CHAPTER_II TRAINING DELAILS INTRODUCTION

Previously electro mechanically exchanges for use in India namely Strowger type exchange, cross bar exchange were there .These manual telephone exchanges suffered from some disadvantages. To overcome these an automatic exchange was introduced in this system. In 1980s PITHROTHA LTD. Introduced C-DOT exchange in India. These exchanges replaced by electro mechanical exchange. These exchange which has wide range of capacity replaced electro mechanical exchange. E-10B exchange also proved of mild stone in Telecommunication Sector to replace electromechanical exchanges, which were most sophisticated and modern latest techniques electronics exchanges.There after it was OCB-283 exchange which proved very important exchange in this series to replace electro mechanical exchanges. Alcatel 1000 E 10 is the digital switching system developed by the alcatel cit of France. Multi application Alcatel E 10 could be used for the entire range of switch local exchange to the largest transit gateway switch.Alcatel 1000 E 10 provides all modern communication services: basic telephony,isdn,centrex,digital cellular radiotelephony and all the intelligent network applications. It is abbreviated as Organ Control Board because the call processing program are distributed over different control organs of the system and are stored in RAM/ROM of different control units. The processor in control unit prosess and handel the call by using data stored in RAM/ROM. There are two types of switching systems of alcatel 1000 E 10. 1. 2. OCB 181:-a switching node in which connection and control subsystem is based on the OCB 283:- a switching node base on multiprocessor stations(SM)-it includes connection and dedicated microprocessor as e 10b. control , operation and maintenance subsystems.

GENERAL FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE:

The ALCATEL E 10 is located at the heart of the telecommunication network concerned .It is made up of three independent functional units. 1. 2. 3. The subscriber access subsystem which carries out connection analogue digital subscriber lines. Connection and control which carries out connection and processing calls. Operation and maintenance which is responsible for all functions need by the network operating authority.

CCITTn * 7 Signaling network

Telephone network

Subscriber Access Subsystem

Connection And Control

Data network

nt

Value added network

Operation And Maintenance

OCB 283
PABX

Operation and maintenance network

Pabx: private automatic branch exchange. NT: network termination. Figure-1

OCB 283 The OCB 283 provides all modern communication services. The system is supported by the multiapplication telecommunication processor ALCATEL 8300.The first OCB exchanges were commissioned in BREST (France) and BEIJING (China) in 1991.The first OCB 283 Switching System was adopted into the Indian Telecom network in 1993. The maximum processing capacity of the system is 336 CA /sec (i.e 12, 00,000 BHCA). VERSION: Initial version: R 11. Subsequent up gradation to versions R20, R21, R 22. Current version: R 23.

EXCHANGE CONFIGURATIONS: OCB has three configurations depending upon the size and traffic. One or several MLs can be implemented on SMC Station. Taking advantage of this facility, the following configurations are designed. S.NO 1. 2. 3. 4. CONFIGURATION Compact Small Medium Large CODE C P M G CA/sec 18 36 100 280 BHCA 6500 130000 360000 1000000

Table no .1

SALIENT FEATURES OF OCB 283:1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. It is a switching system with single t stage switch.a maximum of 2048 pcm can be connected. Supports both analogue and digital subscribers. Supports all the existing signaling systems like decadic, mf r2, CAS and also CCITT #7 Provides telephony, isdn, data communication, cellular radio and other value added service. The system has automatic recovery feature. OCB 283 has double remoting facility. Various units of ocb 283 system are connected over token rings The charge accounts of subscriber are automatically saved in the discs , once in a day. It can handle 8,00,000 bhca and 25,000 erlangs of traffic. Depending on the traffic a max. Of 2, 00,000 subscriber or 60,000 circuits can be connected. The exchanged can be managed either locally or from an NMC (network management & control) All control units are implemented on the same type of hardware called a station. Software of The system is made of only 35 types of cards. The system has a modular structure. The SMMs (O&M) are duplicated with one active and other hot standby. The hard disc is very small in size, compact and maintenance free. It has a very huge memory The space requirement is very small. No separate room is required for OMC. There is no fixed rack and suite configuration in the system. Provides great flexibility and The environment requirement of the system is very flexible.

signaling system.

through 64 kb/s links. either one or several control units can be located on the same station.

capacity of 1.2 /2.1/4 GB.

adjustment in the available space.

TECHNOLOGY: A. HARDWARE 4

1. a) b)

COMPONENTS: Microprocessors of the family of the 680xx family. Memory: i) ii) 2) a) b) c) 3) a) b) c) 4) a) b) c) d) e) CMOS 4/16 M bits DRAM. CMOS 256 kbits SRAM. CMOS 1 M bit EPROM. PLUG IN BOARD: Height: 234mm. Length: 350mm. Depth: 1.6mm. Sub racks: Height: 234mm Width: 782mm. Backplane of multilayer printed circuit. Racks: Height: 2200mm Width: 900mm Depth: 650mm Five sub racks for OCB 283 racks Six sun racks for the rack of c Configuration. B. SOFTWARES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Fully downloadable. Completely separate hardware and software. Organized in software machine accepted by standardized. Multiprocessor stations. Programming languages. CHILL. C for new Software programmes (ML, URM, ML, CC, ML, and GS) and based on SDL

languages.

8.

Switching Room
5

The Switching Room consists of following parts and necessary environment conditions for them: 1. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS; Temperature: 22 c +/- 30 c. Relative humidity: 45%. 2. RACKS: Types of racks:A. Switching matrix: 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. XAO (3 Sub matrix, 2 MCX branches, Cap</=256LRs). Figure-2 SWITCH ROOM XA (3 sub racks, all or part of 1 branch, capacity between 256 and 1024lrs). XB (5 sub racks, all or part of 1 branch, capacity between 1024 and 2048LRs). UA rack (1 SMC + 2 SMTIG). UD rack (1 SMC + 2 SMTIG). UB rack (1 SMC + 1 SMTIG + 2SMA). UE rack (1 SMC + 1 SMT2G + 2SMA). UC rack (3 SMC + 2 SMA). CA rack (1 SMC + 1 STS + 1 SMM). SA rack (1 SMM + 2 SMC + 2 SMA + 2 SMX + 1SMT1G + 1STS + 1 MPNA). SK rack (1 SMM + 2 SMC + 2 SMA + SMX + 1SMT2G + 1 STS + 1 MPNA). DBM rack: 2 magnetic tape units + 12 or 16 modems + second MPNA (Optional). SDE rack: 8 Power Distribution modules.

B. PCM /Auxiliary switching and control:

C. Control,maintenance&others:

D. Others type of racks:

OCB 283 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE

6

1.

TIME BASE (BT): The BT ensures time distribution for LR and PCM to provide the synchronization and also for working out the exchange clock.

2.

HOST SWITCHING MATRIX (SMX): The SMX is a square connection matrix with a time stage, duplicated in full, which enables up to 2048 matrix links (LR) to be connected. A matrix link LR is an internal pcm, with 16 bits per channel (32 channels). The SMX can execute the following:

a. b. c.

An unidirectional connection between any incoming channel and any outgoing channel. Connection between any incoming channel and any M outgoing channels. Connection of N incoming channels belonging to one frame structure of any multiplex onto N

outgoing which belong to the same frame structure, abiding to the integrity an sequencing of the frame received. This function is refereed to as connection with N * 64kbits/s. The SMX IC controlled by the COM function (matrix switch controller) to ensure the: Set up and breakdown of the connection by access to the matrix command memory. This access

is used to write at the output address the incoming address. Defense of the connections. Security of the connection in order to assure a good data switching. .

Functional Architecture
7

BT SMX ETA
CcomOM

PU/PE

URM

COMMUNICATION MULTIPLEX

OM

MQ

GX

MR

TX

TR

PC

Figure-3: Functional Architecture

3.PCM CONTROLLER (URM): The URM provides the interface between external PCMs and the OCB283. 8

These PCM come from: 1. A remote subscriber digital access unit (CSN) OR from a remote electronic satellite concentrator CSE. a. b. Another switching centre. The digital recorded announcement equipment.

2.In particular, the URM carries the following functions: a. b. HDB3 conversion to binary and vice versa. Extraction and pre processing of the channel-associated signaling of T.S.16 (PCM -->

command). 4.AUXILLARY EQUIPMENT MANAGER (ETA): The eta supports 1. 2. 3. 4. The tone generator(GT). The frequency receiving and the generation(RGF) devices. Conference circuits (CCF). The exchange clock.

5.CCS7 PROTOCOL HANDLER (PUPE) AND CONTROLLER (PC):CCITT NO 7 PROTOCOL PROCESSING:The PUPE function carries out of the following: 1. 2. Signaling channel level 2 processing. The message routing function The PC carries out the following function: 1. 2. 3. The network management functions. PUPE Defence. Various observation tasks which are not directly linked to CCITT No 7.

6. CALL HANDLER (MR): 9

The MR is the responsible for the establishment and breaking off of communications. The call handler takes the decisions necessary for processing of communications in terms of the signaling received, after consultation of the subscriber and analysis database manager (TR) if necessary. The call handler processes switching ON and switching OFF etc. 7. SUBSCRIBER AND ANALYSIS DATABASE MANAGER (TR) TRANSLATOR. The TR function carries out management of the analyses, subscriber and circuit group database.The TR supplies the call handler, on request from it, with subscribers and circuits characteristics necessary for establishing and breaking off communication. The TR also ensures match between the dialing received and the addresses of circuit groups or subscriber. 8. CALL CHARGING AND TRAFFIC MEAURESEMENT (TX): The TX function carries out charging for communications. TX function is responsible for: 1. 2. 3. 4. Calculating the amount to be charged for each communication. Keeping the charge amount of each subscriber served by switching centre. Supplying the necessary information for drawing up detail billing , on line to the OM. In addition, TX carries out tasks of observation of (circuits and subscriber observation).

9.MATRIX SYSTEM HANDLER The GX function is responsible for processing and for Defence of connections on receipt of: 1. 2. 3. Requests for connection or connection coming from call handler (MR) or message distributor Connection faults signaled by the matrix switch controller function (COM). In addition the GX carries out monitoring of certain links of the connection periodically or on the functions (MQ).

request from certain links. 10.MESSAGE DISTRIBUTOR(MQ):-

10

The MQ function is responsible for distribution and formatting of certain internal messages but, above all, it carries out: 1. Supervision of semi-permanent connections (data links). 2. Transmission of message between the communication multiplexers.

11.COMMUNICATION MULTIPLEX :One of five communication multiplexes is used to transmit message from one station to another. This transfer of messages is carried out by only one type of medium, the token ring ,with a unique protocol which is processed in accordance with IEEE 802.5 standard. 12.OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE FUNCTION(OM):The function of the operation and maintenance subsystem are carried out by the operation and maintenance software (OM). The operation and maintenance subsystem carries out : 1. units. 2. 3. Temporary of detailed billing information. Central Defence of the system. Loading of softwares and of data for connection and command for the subscriber digital access

HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE:11

STS 1*3

SMT (1*28)*2

SMA 2 TO 37

SMX

SMC 2 TO 14 1 MIS

SMM 1*2

Figure-4: Hardware architecture

MAIN CONTROL STATION (SMC) 12

The main control station provides yet following functions: a) b) c) d) e) MR (call handling):call processing CC(Communication controle):processing of the SSP application. TR(Translator):database TX(Charging):charging for communication MQ(Message distributor): message distribution .

DEFENCE FUNCTION ARCHITECTURE:13

a)

An OCB 283 station a confinement unit: confinement of any confirmed fault is carried out

within the station and consists of stoppage of the station .Traffic in progress within the station may be the lost in the case. It will not have any degraded operation effect for the time it takes fault tolerates mechanism to react. b) A station is a reconfigurable unit: i e any station positioning because of a fault will lead to re

allocation of all its tasks (ML) to a backup station, if there is one. AUXILLARY EQUIPMENT CONTROL STATION (SMA) The auxiliary equipment control station supports the following functions: 1. 2. i. ii. iii. iv. v. ETA: AUXILLARY EQUIPMENT MANAGER Management of tone and of auxiliaries PUPE: CCS7 protocol handler: processing of CCITT no 7 protocol. Some auxiliaries are : Frequency receivers/generator. Conference circuits. Tone generator. Clock management. CCITT No 7 signaling receivers/transmitter. LOCATION OF AUXILLARY EQUIPMENT CONTROL STATION: The auxiliary equipment control station is linked to 1. 2. 3. The connection network by a set of 8 matrix lines which carry signaling generated or to be The main control station access multiplex (MAS).It carries out the transfer of information Alarms multiplex. analyzed. between auxiliary equipment control station and the command components of the OCB 283.

ROLE OF THE TRUNK CONTROL STATION (SMT) The trunk control station ensures functional interface between the PCMs and the switching centre. 14

These PCM come from: 1. 2. 3. a. Another switching centre. A remote electronic satellite concentrator. A remote subscriber digital access unit. The trunk control station (SMT) permits implantation of the PCM Controller URMfunction . Main control station access multiplex (MAS) serial commutator medium which carries out the interchanges of information between the SMT and the command stations. COMMUNICATION MULTIPLEXS (TOKEN RINGS) In the OCB exchange the communication multiplex highways are utilized for the interchange of messages between various equipment of exchange .These communication multiplexes work on the principle of computer circular LANs using token ring protocols. There are three types of token rings highways to their use: 1) 2) 3) MIS (Inter station multiplex). MAS (Station access multiplex). MAL (Alarm multiplex). The token rings confirm to IEEE 802.5 standard and operate at 4 mpbs.

DESIGNATION OF THE STATION 15

The functional of the station includes a maximum of 6 characters, which are arranged as follows: XXXYNN Where XXX =Designation of the station (3 characters) SDE : Power supply station. SME: Auxiliary equipment control station. SMC: Main control station. SMM: Maintenance station. SMX: Matrix control station.

Y=Nature of the station (optional 1 character: A or B). Letters A and B are used for the two branches of the SMX as well as for the station bearing software machines operating in PILOT/STANDBY mode. NN = Sequence Number, from 1 to 99(1 or 2 character) Examples of designations: STS. SDE1. SMC12. SMA5. SMTA7, SMTB7. SMMA, SMMB. SMXA1, SMXB2.

The label is placed on the extreme left of the front upper cross member of each subrack.When the sub rack includes 2 or more stations, the labels are placed one after stations(separated by 1mm). SERVICES PROVIDED: 16

For both subscriber and operator, OCB 283 provides a very huge range of services as follows: 1. SYSTEM APPLICATION Remote line unit. Local subscriber exchange. Transit exchange. Combined local or transit exchange. Centerex. Radio telephone access centre Intelligent network access centre.

2. SUBSCRIBER CONNECTED Analog subscriber with rotary dial telephony sets (8 to 22 IPS) or standardized multifreqency ISDN basic access at 1.44 kbits/s. ISDN primary access at 2 kbits/s. Public payphones Mobile radio subscribers Manual PBX or PABX.

push button telephones.

3. CALL HANDLED OCB 283 handles telephone calls from to the national and international calls from or to the national and International Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN).It also transfer data between its ISDN subscribers as well as Packet Switched Networks. Further more, it allows communication between and the Mobile Network (also called GSM network). 17

These calls include: Local calls Regional calls National calls International calls Manual calls(operator assisted) O/G calls to special services Test calls Mobile calls Calls to intelligent network: toll free call, universal number, credit card and virtual private

network.

POWER SUPPLIES -48 power supply: The ALCATEL 1000 e 10 operates on -48V nominal DC supplies. The normal voltage level is between 42.4V and 57V. and 52Hz. EARTH RESISTANCE: The resistance of the exchange earth must be below 10 Ohm.

SYSTEM CONSTRAINTS

18

1)

The central switching system is duplicated (Branch A and B) designates one of the two

subsystems. The two branches of the Host switching matrix of the are installed in different racks located in different rows, except in case of a Switching Matrix with a capacity less than 256 LRs which then less its two branches in the same rack. 2) The XA or XB connection racks of the same branch must be contiguous and located in the same

row. When the Central switching matrix is upgraded, new switching racks can be installed if any position remains available at the end of the row on the right hand or left-hand side of previously equipped racks. 3) 4) 5) The DBM rack must be adjacent to the CA rack. Timing signal distribution links must not be more than 25 metres. Power distribution links must not be more than 15 metres long.

CONCLUSION

19

I have great pleasure in presenting this project report which is essential in partial fulfillment of 4 year B.Tecsh. Program. This project is an integral part of the curriculum and its purpose is to provide the students information system in the firm. It helps in the development of practical skills of the student and in analytical process. During the project I have learnt about working Of OCB exchange, E-10B exchange # Digital Time Division Switching System #. During this tenure I have learnt about the operation of the various section of OCB and E-10B like subscriber and multiplex connections unit , Time was very exciting and useful experience for me . A good confidence has been built up. This will surely help me in my future career. I am highly obliged to all those who helped me for the timely and successful completion of this technical training and hence the report. division switching network unit , Control unit , operation and maintenance center in good details . no doubt It

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