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REPORT ON RAWE

Rural Agricultural Work Experience

Submitted to Dr. S.K. Thakral Submitted By: College of Agriculture Chaudhary Charan Singh HaryanaAgricultural University Hisar-125004 2011-12 Dipendra Shahi 2008A72BIV

Dedicated to my family, my teachers & The Almighty

CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT PREFACE INTRODUCTION ORIENTATION DETAILS OF GROUP INFORMATION REGARDING KAITHAL INFORMATION REGARDING SAKRA CROP PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY TECHNO-ECONOMIC SURVEY OF HOST FARMER EXTENSION EDUCATION PROGRAMME CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
With great pleasure and deep sense of gratitude, I express my sincere appreciation to Dr.S.K.Thakral (Coordinator of RAWE Programme), Dr. A.S. Dhindhwal, Dr.R.K. Pannu, Dr. Ishwar singh, Dr. D.P.NandaL, Dr.Hari Om whose initiative, interest, incessant care, creative suggestions and expert valuable guidance at every step provided me a constant source of energetic inspiration and encouragement for intensive studies in this Programme. I owe my sincere gratitude & thanks to our Dean Dr.(Mrs.) Sucheta Khokhar to give us chance for preparing this manuscript and acquiring practical knowledge. I would like to extend my deep sense of sincere gratitude & indebtedness to all the professors of different departments for their cooperation, behavior, moral support and magnanimous help during the orientation period. I express my gratitude towards Dr. Ishwar Singh & Dr. Hari Om who supported & motivated us throughout our stay at the village. I also wish to acknowledge the help, support and cooperation that I received from Dr. Nandal (during RAWE Programme).

I am also very thankful to Mr. Charan Singh (Host Farmer) , Mr. Suresh Kumar , Mr. Gulab Singh (Sarpanch) , Patwari Mr.Subash and A.D.O. Mr.Bal Dev Singh of the village for content their help, guidance, and their cooperation. It is due to them that we never felt like strangers during our stay at the village. It is also an earnest endeavor to express my sincere thanks to all concerned that directly or indirectly provided their contribution and support all the time during the course of RAWE Programme.

DATE: 12-03-2012 PLACE: Mirzapur (Distt. Kurukshetra) 2008A72BIV

Dipendra Shahi

PREFACE
Introduction to Rural Agriculture Work Experience (RAWE) Programme The prospects of Indian agriculture have dramatically changed in the recent past and reached a point of threshold. New high yielding varieties, hybrids and composites of various crops have entered the scene of Indian agriculture. New fungicides, insecticides and weedicides are coming up in the market which has generated a series of dynamic changes in crop production technology. Research on various aspects of crop production such as development of high yielding cultivars, fertilizer use efficiency, water management, weed control, disease and pest control etc. is in progress catering to the needs of farming community. As a result, very valuable information is being generated but is unfortunately available only in the form of special bulletins and articles in different journals, magazines, research reports, leaflets, circulars etc. Education plays a key role in human resource development and therefore, it should be relevant to changing needs of the society. Agricultural education is an important aspect of ensuring increased agricultural productivity, sustainability, environmental and ecological security, profitability, job security and equity. The agricultural education should be meaningful and practical oriented to fulfill the much-felt inner urge of agriculture students to be at a take off and ready to act stage when they complete their graduation. There has been a feeling that the students graduating from agricultural colleges do not possess the required practical knowledge and skills required for performing the agricultural profession effectively and efficiently.

The Education Commission set up in 1948-49 also known as the Dr. Radhakrishnan Commission examined the growth of university education in the country; and realized the need for establishing rural development based universities to accelerate the process of economic development ICAR stressed the need for establishing a rural university on the pattern of the land grant system of institutions in the U.S.A. In 1960, the 1st agricultural university came into being in Pantnagar. From then now the country has 61 agricultural Universities (including one central agricultural university at Imphal, four ICAR institutes with Deemed university status, four central university with agriculture faculty . The third Dean's Committee (1995) suggested model academic regulations and curricula for agriculture graduates. Special emphasis was given to practical training to inculcate skill and confidence among the undergraduates to enable them to meet the new challenges. To achieve this goal, RAWE PROGRAMME in actual farming situation has been included in the course curriculum of the B.Sc. (Hons.)Agri. Students in addition to the on -going programme of practical training at this university. Such a programme will provide and opportunity to the agricultural graduates to develop self - confidence in farming and better understanding of the practical problems faced in the field by the farmers as well as socio economic aspects of the village life more closely. There is no occupation as agriculture, in which experience is essential and exposure to farming situation is necessary to learn the required skills, The students will also be able to understand the socio - economic constraints pertaining to the adoption of new agricultural technologies developed by the agricultural scientists. With the rising agricultural production in the country and introduction of modern technology in the production and processing of agricultural produce, the concept of farming is shifting from survival and growth to value added agri - business approach. The food industry in India is a very

high multiplier which worth billion of dollors. This will lead to major opportunities in high growth, mass - based, high volume markets generating enormous opportunities for the corporate sector. In this backdrop, there will change in the job market i.e. job in government / public sector will recede and tremendous job opportunities will emerge in corporate sector as well as the opportunities of self employment. Obviously, there is need to reorient RAWE PROGRAMME to the new challenges in agriculture, It is felt that there is need to depute interns for imparting them a short training in various agro - industrial units, This will add to their knowledge and give them an impetus. This will also help in developing competency among agricultural graduates in the areas of technology managerial skill, agri - business as well as to face future challenges of employment. It is indeed ironic that agriculture which has almost 55% of the Indian population involved contributes a meager 16% in the GDP of the country. There is therefore a need to develop & strengthen the agriculture sector for an inclusive development of the country. The RAWE PROGRAMME shall be offered in the second semester, to only those B.Sc. (Hons.) Agri. Students who have already completed all the course work and other prescribed requirements for the B.Sc. (Hons.) Agri. Degree.

Objectives
1. 2. 3. To gain knowledge and experience on the operational aspects of agricultural technology being used by the farmers. To develop communication skills in interns by effective use of extension methods to make them better extension workers. To help the interns to understand and appreciate the agricultural problems of the village with special reference to the constraints in the application of latest farm technology.

4.

To acquaint the interns with the functioning of various agricultural researches, development, and agro based marketing industries, extension agencies and other allied organizations involved in rural development.

INTRODUCTION
I. Programme of work The RAWE programme shall consist of the following components: 1. Orientation and self- employment training Prior to commencement of on - farm internship programme, the interns shall report for orientation immediately after registration and shall undergo training about curriculum on crop production technology, techno -economic survey, preparation of farm plan, family budget and curriculum on extension education programme. After this, various scientists/teachers engaged in research and transfer of technology will teach the interns regarding production technology of various important crops and constraints in adopting the latest technology. Immediately after this, the interns will also undergo self -employment training in crop production; seed production and testing; fruits and vegetable technology & nursery management; commercial bee keeping; mushroom production technology; Operation, repair and service of farm machinery, diesel engines, pumping sets and electric motors; Dairy and poultry farming, farm forestry and Agricultural Meteorology. This programme shall be of 15-20 days duration and shall be offered by the related departments of college of Agriculture, College of Agricultural. Engineering & Technology and College of Animal Sciences.The Heads of the concerned departments shall also ensure that interns are exposed to the commercial farming units sat appropriate time during the internship programme.

In addition to the above SET programme, there will be special lectures on new emerging issues in agriculture like WTO implications, watershed management, herbicide resistance and zero tillage, natural resource management, job opportunities in agriculture, high tech agriculture including cut and dry flowers high cost vegetables, poly & green house technology, growing and processing of medicinal plants, post harvest technology, agro processing etc. 2.Crop Production Technology The interns shall involve themselves in actual day-to-day agricultural operations along with their host farmers. They will also undertake diagnosis and management of various weeds, plant pests, diseases, nutritional imbalances and physiological disorders likely to be encountered under field conditions. The interns shall maintain a record of work done in the Performa prescribed. 3.Techno-economic survey, preparation of farm plans and family budgets The interns shall take up a techno-economic survey of the village as per the questionnaire issued for the purpose. The interns shall be required to collect data on economic condition of the village, resources endowment and its utilization, labour problems and employment and other important economic aspects covered in the questionnaire. The interns shall also conduct a farm survey and work out the cost of cultivation of principle crops grown on the farm allotted to them. They will also maintain a farm record book and on the basis of the data analyzed in terns will formulate a number of alternative farm plans in consultation with the farmer and the extension specialist of KVKs for re-organization of the farm business for optimal net returns. The interns will also conduct a family budget study of the host farmer, at the end of the semester; they will prepare a report under the following heads:

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(a.) Techno-economic survey of the village. (b.) Farms survey; farm record book and alternative farm plans. (c.) Family budgets of the host farmer. 4. Extension Education Programme The interns will be required to involve themselves in the following extension education programmes: 1. Identifying agricultural problems of the village and training needs of the farmers. 2. Maintaining information corner. 3. Conducting method and result demonstrations. 4. Organizing short duration Farmers Training Camps, field visits and agricultural exhibitions. 5. Study of the on-going extension programmes in the villages. 6. Arranging Farmers' group meetings to discuss agricultural aspects. 7. Visit to village institutions and study their role in development programmes and other extension activities. 8. Motivating the farmers by different extension teaching methods. 9. Writing success stories and feature articles. Each intern will prepare a report with respect to the activities indicated above and submit to the Chairman of the Advisory Committee for its evaluation. 5. Study of programmes and activities of various agricultural research, development, extension agencies and Organizations The interns shall be given an opportunity to acquaint themselves with on-going programmes and activities of the research, development, marketing and extension agencies and Organization in the progressive

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neighboring village/district/State. institution he/she has visited.

The interns

will

submit

report

on

I. Implementation of the programme The students of COA, Hisar and Kaul shall be divided equally into small groups. The group shall be allotted to the Krishi Vigyan Kendras of the State for providing necessary guidance to the interns in the implementation of the RAWE. The interns will be allotted to KVK districts other than their home districts. III Allotment of Village Dr.S.K.Thakral Coordinator of RAWE did the allotment of the villages. Our group was placed in village Mirzapur, District Kurukshetra under the able guidance of Dr. Ishwar singh . IV Learnings from RAWE If you provide food to a person, he will be contented for the day and if you teach him how to grow the crops, he can maintain himself throughout his life and his generations. Our population is increasing day by day; therefore, it is necessary to grow more crops that are productive. Agriculturists are trying for this in multidirectional way having galloping speed and rapid spread with respect to time and space. The practical training knowledge and skills required for increasing the productivity of crop to achieve the goal CCSHAU, Hisar have implemented the Rural Agriculture Work Experience (RAWE) included in the course curriculum of the B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture in addition to ongoing programme of practical training of the university. Such an opportunity to us provide the self confidence in farming and to better understand the practical problem faced in the field by the farmers and also help us to understand the socio-economic aspects of the village life more closely and

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constraints pertaining to adoption of new technology developed by our scientists.

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ORIENTATION
03 & 04-01-2012 We got registered to the RAWE Programme for tenure of 4 months admitted by Dr.S.K.Thakral. 05-01-2012 Our first class of the program was headed by Dr. S.K.Thakral and Dr. R.K. Pannu. All the students of Hisar and Kaul had a meeting. They instructed us what we have to do in two month training in village. An assignment on Data collection for 5 major Rabi and Kharif Crops in terms of their Production, Productivity and Area were assigned to us. 06-01-2012 Dr. S.K. Thakral and Dr.R.K. Pannu gave us RAWE curriculum on Crop Production Technology. 07-01-2012 Dr.R.S.Kadian delivered a lecture on techno-economic survey, preparation of farm plans, family budget etc. 09-01-2012 Dr.A.K.Godara & Dr.S.K.Mehta delivered lectures on General Extension Education Programme.

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10-01-2012 A word of advice was given to the students by our Honble

Associate Dean Dr. Diwan Singh. Dr A.S. Dhindhwal (Head


Agronomy) gave advised us how to live in villages Then Dr.S.K. Thakral made student aware with the rules that are imposed on each student under the RAWE Programme. 11-01-2012 Allotment of villages to the students by Dr. S.K. Thakral and RAWE identity cards were given to us.

12-01-2012 We departed for staying in the village for the next 2 months. We are staying at Panchayat Ghar (Mirzapur) which was given to us by the Panchayat. 16-01-2012 On this day, 5 lectures were held in college of agriculture, Kaul. First lecture was on Bee keeping by Dr. O.P.Chaudhary followed by Dr. O. P. Sagwal, Dr. S.P. Goyal , Dr. R. K. Chauhan ,Dr. Devi Singh on Soil and Water Conservation, Mushroom Cultivation, Cost of Cultivation of wheat and Horticultural crops respectively. 17-01-2012 On this day, Dr. C. P. Mehla acquainted the students with Vegetable Crop Production Technology followed by Dr. V.S. Lather, Dr. Hari Om , Dr. Satpal Dahiya and lastly by Dr. D. P. Nandal on pulses production ,RCT, Livestock production and major weds of rice and wheat respectively.

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18-01-2012 After we got settled in the village we informed people about us by visiting farmers at their homes, farms. 07-03-2012 We organized training titled Organic Farming at Mirzapur Panchayat Building in which we gave information related to Long Term Benefits of Organic farming, soil management, compost etc. can be achieved. Dr. Ishwar Singh showed his esteemed presence.

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Training on Organic farming

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INTERN

DIPENDRA SHAHI

UNDER
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, CCS HAU, KAUL
Dr. D.P. Nandal

Dr. Ishwar Singh Dr. Hari Om

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INFORMATION REGARDING DISTRICT KURUKSHETRA


LOCATION Kurukshetra is located in the northern region of Haryana.

PHYSICAL FEATURES Physically the district is a part of Indo- gangetic alluvial plan. The most part of it is a level plain except certain tracts. There is no perennial river in the district. CLIMATE The climate of the district is moderate. markedly cold in winter. It is hot in summer and

The maximum temperature is recorded in the

months of May and June, when it goes up to as high as 43 0C and the minimum touches 2 0C in December and January. The rainy season starts from July and lasts up to September. July and August have wide spread rain and 75% of the rains are received during these months. The average rainfall of the district is 600-700 mm. The rainy days are less than 60 per annum. AGRICULTURE Economy of the in the district is agrarian 34.2% of the farmers are small and marginal farmers with land-holdings up to 2 hectares. These small and marginal farmers constitute 5.9% of the total area holding. The average size of the holdings is about 4.35 hectares according to 1991 census.

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At present 90.1% of the total areas is under cultivation. The rest is cultivable waste, fallow or area not fit for cultivation. There is little forestland in the district. Cropping intensity is only 126. Wheat and Rice are important crops covering 88% of the total area under food-grain crops. The main crops of the district are Paddy & Jowar in Kharif & Wheat, Field Pea, Moong, Berseem in Rabi. The area is 90% tubewell and 10% canal irrigated. Animal Husbandry is the main allied agricultural activity in the district particularly Dairy farming. The climate and physiographic conditions of the district are suitable for rearing of Buffaloes and Poultry Farms. INDUSTRIES The district is industrially backward. backwardness. STATUS OF SOIL 1) NUTRIENTS The soils are very poor in Nitrogen, low to medium in Phosphorous & medium to high Potash. The soils are also deficient in Zinc (70%). The soils have poor organic content. 2) MICRO NUTRIENTS The micronutrient deficiency of Iron, Manganese, Sulphur & Copper has also appeared in some pockets of the district. Remote location from big

commercial centers and lack of entrepreneurial skill are the main factors for

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3) SOIL TYPE The soils are heavy with high water holding capacity.

VARIETIES ADOPTED IN KURUKSHETRA Rabi Wheat Berseem Kharif Paddy Basmati-30, Basmati-1121, PR-13 PBW 343, HD 2894, WH 711 Sadhu (Multicut)

For other crops farmers usually sow their own seeds.

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INFORMATION REGARDING VILLAGE MIRZAPUR


Location: Village Mirzapur is in Kurukshetra district. It is 4-5 Km from Kurukshetra. Its nearby Kurukshetra University ,Kurukshetra & is 1.5 km away. Demography: There are 700 farmer families in the village. The language of this village is mostly Haryanvi. The main occupation of the people is farming with marginal land holdings. Most of the farmers have their own tubewells in the field. The depth of the tubewell lies in the range of 30-45 metres. Climate: The average rainfall is 600-700 mm and most of it is received during the monsoon season. The rainy days are 50-60 per annum. Quality of the water in the village lies between 0-2000m/mho/cm2. Miscellaneous: The villagers are very peaceful and harmony loving. The farmers are progressive. The farmers are going for crop diversification as many farmers instead of growing wheat during rabi season have opted for vegetable and other crops. Many farmers have also adopted the Zero-tillage technology in their fields.

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STATISTICS OF VILLAGE MIRZAPUR

Total area of the village Cultivated area Land put to non-agriculture use Total no. of families Total population of the village Male Female Children Total no. Agriculture workers No. of non-agriculture workers Total no. of tractor in village Total no. of tube wells in village No. of Panchayat Ghar No. of Aanganwadi No. of Water Works No. of Schools No. of Chaupal No. of Banks No. of Veterinary Clinic No. of Health Centre No. of Post-offices

652 ha 527 ha 125 ha 700 9653 4633 3861 1159 6564 3089 110 145 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1

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ORGANIZATION OF THE VILLAGE


Every village has social institutions which play an important role in conducting the responsibilities of promoting indigenous findings related to agriculture & allied fields, education, health, removal of poverty and balanced development of the village for the benefit of its people. In order to understand the role and responsibilities of the institutions, the team of interns including myself visited these basic institutions. Aanganwadi: The purpose of the aanganwadi is to provide guidance about the nutritional value of the food and its importance in diets of the children & pregnant ladies. There is one aanganwadi in the village. It also gives training on stitching and cooking to the women of the village besides acting as a cretch for the tiny tots of those mother who work in the farm. Timings of aanganwadi School: There are 2 schools in the village, one is Government funded, teaching the students from nursery to tenth standard, having a principal who looks after the students from sixth to tenth standard, and the students from nursery to fifth standard are looked after by headmaster, the school staff has 20 teachers who teach from English to Physical education to 598 students. The mid day meal programme has been efficiently and effectively running. Beside this, there is another govt secondary school . - 8:45am to 1:45pm

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Health center: For the medical aid and better health of the villagers, there is one health clinic funded by Government. It provides vaccines to the children and medical aid to the pregnant women. Banks: There is 1 mini banks in the village which provides fertilizers like Urea and DAP and loans to farmers. However, one branch of Punjab National Bank is Near at Gurukul, 1.5 Km from Mirzapur. Veterinary Hospital: There is one Veterinary hospital in the village. Chaupals: There are two chaupals situated at different locations in the village. The village folks gather here for discussions, sharing their experiences related to farms, and also for playing cards.

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ECONOMY OF THE VILLAGE


Any economy can be divided in majorly 3 sectors: PRIMARY / AGRICULTURE SECTOR Agriculture sector comprise of Agriculture and allied activities. In agriculture the activities included are raising crops, minor irrigation, Farm Mechanization, Horticulture, Dairy, Sheep/Goat Rearing, Bio-Gas, Poultry, Fishery, Piggery etc. SECONDARY / SMALL SCALE & RURAL INDUSTRIES The economy of the district is Agriculture based, as much of the industries in District are agro-based like rice-shellers ad oil/dal mills. There are a few brick kilns also. SERVICE / TERTIARY SECTOR Major activities included under the tertiary sectors are;

Transportation, Small Business and Retail Trade, Units set up by Professionals and Self-Employed, financing/banking etc.

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CROP PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY


To know what type of crop production technology the farmers adopt is one of the important aspects of RAWE Programme. It includes what type of crops they are taking, which varieties they are using, what type of special practices they are adopting and what are the main crop production problems which farmers face etc. Main Crops of Village: Rabi: Wheat Berseem Kharif: Paddy Jowar Problems Related to Agriculture: 1. Non-availability of true seeds. 2. Late availability of seeds. 3. Late availability of fertilizers. 4. Very high water-holding capacity of soils. 5. Termite problem in case of Rabi crops. 6. Unavailability of power for irrigation at crucial time of crop. 7. Lack of irrigation water. 8. Lack of faith in extension worker and university work. 9. Risk bearing ability of the farmer is low. 10. Marginal land holding.

Major Crop Production Constraints: 1. Lack of Electricity/Power at important stages of crop growth.

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2. Deep water table. 3. Less adoption of high yielding varieties of the crops by the farmers, as higher inputs are required to grow them which doesn't suit the socioeconomic condition of the farmers 4. Most of the crops are not sown timely. 5. Marginal land holdings 6. Shortage of fertilizer. 7. Lack of awareness about university recommended doses. 8. Lack of conviction about superiority of the university seeds. 9. Vagaries of weather. 10. Lack of extension of scientific technology for crop production. Thus farmers don't gain confidence in extension worker & they prefer to choose old varieties and traditional methods of cultivation. 11. 12. 13. Most farmers never use Certified Seeds & prefer to sow their own Poor credit facilities to small farmers force them to adopt traditional Gap in the time of application of plant protection measures. produce. agriculture.

Critical Observation On farmers fields: 1. Farmers use their own seeds for sowing. 2. Irrigation by tubewell water. Irrigation method is flooding. 3. Only chemical weed control is practiced. 4. Farmers use quality seeds purchased from govt. and private sources. In following 2-3 years, they use their own seeds for sowing. 5. The most popular crop rotation is Rice-Wheat. Due to this water table is depleting. 6. Termite is the main insect problem in Rabi season. 7. Tubewells are run by electricity and diesel engines. 8. Intercropping and mixed cropping are seldom taken. 9. Most of the farmers have farm buildings at their fields. 10. Machines are easily available on hire basis.

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11. 12. 13.

No. of tractors is accordingly to the requirements. Size of average land holding is marginal. Harvesting of the crops is done by hiring labour.

Major crop rotations Paddy-Wheat Paddy-Berseem Jowar-Wheat Jowar-Wheat-Dhaincha Problems 1. Low water table. 2. Use of private dealer seed. 3. Very high water holding capacity of soil (this becomes problematic for wheat as we have already seen this season that many acres of wheat were destroyed due to water-logging). 4. Vagaries of weather (problem of hailstorms, excessive rainfall etc.). Suggestions 1. Farmers should use water judiciously for agricultural purposes. 2. Farmers should try to recharge depleting water table. 3. They should use certified seed always. 4. Proper & timely plant protection measures must be implemented on field to minimize losses. Integrated methods must be encouraged.

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TECHNO-ECONOMIC SURVEY OF HOST FARMER


To understand the practical aspects of cropping production and to know the problems faced by the farmer and how he survives is one of the main objectives of RAWE programme. To understand this I was told to make one host and three contact farmer. In village I met with Mr.Charan Singh, who is Matric pass and farming is his main occupation. He is a polite, nice, down-to-earth and easygoing person. I asked him to become my host farmer and he agreed with alacrity. He is a very progressive farmer, & according to him, because of the lack of interest and ignorance agriculture is not progressing. Name of host farmer Age Village Educational Status Main Occupation Type of family Total no. of members in famil Male Female No. of farm workers in family Male Female Total land (Owned) Type of soil Mr. Charan Singh 37 yrs. Mirzapur, Kurukshetra Matric Farming Nuclear 7 3 4 2 2 0 12 acre Clay Loam

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Cropping Scheme Sr. No. 1. Kharif Paddy Area (acre) 11 Rabi 1. Wheat 2. Berseem RETURNS Crop Area (acre) Paddy Wheat 75,072 Berseem Total 0.5 9,000-4,500 6,49620 Livestock Enterprise Number Buffalo 3 Income 1,08,000 35,000 17,500 7,49,500 26,000 13,000 99,832 12 Total Inputs Per acre Total (Rs.) 27,816 11.5 (Rs.) 3,33,792 27,072 3,11,328 Gross Returns Per acre (Rs.) 28,800 Total (Rs.) 3,45,600 33,600 Net Returns Per acre (Rs.) 980 3,86,400 Total ( Rs.) 11,760 6,528 Area (acre) 11.5 .5

Family Budget & Farm Income:


Sr. No. Name of Unit Consumed monthly Cost/Unit Total Expenditure

(Kg)
I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X.

(Rs/Kg) 20 40 30 15 45 50 30 200 30

(Rs.)

Food: Cereals Pulses Pulses products Vegetables Fruits Nuts and Oilseeds Milk Ghee Sugar Others

52 3 3.5 24 8 .2 26 5 15 Per annum

1040 120 105 360 360 60 780 1000 450 604 Sub - total 5,046 60552

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Non-Food: 1. 2. Clothing Light & fuel Repairs, taxes, services , recreation ,education Medicine,durable goods Sub-total TOTAL BALANCE SHEET Gross Income from farm Total Expenditure Net Income from farm Family expenditure = = = = Rs8,57,500 / annum Rs. 6,79,620 / annum Rs1,77,880 / annum Rs. 96,552 = 12000 8000 16,000 36,000

60552+ 36,000= 96,552 /Annum

1. 2. 3. 4.

SAVING

=Rs.81,328

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EXTENSION EDUCATION PROGRAMMES


On 7th March we organized an extension education

programme under which we gave training to farmers. The topic which we selected was Organic Farming. For this training we had started preparing a week earlier. We went to the homes and farms of the farmers to make them aware of this training and told them why this training is important for them.

I spoke on the topic on importance of Farming

Organic

Then Dr.Ishwar Singh gave a very detailed speech on the same topic & pointed out all our shortcomings. He emphasized the farmers on the adoption of organic farming.

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CONCLUSION
Agricultural sectors performance during last four decades of the twentieth century has been phenomenal. Indian food grain production has risen from a meager 50 MT in 1950-51 to 200 MT in the year 2000. This has been possible because of the Green Revolution in the year 1965-66 under the leadership of Dr. C. Subramanyam & Dr. M. S. Swaminathan. But still the ever-growing population is starving. It is said that India needs to produce 312 MT of food grains by the year 2020 to feed it. This will be possible only if we seriously think about undertaking a Second Green Revolution or an Ever Green Revolution. The President of India, Pratibha Devi Singh Patils, has proposed that this will be possible with the use of IT, Technology, Organic Farming & better extension & better adoption by the farmers. Critically, if we see the present agriculture scenario, we notice some of the blunders committed in past years. We wanted more food, but not cared how it was produced and can it be produced like that endlessly. Our concentration was on extending area under cultivation, providing irrigation facilities and heavy dependence on agrochemical inputs. All these have resulted in reduced biodiversity and reduced genetic expressions, decline in soil fertility and water resources, salinity and water logging, resurgence of pests and diseases and enhanced environmental pollution. Since the future of India depends on agricultural growth, agriculture has to become ecofriendly production system capable of sustainable growth in agriculture to meet the basic need of rapidly increasing population. The highlights of our RAWE programme may be summarize as below: 1. We visited the farms and took various data and information regarding crop production technology, biometrics data for important field crops, techno-economic surveys, adoption and constraint analysis in production of

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major crops, socio-economic constraints, study of programs and activities of rural development agencies and organization of various village institutions. 2. Extension program or Training was a very new & refreshing experience. We told the farmers about Organic Farming. 3. Under this RAWE programme I learnt the difficulties, which come up during crop production. Any system developed by the experts is not necessary to ideal in all conditions. There are different types of constraints in it. These can be removed by doing some modifications in the system. 4. In my view, only the KVK scientists, A.D.O., the Agriculture officers and other extension workers can fill the gap between farmers and scientists. Farmers are not much educated but they are still ready to accept new technologies if they are convinced by extension workers. In short, my stay at the village was a wonderful experience. We did face some hardships in trying to adopt in the village environment initially, but we found ourselves well suited in the end. In return we gained first hand experience of agriculture & the problems faced by the farmers.

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