GENERAL MOTORS-A HISTORY

General Motors Company (NYSE: GM, TSX: GMM.U), commonly known as GM, formerly incorporated (until 2009) as General Motors Corporation, is an American multinational automotive corporation headquartered in Detroit, Michigan, and the world's largest [3] automaker, by vehicle unit sales, in 2011. GM employs 202,000 people and does business in some 157 countries. General Motors produces cars and trucks in 31 countries, and sells and services these vehicles through the following divisions/brands: Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, Opel, Vauxhall, andHolden, as well as two joint ventures in China, Shanghai GM and SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile. GM's OnStar subsidiary provides vehicle safety, security and information services. In 2009, the company emerged from a government backed Chapter 11 reorganization. In 2010, GM made an initial public offering that was one of the world's top 5 largest IPOs to date. GM returned to profitability [4] in 2011.
[1]

Type

Public

Traded as

NYSE: GM TSX: GMM.U

Industry

Automotive

Founded

September 16, 1908

Founder(s)

William C. Durant

Headquarters

Renaissance Center Detroit, Michigan

United States

Number of locations

156 facilities on six continents [1]

Area served

Worldwide

Key people

Daniel F. Akerson, Chairman and CEO

Products

Automobiles Financial Services

Revenue

US$ 150.28 billion (2011)[2]

Operating income

US$ 9.287 billion (2011)[2]

Net income

US$ 7.585 billion (2011)[2]

Total assets

US$ 144.60 billion (2011)[2]

Total equity

US$ 38.99 billion (2011)[2]

Employees

207,000 (2012)[1]

Divisions

Chevrolet Buick Cadillac GMC

Subsidiaries

General Motors India ACDelco GM Components Holdings LLC OnStar Adam Opel AG

GM Holden Ltd GM Financial GM Korea General Motors do Brasil Vauxhall Motors

Website

www.gm.com

Based on global sales, General Motors is currently the world's no. 1 automaker. Headquartered at the Renaissance Center in Detroit, GM employs approximately 202,000 people around the world. In 2009, General Motors sold 6.5 million cars and trucks globally. On July 23, 2009, GM announced its new Board of Directors: Dan Calendar Year Akerson, David Bonderman, Robert D. Krebs, Patricia F. Russo and Ed Whitacre (GM Chairman and Interim Chief Executive 1998[5] Officer). Board members who are not GM employees will be paid 1999 [13] US$200,000 annually. [6] 2000 [14] Executive management: 2001 Daniel Akerson Chief Executive Officer & Chairman of the 2002 Board of Directors 2003 Daniel Ammann Chief Financial Officer Stephen J. Girsky GM Vice Chairman, Corporate Strategy, Business Development, Global Product Planning and Global Purchasing and Supply Chain Mark Reuss President, GM North America Karl-Friedrich Stracke Opel AG
[15]

U.S. sales Chg/yr. (vehicles) 4,603,991 5,017,150 4,953,163 4,904,015 4,858,705 4,756,403 4,707,416 4,517,730 4,124,645 3,866,620 2,980,688 2,084,492 2,215,227 2,503,820 9.0% 1.3% 1.0% 0.9% 2.1% 1.0% 4.0% 8.7% 6.3% 22.9% 30.1% 6.3% 13.7%

2004 2005 2006

[7]

[8]

President, GM Europe; CEO, Adam 2007

[9]

2008 Timothy E. Lee President, GM International Operations (Asia[10] 2009 Pacific, Latin America, Africa, and Middle East) Mary Barra Senior Vice President of Global Product [16] Development Michael Milliken Senior Vice President and General [17] Counsel Cynthia J. Brinkley Vice President, Global Human Resources Selim Bingol Vice President, Global Communications
[19] [20]

2010 2011

[11] [12]

[18]

Edward T. Welburn Vice President of Global Design for GM

As part of the company's advertising, Ed Whitacre announced the company's 60-day money-back [21] guarantee and repayment of $6.7 billion loan from government ahead of schedule. On August 12, 2010

GM announced that Whitacre would relinquish the CEO position effective September 1, 2010 and that of Chairman of the Board at the end of the year, to be replaced in those functions by current board member [22] Dan Akerson. From June 2009 to March 2011, the company had three chief executive officers and [23] three chief financial officers. [edit]Financial

results

The company has reported annual profits since 2010. It can carry forward previous losses to reduce tax liability on future earnings. It earned $4.7 billion in 2010. The Wall Street Journal estimated the tax break, including credits for costs related to pensions and other expenses can be worth as much as $45 billion [24] over the next 20 years. In 2010, General Motors ranked second on the list with 8.5 million units produced globally. In 2011, GM returned to the first place with 9.025 million units sold worldwide, corresponding to 11.9% market share of the global motor vehicle industry. The top two markets in 2011 were the United States, with 2,503,820 vehicles sold, and China, with 2,547,203 units. The Chevrolet brand was the main contributor to GM [26] performance, with 4.76 million vehicles sold around the world in 2011, a global sales record. As of January, 2012, the US government's Troubled Asset Relief Program had about $25 billion invested in GM. Break even for the government was figured at $53.98 v. the then-current share price of about [27] $25.
[25]

Production of SUVs and trucks vs. cars

In the late 1990s, the U.S. economy was on the rise and GM and Ford gained market share producing enormous profits primarily from the sale of light trucks and sport-utility vehicles. Following the September 11 attacks, a severe stock market decline caused a pension and benefit fund underfunding crisis. GM began its Keep America Rolling campaign, which boosted sales, and other auto makers were forced to follow suit. The U.S. automakers saw sales increase to leverage costs as gross margins deteriorated. In 2004, GM redirected resources from the development of new sedans to an accelerated refurbishment of their light trucks and SUVs for introduction as 2007 models in early 2006. Shortly after this decision, fuel prices increased by over 50% and this in turn affected both the trade-in value of used vehicles and the perceived desirability of new offerings in these market segments. The current marketing plan is to tout these revised vehicles extensively as offering the best fuel economy in their class (of vehicle). GM claims [citation needed] its hybrid trucks will have fuel economy improvements of 25%.

Chairmen of the Board of General Motors

Chairmen of the Board of General Motors
[48]

Thomas Neal -- November 19, 1912 - November 16, 1915 Pierre S. du Pont -- November 16, 1915 - February 7, 1929 Lammot du Pont II -- February 7, 1929 - May 3, 1937 Alfred P. Sloan, Jr. -- May 3, 1937 - April 2, 1956 Albert Bradley -- April 2, 1956 - August 31, 1958 Frederic G. Donner -- September 1, 1958 - October 31, 1967

James M. Roche -- November 1, 1967 - December 31, 1971 Richard C. Gerstenberg -- January 1, 1972 - November 30, 1974 Thomas A. Murphy -- December 1, 1974 - December 31, 1980 Roger B. Smith -- January 1, 1981 - July 31, 1990 Robert C. Stempel -- August 1, 1990 - November 1, 1992 John G. Smale -- November 2, 1992 - December 31, 1995 John F. "Jack" Smith, Jr. -- January 1, 1996 - April 30, 2003 G. Richard Wagoner, Jr. -- May 1, 2003 - March 30, 2009 Kent Kresa -- March 30, 2009 - July 10, 2009 Edward ("Ed") Whitacre, Jr. -- July 10, 2009 December 31, 2010 Dan Akerson -- December 31, 2010 present
[51] [50] [49]

[edit]Chief

Executive Officers of General Motors

Chief Executive Officers of General Motors

Alfred P. Sloan, Jr. -- May 10, 1923 - June 3, 1946 Charles Erwin Wilson -- June 3, 1946 - January 26, 1953 Harlow H. Curtice -- February 2, 1953 - August 31, 1958 James M. Roche -- November 1, 1967 - December 31, 1971 Richard C. Gerstenberg -- January 1, 1972 - November 30, 1974 Thomas A. Murphy -- December 1, 1974 - December 31, 1980 Roger B. Smith -- January 1, 1981 - July 31, 1990 Robert C. Stempel -- August 1, 1990 - November 1, 1992 John F. "Jack" Smith, Jr. -- November 2, 1992 - May 31, 2000 G. Richard Wagoner, Jr. -- June 1, 2000 - March 30, 2009 Frederick A. "Fritz" Henderson -- March 30, 2009 - December 1, 2009 Dan Akerson -- September 1, 2010 present
[51] [54] [52] [53]

Edward ("Ed") Whitacre, Jr. -- December 1, 2009 September 1, 2010

[edit]Vice

Chairmen of General Motors

Vice Chairmen of General Motors

Donaldson Brown -- May 3, 1937 - June 3, 1946 George Russell -- November 1, 1967 - March 31, 1970 Richard C. Gerstenberg -- April 6, 1970 - December 31, 1971 Thomas A. Murphy -- January 1, 1972 - November 30, 1974 Richard L. Terrell -- October 1, 1974 - January 1, 1979 Oscar A. Lundin -- December 1, 1974 - November 30, 1975 Howard H. Kerhl -- February 1, 1981 - December 31, 1986 Donald J. Atwood -- June 1, 1987 - April 19, 1989 John F. "Jack" Smith, Jr. -- August 1, 1990 - April 6, 1992 Robert J. Schultz -- August 1, 1990 - November 1, 1992 Harry J. Pearce -- January 1, 1996 - May 25, 2001

John M. Devine -- January 1, 2001 - June 1, 2006 Robert A. Lutz -- September 1, 2001present Frederick A. "Fritz" Henderson -- January 1, 2006 - March 3, 2008

[edit]Presidents

of General Motors
[55]

Presidents of General Motors

George E. Daniels -- September 22, 1908 - October 20, 1908 William M. Eaton -- October 20, 1908 - November 23, 1910 James J. Storrow -- November 23, 1910 - January 26, 1911 Thomas Neal -- January 26, 1911 - November 19, 1912 Charles W. Nash -- November 19, 1912 - June 1, 1916 William C. Durant -- June 1, 1916 - November 30, 1920 Pierre S. du Pont -- November 30, 1920 - May 10, 1923 Alfred P. Sloan, Jr. -- May 10, 1923 - May 3, 1937 William S. Knudsen -- May 3, 1937 - September 3, 1940 Charles E. Wilson -- January 6, 1941 - January 26, 1953 Harlow H. Curtice -- February 2, 1953 - August 31, 1958 John F. Gordon -- September 1, 1958 - May 31, 1965 James M. Roche -- June 1, 1965 - October 31, 1967 Edward N. Cole -- November 1, 1967 - September 30, 1974 Elliott M. Estes -- October 1, 1974 - January 31, 1981 F. James McDonald -- February 1, 1981 - August 31, 1987 Robert C. Stempel -- September 1, 1987 - July 31, 1990 Lloyd E. Reuss -- August 1, 1990 - April 6, 1992 John F. "Jack" Smith, Jr. -- April 6, 1992 - October 5, 1998 G. Richard Wagoner, Jr. -- October 5, 1998 - April 30, 2003 Frederick A. "Fritz" Henderson -- March 3, 2008 - December 1, 2009
[56]

CODES OF GM-HISTORY:

Creation: 1897-1909 Acceleration: 1910-1929 Emotion: 1930 - 1959 Revolution: 1960-1979 Globalization: 1980-1999 Innovation & Challenges: 2000-2008 Today's General Motors
Upcoming GM Vechicles: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Chervolet-Traverse Chervolet-Spark Chervolet-Impla Buick-Encore GMC-acadia&acadia denali GMC-Terrain Denali Cadillac-ELR and ATS