CU IU KIN (CONDITIONAL SENTENCES) 1.1 Din t cu iu kin.

1.1.1 iu kin c th thc hin c thi hin ti.

Will/shall If + Subject + simple present + subject + in simple form] can/ may V d: If I have the money, I will buy a new car. If you try more, you will improve your English. We will have plenty of time to finish the project before dinner if it is only ten oclock now. If + subject + simple present tense + subject + ... + simple present tense Mu cu ny cn c dng din t mt thi quen. V d: If the doctor has morning office hours, he visits his patients in the hospital in the afternoon (khng c ng t khuyt thiu.) John usually walks to school if he has enough time. If + Subject + simple present tense ... + command form* ... * Nn nh rng mnh lnh thc dng n gin ca ng t (simple form) Mu cu trn c ngha l nh ai, ra lnh cho ai lm g. V d: If you go to the Post Office, please mail this letter for me. Please call me if you hear from Jane. + [verb

1.1.2 iu kin khng th thc hin c thi hin ti.

Would/should If + Subject + simple past + subject + in simple form could/ might + verb

V d: If I had enough money now, I would buy this house ( but now I dont have enough money.) If I had the time, I would go to the beach with you this weekend.

(but I dont have the time.) ( Im not going to the beach with you.) He would tell you about it if he were here. ( he wont tell you about it.) ( He is not here). If he didnt speak so quickly, you could understand him. (He speaks very quickly.) (You cant understand him.) Lu : ng t to be sau if mu cu ny phi chia lm were tt c cc ngI: I,... they were. V d: If I were you, I wouldnt do such a thing. (but Im not you.)

1.1.3 iu kin khng th thc hin c thi qu kh.

Would/should If + Subject + past perfect + subject + have + P2 could / might +

V d: If we hadnt lost the way we could have been here in time. (but in fact we lost the way, so we were late.) If we had known that you were there, we would have written you a letter. (We didnt know that you were there.) ( we didnt write you a letter.) She would have sold the house if she had found the right buyer. (She didnt sell the house.) (She didnt find the right buyer.) If we hadnt lost the way, we would have arrived sooner. (We lost our way.) (we didnt arrive early.) Cu iu kin khng phi lc no cng tun theo ng cng thc trn, trong mt s trng hp 1 v ca cu iu kin qu kh cn mt v li hin ti do thi gian ca tng mnh quy nh. V d: If she had caught the flight she would be here by now. Lu : Trong mt s trng hp cu iu kin khng th thc hin c thi qu kh, ngi ta b if i v o had ln u cu nhng ngha vn gi nguyn. Had + subject + [verb in past participle ]... V d: Had we known you were there, we would have written you a letter. Had she found the right buyer, she would have sold the house. Hadnt we lost the way, we would have arrived sooner.

1.1.4 Cc cch dng c bit ca will, would v should trong cc mnh if

Thng thng nhng ng t ny khng c dng ng sau if nhng nu c dng n s mang ngha sau: If you will /would. Thng c dng trong cc yu cu lch s ( Would lch s hn) V d: If you would wait a moment, I will see if Mr John is here. (Nu c vui lng ch mt cht, ti s xem liu ng John c y khng.) I would be very grateful if you will/ would make an arrangement for me. If you could + verb in simple form. Nu ng vui lng - Ngi ni cho rng ngi kia s ng nh mt l tt nhin V d: If you could fill in this form. If you could open your books. If + subject + will / would. Nu ... chu - Din t t nguyn V d: If he will (would) listen to me, I can help him. Nu n chu nghe theo li ti th ti c th gip n. If + subject + will. Din t s ngoan c. V d: If you will learn English this way, a failure for TOFEL test is sure awaiting you. Nu cu m c hc ting Anh theo cch ny th trt k thi TOFEL chc chn ang ch n cu. If + subject +should. Din t mt hnh ng d rt c th c song kh nng rt t v khi ni ngi ni khng tin l s vic li c th xy ra. V d: If you shouldnt know how to use this TV set, please call me up this number.

Nu anh khng bit cch s dng chic tivi ny, hy gi in cho ti s my ny. (Ni vy nhng ngi ni khng cho rng l anh ta li khng bit s dng chic tivi .) If you should have any difficulties while doing these exercises, please feel free to ask me. (Ngi thy khng cho rng cu hc sinh li khng lm c nhng bi tp - v chng rt d hoc cu hc tr rt thng minh) - Trong mt s trng hp ngi ta b if i v o should ln u cu m ng ngha khng thay i. V d: Should you have any difficulties while doing these exercises, please feel free to ask me. Should it be cloudy and gray, the groundhog will supposedly wander around for food - a sign that spring is near. ( Nu tri c nhiu my v bu

tri xm xt th ngi ta cho l con sc t s i lang thang kim n l du hiu ca ma Xun ang ti gn). Thc ra, khi s dng cu trc ny th tc gi cho rng khi con sc t chui ra th rt him khi tri li c nhiu my v bu tri li xm li - c th l do kt qu thng k. 2.

Cch s dng thnh ng as if, as though.

(C ngha l : dng nh l, nh th l) - Mnh ng sau 2 thnh ng ny thng hay dng iu kin khng th thc hin c v chia lm 2 thi:

2.1

Thi hin ti

Nu ng t mnh trc chia simple present th ng t mnh sau phi chia simple past, ng t to be s phi chia l were tt c cc ngi.
as if Subject + verb (simple present) + (simple past) as though

+ subject + verb

V d: The old lady dresses as if it were winter even in the summer.

Hin ti qu kh

(It is not winter.) Angelique walks as though she studied modelling.

Hin ti qu kh

(She didnt study modelling) He acts as though he were rich.

Hin ti qu kh

(He is not rich)

2.2

Thi qu kh.

Nu ng t mnh trc chia simple past th ng t mnh 2 phi chia past perfect.
as if Subject + verb (simple past) + + subject + verb (past perfect) as though

V d: Betty talked about the contest as if she had won the grand prize.
Past simple past perfect

(She didnt win the grand prize.) Jeff looked as if he had seen a ghost.
Past simple past perfect

(She didnt see a ghost.)

He looked as though he had run ten miles.
Past simple past perfect

(He didnt run ten miles.)

C 2 dng chia sau as if u din t iu kin khng th thc hin c.

Lu : Trong mt s trng hp nu iu kin l c tht th 2 cng thc trn khng c tun theo. ng t li tr v dng bnh thng theo din bin ca cu. V d: He looks as if he has finish the test.