SUJEET YADAV

ROLL NO 55 GNVS IOM

What are the leading indicators affecting the us economy?

CCI - Consumer Confidence Index [High] The Conference Board; Last Tuesday of each month, 10:00am EST, covers current month's data The CCI is a survey based on a sample of 5,000 U.S. households and is considered one of the most accurate indicators of confidence. The idea behind consumer confidence is that when the economy warrants more jobs, increased wages, and lower interest rates, it increases our confidence and spending power. The respondents answer questions about their income, the market condition as they see it, and the chances to see increase in their income. Confidence is looked at closely by the Federal Reserve when determining interest rates. It is considered to be a big market mover as private consumption is two thirds of the American economy. Employment Report [High] Department of Labor; The first Friday of each month, 8:30am EST, covers previous month data The collection of the data is gathered through a survey among 375,000 business and 60,000 households. The report reviews: the number of new work places created or cancelled in the economy, average wages per hour and the average length of the work week. The report is considered as one of the most important economic publications, both for the fact that it discloses new up-to-date information and due to the fact that, together with NFP, it gives a good picture of the total state of the economy. The report also shows separately the picture in the different sectors (manufacture, service, building, mining, public, etc.) GDP - Gross Domestic Product [High] BEA (Bureau of Economic Analysis); Last day of the quarter, 8:30am EST, covers previous quarter data. The US Commerce department publishes the GDP in 3 modes: advance; preliminary; final. GDP is a gross measure of market activity. It represents the monetary value of all the goods and services produced by an economy over a specified period. This includes consumption, government purchases, investments, and the trade balance. The GDP is perhaps the greatest indicator of the economic health of a country. It is usually measured on a yearly basis, but quarterly stats are also released. The Commerce Department releases an "advance report" on the last day of each quarter. Within a month it follows up with the "preliminary report" and then the "final report" is released another month later. The most recent GDP figures have a relatively high importance to the markets. GDP indicates the pace at which a country's economy is growing (or shrinking).

Gross Domestic Product GDP is the broadest single measure of the overall state of the economy. In the U.S., the federal Bureau of Economic Analysis reports GDP on a quarterly basis, with each measure reflecting the previous quarter. The most significant figure is the growth rate. In general, GDP in the U.S. grows at an annual rate of around 3 percent. A higher growth rate may signal inflation and lead to higher interest rates from the Fed, while a lower rate may signal a slowdown in the economy, which could raise unemployment and reduce consumer spending. Inflation Measures Two measures of inflation are the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Producer Price Index (PPI). The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics releases both indexes monthly. The CPI is the most important inflation indicator and measures the change in price of a bundle of consumer goods and services. It also is important to consider the CPI core rate, which gives a better reading of true inflation by excluding the volatile food and energy sectors.The Producer Price Index (PPI) helps gauge inflation by measuring the price of wholesale goods. These include raw materials, intermediate goods used to produce other products and finished goods. Higher wholesale prices raise production costs, resulting in higher retail prices. Unemployment Indicators The Bureau of Labor Statistics releases a monthly unemployment report that includes the unemployment rate, the number of new jobs created, average hours worked per week and the average hourly wage. Consumer Measures Leading indicators of consumer activity include the Retail Sales Index and the Consumer Confidence Index. The Retail Sales Index, released monthly by the U.S. Census Bureau, measures retail sales by studying a sample of U.S. retail stores. The Consumer Confidence Index, released monthly by the Conference Board, a nongovernmental organization, surveys a sample of consumers about their feelings regarding the state of the economy. Many analysts think high consumer confidence can lead to an economic recovery, even when other data suggest a sluggish economy. Conference Board Index The Conference Board releases its Index of Leading Indicators every month. The index consists of 10 measures: average work week in manufacturing, average number of applications for unemployment, manufacturers' orders for consumer goods, manufacturers' orders for capital goods, speed of delivery of goods from suppliers, housing permits, the Standard and Poor's 500 Stock Index, the inflation-adjusted money supply, consumer expectations and the spread between short- and long-term interest rates.

BSE BSE Limited formerly known as Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) (Bombay hare Bzar) is a stock exchange located on Dalal Street, Mumbai and is the oldest stock exchange in Asia. The equity market capitalization of the companies listed on the BSE was US$1 trillion as of December 2011, making it the 6th largest stock exchange in Asia and the 14th largest in the world.[1] The BSE has the largest number of listed companies in the world. As of March 2012, there are over 5,133 listed Indian companies and over 8,196 scrips on the stock exchange,[3] the Bombay Stock Exchange has a significant trading volume. The BSE SENSEX, also called "BSE 30", is a widely used market index in India and Asia. Though many other exchanges exist, BSE and the National Stock Exchange of India account for the majority of the equity trading in India. While both have similar total market capitalization (about USD 1.6 trillion), share volume in NSE is typically two times that of BSE. HISTORY The Bombay Stock Exchange is the oldest exchange in Asia. It traces its history to the 1850s, when four Gujarati and one Parsi stockbroker would gather under banyan trees in front of Mumbai's Town Hall. The location of these meetings changed many times, as the number of brokers constantly increased. The group eventually moved to Dalal Street in 1874 and in 1875 became an official organization known as 'The Native Share & Stock Brokers Association'. In 1956, the BSE became the first stock exchange to be recognized by the Indian Government under the Securities Contracts Regulation Act. The Bombay Stock Exchange developed the BSE SENSEX in 1986, giving the BSE a means to measure overall performance of the exchange. In 2000 the BSE used this index to open its derivatives market, trading SENSEX futures contracts. The development of SENSEX options along with equity derivatives followed in 2001 and 2002, expanding the BSE's trading platform. Historically an open outcry floor trading exchange, the Bombay Stock Exchange switched to an electronic trading system in 1995. It took the exchange only fifty days to make this transition. This automated, screen-based trading platform called BSE On-line trading (BOLT) currently has a capacity of 8 million orders per day. The BSE has also introduced the world's first centralized exchangebased internet trading system, BSEWEBx.co.in to enable investors anywhere in the world to trade on the BSE platform. The BSE is currently housed in Phiroze Jeejeebhoy Towers at Dalal Street, Fort area. KEY CHANGES Our commitment to being at the forefront of the current and evolving practice of business has led to programs that reflect the realities of the marketplace. The backing and experience of BSE has helped us provide insights into the unique functions of this world. It has given us the edge of being at the hub of regulatory changes, the vast knowledge base, the wealth of experience of 136 years, formulating the most aligned curriculum. Our international programs have helped us in making the focus of our

program 'glocal', providing a vast base to the learners. Case studies replicate actual business situations and are taught so that students must work together to make difficult decisions under typical management conditions, including a lack of complete information, complex tradeoff situations and time pressure. Our faculty is from the industry along with being academicians; hence they are able to put real time case studies on the plate for the students. We can proudly say that the case studies discussed in the sessions are 'real-time'. For more than two decades, the BSE Institute Ltd. faculty have drawn on their passion for teaching, their experience in working with organizations worldwide, and the insights gained from their experience to educate professionals who have shaped the practice of business in financial markets not only in India but also many other countries around the world. Our course design and development is firmly grounded in knowledge of business processes - in entrepreneurial companies and established firms unconstrained by the boundaries of academic disciplines. Our institute can also proudly boast of the 'simulation lab' where the students can learn trading on 'real-time' basis. NSE The National Stock Exchange (NSE) (Hindi: Rashtriya hare Bzar)

is stock exchange located at Mumbai, India. It is in the top 20 largest stock exchanges in the world by market capitalization and largest in India by daily turnover and number of trades, for both equities and derivative trading. NSE has a market capitalization of around US$1 trillion and over 1,652 listings as of July 2012.Though a number of other exchanges exist, NSE and the Bombay Stock Exchange are the two most significant stock exchanges in India, and between them are responsible for the vast majority of share transactions. The NSE's key index is the S&P CNX Nifty, known as the NSE NIFTY (National Stock Exchange Fifty), an index of fifty major stocks weighted by market capitalisation. NSE is mutually owned by a set of leading financial institutions, banks, insurance companies and other financial intermediaries in India but its ownership and management operate as separate entities. There are at least 2 foreign investors NYSE Euronext and Goldman Sachs who have taken a stake in the NSE. As of 2006, the NSE VSAT terminals, 2799 in total, cover more than 1500 cities across India. In 2011, NSE was the third largest stock exchange in the world in terms of the number of contracts (1221 million) traded in equity derivatives. It is the second fastest growing stock exchange in the world with a recorded growth of 16.6%. HISTORY The National Stock exchange was incorporated for the first time in November, 1992. The national stock exchange was not incorporated as the national stock exchange; rather, it had got the recognition of the recognized stock exchange in April, 1993. The National stock Exchange has increased its trading facilities in June 1994 when the WDM (Wholesale Debt Market Segment) was gone live. It is basically one of the three market segments in which the national stock Exchange works. In the same year, 1994 November, the Capital Market (CM) segment of the stock exchange goes live through

VSAT. The National Stock Exchange has become the first Clearing Corporation in India by the introduction of NSCCL in April 1995. In the same year, 1995 July, it has introduced the Investor protection fund which is a very important function introduced by the national Stock Exchange. The National stock Exchange had grown with leaps and bounds and had shown tremendous growth mainly in all the fields and thus making it the largest stock exchange of India by October, 1995. The concept of NSCCL was extended by the introduction of clearing and settlement with the help of NSCCL in year 1996. The National stock Exchange has introduced its Index for the first time in year April 1996. The index was known as the S&P CNX Nifty Index. In year June 1996, it has introduced the Settlement Guarantee Fund. The National Securities Depositor Fund was launched by the National Stock exchange in year 1996, November, and thus making it the first stock exchange who becomes the first depository in India. KEY CHANGES ensure that any time cap on payment of weekly income benefits and medical expenses (apart from the Commonwealth retirement age) not apply to severely injured workers. abolish journey claims except in relation to Police Officers. abolish the entitlement of dependents of deceased or injured workers to make nervous shock claims ensure that in cases of total incapacity, workers receive 95 per cent of their pre-injury average weekly earnings for the first 13 weeks of total incapacity, and then 80 per cent from week 14 onwards. ensure that in cases of partial incapacity, workers receive 95 per cent of their pre-injury average weekly earnings for the first 13 weeks of total incapacity and then 80 per cent from week 14 onwards (in each case less certain amounts). impose a time cap on weekly income benefits of no less than five years for less seriously injured workers, with a more generous time cap for an intermediate category of injured worker and ultimately no time cap (except the Commonwealth retirement age) for the most seriously injured workers. ensure that the absolute end date for the payment of all weekly benefits be the Commonwealth retirement age. cap reasonable and necessary medical and related treatment expenses to those incurred whilst weekly benefits are paid and for one year after the cessation of those payments. require mandatory, independent, binding work capacity testing at defined intervals. incorporate payments under section 67 [of the Workers Compensation Act 1987] for pain and suffering into section 66 for lump sum payments for injuries. ensure that after the determination of a claim for whole person impairment, only up to two further claims be permitted and in each case only if there has been a deterioration of whole person impairment of at least 5 per cent since the last determination. amend the definition of injury in section 4 of the Workers Compensation Act 1987 so that a disease is only included if the employment was the main contributing factor to the contraction, aggravation, acceleration, exacerbation or deterioration of the disease. remove the entitlement of the estate of a worker to receive a death benefit where the worker had no dependants. increase the thresholds for permanent impairment lump sums under section 66 of the Act on the basis that saving be redistributed in the form of higher permanent impairment lump sums for those with at least 10 per cent .