The Dated European Coinage Prior To 1501 / by Albert R. Frey

THE DATED EUROPEAN COINAGE
PRIOR TO
1501.
>ft/
By
ALBERT
B^ FREY.
A.
P.
R.
FREY
BOX 1875 NEW YORK CITY

O.
No.
179.
THE EARLIEST DATED THALER.
NEW
YORK.
1014.
THE DATED EUROPEAN COINAGE

PRIOR TO
By
1501
ALBERT
R.
FREY
HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION
Probably the most important incident that characterized the fifteenth century was the conquest of Constantinople by the Turks in 1453, and the consequent termination of the Eastern or Byzantine emThe history of the other European States during this period pire. while interesting, is insignificant in comparison to the rise and growth of the Ottoman empire. France and England finally reached an agreement in their struggles for supremacy, the English retaining Calais only. Hardly had this been accomplished when the House of York began to aspire to the crown, and by their ambitious views they inaugurated the u Civil Wars of the Roses." The House of Tudor under Henry VII began in 1485. France enlarged her territory under Louis XI by the conquest of Burgundy, Provence and Anjou. The three Scandinavian kingdoms, Denmark, Sweden and Norway were joined under Margaret by the union of Kalmar in 1397; but The Low Countries in 1435 Sweden withdrew from this arrangement. included a number of independent dukedoms, such as Brabant, Flanders, Grelderland, Holland, Zeeland, etc., which eventually became subject to the House of Hapsburg, and the seventeen provinces were united under Charles V during the succeeding century. It was their most flourishing period of trade, and Bruges and Ghent were the great
commercial centres. Throughout the Holy Roman Empire the followers of Johann Huss of Bohemia refused to acknowledge the Emperor Sigismund, which led In 1438 the line of to the Hussite Wars, lasting from 1419 to 1436. Hapsburg succeeded to the throne under Albrecht II and a union of Bohemia and Hungary with the Empire was effected. His successor,
The Dated Eueopean Coinage Prior to
1501
Frederick III, however, could not prevent the newly acquired territories from electing native rulers. The most notable of these, Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, defeated the Turks at Vienna in 1485. In Russia Ivan I threw off the Mogul yoke and took the title of Czar upon his accession to the throne in 1462. The marriage of Ferdinand, the Catholic, and Isabella of Castile in 1469, led to the union of the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon, and in 1492 Granada, the last Moorish Kingdom in Spain was taken and annexed to Castile. The Medici family of Florence were supreme throughout Italy during this century. Cosirno became head of the Republic in 1434 and was His grandson, Lorenzo, "II Maga patron of the arts and sciences. iiiAco," succeeded in 1464 and was a poet and writer of no mean rank. The House of Sforza flourished in Milan, Francisco being Duke in 1450 and Galeazzo in 1466. The great theologians of the period include Johann Huss, Martin Luther, Thomas Cramner, and Erasmus. Savonarola occupies a place by The principal writers were Francois Villon, the witty French himself. Hans poet; Sebastian Brandt, the author of the "Ship of Fools;' Sachs, the shoemaker and poet of Nuremburg and Ludovico Ariosto, remains a classic to this day. The fine whose kk Orlando Furioso arts were represented by the brothers Hubert and Jan Van Eyck, the founders of the Flemish school of painting; Hans Holbein, the Elder in Grermany, and the three great Italian masters, Leonardo da Vinci, Michael Angelo, and Raphael. Kopernicus, the astronomer, and Machia velli, the statesman, were also of this century. To Germany belongs the credit for the only great inventions of the age we are speaking of. Gruttenberg's name will always be associated with printing, and Peter Hele of Nuremburg invented watches about The Portuguese on the other hand made practically all of their 1477. geographical discoveries and added vastly to our knowledge of Asia and America. The Canary Islands, Madeira, and the Azores were all discovered by them early in this century, and in 1444 they sighted Nuno Bartholomew Diaz discovTristao, the Cape Verde islands of to-day. ered the Cape of Good Hope in 1486, and the same point was circumnavigated by Vasco da Grama in 1498, who continued from thence to the East Indies. The discoveries by Columbus in the Western Continent are so well known that they need not be recapitulated.
;
'
Europe may be said to begin in the early part of the eighth century, on the conquest of Spain by the Arabs under Tarik in 711. There are a number of Spanish Mohammadan gold
The dated Mediaeval coinage
of
The Dated European Coinage Prior to

coins extant bearing dates or " indiction "
1501
numbers prior to the year one hundred of the Hijra with Latin legends of the type and character in use for some years previously in Africa. The earliest dated of these Spanish pieces and probably the earliest dated Mediaeval coin struck in Europe is as follows: Gold Solidus. Year 93 A. H. (711 A. D.) Obv. Margin ins. H2ADFRTIN2PNANNXCIII
OCX Rev. Margin ins. INNDINND2N2D222 In centre, An eight rayed star.
In centre,
IN
NDSA
These abbreviations may be translated as follows: Hie SoLiDus FeEiTus IN SPaNia ANNo XCIII INDiCtione IN Nomine Domini NoN DeuS NiSi Dei/.S SoluS Non DeuS Alius. There exists another positive date, that of the year 98 A. H. (716 A. D.) This is a bi -lingual piece with the date written out in Arabic. From the time of the fall of the Ommiades at Baghdad and the continuation of that line in Spain in the latter half of the eighth century, we have a very extensive series of dated Hispano -Arabic coins, those issued by the Almohades being
about the only exception.
Although the Christian nations had the example of dated coins set before them by the Mohammadans, they seem to have disregarded it for several centuries, and probably when they did begin to place dates on their money it was not Moslem influence that brought it about, because in several instances, prior to the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, the Christians dated some of their coins as we shall see later. It can be said that the Arabs began the practice almost from the inception of their coinage. The first pieces they struck were in copper For the most part they were unin imitation of those of Byzantium. We know of one with anno xvii dated, but we find a few exceptions. This is probably an actual date and not a copy of some (638 A. D.) prototype, as others are found dated ka (= 21 or 611 A. D.) and st: (= 23 or 613 A. D.) On the conquest of Persia in 610 A. D., coins based on the old Sassanian models were issued by the Arabs for that province. These bear an almost continuous line of dates in Pehlevi from the year 20 of the Hijra, or 610 of our era, to the end of this especial coinage. The Caliphate probably began to strike money with regularity about 73 coinage A. H., or 692 A. D., when their own distinctive or "reform Since then all Mohammadan dynasties have as it is known, began.
'
almost invariably dated their issues. Foreign nations, in their relations with the Mohammadans, have seen fit to issue coins in imitation of Moslem money, and in the few
1501
instances of this practice in Mediaeval times these coins have invariably been dated, while the issues with Christian types have remained unOne of the earliest instances is the gold mancus of Off a of dated. Mercia. This is a close copy of an Abbaside dinar but with off a rex
157 A. H. (774 A. D.) This date possibly may have no significance, the whole inscription being copied in detail, nevertheless it falls within the reign of this Mercian monarch, who, by the way, dated none of his own indigenous coins.
added, and bears the
Mohammadan date
In the eleventh century the Normans began to overrun Sicily and Southern Italy, and gradually drove out the Arabs who had been entrenched there for several centuries. These later invaders issued coins bearing Arabic legends as well as their own Christian types. Those of Moslem fabric were invariably dated, the earliest being so poorly written that the legends are indecipherable. About the first legible coins are gold pieces of Roger I, Count of Sicily, struck at Messina in 485 A. H. (1092 A. D.) He and his successors coined pieces with Arabic legends for a number of years, the dates always being in the Mohammadan era. On the other hand those pieces which bear Latin inscripThere is however a silver concave tions are invariably without date. ducat of Roger II, struck at Brindisi, which has a regnal date.
Obv. Bust of Christ facing,
(Iesus Christies
XIC. XC.
RG
IN.
AETRN
Regnat in aeternum) Rev. Roger II and his son the Duke of Apulia jointly holding a at left, R. DX. AP. (Rogcross: at right, RR SLE. (Rogerius Rex Siciliae) in field, vertically, ANRX (Anno regni decimo) erius Dux Apaliae) 1140 A. D.
;
;
the northern Christian kingdoms of the Iberian peninsula gradually became stronger they slowly drove the ever -weakening Moorish dynasties before them. Alfonso VIII found there many Mohammadan
subjects under his sway, and issued gold pieces with Arabic inscripAs the legends on these pieces are Christian in their sentiment, tions. though based on the stereotyped formula used on Mussalman coins, we
As
think
it
of interest to give a translation.
Gold marabotin Alfonsin or dinar.

Obv. Centre ins. The pontiff of the church of the Messiah, the Popje.
ALF
Marginal
the
ins.
In the name of the Father and of the Son and of

that believeth
Holy Ghost, one God, He
and
is
baptized shall be saved.
Rev. Centre ins. Prince of the Catholics, Alfonso son of Sancho, God help him and protect him.
may
1501
Marginal ins. This dinar was struck in the city of Toledo in twelve hundred and twenty -three of (the era of) Es-Safar. Es-Safar or the Spanish era is reckoned from January 1, B. C. 38, being the year following the conquest of Spain by Augustus. The above piece was coined in 1185 A. D. There is an almost continuous line of dated dinars from 1223 Safar, through Alfonso's reign and into the time of Henry I, as we find one of these Arabic inscribed gold dated 1255 Es-Safar (1217 A. D.) It is worthy of note that Alfonso struck a dated coin prior to his Arabic emissions. This piece probably commemorates his entrance into Toledo in 1166 A. D.
Silver obolus.
crosslet Cross (i$2X ffiOCQQQQC Cross WOrf^WVSI* (Toledo) The date 1204 corresponds to 1166 of our era. However, Alfonso and his successors did not continue the practice and there was a lapse of several centuries before they resumed the cusa large gold coin of Peter I, the tom. One exception should be noted Cruel, 1350-69, bearing the Spanish date 1398 (1360 A. D.)
Obv. In centre. Rev. In centre.
Gold, ten doblas. Obv. Bust of the king.
+ OOmiI>VjS
miOJcil
Hh
TZVXVrj}0^
!
Rev. Quartered arms of Castile and Leon.
^^^VjS
O0I
rtxxxx viii We now come
to another series of dated coins, and, although not
struck in Europe, they bear the dates of the Christian era. These are the gold dinars or besants with Arabic inscriptions struck at Saint Jean d'Acre by the Crusaders, in imitation of the dinars of the Fathimides.
Gold dinar.
Obv. Centre ins. There
is
but one God.
Inner margin. The Father and the Son and the Holy Ghost. Outer margin. Struck at Acre in the year one thousand ttvo hundred and fifty -one of the Incarnation of our Lord the Messiah.
Rev. Centre.
Cross.
We are glorified by the cross of our Outer and inner margins. Lord Jesus the Messiah from whom is our salvation, our eternal life, and our resurrection, and by whom we have been delivered and pardoned. Other dinars are known with the dates 1253, 1254, 1257, 1259. Silver pieces exist, copied from dirhems of the Ayoubite prince Imad-edDin
Ismail.

Silver dirhem.
1501
Obv. Struck at Acre in the year one thousand ttvo hundred and fifty one of the Incarnation of the Messiah. One Lord, one faith, one baptism. [The well known saying of St Paul, Ephesians iv: 5.]
Rev, The Father and the Son and the Holy Ghost, one God.
to
Glory be
God
for ever
and
ever,
Amen, Amen, Amen,

principalities did not date
The various Crusader

coins.
It is a
any
of their other
remarkable fact that while the dinars just enumerated were being issued in the old Syrian town of Akka a unique coin with a date should have been put forth in the northern portion of Europe.
This silver penny or denier bears on the obverse a bishop's hat i and on the reverse a crown with anno domi with * M: ccxx It is described in the Danske Mynter as probably issued by Niels Stigsen, the Bishop of Roskilde (1225-1249) under Waldemar II. Mader, however, would read the date as 1248, which would bring it to the reign of Erik VI. Plovpenning. More than a century now elapses before another revival of dated coinage occurs, and in the following pages the principal specimens of The majority of them are not in the this period are enumerated. cabinets of collectors in this country, and consequently it was a matter
. . .
.
of considerable difficulty to obtain accurate descriptions, as catalogues and other books of reference had to be relied on. Special thanks are
due to Dr. P. Weinmeister of Leipzig for supplying notes on many of the German series to Mr. Howland Wood of New York, who has contributed the information relative to the Mohammadan issues in this preface, and to Mr. J. de Lagerberg of Passaic, N. J., for his memoranda on the Scandinavian coins. The arrangement followed is a chronological one, and for the sake of uniformity the side bearing the date has always been catalogued as the obverse, although this practice conflicts in some instances with prevalent customs in Europe. Minor varieties have not been considered and medals are excluded. Lastly, the thaler of Mainz dated 1438 (Schult.-R., No. 3488, Reimmann No. 2331) has been purposely omitted as it is now generally conceded that it was one of Becker's fabrications.
also
;
LIST OF AUTHORITIES CITED

Bohl, J. Die Trierischen Miinzen: chronologisch geordnet und beschrieben. Mit 10 Tafeln. Zweite Aunage. Coblenz, 1847. Cappe, H. P. Beschreibung der Colnischen Miinzen des Mittelalters. DresCappe
Bohl
Beschreibung der Mainzer Miinzen des Dresden, 1856. Die Miinzen der Stadt und des Bisthums Hildesheim. Dresden, 1855.
Mittelalters.
den, 1853.
Recherches sur les monnaies des comtes de Namur. Bruxelles, 1860, Chalon, R. Chestret de Haneffe, J. de. Numismatique de la principaute de Chestret Avec supplement. Bruxde Liege et de ses dependances (Bouillon, Looz).
elles,
1890-1900.
:
Farina
= Die Sammlung Carl Farina, Coin enthaltend Brandenburg-Preussen, WestMit 6 Tafeln. Frankfurt a/M, 1893. phalen und die rheinischen Lander. Gaedechens = Gaedechens, O. C, von. Hamburger Miinzen und Medaillen. Hamburg, 1843-74. 3 Bande mit Abbildungen. Beitriige zum Groschen-Cabinet. 3 Theile in 2 Banden mit Gotz = Gotz, Chr. Dresden, 1811. 2 Tafeln. Grote = Grote und Holzermann. Lippische Geld- und Munzgeschichte. Leip1867. Haller = Haller, G. E., von. Schweizerisches Miinz- und Medaillen-Kabinet. 2 Bande mit 12 Tafeln. Bern, 1780-81. Histor.-krit. Beschreibung C. C. Hoffmeister = Hoffmeister, bis jetzt
J.
zig,
J.
aller
bekannten Hessischen Miinzen, Medaillen und Marken in geneal.-chronolog. Leipzig u. Hannover, 1857-80. 4 Bande. mit 9 Tafeln. Folge. Paul Joseph. Goldmiinzen des XIV. und XV. Jahrhunderts nebst Joseph urkundlichen Beitragen zur Munzgeschichte der Rheinlande. Mit 4 Tafeln. Frankfurt a/M., 1882. Joseph, P. u. E. Fellner. Die Miinzen u. Medaillen von Frankfurt J. and F. Supplementband mit 11 Tafeln. a/M. Mit 75 Tafeln. Frankfurt, 1896. 3 Bande. 1903. Jungk, H. Die Bremischen Miinzen. Miinzen u. Medaillen d. Erz bisthums Jungk 39 Tafeln. Bremen, 1875. u. d. Stadt Bremen m. geschichtl. Einleitungen. Inn u. Knyphausen, Karl Graf zu. Miinzen- u. MedaillenKnyphausen Hannover, 1872-77. 2 Bande mit 10 Tafeln. Kabinet.
Kohler
= =
Kohler,
J.
T.
Vollstandiges
Ducaten-Cabinet.
Theile.
Hannover,
1759-60.
Die Mittelalter Miinzen der Stadt Aachen. Lietzmann, R. Lohner. Die Miinzen der Republik Bern. Lohner
1501
Madai
Madai, D.
Mit Kupfern. Merle Beschreibung der Kollnischen Miinzsamlung des Domherrn und Kurfiirstl. Kolln, 1792. Praesidenten von Merle. Meyer Catalog der von deni verstorbenen Herrn Adolph Meyer-Gedanensis in Berlin Frankfurt a/M., 1894. hinterlassenen Miinzen- und Medaillen-Sammlung.
Vollstandiges Thaler-Cabinet. Konigsberg, 1765-74.

S.
3 Theile u. 3 Fortsetzungen.
= =
v.
Mieris
N. Z.
Mieris. Histori der Nederlandsclie Vorsten, sedert Graf 3 Bande. Graavenh., 1732-35. Albert tot den Dood van Keizer Karl V. Herausgegeben von der Wiener Numismatischen Numisinatische Zeitsehrift.
v.
= Franz
Gesellschaft.
Oldenburg
Pichler
= Beskrifning ofver
Pichler, Fr.
6 Tafeln.
J. F.
H. Oldenburgs Samling.
Stockholm, 1883.
2 Theile in 1
=
=
Band.
Repertorium d. steierischen Miinzkunde. Grate, 1865-67.
Reimmann
Satjrma
nover.
Miinzen- und Medaillen-Cabinet des Justitzraths Frankfurt a/M., 1891. 3 Bande mit Tafeln.
Reimmann
in
Han-
Die Saurmasche Miinzsammlung deutscher, schweizerischer und polnischer Geprage von etwa dem Beginn der Groschenzeit bis zur Kipperperiode. Mit 104 Tafeln. Berlin, 1892.
Schult. R. == Schulthess-Rechberg. Thaler-Cabinet. Beschreibung allerbekannt gewordenen Thaler, worin auch alle diejenigen Stiicke aufgenommen wurden, welche in Madai's Thaler-Cabinet beschrieben sind. 3 Bande in 5 Thin. Wien,
1840-67.
Soothe Soothe, J. C, Hamburg, 1784.

v. D.
v.
Auserlesenes
u.
hochst ansehnliches Ducaten-Cabinet.
Chijs Chijs, P. O., van der. De munten der voormalige Heeren en Steden van Overijssel. Mit 21 Tafeln. Haarlem, 1854. De munten van Friesland, Groningen en Drenthe. Mit 22 Tafeln. Haar-
lem, 1855. De munten der voormalige Graafschappen Holland en Zeeland. Mit 44 Tafeln. Haarlem, 1858. De munten der Bisschoppen, van de Heerlijkheid en de Stad Utrecht. Mit 31 Tafeln. Haarlem, 1859. De munten der leenen van de voormalige Hertogdommen Braband en Limburg. Mit 33 Tafeln. Haarlem, 1862. De munten der voormalige Heeren en Steden van Gelderland. Mit 23
Tafeln.
Haarlem, 1853.
The Dated European Coinage Prior

1373
1.
to 1501
Aachen.
8.
Long -cross Groschen

Farina 1960.)
of Jungheit.
(Lietzmann
Obv.
7TI>
Long
X)I>im
jBev.
Outer inscription: 2CG VII>Gnn SO ^001) GGGXiXXIII s Inner inscription: MOX> 0^71
cross.
: :
Bust of Charlemagne holding a sceptre and globe; beneath, an * I>V;3 s II?0;7OT. (sic.) eagle and shield. * KftBOXiVJS s ^710 ,
Jungheit, also variously written Jungkeit and Junkheit, was formerly a borough
near Aachen, the burggraves of which exercised the privileges of seigniorage, but at
what period they obtained
this right is
not known.
1374
2.
Aachen.
9.
Long -cross Groschen

Farina 1962.
(Lietzmann
of Jungheit. Meyer 7554.)

:
7YX> X)I>I. m IVX>G ;^[inn
Obv.
Long
cross.
Outer inscription: XG VIX>OI XG ^>0I> 0^7T * OOOXi'KKXJJl: Inner inscription: MOX>

:
Rev. Bust of Charlemagne as on preceding. xyvjs s iiv[:e7OT

1375
3.
* K7T350XiVjS
TOT<3
Aachen.
Long-cross Groschen of Jungheit.

Farina 1963.
(Lietzmann 10.
Meyer 7555.
Saurma 2802.)
:
. . .
7YHO X)I>I XVIiO S(OT

:
Obv.
Long
cross.
Outer inscription: XO VII>G ;B(I> OOO o JjXXV. Inner inscription: MOI> q'TTI
Rev. Bust of Charlemagne holding a sceptre and globe beneath, an I>VJS s IIV<3:H7OT. Minor K7TBOXiV3 ^7T0 eagle and shield.
><
10

;
1501
varieties occur
some have a Maltese

1390
cross * preceding the Emperor's
name.
Schonforst and Sichem.
Gros-tournois.
4.
(v. d. Chijs,
XXIX:
5.)
GOG * * Xs~KKKK
jsoôvoîsnn
Ob v. Long -cross.
Outer inscription: TLTtRO D Inner inscription MOI) 0^71

:
OffiII)I jSGO V OH3

*
ffi
jSHH
:
Bev. Arms, nine pellets in a shield.
* ^TlTtl^X)
X)T}$
>(
jsig;r
Brabant where a seigniorial mint was established under the governorship of Reinhard I (1358-1391). Later it came under the jurisdiction of the
manorial
fief in
Dukes
of Julich.
The name
also occurs as Schoonvorst.
1391
5.
Schonforst and Sichem. Gros-tournois. Farina 1801.) (v. d. Chijs, XXVIII: 3; XXIX: 6. Similar to preceding, but with date I. GGG. IiXX2CSCI.
I.
Issued by Reinhard II (13911419), successor to Reinhard
1392
6.
Schonforst and Sichem.
Gros-tournois.
Similar to preceding.
(Farina 1802.)
1393
7.
Schonforst and Sichem. Gros-tournois. Similar to No. (Farina 1803. v. d. Chijs XXVIII: 4. Saurma 2795.)
1402
5.
8.
Aachen.
Short -cross Groschen.

Farina 1966, 1967.)
(Lietzmann 13, 14.
Obv. Cross dividing inner inscription only.
* TSIXQO
TOIXiriîSimO QQQQ % 0T7t V35B 7TQ0I? inscription: MOI> Bev. Bust as in No. 3. jSGjS KÔIi' HXK
X)OMII?I
Outer inscription: jS(GViyOO. Inner

:
(Î>VjS
X$#7Viy
Aachen, or Aix
la
Chapelle
when
the
were to Urkundenbuch des Niederrheins, (I: 412).
Emperor Frederick I, be accepted in this town according
mentioned as a place of seigniorage as early as 1166, erected a mint there and decreed that all other coins
is
to their respective values.
Vide Lacomblet,
1403
9.
Aachen.

Farina 1968.)
Similar to No.
8.
(Lietzmann 15.

1404
10.
1501
11
Aachen.

Farina 1968.)
Similar to No.
8.
(Lietzmann 16.
1405
11.
Aachen.

Farina 1968.)
Similar to No.
8.
(Lietzmann 17.
J406
12.
Aachen.

1410
Similar to No.
8.
13.
Aachen.

Farina 1976.)
Similar to No.
8.
(Lietzmann 21.
un
11.
Aachen.
22.

Farina 1977.)
In some the Emperor
is
Similar to No.
8.
(Lietzmann
There are
varieties.
holding a globe and sceptre, in
others the model of a church.
J4J2
15.
Aachen.
23.

Farina 1978.)
Similar to No.
8.
(Lietzmann
1418
16.
Aachen.
24.

Farina 1979.)
Similar to No.
8.
(Lietzmann
1419
17.
Aachen.
25.

Farina 1979.)
Similar to No. 8
(Lietzmann
1420
18.
Aachen.
26.

Farina 1980.
8,
(Lietzmann
Meyer 7559.)
8
Similar to No.
with the date
CfGGG
XX
12

1421
19.
1501
Aachen.
27.

Farina 1981.
Similar to No.
8.
(Lietzmann
Meyer 7560.)
1422
Aachen. Short -cross 20. (Lietzmann 28. Farina 1981.)

St. Gallen.
Groschen.
1424
Similar to No.
8.
21.
Plappart.
Gallus.
Obv. Standing figure of St.
JS7raTTVjS (OTZi
IfVjS.
IR2R.
Rev.
Arms
over a floriated cross.
* MOH(T7t: HOV7I: jS:OTOT:
TEDiEI.
This groschen or piece of three Kreuzer was issued by the Benedictine Abbacy of
under Heinrich von Mangisdorf (1417-1426), and is not only the earliest dated Swiss coin known, but the first one bearing Arabic numerals with a Christian To Roger II, King of Sicily must be given the credit for first using the modern era.
St. Gallen,
system of numerals in a date, as a silver coin of

corresponding to 1138 A. D.
in the
this ruler is
known
dated.
533 A. H.
of
As
is
this is a coin
with an Arabic inscription with the date
Mohammadan
era, it is
not necessaay to describe the piece.
Another coin
Roger
II of a Christian type
mentioned in the introduction.

it
In regard to the figures of this date

pears as
should be observed that 2 frequently apof circa 1430.
in early works.
Conf.
Ars Memorandi, a block-book
was
the ordinary form of our present figure 4 until the introduction of printing, although
Leonardo Fibonacci of Pisa in

uses a figure
4-.
Abbaci (written in 1202 and rewritten in 1228), The mathematicians of the fifteenth century gradually straightened
his Liber
the old form and

vail.
we
find it as 9
and ^
in the succeeding century 4 appears to pre-
1425
22.
Koln.
Groschen.
Cappe 1101.)
(Saurma 2707.
Obv. Christ seated on a throne and nnder a canopy.
Below the
7TI?0 8 X)X}1 8 m. 0000. XXV. Rev. Long cross, in the angles the arms of Cologne -Mors, the Palatinate, Mainz, and Trier -Ziegenhain. TJ^CKOia' # TZROm? # GOIr'
arms
of Cologne
and Mors.
Dietrich II von Mors was Archbishop of Cologne from 1414 to 1463, and he had
jurisdiction over mints at
Bonn, Deuz, Koln, Kbnigsdorf, Nonnenwerth, Rhense, Rheinis
bergen, and Riehl.
Koln (Colonia, Coin, Cologne)
one of the oldest
cities in
mint existed there in the third century. There are coins of cl. AGRIP. i. e. Colonia Claudia Aprippina, and varieties with col. cl. aorip. COS. mi.
Germany and a Roman Postumus inscribed col.
1501
13
23.
Groschen. Obv. Christ in a Tabernacle below armorial bearings:
Mainz.
71'
aaaa'
ssv
1)0 DIÎ'
Rev. Design as preceding: GOI>^ 7EOI 71 i?GÎ M7I0' This coin was issued by Konrad III von Dhaun (1419-1434), who controlled the mint at Frankfurt a/M., and when the Electors of the Palatinate would not include him in their confederation they also selected a picture of Christ for their gold and silver
coins.
(
Vide note to No. 27.)
Groschen. Obv. Bust of Christ in a Tabernacle, below the arms of the Palat* * oogo inate-Bavaria. 7Yi>o * x)i>r ifat>. Long cross, in the angles the shields of Mainz, Palatinate Bavaria, Trier -Ziegenhain, and Cologne -Saarwerden. XsVX)
24.
The Palatinate.
ssv
10'
G^ & DV- 2CSB7T

*
Issued by
Ludwig
III,
Elector Palatine from 1410 to 1436.
1426
25.
Koln.
Groschen.
Similar. to No. 22.
(Cappe 1102.)
1429
26.
Gottingen.
(Knyphausen 5507.
Kortling, a variety of Groschen. Saurma 3906.)
Obv.
ifcw.
&
over a cross.
,
0. ÔI>(
7ERO: XXRI: ffi: GGGG: IK>V7T 0OTTi;Q( *

><
XXIX *
Gottingen evidently possessed a mint as early as the middle of the thirteenth century, as in a charter of the town dated 1268 there is mentioned a Bernardus monetarius,
and in another charter of 1330 a solidiis G-ottingensis is referred to. In the chronicles of 1346 occurs the following: pro viginti et septem rnarcis et tertio dimidio fertone puri
argenti G-ottingensis ponderis et valoris.
The town must have taken advantage

Tilemann
Friese, the
of this privilege very shortly afterwards, as
Burgomaster
of Gottingen, in his
Milnzspiegel (p. 168), states
that Kortlinge were issued there in 1360 and 1381 and specifies their weights and The name of the coin is probably derived from " Groschen," lowdegrees of fineness.
" Grote," diminutive " Grotling " obtain " Gortling " and finally "Kortling,"
German
and by the transposition of the

i.
letter r
we
e.
a fractional " Groschen."
14
The Dated European Coinage Priob

1431
27.
to L501
Bingen.
Groschen.
: :
(Saurma 2488.)
CCCC Outer inscription: 7YI>X>0 X)mi XXXI * Inner inscription: moi>6{W7r 811)03 * JBtet*. The archbishop standing, the arms of Main/ and Bingen on each side. aOXVK7T. 2E80fi. 1271.
Obv. Short cross.
:
Konrad
jurisdiction
III
von Dhaun was Archbishop of
.Main/,
from 141!*
to
134,
and he bad
over mints at Bingen, Frankfurt a/M., Heiligenstadt, Hochst, Mainz, and

of the Archbishopric occurs as
Miltenberg.
The name
tia,
Macontia, Magontia, Maguncia, Magun-
etc.
Bingen, a well
early as the reign of
known town
lessen, possessed a mint in the grand-duchy of Charlemagne which was later discontinued. The Archbishop
I
as of
Mainz revived the seigniorage early
in the
fourteenth century.
1432
28.
Koln.
Groschen.
(Cappe 1103, 1104.)
XXXII + 0P *
Outer inscription: * 7YX>PO + Dpi' mOOOO + 3 VI>T Inner inscription * MOP^T^ Rev. The Archbishop standing to his right the armorial shield of Koln, and to the left that of Mors: T^ ÔX)T TiUM *!' CO.
Obv. Short cross.
O.
:
.?.
Issued by Dietrich
II.
Vide No. 22.
1433
29.
Gottingen.
Kortlinff.
Similar to Xo. 26.

1436
g^r^|^
30.
Cleye.
Double Groschen.
(Farina 1517.)
Obv. Cross, with I>OV 8 GXiIV0X>^ s 7TI>0

8 8
WK O
8
8
:
in the angles,
9
mOP0T7Y
DI>I XXXVI of the Duchies of Cleve and Mark. Rev. Arms X)VX 8 aXiIVÎ}' 3 GO 8 X)0 SIM?' K7T
e
* TrDor-îf

Adolph IV
in 1394.
(obit.
1501
15
1448) was created Duke
of
Cleve in 1417, and Count of Mark
31.
Hochst.
(Farina 3057.
Gold gulden. Cappe 604. Reimmann 335.)

Cologne,
*
Obv.
x)X}i
*
Arms oooo
of
*
Trier,
and the Palatinate.
* 711)1^0
xxxvi
7?#$g m'KO'V mo
1459.
Rev. Armorial shields of Mainz and Erbach on a long cross.

*
TI?(0
to
X}0
who was Archbishop
of
Issued by Theodoric I of Erbach,
Mainz from 1434
Vide note to No. 27.
This town on the river Main was annexed to the archbishopric of Mainz in 1351.
Coins were struck here from about 1372 to the middle of the fifteenth century.
32.
Coblentz.
Gold gulden.
of Mainz, Cologne,
(Saurma 2616.)
Obv.
The arms
and the Palatinate.
* TT}T}0
B7YB7T' 7T^G^' TU30'
Rev.
Quartered shields of Trier and Helmstadt on a long cross. * M OX} * GO'
This gulden was issued by Raban von Helmstadt, the Archbishop of Trier from 1430 to 1439. The mints under his jurisdiction were located at Berncastel, Coblentz, Ober Wesel, Offenbach, and Trier. Coblentz from its position at the confluence of the Mosel and the Rhine is referred
to as Conflimge, Confluentia, etc., in early archives. In 1163 Gudenus in his Codex Diplomaticus Moguntiae (II: 16) speaks of a denarius aureus vel duodecim argentei
C onfluentine monete. The city appears to have issued no coins from the end of the twelfth until the establishment of an ecclesiastical mint there early in the fifteenth
century.
Bachaeach. 33. (Kohler 1139.)
Gold gulden.
in the
Palatinate with the dates 1436, 1437, and 1438.
Joseph states that gold gulden were issued by Ludwig IV for Bacharach Vide infra.
1437
34.
Bacharach.
Gold gulden.
Obv.
The
shields of Mainz, Trier,
rangement, in the centre a rosette.
and Cologne in a trefoil ar* 71' X}0 * X)T}V * HV * GGGG *
G'
Rev. Quartered arms of Bavaria -Palatinate on a long cross.

*
'
^'
X)VX & MO
ZiVDV
B'
Vide note to No. 50 infra.
16
The Dated Eueopeax Coinage Prior to

35.
1501
Bacharach.
Albus or Groschen.
(Farina 2481.)
Obv. Bust of St. Peter over the shield of arms of the Palatinate and
Bavaria. 7T * OI?' * SIT * GO OG XXXVII * * IiVDW Rev. Shields in trefoil arrangement. * * 71'
OYS
36.
Q'
* ;>'
33G'
Biehl.
Gold gulden.
Reiinmann 7405.)
(Cappe 1071.
Obv. Shields of Trier, the Palatinate, and

fashion.
Mainz arranged
in trefoil
m?^
T^'c?c
* 7T IK> * plff' * ftV * GGGG * XXXVII * Rev. Quartered arms of Cologne -Mors on a long cross. OBO' BI GOXiO'
TI(0'
note to Xo. 22.
37.
Groxixgex. Gros. (v. d. Chijs X: 44.) Obv. Short cross with five -pointed stars in the angles.
*
:
scription:
scription
ifer.
OT I>Om0I> OOffllQI BÎ>0X)IG^Vm 7YPO X>I>I s m GGGG XXXVII

s 5
Outer inInner inr
Arms, consisting
:
of a double eagle over a shield.
* EOI>0 T"7I
two stuyvers.
Sometimes called Jager

38.
it
was
a base silver coin of the value of
Kolx.
Groschen.
Cappe 1074.)
(Sanrma 2713.
Obv. Seated figure of St. Peter.
7T
DH'
M GGGG XXXVII
Bev. Armorial shields of Mainz, Trier, and the Palatinate, arranged in trefoil fashion. TI?[0:0 7TBGÎ QOXrOI?'
=
39.
Mainz.
Gold gulden.
(Cappe 605.)
(96>\
The
shields of Cologne, the Palatinate,

in the centre
*
and Trier arranged
in trefoil fashion,
period.
7X'
PO
X)!}!
* 12 *
GGGG
XXXVII
Bev. Quartered arms of Mainz -Erbach on a long cross.
K-&M&
1459.
mtxdV MO'
I
HD^Ô'
i>o
who was
the Archbishop of .Mainz from 1434 to
Issued by Theodoric
of Erbach,
40.
Maixz.
Groschen.
(Saurma 2495.)
Inscription similar to the preceding. Obv. St. Peter standing. Rev. Quartered shield over three others arranged in trefoil fashion.
TÔD.
7YJB0Î. m7T'I>.
The Dated Europe ax Coinage Prior to

41. Coblentz. (Soothe 5:26.)
1501
17
Gold gulden.
*
Similar to No. 32, with the date * 7fflHO
ONI
GGGG
XXXVII
42.
Tkiee.
Groschen.
(Saurma 2619.)
Obv. Bust of St. Peter.
Rev. Quartered shields of Mainz, Cologne, and the Palatinate.

Inscriptions similar to No. 32.
43.
Liege.
Billon plak.
(de Chestret 310, 311, 312.)
Obv. Cross potent, resembling Maltese type.
+ 7YNI>0:DOMII?I:
:
MILiXr^jSIO GGGGXXXVII Rev. Quartered arms of the Bishop.

: :
IOI?
0;
LiÔDI^H':
OX' BVX'XiO Z GOM

:
rIOiS
Issued by Jean VIII de Heinsberg,

1455.
half
who was
the Bishop of Liege from 1419 to
They were
also struck in the following year, at
which time there appeared a

in the lettering.
and quarter plak of the same type, and with but slight variations These are the earliest dated coins of the Bishopric of Liege.
44.
Bingen.
Bader albus or Groschen.

titles of
Obv. Similar to No. 27.
Rev. Similar to No. 27, but with the
Theodoric I of Erbach,
Archbishop of Mainz.
45.
Coblentz.
5.
1438 Gold gulden.
Reimmann 7443.) Obv. The arms of Mainz, Cologne, and the Palatinate. * 7TI>0 * :OI>r * m' * GGGG * XXXVIII * Rev. Quartered shields of Trier and Helmstadt on a long cross.
(Bohl
Farina 2315.
S7IB7I
46.
71^0^' av^V MO'

1
GO
Coblentz.
6.
Groschen or Albus.
(Bohl
Saurma 2620.)
QQ XXXVIII 7f XXR' * mQQ Rev. Armorial shields of Mainz, Koln-Mors, and the Palatinate.
Obv. Bust of St. Peter.
*
SmSTT
47.
TrBO^
TB[Vr
GGGG * XXXVIII
TI?(0'
Hochst.
Gold gulden.
Cappe 607.)
(Saurma 2492.
Obv. Armorial shields of Koln, Trier, and the Palatinate in trefoil,

in the centre a star.
1
* 7TI>0
,
X>IgC
1
* SIT *
mSO^ MTTGV' MO' EO

Rev. Armorial shields of Mainz and Erbach on a long cross.
18
The Dated Eueopeax Coixage Prior to
1501
48.
Eiehl.
Gold gulden.
Cappe 1072.
Keiinmann 313.)
* X}I>X" *
(Joseph 48.
Obv. Armorial shields of Trier, the Palatinate, and Mainz, arranged

in trefoil fashion.
* 7TI>0
*
ftV *
COCO * SSSVIII
T330O'
Bee. Quartered shield of Koln-Mors on a long cross.
TtK^*
COX'O mC KT
Moneta
Bilensis.
/.
e.
Theoderieus Arehiepiseopus Col-
oniensis,
Issued by Dietrich II von Mors.
49.
Riehl.
Groschen.
(Saurma 2714.)
Similar to Xo. 22. with

50.
COH
SUO
3?I
on the reverse.
Bachaeach.
Gold gulden.
Joseph 32.)
(Saurma 2421.
Farina 2476.
Obv.
The
shields of Mainz. Trier,
and Cologne in
trefoil fashion.
tipo
Di>r
.
mccccxxxvm
1
iiVr.
G'
;'
Quartered arms of Bavaria -Palatinate on long cross. *>VX B MO' B (i. e. Moneta Bacharacensis) B'
I*VX)Y'
jurisdiction
Issued by
Ludwig IV. Count
Palatine from 1436 to 1449.
He had
of
over mints at Amberg. Bacharach, Heidelberg, Manheim, Nabburg, Neuinarkt, Oppenheim, Yeldenz, and Wachenheim.
Of
these,
the little
town
Nabburg, north
of
Regensburg, can lay claim to the

reign of
scription
earliest coins, as biacteates
Duke Henry
XAPPVEG.
II of Bavaria,
who
ruled from 985 to
were struck there in the 995. These bear the in-
CIVI.
51.
Bachaeach.
Groschen.
*
(Saurma 2426.)
Obe. St. Peter seated.
7T
Rev.
52.
As obverse of Xo.
Gkoningen.
50.
m GG GG XXXVIII Il'VOW' O & 12$ ^S B'

*
XXQ'
Gros.
Similar to Xo. 37.

1439
53.
GrRONINGEN.
GrOS.
g
X: 45. 46.) Similar to Xo. 37. and dated * 7TPO

(v. d. Chijs
DIXT
OGGG
XXXIX
There
is
demi-gros of the same type and date.

1440
1501
19
54.
Geoningen.
Gtos;
Similar to No. 37.

1441
55.
Schonfoest.
Short cross.
8
Groschen.
(Farina 1630.)
Obv.
miXf^jSimO jSOO0I>VO
Rev.
8
QQOQ
^7YB
5H
8
Outer inscription: * 7II>I}0 8 DOfflll?! Inner inscription * ^01)0^ 8 X}OV

:
8 s
Arms
g 8
of Julich
and Berg.
* (>Q^R3$D
OVS
XVXs
mOX> Z GO
Issued by Gerhard VI,
Duke
of Jiilichand
Berg (1437-1475).
1443
Schoneoest. Groschen. Similar to preceding. 56. (Farina 1631. v. d. Chijs XXIX 13.)
:
57.
Bingen.
Groschen.
Similar to No. 27.
(Farina 3058.)
Issued by Theodoric I von Erbach.
58.
Bachaeach.
Similar to No. 51, Palatine is omitted.

59.
Groschen. but on some specimens the name of the Count
Riehl. Groschen. Similar to No. 22, with GOXi

Coblentz.
Groschen.
(Bohl 5.)
SUO
#1 *
on the reverse.
60.
Obv. Half-length figure of St. Peter holding a sceptre in his right * G hand and a key in his left. * 7T X)IV * GGG * XXiIXX *
Rev. Quartered arms of Trier, Mainz, and the Palatinate, in trefoil
arrangement.
death in 1456.
MOI?0'
X>OV7I
GOV0'
Issued by Jakob von Sierk (or Sirk) the Archbishop of Trier from 1439 until his
He was
Chancellor to Rene, King of Xaples, and Bohl states that he
paid his predecessor, Raban von Helmstadt, 100,000 gulden to secure the mitre.
20
The Dated Eueopeax Coixage Peioe to

1444
61.
1501
Eiehl. Groschen. Similar to No. 22, with OOXi
ffiO *
KT * on
the reverse
62.
Bachaeach.
Bixgex.
Groschen.
Similar to No. 50.
(Saurma 2427.
63.
Farina 2480.)
Groschen.
Similar to No. 27.
(Farina 3058.)
64.
Kolx.
Groschen.
Cappe 1106.)
Similar to Nos. 22 and
(Saurma 2715.
65.
Coblextz.
Groschen.
(Saurma 2628.
Farina 2318.)
Obv. St. Peter seated.
I7TKOB
GOGO
XX'IIII.
Rev.
ment.
Arms of Mainz, Trier, and MOI>0 I>OV7I GOV0.

:
:
the Palatinate in trefoil arrangeY)
Vide note
Hildesheim).
to
No. 60.
There are varieties with a crowned
(?
Halberstadt or
66.
Schoxforst.
cross.
s
Groschen.
(Saurma 2981.
Farina 1632.)
Obv. Short
ffill^Îffi
8
GGGO
Outer inscription: + 7IXWRO 8 >0RII?I' Inner inscription: + mOI>0^' o I>OV KXIIII

o
JSGO0I>VO'
Rev. Quartered shield.
+ 0^7M?X)'
Duchy
of Julich
DVS
IVXi'
mOT?
GO
Issued by Gerhard VI, of the
and Berg.
The mint towns were
Berg, Diiren, Julich, Miihlheim, and Schonforst.
Vide note to No. 5b.
1445
67.
Riehl.
Groschen.
(Saurma 2716.)
Similar to No. 22, with
UO
;SI
on the reverse.
Bixgex. 68. (Farina 3058.)

69.
Groschen.
Similar to No. 27.
Bacharach.
Groschen.
Similar to No. 51.
The Dated Eueopeax Coinage Prior to

70.
1501
21
Baer. Florin d'or. Obv. Quartered shield of Utrecht -Moeurs upon

1
cross -pattee.
7ERRO * DOMI
HIQQQ * GXXiV
Rev. Three shields in trefoil fashion; to the left the arms of the Bishop of Utrecht counterstamped with those of Baer; to the right those of Utrecht counterstamped with Lathem; below the evenly divided * I>OV7Y * 7IV^07t * B7I0S * arms of Utrecht -Moeurs.
MOI^TI
Mors (or Moeurs), a disputant for the Bishopric of Utrecht (1417-1456). It belonged to Johann W. Stephanik and was sold with his collection in December, 1904, realizing 90 florins (about $37.00). The piece was described in detail by Alfred Noss in the Blatter fur Miinzfreuncle, 1904. Baer is a fief situated between the towns of Arnheim and Doesburg, and belonged in the fifteenth century to the Counts of Moeurs.
This unique coin was issued by
cle
Walram
71.
Koln.
Groschen.
(Cappe 1107, 1114.)
Similar to Nos. 22 and 38.

scriptions in both
Cappe catalogues specimens with

letters.
in-
Roman and
Gothic
Geaz. Vierer. Obv. Double eagle. * MONETA IN GREX 45 FRI D.GR IMPGRATOR Rev. Arms. The issues of the Holy Roman Empire under Frederick
72.
.
.
III
scribed at length by
Raimann
in the JVumismatische Zeitschrift

:
(1440-1493) are de(XXI 456) and by Dr.

:
Luschin von Ebengreuth in the same journal (XLII
137).
from the thirteenth to the sixteenth cenThe latter term was applied turies, and had a value of four " Berner," hence its name. to diminutive silver coins which were imitations of the deniers of Verona, called in
a silver coin current
The "vierer" was
German Bern, which must not be confused with

1446
73.
the Swiss
town
of a similar name.
Riehl.
Groschen.
Saurma 2717.)
(Cappe 1115.
Similar to No. 22, with date mQQQQ'KTi'Vl

74.
Riehl.
Gold gulden.
(Cappe 1073.)
Obv. Half-length figure of St. Peter * 7t 8 DI>I mOOQa * KXiVI * Rev. Armorial shields of Trier, Mainz, and the Palatinate in trefoil.
mOI)[
IKXV7I
ÎXi0
22

1447
75.
to 1501
Eiehl.
Groschen.
Saurma 2718.)
74.
(Cappe 1109.
Of the same type as the gold gulden No.

76.
Bingen.
Groschen.
Similar to No. 27.
(Farina 3058.)
77.
Bacharach.
Groschen.
"
(Farina 2480.)
Obv. St. Peter seated.
7T
*
*
Rev.
As obverse
of No. 50.
DIff' MOI>['
CT*
GGGG
I>OV7I
*
KXiVII'
*
B7TG^'
Issued by
Ludwig IV
of the Palatinate.
1448
78.
Eiehl.
Groschen.
Cappe 1110.)
Similar to
No
74.
(Saurma 2719.
79.
Coblentz.
6.
Groschen.
*
(Bob!
Saurma 2629.)
Obv. Figure of St. Peter as on No. 60.

*
7T
* X)I>' *
GG GG
XXi VIII *
i?gt\
Same
as No. 60.
80.
Bacharach.
Groschen.
Similar to No. 77.

1449
81.
Bacharach.
Riehl.
Groschen.
Similar to No. 77.
(Farina 2480.)
82.
Groschen.
Similar to No. 74.
(Cappe 1111.)
1450
83.
Bonn.
Groschen.
* 7Y
s
(Cappe 1112.)
Obv. Half-length figure of St. Peter.
X)I>I
mGGGG * Xi.
*
Rev.
As No.
74,
but with the inscription:

this
mOT}$
IÔVTt
svx>x>0r>si3.
The archbishops
of
Cologne had a mint in
town and undated
coins are in ex-
istence from the reign of Siegfried
(1275-1297).
Several issues of the fourteenth
century bear the inscription signum ecclesiae Sancti Cassii Bunensis, in reference to the
church built there and dedicated
to St. Cassius.

1454
84.
(v. d.
1501
23
XIX: 21.) Obv. Long cross with <> in the centre.

48;
8 o
Groningen. Chijs X: 47,
Gros.
211)1)0
GGGG IIIII
X?OV7Y
Rev. Double eagle over shield placed diagonally.
GffODI^DJSIjS
Double and
enumerated.
etc.
half gros, or jager
were also coined

all
in this year,
stood that their issue was co-eval with

Slight varieties exist
;
other issues of
and it is to be underthe Groningen jagers hereafter

in the centre of the cross,
the half omits the
1455
85.
(v. d.
Groningen. Chijs X: 49,

Freiburg.
is is
Jager.
50, 51, 52.)
Similar to preceding,
86.
Kreuzer.
is
This coin
cited on the authorit}^ of Jenner, Die Milnzen der Schiveiz (p. 57).
a misprint for 1555, as the succeeding coin
Possibly the date
dated 1559.
87.
Bolsward.
IV
:
Quarter escalin.
of
(v. d. Chijs
1.)
Frisia, in
town
of
West
eleventh century.
which there are records Vide Xos. 88 and 89.
mint
as
early as
the
1456
88.
Bolsward.
IV:
2.)
Escalin or stuber.
(v. d. Chijs
oô QQQQ
Obv. Cross with

8
B - O - I - jS
o
in the angles.
711)1)0
OOffiX)
I VI *
*
Rev. Double eagle.
mOD^TTT DOVTlV D0 BOI^W0^

8
8
'^Ciij
89.
Bolsward.
IV:
3.)
Half escalin.
OOffil 711)1)0 * mOT}01Hl s >[ 8
(v. d. Chijs
Obv.
Rev.
90.
(v.
As As
preceding. preceding.
I)
I)GG
GO
o
o
IVI,
SOIjSW^DI7t
Groningen. Jager. d. Chijs X: 53.)
Similar to No. 84.
24

91.
1501
Holy Romax Empire.

XXI:
462.)
Achter.
o
(X. Z.
Obv.
Monogram.
+ 7TPPO OOmrpI
1457
Rev. Quartered arms.
I[i?IX)i?IGVjS. BOffi.
XM$&
92. 93.
Groxixgex.
Jager.
Escalin.
Similar to No. 84.
Bolsward.
:
IV 4.) Outer inscription: * jSIT X>Offie[X> DOffi!!?! Obv. Short cross. ÎÔIO' Inner inscription: * 7YPPO DO s mGGGO^VII IX)V7T :8OX'jSW0;R:OI7r 8 Rev. Double eagle. * mOI>0nP7I
(v. d. Chijs
o
% D a
94
Obv.
tion:
Ober - S achsex
Turnosgroschen
(Gotz 3667.)
The Landsberger arms, with cross in the centre. Outer inscripIfloDIc B7IGI7Y TVI?II>00 Iiftl) Inner inscription:
c
7OTNO
OGOG
of
H'VII
crest.
jRet;.
Thuringian
<>;SO;3;3V;S
M7I^GI
MIjSI>0;p,SIjS
The Margraviate
Meissen in 1423 became a part of Kursachsen and the above
coin was issued by Frederick II,
who
received the sobriquet " der Sanftmiitige."
95.
Obv.
Ober -S achsex. Groschen. The Landsberger arms supported by

*
a lion.
* 0;SOjSjSVjS
o
Rev. Lozenge -shaped arms.
OI
0^7TGI7T
A variety issued
(163, 14).
for 5
bv William III and
first
described in the Blatter far Milnzfreunde
The
figures of the date represent the earliest use on
and
T respectively.
and a Both forms are to be found in various manuscripts from the

~\
any coin of
thirteenth to the fifteenth century.
The Ars Memorandi, one

t
of the oldest in a
European
block-books, which goes back to circa 1430 has ^\ and

thius, circa
y\ y
and
manuscript of BoeXo. 21 supra.
1294 the forms J and
/\
are employed.
For
vide note to
1458
96.
Graz.
Achter.
IH GI^X. 58. Arms. MON^TS ;OM7T. IIVU^B * Rev. Double eagle. V^X O' An Imperial issue by the Emperor Frederick III. Vide Xos. 72
Obv.
&
and
91.
Graz. Pfennig. (X. Z. XXI: 462: XLII 186.) Obv. JBXiZ in trefoil arrangement; in the upper angles, Rev. Blank.
97.
:
o\
8.
These small coins were commonly known
as " Schinderlinge."

1459
98.
to 1501
25
(N. Z.
99.
Graz. Pfennig. XXI: 462.) Grontngen.
Similar to preceding, with
oi
9.
Jager.
(v. d. Chijs
XIX
22.)
Long
cross on obverse, otherwise similar to No. 37.
1460
100.
(v. d.
Groningen. Chijs X: 54.)

%
Double Jager.
The date
reads:
7fIK>
XXRI' * 1*000
XiK
101. Wiener Neustadt. (N. Z. XLII: 186.)
Obv. 6
letters
JRev.
0.
i?
and
all
arranged in
trefoil fashion;
below, the
T W.
Blank.
T
letters
The
stand for Teschler Wien.
Nicholas Teschler was the mint-master.
1461
102
Groningen
X:
5b.~)
Jager
(v. d. Chijs
Long cross on 7tRo g xxRi'm

103.
oaaa
obverse, otherwise similar to No. 37.

s
The date
reads:
exi
1462
Grontngen.
XI: 56.)
Jager.
(v. d. Chijs
Long
104.
1463
Groningen. Jager. (v. d. Chijs XI 57, 58.) Long cross on obverse, otherwise similar to No.
:
7T
DI)!' m
Long
GOG C0GXI II
Quarter escalin.
7Î>0
37.
The date
reads:
105.
Nimegue.
7.)
(v. d. Chijs I:
Obv.
cross.
X)tfXX mQQ XsXXll

Waal
;
{sic)
Rev. Lion rampant.
ffiOI^Tft I}OV7T I>OVim7T

bracteates were issued
town
of the Province of Gelderland on the river
here as early as the eleventh century.
The name
is
variously written, Nijmegen,
Nimmhegen,
etc.
26

106.
1501
Geaz.
Vierer.
size.
(Pichler 31.)
Similar in design to No. 72 but of larger

107. Eiehl. (Cappe 1113.)
It will
Groschen.
Similar to No. 74.
be noticed that the dated coinage of the archbishops of Cologne ceases in

is
this year
and
not resumed for a period of nearly twenty years.
Theodoric II died
of Ruprecht's coins
in February, 1463,
and
in the following
month Ruprecht
(a brother of the Elector
Frederick of the Palatinate), was named as his successor.

bear a date and the mint at Riehl was destroyed in 1474.
None
1464
108.
Bolswaed.
Half escalin.
711)1)0
Obv.
Rev.
As No. As No.
88. 88.
DOmil} mGGGG XiXIIII.

:
mOI^7T :I)OV7t SOJjjSW^DetR

1465
109. Sachsen. Horngroschen. (Gotz 3815, etc. Saurma 4389.)
Obv. Diagonal armorial shield, with helmet, etc., above.

X)
c
71
X)VG^
^STTK:
rnVB
Xi
iUTZÔn
o
o o
flRIJS. 65.
c
Rev. Design similar to obverse,
X)
DYS
jSTYX
WVR
Issued by the Elector Ernest of Saxony, jointly with his brother Albrecht and his
uncle Wilhelm.
There are numerous
varieties
of
mint-marks for Leipzig, Colditz,
Freiberg, Zwickau, etc.
110.
Groningen.
XI:
Jager.
(v. d. Chijs
59, 60.)
Long
1466
Sachsen. Horngroschen. 111. (Gotz 3825, etc. Saurma 4390.)

112.
Similar to No. 109.
Deventer.
XVII:
*
Double
11, 12.)
gros.
(v. d. Chijs
0HOÎ7t IP $K m OQGO XiTCVX
Obv. Quartered arms on long cross.
aOjjSIjS
Outer inscription:
OÔ
Inner inscription:
711)1)0
XXQI'
0J}
Rev. Eagle over the two shields of Utrecht and Deventer.
* ST20I)-
1501
27
Struck at Deventer by David de Bourgogne, who was the Bishop of Utrecht from 1455 to 1496. Deventer obtained the right of seigniorage from the Emperor Henry
III in the year 1046.
113.
(v. d.
Deventer.
ChijsXVII:
Gtos.
13.)
QQ GGXiKVI
Rev.
114.
Obv. Quartered arms on long cross.
7tI>I)G
SDXXSXiQ JSIO
As
preceding.
1*01^71 I)OV7Y
sou.
D^V^Î^
Deventer.
XII: 17.)
cross.
Demi
(v. d. Chijs
Obv.
Long
7TI?X?0
X)I>I' m GGGG If XVI.

*
Rev. Eagle over shield of Deventer.
moi?0'
X)OV7T
D0
115.
Deventer.
XIII: 1.)
Quarter sou.
(v. d. Chijs
Similar to preceding but has a short cross on the obverse, not dividing the inscription.
116.
Gottingen.
Kortling.
Similar to No. 26.
(Saurma 3907.)
117.
Hessen. Grroschen. Obv. Quartered arms of Hessen, Ziegenhain, Nidda, and Hessen.
o
Xs
x>
Miyrc^ftvivjs
;r7T;sjsi0
66 *
Three crests; the upper one that of Hessen and below those DOMIT' o D0 o aY0H)If o 0HH of Ziegenhain and Nidda. o X}Y
Rev
djoBo
Issued by
1471.
Ludwig
II,
Landgrave
of Hessen.
He was
born in 1438 and died in
Upon
the division of the country with his brother
took Niederhessen and the Earldom of

latter to his brother in the year 1469.
Henry III in 1458, Ludwig Ziegenhain, but he was compelled to restore the
1467
118.
Hessen.
Groschen.
Saurma 2238.)
shield,
(Hoffmeister 132.
Arms of Ziegenhain on a slanting ojjoljo aOMIW' O0 GV<^HS7T' 6A

Obv.
o
with crest above.

TiX)($
<>
Rev. Slanting shield with the Hessian lion, a crest above.

There are a large number of minor
varieties.
28

119.
1501
Hessen.
Groschen.
:
(Hoffmeister 109.)
Obv.
Same design
as No. 117.
4-
<s>
Xi
GOMIT'
o
>[
GV[HI?
6A
ifcw.
Same
o
design as No.
117.
+ IfX)
EftNWGBVIVjS
IRTrjSjSI
Issued by Henry III of Marburg.
120.
Sachsen.
Horngroschen.
etc.)
Similar to No. 109.
(Saurma 4391.
121.
122.
Gotz 3835,
Gottingen.
Kortling.
Similar to No. 26.
Groningen. Jager. Long cross on obverse, otherwise similar to No.

,
37.
TTIffiO
123.
X)I?I'
fiB
GGGG
The date
reads:
JjXVII
Graz.
Groschen.
(Saurma 718.)
Obv. Five shields of arms.

Ifoy.
Double
eagle.
HÎ
(ÔjSjSVjS II) + ^00. 7ERO. JX67. + D + + Ôffi + BRE^STI.

Kreuzer.
124.
Holy Roman Empire.
Obv. Cross with eight angles.
Rev. Double eagle.

The
on coins,
letters
^XO
mOI>0 * 1)0 VTT *
TZV^rj}^
&*
SO
Iflfce
7I0IOV
sentence of the
seals,
aeiov are supposed to have been the initials of a motto or favorite Emperor Frederick III (1440-1493), and he frequently employed them and historical monuments.
his
Kohler in
ings,
Munzbelustigungen (III: 170 and 420) gives about sixty decipher-
both in Latin and German,
many
of
them being utter

:
absurdities.
Schmid
in the Clavis
Numismatica (II
8)
is
in favor of
or
Auf Erden ist Oesterreich Unsterblich, Aller Ehren ist Oesterreich voll,
as being the simplest
and probably the most accurate interpretations.

p. 27), that the original interpretation is
:
Schlickeysen states (Munz-Abkiirzungen,
found upon a contemporary crystal goblet which reads
Aquila Ejus Juste Omnia Vincit,
and adds that in a day-book or diary kept by the Emperor he had written
Austriae est imperare Orbi universo,
and
in another place,
Alles Erdreich
ist
Oesterreich TJnterthan.
as
So that these mottoes can also be accepted
contemporary explanations.

1468
1501
29
125.
Hessen.
Groschen.
Saurma 2276.)
(HoiTmeister 113.
Obv.
Helmet
of the
Landgrave diagonally over armorial shield

<3
of
4(9o^ ff GOMOT' >( o GV0[H Ft o 68. Thnringia. 25' X) Rev. Helmet over armorial shield of Ziegenhain. Xi7ZWI}<2>'#KVl'V $ FtTv>& Issued by the Landgrave Henry III (1458-1483), nicknamed " The Rich."
note to No. 117.
Vide
:.n'
126. Sachsen. Groschen. (Gotz 3843, etc. Saurma 4392.)
Similar to No. 109.
127. Erfurt. Groschen. (Lietzmann 395, 396. Saurma 4636.)

.
Obv. St.
Martin on horseback.
68
jS7fflannVjS
MT^TOHVjS
0ijsao; v;s
Rev. The emblematic wheel of the city upon a floriated cross. 023OjSjSVjS o HOVVjS c [SE[gOi?X)0HjSIjS o
The town obtained

and
the privilege of coining
money during
the twelfth century,
this is the earliest issue
with a date.
128.
Holy Roman Empire.

Groningen.
Jager.
Kreuzer.
Similar to No. 124.
129.
Similar to No. 84.
(v. d. Chijs
XIX
23.)
130.
De venter.
XVII:
Double
14.)
gros.
(v. d. Chijs
Rev. Quartered shield of arms.

J
Inscription similar to No. 114.
469
Similar to No. 114.
131.
Deventer.
XVII:
Double
15.)
gros.
(v. d. Chijs
132. Sachsen. Groschen. (Gotz 3849. Saurma 4393.)
Similar to No. 109.
30
The Dated European Coinage Pkioe to

133.
1501
Geaz. Double Groschen. Obv. Five shields of arms. <s>BOjSjSV,S

* TBRX 3
=
IX}
1$
. . .
7tl>0
Rev. Double eagle.
X)
ômTERO
I^^0^7T
1470
Geaz. Double Groschen. Obv. Five armorial shields under a crown. IÔjSjSVjS B0G ffDO JXAO In the field: 71 pCO V' Rev. Double eagle. * flffl b ; 7 ÔffigÔ^Y^
134.
X A"
"
II}
'
I^^0^
135.
(N. Z.
Netjstadt. Kreuzer. XXI: 464. Saurma 644.)
Wienee
Obv. Cross.
ifcw.
MOI>
eagle.
I)OY' CDCV' 1XA0.

* E[ÎX>ÎG'. BOM7TI?'
* I.
Double
made
(sic)
In this insignificant town a mint was established as early as the year 1228.
reference
is
in the latter part of the thirteenth
century to the poor condition of
certain pfennige issued at this place,
and
in 1307, 1354,
and 1361 mint-masters are
mentioned by name.
136.
(v. d.
Deventee.
ChijsXVII:
Double
16.)
gros.
Similar to No. 114.
137.
Geoningen.
XI:
61.)
Jager.
(v. d. Chijs
maaa a * irxx
138.
(v. d. Chijs
Similar to No. 84, with the date reading:

1471
TETffiO
DOMII?
Geonixgen.
XI:
62.)
Jager.
Similar to No. 84, with the date reading:
goo a ifHxi.
s
7T;QI}0
OOmil?
,
139.
Geaz.
Double Groschen.
(Saurma 719.)
Obv. Five shields of arms, in the centre the letters
7I0IOV.
KOjSjSVjS.
H)
<^0G
Rev. Double eagle.
^gr
JJXtO *Al
X)
G XA #OmpXlO$CVm I^^0
to 1501
31
140.
(N. Z.
Wiener Neustadt.
XXI:
464.
Kreuzer.
gros.
Similar to No. 135.
Saurma 645.)
141.
Deventer.
XVII:
Double
17, 18.)
Similar to No. 114.
(v. d. Chijs
142.
Duren.
Groschen.
(Saurma 2980.)
Obv. Short cross.
Outer inscription:
I2OI>0nn
c
I>OV0
TLTt
Inner inscription: mop^T DV;B0I?jSIjS. Rev. Figure of the Duke. <&QKK^ IVIfI7ra0I?JSIjS o Issued by Gerhard VI, Duke of Jlilich-Berg from 1437 to 1475. Vide Nos. and 66. A mint was erected at this town by Duke Wilhelm I (1356-1361).
MGGOa XiXXI.
OVS
55
1472
143.
Vide
Deventer.
XVII:
note to No. 114.
Double
19, 20.)
gros.
(v. d. Chijs
144.
(N. Z.
Wiener Neustadt.
XXI:
Graz.
464.)
Kreuzer.
Similar to No. 135.
145.
Half Groschen.
flROI}01i7r
eagle.
(Saurma 720.)
Arms. Rev. Double

Obv.
146.
(v. d.
IX}
G^00
X)0
o
A2
* 'BftXD
BOft7I
84.
im^0^7T.
Groningen. Jager. Similar to No. 63 XIX 24.) Chijs XI

:
147.
Bolsward.
IV:
5.)
Escalin.
Similar to No. 88.

gros.
8
(v. d. Chijs
148.
Brabant.
Double briquet or
8
Obv.
Arms.
jSTEDVV
flTTG
^^Xsm
g
TW
<3^7t
X)X>M
*A2 *
s
Rev. Lions sejant.
KTi'BOXi'V^
Duke
of
X)(I
OVS BV^6
g
GO
Issued by Charles
verse inscription
is
le
Temeraire,
Brabant from 1467 to 1477.
The
ob-
an abbreviation of Salvum fac populum tuum domine.
149.
Leeuwarden.
V:
1.)
Gros.
g
(v. d. Chijs
Obv.
JS^v.
Long
cross.
TERQO
DOmiX> m
shield.
GGGG
IfSXII
g
Double eagle over diagonal
* nÔI>0^7T
I}OV7T
32
The Dated European Coixage Prior

1473
150.
to 1501
Leeuwarden.
V:
3.)
Gros.
(v. d. Chijs
151.
Groningen.
Jager.
25.)
(v. d. Chijs
XI: 64: XIX:
Similar to No. 84, with the year: 7TOX>0
iixxra.
152.
DOMII) ml
0000
Deyenter.
Double
gros.
22.)
Similar to No. 114.
(v. d. Chijs
XVII: 21: XVIII:
1474
153.
Utrecht.
Double
6.)
gros.
(v. d. Chijs
XXIX:
Outer inscription: * ROI>[T7I Obv. Quartered shield of arms. I>OV7t o 0IJS c W;S7n:[aT[:QjS. Inner inscription: 7TI>I}0 X)X}I
SU
c
OOOO
XiKKXXJX
Rev. Short cross, surrounded by thirteen fleurs-de-lis in small cir[' Ô X)I>0 DftVXO Inner inscription: cles.
m^m
154.
Bolsward.
IV:
6.)
Escalin.
(v. d. Chijs
Half escalins of the same year also occur.
155.
Brabant. Double briquet. Chijs XVII 7.) (v. Quartered shield of arms. Obv.
cl.
:
jSTCDW
^710
^^Xsm TVV
8
8
X)I>[
71
1XAX
B^7T
Rev.
8
Two
8
lions sejant, a
8
crown between.
K7TÔIi
D0I 0^7T
8
DX 80
8
Xil
Vide note
to
No. 148.
Struck at Antwerp: there are briquets of the same date.

col.
In the Blatter fur Miinzfreunde (1912,
4989),
is
described a mule
(Munich
Cabinet) with the reverse of the briquet of Maria, daughter of Charles the Bold, but dated 1474. Next to Jeanne d'Arc, Maria, Duchess of Burgundy, is probably the
best
known
female character of the fifteenth century.
ruary 13, 1457, and in
She was born at Brussels, Feb1477 married the Archduke, afterward Emperor, Maximilian.
She died March 27, 1482.

156.
Groningen. Jager. 65.) (v. d. Chijs XI Similar to No. 84, with the year: 7TI>I>0
:
DOMTR' 120000
ESXHH
The Dated European Cottage Prior to

157.
1501
33
East Frisia.
Half stuber.
*
(Saurma 3301.)
Ob v. Cross with
stars in the angles.
D7T
^7TG0
HI
ill
OI0B
I>r
74.
*
I,
Rev. Harpy. Issued by Enno

158.
0IÔ GO #1^1 13 Or 00' T7T

o
Count
of East Frisia (1466-1491).
Gueldres.
XII:
11.
Briquet.
Farina 1739.)
(v. d. Chijs
Obv. Floriated cross.
BÎÔIG
;R0;i30:o;OT7OTI
TV^
g
X A X
><
i?<?^.
A lion
X)(I
a
sejant, holding a quartered shield of arms.
BTIJ?-
OXiVjS
<M?7T
le
DVS BY^G
a
[;0
Issued by Charles
Temeraire,
Duke
of Gueldres
from 1473
to 1477.
The Duchy had a number of mint towns, among them being Arnheim, Roermund, Nimegue (Nimmhegen), St. Andre (Straeten), Zutphen, etc.
159.
Gueldres.
XII: 12.)
Demi-briquet,
4-
(v. d. Chijs

JBev.
s
SÎ^DIG
CM:
7II7T
a
m$K
<^7I
g
X)X?0
g s
Demi lion rampant. + K7YÔXi

inscription
is
X>I
OVS
IX AX :8V;B0
00Xi
The obverse
160.
from Psalms
1, 2.
Gueldres.
XII
:
Briquet.
(v. d. Chijs
6.)
Obv.
As No.
g
155.
g
Rev. Device as No. 155, but inscription reads: *
0^7t
DVS
BV^
K7tÔXi
X)0I
G^rcO
1475
161.
Gueldres.
Sachsen.
Briquet.
(Farina 1741.)
162.
Groschen.
etc.)
4-
(Saurma 4394.
Gotz 3856,
Obv. Shield with lion.
0;?OjSjSVjS.
IK>VVjS.
mn^^XWV^. A5
4- 0. W. 7t. O. 0. DVG03 JS7IX. TV. Xi7T. mftBCTttjS Rev. Arms. (i. e. Ernestus Wilhelmus Albertus Dei Gratia Duces Saxoniae Thitringiae Langravii Marchiones Misniae) There are a large number of varieties some have an error IÔVOjS and some of these and of the following years also bear the name of Margarethe.
;
163.
(v. d.
Groningen. Chijs XI 66.}

:
Jager.
Similar to No. 84.
34

164.
to 1501
Bolswaed.
:
Escalin.
1.)
(v. d. Chijs
mOGOG IiSSV
8
XVIII Obv. Cross with
in the centre,
7CR;QO
OOJKCQ
Rev. Double eagle.

165.
(v. d.
mOI^TO
I>OV7Y
BO^W^tîy.
Beabaxt. Chijs XYII

Cleye.
Double briquet.
:
Similar to No. 148.
6, 8.)
Struck at Antwerp: there are briquets of the same date.
166.
Groschen or albus.
Farina 1528, 1530.)
(Saurma 2932.
Obv. Quartered arms of Cleve-Mark on a long cross.
Di>r
m GGGG I-SSV
o
7II^QO
Rev. Shield of Cleve over the diagonal shields of Mark.
* IOIfjS
DYS
QXiXV
GO m7TBK
o
Issued under Johann
(1448-1481).
There are also half groschen of the same date.
167.
East Feisia.
Half stuber.
1476
Similar to No. 157.
(Knyphausen 6336.)
168.
Gueldees.
XII: 7:
Double briquet.
(v. d. Chijs
XXIX:
Sou.
11.)
slightly.
The briquets and demi briquets vary

169.
Niieegue.
:
(v. d. Chijs 1
8.)
Obv.
Long
cross.
7II>I>0
X)I>im GGGG IrXXVI.

*
Rev. Double eagle in shield.
moUGjlHZ
IÔV7T
I?OV7IflOT-
170.
Bolswaed.
IV:
7.)
Escalin.
Similar to No. 164.
(v. d. Chijs
171.
Geoningex.
XII: 67.)
Jager.
Similar to No. 84.
(v. d. Chijs
In the double jager of the same date there are varieties with
and -JJ-O-I).
172.
Deyextee.
XII
:
Demi
Double
23.)
sou.
Similar to No. 114.

Similar to No. 153.
(v. d. Chijs
18.)
173.
Utrecht.
XVIII:
gros.
(v. d. Chijs
174.
(v. d.
Brabant. Chijs XVII
Double briquet.
:
7.)
Struck at Antwerp.
Vide Nos. 148 and 165.
There are briquets of the same
date.

175.
1501
35
Liege.
Double briquet.
(de Chestret 346, 347.)
Obv. Armorial shield of the

de-lis,
House
of
Bourbon with three
over an ornamented cross.
jS7IXiW
~HJiQ
Ô'
TW
fleurs*
X>I?
XiXXVI.
Rev. Lions sejant, a crown above. In the exergue three small * BVXi\ flowers. * XiVOO' * D0 * BO^B' * (' * XiÔD' * The obverse is an abbreviation of Issued by Louis de Bourbon (1456-1482). Salvum fac populum tuum domine, and is copied from the Book of Psalms (XXVII:
OVS
12).
There are numerous minor variations in the

176.
lettering.
Obv.
Wiener Neustadt. Half -groschen. Monogram with the letters 7T
IOV
JEÎX)
between.
* 7YITOO Rev.
(sic)
oOO-l]IoIoIoXolo6o
Long
IlVffi
IM^
cross with four shields in the angles.

(sic)
ISIO
1477
177.
(v. d.
Gtkoningen. Chijs XII: 68,
Jager.
69.)
Similar to Nos. 37 and 84, with the date
aQQQXi
XXVII
7^1)0
DI?I m
8
Sachsen. Groschen. 178. (Gotz 3885, etc. Saurma 4399.)

Vide No. 162.
the same date.
There are issues for Leipzig and Zwickau and half groschen of The issues for Leipzig have as mint-marks a cross, and those for
Zwickau
a sprig of clover or a crescent.
.Pfc
'.". K
-;-'
*
1<S-
179.
Holy Roman Empire.

:
Thaler.
(v. Mieris 1
140.)
and Burgundy, surrounded by the chain of the Golden Fleece; the archducal crown above, separating the date. AA M7TXI9 g Z g M7tÎ7t g X)pC s ^TT g OVX g Z g IX DVOIjSjS' g 7IVjSrTBI0 b 8' slrOW' g BB' s Z Obv.
Arms
><
of Austria
36
1501
Rev. Under a Gothic canopy the Virgin Mary holding the infant Saviour St. Andrew and St. Sebastian at the sides; (small double eagle) 8 0$ CT* TOT7T 8 ^VriG^7T 8 [jS 8 TvMI G7I 8 TtQVXiTZ 8
;
m$K
noh ^n\ in
8 8
rr<3
The oldest of all the dated Thaler. Burgundy took place in this year.
180.
(N. Z.
The marriage
of the
Emperor and Mary
of
Gt6rz.
Kreuzer.
187.)
XLII:
Obv. Eight -armed cross.
mOX}. I)OV. XiQQT).
77.
Rev.
Arms on
shield.
IrÔI}!}.
QOm. GOÎGI.
This appears to be the only
Issued by Leonard, Count of Gorz (1462-1500).
coin of the fifteenth century bearing a date struck by this Austrian town.
181.
Brabant and Flanders.

:
Double briquet.
(v. d. Chijs
XVII Obv. Armorial
2.)
shield.
jS7DjW
57tG
^XiO*'
$
WW
s
X>I>[
JX77*.
Rev. Lions sejant, crown above.
There are a large number
one with
* n37I;?I7I
X)VGIjSjS7T
B'
of varieties
those for Brabant were generally struck at

thistle in the exergue.
Antwerp, and those for Flanders frequently have a
(There
is
CCSClBIS
X)(l
etc.,
issued for Brabant.)
There are briquets of
the same year.
182.
Utrecht.
:
Double
gros.
XVIII 24.) Obv. Quartered shield of arms. DOV7I o 0IjS c W;Q7n:(aT0;RjS

(v. d. Chijs
Outer inscription: * n3OI?0nn7I o Inner inscription: TORINO XXQI.

in
raGGGGXiXXVII
Rev. Short cross;
thirteen fleurs-de-lis
circle.
X)7IVID
sin-
m0m0TO
gles of the
>!>(
Issued by David de Bourgogne (1455-1496) Bishop of Utrecht.
There are
same
date.
The
coin
is
sometimes called a " Davidstuyver."
183.
JjSSYH.
Rev.
Sneek. Escalin. (v. d. Chijs XXII 1.) Obv. Long cross with J3 in centre.
:
7TI)I>0
DOSIUCQ ffiGGGG
8
Arms on
shield.
* OiOXi&lXR
I?OV7T
jSI}0;30I7;3IjS.
town
of Frisia, which, like Bolsward, obtained the privilege of issuing coins.

1478
184.
1501
37
Bolsward.
IV
:
Escalin.
(v. d. Chijs
9.)
Obv.
If /
Long
cross with
B in the centre.
TLTlTlO
>I}1 m / GGGG
8
XXVIII
Rev. Double eagle.
185.
^01^71
IK>V7T
303jJSW^X)tR
Brabant and Flanders.
Double briquet.
XVII: 2; XVIII: 3, 4.) Similar to No. 181. There are briquets of the same date. Varieties occur, struck for Zeeland and Limburg, with Obv. * B0I>0OIG 8 I?3;33DIT7OTI 8 TVel K 1&A8 JKev. * OCTÎ^ >p[ 8 8 DVGIjSjS 8 B<3 8 S^THS 8 Z 8 Xil.
(v. d. Chijs
The
deniers and smaller coins usually have on the reverse a letter
in orna-
mental border.
Vii#
J Litis**
186.
Utrecht.
:
Double gros.
XVIII 26, 27.) Similar to No. 182. The single gros occurs with the same date.
(v. d. Chijs
187.
Utrecht.
Stuyver.
angles.
(v. d. Chijs
VIII.
188.
Obv.
XXV: 4.) Long cross, flowers in the
2EQI?0
8
TCGGG GXiXX
Hn^7TI0GnnÎ}iSIiS
8
Rev.
Arms of the city on a shield.

Holland.
Briquet.
;
* GIVOT7TJS
(v. d. Chijs
XV
XVI
16.)
Obv. Short ornamented cross. * :8tR[X)IG * etc., as No. 185. Rev. Lion sejant holding shield. * mTi^TK % OVaijSjSft t
30
GOtflOT
SO
;
Issued under Marie de Bourgogne
there
is
a gros of the
same
date.
Holland as a County or Earldom was productive of coins as far back as the twelfth century, and retained the privilege of seigniorage until about the middle of the sixteenth.
Sachsen. Groschen. 189. (Gotz 3893. Saurma 4395.)

There are also half groschen of the
same
date.
38

190.
1501
Liege.
Double briquet.
Similar to No. 175.
(de Chestret 348.)
191.
Wiener Neustadt.
Gtraz.
Half groschen.
Similar to No. 176.

Similar to No.
192. 123.
193.
Kreuzer of the value of four Pfennig.
Oertug (Oldenburg 198) Obv. Shield with three crowns jS above.

;
Sweden.
HOI>0nP7T
^ÔG^
The
:
><
JXA8
Rev. Bust.
The
earliest
8
jSGjS
0BIGV3 B^XX
s
dated coins of Sweden, issued by Sten Sture the Elder.
half
oertug occurs with the same date written only as A8, and also with a large crown on
the obverse and a letter S on the reverse.
Vide Numismatiska Moddelanden, (1 19). This was a national coinage and not a local or municipal one as the obverse inof the coin
is
would appear to indicate. The name word, eyrir, meaning a weight, and Latinized ova
scription
derived from a Xorse
or hora.
191.
Gueldres.
:
Briquet.
flowers in the angles.
(v. d. Chijs
Obv.
XIV 2.) Long cross with
7TI>I>0
X)T}1
1 SIl i
GQQQ
00Xi
XiXXVIII
*
Rev. Armorial shield with a small star above.

I
K7TÔXi
DVS
IVIi
ZGO
ZV
:m
Hasselt. 195. (de Chestret 351.)

Obv. Floriated
Briquet,
cross.
BP'DIG
><
^0B0t>OT7TTO
*
TV0
><
Rev.
X)'I[I>'
Rampant
lion holding armorial shield.
ST20
* frs>I *
XiÔ-
VJiCWTi
* J?7TiSJS[X:T
Hasselt in Brabant, near Lille, was a town under the jurisdiction of the Bishops
of Liege,
and must not be confused with the town
of the
same name
in Overyssel.
In
1411 John of Bavaria confirmed the ancient privileges ample was followed by his successors.
of the mint-masters,
and
his ex-
De
exists.
Chestret gives a variety dated 1476, but does not state where such a specimen
The Dated European Coinage Peioe
to 1501
39
1479
w
/,
-
196. Tyeol. Thaler. (Madai 384(3, 3847. Reimmann 4283, 4285.)
Obv. Laureated bust of the

(
with the inscription: e M7T0N7TNIM9 7TBOÎ TTVJSTÎ^... ^BV^GVIID i?6T. Bust of Marie cle Bourgogne with large steeple-crowned hood, separating 0VK TIjS. ZO with the inscription: * M7IÎ7Y K7T^J4
J
below)
TI3.
.
Emperor Maximilian
I,
9 (79
below)
separating ^TTI M7TS:iMIX:I7riI9
OVS
;
There exist minor
varieties.
197.
Tyeol.
Reimmann 4284.) Obv. Bust of Marie de Bourgogne, separating ^TOT 13" ZO and underneath the bust, the date J 479. Inscription same as reverse of No. 196. Rev. Laureated bust of the Emperor, separating (^77 TIS \9 Inscription same as obverse of No. 196.
(v. Mieris I:
'
Thaler. 152. Madai 1371.
'
'
'
by Gian. Marco Cavalli. and although dated 1479 was in reality struck at Hall in Tyrol in 1506, and was engraved after a medal by Jean de Candida. The half thaler (Madai 6694) of the same date reads GH?OXX
This thaler
is
40

198.
1501
Deventee.
Double
gros.
(v. d. Chijs
XII: 70, 71.)
Obv. Floriated cross cutting the date and charged with the shield
of Deventer.
7ER;RO
oo
XXRI'flR OGGG XiXXIX.

8
Rev.
The
shields of Deventer,
a triangle with
ingen.
T*OI>0
Campen, and Groningen arranged I>OV7I X)$ X)7V7QTW^TR

8 8
in
Struck at Deventer but issued by the three towns, Deventer, Campen, and Gron-
199.
Deventee.
XII; 19.)
Demi
sou.
Similar to No. 114.
(v. d. Chijs
200.
Holland.
Briquet.
(v. d. Chijs
XV
1;
XVI:
10, 12, 17.)
201.
Uteecht.
XVIII
:
Double
28.)
gros.
Similar to No. 182.
(v. d. Chijs
There
202.
is
also a gros of the
same
date.
albus or half groschen. Obv. Cross, bearing in a heart the shield of Gueldres.
Zutphen.
Ti
Demi
m*
ao aa*
xxix.
TLTf D'
Rev. Shield with the lion of Schwarzbourg, underneath the small inclined shield of Zutphen. * ffiOI>^' * IK>V7i: 3VT;I?7ER(
><
Issued by Henri III de Schwarzbourg, Bishop of Munster from 1466 to 1496.
203. Hasselt. (de Chestret 353.)

204.
Briquet.
Similar to No. 195.
Wienee Neustadt.
Half groschen.
Similar to No. 176.
Beabant and Flandees. 205. There are briquets of the same date.
206.
Double briquet. Similar
to
No. 181.
Cleve.
Double groschen.
Saurma 2928.)
166, with 7TI>X?0
166.
(Farina 1531.
Obv.
As No.
As No.
DOMI'
OOOO
XiXXIX
Rev.
*
ICXRjS'
OVX
OXiXV$Q&
0T
GO'
M7MSK'
1501
41
Cleve. Groschen. Obv. As No. 166. 711)1)0 Ifcw. As No. 166. ICXRjS'
207.
DOÎ HWGGG XiXXIX
OYS GIilV
GO'
m^Tt
Heretofore undescribed and probably unique.
From
the Erfurt "find" of 1905.
Acquired by Dr. Jur. Theodor Kirsch of Dusseldorf, and sold with his collection on April 15, 1912 (No. 1096). In February, 1905, there were discovered during excavations in the Marktstrasse at Erfurt, about 6000 groschen, as well as many other coins of the fifteenth century.
208.
Liege.
Double briquet.
Similar to No. 175.
(de Chestret 350.)
1480
209.
(v. d.
Groschen or albus. Ztjtphen. Chijs VI: 1; XIII: 1.)

is
Similar to No. 202.

same type.
There
210.
demi albus
of this year of almost the
Brabant.
XVIII:
Double briquet.
5.)
Similar to No. 185.

demi gros occur with the same
(v. d. Chijs
Struck at Antwerp.
The
briquet, gros, and
date.
211.
Flanders.
Double briquet.
I
%
The designs
t
are as on No. 181.

J
(v. d. Chijs
XV
3, 4.)
jSTCZrW Rev. * mTL-QTR

Obv. *
212.
57tG
&&XiSU
I
TW
I
S X>I>[
480.
X)VGIjSjS7t
B@
GOROT
t flXi.
Gtueldres.
:
Gros.
date, a lion in each angle.
(v. d. Chijs
OI)I
Obv.
XIV 3.) Long cross cutting the

HI
4-
GGGG
711)1)0
4-
IrXXX
OVX
+
;
Rev. Divided shield with the lions of Gtueldres and Juliers 3V. 1 00Xi S XVXi neath a star. * KTESOIr I
under-
JZGOJ
Struck at Roermond by Catherine de Bourbon, during the minority of her son,

Charles d'Egmond.
213.
Gottingen.
Sachsen.
Kortling.
Similar to No. 26. Similar to Nos. 162 and 178.
214. 215.
Groschen.
Mors.
Groschen.
Obv. Short cross dividing
7EQO
OI
HI
GGGG MSX.
Outer
circle of shields.
Rev. Quartered shield of Mors-Saarwerden, a star above. Outer Inner inscription: inscription: * ffiOI)[^7t * DOYTT * ffiO[:QjS * vii)G * go * moetgjs * ^nn * ^tt o
<,
42

Issued by Vincent, Count of Mors (1448-1493).
*
to 1501
a
*
The town must have had
mint early in the fifteenth century, as the archives mention " Moersche Wispenninge
in 1420.
216.
Hollaxd.
XII: 4;
Briquet.
Similar to No. 188.

Similar to No. 195.
(v. d. Chijs
XVI:
18.)
217.
Hasselt.
Briquet.
(de Chestret 354.)
218.
Campen.
Sou.
14.)
(v. d. Chijs
XV:
Obv. Short cross.
2CQ OI
*
mOOOG
1XSX
IIOH0
Rev. Shield of the city.

219.
mOI>0 POV7T G7t^^0I>.
Gaez.
Schilling.
Obv.
Long
cross with quartered arms.
= ^P^THO = V7I07Y
= BC0 80
Rev. Griffin.
4-
BVGjSJjTTVjS
Duke
of
X)
(s>
DVS 3T0nni
cross.
Issued by Bogislaus X,
Pommerania (1474-1523).
220.
Ohr.
80.
Wiener Neustadt. Kreuzer. Long cross intersected by short
SHOT). I)OY.
IVJ&RB.
Rev. Double eagle.
Inscription similar to reverse of No. 221.
221.
*
Styeia. Kreuzer. Obv. Shield with panther over double cross.

*
1201)
*
POY JSTI
7Y0IOV
80
Rev.
Crowned double
Sweden.
eagle.
VB * ID * BO * IM
III.
Issued by the Emperor Frederick
222.
(Oldenburg 201.) Oertug. Similar to No. 193, reading: mOI>0^7T s jSTOCOR s 80. The half oertug occnrs with the same date, but of the type with crown and
1481
S.
223.
Holy Rom ax Empiee.

Crowned double
eagle.
Kreuzer.
*
(N. Z. XLII: 186.)
Obv.
mor>T
POV7Y * TV&H}&
iE^XO
1
* 81. *
Rev. Floriated cross with four armorial shields.
'BO'

224.
1501
43
Groschen. Obv. Cross, with armorial bearings in the angles.

o
Brandenburg.
HOI^TTI
8
I>OV7T
HTT^GÎ SIOTIXO
(ICXRTEP
It
o
8J
Rev. Eagle.
X)
H^rBOÎ
B^7CT>D0BVi?
was issued by Johann, vice-regent or " Stadtholdher " under Albert Achilles (1470-1489), and was discovered by the Rev. Frlihbufs in 1850 in a
Probably unique.
" find
"near Griineberg.
It
was first described by J. F. Weidhas, in his treatise Die Brandenburger Denare, 1855, and he traced it to the cabinet of Chevalier Kohne in Petersburg.
225.
Brabant.
Double briquet.
Similar to No. 185.

the same date.
Struck at Antwerp.
The briquet occurs with
There
is
also a
double briquet of Flanders of this year similar to No. 211.
226.
Liege.
Double briquet.
shield over floriated cross.
(de Chestret 348.)
Obv. Armorial
-go' +
+ jSTDjW
1
+ 57iG +
1
nnvvm
+ x)x>M +
issxi.
*
Rev. Lions sejant, a crown above.

Issued by Louis de Bourbon (1456-1482).
XiVDO
D0 * 60B6
['
227.
Holland.
(v. d. Chijs
XV:
5,
Double briquet. 6: XVI: 13, 19, 20.)
The reverse
228.
reads: *
mftÎft
OVGIJSJSTT
B * aOOIOT
I?0.
The briquet occurs with Gros.
the same date.
Deventer.
XII:
gros, sou,
Similar to No. 114.

in the
(v. d. Chijs
20, 21, 22, 23.)
The demi
229. 230.
and demi sou were issued
same
year.
Wiener Neustadt.
Hasselt.
Briquet.
Kreuzer.
Similar to No. 220.
Similar to No. 195.
Long cross, in the angles I [ V . 7YI>I>0 aaaaii sxsi. Rev. Arms. * <$0O * WJSOSi * aTL&WRT) * I0V.
Obv.
Jever. 231. (Saurma 3336.)
Oertchen.
DI>I
44
The Dated Europe ax Coixage Prior to 1501

Jever was
a
mint-town
of
East Frisia and

I.
this coin
was issued by Edo
Wimken
(1468-1511). the ruler under Count Enno
The Oertchen was
a small base silver coin about half the size of a groschen.
1482
Sachsex. Fiirstengroschen or half Sehwertgroschen. 232. (Gotz 3900. Saurma 4400.)
Ob v. Bisected
4o
shield
o
with
lion
=
0Ô3^V3 NOVVJS
c
OYOVffi
and the jSTIXODI

[
=
arms
82.
of
Landsberg.
JS7EX;
o
Rev. Shield of Chur-Saehsen.
4-
71
X)
(d
OVGjS
tv
r-7r
m-Kiz
mijs
There
is
Issued by Ernst and Albrecht.
a Spitzgroschen of the
same date (Gotz
3899) and
233.
a mule, a
combination of both (Gotz 3953).
Muhlheim.
Groschen.
(Farina 1639.
Saurma 2986.)
Obv. Short cross.
Outer inscription:
* MOI}[T7r(
*
IK>V7T(
Inner inscription: * 2EQ' ffi * GGGG ifer. Half length figure of the Duke over IVIi * Z * MOP WIXtKOj' *
MOIrl^M.
IiSXSXt
quartered
shield:
DVS
'
Struck at Muhlheim, one of the mint towns of the united Duchies of Julich and
Berg, by Wilhelm
Sometimes called Hubertusgroschen, the figure on the reverse being identified with St. Hubertus, the patron saint of huntsmen. Gerhard VI of Jiilich-Berg was also the founder of the Order of St. Hubertus. There are varieties counterstamped 1} (? Hildesheim or Halberstadt).
234.
IV (1475-1511).
Liege.
Double briquet.
Similar to No. 226.
(de Chestret 350.)
235.
Cleve.
Double groschen.
of the

varieties
(Farina 1534, 1535.)
There are groschen
same date
some
have the letters Q-Xi-X-V
in the angles of the cross.
Issued under Johann II (1481-1521).
236.
Groschen. Obv. Shield over cross with \ X 8 2 in the angles.
Haxxovee.
B^'DIG^
Rev. Lion over city gate.
MOI>0^7T
I>OV7I
IKXROV^Î?-
CI3 *
Reimmann, No. 6704, describes (Madai 2249.) J48Z.
a cast thaler Avith similar inscriptions, and dated

237. Deutz. Turnose. (Cappe 1175. Saurma 2743.
1501
45
Merle
6.)
Outer inscription: jSOT * I>om[I> * DORlX>I * * QQQQ * Xi'KKKXZ. B0I)0X)IGnnvm. Inner inscription: + 7I> * Rev. Arms of Tours over the quartered shield of Cologne -Hessen. Outer inscription: * Tt^mi^X}X}I. 71^0^10^1. aOHOI?ItQ r Inner inscription: * TVÔI?' TViai)'.
Obv. Short cross.
Issued by
Hermann IV
of this
of Hessen,
Archbishop of Cologne from 1480 to 1508.

or Tuicium,
There are varieties with a lion shield on the obverse.
The
old
name
town was variously written Tuitium

at
this
first
and the
Archbishop of Cologne controlled a mint

silver coins
place from which both gold and
have been traced to the
half of the fourteenth century.
The coinage
ceased about 1612.
238. Styria. (Saurma 722.)
Kreuzer.
Similar to No. 221.
239.
Wiener Neustadt.
Holland.
Kreuzer.
(Saurma 646.)
240.
(v. d. Chijs
XV:
7,
Double briquet. XVI: 14.) 8

;
241.
(v. d.
Brabant. Chijs XIX:
Briquet.
7, 8, 9,

There
10.)
is
Struck at Antwerp during the minority of Philip the Good.

ver of this date with obverse inscription jSIdffi
a rare stuy
8JU\\JI^tO
PJ/XBGfOT
X333f[ J482 (v. d. Chijs burg, 1851, p. 189).
Be Munten
der Voormalige Hertogdommen Braband en Lim-
242
Groningen
Jager
243.
Utrecht.
XVIII
:
Double briquet.
29, 30.)
(v. d. Chijs
* ffi[M(I}TO
DOMII^ DTYVXO
o
\R&2
Rev. Lion holding shield.
mOTl^H
I>OV7i
$81 W^-KIÔ
o
Struck by David de Bourgogne, Bishop of Utrecht from 1455 to 1496.
46

244.
1501
Utrecht.
Double briquet.
fleurs-de-lis in the angles.
ffiOI>'
(v. d. Chijs
Obv.
XX: 2.) Long cross with
1)0
V7T
,
Rev. Lion over shield of arms.
^(d^JjS^B^
D0
GIjIVI^
>(
mTIBKTI
Issued by Engelbert van Kleef, a claimant to the Bishopric of Utrecht (1481-
1485).
1483
245.
(v. d.
Brabant. Chijs XIX:
Double briquet.
11.)
Obv.
Arms
o
over floriated cross.
* STTXiW
*
57TG
7T^
^^Xsm
WW
OP7I
c
71
JX83.
i^r. Lions sejant, crown above.
mOT>
OY
TTVjSTlBI^
B^7iB7YX>GI0.
Issued by Maximilian during the minority of Philip the Good, and struck at Ant-
werp.
There are briquets
of the
same
date.
246.
(v. d.
Holland. Double Chijs XVI 15.)

:
briquet.
247.
Utrecht.
XVIII
:
Double briquet.
82.)
Similar to No. 243.
(v. d. Chijs
Liege. Double briquet, 248. (de Chestret 372, 373.)

Obv. Armorial shield of La Marck on an ornamented cross. + jSIHP + r>om<3i> + x>i>i + s3x>toioTv + xixxsni. Rev. Two lions rampant, in the exergue three stars. + IOI?jS +
Marck, a claimant to the Bishopric of Liege (Liittich) from
Issued by Jean de
la
1482
to 1481.
249.
East Frisia
Stuber.
(
(Knyphausen 6333-34.)
Obv.
IX)
DI0
Long
cross with
in the centre.
DTI
QH G0
X)I>I
S'l)*?' 83.
Rev.
GO'
Harpy between four stars, 83 * OX'$WTLTi H'jSI0
a quartered shield below.
G(I>I>0
Issued by
Enno
I,
Count
of East Frisia
(1466-91).
There are
varieties with the
date on obverse only.

250.
1501
47
Stolberg.
Grroschen.
shield of Wernigerode.
Obv.
o
Helmeted diagonal
rÔjS
EKXRT
3RtPI>-
W0i?.I>I00ifOX)l 83 Rev. Armorial shield of Stolberg with stag. BIGI II) o JSTOXiS[i?0
o
o
XX}
0^7TVG
Henry VIII, Count freunde (XLVIII: 13).

Issued by
of Stolberg,
and described
in the Blatter filr Milnz-
251.
Wiener Netjstadt.
Graz.
Kreuzer.
Kreuzer.
Similar to No. 220.
252.
253.
Similar to No. 134.

Similar to No. 233.
Muhlheim.
Grroschen.
(Farina 1640.
Saurma 2987.)
varieties.
There are counterstamped
1484
254.
Muhlheim.
Liege.
Grroschen.
Similar to No. 233.
(Farina 1641.
Saurma 2988.)
255.
Briquet.
Similar to No. 248.
(de Chestret 374.)
256. Liege. Briquet. (de Chestret 370, 371.)
Obv. Quartered arms of
mented
cross.
711)0
Rev. Bust to right.

cause of his son, Jean de
La Marck and Virnenbourg on an ornaDOI)I XiXXX IIII. * WIXiI? D MTtQI? M7YB IjÔD'
8
Issued by Guillaume de la Marck, nicknamed " the Bearded,"

la
who espoused
the
bri-
Marck, a claimant
to the Bishopric.
There are half
quets of the same year.
257.
Liege.
Double briquet.
(de Chestret 390.)
Obv. Shield of de
Horn over an ornamented

*
cross
of
leaves.
* jSTOjW Rev.
rosettes.
flAG
Two
*
X)I)3 * IjSSSX lions sejant, facing; in the exergue three small flowers or
*
*
1 1
0'
rrWM
lOÎiS ^rÔTi' GO' 5M7OT rrÔDIÎ*'

IX
de Horn, Bishop of Liege from 1482 to 1505>
Issued by Jean
48

258.
to 1501
Liege.
Demi
briquet.
(de Chestret 409.)
Ornamented 7ijSjSV,S 0jS & I?OB.

Obv.
ifer.
cross; in the angles *X8X.
MIjS0^' tfSiV Q'

*
Two
armorial shields of de
Horn
reclining.
IOI.!r^
0Xi0
nobis.
The obverse
259.
inscription
is
an abbreviation of Miserere nostri qui passus
et
pro
Cleye.
(Farina 1536.
Grroschen. Saurma 2938.)

II,

from 1481 to 1521.
Issued by Johann
Duke
of Cleve
Tyrol. Thaler. 260. (Madai 1372. Reimmann 4277.) Obv

.
Archduke on horseback
to right
beneath J 484
around thir-
teen shields in a circle. Rev. Half-length bust, crowned, and holding a spear and sword.
*
I0IMVI>:OV;S
name
261.
"
-KôTtixyvx,
from
its
7TViSnnÎ0
Issued by Sigismund, Archduke of Austria (1439-1496).

the
This coin receives

varieties.
Dick Thaler
"
small and thick fabric.
There are minor
Tyrol.
Half Thaler.
(Reimmann 4278.)
262.
Wiener Neustadt.
Graz.
Kreuzer.
Kreuzer.
Similar to No. 220.
263.
261.
Similar to No. 134.

sou.
Nimegue.
:
Demi
(v. d. Chijs 1
9.)
Obv. Short ornamented cross.
* 7II>I>0
*
X)X}1 *
12
GGGO
Rev. Lion rampant holding a shield.
mOI^WTT
I?OV7T

265.
(v. d.
1501
49
Holland.
ChijsXVII:
Briquet.
7.)
BÎ>0DIG
7TI7T
m$K OVG
i8
:
Rev. Ornamental letter
in
border.
mo
Ti'BO'J^XOYO
TIVjOT
b<3
GO
IKXDXf.
Issued by Maximilian during the minority of Philip the Good.
1485
266.
(v.
cl.
Holland.
Chijs
Briquet.
11, 12, 13.)
XVIII:
Obv. Similar to preceding, with date JX85.
Rev. Semi -lion rampant.

267.
Inscription as preceding.
Brabant.
Double briquet.
Similar to No. 245.
268.
Nimegue.
10.)
Demi
sou.
Similar to No. 264.
(v. d. Chijs I:
269.
270.
(v.
cl.
Liege.
Demi
briquet.
Similar to No. 258.
Groningen.
Stuyver.
Chijs XII: 72, 73, 74.)

:
Outer inscription * jSOT o I>OT20I> Obv. Shield over short cross. Inner inscription: TTmGGGGXiXXXV. DI>I o
SÎÔIOTV
o
Rev. Double eagle over two shields of arms, the letter
G>
underneath.
* mox?(ru
ik>v ISODIG^QjS.
Obv. Short cross with <& in the centre, surrounded
A variety has:
ing.
This coin
is
by the date * TERDO X)OMII}I mOOOOXs'K'K'KV Rev. Double eagle over shield of Groningen; inscription as precedalso called a double patard
and a " Vleemsche."
Cleve. 271. (Saurma 2938.)
Groschen.
Vide Nos. 166 and 206.
Issued under Johann II (1481-1521).
Wesel. 272. (Saurma 2939.)

o
Groschen.
2EQ'
o
Obv. Floriated cross with W-0-jS-fl: in the angles.
X)
G GGG
Xi
SSSV.
II,
I}
Rev. Quartered arms of Cleve-Mark, with a swan.

aXiIV[I?JS'
* lO^jS'
OYS
Z GOM7IBK
Duke
of Cleve
Issued by Johann
(1481-1521).
50

273.
to 1501
Franeker.
VI:
1.)
Stuyver.
cross.
(v. d. Chijs
Obv.
iZev.
Ornamented
West
* 7TI>r>0
X)1}1
GGGG
JX8V
Lion rampant.
mOI>0^ I>OV7Y ^^7TI>K0B0.
This town of
century.
Frisia obtained the right to issue coins early in the fifteenth
1486
Tyrol. Thaler. 274. (Madai 1373. Reimmann 4279-82.)

Obv.
Archduke on horseback to
right
beneath
I486;
around, fifteen
shields in a circle.
Rev. helmet.
The archduke standing
facing, at his side a shield of

:
arms and
JSIIjSMV;Q:OVjS
^G^XOVX
7rVjST:3I[
Frequently known as the Guldengroschen. The piece was struck under the superintendence of Bernhard Behaim, a goldsmith, who was made mint-master by the Arch-
duke
in
'.
482.
There are
varieties with
and without bands on the helmet.
275. 276. 277.

278.
Styria.
Kreuzer.
Netjstadt.
Similar to No. 221.
Wiener
Graz.
XII:
Kreuzer.
Similar to No. 220.
Kreuzer.
.
Similar to No. 134.
Groningen
Stuyver
XIII: 77.)
(v. d. Chijs
75, 76;
Similar to No. 270.

read:
Both
varieties occur in this year.
The
dates
TTm-GGGG-ESCSXVI, TCSB-GGG-GXiX-XXVI, and OGG-IiHX-XVI.

279.
7I'CT*G-
Lige.
Demi
patard.
(de Chestret 404-420.)
Obv. Small floriated cross.
jSI.
D0VjS. DOSjS' G' QVIjS. GO'.
T\
IK>jS. 86
Rev. Armorial shield.
lOIÎjS' +
O0
+ T}O^T} + 0jS' + Xi0O-

Issued by Jean
inscription
is
1501
51
IX
de Horn, Bishop of Liege from 1482 to 1505.

?
The obverse
T
an abbreviation of Si Deus nobiscum, quis contra nos
the Epistle of St. Paul to the

of patards
Romans (VIII
31).
As
this
and is taken from coin was issued of the t} pe
and 1499, there are consequently a large number of varieties. On the obverses occur different forms of the cross and modifications of the inscription. The reverses have JjfOX)I * Xi{OX)X{\ etc.
in 1486, 1489, 1494,
?
and briquets
280.
Nimegue.
XXIII
:
Demi
7, 8.)
sou.
Similar to No. 264.

(v. d. Chijs
281.
(v. d.
Holland. Chijs XVII

:
Double briquet.
9,
10
XVIII
14.)
282.
Cleve.
reads:
Groschen.
03
s
The date
GG OO
86.
1487
283.
Groningen.
XIII: 78.)
Stuyver.
Similar to No. 270.
(v. d. Chijs
284.
Brabant. Double briquet. (v. d. Chijs XIX: 14.) Similar to No. 245, but dated JX8A.
Struck at Malines.
Brabant. Silver real, (v. d. Chijs XIX: 13.) Identical with the one for Gueldres (No. 288 infra) except that the obverse inscription is abbreviated and the reverse reads: D(JF TOBI i'w'bijs v o rrvnn o z raeDo' rroipar
285.
o o o
286.
Utrecht.
XVIII
:
Double
33.)
gros.
ffi(M(Pr
(v. d. Chijs
Obv. Cross dividing the inscription, in the centre a star.

*
DTTVIX) JX87 X>I}Q Rev. Shield quartered with the arms of Utrecht and Burgundy.
mOI}(riW
287.
0Î^GOÎ rr337H3OT0.
this date
Sous with
were also struck at Utrecht.
Gold real. v. d. Chijs XVII: 1.) (v. Mieris I: 189. Obv. Crowned shield with eagle, bearing the arms of the Holy Roman Empire and Burgundy. * ^0H0M0H^V^7IM * pF * B3jS;ia(
*
Holy Roman Empire.
HIH0M * ftWGGG * XiXXSVII

Rev.
The Emperor
seated on a throne, holding a sceptre and impe*
rial globe.
* JS[ *
* M7tK;iMIIjI7IHViS
*
O0I *
B^ ÔMTTHO^V
*
* i?(S:
7TV
52

In the exergue
is
1501
at Dordrecht.
a rose, indicating that this piece
was struck
There
is
a silver real of the
same type and date (Schult,
R., 7).
288.
(v. d.
GrUELDRES. Chijs XVIII

:
Silver real,
21.)
Obv.
*
Crowned bust
*
3
of the
Emperor Maximilian with

*
sceptre and
imperial globe.
GVjSrTOt>I7OT
O^^KÔ^ * O'HIV * ^VMIXi^
jStRW * jSW * JX8A (i. e. Custodiat creator omnium humilem servum suum) [May the Creator protect his humblest servant]. Rev. Monogram of the Emperor's name. X)0V< * TO8I* M7OT;i3IjS
289. 290.
Wiener Neustadt.
Holland.
XVIII:
22.)
Kreuzer.
Similar to No. 176.

Double briquet.
(v. d. Chijs
291.
292.
Graz.
Kreuzer.
5.)
Similar to No. 134.
Leeuwarden.
Gros.
(v. d. Chijs
* 7TI}IK>. X)OmiT}l. ffi. GGOO. 87. Rev. Lion rampant, holding a shield of five compartments. * ffiOI}Obv. Ornamental cross.
0PK. X>OV7t. Xi$W0RQ$Q. 293. Leeuwarden. Demi

(v. d. Chijs
.
gros or half stuyver.
V: 6.) Obv Shield with double eagle on a long cross Inscription as No 292 Rev. Lion rampant on a shield. Inscription as No. 292.
.
.
294.
Eraneker.
VI:
Stuyver.
(v. d. Chijs
2, 3, 4.)
Similar to No. 273.
There are varieties with the obverse reading:
I0;QO
a^VaijS
37rXiV0mV^ JX8A
1488
295.
(v. d.
Holland. Chijs XVII
Demi
5, 6.)
noble d'or.
><
l^flO?M7TOIO
in a ship.
x
ÔjST
*
0V0SSK
*
^TtX
QTiV
7T
488.
Rev.
The Emperor standing

x
MO'
1)0'
B0
7M?':OVa'
7TVjS'
BO'
><
B^'
GO'
I?OIi'
The Dated European Coinage Prior to 1501

Issued by Maximilian during the minority of Philip the Good.
53
The
ken."
coin
is
copied after the English rose noble, and

varieties.
is
sometimes called " Schuit-
There are numerous minor
296.
(v. d.
Holland. Double Chijs XIX: 23.)
briquet.
Obv.
Rev.
As No. As No.
245, with date JX88. 245.
MO 71^^ ifC Si&

SI5I
TEQDV
E'o8o@OoB.
297.
Holland. Double (v. d. Chijs XIX: 36.) Obv, Ornamented cross.

><
briquet.
^Ô^mi^nMO
o
V0^^0
*
><
^7TX
><
><
33^
*
J&88.
ifcw.
Quartered shield.
ffiO
I>OV7t
><
aOSIUTFIjS
IKXE0D7I'
Z( *
298.
Brabant.
Double briquet.
3.)
(v. d. Chijs
XXV:
The angel Michael holding the letter B appears. * ^^jS X)[I ifey. Ornamented cross with B x>0v TiDivrro ( ffi(V
Obv.
8
in his left
hand
8
a shield on
which
8
<M?7I 8 in the centre.
OVS
B^7YB'
J488.
IiyvOGTT
VI
8
There on a long
is
also a variety
with the reverse containing a quartered shield

8
cross,
8
OI^BVjS
From
with the inscription: D7T DOjSTIfljS
QlXG^m
DOflfti;Q(
II}
the letter
B on
it is
the reverse
it
has generally been held that this coin was
struck at Brussels, and
sometimes called " Brusselaar."
299.
(v. d.
Brabant. Chijs XVIII
Demi
:
noble d'or.
4.)

x
The Emperor standing in a ship. MO 7t^X>VG TtVJS' B' ' B^7T Z * XiIM.
Rev.
7
>< ><
><
I>0'
I?0'
J^Til
><
Struck at Malines by Philip the Good.
There are minor
varieties.
300.
Brabant.
Double briquet.
21.)
(v. d. Chijs
XX:
Inscription as No. 297.
Rev. Quartered arms.
mOI?^T7T
><
DVGIjS
><
BS^B7ri>GI0
DQim.
54

301.
1501
Geoxixgex.
Florin d'or.
1201^0'
*
(v. d. Chijs
XIII: 80.)
between his feet. John the Baptist, the letter :eoi>r 3' 88. -k-v&M' Rev. The imperial globe, + ~B^<$D^1& * SOMTCRO^V
Obv. St.
IM^['
There are minor

302.
varieties.
Geoxixgex.
XIII
:
Liard or "oortje."
(v. d. Chijs
79.)
mQI>0 OOffll Obv. Shield on long cross. Rev. Double eagle over inclined shield. moI>[
303.
m
*
OO GO * 88. X)OV7T ÔJjrp.

*
Feaxekee.
VI:
5.)
Stuyver.
Similar to No. 273.
(v. d. Chijs
Detextee. Florin d'or. Soothe 1485.) 2. (v. d. Chijs XI 0&0. St. Lebuinus seated on a bishop's chair, holding a banner in * MOHD I t>0 * D7IV ^1) his right hand and a book in his left.
304.
:
TlBIft 88
i?ei\
Imperial globe in ornamental frame,
Inscription similar to
Xo. 301.
municipal coinage.
305.
Detextee.
Sou.
2.)
(v. d. Chijs
XII: 24; XIII:
Obv. Shield on long cross with

X)T>.
D-2T-V-0
*
in the angles.
7DQIX).
GO. 88. (s/c) Rev. Double eagle on shield.

ft*.
mOI>0T7T.
X>3. >7IV0iyT;Hi:ft.
Liege. Briquet, 306. (de Chestret 378.)

Obv.
Ornamented
o o
cross with
1
in the centre,
* 2ERI?0
o
DI}I
mOGOG
ifcw.
XiSSXVIII.
^VG^TI^D
X)
mm? K ÔHF
*
Ii0O.
Everard de la Marck assumed the titles of " Protector of the Church, the City, and the Country " in the years 1488 and 1489, during the reign of the regularly appointed Bishop, Jean IX de Horn.
307.
Liege.
Briquet,
cross with a wild boar above.
(de Chestret 379, 380, 381.)
Obv.
Ornamented
{sic).
TLTtQO
DI}I'
0G0X'XK:X8
*
Rev. Lion rampant with diagonal shield of the
La Marck
family.
0V0XOT'
There
is
* X) *
WKliO
#i?orr
XiÔ'
a variety
a half briquet of the
same date, and
with a shield on the reverse
with the armorial bearings.
1501
55
308.
(v. d.
Campen. Chijs IX
:
Double stuyver.
1, 2, 3
;
4, 5, 6.)
Obv.
XXRI
STKIG GG88.
The armorial
shield of
Campen on
a floriated cross.
7H}'
ifcy.
The armorial
shields of the three towns,
and Zwolle
in triangular formation.
BOI}(
which
Campen, Deventer, I>OV7T <JKS]X&.
Following an ordinance of 1488 the towns of Deventer, Campen, Zwolle, and
Groningen arranged
monetary convention,
at
it
was decided
to strike stuyvers
and half stuyvers.

" Item noch salmen maecken opten golden rijnss. gulden vurss. tachentigh
Stucke genant Oirtkens Stuvers.
Die sollen holden
clrie
pennynge
fijn silvers
ende
men
sal
der up die marck troys albereitt snijden honclert ende vier en tachtig stucken."
reverses of these coins read either Q}I<Il> ( as above), MWOXf, or DJ[V| t and the initial letters of these towns occur in the space between the shields. The
The
stuyvers of the same date are of the same design.
309.
Campen.
Son.
15.)
(v. d. Chijs
XV:
Obv. Shield on long cross.
7CRDO
of
X)T?1
mQQQQ
its
&8>.
Rev.
The
shield of the
town
Campen with
three towers.
310.
Flanders. Demi noble d'or. Similar to No. 295, but the reverse reads:
*
MO
gO'
SJ['
^1/ 7IÔVG
311.
7YVjS
B^7I
~ETs.
Nimegue.
Demi
sou.
Similar to No. 264.
312.
Gueldres. Double briquet. (v. d. Chijs XIV: 1.) Obv. Ornamented cross with S in the centre.
SBOI}
*
^^F[O^Û7^0XO
,
Rev. Quartered shield of arms. GomOT zvrr.

><
OVGIjS
0tEBI(
0F
313.
Cleye. Groschen. mOGOO SS X)I>I' Obv. As No. 166, with 70)1)0 Rev. As Nos. 166 and 206, with Q-Xr-I-V in the angles of the cross.
56
The Dated Eueopeax Coixage Prior to

314.
1501
Wesel.
Groschen.
Similar to No. 272.
315.
East Frisia.
Turnosgroschen.
(Knyphausen 6335.
Saurma 3300.)
7IG
0M X)I>0 II) X)1$S VjS 7II>I> DOMI 'm + QQ QQ*
Obv. Quartered arms over long cross.

Outer inscription: X)7v IÎjS Inner inscription:

0X?I>O' GO'
88.
Rev.
Harpy over two diagonal
shields.
V&X jSI0
OI'tRT7rif
Fide note to No. 249.
Sweden. 316. (Oldenburg 204.)
Oertug.
Similar to Nos. 193 and 222, but the date reads A88.
Up
to within fairly recent times it
was
a frequent practice to leave off the first
figure of the date
and oftentimes
all of
the figures denoting the centuries.
317.
Gtaez.
Schilling.
Similar to No. 219.
Dr. Emil Bahrfeldt, in his pamphlet, Zur Mittelalterlichen Munzkunde Pommerns,
1893, states that Bogislaus X, appointed Moriz Crusell mint-master in 1488, and that
these coins are probably by him.
Dukes Otto and Barnim obtained the privilege of coining pfennigs in Garz as The bracteates frequently bear a nettle, that being a feature early as the year 1340. The schillinge did not appear until the middle of the in the local armorial shield.
fifteenth century.
318.
Dettz.
Groschen.
(Saurma 2744.)
Obv.
The
shields of Cologne, Hessen, Nidda,
ranged in cruciform fashion with a star in * nnVIGI0I>iS * J 488. Rev. Bust of St. Peter over arms of Cologne.
i. e.
and Ziegenhain arthe centre. BOI)5 * IK>V7I

l)^ffi' 7EQ3'
GTO.
Sermannus Archiepiscopus
319.
Coloniensis.
Sachsen.
Half groschen.
0I?OjSjSVjS. I)OVjS.
X).
(Saurma 4414.
Gotz 3954.)
Obv. Shield of arms.
OVG. m.
^T^'KO.
88.
Rev. Arms.
g.
7T.
III,
^.
0. DVGjS. ^7TX. TV.
Xs. 12711?. RjS.
Struck by Fried rich
Albrecht, and Johann.
320.
Styria.
Kreuzer.
Similar to No. 221.

1489
Deutz. Groschen. 321. (Gappe 1179, 1180. Merle 7,
8.
Similar to No. 318. Saurma 2745.)
1501
57
322.
Muhlheim.
Groschen.
(Farina 1642.
Saurma 2990.)
Obv. Quartered arms of Ravensberg over long cross.
I>OV7T
MVIj^ 0M
*
nOI>T
1
J489.
Rev. Lion sejant, with armorial device.
WII^^XiM
is
X)VX
XVJaTKQ'
The
supra.
z Mcxpwep
same year (Saurma 2993)
of the type of
half groschen of the
No. 233
323.
Wesel.
Groschen.
(Saurma 2940.)
Obv.
![.*
i?t\
Long
71
cross, fleur-de-lis in the angles.
SUO
X>0'
W037I
X)' J48?.
Quartered arms covering the entire
field.
Inscription similar
to
No. 272.
324.
Jeter.
Oertchen.
Saurma 3335.)
(Knyphausen 6741.
Devices and inscriptions similar to No. 231.

325.
Garz.
Schilling.
(Saurma 4846.)
<OT
B0
326.
(cle
Obv. Shield of
S9.
Rugen on
4-
a long cross.
HOI>0
=
nH7T
o
X>0
V77
Rev. Griffin.
SVjSX:7rvjS
X)
DYS
jST^TII}
Vide notes to Nos. 219 and 317.
Liege.
.
Double briquet.
.
Chestret 382, 383, 384.)
$$0&Xi Ornamented cross 7TI>X>0 'K'K'XXK DI>I Rev. Quartered arms of La Marck and d'Arenberg filling the entire
Obv
.
.
m
1
.
field.
* (v(;e7n3'
x>
mm?' ^ônn iô

. .
Issued by Everard de la Marck.

the wild boar over the shield.
There are minor
varieties,
some
of
which have
327.
Styria. (Saurma 723.)
Kreuzer.
Similar to No. 221.
58
The Dated European Coixage Prior

328.
to 1501
Gbaz.
Kreuzer.
329. Aachen. Groschen. (Lietzmann 32. Farina 1984. Saurma 2813.)
Obv. Short cross.
mo
OOOO
Outer inscription: * 7IHO s X>m mHi^jSII'SSSIS Inner inscription: * mOH0^7I 8 V^B 8

8
i?6T.
Bust
of the
and imperial globe.

330.
Emperor Charlemagne with a model jS KTTÔXi mTT I^0^7t

8
o
of a
church
Gottingen.
Kortling.
Similar to No. 26,
331.
Beabant.
Real.
shield on a long cross.
(v. d. Chijs
XX
23, 24, 25, 26.)
Obv.
c
Crowned
BOM7II>'
8
M^XIM'
XiYR ^0X
s
:
;7OT
89
Rev. Standing figure of the Archduke in a shield.

IX) VOIjS
^^'1 TiBOT}
7YVjST;I0
S VB(9l3I0 S^7TB7I
:
Struck at Antwerp during the minority of Philip the Good.

quarter reales of the same year, some with slight variations.
There are half and
332.
Beabant.
Briquet,
5.)
(v. d. Chijs
Obv.
XXXVI: Long cross.

*
7IX>X>0
*
Rev. Arms.
333.
(96r.
^jS
6.)
X>[I
X)Om (MOT
II>I
89
><
OVX
BB7TB7IX>
><
Xs
Beabant.
XVIII:
*
Half
florin,
(v. d. Chijs
The date f
><
89
is
divided by a crowned shield.

shield.
**
HOTXI-
miX'i7iX>
ifoy.
sets Bom7ix>o ^7iT[. St. Andrew holding an armorial

Nimegle.
Sou.
Îcil
7IIJGUXO
334.
Similar to No. 264.
(v. d. Chijs I:
11, 12.)
A demi
335.
sou was struck in the same year.
Holland. Double briquet. (v. d. Chijs XIX: 87; XX: 38, 39, 11, 43.) Obv. Crowned shield on long cross. JIOTXIffil
c
c
XiXKX}
J$$X.
ÔmTtDO 7OT
Rev.
1X89.
BVl^
An armorial device. Sir G I? Z

o
Î
7K?GI>IX)VGI^
TIVjOTlÎ^
Briquets and half briquets were issued in the same year; the inscriptions are
similar but the t} pe varies,
7
some having an ornamented
cross
on the obverse.

336.
(v. d.
1501
59
Holland. Gold florin. Chijs XXXVII: 29.)
Inscriptions as preceding, but the reverse has a figure of St. holding an armorial shield. The coin is sometimes called "
Andrew
An dries
Gulden."
Struck in Antwerp.
1490
337.
Gottingen.
Kortling.
(Knyphausen 5508.)
* QGQQ * Obv. Similar to No. 26, with date Rev. The letter on a cross. ffiOX?0 IK>V7I
XG
><
><
><
GOTOII)<3 *
Aachen. Groschen. 338. (Lietzmann 34. Farina 1985.)

339.
Similar to No. 329.
Gold gulden. Obv. Quartered arms of Bavaria and the Palatinate on a long cross ' G ;' SC DYS the date *90 above. &FtTXiX
The Palatinate.
Rev. Christ seated, below the bisected arms of Mainz (a wheel) and the Palatinate (a lion) MOI)0' XiOVK TTVI^'
.
B0I^
Issued by Philip of Bavaria, Elector of the Palatinate (1476-1508).
In 1488 an
agreement was made between Mainz and the Palatinate by which the designs of the gold gulden were agreed upon, as follows:
" Nemlicli sollen die gulden uff ej-ner seyten ein schilt han des fursten, mit
andern s) ten ein Salvator uff eym vnd vnser beyder wappen vnden daran in eyn schilt mit einem rade und lewen."
des eysen die gemunczt werden,
und
vff der
stul
Mainz. 340. (Cappe692.)
Gold gulden.
Obv. Quartered arms of Henneberg, with a wheel in the centre and the date f X90 above. setSTO XiD 7M? 0^10 M CKs>ViyTV
Rev. Christ upon a throne over bisected arms containing a lion and
awheel.
MOI^'
Cleve.
(IK>V7T)
7YVB0
^>0X>0I?
Issued by Berthold, Count of Henneberg and Archbishop of Mainz (1484-1504).
341.
Groschen.
shield of Cleve -Mark
*
(Farina 1537.)
X}o
axiivx? maa oa
><
Obv.
The armorial
on a long
*
cross.
T0
so.
IOI?JS
*
go
Rev. Armorial shield of Cleve. x)$ ram?.

><
OYS
aXrlV^QjS
60
1501
342.
Wesel.
(Farina 1538.
Grroschen. Saurma 2941.)
Obv. Shield as on No. 341.
ffiO'Ô
W0JS7T XiI0
*
ffiG
QQ
*
-SO
*
(sip).
Rev. Armorial shield of Cleve.
* ICXRjS'
OVX
G3jIV[I>JS'
GO'
M7TBK.
Sachsen.
343. 344.
Half groschen.
Kreuzer.
Similar to No. 319.
Styeia. (Saurma 724.)
Similar to No. 221.
Hildesheim. 345. (Cappe 384.)
Grroschen.
Obv. Quartered arms of the city.
* ffiOI)
I)OY
IîriX)0iS0M
XXL
Rev. Half-length figure of St. Bernard with a cross and mitre.
*
7TG
B^BWTT^DV
* ; *
These coins are frequently called " Bernhardsgroschen," from the

reverse, and the concluding letter of the inscription
is
effigy
on the
error,
taken to be the abbreviation of
Patronus.
Cappe, in his introduction shows that the choice of this saint was an
in the year 1298,
and that the blunder occurred

city.
when
new
seal
was ordered
for the
The patron saint of the city is Godehard, and he appears with his bishop's title S\ God Episc. in the earliest seal and archives. He further states that the last ap:
pearance of
St.
Bernard on the Hildesheim coins occurs in the year 1552.
The
city obtained the right of striking coins early in the fourteenth century.
Franeker. Thaler. 346. (Madai 4882. v. d. Chijs VI:
6.)
Obv. Quartered arms containing the lion of Frisia and a bell, surmounting a cross of lilies. moi)( L^ftl) IK>V7Y * A90. Rev. Two shields placed diagonally, with crowned helmet above.
X)I>0 Lord, in our days."

%
Oft
#7ra0m
is
IX)
DI0#VjS
IKHIjS
i. e.
" Grant Peace,

attri-
There
an extensive note in van der Chijs in which he questions Madai's
bution of this rare Dickthaler to Franeker.
347.
Graz.
Kreuzer.

348.
1501
61
Brabant.
Piece of four mites.

:
(v. d. Chijs
XXXV
cross.
6.)
Obv.
i
Long
SimximXr TKT} *
^TiXi
*
B0X *
S?Om7EQO 7OT
.
490.
Rev.
*
A circular shield of arms.

or
TâRTO VG *
TIVjSTÎjS
Countries.
The mite
349.
myte was small copper coin current throughout the
Low
Koln. Gold gulden. Obv. Arms, in the angles the shields of Mainz, Trier, and the Palat* K0I>0' * JS' *90. inate. * MO SV' * If M7TI' ifet;. Christ seated on a throne. 7T^G BI^SI'
GOIo'*
Issued by
Hermann IV, Landgrave
of Hessen.
149
350. (Merle
Koln.
9.
Gold gulden.
Reimmann
320.
Cappe 1181, 1183.
Saurma 2737.)
Similar to preceding. Varieties occur with the date reading lR9i and 1 491 and on the obverse J?jI}II?jSIjS.
Triee. Gold gulden. 351. (Bohl 1. Saurma 2635.)

Obv. St. Peter seated on a Gothic throne, the shields of Trier and
Baden underneath.
MOI}0\
DOY 7TV
1
^t''
!9*
Rev. Quartered arms, in the angles the shields of Mainz, Cologne, o ^^0V0' and the Palatinate. KXRTErf 7M?0(^'
Issued by Johann II von Baden, Archbishop of Trier (1456-1503).

tions a variety with the date 1491.
Bohl men-
352.
Mainz.
Gold gulden.
Groschen.
Similar to No. 340.
(Saurma 2511.)
353.
Aachen.
(Farina 1989.
Saurma 2814.
Lietzmann 36.)
8
Arms of the city over a floriated cross. V^BjS VtHjSIjS B(^NI jS[ D0jS oIXo9t. Rev. Madonna with child over crescent -shaped moon.
Obv.
8
7TQ
7IV(
62
1501
Aachen. Groschen. 354. (Lietzmann 35. Farina 1986.)

Obv.
The Madonna and the Emperor Charlemagne holding the

o 8
JX9J in the exergue. * VIJBjS 8 TIQV^H 8 model of a cathedral; S[0:RI JS0O0JS 8 QTi&~vrF OIM Rev. Armorial shield of the city over a floriated cross. * GIVI-
nmw
0v ^ôvingi7T^vm
s
roariiet
355.
East Frisia.
Turnosgroschen.
Saurma 3304.)
in the angles.
*
(Knyphausen 6348, 9697.
Obv. Cross with

*
lilies
D7Y
^2TG0'
* X)I>[' *
II?
OI[S'
* IffiljS' * 91.
i^. Harpy between

Issued by Edzard
I,
four stars.
of East Frisia
^DZTT^D' GOM^jS HÎ'
* OI'
Count
(1491-1528).
Basle. Gold gulden. 356. (Kohler 2645. Reimmann 827.)
The Madonna standing. mOT?0J}Tt BTTjSIIjI Rev. Arms. + IffilDÎGVjS ÔUXRTlO im&$%.
Obv.
.
lR9i.
357.
Damm.
Schilling.
(Saurma 4839.)
Obv. Shield of Riigen on a long cross.
MOI?
01HZ IÔVTT
OKM.
9J.
i?et\
Similar to No. 325.
358.
Gottingen.
Kortling.
Similar to No. 26.
359.
Oftv.
Nordlingen.
8
Gold gulden.
8
John the Baptist standing, with a crescent -shaped moon beOÔEO} 9* IK)V2I I) low. mOI^TI Rev. Imperial globe. * IÎDÎGVjS BOffiTTR im^0^7YnnO^
360.
Hildesheim.
Groschen.
ffiO
8
(Saurma 4022.
Cappe 385.)
Obv. Armorial shield of the city.
I?0
ÎXft^jS
GGGG
SGI.
7TG
Rev. Figure of St. Bernard with cross.

Half groschen of the same type also occur.
B0^W7T^X)V
361.
Franeker.
Florin d'or.
p.
(Revue Beige, 1873,
301.)
Obv. Figure of
*
John the
Baptist, between his feet a lion.
[UOX}^
DOVft
(lion) * 7IV;B * i?^. The Imperial globe.

*
HIOT
*
91
U^DÎG'
BO'
711?'
IM!0'7OTO\
1501
63
of
the
The lion above mentioned is the armorial device of Sicke Sjaerdema, Captain town of Franeker, who was made mint-master in 1485.
362.
Groningen.
Jager.
(v. d. Chijs
XIII: 81, 82.)
GGG G SGI
s
Obv.
Long
cross with star in the centre.
TZTlTtO
DOffil
ttl
Rev. Double eagle over diagonal shield of the city.
170V
IfOIffRGetl?.
Groningen.
XIII
:
* BOI?0nn7I
The
half jager of this year
is
of
the same type, with
* CQOiy
I)OVI
363.
Liard.
(v. d. Chijs
83, 84.)
;
Similar to No. 302
the demi liard or plak
is
of the
same type.
at his feet a
364
lion.
Frankfurt a./M. Gold gulden. Obv. John the Baptist standing with a lamb and book,
mOTlQ
Rev.
DOV7Y
V^
71
Ta&TL
The Imperial
globe.
^^DÎG Ô 7^ im^QWVR
Undated gold coins were issued here
as early as
is
Frankfurt on the Main was founded before the time of Charlemagne, and a mint The first types of its coins were referred to in this place as early as the year 1194.
bracteates, groschen,
and
heller.
1429.
These were
365. 366.
of nineteen carat purity.
Graz.
Detjtz.
Kreuzer.
Groschen.
Similar to No. 318.

1492
367.
Damm.
Schilling.
(Saurma 4840.)

368.
There are varieties with
XyjrtTZSU.
Garz.
Schilling.
Similar to No. 325.
(Saurma 4847.)
Berne. Dicken. 369. (Lohner 340, 341. Saurma 1764.)

Obv. St. Vincent standing, holding a pen in his right and a book in
his left hand.
8
JS
VII>G0I>
o
X?GIVjS J49Z
B
and
Rev.
Arms
8
of the city (a bear) with
at the sides.
ftOI>-
<$]m
HO B^B^lWiS
is
*
Jenner
There
states (p.
a double dicken of the
23) that two of
same type and same date (Lohner 262). the dicken were struck in gold.
64

370.
1501
Basle.
Gold gulden.
Similar to No. 356.
371.
Aachen.
Groschen.
Similar to No. 354.

Lietzmann 37.)
(Farina 1987, 1988.
Saurma 2816.
Stolberg. Groschen. 372. (Gotz 7963. Saurma 4288.)

Obv. Floriated cross with
XXI
c
arms
of
Wernigerode.
GIÔjS
>I)I
W[IfI>X).[BOX)[ 9Z. Rev. Armorial shield with
stag.
<51$KVQ
IÎÎOI
II?.
Issued by Henry VIII, Count of Stolberg (1456-1511).

of the
There are half groschen
same type and date.
373.
The Palatinate.
Gold gulden.
(Farina 2491.)
Obv. Quartered arms, surrounded by the shields of Mainz, Trier,
and Cologne.
ifet\
*
JX92 * Christ on throne, the arms of Bavaria and the Palatinate below.
*
ffiO
7IV
K[D0
*
* jS *
!?'
GO
^ # OYS
B7IV7I
Issued by Philip of Bavaria, Elector of the Palatinate (1476-1508).
374.
The Palatinate.
Groschen.
Obv. Figure of St. Peter; the bisected armorial shield of Mainz and + 71 ÔJSTOJj' ( + ) IJ^9Z the Palatinate below. 3 Rev. Armorial shield of Bavaria and the Palatinate. ÎpXfl +
0^
0Xi0G'
+
Similar to No. 340.
Mainz. Gold gulden. 375. (Cappe 694. Farina 3076.) Mainz. Half groschen. 376. (Cappe 701. Farina 3080.)
Obv. St. Peter. i?6t\ Shields of
><
TiQ OjOTOIr 1492. Mainz, Romhild, and Henneberg.

jS
*
['T
B0I?nD

377.
1501
65
Pommerania.
Schilling.
Obv.
Ilr
The armorial
jS(
IOB 92
*
shield of Riigen
'
on a long
cross.
Xi7OT(^
^TL
Rev. Griffin.
OYX
BV^jSZrTTVjS
jst^wtid
Dannenberg (No. 412) agrees with Friedlander that this coin was not issued jointly by the rulers of Hessen and Pommerania, but suggests that it was struck by Bogislaus X, upon his return from Palestine in 1498, in commemoration of the pilgrimage of Wilhelm I (senior) of Hessen, which occurred in 1491 or 1492.
378.
Garz.
Schilling.
Similar to No. 325.
Hildesheim. 379. (Cappe 386.)

o
Groschen.
8
Similar to No. 360, with the inscription * ffiO
I?OV7T
ÎXiD^jS^
aaaaxan
Franeker. Florin d'or. TCVI?-' * fl^TT 9Z Obv. Same as No. 361. mOX^' IK)V7T * Rev. Same as No. 361. * HBÔÎG' * rgO-'TER' * IM^[' TWO'
380.
381.
Nordlingen.
Gold gulden.
(Saurma 1369.)
Obv. Similar to No. 359, with Rev. Similar to No. 359.
MOD0T7T X)OY X}O^X)XsI

8
1X92
Sachsen. Groschen. 382. (Gotz 3971, etc. Saurma 4415.)

Obv.
o
Helmet between the date

o
14
92.
4-
0BOjSjSVjS
I)OWjS
jS
ZWIGK7IVI
Rev. Busts of the Electors.

Zinsgroschen.
^[#XD$ I G^CH X> VGjS

,
TZX.
Issued by Fried rich III and Johann.
Struck at Zwickau and
usually called
Sachsen. 383. (Gotz 3925.)

384.
Half Schwertgroschen.
Similar to No. 232.
Wesel.
Double groschen.
(Farina 1540.
Saurma 2934.)
Obv.
mOI>[
DO VK W^7T Xil[
Long ornamented
The
shields of Cleve-Mark, with the helmet of Cleve above

:
9Z
Similar in-
Rev.
cross with lilies in the angles.
scription to No. 341.

Wesel, an old town on the Rhine, was placed under the jurisdiction of the Dukes A mint was in operation here as early as of Cleve by the Emperor Rudolph in 1290. the latter part of the fourteenth century, and inscriptions on coins are common from about 1394 to 1398 reading moneta nova Re(nensis) Wesalie.
66
1501
S
385.
^ÔJ^-'
Cleve. Ort. Obv. Quartered shield over a floriated cross.
* ffiOI^TTT +
ICXRjS'
HOV7T
+
+ aiflvetDJSIjS + KI+ OOOO + Rev. Helmeted shields of Cleve and Mark. OTjXV^XI^ + Z + GO + >[ + CTOTI?
1
XGH
DYS
Issued by Johann
II,
Duke
of
Cleve (1481-1521), and described at length in the
Blatter fur Milnzfreunde, 1910 (p. 4380).
386.
Neuss.
Double groschen.
in the angles.
*
(Saurma 2891.)
Long cross with crowns 3[p[DIGTV J49Z

Obv.
ifov.
jSOT i)OM(I> X)X}1
Two
shields with
crown above.
MOI>0' I}OV7I OXV

Archbishops
of
OT
of the
Neuss was an old town under the jurisdiction
of the
Cologne and
obtained the right of seigniorage early in the fifteenth century.

coins of this place bear a figure of St. Quirinus, the patron saint
;
The majority
they consist of thaler,
gulden, and smaller silver pieces.
387.
Brabant.
v. d.
(Farina 1743.
Double briquet. Chijs XXI: 30; XXXVI:

4-
6.)

*
B0I>0DIG
*
711)10^71
m$K
><
DOCTMCQO
*
7ITX> * X)X}1 * 1X92. Rev. Lion holding shield.

*
^^jS
TTâiSCOVX;
TrVjSWSl^
*
svreooiel
&-#tz&tT)0.
J7TG
><
There are varieties with the obverse inscription jS7TXrWffi
Ô^YI'Yffi
><
TVVffi
><
DOffi!!^
><
1492.
of Philip the
These coins were principally struck at Antwerp during the minority Good.
388.
Groningen.
XIII
:
Jager.
(v. d. Chijs
85.)
Obv. Shield over long cross.
Rev. Double eagle over vertical shield of the city. Inscriptions as on No. 362.

389.
1501
67
Sneek.
Escalin.
3.)
(v. d. Chijs
Obv. Shield quartered with an eagle and three crowns.

scription:
:
:
Outer in-
* mOT}$rj\K I)OV7T jSI}(K(I>jSIjS. Inner inscription: TERpO. XXRI. m. 0000. 9ii. 00' * X)I> Rev. Long cross. Outer inscription: D7I * ^7T I * VX$& I^ÎjS * Inner inscription: Q' * IK> [ * ft' Q ;' * I>0. i. e. Da pacem Domine in diebus nostris, Quia non est alius qui pugnat pro nobis.
^Y^T
These words are taken from the sayings or proverbs (L. 24) of Jesns Sirach, a
Jew
of Jerusalem,
who
flourished B. C. 130.
Varieties exist of this coin with the date <!>
OOOO*
XG1X
390.
(v. d.
Holland. Briquet. Similar Chijs XXI: 15; XXII: 16.)

varieties
*
to
No. 245.
:
There are
with the lion rampant holding a shield, and the inscription

*
B(I}(:OIG
391.
^0^0DI^7IÎ
XIV
:
HDV(
><
Oueldres.
Double briquet,
Farina 1742.)
(v. d. Chijs
3, 4, 5, 6.
Obv.
Arms
over floriated cross.
* &7XiWStt
><
;7IO
Ô^VXiVm
ftVjSnnpI^
*
Rev. Lions, sejant, facing.

Struck at Malines
* ^SiS'
71^0^10 YS
same
there are briquets and sous of the

*
date.
g
Varieties exist having the motto
BÎÔIO ^P^DOTTOTI ^V0
392.
Zwolle. Stuyver. (v. d. Chijs XVII 4.) Obv. Ornamented cross. 7II>pO
:
Dpi'
*
ffi I
0000
I
I 92.
J2^. St. Michael with armorial shield.
jSftpcrr
miG^7T0Xi
7OT'
ZWOXi'
earliest
The
dated coin issued solely for this town.
Vide note to No. 308, and
the ordinance of 1488 there alluded to.
393.
Leeuwaeden.
V:
7.)
Gros.
Similar to No. 292.
(v. d. Chijs
394.
Utrecht.
Gold
florin.
(v. d. Chijs
XVII: 6.) Obv. Armorial shield
1. TO37T
x
iârr'
on
long
cross.
ffiO' B
pO
7tV^'0
*
92.
Rev. King David seated on a throne and playing a harp.
0Xi00inn
DTTVIW
><
jSW'jSW
68

395.
1501
Utrecht.
XVIII:
Double briquet,
35, 36.)
(v. d. Chijs
II}V0I}I
DfiVXO
jS^VV* m$V
* J492
Rev. Lion holding shield; inscription similar to No. 243.

396.
Utrecht. Briquet, (v. a. Chijs XIX: 37.) Obv. Quartered arms in circle.
J
* SRCXR'
IK>'
^@I'
Ti?7II-
(GT[' *
492.
Rev. Floriated cross with a
X) in
the centre.
flftCfcROI? * 0jSHHO *
1493
Nordlingen. Gold gulden. 397. (Kohler 3000. Reimmann 7821.)
Similar to No. 359.
Frankfurt a./M. Gold gulden. 398. (J. and F. 127. Saurma 2159.)
Obv.
John the Baptist standing.
MOI^'
IÔVTI
^TEQOq'
IM^'etQTI'
f93
Rev.
399.
The Imperial globe. * flBXOSIOVjS BOM7TX?' Leeu warden. Gros. Similar to No. 292.
V:
8.)
(v. d. Chijs
400.
(v. d.
Sneek. Chijs V:
Escalin, or half stuyver.

4.)
GGGG o 7tI>I>0 XXRI o B o Rev. Shield quartered with an eagle and three crowns.
Obv.
Long
cross.
XGIII
* n3OI)0nH7I
401. Damm. (Saurma 4841.) 402.
Schilling.
Graz.
Kreuzer.
Berne. Thaler, or piece of 30 batzen. 403. (Madai 2080. Lohner 166. Reimmann 6044.)
Rev. Arms of the city (a the various bailiwicks.

404.
jS7ERaTVjS * VII? G0I}GIVjS * J493. bear) surrounded by the twenty shields of

Similar to No. 356..
*....
Basle. Mainz.
Gold gulden.
Schilling.
.,
405.
jS
Obv. St. Peter, at his feet the shield of + #3^' + ft ÔjS + 1X9 3
Mainz and the Palatinate.
Rev. Quartered shield of Mainz, Romhild, and Henneberg. + Ttgaifetejs' + ^mij' + 0n^G^' +
> B^^^H'

406.
1501
69
The Palatinate.
varieties
Groschen.
\
Similar to No. 374.

-^93.
(Farina 2498.)
There are
with the date J&93 and
Sachsen. 407. (Gbtz 3990.)

Struck at Zwickau.
Groschen.
Similar to No. 382.
408.
Schwarzburg. Groschen. Obv. Lion with shield and helmet.

93
+6060^0
GOMOT^jS
*
jSW7TX?3BVB^
Rev. Knight standing with sword and shield. (SÔjS^VjS KO;QI0IjSjS(( XI
MTEIOJ?
This and the following are the only coins bearing dates issued by the Counts of Schwarzburg during the fifteenth century. This piece was struck at Konigsee by
Gunther
XXXVI,
Balthasar II and Heinrich
XXXI.
409.
Schwarzburg.
93
Half groschen.
4-
Obv. Shield with lions.
G* B
I? *
GOMI
*
* rr0jS *
JSW7TB3-
BV^CÎ?
jSIJS
Rev. Floriated cross.
+ BOjSjSVjS
poWjS
KOI>I0IJSJS0(I?-
Also issued at Konigsee by the preceding Counts.

-
410. Hildesheim. Groschen. (Cappe 387. Knyphausen 5738, 5740.)
Similar to No. 360, with the date reading *

411.
ffi
GGGGXGIII.
Stolberg.
Groschen.
II,
Similar to No. 372.
In the year 1467, Frederick

in the year 1429,
Elector of Saxony, gave the Count of Stolberg
permission to issue coins with his armorial shield.
and the arms of
this
Wernigerode was ceded to Stolberg town (two curved fishes, resembling trout), are
usually found associated with those of Stolberg.
412. Koln. Groschen, or Raderalbus. (Cappe 1272, 1274.)
Outer inscription: jSIT o IÔMÎ? X)OMII>I :8[I)0:OIOTV .J.X.9.3, Inner inscription: aiVOTftjS QOXiT>I$Q Rev. A central shield with the armorial bearings of the city; at the angles are three smaller shields supposed to be emblematic of the magi.
Obv. Short cross.
. .
ITtJSfiTS.
M0XiG^. smcWI?.
70

There are
varieties
1501
with
a cross instead of a central shield
on the reverse.
The
city of
Cologne obtained the right

the magi
to strike coins
from the Emperor Frede-
rick III, in 1474.
pay reverence and make offerings to the infant Jesus is that their names were Balthasar, Melchior, and Gaspar or Jasper. Their remains were said to have been found by the Empress Helena and brought to Constantinople by her orders. Later they were transferred to Milan, and in the year 1164 Archbishop Reinhold removed them to Cologne.
the East to
The legend concerning
who came from
1494
413.
(v. d.
Hollaxd.
ChijsXXII:
Briquet.
18.)
#[1)0:010
*
I^^XOTTOTI
*
><
HHV0
><
mRIÔ
,1X94. Rev. Lion holding shield.
^jS
71^0^1
DVX;
7YVjS^
Berne. Thaler. 414. (Lohner 168, 169. Reimmann 6045.)

Obv. St. Vincent standing,
1494
o
e
jS7ri)aTVjS
VII)
G0I>GIV^
bear (the arms of the city) with double -eagle and seven Around in a circle, twenty shields of arms of shields of arms above. the various bailiwicks.
Rev.
The earliest coins of Berne are small square and round bracteates usually retaining the emblem of the bear, to which the figure of St. Vincent is sometimes added. As early as the year 1228 mention is made of 9 librae et 10 solidi bernensis monetae
and there are numerous subsequent references to both the coinage and the mint. In 1479, Pope Sixtus IV, gave the city permission to strike gold gulden, and these were
copied from the Palatine types and bore a figure of St. Peter.
small coins
The
batzen,
i.
e.
the
now
usually associated with the municipal coinage, were introduced in
1528 when the plappart was abolished.
1501
71
415.
Damm.
Schilling.
Similar to No. 357.
(Saurnia 4842.)
Frankfurt a./M. 416. (J. and F. 128.)
Gold gulden.
Obv. As No. 398, with tX9X i?^. The Imperial globe. *

417.
m TtKimiXiITZTl VjS
Ôm7Y B0S
o
Gold gulden. Obv. John the Baptist standing, with a crescent -shaped moon beo I>O^X)rrI 8 JX9X low. MOD0T7I DOY
Nordlingen.
o
i?^. Imperial globe.
ft* TTXISTttXITTI} VjS
Ôm'KX}
B0K;
Hasselt. 418. (de Chestret 423.)
Briquet,
XIG7T
ifev.
*
06t/.
Ornamented cross with armorial bearings in the angles.

XyftjS'
JRCXQ'
X9&.
;
Shield of de Horn surrounded by flames * lOX^S' * (;' * X shields of Bouillon and Looz.
OX)' OVS
below, smaller
'
G' * X'.
Hildesheim. Groschen. 419. (Cappe 388. Saurma 4023. Knyphausen 5741.)

Similar to No. 360, reading * UIO
420.
8
IÔV
XÎXX)0
XGHII
Utrecht.
Briquet.
38-41.)
(v. d. Chijs
XIX
As No. 396, with date *9X. Rev. Long cross, lilies, etc., in
Obv.
421.
the angles.
X[I7OT
MIJS0
The Palatinate.
Erfurt.
Heller.
Groschen.
Similar to No. 374.
422.
Obv.
Arms
of the city with
above, dividing 9
4.
Rev. Blank.
72
1501
423.
Wurttemberg.
Schilling.
dividing the date tR 9X. * 7OTT[ Rev. Quartered arms. 0B0^?H + GOM + ^ + WI^HF + jS^HIO^ Issued by Count Eberhard V of Wurttemberg (1457-1496), who became the first
Obv.
duke
in 1495.
A palm-tree
MCTO
1495
424.
Damm.
Schilling.
Similar to No. 357.
The Palatinate. Groschen. 425. (Saurma 2437. Farina 2499, 2500.)

Similar to No. 374.
i
There are
varieties
with the date
95 and
1*95.
Gottingen. 426. (Saurma 3908.)

427.
Kortling.
Similar to No. 26.
Mainz.
Schilling.
Issued by Berthold, Count of
Similar to No. 405. Henneberg and Archbishop
of
Mainz (1484-1504).
428. Frankfurt a./M. (J. and F. 129.)

429.
430.
Gold gulden.
Similar to No. 416.
Basle.
Double gold gulden.
Similar to No. 356.
Nordlingen.
Hildesheim.
Gold gulden.
Groschen.
Similar to No. 417.
431.
(Knyphausen 5744.
Cappe 389.)
8
Similar to No. 360, but obverse reads * ffiO
pOV
ÎXiO^jS^ffi
XGV.
1496

Obv.
Gold gulden.
CTK>'
oI}0'
oô
7TI?GB'
o
*96
Rev.
The Imperial
globe.
* m7EXimi:DI7EQVjS'
Similar to No. 405.
letters
-ROmT?
^^K
Mainz. 433. (Saurma 2513.)

Of the numerous
letters
Schilling.
varieties
some have Roman
on the obverse and Gothic
on the reverse.

434.
1501
73
Nordlingen.
Gold gulden.
Obv. iR96
MOI?0T7r
I?OV
DOIfOIrl
Rev.
The Imperial globe.
* ffiftXimrniTERVjS
Groschen.
jS
^QOmTLTl
B^ts:
435. The Palatinate. (Saurma 2438.)
Obv. Figure of St. Peter as on No. 374.
*96
:[W + 71^ OjS +
ifew.
Similar to No. 374. There are a large number of varieties,
differing principally in the abbreviations on
the reverse.
436.
Damm.
Schilling.
Similar to No. 357.
(Saurma 4843.)
437. Brandenburg. Groschen. (Saurma 4679, 4683, 4685.)
DOffil- JX96.
Obv. Short cross with four shields in the angles.

*
ÔI>0 7n}I)0
.
.
Rev. Double eagle.
lO^jS
X)
ffi7T^GÎO B^7T 0Xi^G
Issued by Johann Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg from 1486 to 1499.
Half
groschen appeared with the same date.
438.
Wurzburg.
Groschen.
(Saurma 1339.)
Obv. Armorial shield,

I?[J8;R'
o
with date iK96 above.

i. e.
1^71'
DYS.
XiTTV'Rtf 0^jS Laurentius Episcopus Herbipolensis Fran-
coniae Dux.
Rev. St. Kilian standing.
JSTERaWVjS
is
Issued by Lorenz von Bibra, Bishop of

the patron saint of the city and his grave
KIXiI7TX?ViS o Wurzburg from 1495 to 1516.
He was
claimed to be in the Neumiinsterkirche.
was founded A. D. 741, but there appears to be no record of any mint until the year 1030, when Bishop Meinhard obtained the right of seigniorage which was confirmed by the Emperor Konrad in 1037. In 1191 mention is made of solidorum Wirzeb. monete sex solidos Wirzeburgensis monete and two years later There must have been a very extensive are referred to in the codex of Gudenus. minor coinage in the fourteenth century, as in 1386 there is a reference to " zehin tusent Pfunt Heller guter und genemer Wurtzpurger werung." In 1506 Bishop Lorenz von Bibra, above mentioned, received permission to issue gold gulden, which he caused to be struck of eighteen and one-half carats fineness.
bishopric
The
XXX
Aachen. Half groschen. 439. (Lietzmann 40. Meyer 7561.)

Similar to No.
8.
The date IR96
is
in a floral wreath.
74

440.
1501
Pfennig. Obv. Shield of the city dividing the figures Rev. Blank.
441. Sachsen. (Gotz 4051.)
Erfurt.
and
6*
Groschen.
Similar to No. 232.
442.
Pfalz-Mosbach. Gold gulden. Obv. Quartered arms of the Palatinate and Bavaria
in a shield.
Rev.
o
O^TO
The Madonna surrounded by rays, G & V&XlX OYS B7IV7tBI0

'
at
o
her
feet,
a shield.
Struck at Neumarkt in Bavaria by Otto II (1461-1499).

This town has already been mentioned (Vide note to No. 50 supra), as under
,.
the jurisdiction of the Electors Palatine.

a single letter I> or
POVOÔÔ,
:
The small undated coinage usually has I>OVIE[Oi?[l>, etc.
either
443.
(v. d.
Holland. Chijs XXII
Double briquet.
19.)
Obv.
Ram
with the
*
fleece,
two crowns above.

*
XJQXOXVI}
jS7I-
0X>GI0
ramOB
OOflBXQI
7TIffiO
496.
Quartered armorial shield with crown above. * ^SJS * X)0I * 0^7T * 7Y^GÎDVX * 7TVjST:3 * S * GO IJO-. Philip the Good reached his majority in this year and the event was celebrated by the striking of this coin, frequently known as the "zilveren vlies " or "toison d'argent"
i?ev.
1
of the value of three stuyver.
The
444.
inscription on the obverse
is
from the Book of Proverbs (1
7).
Holland.
XXII:
Double briquet,
20, 21, 22, 23.)
(v. d. Chijs
Obv.
OPVJB
Rev.
445.
Ornamented TODIX) JX96.
cross.
OSRQIjS
jSÎÔTVjS
Xi7YVX)0^
As
preceding.
(v. d.
Brabant. Chijs XXII
Double briquet,
:
8.)
Obv. Similar to No. 443. Rev. Quartered armorial shield with a
crown above.
*
(Dim
ftSCORXO*
7TV;sru;K
DVS * &&
>Tt$
* >(I
B'
Another type
of the "zilveren vlies."
1501
75
446.
Brabant.
Double briquet,
XXII: 10.) Obv. Similar to No. 444. Rev. As preceding. The greater part of these coins were
(v. d. Chijs
struck at Antwerp.
'
447.
GrUELDEES.
Double briquet.
(v. d. Chijs
XVI:
20.)
Obv. Short cross with fleur-de-lis and lions in the angles.
*
*
0QVI-
Rev. Lion and helmet over armorial shield. * K7î?OXf 0[ii' rvxr' go' y Struck by Karl von Egmond, duke of Gueldres 1492-1538.
448.
OY'
Sweden. Gold noble. Obv. The King seated on a throne, holding a sceptre and
globe, at
his feet a rose.

*
IOIf jS
7IH
*
* X)(I *
B7I
^^K * t^HO^'
IVjSjSOT
M0
giÎ *
1X96.
The royal arms crowned, quartered on the cross of Dannebrog. X)$K!F$#T: * X>HI' * ^SÎiTT^ * M0 * D0X^^7T * DHI * B0GOT *
ifev.
The
earliest
dated gold coin of Sweden of the value of four and a quarter ducats.
Issued by John, King of
Denmark
in 1483,
and
of
Sweden
in 1497.
1497
Brandenburg. Gold gulden. 449. (Kohler 1716. Saurma 1203.)

(9w.
mOI^
i?6t>.
Ornamented cross with four armorial shields in the angles o X?OV7I 7tVB' jSWOBftOR' J&9A John the Baptist standing, holding a book and a lamb
o o o o
ESXOBIOI
X>
mrcgOQ'
SUITER'
76
1501
Issued by Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg in Franken (1495-1515).
There are a large number
of varieties
some have the date
f 497.
450.
Brandenburg.
Groscheii.
(Farina 15.)
Similar to No. 437.
The
reverses of both the groschen and half
groschen read.-ICXRjS.
X).
. CTOTK. B^7T.
OjÔT.
Similar to No. 432.
451. Frankfurt a./M. Gold gulden. (J. and F. 131. Saurma 2160.)
452. The Palatinate. Gold gulden. (Kohler 1145. Reimmann 643. Farina 2492.)
Obv. +
MOI>0'
7EV
Rev. + -&FtTJJ' +" The design is the same

453.
*X97 + + ' + Sfili +'
^1}
[If['
as No. 373.
Cleye.
Groschen.
ffi
(Farina 1541.)
The date reads

similar to No. 206.
GGOO XOVII, in other respects this coin
is
''w
454. Hamburg. Ducat. Kohler 2864. (Gaedechens 86, 87.
Soothe
1510,
1511.
Reimmann
893.
Saurma 3404.)
The Madonna. Rev. The Madonna,

Obv.
7TV0. &Xi$Q. B7IGI7T. 1X97. shield of the city at her feet. HlOTlQWR. T{0.
^7imBVB<3.
455. Sachsen. (Gotz 4001.) 456. Damm. (Saurma 4844.)
Half Schwertgroschen.
Similar to No. 232.
Schilling.
X>
ISM.
Obv. Shield of
97.
*
Rugen on
a long cross.
*
MOI>
*
0^7T.
I?
OV7I.
Rev. Griffin.
BV00jSXi7TV;3
Duke
of
OYS
jSW^WWII}.
Issued by Bogislaus X,
Pommerania (1474-1523).
Nordlingen. 457. (Saurma 1370.)
Gold gulden.
Similar to No. 434.
1501
*
77
Nordlingen. 458. (Saurma 1371.)
Half groschen.
J 497 Obv. Double eagle. * MOI?[T7t NOV7T NO^DXiIH * M7IXIMIIjI7rHVjS IJOjBev. Armorial shield of Weinsberg.
Lord of Weinsberg (1448-1503), Frankfurt a./M., Nordlingen, and Basle were pledged.
Issued by Philip
II,
to
whom
the
mints of
459.
Zwolle.
Butgen.
TiX}X}
(v. d. Chijs
maa GG 97.
ifow.
XVII: 6.) Obv. Armorial shield of the city on a long cross.
DI>I
ZWOXiXi'
Armorial shield of the
city.
ffiOI>0^7T
J)OV7I
The butgen was

460.
a small base metal coin of the value of
two plaks.
Vide No. 460.
Zwolle.
Plak.
size.
XVII: 7.) Similar to preceding but of about half the

(v. d. Chijs
461.
Utrecht.
Double briquet.
5, 6.)
(v. d. Chijs
XXI
Obv. Armorial shield.
mo
JSTBj
I>0
5^0 D0 * B7TO0 * $X
*
W^ft
* J497.
Rev. Ornamented cross.
VV ^7TG * 0 ^VXiV *
rrv
Issued by Frederick von Baden, Bishop of Utrecht from 1496 to 1517.

briquet occurs of the same date and of similar design.
The
462.
Brabant.
Double briquet.
Similar to No. 445.
Namtjr. 463. (Chalon 217.)
Demi
patard.
II?
Obv. Ornamental cross with a crown in the centre. GOIffllDO + 7iO IR97
+ DOfflllÔ
Rev. Lion rampant.
^jS +
TL^GFiEO +
ftVjSnn
OVS + B0 +
GO +
X}.
Namur was an
important mint under the jurisdiction of the Bishops of Liege.
Koln. 464. (Cappe 1293.)

Obv.
Rathszeichen.
*
Rev.
A crown separating 9 A. B * VII>I * GOI^jSVXi * GOXiO A cup separating 9 A. BIBOT * GVM * Ti0FlQIK *
(i. e.
" Drink with gladness.")
token, as the reverse inscription would seem to indicate.
78
The Dated Eukopean Coinage Prior to

1498
1501
Sachsen. 465. (Saurma 4417.)
Groschen.
Usually called Schneeberger Zinsgroschen.
Similar to No. 232.
Nordlingen. 466. (Kohler 3002.)

Obv.
Gold gulden.
8
MOH^riTC NO John the Baptist standing. Rev. The Imperial globe. * mTIXIMirilTffl'
467.
NO^DXiIH
98
SOM7IHOSV
Nordlingen.
Half groschen.
(Saurroa 1372.)
Obv. Double eagle. * Rev. Armorial shield of the city.
MOIÔ^
1)0 V7T DOIfOIrll} o 1X98. M7KIMi;ijI7riyVjS SOM7EQOB
468
Brandenburg
Groschen
There are half groschen of the same date.
(Saurma 4680, 4684, 4686.)
Similar to No. 437.

469.
Gold gulden. Similar to No. 449, with JX98 and ^XOîai

.
Brandenburg
X)
& miSiÔX}
fclJTEQ'
Gold gulden.
Similar to No. 432.
471.
Sitten.
(Schult,
Thaler. Madai 892. R. 4752.
Reiminann 2778.)
The Emperor Charlemagne seated, offering a sword to the * HIGOri7TV^ * 0jS * 0aVH0I)jS bishop kneeling before him. ++ 1?0 + 0P + GO + 498. Rev. The arms of the bishop, surmounted by a mitre, within a cirObv.
J
cle of sixteen shields. Issued by Nikolaus Schiner, Bishop of Sitten (in the Canton of Wallis), from
1496
to 1499.
There are
varieties with
0aVNI0NjS'

472.
1501
79
Erfurt. Pfennig. Ob v. Armorial shield of the city with Rev. Blank.

473.
98.
Groningen.
XIII
:
Double jager.
Outer inscription: * jSOT * I>0 Inner inscription: TO)' * X) I?'
(v. d. Chijs
86.)
S0I>0D IG^VM. aVIII.
Obv.
Long
cross.
M['
* ffiO
QQGK.
s
DI)I
Rev. Double eagle over diagonal shield of the city.
* flftOI^TTI
474.
Groningen.
XIII
:
Double
jager.
(v. d. Chijs
87, 88, 89.)
Obv.
jBev.
Long cross. As No. 473.

Groningen.
XIII
:
7ERIK>
Jager.
XyOffiXX? mGaaa 2CGVIII.

DOM-
475.
(v. d. Chijs
90, 91, 92, 93.)
Obv. Armorial shield of the city on short cross.
* 7TI>I>0
INI Iffil GGGG I XGVHI i?^. As No. 473.

There are
liards
and plaks
of the
same date and type.
476.
(v. d.
Frisia. Chijs VI:
Thaler.
1.)
Obv.
Two
lions holding a shield with a double eagle, a
crown above
and
below. * D0I o ^7TGI7t o I?000jS o S0^N7OT o Rev. Quartered armorial shield of Saxony and Frisia. * 2TXiB0I?rrVjS o c jS7TK:ONI0 o o EBIjSI^ Frisia passed to the control of the Dukes of Saxony in the year 1090, and Albert,
J498
DYX
6VB
Margrave
477.
of Meissen,
was the Governor from 1498
to 1506.
Deventer. Florin d'or. (v. d. Chijs XI 4.) Obv. Similar to No. 304, with the date *98. Rev. Imperial globe in an ornamental frame.
:
ffi7CX3nWOGI7t-
DVjs
BomTEpoirv
Utrecht.
sets;.
478.
Double briquet.
9,
(v. d. Chijs
XXI
10.)
mGGGG savin.
Obv
Cross with fleurs-de-lis in the angles.
7YIQO
OOfl3II>
Rev. Diagonal shields of Utrecht and Baden, with a helmet above.

80

479.
1501
Brabant.
Gaez.
Lippe.
Double briquet.
Similar to No. 445.
480.
481.
Schilling.
Similar to No. 325.
Mite or double pfennig.

cross with
i.
(Grote 59.)
Obv.
Ornamented
X.
8 in
the angles.
o
ffiOI)
I)OY
Xi
Xi0M 00O.
Rev. Shield with a rose in the centre.
pOBIXi
setQlffiftlÔ
Issued by Bern hard VII, Prince of Lippe from 1431 to 1511.
This principality issued coins from the beginning of the thirteenth century, and
there
is
mention of Lippenses denarii
in
1275, 1294, and 1296.
The mints were
in-
active for about fifty years during the fifteenth century

in
and the coinage was resumed
1498 with the coin here described.
1499
Lippe. 482. (Grote 60.)

Obv.
Stuyver.
Long
cross with
U R. 9.
9.
in the angles.
MOI>0 JROVTT Xi0M0

*
Rev. Shield with a rose in the centre.

*
1)0:8 XXQjS
BÎOT^D
fif-
D.'*
EDKe
This and the preceding are the only dated coins of Lippe issued during the
teenth century.
483.
Deyenter.
XIII:
3.)
Stuyver.
(v. d. Chijs
Obv. Large shield over ornamented cross.

J
7IHH
DOM IHI
99
Rev. Double eagle over the diagonal shields of Deventer and Opper* MOH0HD71 * HOV7I * X>0 * D7IV0H^Î7T. sticht.
484.
Zwolle.
Double stuyver.
(v. d. Chijs
XVII: 3.) Obv. Quartered armorial shield on short ornamented cross. *

s
7THHO
tm*o*o*o*os xoix Rev. St. Michael under a canopy at his feet the quartered armorial oo 3' MI0^7T^ Xi 7OTO' 3WOXi' shield, Sancdomihi
;
i. e.
tus
Michael Patronus Zwollensis.

The stuyver
same year is similar to No. 392 except that the obverse has over the ornamented cross, with the date <!> OOOO * XOXSC*
of the
quartered shield
485.
(v. d.
Groxixgen. Double jager. Chijs XIV: 98, 99.)
Similar to No. 473.

486.
1501
81
Groningen. Stuyver. (v. d. Chijs XIV: 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105.) There are numerous minor varieties of both the stuyver and half stuyver of this year, all of the types of Nos. 473, 474, and 475. Some of the readings are: * mOI)^7Y + JROV - 3?OI>II>00I>' * mOT}0F * IK>V7T * - * i?OI?rQ0['jS', and * AROINT IÔVft - (>ÔX}I,
.
487.
(v. d.
Holland. Chijs XXII
Double briquet.
24, 25.)
Similar to No. 443.
488.
(v. d.
Holland. Chijs XXII

:
Double briquet.
26.)
Similar to No. 443, except that the obverse has a long ornamented cross instead of the fleece.
489.
Holland.
Double briquet.
30, 31, 43.)
XXII: 29; XXIII: Obv. As No. 444. Rev. Similar to No. 443.
(v. d. Chijs
The
490.
briquets of this year are similarly inscribed.
Holland.
XXIII:
Double briquet.
37, 38,44;
(v. d. Chijs
XXIV:
45, 48.)
0OIG
Obv.
Long ornamented
cross.
jSOT + I]Offi
01? + X)X}1 3(I}fROI^^F +
WVm 1X99.
Rev. Similar to No. 443, but varieties occur reading: + + G + I? * POV7T + ftBCOCO + 7TVjS +
OYX B
491.
Nimegue.
13.)
Sou.
Similar to No. 264.
(v. d. Chijs I:
492.
Utrecht. Sou. (v. d. Chijs XXI: 11.) Obv. Short ornamented
cross. *
70}IK>
Rev.
493.
Arms
of the city.
* *IK>'
^$D
DOCTMCRI
* tf* *
OQOO 99.
*
* X>[ *
:87TO
(Î
Tlf.
Brabant.
Florin d'or.
4, 5.)
(v. d. Chijs
XXI
Obv. St. Philip with sceptre and book, the quartered armorial shield
below.
jBev.
jS7QGnnt
&Tt$
Iiyi^BOÔ^ #?0
o
Ornamented
cross.
^jS
There
is
X)[I
I?OBIJS *X99. Iffl o 7tSGÎOVX

same type.
Also called " Filips-gulden."
a half of the
82
The Dated European Coinage Prior to 1501

494.
Brabaxt.
Toison d'or, or gouden

1.)
vlies.
(v. d. Chijs
XXV:
Obv. Ornamental cross with the lion of Brabant in the centre.
The IVjSTIGITT I QVI I IVX)IG7TTIJS S TOOT I 1499. last word is an abbreviation of "terrain." Rev. The ducal arms surrounded by the Order of the Golden Fleece, the latter held by two lions rampant. * -T{& % O0I S (MOT % 71^0^0
X)IXfIGIT0
I
495.
Brabant.
Obv. Similar to Rev. Similar to

496.
Double briquet. No. 443, with date J 99. No. 445.

Gold gulden.
Similar to
Frankfurt a./M.
881.)
No
432.
(Reimmann
497.
Bremen.
Four groten.
Reimmann
2250.
(Jungk 108-114.
Saurma 3370.
Knyphausen 4644.)
* flROI^TI * I>OV7I * B^0M0I>jSI^ * JX99. Rev. St. Peter seated on a throne, in one hand a key, in the other Below, the armorial shield of Johann Rode. * IOIf jS * D0I a book.
Obv.
Issued by Johann (III) Rode, Archbishop of Bremen from 1497 to 1511.
A large key.
Breisach. Dicken. Obv. Armorial shield of the city on a floriated cross in a compartment. * moists; I Bi?ijS7rGî0i>iSijs * *&99 Rev. The stoning of St. Stephen. * JS' * JSW[:I?7ERVjS I ^Ô498.

499. Nordlingen. (Saurma 1373.)
1501
83
Half
schilling.
Similar to No. 458, with the date reading

500.
99,
and occasionally
t-^99.
Eimbeck.
Kortling.
in
a beaded
circle.
(Knyphausen 5401.)
Obv.
The
letter
!KIK>
*
X)X}X
mGGGG.
XGIX
Rev.
501.
Same
as obverse.
mOI>0
I>OV7t
0^B0G
jSI?
Sachsen.
Gold gulden.
globe.
(Saurma 4411.)
Obv.
CtQJSIJS
o
The Imperial
99
CTaOI^WTI
o
IK>V7I
.
TLVS&R
.
Xil^'-
Rev. John the Baptist.

line.
5^1
TEE
IO
X)
OYDY
jSTIXQIff
Issued at Leipzig by Friedrich III, Albrecht, and Johann of the Ernestinian main
Sachsen. 502. (Gotz 4106, etc.)
Grroschen.
Similar to No. 232. There are varieties with this date of Zinsgroschen and Engelsgroschen.
Hungary. Thaler. 503. (Madai 310. Schult, R. 2352.)

Obv. St. Ladislaus on a galloping horse, with the date
*
\
below. JSTEQaWVjS Xf7TX)IiSXi7IViS B0X. Rev. Quartered arms of Hungary, Dalmatia, and Bohemia.
.
4 * 99
SIKXR-
There are
struck but cast.
varieties reading
jS7THGnnVjS and dated
J,
99*
This coin was not
504.
Thann.
Dicken.
Madai 2337.)
(Meyer 9000.
Obv.
t
Arms
of the city
on an ornamented
staff.
cross.
* 1201)0^71
HO
rj\7ZI}I$X)&l& I JX99. Rev. St. Theobald seated, holding a
jS' *
Hn^0OB7T
XiOVjS
0^jS
Thann obtained minting
privileges in
1387 but did not issue coins until 1418,
and the mint was closed in 1628.

505.
Brandenburg.
Grold gulden.
(Saurma 1204.)
Similar to No. 449, with * ffiOX?0' JX99
IÔVTI
TIV^
jSWOB7TGX}
84

506. Namur. (Chalon 216.)
1501
Patard.
jSOT
I>7T.
8
Obv.
ifcw.
8
Long
cross.
XÔmÎ?
8
X)X}1
8
setRÔiaWV
8
J&99.
8
Armorial shield.
* I?jS
D0I
0^71
TDQaiSCOV
7TVjS
X)VX
507.
BY^ GO
8
Damm.
Stettin.
99.
Schilling.
Similar to No. 456.
(Saurma 4845.)
508.
Schilling.
Similar to No. 456, except that the obverse reads: O3OI>0 I)OV7I
jOTpfl.
Til?.
Pommerania. Gold gulden. Obv. Quartered arms of Stettin -Pommern, Rugen, Giitzkow, and TIVjS Usedom, on a long cross, the figures 99 above. BO^jSXi X)
509.
OVX -jST [TII}[
Rev. 1)71.
510.
The Madonna holding

Freiburg
(in
a child.
GOI^^VTI I?OJS
o
X)Q'
Breisgau)
Dicken.
I
(Meyer 8201.)
Obv.
Head of
a raven.
* JJOjSjSVjS
^BIBVBG'
*
II?
SBIjS'
*X99
ifcw.
Seated Madonna. 7YV0 J This town in the Duchy of Baden was
MTI^
I7t
B7T
'
is
built in
1118 and the coinage
traced to
the middle of the fourteenth century.
Dicken. Obv. Eagle, a small shield of the city below. * OJjMTEQ t \R99 Rev. St. Martin on horseback, bestowing alms.
511.
*
;
Colmar.
MOI^TTI
jS' *
IK>'
MTTIQTOC
X}
7OT;qo 9
The principal city of Upper Alsace Emperor Charles IV, in 1376.

512.
it
obtained the right of seigniorage from the
Braunschweig. Groschen. Obv. Bust of a Saint holding the model of a church in his right hand. js7ERaTVjs Ttvowo^ mi 99 * MOI^T7I o ;QOV7i; BBVI}jSWIG0I?jSIjS Rev. Lion.
1501
85
513.
Basle.
Dicken.
Madai 2073.
Reimmann 6028. Saurma 1751.) Obv. Armorial shield of the city, supported by two basilisks. MCXQ0^71 8 STTjSrDietQjSIjS 11X99 * Rev. Madonna with child, standing on a crescent. 7TV0I MK^XK I
(Haller 1509.
G>y$RQTR
514.
'
Basle. Tournosgroschen. Obv. Armorial shield of city. * s OÔjSjSVjS 37rjSirfI0I?jSIJS8 99. Outer inscription: * jS7IXiV0 * J?00i;R7r * Rev. Short cross. VXiO 0X)O VOT 7T. rnijS0ÎGO^DI0. Inner inscription *>
:
Bbakdenbtjrg. 515. (Saurma 4682, 4691.)

Oftv.
Groschen.
-
Short cross with four shields in the angles.
^BOX^^nHTT.
TiXlXlO. X)OmiI>I. 1499.

ifcw.
Double
eagle. *
I07TGÎ
0rr TLTiS.
mTÔTt. B^mQBIO.
1499
to
Issued by Joachim and Albrecht
who were
the Electors from
1513.
There were mints at Berlin, Frankfurt on the river Oder (and which must not be confused with Frankfurt on the river Main), Stendal, and Krossen, and these appear on the
coins,
e.
g.
flS/KCElO^
B^MIÎÎjS,
1500
same type, and
also groschen of
There are half groschen Johann Cicero, similar to No. 437.

etc.
of the
516.
Frisia.
Stuyver.
:
(v. d. Chijs
VI
5.)
Obv.
*<;?
tow x>.orai
i?ew.
Fi&cfe
*RQTR
Long
cross,
* i?
with a star in each angle. Outer inscription: D0I 0>(jS * ^0 0I>7TI>T. Inner inscription:
i'
ma GGGG.
Double eagle over diagonal

note to No. 476.
shield.
* 70j:8TVjS
DVX
Stettin. 517. (Saurma 4848.)
Schilling.
Similar to No. 456, except that the obverse reads: fD,OX}^ $W0F I' M. V. G
IK>V7
86
1501
Double stuyver. 518. Frisia. (Reirnmann 9779.)

Obv. Double eagle.
0V80BOTTO'
11?
BSIjSI
500.
* jSIHH *
Rev. Short cross.
Outer inscription.
* X)[I' *
*
+
*
(X?'
X)IGWV'
I?Om^
Fzê
X)X)1
*
IXRI
*
V*
2CQI
Inner inscription:
TnQB'Tvjs
519.
(v. d.
dvs
js7Es;o'
zd\
note to No. 476.
Utrecht. Chijs XXL:
Florin d'or. XXII: 9, 6, 7

;
12.)
Obv. Floriated cross with crowns and fleur-de-lis in the angles.

ifei;.
Similar to the obverse of No. 492.

ffiO' *
There is a derni florin d'or of this type, the obverse reading 7iv I ^7tG I T;g7n:0aT vôeORO^ I isoo.
US
The armorial
shield below the figure of the Saint indicate
that the coins were
issued for Maestricht.

slightly in the lettering.
The
silver vlies
and stuyver are
of similar design,
and vary but
520.
Salzburg.
Gold gulden.
Saurraa 851.)
\
(Soothe 738.
Reirnmann 353.
Obv. Quartered armorial shield with date
500 above.
* Xi0OI>-
* 7I^GÎ0Î * iS7IXiG30B Rev. St. Rupert standing, at his feet the arms of Keutschach. 9 v;s jS7n}onn 9 ;hv
7I^D
DB^nn
Issued by Leonhardus von Keutschach, Archbishop of Salzburg from 1495 to 1519.
521.
Gottingen.
Kortling.
Similar to No. 26.
(Saurma 3909.)
522.
Goslar.
Groschen.
*
Obv. Eagle.
mOI^Wft
I>OV7I
OOjSIfTMffÎ?
!700 (sic)
*
Rev. Standing
1088
of
Madonna with
child.
m7#TR m7OT
0^7tGI0.
is
This town must have possessed early minting privileges, as there
mention in
VIII libra s denariorum
G-oslariensum.
523.
Deventer.
XIII
:
Stuyver.
Similar to No. 483, with date
1500.
(v. d. Chijs
4.)

524.
1501
87
Deventer.
XII: 25.)
Piedfort.
(v. d. Chijs
Obv. St. Lebuinus holding a sceptre or staff and below the diagonally placed armorial shields of Deventer and Oppersticht. * jSOjS' *
Zr^BVII)
500.
Rev. In a compartment a large shield of Deventer, and to the left and right respectively smaller shields of Deventer and Oppersticht.
CTK>' * IK>' *
>3
okv^TIpOT
Half
525.
Nordlingen. Nordlingen.
schilling.
Similar to No. 458.
526.
Gold gulden.
8
Obv.
J500
John the Baptist standing. MOI^T7I
I)OY'
IKîOIrl
8
Rev.
527.
The Imperial
Eimbeck.
globe.
M7tK;iMiriI7rH
ÔM7TNO^H
*#$K
Kortling.
8
(Knyphausen 5402.)
Similar to No. 500, but the date reads U

528. Beandenbukg. Gold gulden. (Reiromann 499. Saurma 1205.)
OOOO.
Similar to No. 449.
529. Frankfurt a./M. Grold gulden. Saurma 2161.) (J. and F. 134.
Similar to No. 432.
530.
Brandenburg.
Groschen.
(Saurma 4692, 4716.
Farina 18.)
X)omi i5oo.
The
Obv.
Obv. Short cross with four shields in the angles.

*
W.OX}
TZX}T}0
Rev. Double eagle.

There are half groschen
lOTTCCRI. 0J}. 7TO8. ttm^QTi.

same
type.
SBTER.
of the
issues for Frankfurt read:
mox} n^7to flos

Sachsen.
_ mvo.
6BTO.
Similar to No. 501.
Rev. * lOTTOCRim. 7TOI>IO. 0Xr(O.

531.
Gold gulden.
484.)
532.
Sachsen. Thaler. (Reimmann 4433, 4435. Madai

Obv.
MOH[
7T^0H DVOV jSTCSX).

*
John the
Baptist, the standing figure dividing the date 15 00.
IO
IpER.
Rev. Quartered arms with helmet above.
lEÎD
TOjS 0^.
I
Some varieties have on the reverse IÎD

Issued by Friedrich
III,
OÔ^ O
lOI^TTNN.
line.
Albreeht, and Johann of the Ernestinian main
88

533.
1501
Pommerania. Half Mark. Obv. Quartered arms on a long
cross.
X
*
jST[T
ifet>.
II? m V

BVX^jSXi
rays.
Madonna with
child surrounded
by
7IVjS OY GOI?iS0^V7^
DOjS DOffiII?7I
There are varieties with the obverse reading: BV0^Xi7t

VjS
OVS JST3TTI $X}

534.
1500
Salzburg.
Batzen.
Similar to No. 520.

tur-
(Saurrna 860.)
These coins are frequently called " Riibener," or " Ruben Batzen," from the
nip in the armorial shield of the Archbishop.
535.
The Palatinate.
Gold gulden.
Reimmann 7565.) Obv. Three armorial shields in triangular position, with the letter above them. * ^TtlXiI^ 8 ^TTXi 3 #3 8 gXi^QW 8 im&Q 8 1500 Rev. Madonna surrounded by rays, o 7TV0 8 I? 8 ^Xi( X}K 8
(Farina 2493.
Issued by Philip
I,
Elector Palatine from 1476 to 1508.
536.
Braunschweig.
Groschen.
as
Similar to
No
512, with date 1700 (sic)
Braunschweig obtained the right of seigniorage before the thirteenth century, there is a reference in the year 1204 to Sifridus et Henricus monetarii.
Dicken. Obv. Eagle. JSftljaTVjS * OTIftimBVjS * 1500 Rev. Standing bear. mOI^Tft * IX> jS7TI}GTO
537.
St.
G allen.
07110! *
538.
MtiHLHEiM.
Groschen.
Similar to No. 322.
(Saurrna 2991.)
Groschen. Obv. Floriated cross with armorial shields in the angles. * 03?OJSV;3 3 ROWjS 3 GOIT 3 13 $WKTi&$#(s> 3 1100. (sic) Rev. Armorial shield with stag, a helmet above. If3jS3I^3I3 0P 3 BOOO 3 GO 3 I 3 JSTTBCiSell?
539.
Stolberg.
Issued by Henry VIII, Henry the Younger, and Botho.

540.
1501
89
Hungary.
Thaler.
Obv. Quartered arms of Hungary, Dalmatia, and Bohemia; at the sides KB0MOTZ (sic) and HHY^jSO, with inscription: * MOH0^7t *
WXrTEOjSIrTn: * X> * * S0<MjS * VH(^7TÎ0 * J500. ifoy. St. Ladislaus on a galloping horse. jS7THarrVjS
**
Xi7TOI3Xi7r
Addenda
1436
Groschen. Obv. Short cross. Outer inscription * 7TI>I}0 8 >I}I' 8 ^DlXiîSISftOGGGG 8 Inner inscription *MOI>(rr:ZI 8 I>OV7T 8 D0 8 B7I ifev. Bust of the Emperor Charlemagne holding the model of a church in his right hand and the Imperial globe in his left a shield below. * HTO^CKOBIGVjS 8 8 SÔX}' * Dietrich II von Bronckhorst, Duke of Batenburg (1432-1451), copied the types
. :
33 #
Batenburg.
SSXYI
of the groschen of
Aachen.
This probably unique coin
is
described in detail in the
Blatter fur Munzfreunde, 1913, pp. 5370, 5371.
J477
183*.
Bolsward.
IV:
8.)
Escalin.
Similar to No. 184, infra.
(v. d. Chijs
1479
Wolfhagen. Pfennig. The half-length figure of a Landgrave holding a sword right hand and the Imperial globe in his left. 7II)I}0 * X)X}1 * GGXiXXIK:.
.
208 # Obv.
in his
I2GG-
over the centre door a human head and over each of the side entrances a banner. 1201)0^71 * WOXiIJ Rev.
A tower with triple
gateway
This town obtained the right of seigniorage from

ence to a
there
is
Duke Henry
is
I of
Hessen, in
is
1264, and in the following year a mint must have been in operation as there
refer-
Conradus monetarius.
The above described
coin
probably unique, and
no reference to any pieces having been struck here after the fifteenth century.
MAP SHOWING THE TOWNS

The
numerals show the year the
ISSUING COINS
first
DATED BEFORE
1501
dated coins were issued in each town
Index of Localities
(Numbers with an
Aachen
asterisk [*] are in the supplementary list.)
1-3, 8-20, 329, 338, 353, 354, 371, 430
Aix-la-Chapelle.
Vide Aachen.
Franeker 273, 294, 303, 346, 361, 380 Frankfurt a./M. 364, 398, 416, 428, 432, 451,
470, 496, 529
Antwerp
165, 174, 181, 210, 225, 241, 245, 331,
330, 387, 440
Freiburg.
50, 51, 58, 62, 00, 77, 80, 81
(Switzerland) 86.
Bacharach 33-35, Baer 70
Freiburg in Breisgau 510

Frisia 157, 167, 249, 315, 355, 476, 516, 518
Basle 356, 370, 404, 429, 513, 514 Batenburg 33*
Garz 219, 317, 325, 368, 378, 480

Gelderland.
Vide Gueldres.
Berne 369, 403, 414 Biugen 27, 44, 57, 63,

183*, 184
Gorz 180
68, 76
Bolswarcl 87-89, 93, 108, 147, 154, 164,
170,
Gottingen 26, 29, 116, 121, 213, 330, 337, 358, 426, 521
Goslar 522
Bonn
83
Brabant and Flanders 148, 155, 165, 174, 181,

1S5, 205, 210, 211, 225, 241, 245, 267, 284,
Graz 72, 96-98, 106, 123, 133, 134, 139, 145, 192, 252, 263, 277, 291, 328, 347, 365, 402 Groningen 37, 52-54, 84, 85, 90, 92, 99, 100, 102104, 110, 122, 129, 137, 138, 146, 151, 156, 163, 171, 177, 198, 242, 270, 278, 283, 301,
285, 298-300, 310, 331-333, 348, 387, 445,
446, 462, 479, 493-495
Brandenburg 224, 437, 449, 450, 468, 469, 505,

515, 528, 530
302, 362, 363, 388, 473-475, 485, 486
Braunschweig 512, 536

Breisach 498
Gueldres 158-161, 168, 194, 212, 288, 312, 391, 447
Hamburg 454
Hannover 236
Hasselt 195, 203, 217, 230, 418
Bremen 497
Brussels 298
Campen
198, 218, 308, 309
Hessen 117-119, 125

Hildesheim 345, 360, 379, 410, 419, 431 Hochst 31, 47 Holland 188, 200, 216, 227, 240, 246, 265, 266,
281, 290, 295-297, 335, 336, 390, 413, 443,
Cleve 30, 166, 206, 207, 235, 259, 271, 282, 313, 341, 385, 453
Coblentz 32, 41, 45, 46, 60, 65, 79 Colmar 511
Cologne.
Vide Koln.
444, 487-490.
Holy Koman Empire
91, 124, 128, 179, 223, 287
Damm
357, 367, 401, 415, 424, 436, 456, 507
Hungary
503, 540
Deutz 237, 318, 321 Deventer 112-115, 130, 131, 136, 141, 143, 152,
172, 198, 199, 228, 304, 305, 308, 477, 483,
Jever 231, 324 Jungheit 1-3
523, 524
Dordrecht 287
Diiren 142
Koln 22, 25, 28, 38, Konigsee 408, 409
64, 71, 349, 350, 412,
464
Leeuwarden
East Frisia.
Vide Frisia.
149, 150, 292, 293, 393, 399
Leipzig 178, 501
Eimbeck
Flanders.
500, 527
Erfurt 127, 422, 440, 472

Vide Brabaut.
Liege 43, 175, 190, 208, 226, 234, 248, 255-258. 269, 279, 306, 307, 326
Lippe 481, 482
92
Liittich.
The Dated Europe ax Coixage Prior to

Vide Lieo-e.
1501
Maestricht 519
Salzburg 520, 534 Schonforst and Sichem 4-7, oo, 56, 66 Schwarzburg 408, 409
Mainz
23, 39, 40, 340. 352. 375, 376, 405. 427,
Sichem.
Sitten 471
Vide Schonforst.
433
Malines 299, 391 Mors 215 Miihleim 233, 253, 254, 322, 538
Sneek 183, 389, 400

Stettin 508, 517
Stolberg 250, 372, 411, 539

Styria 221, 238, 275, 320, 327, 344
Xabburg 50
Xamur
463, 506
Sweden
Treves.
193, 222, 316, 448
Xeumarkt 442
Xeuss 386
Thann 504
Vide Trier.
Trier 42. 351
Ximegue
105, 169, 264, 268, 280. 311, 334, 491
Xordlingen 359, 381, 397, 417, 430, 434, 457.

458, 466, 467, 499, 525, 526
Tyrol 196, 197, 260, 261, 274
Ober-Sachsen.
Palatinate,
Vide Sachsen.
24, 339, 373, 374, 406, 421, 425,
Utrecht 153. 173, 182, 186, 187, 201, 243, 244, 247, 286, 394-396, 420, 461, 478, 492, 519
Wernigerocle 250, 372, 411
The
435, 452, 535
Pfalz-Mosbach 442
Wesel 272, 314, 323, 342, 384 Wiener Xeustadt 101, 135, 140,
144, 176, 191,
Pommerania
377, 509, 533
204, 220, 229, 239, 251, 262, 276, 289
Riehl 36, 48, 49, 59, 61. 67, 73-75, 78, 82, 107 Koermond 212
Wolfhagen 208*
Wiirttemberg 423 Wiirzburg 438
Sachsen 94, 95, 109. Ill, 120, 126, 132, 162, 178.
189, 214, 232, 319, 343, 382, 383, 407. 441, 455, 465, 501, 502, 531, 532.
St.
Zutphen 202, 209 Zwickau 178

Zwolle 308, 392, 459, 460, 484
Gallen 21, 537
237 90

The Dated European Coinage Prior To 1501 / by Albert R. Frey

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The Dated European Coinage Prior To 1501 / by Albert R. Frey

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THE DATED EUROPEAN COINAGE

BOX 1875 NEW YORK CITY

THE EARLIEST DATED THALER.

THE DATED EUROPEAN COINAGE

The Dated Eueopean Coinage Prior to

The dated Mediaeval coinage

The Dated European Coinage Prior to

about the only exception.

The Dated European Coinage Prior to

added, and bears the

of interest to give a translation.

Gold marabotin Alfonsin or dinar.

In the name of the Father and of the Son and of

Holy Ghost, one God, He

baptized shall be saved.

The Dated European Coinage Prior to

Obv. In centre. Rev. In centre.

Gold, ten doblas. Obv. Bust of the king.

Rev. Quartered arms of Castile and Leon.

rtxxxx viii We now come

to another series of dated coins, and, although not

but one God.

The Dated European Coinage Prior to

Amen, Amen, Amen,

The various Crusader

LIST OF AUTHORITIES CITED

The Dated European Coinage Prior to

Vollstandiges Thaler-Cabinet. Konigsberg, 1765-74.

Repertorium d. steierischen Miinzkunde. Grate, 1865-67.

Soothe Soothe, J. C, Hamburg, 1784.

hochst ansehnliches Ducaten-Cabinet.

The Dated European Coinage Prior

Long -cross Groschen

what period they obtained

Long -cross Groschen

of Jungheit. Meyer 7554.)

7YX> X)I>I. m IVX>G ;^[inn

Outer inscription: XG VIX>OI XG ^>0I> 0^7T * OOOXi'KKXJJl: Inner inscription: MOX>

Rev. Bust of Charlemagne as on preceding. xyvjs s iiv[:e7OT

Long-cross Groschen of Jungheit.

7YHO X)I>I XVIiO S(OT

The Dated European Coinage Prior to

some have a Maltese

cross * preceding the Emperor's

Outer inscription: TLTtRO D Inner inscription MOI) 0^71

OffiII)I jSGO V OH3

Bev. Arms, nine pellets in a shield.

also occurs as Schoonvorst.

Issued by Reinhard II (13911419), successor to Reinhard

Schonforst and Sichem.

Short -cross Groschen.

(Lietzmann 13, 14.

Obv. Cross dividing inner inscription only.

Outer inscription: jS(GViyOO. Inner

were to Urkundenbuch des Niederrheins, (I: 412).

Emperor Frederick I, be accepted in this town according

to their respective values.

Short -cross Groschen.

The Dated European Coinage Prior to

Short -cross Groschen.

Short -cross Groschen.

Short -cross Groschen.

Short -cross Groschen.