BIOSTATISTICS

POST TEST ANSWER KEY

INSTRUCTIONS. Select the correct answer for each of the following questions. Mark only one answer for each item by shading the box corresponding to the letter of your choice on the answer sheet provided. STRICTLY NO ERASURES ALLOWED. Use pencil no. 2 only. Situation I: Epidemiology and Vital statistics is a very important tool that a nurse could use in controlling the spread of disease in the community and at the same time, surveying the impact of the disease on the population and prevent its future occurrence. 1. Maternal mortality rate is the number of the maternal deaths per 1,000 live births in a specific year. Which one behavior is the correct formula? a. Total no. of deaths from maternal cause x 1000 Total no. of live births registered of same year b. Total no. of deaths under one year of age x 1000 Total no. of registered live births of same calendar year c. Total no of deaths from maternal cause registered for a given year x 1000 Total no. of live births registered of same year d. No. of deaths due to maternal cause x 1000 live births No. of fetal deaths of same year Answer: C. Total no of deaths from maternal cause registered for a given year x 1000 Total no. of live births registered of same year Maternal Mortality Rate measures the risk of dying from causes related to pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium. It is an index of the obstetrical care needed and receive by women in a community. Source: Public Health Nursing in the Philippines by Cuevas, pp.46 2. It is concerned in the study of factors that influence the occurrence and distribution of diseases, defects disability or deaths. This is: a. Epidemiology c. Public Health b. Community Health Nursing d. Statistics Answer: A. Epidemiology According to Maglaya: Epidemiology is the study of the occurrence and sitribution of health conditions such as disease, death, deformities or disabilities on human populations. It is based on two important theories: 1. The Multiple Causation Theory disease is not caused by a single factor but by multiple factors or conditions. An Agent is anything that stimulates or contribute to the development of a disease which includes: Biological refers to microorganisms like viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungus, protozoa that can cause infection or disease. Chemical agents that may poison/harm the body such as lead, mercury, insecticide. Physical includes conditions in the environment such as radiation, humidity, atmospheric pressure.
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 Mechanical includes trauma such as stab wounds or gun shot wounds. Nutritive include nutritional imbalances such as folic acid deficiency, anemia, scurvy A Host is a living organism that supports the survival of another organism by harboring and providing nourishment. Environment refers to all everything present in the external conditions that influence the life of the organism. The environment is composed of: Physical environment includes all inanimate conditions Biological environment includes all living organisms Socio-economic environment Source: SIAs Community Health and Communicable Diseases Nursing Reviewer 2008 edition, pp.166 3. According to the survey, there is an increase incidence of dengue in Palawan. Incidence rate means? a. New cases c. Old and new cases b. Old cases d. Outbreak Answer: A. New cases Incidence rate (IR) measures the frequency of occurrence of the phenomenon during a given period of time. This measures only new cases of disease. The formula for measuring the IR is: IR= No. of new cases of a disease registered during a specified time Estimated population as of July of same year Source: SIAs Community Health and Communicable Diseases Nursing Reviewer 2008 edition, pp.167 4. The estimate of the past and present occurrence of disease in a given locality is referred to as: a. Swaroops index c. Incidence rate b. Case fatality rate d. Prevalence rate Answer: D. Prevalence Rate Prevalence Rate measures the proportion of the population which exhibits a particular disease at a particular time. This can only be determined following a survey of the population concerned, deals with total (new and old) number of cases. Prevalence Rate: old and new cases Old and new cases at a specified period of time x 1000 Total number of persons examines Incidence Rate: new cases only New cases at a specified period of time x 100,000 Estimated population as of July of same year Case fatality Rate: no. of deaths from a specific cause or disease or killing power of the disease No. of deaths from such disease x 100 No. of cases of such disease Swaroops index: Death of people above 50 y.o x 100 Total deaths Source: SIAs Community Health and Communicable Diseases Nursing Reviewer 2008 edition, pp.167 Public Health Nursing in the Philippines by Cuevas, pp.79 5. Crude birth rate is a measure of characteristic of the natural growth on increase of a population. In order to get the CBR, you will use which formula? a. Total no. of deaths registered in a given calendar year x 1,000
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Estimated population as of July 1 of same year b. Total no. of live births registered in a given year x 1,000 Estimated population as of July 1 of same year c. No. of deaths under 28 days x 1,000 No. of live birth registered of the same year d. Total no. of deaths from maternal cause x 1,000 Total no.of live birth Answer: B. Total no. of live births registered in a given year x 1,000 Estimated population as of July 1 of same year Crude Birth Rate is a measure of one characteristic of the natural growth or increase of a population. Source: SIAs Community Health and Communicable Diseases Nursing Reviewer 2008 edition, pp.77 6. The habitual occurrence of a disease is referred which indicates low number of both immunes and susceptible is referred to as: a. Endemic c. Sporadic b. Herd immunity d. Epidemic Answer: A. Endemic Endemic occurrence refers to the continuous occurrence throughout the period of time, use the usual number of cases in a given locality. The disease is therefore always occurring in the locality and the level of occurrence is more or less constant through a period of time. The level of occurrence maybe low or high, when the given level is continuously maintained, then the pattern maybe low endemic or high endemic as the case maybe. Source: Public Health Nursing in the Philippines by Cuevas, pp.46 7. Which level of prevention does case finding and screening falls into: a. Primary level of prevention b. Secondary level of prevention c. Tertiary level of prevention d. Complete level of prevention

Answer: B. Secondary Level of Prevention Level of Prevention of Health Problems: Primary Prevention focuses on healthy individuals. The nurse aims to increase resistance to disease by proper nutrition, provision of safe water, proper waste disposal system, healthy education, vector control, breastfeeding, family planning, healthy lifestyle and healthy personal habits. Secondary Prevention prompt diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The nurse performs functions related to screening, case finding, disease surveillance, treatment, immunization and prophylactic treatment of high risk groups. Tertiary Prevention reduce the severity and effects of the disease and to assist the individual regain or return to normal functioning so as to enable him to enjoy a productive and meaningful life. Rehabilitation centers are within this level of care. Source: Maglaya et al, Nursing Practice in the Community pp. 180 8. Maam dela Cruz is explaining about the rate which shows the relationship between a vital event and those persons exposed to the occurrence of said event, within given area and during a specified unit of time. What measures the frequency of occurrence of the phenomenon during a given period of time? a. Incidence Rate c. Attack Rate b. Infant mortality rate d. Prevalence Rate Answer: A. Incidence Rate Incidence Rate measures the frequency of occurrence of the phenomenon during a given period of time. It is expressed as: IR= No. of new cases of a particular disease registered during a specified period of time x 100,000 Estimated population as of July of same year

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Prevalence Rate measures the proportion of the population which exhibits a particular disease at a particular time. This can only be determined following a survey of the population concerned, deals with total (new and old) number of cases. PR= No. of new and old cases of a particular disease registered at a given time x 100 Total No. of persons examined at same given time Attack Rate measures the number of person who actually developed the disease after exposure to it or the risk of exposure. It answers the question what is the possibility of having the disease after a person is exposed to it? AR= No. of persons acquiring a disease registered in a given year x 100 No. of exposed to same disease in the same year 9. The last step in epidemiological investigation is: a. Establish presence of epidemic b. Establish time and space relationship of the disease c. Correlation of all data obtained d. Relations to characteristic of the group of community Answer: C. Correlation of all data obtained The steps of epidemiological investigation are: 1. Establish presence of epidemic. 2. Establish time and space relationship of the disease. 3. Relations to characteristic of the group of community. 4. Correlation of all data obtained. Source: SIAs Community Health and Communicable Diseases Nursing Reviewer 2008 edition, pp.77 10.The agent-host-environment model of health and illness is based on the concept of: a. Risk factors c. Behaviors to promote health b. Infectious diseases d. Stages of illness Answer: A. Risk factors The interaction of the agent-host-environment creates risk factors that increase the probability of disease. Source: Public Health Nursing in the Philippines by Cuevas, pp.75 11.Infant mortality rate measures the risk of dying during the first year of life. What is the formula of IMR? a. Total no. of deaths under 28 days of age registered in a given calendar year x 1,000 No. of livebirths registered of same year b. Total no. of livebirths registered in a given calendar year x 1,000 Estimated population as July 1 of same year c. Total no. of deaths under 1 year of age registered in a given calendar year x 1,000 Total no. of registered livebirths of same calendar year d. Total no. of fetal deaths registered in a given calendar year x 1,000 Total no. of livebirths registered of same year Answer: C. Total no. of deaths under 1 year of age registered in a given calendar year x 1,000 Total no. of registered livebirths of same calendar year IMR measures the risk of dying during the 1st year of life. It is a good index of the general health condition of a community since it reflects the changes in the environment and medical condition of a community. 12.The period of communicability during which there is a significant threat of transmitting the infection to a susceptible individual may occur during which of the following phases? a. Acute phase c. Prodromal stage b. Incubation period d. Any of these phases Answer: D. Any of these phases Infection can be transmitted through any of these phases. Source: SIAs Community Health and Communicable Diseases Nursing Reviewer 2008 edition, pp.199
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13.The prodromal phase of an illness is characterized by: a. Carrier state c. Incubation period b. Appearance of first signs/symptoms d. Acute phase Answer: B. Appearance of first signs/symptoms Carrier state time when a person harbors the microorganism with manifesting signs and symptoms but capable of transmitting the microorganisms to others. Acute phase the time when the person is actually ill with the infection exhibiting signs and symptoms specific to the infection. Incubation period time from entry of microorganism until the first signs and symptoms appear as they multiply in sufficient numbers to produce clinical manifestation. Source: SIAs Community Health and Communicable Diseases Nursing Reviewer 2008 edition, pp.169 14.An unknown epidemic has just been reported in Barangay Arukanan. People said that affected person demonstrates hemorrhagic type of fever. You are designated now to plan for epidemiological investigation. Arrange the sequence of events in accordance with the correct outline plan for epidemiological investigation: 1. Report the presence of dengue 2. Summarize data and conclude the final picture of epidemic 3. Relate the occurrence to the population group, facilities, food supply and carriers 4. Determine if the disease is factual or real 5. Determine any unusual prevalence of the disease and its nature; is it epidemic, sporadic, endemic or pandemic? 6. Determine onset and the geographical limitation of the disease. a. 4,1,3,5,2,6 c. 5,4,6,2,1,3 b. 4,1,5,6,3,2 d. 1,2,3,4,5,6 Answer: 4,1,5,6,3,2 Outline plan for Epidemiological Investigation: 1. Establish fact of presence of epidemic. Verify Diagnosis do clinical and laboratory studies to confirm the data. Is the disease that which is reported to be? Are all the cases due to the same disease? Reporting Is it reasonably complete? Is it prompt enough so that cases reported to date represent a fairly accurate picture of the present situation? Is there an unusual prevalence of the disease? Past experience of a given community. Relation to nature of disease Which cases may be considered epidemic and which are endemic? 2. Establish time and space relationship of the disease. Are the cases limited to or concentrated in any particular geographical subdivision of the affected community? Relation of cases by days of onset to onset of the first known cases maybe done by days, week or months. 3. Relations to characteristic of the group of community. Relation of cases to age, group, sex, color, occupation, school attendance, past immunization, etc. Relation of sanitary facilities, especially water supply, sewerage disposal, general sanitation of homes, relation to animal or insect vectors. Relation to milk and food supply. Relation of cases and known carriers if any. 4. Correlation of all data obtained. Summarize the data clearly with the aid of such tablets and charts which are necessary to give a clear picture of the situation. Build up the case for the final conclusion carefully utilizing all the evidence available. Establish the source of the epidemic and the manner of the spread, if possible.
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 Make suggestion as to the control, if disease is still present in community and as to prevention of future outbreaks. Source: Public Health Nursing in the Philippines by Cuevas, pp.69 15.All of the following are specific roles of Nurse Budek in epidemiological investigation except: a. Surveillance of infectious diseases b. Refer cases to hospitals as necessary c. Laboratory diagnosis d. Follow up cases and contacts. Answer: C. Laboratory diagnosis Function of epidemiology Nurse: (a)Maintains surveillance of the occurrence of modifiable disease. (b) Coordinates with other members of the health team during the disease outbreak. (c) Participates in case findings and collection of laboratory specimens. (d) Isolates cases of communicable disease. (e) Renders nursing care, teaches and supervises giving of care. (f) Performs and teach household members method, concurrent and terminal disinfection. (g) Gives health teachings to prevent further spreads of disease to individual and families. (h)Follow up cases and contacts. (i) Organizes, coordinates and conducts community health education campaign/meetings. (j) Refers cases when necessary. (k) Coordinates with other concerned community agencies. (l) Accomplishes and keeps records and reports and submits to proper office/agency. Source: Public Health Nursing in the Philippines by Cuevas, pp.75 16.The office in charge with registering vital facts including age, sex and distribution in the Philippines is none other than the: a. PCSO c. NSO b. PAGCOOR d. DOH Answer: C. NSO Statistic on population and characteristics such as age, and sex, distribution in the country are obtained from the National Statistics Office (NSO). Source: Public Health Nursing in the Philippines by Cuevas, pp.75 17.This refers to systematic study of vital events such as births, illnesses, marriages , divorces and deaths: a. Epidemiology c. Health Statistics b. Demographics d. Vital Statistics Answer: D. Vital Statistics Vital Statistics refers to the systematic study of vital events such as births, illnesses, , marriages, divorce, separation and deaths. Source: Public Health Nursing in the Philippines by Cuevas, pp.75 18.In case of clerical errors in your birth certificate. Where should you go to have it corrected? a. NSO c. Municipal Trial Court b, Court of Appeals d. Local Civil Registrar Answer: D. Local Civil Registrar Births and deaths are registered in the Office of the Local Civil Registrar of the municipality or city. In cities, births and deaths are registered at the City Health Department. Source: Public Health Nursing in the Philippines by Cuevas, pp.75 19.These rates are referred to the total living population. It must be presumed that the total population was exposed to the risk of occurrence of the event. a. Rate c. Crude/General Rates b. Ratio d. Specific Rate Answer: C. Crude/General rates
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Crude or General Rates referred to the total living population. It must be presumed that the total population was exposed to the risk of the concurrence of the event. Source: Public Health Nursing in the Philippines by Cuevas, pp.76 20.These are used to describe the relationship between two numerical quantities or measures of events without taking particular considerations to the time or place. a. Rate c. Crude/General Rates b. Ratio d. Specific Rate Answer: B. Ratios Ratio is used to describe the relationship between two (2) numerical quantities or measures of events without taking particular considerations to the time or place. These quantities need not necessarily represent the same quantities, although the unit of measure must be the same for both numerator and denominator of the ratio. Source: Public Health Nursing in the Philippines by Cuevas, pp.76

21.This is the most sensitive index in determining the general health condition of a community since it reflects the changes in the environment and medical conditions of a community. a. Crude death rate c. Maternal Mortality rate b. Infant mortality rate d. Fetal death rate Answer: B. Infant Mortality Rate IMR measures the risk of dying during the 1st year of life. It is a good index of the general health condition of a community since it reflects the changes in the environment and medical condition of a community. Source: Public Health Nursing in the Philippines by Cuevas, pp.77 22.In reporting the birth of Baby Lestat, where will he be registered? a. Local Civil Registrar c. City Health Department b. National Statistics Office d. FHSIS Main Office Answer: A. Local Civil Registrar Births and Deaths are registered in the Office of the Local Civil Registrar of the municipality or city. Source: Public Health Nursing in the Philippines by Cuevas, pp.75 23.The epidemiologic triad consists of the following but one: a. Environment c. Treatment b. Host d. Agent Answer: C. Treatment The Epidemiologic triad consists of three (3) components host, environment, and agent. The model implies that each must be analyzed and understood for comprehensions and prediction of patterns of a disease. A change in any of the component will alter an existing equilibrium to increase or decrease the frequency of the disease. Source: Public Health Nursing in the Philippines by Cuevas, pp.63 24.This is described by dividing the number of persons in a household by the number of rooms used by the family for sleeping: a. Population density c. Dependency ratio b. Crowding index d. Urban-rural distribution Answer: B. Crowding Index Crowding index will describe the ease by which a communicable disease will be transmitted from one host to another susceptible host. This is described by dividing the number of persons in a household with the number of rooms used by the family for sleeping. Source: Nursing Practice in the Community 3rd edition by Maglaya, pp.175

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25.The method of doing census where people are assigned to the place where they are physically present at the time of the census, regardless of their usual plce of residence is: a. de jure c. de facto b. de juror d. in facto Answer: C. de facto When the de facto method is used, the people are assigned to the place where they are physically present at the time of the census regardless of their usual place of residence. Source: Nursing Practice in the Community 3rd edition by Maglaya, pp.175 26.You are a CHN assigned in Brgy. Wako. Applying your knowledge of demography, you noted that the Mang PNoys household has a crowding index of 1, while Mang Tonyos household has a crowding index of 2. Analyzing the data, where will disease transmission be faster? a. In Mang Teroys household b. In Mang Tonyos household c. In both households d. In neither of the households because the data is irrelevant to the question Answer: B. In Mang Tonyos house Crowding index in community health nursing is a helpful gauge of the ease by which a communicable disease can be transmitted from one host to another susceptible host within a household. Generally speaking, the higher the crowding index, the easier the disease transmission within the household. Source: The BASICS of COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING by Gesmundo, pp.377 27.The statement, The higher the population density, the more congested the area, the easier the disease transmission, generally means that: a. Epidemics are likely to occur in rural communities. b. Epidemics are likely to occur in middle class subdivision in cities. c. Epidemics are likely to occur in urban poor communities. d. Epidemics have nothing to do with population density. Answer: C. Epidemics are likely to occur in urban poor communities. Population density determines the congestion of the place. This is measured in terms of the number of people living in each square kilometer of a geographic unit. Generally speaking, the higher the population density, the more congested the area; the more congested the area, the easier the disease transmission within a specified geographic unit. Source: The BASICS of COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING by Gesmundo, pp.377 28.The urban-rural distribution of a country aids national planners in identifying the area where to concentrate its health services on. As a community health nurse, given the urban-rural distribution in the Philippines, you know very well that health services, should generally concentrated in: a. the rural areas c. selected areas in the city b. the urban areas d. urban poor communities Answer: A. the rural areas Urban-rural distribution shows the proportion of people living in urban areas compared to those in the rural areas. With an economy based on agriculture, a large majority of the Filipinos still reside in the rural areas of the country. Source: The BASICS of COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING by Gesmundo, pp.377 29.A sex ratio of 99 in Brgy. San Jose indicates that: a. there are 99 females in Brgy. San Jose b. there are 99 males in Brgy. San Jose c. there are 99 females for every 100 males in Brgy. San Jose d. there are 99 males for every 100 females in Brgy. San Jose Answer: D. there are 99 males for every 100 females in Brgy. San Jose Sex ratio measures the sex composition and compares the number of males for every female in the population. The result is interpreted as the number of males for every 100 females in a given locality. Source: The BASICS of COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING by Gesmundo, pp.377
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30.Which of the following is the backbone in disease prevention? a. Epidemiology c. Vital Statistics b. Demographics d. Health Statistics Answer: A. Epidemiology Epidemiology is the study of occurrence and distribution of diseases as well as the distribution and determinants of health states or events in specified population, and application of this study to the control of health problems. This emphasizes that epidemiologists are concerned not only with deaths, illness and disability, but also with more positive health states and with means to improve health. Source: Public Health Nursing in the Philippines by Cuevas, pp.63 31.It helps the nurse to explain the probable cause of health conditions that occur in the community: a. Vital statistics c. Multiple causation theory b. Demography d. Epidemiology Answer: D. Epidemiology Vital statistics- are indices of health and illness status of the community. Demography describes the characteristics of a population in terms of size, composition and distribution in space. Multiple causation theory explains disease as caused not by a single condition but by several conditions or factors. Source: SIAs Community Health and Communicable Diseases Nursing Reviewer 2008 edition, pp.168 32.This is an important indicator in assessing the impact of the program on the family planning and reproductive behavior: a. Total Fertility Rate c. Crude Birth Rate b. Maternal Mortality Rate d. General Fertility Rate Answer: A. Total Fertility Rate This refers to the number of births a woman would have had by the end of her reproductive life. This is an important indicator in assessing the impact of the program on family planning and reproductive behavior. The rate varies with the location and education. Source: Community Organizing Participatory Action Research for Community Health Development by Jiminez, pp.15 33.Data presentation will depend largely on the type of data obtained. Numerical data may be presented into table or graphs. Tables or graphs are useful in showing key information making it easier to show comparisons including patterns and trends. It is used for comparisons of absolute or relative counts and rates between categories: a. Line Graph c. Proportional graph b. Bar Graph d. Scattered Graph Answer: B. Bar graph Line graph shows trend data or changes with time or age with respect to some other variable. Proportional or component bar graph/ pie chart shows breakdown of a group or total where the number of categories is not too many. Scattered diagram correction data for two variables. Source: Nursing Practice in the Community 3rd edition by Maglaya, pp.168 34.In the community, after home delivery who files the birth certificates in the civil registry? a. Nurse c. Midwife b. Physician d. BHW Answer: C. Midwife It is the birth attendant/midwife who must fill-up and register the birth of the infant. If the birth attendant is a hilot/ TBA, he/she must be assisted by a midwife. The TBAs must report to the health center or BHS all deliveries that he/she has assisted for continuing services. Source: SIAs Community Health and Communicable Diseases Nursing Reviewer 2008 edition, pp.9

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35.Nurse Katarina is providing tertiary prevention to Daniel. An example of tertiary prevention is: a. Poison control c. Self-examination for breast CA b. Indentifying complications of diabetes d. Marriage Counseling Answer: B. Indentifying complications of diabetes Tertiary prevention involves rehabilitation and begins when the disease or condition has been stabilized and no further healing is expected. The goal of tertiary prevention is to return the person to the highest level of health or functioning that his present condition allows. Source: SIAs Community Health and Communicable Diseases Nursing Reviewer 2008 edition, pp.344 36.Aryana was exposed to viral Hepatitis. Hence she was given an injection of gamma globulin by her physician. This is: a. Natural active immunity c. Artificial active immunity b. Natural passive immunity d. Artificial passive immunity Answer: D. Artificial passive immunity Gamma globulins are preformed antibiotics injected to individuals in order to provide immediate protection or lessen the severity of an on going infection. Source: SIAs Community Health and Communicable Diseases Nursing Reviewer 2008 edition, pp.129

For items 37-40, choose the type of community response to a disease agent invasion: a. Sporadic b. Epidemic c. Endemic d. Pandemic

37.2-3 cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Brgy. Filomena Answer: A. Sporadic A situation wherein a disease occurs every now and then, affecting only small number of people relative to the total population. Source: The BASICS of COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING by Gesmundo, pp.365 38.Pneumonia Answer: D. Pandemic Global/worldwide occurrence of the disease. Source: The BASICS of COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING by Gesmundo, pp.365 39.Schistosomiasis in Bicol Answer: C. Endemic A situation wherein there is a habitual presence of a disease in a given geographic location accounting for the low number of both immunes and susceptible; the causative agent of the disease is constantly available or present in the are. Source: The BASICS of COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING by Gesmundo, pp.364 40.Mass food poisoning Answer: B. Epidemic A situation wherein the proportion of the susceptible are high compared to the proportion of the immunes; also characterized by a situation where there is a high incidence of new cases of a specific disease in excess of the expected. Source: The BASICS of COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING by Gesmundo, pp.364 Situation III. Nurse Nene is a New Public Health Nurse in the Municipality of Bagong Tuklas. This municipality has the following population in 2011: Population 30,000 Total infant deaths 11 Total number of cases who died from TB 4 Total births 500
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Total deaths from all causes 74 Number of confirmed positive PTB cases 38 Number of cases examined for TB - 198 41.Nurse Nene studied the figures of diseases that occurred in Bagong Tuklas for the last two years. This is referred to as: a. Mortality statistics c. Rates b. Ratios d. Morbidity statistics Answer: D. Morbidity statistics Mortality statistics measures the occurrence of death. Ratios describe relationship between two numerical quantities or measures of events. Rates describe relationship of a vital event and those persons exposed to that vital event within a locality at a specified time. Source: SIAs Community Health and Communicable Diseases Nursing Reviewer 2008 edition, pp.169 42.Using the data given the infant mortality rate of Bagong Tuklas in 2011 is: a. 24/1000 population c. 22/1000 population b. 24/ 1000 live births d. 22/1000 live births Answer: C. 22/1000 population Infant death x 1000 Registered live births = 11/500 x 1000 = 22/1000 population Source: SIAs Community Health and Communicable Diseases Nursing Reviewer 2008 edition, pp.169 43.Which of the following gives a good reflection of the state of health of Bagong Tuklas? a. Maternal mortality rate c. Infant mortality rate b. Age-specific death rate d. Crude death rate Answer: C. Infant Mortality Rate Infant mortality rate measures the risk of dying during the 1st year of life. It is a good index of the general health condition of a community since it reflects the changes in the environment and medical condition of a community. Maternal mortality rate is an indicator of womans health status and success of reproductive programs. Age-specific death rate describes death from a specific age per population of that age. Crude death rate refers to the total no. of death in a given population. Source: SIAs Community Health and Communicable Diseases Nursing Reviewer 2008 edition, pp.169 Public Health Nursing in the Philippines by Cuevas, pp.46 44.Using the variables given, what is the fatality rate of TB? a. 4% c. 19.19% b. 5.40% d. 10.53% Answer: D. 10.53% No. of deaths x 100 No. of cases = 4/38 x 100 = 10.53% Source: SIAs Community Health and Communicable Diseases Nursing Reviewer 2008 edition, pp.170 Situation III. Barangay XYZ has the following data in the year 2011: July 1 population ----------------------------------254, 316 Live births ------------------------------------------2, 289 Death from maternal cause ---------------------- 15 Death from cardiovascular disease -------------- 3, 029 Death under 1 year of age ------------------------- 23
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Fetal deaths-----------------------------------------8 Deaths under 28 days------------------------------- 8 Death due to rabies--------------------------------45 Registered cases of rabies------------------------- 45 People with Pneumonia---------------------------79 People exposed with Pneumonia----------------- 2, 593 Total number of deaths from all causes--------- 10, 998 45.What is the crude birth rate of Barangay XYZ? a. 9/1000 c. 9/100 b. 90/100 d. 90/1000 Answer: A. 9/1000 CBR= Total no. of live births registered in a given calendar year Estimated population as of July 1 of same year = 2, 289x 1000 254, 316 = 9/1000

x 1000

46.What is the cause specific death rate of cardiovascular diseases? a. 1.1/1000 c. 27/100,000 b. 1100/100,000 d. 27/100 Answer: B. 1100/100,000 CFR= No. of death from specific caused registered in a given year x 100,000 Estimated population as of July 1 of same year = 3, 029 x 100,000 254, 316 = 1100/100,000 47.What is the maternal mortality rate of this barangay? a. 3.67/1000 c. 5.89/1000 b. 1.36/1000 d. 6/1000 Answer: D. 6/1000 MMR= Total no. of deaths from maternal causes Total no. of live births registered of same year = 15 x 1,000 2,289 = 6/1000 48.What is the fetal death rate? a. 10.04/1000 c. 3/1000 b. 3.13/100,000 d. 3.14/100 Answer: C. 3/1000 FDR= Total no. of Fetal deaths registered in a given calendar year x 1,000 Total no. of live births registered on same year = 8 2,289 x 1,000

x 1,000

= 3/1,000 49.What is the attack rate of pneumonia?

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a. 3/100 c. 32.84/100 b. 3/1000 d. 35/1000 Answer: A. 3/100 AR= No. of persons acquiring a disease registered in a given year No.of exposed to same disease in the same year = _79_ 2,593 x 100

x 100

= 3/100 50.Determine the case fatality ratio of this barangay. a. 25% c. 75% b. 50% d. 100% Answer: D. 100% CFR= No. of registered deaths from a specific disease for a given year No. of registered cases from same specific disease in same year = 45 45 = 100% x 100

x 100

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