BASIC ELECTRONICS

PANASONIC HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT CENTRE TRAINER : TAN KAR FAI

INTRODUCTION
What is electronics? Electronics is the study of the flow of electrons. Like charges attract, unlike charges repel.

How does it work?

Attraction of charges depends on the element. For example, Copper is a good conductor. TECH

Ideas for electricity

The flow of electrons is like the flow of water. We can use the water flow analogy to study the flow of electrons

Electricity Terms
Current The amount of electron flow in a circuit. Voltage The force to move the electron. Resistance The element which oppose the flow of electron.

Measurement of Electricity

Prefixes
Scientific notation to indicate small and large numbers.

Electricity formula & laws

Ohms law V=IXR where V = Voltage (Volt) I = Current (Ampere) R = Resistance (Ohm)

Electricity formula & laws

Ohms law Simple way to remember:

Electronic Component
Resistor Battery Capacitor Diode LED Zener Diode Operational Amplifier

Electronic Component
Transformer Meter Lamp Transistor MOSFET Ground

Electricity formula & laws

RESISTORS Series Connection

Voltage Divider

Electricity formula & laws

Parallel Connection

Electricity formula & laws

CAPACITORS Series Connection

Current Divider

Voltage Divider Current leads voltage in capacitive circuit.

Electricity formula & laws

Parallel Connection

Electricity formula & laws

INDUCTORS Inductance in series and parallel connection is same as resistors. Current lags voltage in inductance circuit.

Current Divider Q = CV

AC Circuit

AC Circuit
In alternating current, the polarity reverses again and again at regular intervals. The frequency, denoted f, of a wave is the reciprocal of the period. That is, f = 1/T and T = 1/f. AC equivalent value to DC in volt = (1/2 = 0.707) X AC volt

AC Circuit

Soldering Defects

DEVIATION ( Senget )

DEVIATION ( Senget )

DEVIATION ( Senget )

DEVIATION ( Senget )

FLOATING ( Kaki Terangkat )

Soldering Defects

Soldering Defects

INVERTED ( Terbalik ) FLOATING ( Kaki Terangkat ) FLOATING ( Kaki Ternagkat ) FLOATING ( Kaki Terangkat )

INVERTED ( Terbalik )

INVERTED ( Terbalik )

NO SOLDER ( Tiada Solder ) PART MISSING ( Part Hilang ) PART MISSING ( Part Hilang ) LESS SOLDER (Solder Kekurangan)

NO SOLDER ( Tiada Solder )

LESS SOLDER ( Solder Kekurangan )

Soldering Defects

Soldering Defects

LESS SOLDER ( Solder Kekurangan )

SOLDER DIRTY

( Solder Berkotoran )

SOLDER DIRTY ( Solder Berkotoran )

COPPER LIFTED

( Copper Tertanggal )

COPPER LIFTED

( Copper Tertanggal )

COPPER LIFTED

( Copper Tertanggal )

DRY SOLDER

DRY SOLDER

SOLDER NOT MELT ( Solder Tak Lebur )

EXTRA PART

( Part Berlebihan )

SOLDER BRIDGE

( Solder Bercantum )

NO COPPER

( Tiada Copper )

Soldering Defects

Soldering Defects

SOLDER NOT MELT ( Solder Tak Lebur )

SOLDER NOT MELT ( Solder Tak Lebur )

SOLDER NOT MELT ( Solder Tak Lebur )

PART STANDING ( Part Terangkat )

PART STANDING ( Part Terangkat )

CIRCUIT BROKEN ( Litar Putus )

PCB

WRONG POLARITY ( Salah Polarity )

WRONG POLARITY ( Salah Polarity )

LEG BEND

( Kaki Bengkok )

RESIST LESS ( Resist Berkurangan )

ELECTRO STATIC DISCHARGE

ESD = Electro Static Discharge ESDS = Electro Static Discharge Sensitive EPA = ESD Protected Area

An other big phenomenon is thunder, the biggest discharge we know of today. After a hot summers day warm water vapour evaporate upwards and hits the ice crystals in the clouds, a friction happens and the clouds get a positive charging, which have an impact on the negative electrons on the grounds which are pulled upwards. Minus attracts plus. When the air no longer can carry the resistance, a discharge will occur towards ground.

+ + + + + + + + + + + ++
positive

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - negative

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