Know the difference between kinetic and potential energy and be able to give examples Kinetic- associated with

motion Energy-Thermal, mechanical, electrical, acoustic Potential- results from objects position Energy-gravitational, chemical, electrostatic Understand the difference between heat and temperature Temperature- measure of its ability to transfer energy as heat Determines direction of thermal energy transfer Higher the temperature=higher thermal energy of atoms, ions, molecules Heating/cooling are processes which energy is transferred by heat from higher to lower temp Know how to define and use the terms endothermic, exothermic, system, and surroundings System- an object or collection of objects Surrounding-everything outside the system that can exchange energy/ matter w/ system Exothermic process- energy from system to surroundings; qr<0 Endothermic process- energy from surrounding to system; qr>0 Understand the concepts of heat capacity, state functions, enthalpy, internal energy, work, standard states, and standard enthalpy of formation Specific heat capacity- energy transferred as heat that is required to raise the temp of 1 gram of a substance by one Kelvin Internal energy- U; sum of potential+ kinetic energies of atoms, molecules, ions in system To determine: measure energy transferred as heat+ work to/from system U= q+ w Enthalpy- H; =U+PV; P= pressure, V= change in volume; at constant pressure Work-at constant pressure=-P x V (change in volume) State functions- a quantity that depends only on initial/ final state Path function= when the between matters Standard state- (of element/ compound) most stable form of substance in physical state that exists at a pressure of 1 bar and a specified temp Standard enthalpy of formation- /_\ rH (delta); pure unmixed reactants in their standard states have formed pure, unmixed products in their standard states Understand the two types of calorimetric measurements (constant pressure and constant volume) and how to solve problems for each. Constant pressure- H; can be used to measure energy change for chemical reaction as energy is transferred as heat under constant pressure; measures enthalpy change; qr+ qsolution=0 Constant volume-U; evaluate heats of combustion of fuels and caloric value of foods; qr+qbomb+qwater=0 -product favored reactions= negative rH; reactant favored= positive rH Chapter 6 Atomic Structure Understand that electromagnetic radiation can be described as both waves and particles (photons) Remember the different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum and be able to order them in terms of increasing energy, frequency, or wavelength

 Know the wavelength range of visible light and the order of the colors in terms of energy, frequency, or wavelength Be able to convert between energy, frequency, and wavelength of electromagnetic radiation Be familiar with the Bohr model of the atom, its ability to account for the emission line spectra of excited hydrogen atoms, and the limitations of the model Know how to use the Bohr model of the atom, how to calculate the energy levels of a one-electron atom or ion, and how to calculate E for transitions between states Be able to state the Heisenberg uncertainty principle Know the quantum numbers characterizing an electron in an atom, what they represent, and what values they can have Be able to sketch schematically the shapes of s, p, and d orbitals and identify radial nodes and nodal planes Understand the meaning of radial distribution functions

Chapter 7 Structure of Atoms & Periodic Trends Be able to state and apply the Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund's rule Correctly assign electron configurations to many-electron atoms and ions based on their location in the periodic table Know how to use the full spdf notation and abbreviated spdf notation (with noble gas notation) to specify electron configurations Understand how the effective nuclear charge and electron screening influence the relative energies of atomic orbitals Know the periodic trends for atomic radii, ionization energy, electron affinity, and ionic radii and understand how these trends relate to electron configuration Be able to explain exceptions to the periodic trends Recognize the role that ionization energy and electron affinity play in the chemistry of the elements