AS/NZS 1301.

447s:1998

Australian/New Zealand Standard™

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Methods of test for pulp and paper

Method 447s: Sheffield air

permeance of paper and board
 AS/NZS 1301.447s:1998

This Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard was prepared by Joint Technical

Committee PK/19, Methods of Test for Pulp and Paper. It was approved on behalf of
the Council of Standards Australia on 17 April 1998 and on behalf of the Council of
Standards New Zealand on 14 April 1998. It was published on 5 July 1998.

The following interests are represented on Committee PK/19:

Appita Inc.
Australian Government Publishing Service
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CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products

National Association of Forest Industries
New Zealand Forest Research Institute
New Zealand Pulp and Paper Industry Association
Printing Industries Association of Australia
Pulp and Paper Manufacturers Federation of Australia

Additional interests participating in preparation of Standard:

Paper manufacturers
Pulp manufacturers
Research interests
Manufacturers of paper testing instruments
Suppliers of paper testing instruments

Review of Standards. To keep abreast of progress in industry, Joint Australian/

New Zealand Standards are subject to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue
of amendments or new editions as necessary. It is important therefore that Standards users
ensure that they are in possession of the latest edition, and any amendments thereto.
Full details of all Joint Standards and related publications will be found in the Standards
Australia and Standards New Zealand Catalogue of Publications; this information is
supplemented each month by the magazines ‘The Australian Standard’ and ‘Standards
New Zealand’, which subscribing members receive, and which give details of new
publications, new editions and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards.
Suggestions for improvements to Joint Standards, addressed to the head office of either
Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand, are welcomed. Notification of any
inaccuracy or ambiguity found in a Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard should be made
without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 97146.

 AS/NZS 1301.447s:1998

Australian/New Zealand Standard™

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Methods of test for pulp and paper

Method 447s: Sheffield air

permeance of paper and board

Originated in Australia as AS 1301.P447s—1984.

Final Australian edition AS 1301.447s — 1991.
Originated in New Zealand as NZS/AS 1301.P447s:1984.
Final New Zealand edition NZS/AS 1301.447s:1991.
Jointly revised and designated AS/NZS 1301.447s:1998.

Published jointly by:

Standards Australia
1 The Crescent,
Homebush NSW 2140 Australia

Standards New Zealand

Level 10, Radio New Zealand House,
155 The Terrace,
Wellington 6001 New Zealand
ISBN 0 7337 1975 9
 AS/NZS 1301.447s:1998

Contents
Page
1 Scope ............................................................. 1
2 Normative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
3 Principle ........................................................... 1
4 Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
5 Preparation of test pieces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
6 Internal adjustment of flow meters ......................................... 3
7 Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
8 Expression of results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
9 Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
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Annexes
A Care of the Sheffield air permeance tester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
B Calibration of flow meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

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ii
 AS/NZS 1301.447s:1998

Foreword
This standard was prepared by Joint Technical Committee PK/19, Methods of Test for
Pulp and Paper, as a part of AS/NZS 1301, Methods of Test for Pulp and Paper.
This edition cancels and replaces AS 1301.447s — 1991 in Australia and
NZS/AS 1301.447s:1991 in New Zealand.
This revision was necessary due to developments in the instrument for measuring
Sheffield air permeance.
Since 1986 the ‘P’ has been omitted from the AS 1301 number identification; but, until
all AS 1301 Standards are reprinted the ‘P’ will continue to appear in some of them.
Annexes A and B form integral parts of this standard.
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iii
 AS/NZS 1301.447s:1998

Introduction
This standard describes the apparatus and procedure for the determination of the air
permeance of a lot of paper or board with a Sheffield instrument. The test piece is
clamped between a pair of plates which expose a known area of paper to a pressure-
controlled air supply. The rate of flow of air through the paper, as indicated in Sheffield
units on a flow meter, can be converted to mL/min using a calibration graph and the test
result calculated as µm/(Pa.s). The results should be expressed in µm/(Pa.s); however, it is
acceptable to express the result in Sheffield scale units provided the report includes a
formula for conversion of Sheffield units to mL/min.
This standard conforms to ISO 5636-4:1986, Paper and board — Determination of air
permeance (medium range), Part 4: Sheffield method, except that the ISO standard
requires that volumes measured during calibration of the flow meters be corrected to
standard temperature and pressure. However ISO decided in 1986 to revise ISO 5636-4,
which required measurement of volumes at operating pressure. The revision has not yet
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been published. In addition, ISO 5636-4 does not allow the option of reporting the result
in Sheffield units.
Another similar standard is TAPPI T 547 pm-88.

iv
 AS/NZS 1301.447s:1998

Sheffield air permeance of paper and board

1 Scope

This standard sets out a method to be used to determine the Sheffield air permeance of
paper and board.

2 Normative references

The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text,
constitute provisions of AS/NZS 1301.447s. At the time of publication, the editions
indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revisions, and parties to agreements
based on AS/NZS 1301.447s are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the
most recent editions of the standards indicated below.
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AS
1301.P414m—1986, Conditioning of paper for testing

1301.P415m—1985, Standard atmosphere for paper testing

1301.417s — 1992, Sampling paper, board and pulp for testing

3 Principle

A test piece is clamped between two rubber orifice plates of known dimensions, with the
absolute air pressure on one side of the test area of the test piece equivalent to
atmospheric pressure and the difference in pressure between the two sides of the piece
maintained at a small but substantially constant value during the test. The flow of air
through the test area, in a specified time, is determined and the air permeance is
calculated.

4 Apparatus

4.1 Air supply, capable of supplying air, free from water, oil and other contaminants.
Refer to manufacturer’s instructions for information on the air supply pressure required,
as this depends on the instrument. Pressure regulation down to the working level is an
integral part of all Sheffield instruments.

NOTES

1 — The Sheffield instrument does not have a special compressor as part of the apparatus. If
process air is used it should be passed through an efficient air filter.

2 — At least once daily or before any series of tests, drain any accumulated water from the filter.
If excessive moisture or oil is a problem, leave the drain valve on the filter slightly cracked open
for constant drainage. The air filter element should be changed periodically.

4.2 Sheffield air permeance instrument Sheffield instruments, which measure airflow
rate either by variable area flow meters or by an electronic mass flow meter, are available;
however, all Sheffield instruments have the features described in clauses 4.2.1 to 4.2.5.
Figure 1 shows the variable area flow meter instrument, while figure 2 shows the
electronic mass flow meter instrument.

COPYRIGHT 1
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AS/NZS 1301.447s:1998, Methods of test for pulp

and paper Sheffield air permeance of paper and
board
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