Global Energy Balance in the Exchanger and Losses Study

OBJECTIVES: To calculate the global energy balance in the exchanger by calculating the heat transferred by the hot fluid, the heat gained by the cold fluid and heat losses. Calculate the logarithmic temperature mean difference and the global heat transfer coefficient. APPARATUS: EDIBON TICTs Shell and Tube Exchanger

THEORY: A shell and tube heat exchanger is a class of heat exchanger designs. It is the most common type of heat exchanger in oil refineries and other large chemical processes, and is suited for higher-pressure applications. As its name implies, this type of heat exchanger consists of a shell (a large pressure vessel) with a bundle of tubes inside it. One fluid runs through the tubes, and another fluid flows over the tubes (through the shell) to transfer heat between the two fluids. The set of tubes is called a tube bundle, and may be composed by several types of tubes: plain, longitudinally finned, etc.

PROCEDURES: 1. Check that the valves are opened and that we have parallel flow configuration. 2. Check that the heating tank is full of water, above the level switch. 3. Switch on the pump and the resistor (equipment supply). 4. Set the tank temperature at 450 Celsius (ST16). 5. Fix the hot water flow in about 3 l/min (SC1) and adjust cold water flow until reaching stationary operating conditions keeping the temperature set in the tank constant. 6. Write down temperature and flow measurements on the experimental sheet. 7. Repeat steps 5 and 6 for different water temperatures in the tank: 500C, 550C, and 600C. 8. Once the measurements may have been taken, you may calculate the heat transferred by the hot water, the heat absorbed by the cool water, heat losses, logarithmic mean temperature and the global heat transfer coefficient.

DATA AND RESULTS: Table for measurements taken during the practice: Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 ST-16 (0C) 45 50 55 0 ST-1 ( C) 42 45 50 ST-2 (0C) 40 42 46 0 ST-3 ( C) 35 36 37 ST-4 (0C) 37 38 42 0 ST-5 ( C) 37 39 42 0 ST-6 ( C) 38 40 44 ST-7 (0C) 37 40 43 SC-1 (l/min) 2.2 2 1.95 SC-2 (l/min) 1.06 0.95 0.88 Parallel Flow; SC-1(Inlet hot water); SC-2(Discharge cold water) Test 4 60 54 49 38 43 44 45 45 2 0.85

Considering the measurements above, you may calculate the following thermodynamic variables: - Heat transferred by the hot water (qh) - Heat absorbed by the cold water (qc) - Heat losses (ql) - Logarithmic temperatures mean difference between hot and cold water (Tln) - Global Heat transfer coefficient (U) qh (W) qc(W) ql(W) Tln (0K) U (W/m2-0K) Test 1 -307.3 148 -159.3 4.721 5166.04 4146 Test 2 -419 263.4 -153.6 5.944 5594.5 4489.84 Test 3 -544.7 368.78 -175.98 10.88 3973.36 3188.09 Test 4 -698.3 415.5 -282.8 9.967 5560.41 -9402.56

CONCLUSION: After finishing the experiment Ive learned the proper adjustment of valves for the parallel flow. The temperature measurement using shell and tube heat exchanger is easy since we used the service unit electronic interface. Using the parameters of flow and different temperatures on the segments of the heat exchanger we can compute for the heat transfer, absorbed, losses, and logarithmic temperature mean difference.

REFERENCE:

Sadik Kaka and Hongtan Liu (2002). Heat Exchangers: Selection, Rating and Thermal Design (2nd Edition ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0902-6.

Perry, Robert H. and Green, Don W. (1984). Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook (6th Edition ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-049479-7.

"Shell and Tube Exchangers". Retrieved 2009-05-08. "Applications and Uses". Retrieved 2011-08-23. Heat Exchanger Shell Bellows Piping Technology and Products, (retrieved March 2012)