r05312105 Aerospace Propulsion I

Code No: R05312105 Set No.
1
III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
AEROSPACE PROPULSION-I
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. Consider an air standard Brayton cycle, where the air enters the compressor at
0.1 Mpa, 18o C. It leaves the compressor at 0.5 Mpa. TIT is 900o C. Determine
pressure and temperature at each point in the cycle. Work out the efficiency of its
compressor, turbine and the overall engine. [16]
2. A turbo-prop driven airplane is flying at 650 Km / h at an altitude where the ambi-

ent conditions are 0.455 bar and -10o C. The compressor pressure ratio is 9.5 :1 and
the turbine inlet temperature is 1250 K. The isentropic efficiencies of compressor
and turbine are 0.85 and 0.90 respectively. Assuming that no thrust is generated
by the jet exhaust from the engine; calculate the specific power input available to
the propeller. [16]
3. Consider a front air intake for a subsonic turbojet airplane as that for He-178 or
F-86 Saber jet. Show the internal layout for the air to be swallowed by the engine.
Explain its aerodynamics and thermodynamics in details when the airplane climbs
at higher angles in its flight. [16]
4. Consider a conical spike type supersonic air inlet with fixed geometry for optimum
performance at one Mach number. Describe its aerodynamics and thermodynamics
at the design Mach number. What happens when the operating mach number is
the design Mach number at a small angle of yaw β = 2o ? [16]
5. List down the factors affecting the performance of a combustion chamber. How
‘pressure loss’ and ‘stability limits’ affect the performance? [16]
6. (a) What are the advantages and disadvantages of convergent propelling nozzles?
(b) Explain the following:
i. Ejector nozzles
ii. Thrust reversal [16]
7. The following results were obtained from a test on a small single-sided centrifugal
compressor:
Compressor delivery stagnation pressure = 2.97bar
Compressor delivery stagnation temperature = 429K
Static pressure at impeller tip = 1.92bar
Mass flow = 0.60kg/s
Rotational speed = 766rev/s
Ambient conditions = 0.99bar and 288K
Calculate the overall isentropic efficiency of the compressor.
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Code No: R05312105 Set No. 1
The diameter of the impeller is 16.5cm, the axial depth of the vaneless diffuser is
1.0cm and the number of impeller vanes is 17. Making use of Stanitz equation for
slip factor, calculate the stagnation pressure at the impeller tip and, hence, find
the fraction of the overall loss which occur in the impeller. [16]
8. The first stage of an axial compressor is designed on free vortex principle, with
no inlet guide vanes. The rotational speed is 6000rev/min and the stagnation
temperature rise is 20K. The hub-tip ratio is 0.60, the work-done factor is 0.93 and
the isentropic efficiency of the stage is 0.89. Assuming an inlet velocity of 140m/s
and ambient conditions of 1.01bar and 288K, calculate:
(a) The tip radius and corresponding rotor air angles β1 and β2 if the Mach number
relative to the tip is limited to 0.95.
(b) The mass flow entering the stage.
(c) The stage stagnation pressure ratio and power required. [16]
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1. Air enters a compressor at a pressure of 0.12 Mpa and temperature of 288K. It

leaves the compressor at a pressure of 0.65 Mpa. The maximum temperature in
cycle is 900o C. Assume the compressor efficiency of 80% and turbine efficiency of
85%.a pressure drop of 0.15Kpa takes place in the combustion chamber. Determine
the compressor work, turbine work and cycle efficiency. [16]
2. A turbo-prop driven airplane is flying at 635 Km / h at an altitude where the

ambient conditions are 0.5 bar and -8o C. The compressor pressure ratio is 9.5 :1 and
the turbine inlet temperature is 1250 K. The isentropic efficiencies of compressor
and turbine are 0.85 and 0.90 respectively. Assuming that no thrust is generated
by the jet exhaust from the engine; calculate the specific power input available to
the propeller. [16]
Explain its aerodynamics and thermodynamics in details when the airplane is in
its cruising flight. [16]
4. How does a supersonic air intake differ from a subsonic air intake in its appear-
ance and performance? Explain with sketches / diagrams their aerodynamics and
thermodynamics. [16]
5. What do you understand by ‘flame stabilization’ ? What are the various methods
used for flame stabilization in a combustion chamber? Explain the swirl vane
mechanism with the help of a sketch. [16]
6. Explain the significance of the following terms:
(a) Nozzle throat condition

(b) Interaction of nozzle flow with adjacent surfaces. [16]
7. The following results were obtained from a test on a small single-sided centrifugal
compressor:
Compressor delivery stagnation pressure = 2.97bar
Compressor delivery stagnation temperature = 429K
Static pressure at impeller tip = 1.92bar
Mass flow = 0.60kg/s
Ambient conditions = 0.99bar and 288K
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Calculate the overall isentropic efficiency of the compressor.
The diameter of the impeller is 16.5cm, the axial depth of the vaneless diffuser is
1.0cm and the number of impeller vanes is 17. Making use of Stanitz equation for
slip factor, calculate the stagnation pressure at the impeller tip and, hence, find
the fraction of the overall loss which occur in the impeller. [16]
8. Ax axial flow compressor stage blade diagram at mean radius has values of U=172m/s,
V1 =745m/s, V2 =133m/s, Vr1 =270m/s, Vr2 =210m/s and V3 leaving the next fixed
row is equal to V1 . Find the probable maximum pressure change in the moving
and in the fixed row if the medium flowing has a density of 1.6kg/m3 , which can
be considered essentially constant throughout the stage. What type of blading is
this? [16]
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1. 1Consider an air standard Brayton cycle, where the air enters the compressor at
0.1 Mpa,20o C .It leaves the compressor at 0.55 Mpa. TIT is 950o C. Determine
pressure and temperature at each point in the cycle.Work out the efficiency of its
compressor,turbine and the overall engine. [16]
2. What are various methods available for improving the thrust out put from a turbo-
jet engine? Explain any two of these with all details including sketches and T-s
plots. [16]
Explain its aerodynamics and thermodynamics in details when the airplane climbs
at shallow angle. [16]
4. Consider a conical spike type supersonic air inlet with fixed geometry for optimum
performance at one Mach number. Describe its aerodynamics and thermodynamics
at the design Mach number. What happens when the operating mach number is
the design Mach number at a small angle of yaw β = 2o ? [16]
5. (a) Determine the combustor efficiency of a main burner with the following data:
Pt3 = 200 psia Tt3 = 10000 R m= 100 lbm/s
2
φ = 0.6 Aref = 1.5 f t H = 2 in
(b) Define the following terms and explain their importance with respect to com-
bustion chamber:
i. Equivalence ratio
ii. Combustor loading parameter
iii. Profile factor correlation parameter. [16]
6. A supersonic nozzle expands air from p0 = 25bar and T0 = 1050K to an exit pressure
of 4.35bar. The exit area of the nozzle is 100cm2 . Determine
(a) throat area,

(b) the temperature at exit,
(c) pressure and temperature at throat,
(d) exit velocity as fraction of the maximum attainable velocity and
(e) mass flow rate. [16]
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7. The following data refers to a single-sided centrifugal compressor:
Impeller tip speed = 455.5m/s
Stagnation temperature rise = 193K
Pressure ratio = 4.23
Eye tip diameter = 0.3m
Eye root diameter = 0.15m
Slip factor = 0.9
Inlet stagnation temperature = 295K
Inlet stagnation pressure = 1.1bar
Air mass flow = 9kg/s
Assume the velocity of air at inlet to be axial.
(a) Calculate the inlet angle of the impeller vane at the root and tip radii of the
eye assuming that the axial inlet velocity is constant across the eye annulus.
(b) Estimate the axial depth of the impeller channel at the periphery of the im-
peller. [16]
8. (a) Explain the following coefficients of performance with respect to axial flow
compressor:
i. Flow coefficient
ii. Pressure coefficient
iii. Work coefficient
(b) Explain blade loading with respect to axial flow compressor. [16]
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1. Consider an operational gas turbine engine in an airplane. Taking effect of all the
components explain its working. Make use of neat sketches. Plot the pressure,
temperature and velocity across this engine. [16]
2. What are various components of a turbo-prop engine? What are the requirement of
each component towards this engine. Explain the themodynamics and advantages
of a turbo-prop over other power plants available for this purpose in aviation and
military usage? [16]
3. Consider Ear type air intakes for a subsonic airplane as that for Gnat / Ajit fighter
plane. Show the internal layout for the swallowed air to reach the engine. Explain
its aerodynamics and thermodynamics in details when the airplane takes a turn of
about 10 in its yaw plane. [16]
4. Consider a supersonic airplane with Ear type air intakes ahead of the wing root
ends on the fuselage. Describe its aerodynamics and thermodynamics at its design
Mach number at a small positive angle of attack. [16]
5. What are the basic requirements of a fuel injection system? Explain the working
of a typical fuel injection system of a turbine engine with the help of a sketch. [16]
6. (a) What are the advantages and disadvantages of convergent propelling nozzles?
(b) Explain the following:
i. Ejector nozzles
ii. Thrust reversal [16]
7. (a) Determine the pressure ratio of a single sided centrifugal compressor and the
power required to drive it, assuming that the velocity of air at inlet is axial,
with the help of following data:
Overall diameter of impeller = 0.45m
Air mass flow = 8kg/s
Inlet stagnation temperature = 290K
Isentropic efficiency = 0.79
Slip factor = 0.9
(b) Derive the relationship for work done and pressure ratio of a centrifugal com-
pressor. [16]
8. Write notes on the following:
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(a) Axial compressor characteristics.
(b) Compressibility effects in axial flow compressors. [16]
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Code No: R05312105 Set No.

2. A turbo-prop driven airplane is flying at 650 Km / h at an altitude where the ambi-

1. Air enters a compressor at a pressure of 0.12 Mpa and temperature of 288K. It

2. A turbo-prop driven airplane is flying at 635 Km / h at an altitude where the

6. Explain the significance of the following terms:

(a) Nozzle throat condition

(a) throat area,

8. Write notes on the following:

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