Sustainable Management of Energy Resources

RAUNAK BHANSALI*, VIKAS LOHIYA*, D.K.MEHTA**

Student- CSE Department of CSE Jodhpur Engineering College and Research Centre, Jodhpur
**Head*

E-mail: raunak_bhansali@yahoo.co.in

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to highlight some sector management concerns to a sustainable energy future in
the country. The paper follows a deductive approach and reviews about the present status and possible future energy outlooks from the existing literature. This is followed by a strategy outline to achieve long-term energy sustainability. Consequently, the energy future of the country is eminently unsustainable. A strategy focussing on demand reduction, enhanced access, use of local resources and better management practices in various sectors is proposed here. However, a sustainable path faces a number of challenges from the management and policy perspectives, emerging solutions to sustainable energy resources has been initiated.

I.

INTRODUCTION

Energy is the lifeline to prosperity and growth of infrastructural development in any country. Energy Management is collective term for all the systematic practices to minimize and control both the quantity and cost of energy used in providing a service. The energy thus would need to be ensured for its availability on sustainable basis. The demand of energy is growing at a very fast rate and the energy sources are becoming scarce and costlier day by day. Governments major legislative initiatives towards creating an enabling framework for a sustainable and more efficient future management of our primary and secondary energy resources. Government of India has accorded high priority to the Energy Efficiency and Energy Conservations measures and launched the Campaign on Energy Conservations in 2004. The main goal of the campaign is to reduce energy costs by reducing demand for energy and help individual citizen to make small behavior changes that collectively will make a big difference. Thus, energy efficiency and energy resource management is very relevant in today's context of global warming and climate change. 1. Issues

Promoting a framework for efficient use of energy in the organization. Helping organizations make a better use of their energy assets. Helping in procurement practices for energy using equipment and systems. Emphasis management's commitment to energy use and efficiency.

Measuring, reporting, benchmarking energy use improvements. Assess energy improvement projects impact on GHG emissions. Create transparency in the management of energy resources. Evaluate the improvements in implementation of energy efficient technologies. Validate continuous improvement in energy management.

2. Benefits By incorporating a good saving plan, a business firm is bound to make savings and help in controlling the energy resources. For such, the business firm can: Minimize Operating Cost: It is estimated that a 5% reduction in operating costs is achievable through good house keeping practices and the implementation of a comprehensive energy management program. Additional savings of upto7% should be attainable in the medium to longer term through investment energy efficient technology upgrades. Improve Process Control: Paying close attention to the operation of building controls will usually improve the performance of building systems, including the elimination of systems working against each other. Improve Work Environment: An efficient and better controlled building leads to an improvement in general working conditions for staff. More comfortable surroundings contribute to a more productive workplace. Reduce Environmental Impact:

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For every kilowatt-hour of electricity consumed, approximately 1 kg of greenhouse gas is emitted to the atmosphere. Implementing an energy saving program not only saves money; it reduces the environmental impact of the business following it.

their daily life by involving the school children so as to spread the energy conservation messages through their friends, parents and other relatives.

II. IMPLEMENTING ENERGY MANAGEMENT 1. Role of Energy Management Energy Management has become a major enabler to almost all business transformation initiatives. Important components of Energy Management include: Staff involvement and awareness. Purchase of energy at the most economical price. Optimization of energy efficiency through passive means and/or the use of appropriate technology. Bringing down the expenses of a business and helps the society on the whole by controlling pollution and using the resources in the most optimum way. With help of various firms one of them being ENER-G which is providing innovative solutions and technology energy management has become easily achievable. Energy efficiency can bring many benefits by lowering energy costs, reducing carbon emissions, improving working conditions. Better control and ensuring legislative compliance aids ISO 14001 accreditation Demonstrates corporate and social responsibility 2. Strategies Initiatives for Target Sector Energy resources following strategies on sectors: Industrial Sector: Nearly 50% of the total conventional energy available is consumed in the Indian industries. To maintain the tempo, the current awareness programme will focus on the sector through the organisation of sector specific workshops on energy conservation. The focus sector will be cement, pulp & paper, aluminium, petrochemical and refineries. Commercial Sector: The issue in this sector can be addressed effectively through print media by insertions on tips to save electricity. Organizing of workshops, and symposiums, demonstration of energy efficient lighting system in the Trade Fairs, etc. does contribute in achieving the objective in effective manner. Educational Institutes: The objective is to make energy saving practices as part of their involuntary actions of

Figure 1. The Trias Energetic Concept The figure depicting the concept of most sustainable energy is saved energy. The alignment of any business should be driven by an effective organization by ensuring energy management strategies drive savings, supporting applications in the enterprise and driving strategic initiatives using optimizing resources and balancing investments between systems that support the current enterprise, and those that transform the enterprise. Reduce the demand for energy by avoiding waste and implementing energy-saving measures. Use sustainable sources of energy instead of finite fossil fuels Produce and use fossil energy as efficiently possible. 3. Relationships to other Business Management Plans Energy management should not be undertaken in isolation but should be a strategic component of a comprehensive business management plan. Energy management not only makes good financial sense, it also protects the environment by reducing the amount of greenhouse gas emissions attributable to government operations. Agencies that incorporate an energy reduction strategy under the umbrella of a total business management plan are more likely to achieve greater energy savings. Proper planning at the time of procurement can provide lasting financial and environmental benefits to the agency. Many organizations regard energy costs as unavoidable and fixed. However, energy costs are one of the more controllable variable costs within the agency. Generally, all that is required to ensure the

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success of an energy management plan is the commitment of all staff, from the most senior level down to the office floor. In most cases a successful energy management policy will only require a small capital investment and over the short to medium term will actually save money. ISO 50001 is proposed to be in line with ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 standards that address quality management and environmental management issues

500 kW in the early 90's through to 1-2 MW current 4-5 MW wind turbines can be expected in the future for offshore applications. "Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." The Report of the U.N. Brundtland Commission, Our Common Future, 1987 3. Solar Power One of the most promising sustainable energy sources throughout the world. A logic solar harvesting concept offers all the roof surfaces on Earth, where energy is needed for heat and electricity. There are now over 6 Billion m2 or 6 TW (Terawatt, i.e. 6'000 GW) peak power at disposal at noon producing annually around 6 PWh solar energy in the form of heat and/or electricity available. The roof program alone would provide 5 % of the world energy needs - clean, sustainable and eternally available without energy cost. The solar electricity production can be enhanced by solar electricity exchange pools with the utilities, which already operate successfully in several countries. There are also systems available for the daily and seasonal storage of solar heat and cold, combined with heat pumps, which can make buildings practically independent and pollution-free from conventional energy supplies.

Figure 2. The Global Employment

III. EMERGING SOLUTIONS SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SOURCES 1. Hydro power One of the most commonly used energy sources throughout the world. This energy source constitutes about 20% of the electricity world consumption. Of 175 countries, more than 150 have hydropower resources. For 65 of them, hydro produces more than 50% of electricity; for 24, more than 90% and for 10, practically the total. The main advantage of hydro electricity is that it is a reliable technology, proven by one century of construction and operation. It is easily accessible, particularly for developing countries. In addition, it plays a major role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions in terms of avoided generation by fossil fuels. 2. Wind Power The low cost of wind power, makes it particularly important compared to other renewable. Wind turbines themselves cost less as technology improves and the number being manufactured increases. The newer designs are also more efficient, so more electricity is produced from more cost-effective turbines. The size of wind turbines is also increasing 100 kW in the mid 80's 200 kW in the late 80's

E lectricityP roduction

E lectricityConsum ption

Figure 3. The Electricity Production and Consumption

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4. Wave Power Yet another sustainable energy source which has tremendous potential in modern world. Wind passing over the surface of water gradually passes some of its energy into the water to create waves. If the wind has a reasonable velocity and persists for a long time across a long stretch of water then the resulting waves will be large and powerful. The World wave power resource is estimated at 2'000 GW, largely to be found in deep water locations. This is in depths of 40m or more. A great deal of technical progress has been achieved over the last 25 years of wave power development. Many of the prototype schemes are shore mounted and incorporate an Oscillating Water Column driving a self rectifying air turbine. The shoreline resource, although easier to exploit, has lower power density (typically around 20 kW/m) than the deep water. CONCLUSION

The aim of energy management is to reduce the amount of energy a building consumes. Good energy management starts from an understanding of how a building uses energy. The next stage is to identify inefficiencies and agree actions to improve efficiency. These actions need associated targets and ongoing monitoring to measure their performance. Actions taken to improve efficiency can vary. Some cost nothing, others are low cost and some require greater investment. Some use technology other focus on people but good energy management will usually deliver savings through a combinations of all the steps which best suit an organization.

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