Review Exercises for Chapter 4

483

Review Exercises for Chapter 4

2.
y

4.
f

u du

3x 3 dx
3

2 dx 3x

2 3

3x

1 3

3 dx

3x

2 3

6.

x3

2x2 x2

dx

x 1 2 x 2

2 2x

x 1 x

dx C

8.

5 cos x

2 sec2 x dx

5 sin x

2 tan x

10. f x f x

6x

1 6x 1 dx 3x 1
2

12. 45 mph C1 30 mph at

66 ft sec 44 ft sec a 66 ft sec. 0.

Since the slope of the tangent line at 2, 1 is 3, it follows that f 2 3 C1 3 when C1 0. f x f x f 2 f x 1 x 3x 3x C2 1

3

at 66 since v 0 a2 st t 66t since s 0 2 Solving the system vt s(t we obtain t 55 12 t s 72 5 at a2 t 2 66 66t 44 264

vt

1 2 dx

C2

1 when C2

0.

24 5 and a 55 12. We now solve 66 0 and get t 72 5. Thus, 55 12 72 2 5

2

66

72 5

475.2 ft.

Stopping distance from 30 mph to rest is 475.2 14. a t vt st (a) v t (b) s 4.08 (c) v t (d) s 2.04 9.8 m sec2 9.8t 4.9t2 9.8t v0 40t 40 9.8t s0 40 0 40 9.8 4.08 sec. 264 211.2 ft.

0 when t

81.63 m 9.8t 40 20 when t 20 9.8 2.04 sec.

61.2 m

484 16. x1 (a) (b)

Chapter 4 2, x2 1 5 x 5i 1 i
5 i 5 1

Integration 1, x3 5, x4 1 1 1 5 22 1 5 1 3 2 2 3, x5 3 1 7
2

7 16 5 37 210 2 1 1 1 3
2

1 2 5 1 2 xi2 xi

1 xi 2xi

(c)
i 5 1

25 5 7

5 3

23 5

27

56

(d)
i 2

xi

18. y

1 2 x, x 4 1 9 1 4 4

1, n

4 1 9 4 1 16 4 1 25 4

S4

22.5 s4 1 9 1 9 4 9 1 16 4 9 1 25 4 9 9

14.5 2 n f ci
i n n 1
y 12 10

20. y

x2

3, x
n

right endpoints x
2
8 6

Area

lim lim
i 1

2i n

3 3

2 n

4 2 x 1 2

2 n 4i2 lim n n i 1 n2
n

lim lim

2 4 nn n n2 4 n 3 2 n
n

1 2n 6 1

3n 6 8 3 6 26 3

1 2n n2

22. y

1 3 x, x 4
n

y 20

Area

lim
i n 1

f ci 1 2 1 4

x 2i n
3

15 10

lim
i

2 n 24i2 n2 3i2 n2 i3 n3 3 nn n2 1 2n 6 1 1 n2 n 1 n3 4
2

5 x

1 n lim 8 n 2n i 1
n

24i n 3i n

8i3 n3

lim

4 n 1 ni 1 4 n n 6 4

lim

3nn 1 n 2 1 15

Review Exercises for Chapter 4 b 4 b 4 b 4

n

485

24. (a) S s (b) S n

m m bi n b n b n

2b 4 b 4 b 4

b 4 m
n i n i 1 1

3b 4 b 4

b 4 m m b n

4b 4 b 4 i

b 4

mb2 1 16 mb2 1 16 2

2 3

4 3mb2 8 1

5mb2 8

y = mx

m0

2b 4 b n b n

3b 4
2 n i 1

f
i n 1 1 0

mbi n

mb2 n n 1 n2 2
1

mb2 n 2n mb2 n 2n

sn
i

bi f n

bi m n 0
n

b m n 1

2 n i

i
0

mb2 n 1 n n2 2 1 b mb 2

x=b

(c) Area
b

lim

mb2 n 2n 1 2 mx 2
b 0

lim

mb2 n 2n

1 2 mb 2

1 base height 2

(d)
0

mx dx

1 2 mb 2
3

26.

lim
i 1

3ci 9

ci 2

xi
1

3x 9

x2 dx

28.
6 5 3 2 1

x 4 3 2 1 2 1 2 3 4

16
4

x2 dx

1 2

(semicircle)

30. (a)
0

f x dx
0 3

f x dx
3 6

f x dx 1

4 1

(b)
6 4

f x dx
3

f x dx 0
6

(c)
4

f x dx
6

(d)
3

10 f x dx

10
3

f x dx

10

10

32.
1

12 dx x3

12x 2 2

3 1

6 x2 x5 5 32 5 52 15

3 1

6 9 2x3 3 16 3

16 , (d) 3

34.
1

t2

2 dt

t3 3

2t
1

14 3

36.
2

x4

2x2

5 dx

5x
2

10

32 5

16 3

10

38.
1

1 x2

1 dx x3

x
1

dx

1 x

1 2x2

2 1

1 2

1 8

1 2

1 8

40.
4

sec2 t dt

tan t
4

486
2

Chapter 4

Integration
2 2

42.
0

x
y 7 6 5 4

4 dx

x2 2

4x
0

10

44.
1

x2

2 dx

x3 3 8 3 10 3 7 6

x2 2 2 9 2 4

2x
1

1 3

1 2

2 1 2 1 x 1 2 3 4 5 2 3

2 1 2

x 1 3

46.
0

x1

x dx

x1

x3
2

dx
1 2 0

48. Area
0 3

sec2 x dx 3
0

2 3 x 3 2 3
y

2 5 x 5 4 15

tan x
y 5 4 3

2 5

x 1

50.

1 2 0 x3 x

x3 dx
0

x4 8

2
0
8 6

2
3

4 2

( 3 2 , 2)
x 1 2

52. F x

1 x2 1 x
2

54. F x

csc2 x

56.

dx x3 3

x2 2x

2 1 x

dx

Review Exercises for Chapter 4 58. u x3 x2 x3 3, du 3 dx 3x2 dx 1 3 5, du 5

2

487

x3

1 2

3x2 dx

2 3 x 9

3 2

60. u x2

x2 x

6x 3 6x

2x x2

6 dx 2x 6 dx 6x 5 2 1 2 x 2 6x 5
1

1 2

2 x2

1 6x

62.

x sin 3x2 dx

1 6

sin 3x2 6x dx

1 cos 3x2 6

64.

cos x dx sin x

sin x

1 2

cos x dx

2 sin x

1 2

2 sin x

66.

sec 2x tan 2x dx

1 2

sec 2x tan 2x 2 dx

1 sec 2x 2 1 5 cot 5 1 x3 12

68.

cot4

csc2

cot

csc2

70.
0

x2 x3

1 3 dx

1 3

x3
0

3x2 dx

4 0

1 16 12
6

5 4

72.
3

x 3 x2 x

8 1, x

dx

1 6 u

x2
3

1 2

2x dx

1 2 x 3

1 2 3

1 2 7 3

74. u

1, dx

du 0, u
1

When x
0

1, u x2 x
1

0. When x 1 dx 2
0 1

1. 1
2

u u5
0 2

u du
2

2u3

u1

du

2 7 u 7

4 5 u 5

2 3 u 3

1 2 0

32 105

76.
4

sin 2x dx

0 since sin 2x is an odd function.

78. u

x, x a, u
b

1 1

u, dx

du b, u 1155 32 3u5
2

When x Pa, b

a. When x x
2 3 2

1
1 1 b

b. 1
a

1155 3 x 1 32
1 1 b

dx
2

u 3 u3 2 du 1155 2 11 2 u 32 11
1 b a

1155 32

u9
a

3u7

u3

du

2 9 u 3

6 7 u 7

2 5 u 5

1 2 1

b a 1 b a

1155 2u5 2 105u3 32 1155 (a) P0, 0.25 (b) P0.5, 1 u5 2 16 105u3

385u2

495u 231

231
1 0.75

u5 2 105u3 16 2.5% 73.6%

385u2

495u

231
1

385u2 385u2

495u 495u

0.025
1 0

u5 2 105u3 16

231
0.5

0.736

488
2

Chapter 4 t 2

Integration 2 t 2
2

80.
0

1.75 sin Increase is 7

dt

1.75 cos

1.75

2.2282 liters

5.1

1.9

0.6048 liters.

82. Trapezoidal Rule n Simpsons Rule n

4:
0 1

x3 3 x3
2

x x
2

dx

1 0 8 1 0 12

21 432 3 1 42 41 432 3 1 42

21 232 3 1 22 21 232 3 1 22

23 432 3 3 42 43 432 3 3 42

1 2 1 2

0.172 0.166

4:
0

dx

Graphing utility: 0.166

84. Trapezoidal Rule n Simpsons Rule n

4:
0

sin2 x dx

3.820

4 : 3.820

Graphing utility: 3.820

Problem Solving for Chapter 4

x

2. (a) F x
2

sin t2 dt 0 0.8048 1 x 2 1.9 0.6106 0.75

x2 x

x Fx

1.0 0.4945

1.5 0.0265

1.9 0.0611

2.0 0

2.1 0.0867

2.5 0.3743

3.0 0.0312

4.0 0.0576

5.0 0.2769

(b) G x x Gx
x2

sin t2 dt
2

1.95 0.6873

1.99 0.7436

2.01 0.7697

2.05 0.8174

2.1 0.8671

lim G x lim

(c) F 2

Fx x 1 x 2

F2 2
x

x2

lim

sin t2 dt
2

x2

lim G x sin x2, F 2 0.7568 sin 4

x2

Since F x Note: sin 4

lim G x .

Problem Solving for Chapter 4 4. Let d be the distance traversed and a be the uniform acceleration. We can assume that v 0 0 and s 0 0. Then at vt st st a at 1 2 at . 2 2d . a a 0. 2ad 0 ad . 2 2d a 2ad.

489

d when t

The highest speed is v The lowest speed is v The mean speed is 1 2

The time necessary to traverse the distance d at the mean speed is t d ad 2 2d a

which is the same as the time calculated above. 6. (a)

100 80 60 40 20 x 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 y

(b) v is increasing (positive acceleration) on 0, 0.4 and 0.7, 1.0 . (c) Average acceleration v 0.4 0.4 v0 0 60 0 0.4 150 mi hr2

(d) This integral is the total distance traveled in miles.

1

v t dt
0

1 0 10

2 20

2 60

2 40

2 40

65

385 10

38.5 miles

(e) One approximation is a 0.8 v 0.9 0.9 v 0.8 0.8 50 0.1 40 100 mi hr2

(other answers possible)

490
x

Chapter 4

Integration
x x x x

8.
0

f t x Thus, d dx
x

t dt
0

x f t dt
0

t f t dt
x

x
0

f t dt
0 x

t f t dt f t dt
0

f t x
0

t dt

xf x
0

f t dt

xf x

Differentiating the other integral, d dx

x 0 x x

f v dv dt
0 0

f v dv.

Thus, the two original integrals have equal derivatives,

x x t

f t x
0

t dt
0 0

f v dv dt 0.
1 2 0

Letting x
1

0, we see that C 2 3 x 3

10. Consider
0

x dx

2 . The corresponding 3

Riemann Sum using right-hand endpoints is Sn 1 n 1 n3 2 Thus, lim

n

1 n 1 2 n3
3

2 n 2 . . .
2

. . . . . . n

n n n 2 . 3

12. (a) Area

3

9 2 9x 2 27

x2 dx x3 3 9
3 0

2
0

x2 dx
10 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

36 9. Area 2 bh 3 b2 2 6 9 3 36.
4 2 1

(b) Base

6, height

x 1 2 4 5

(c) Let the parabola be given by y

b a

a2x2, a, b > 0.

Area

2
0

b2 b2x b a a2

a2x2 dx
y

x3 3

b a
b2

0 3

2 b2 2 Base b3 a

a2 b 3 a 1 b3 3 a b2

4 b3 3 a

b a

b a

2b , height a

Archimedes Formula: Area

2 2b 2 b 3 a

4 b3 3 a

Problem Solving for Chapter 4 14. (a) 1 (b)

n

491

1 3i 3i

3i 1 1

3i2 i
n

i3 1 1 i
3

i3

3i2

3i

3i2 3i2
i 1

i3 1
3

i3 33 1 23 . . . n 1
3

23 n
n

13 1
3

n3

Hence, n (c) n
i

1 1

3 i n 1

3i2 3i2
i 1

3i 3i 1

1
n

1 3i2
i 1

1
n

3n n 2 n 2n

3i2
1

n3 2n3 2n3 nn

3n2 6n2 3n2 2 1 2n 2 1 2n 6

3n 6n 2 n 1 1

3n n 1 2 3n2 3n

i2
1

nn

20

16. (a) C (b) C

0.1
8 18

12 sin 12 sin
10

t 8 12 t 8 12

dt 6 dt

14.4

cos 14.4

t 8 12 cos 3 2

20 8

14.4
18

$9.17

0.1

t 8 12 10.8

0.6t
10

14.4 Savings 9.17

b

14.4

3 2

$3.14

3.14 f x f b

$6.03.

18. (a) Let A

0

f x

x dx.

dx.

Let u
0

b f b f b f b

x, du f b u f b u f b x u f u u f u x f x

A
b b 0 b 0

du du dx

Then,
b

2A
0 b

f x 1 dx

f x f b b.

dx
0

f b

f b x

x f x

dx

Thus, A (b) b

b . 2
1

1
0

sin 1

sin x dx x sin x

1 2