REVIEW ON AUXILIARIES The AUXILIARY is used to accompany the main verb in some verb tenses but in the case

of the verb TO BE, it is also used to express states of being. Auxiliaries are also part of the sentence patterns. They can be used in negative and interrogative sentences and even in affirmative ones when we want to emphasized a certain action. 1. Some of them may express a verb tense: e.g. She has already moved. (present perfect) 2. Some others may function as principal verbs themselves: e.g. They are good students. 3. And some others are used to give shades to the main verbs: e.g. They can run long distances. (modal verbs) Type Be: The verb BE means to live, exist or to have a state or quality. Its infinitive form is TO BE and its past participle BEEN. According to number and person it's divided into: PERSON 1st 2nd 3rd SING I am (I'm) You are (You're) He is (He's) She is (She's) It is (It's) PLURAL We are (We're) You are (You're) They are (They're)

Negative forms am not - was not (wasn't) - is not (isn't) - were not (weren't) are not (aren't) According to time it is divided into: Present: am, is, are Use 1. In negative sentences: e.g. She is not here today. 2. In interrogative sentences: Past: was, were Future: will be

e.g. Are you John? 3. In short answers: e.g. Yes, I am. 4. In the present continuous tense: e.g. She is watching TV at this moment. 5. In the past continuous tense: e.g. I was waiting for you. 6. In the future tense: e.g. Betsy is going to write a book next year. Do: As a verb it means to perform, effect, act or manage. It has three principal forms: DO DOES - DID. DO and DOES are used in the simple present. DOES is used with the first person singular. DID is used in the simple past with all persons. Use This auxiliary can be used: 1. In negative sentences: e.g. They do not (don't) know anything. She does not (doesn't) work every day. I did not (didn't) go to the movies yesterday. 2. In interrogative sentences: e.g. Do they feel fine today? Does she wash the clothes every Saturday? Did you copy all the notes? 3. In short answers: e.g. Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. Have: It means to hold, carry or possess. It has three main forms: HAVE - HAS - HAD. HAVE and HAS are used in present. HAS is used in present with the third person singular. HAD is used in past.

Use This auxiliary can be used:

1. In negative sentences: e.g. I had not (hadn't) been there before. 2. In interrogative sentences: e.g. Has she used her new pen? 3. In short answers: e.g. Yes, they have. 4. In the present perfect tense: e.g. I have received a wonderful present today. 5. In the past perfect tense: e.g. We had seen him around here before. Will: As a verb it means to wish, intend or purpose. As an auxiliary it forms moods and tenses indicating intention or conditional result. Its negative form is WILL NOT (won't). Use It is used in the future tense: 1. In negative sentences: e.g. I will not play baseball next Saturday. 2. In interrogative sentences: e.g. Will you come here please? 3. In short answers: e.g. Yes, I will. Exercises on auxiliaries 1. Select the correct form of the verb (TO BE). 1. This table (is -be-are) broken. 2. You (is-are-was) a very smart student. 3. (is-am-were) they home last night at 9:00 p.m.? 4. I think she (was-were-be) at the party yesterday. 5. We (are-am-were) working at this moment. 6. I (is-were-am) studying my lesson for tomorrow. 7. Will you (is-be-was) here tomorrow morning? 8. The chair (is-am-was) in the lobby yesterday night. (are-were-be) you reading a novel now?

9. Paul and Betty (were-are-be) the best students in this group. 2. Complete the following statements with the correct form of the verb (TO BE). Use: am, is, are, was, were 1. ____ he at the bar last night? 2. I ____ an architect nowadays. (NEGATIVE) 3. Betty ____ my sister-in-law. 4. They ____ famous singers last decade. 5. Rose and Bob ____ good friends. They love each other. 6. We ____ trying to do our best. 7. She ____ working hard yesterday afternoon. (NEGATIVE) 8. I need to know who I ____. 9. It ____ the best car I have ever seen. 10. They ____ happy some time ago. 3. Choose the appropriate auxiliary verb from the ones given in parenthesis. 1. He (is-has-does) not an engineer any more. 2. They (were-had-will) be good workers in the future. 3. (does-has-will) she go to school every morning? 4. We (are-have-did) worked for more than 3 years here. 5. (will-has-is) the baby drinking milk at this moment? 6. I (did-am-do) find the book I wanted. (NEGATIVE) 7. (have-will-do) you go camping next Sunday? 8. She (does-will-has) just moved to a new flat. 9. The children (were-did-had) watching TV yesterday night. 10. We (do-will-have) work on Sundays. (NEGATIVE) 4. Fill in the blank spaces with the correct auxiliary verb. Use auxiliaries affirmatively or negatively. Use: am, is, are, was, were, do, does, did, have, has, will 1. I ____ study English next Friday. 2. They ____ not building a house now. 3. ____ you gone to the beach recently? 4. She ____ go to work by bus every day. (NEGATIVE) 5. We ____ visiting Grandpa yesterday afternoon. 6. ____ they pick potatoes last week-end? 7. I ____ seen that film before. 8. ____ you help me tomorrow, please? 9. She ____ teaching here last course. 10. He ____ finished his work yet. (NEGATIVE)