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Mohammad N. Almasri
1 Optimal Design of Water Distribution Networks Mohammad N. Almasri, PhD An-Najah National University
Introduction
This presentation focuses on two issues: p
The simulation of water distribution networks (WDNs) using EPANET The optimal design of water distribution networks
Definitions
A WDN is comprised of a number of links connected together to form loops or branches These links contain pumps, fittings, valves, etc.. h l k f l Links: A link is a segment of the network that has a constant flow and no branches. Each link may contain one or more pipes ( h different (with d ff diameters) connected in series Pipes: A pipe is a segment of a link that has a constant fl flow, constant di diameter, and no d branches
3 Optimal Design of Water Distribution Networks Mohammad N. Almasri, PhD An-Najah National University
D1
A pipe
D3 L3
D2 L2
D1 L1
A link
L
4 Optimal Design of Water Distribution Networks Mohammad N. Almasri, PhD An-Najah National University
Definitions
Nodes: They are the end points of the pipe sections where two or more l k are joined. h links d Water can enter or leave the network at these nodes Loops: Th loop is a closed circuit consists of a L The l i l d i i i f series of links in which the demand nodes are supplied from more than one pipe The Th path: I represents the way or the route h It h h through which the demand nodes are reached from the source nodes
5 Optimal Design of Water Distribution Networks Mohammad N. Almasri, PhD An-Najah National University
Q1 + Q2 = Q3 + D D = Q1 + Q2 - Q3
hf1
hf4
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Branched WDNs
[1] 2
[2] 3
In branched WDNs, there is only one path (route) y p ( ) from the source node to each node How can we compute the flow in each link? fl i h li k?
[3]
Branched WDNs
What is the flow in each link?
[1] 2
[2] 3
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[ ] [3]
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Looped WDNs
More than one path to each node In looped network, how can we compute the flow in each link?
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Q h f = 162.5 C HW
1.852
4.87
Cast Iron:
New: 130 5 year old: 120 10 year old: 110
hf: head loss (m); L: pipe length (m) D: pipe diameter (in) Q: is flowrate in the pipe (m3/h) CHW: Hazen Williams coefficient (-)
Plastic: 150
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What is EPANET?
EPANET is a program for analyzing the hydraulic and water quality behavior of WDNs t lit b h i f WDN Developed by the US Environmental Protection D l d b th E i t l P t ti Agency It is a public domain software that may be freely copied and distributed A complete Users Manual as well as full source code and other updates can be downloaded from: www.epa.gov/ORD/NRMRL/wswrd/epanet.html p g / / / / p
14 Optimal Design of Water Distribution Networks Mohammad N. Almasri, PhD An-Najah National University
Additional outcome includes the simulation of chlorine concentration in each link and at each node
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Elements
Source reservoir p Pumps Pipes Nodes Tanks Valves
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Network Layout
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Note the negative and positive values of flow What does this indicate?
29 Optimal Design of Water Distribution Networks Mohammad N. Almasri, PhD An-Najah National University
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