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Introduction
Engineering systems often comprise complicated assemblies of components, which can have complex behaviours that are difficult to predict
ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
MG Lipsett, 2011
ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
What is Modeling?
A model is a representation of knowledge
Rules, physical analogs, algebraic equations of physical laws
A system is a bounded region comprising known elements that each interact in understandable ways Applied numerical modeling has joined empirical experimentation and analytical methods for solving problems of mathematical physics The types of systems of interest in this course include: Models of physical systems
Mechanical, electrical, thermal, structural, hydraulic, etc. Combinations of different physical systems (mixed systems)
ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
What is Simulation?
Simulations are solutions of equations that are functions of time For continuous systems, we develop (and solve) differential equations Examples:
Vehicle dynamics Thermofluid interactions Industrial processes Biological processes Climate change, and so on, and so on,
ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
Defining the system Uncertainty Sensitivity Modeling the Parameter identification system Statistical analysis Geometry and mesh/network Governing equations & analysis Numerical approximation Algorithms for solving
Validation / Verification
(Adapted from A. Quarteroni, Mathematical Models in Science and Engineering, Notices of the American Mathematical Society Jan 2009)
MG Lipsett, 2011
ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
Decision
Assessment of Performance of proposed solution
Design
Modeling to predict how a design will perform is key to a successful solution
MG Lipsett, 2011
ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
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ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
ENGM 541 Labs: 5% ENGM 541 Project: 15% (ENGM 670 & MECE 758: 20%)
Individual, criteria to be announced, due April 6 2011 (before the exam)
Examinations will be open book & open notes Calculators are allowed but communication features must be turned off (no computers)
MG Lipsett, 2011
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ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
More assignment problems Additional scope for the individual project Different exam questions
MG Lipsett, 2011
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ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
Lab attendance is not required; but you are responsible for being able to do the Matlab coding covered in the labs Project: 20%
Individual, criteria to be announced, due April 6 2011 (before the exam)
Examinations will be open book & open notes Calculators are allowed but communication features must be turned off (no computers)
MG Lipsett, 2011
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ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
This is a demanding course but you will gain a valuable approach to analysis and design We have to unlearn some things to do general systems analysis correctly We will also learn by doing Ill do my best to be interesting
MG Lipsett, 2011
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ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
Do the right thing. It will gratify some people and astonish the rest. -Mark Twain
MG Lipsett, 2011
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ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
Industrial Experience
Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd (R&D in robotic inspection, hazardous waste site remediation, reliability) Syncrude Canada Ltd (mining automation & space robotics teleoperation, extraction process R&D, mine maintenance & reliability) Seven years in leadership and management roles (Operations, R&D, Projects)
MG Lipsett, 2011
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ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
Engineering Analysis
Types of analysis:
Once a model has been developed, then numerical procedures can be used to study system behaviour using computers
MG Lipsett, 2011
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ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
This is an inherently continuous structure. When we analyse this beam for deflections, natural frequencies, etc., we can start from one of two approaches.
MG Lipsett, 2011
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ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
LumpedLumped-Parameter Model
The properties of the continuous system are visualised as being separate from one another
We find a set of algebraic equations from which we can determine the deflections The price we pay is one of approximating the physical system at the modeling level.
MG Lipsett, 2011
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ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
Continuous Model
Alternatively, the beam is modeled by deriving differential equations that represent the continuous system
The solution to the differential equations requires that they be approximated by algebraic equations (e.g. finite difference expressions), for almost all non-trivial cases
MG Lipsett, 2011
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ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
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ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
Equilibrium Problems for Lumped-Parameter Systems Lumped We are looking for steady-state solutions to problems where the continuous system has been modeled using lumped parameters. We are concerned with systems of interconnected elements. elements The elements within the problem have properties that we must know before we can proceed. Elements are connected at nodes. Here is an example of a system network:
Loops are paths that start at a particular node, pass through a number of elements, and return to the original node.
MG Lipsett, 2011
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ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
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The loop and node variables are related by the constitutive relationships of the elements.
MG Lipsett, 2011
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ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
MG Lipsett, 2011
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ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
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3. Sketch:
MG Lipsett, 2011
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ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
3. Sketch:
MG Lipsett, 2011
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ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
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Admissibility Laws
The node laws satisfy the admissibility requirement that the node variable is conserved at a node
The loop laws are similar (but different). Loop variables are governed by loop admissibility laws that require the value of the loop variable at a node to have only one value
MG Lipsett, 2011
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ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
MG Lipsett, 2011
ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
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R1
MG Lipsett, 2011
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ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
Mechanical
Electrical
Fluid Flow
Heat Transfer
MG Lipsett, 2011
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ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
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MG Lipsett, 2011
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ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
K/6
K/6
2P K/3 K/2
MG Lipsett, 2011
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ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
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MG Lipsett, 2011
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ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
K/6
K/6
2P K/3 K/2
MG Lipsett, 2011
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ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
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MG Lipsett, 2011
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ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
MG Lipsett, 2011
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ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
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MG Lipsett, 2011
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ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
K/6
2P K/3 K/2
MG Lipsett, 2011
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ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
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MG Lipsett, 2011
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ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
MG Lipsett, 2011
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ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
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MG Lipsett, 2011
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ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
Extremum Functions
The other way of formulating the equations governing systems is to use extremum functions. This includes energy methods. We make up a scalar function from the constitutive relationships of all the elements in the system, and search for an extreme value of the function (e.g. minimum potential energy). We go back to our original definition of a constitutive relationship to define two quantities:
1. Content U (energy) 2. Co-Content U* (co-energy)
MG Lipsett, 2011
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ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
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Energy
Area under the curve is the energy U in the element: We write p (which is a node variable) as a function of q (loop variable) and U becomes a function of q only.
MG Lipsett, 2011
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ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
Co-Energy Co-
For all sets of state variables satisfying node (loop) admissibility, those also satisfying loop (node) admissibility will render the co-energy (energy) an extreme value.
MG Lipsett, 2011
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ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
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ENGM 541, ENGM 670-X5, MECE 758-X5 Modeling and Simulation of Engineering Systems Lecture 1: Course Introduction; Lumped-Parameter Equilibrium Systems
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