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441s:1998
Appita Inc.
AusInfo
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Paper manufacturers
Pulp manufacturers
Research interests
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Standards Australia
1 The Crescent,
Homebush NSW 2140 Australia
Contents Page
1 Scope ..................................................... 1
3 Principle ................................................... 1
4 Apparatus .................................................. 1
7 Procedure .................................................. 6
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8 Expression of results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
9 Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Annexes
B Calibration of flowmeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
ii
AS/NZS 1301.441s:1998
Foreword
This standard was prepared by Joint Technical Committee PK/19, Methods of Test for Pulp
and Paper, as a part of AS/NZS 1301, Methods of Test for Pulp and Paper.
This edition cancels and replaces (in Australia) AS 1301.441s—1991 and (in New Zealand)
NZS/AS 1301.441s:1991, Methods of test for pulp and paper Method 441s: Sheffield
roughness of paper.
This revision was necessary due to developments in the instrument for measuring Sheffield
roughness.
Since 1986 the ‘P’ has been omitted from the AS 1301 number identification; but, until all
AS 1301 Standards are reprinted the ‘P’ will continue to appear in some of them.
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iii
AS/NZS 1301.441s:1998
Introduction
This standard describes the apparatus and procedure for determining the surface roughness
of a lot of paper or board with a Sheffield roughness instrument. The Sheffield instrument
determines roughness by measuring the rate of air leakage across two circular land areas
placed on the paper under specified load and under conditions of controlled air pressure. The
results are preferably expressed in mL/min; however, it is acceptable to express the result in
Sheffield scale units, provided the report includes a formula for conversion of Sheffield units
to mL/min.
Similar standards are CPPA D.29 (1993) and TAPPI T 538 om-96.
iv
AS/NZS 1301.441s:1998
This standard sets out a method to determine the Sheffield roughness of paper and board.
2 Normative references
The following Standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute
provisions of AS/NZS 1301.441s. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were
valid. All standards are subject to revisions, and parties to agreements based on AS/NZS
1301.441s are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions
of the standards indicated below.
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AS
1301.P414m — 1986, Conditioning of paper for testing
3 Principle
A test piece is clamped between a flat glass plate and two flat concentric circular metal lands.
Air is supplied to the space enclosed between the two metal lands and the rate of air flow
between the two lands and the test piece is recorded as a measure of the test piece roughness.
4 Apparatus
4.1 Air supply, capable of supplying air, free from water, oil and other contaminants. Refer
to manufacturer’s instructions for information on the air supply pressure required, as this
depends on the instrument. Pressure regulation down to the working level is an integral part
of all Sheffield instruments.
NOTES
1 — The Sheffield instrument does not have a special compressor as part of the apparatus. If process
air is used it should be passed through an efficient air filter.
2 — At least once daily or before any series of tests, drain any accumulated water from the filter. If
excessive moisture or oil is a problem, leave the drain valve on the filter slightly cracked open for
constant drainage. The air filter element should be changed periodically.
4.2 Sheffield roughness instrument Sheffield instruments that measure air flow rate
either by variable area flowmeters or by electronic mass flowmeters are available; however,
all Sheffield instruments have the features described in clauses 4.2.1 to 4.2.5. Figure 1 shows
the variable area flowmeter instrument, while figure 2 shows the electronic mass flowmeter
instrument. Refer to annex A for the procedure for the care of the Sheffield roughness tester.
4.2.1 A means of regulating pressure, from the supply pressure down to the working level.
COPYRIGHT 1
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