REDOX

Displacement of halogens from halide solution Halogens : element in group 17 (chlorine, Cl2 , bromine, Br2 , and iodine, I2 ) Halides : element of ion in group 17 (chloride ion, Cl- , bromide ion, Br- and iodide ion, I- ) Still remember.

When go down group 17, reactivity of halogen decrease.

Why ..? (anwer) So , the power of halogen as oxidizing agent also decrease when go down the group. This means halogen at higher position in group 17 can displace halogen at lower position, from it halides solution.

Thus; There are three reactions that can take place. Can you state all this three process?

Halogen colour in tetrachloromethane is usually use to identify the type of halogen presence. Observe the reaction above.
i.
(shake the mixture strongly)

+
2 cm3 chlorine water solution

2 cm3 tetrachloromethane solution

Colour of chlorine water in tetrachlorometane (pale yellow / colourless)

(pale yellow /colourless)

ii.
(shake the mixture strongly)

2 cm + tetrachloromethane
3

Colour of bromine water in tetrachloromethane

solution 2 cm3 bromine water solution (brownish yellow)

(orange)

iii.
(stronger shake the mixture)

+
2 cm3 iodine water/solution (brown)

2 cm3 tetrachlorometana solution

Colour of iodine in tetrachlorometane (purple)

Complete the following table;

The colour in the Colour in aqueous solution Halogen tetrachloromethan concentrate e dilute d Chlorine Colourless / pale colourless Pale yellow water,Cl2 yellow Bromine Brownish yellow Orange/brown water,Br2 yellow Iodine yellow Brown purple water, I2

Halogen can be identify by mixing the tetrachlormethane agent solution to the aqueous

solution. Water and tetrachloromethane will not dissolve together but will form two layer. The upper layer is water and below is tetrachloromethane layer.
Tips : look at the colour of the tetrachloromethane layer to determine the halogen that presence.

Cl2 + 2KBr Br2 + 2KCl

(add and shake the mixture) (shake the mixture strongly)

2 cm3 chlorine water solution (pale yellow/ colourless)

2 cm3 potassium bromide solution (colourless)

2 cm3 tetrachlorometane solution

Water layer: yellow Tetrachlorometane layer :orange

Chlorine is more reactive than bromine, the strength of oxidizing agent for chlorine is more stronger than bromine. Thus chlorine will displace bromine from potassium bromide solution. Orange colour in tetrachloromethane layer proved the presence of bromine, Br2 in the mixture. Chlorine is reduced to chloride ion. Chlorine also act as oxidizing agent. Half equation : Cl2 + 2e 2Cl-

The oxidation number of chlorine is decreases from 0 to -1. 1 molecule of chlorine gains 2 elctrons to form 2 chloride ions. Thus, chlorine undergoes reduction process. Bromide ion is oxidize to bromine. Bromide ion also act as reducing agent.

Half equation : 2Br- Br2 + 2e

The oxidation number for bromine is increases from -1 to 0. 2 bromide ions loses 2 electrons to become 1 bromine molecule Bromide ions is undergoes oxidation

Total ionic equation :

Cl2 + 2Br- 2Cl- + Br2

How this process is made? Considered the following reaction;

Cl2 + 2KI I2 + 2KCl

(add and shake the mixture)

(stronger shake the mixture)

2 cm3 potassium 2 cm3 chlorine iodide solution water solution (pale yellow/ (colourless) colourless)

2 cm3 tetrachlorometane solution

Water layer: yellow Tetrachlorometane layer purple

Chlorine is more reactive than iodine, Thus chlorine will displace iodine from potassium iodide solution. The purple colour in tetrachloromethane layer proved the present of iodine, I2 in the solution. Can you state all the following matter?;

Cl2 + 2e 2Cl-1 2I- I2 + 2e

i. ii.
iii. iv. v.

vi. vii. viii. ix. x. Contd 5.2

Changes of oxidation number for chlorine in this reaction. Changes of oxidation number for iodine in this reaction. Substances that is oxidize : ISubstances that is reduced : Cl2 Oxidizing agent Reducing agent Half equation for oxidation process Half equation for reduction process Total ionic equation Observation in the reaction above

How this reaction is made? Considered this reaction; Br2 + 2KI I2 + 2KBr
(add and shake the mixture) ) (stronger shake the mixture)

2 cm3 bromine water solution (brown)

2 cm3 tetrachlorometane solution

2 cm3 potassium iodide solution (colourless) Water layer: yellow Tetrachlorometane layer :purple

Bromine is more reactive than iodine, so the power of oxidizing agent for chlorine is more stronger than iodine. By that, bromine will displace iodine from it potassium iodide solution. The purple colour in tetrachlorometane layer prove the present of iodine, I2 in the solution. Can you state all the following matter?; i. Changes of oxidation number for bromine in this reaction. ii. Changes of oxidation number for iodine in this reaction. iii. Substances that is oxidize iv. Substances that is reduced v. Oxidizing agent vi. Reducing agent vii. Half equation for oxidation process viii. Half equation for reduction process ix. Total ionic equation x. Observation in the reaction above

(continue) Ok, its sure that you had master in this reaction,so Considered the following reaction;

(add and shake the mixture)

(stronger shake the mixture)

2 cm bromine water solution

2 cm3 potassium iodide solution (pale yellow/ (colourless) colourless)

2 cm3 tetrachlorometane solution

Water layer: yellow Tetrachlorometane layer :orange

(add and shake the mixture)

(stronger shake the mixture)

2 cm3 iodine water solution

2 cm3 tetrachlorometane solution

2 cm3 potassium (pale yellow/ iodide solution(colourless) colourless)

Water layer: yellow Tetrachlorometane layer :purple

(add and shake the mixture)

(stronger shake the mixture) 2 cm + tetrachlorometane

3

2 cm3 iodine water solution

2 cm3 potassium bromide solution (pale yellow/ (colourless) colourless)

solution

Water layer: yellow Tetrachlorometane layer :purple