1.

INSTRUCTIONS 1.1 1.2 Teachers should explain the suggested techniques on how to answer questions to the pupils. Ensure that pupils can identify the Master Keys which are the manipulated variables or what to change (MV / wtc) and the responding variables or what to observe (RV / wto). Clarify about the fixed variables or what to keep the same (RV) too. 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Pupils should be exposed to the method of identifying parameters and patterns of (MV / wtc) and (RV / wto) Enable pupils to write (MV / wtc) and (RV / wto) in the master key diagram found in the questions. Teachers can use the time frame suggested in the module table. Discuss the answers and correct the mistakes. The result can be filled in the assessment form.

2.

INTRODUCTION In answering science questions, pupils are normally confused and not clear about the Science Process Skills terminology. To make it easier, we teachers, should come to an agreement where the usage of the correct methods and techniques are essential. The following suggestions could be helpful for several Science Process Skills.

2.1

Manipulate variable (MV) / What to change (wtc) : Things which are being changed during the experiment. Question Answering format Answer : 1. Based on the investigation, state what to change. : 1. (Parameter) + objects / materials / situations : 1. Amount of sunlight.

2.2

Respond variable (RV) / What to observe (wto) : Things which are being observed, measured or recorded during and after the experiment Question Answering format Answers : 1. State what to observe in this experiment. : 1. (Parameter) + objects / materials / situations. : 1. Height of the plants. 2. Size of the rabbits.

2.3

Constant / Fix variable (FV) / What to keep the same (wts) : Things which are being kept the same before, during and after the experiment. Question Answering format Answers : 1. State what is kept the same in this experiment. : 1. (Parameter) + objects / materials / situations. : 1. Type of the plant. / Place of experiment. / Amount of water.

2.4

Hypothesis / Relationship Suggested statements that explain the relationship between the (MV / wtc) and (RV / wto) which are not being verified by an experiment . Questions Answering format : 1. What is the hypothesis of this experiment? 2. State one hypothesis based on this investigation? : 1. As / If / When the (MV / wtc) increased / decreased, the (RV / wto) increased / decreased. 2. The more / less the (MV / wtc), the more/ less the(RV / wto). Answers : 1. As / If / When the amount of sunlight increases, the height of the plant increases. 2. The more amount of food, the bigger the rabbit.

2.5

Aim: Purpose of the investigation or things to find out. Questions Answering format : 1. What is the aim / purpose of the investigation above? 2. What can you find out from this investigation : 1. To investigate / find out the relationship between the (MV/ wtc) and (RV / wto). 2. To investigate / find out the effect of (MV / wtc) on (RV / wto). Answers : 1. To investigate / find out the relationship between the amount of sunlight and height of the plants. 2. To investigate / find out the effect of the amount of sunlight and the height of the plants.

2.6

Predict: The ability to forecast about what will happen based on the given data or prior knowledge.

Questions

: 1. Predict the length of the string if a 5 kg load is used. 2. What will happen to the plant if it is covered with a black plastic?

Answers

: 1. The length of spring 2. The plant will die. 3. *depends on the result of the investigation or from the data given.

2.7

Trend Questions Answering format Answer : 1. State the trend / pattern of the height of the plant. : 1. Increasing / Decreasing / Same : 1. *depends on the result of the investigation or from the data given.

2.8

Conclusion Questions Answering format : 1. Write down a conclusion for the investigation above. 2. What can you learn from the investigation? the (RV / wto) increased / decreased. 2. The more / less the (MV / wtc), the more / less the (RV / wtc) Answers : 1. As / If / When the amount of sunlight increases, the height of the plant increases. 2. The more the amount of food, the bigger the rabbit. 3. *depends on the result of the investigation or from the data given. : 1. As / If / When the (MV / wtc) increased / decreased,

Conclusion that is based on irregular trend. Examples Number of chilli

Amount of fertilizer / g

Questions

: 1. Write down a conclusion for the investigation above. 2. What can you learn from the investigation?

Answering format :

1. The (RV / wto) is the highest when the (MV / wtc) is from to
Answer : 1. The number of chilli is the highest when the amount of fertilizer is from 4 to 6 gram.

MV RV 1.

: Condition of place / Amount of sunlighty Keadaan tempat / Jumlah cahaya matahari : Condition of plants / Growth of plants / Healthiness of plants Keadaan tumbuhan / Tumbesaran tumbuhan / Kesuburan tumbuhan The following information shows three plants of the same type that are placed in different location. The investigation takes about two weeks. Maklumat berikut menunjukkan tiga tumbuhan yang sama jenis dan diletakkan di tempat yang berbeza. Penyiasatan dijalankan selama dua minggu. Plant J Tumbuhan J Plant K Tumbuhan K Plant L Tumbuhan L : : : : : : in a dark place. di tempat gelap in a shady place. di tempat teduh in a bright place. di tempat terang

The results are recorded in the table below. Keputusan direkodkan seperti dalam jadual di bawah. Plant Tumbuhan J K L Condition of place Keadaan tempat Dark Gelap Shady Teduh Bright Terang Condition of plants Keadaan tumbuhan Dead Mati Wilted Layu Healthy Segar

Table 1 (a). State the aim of the investigation. Nyatakan tujuan penyiasatan ini. To investigate the relatrionship between ____________________________________ and _________________________________________________________________ Untuk menyiasat hubungan antara _________________________________________ dan _________________________________________________________________ (b). In this investigation state, Dalam penyiasatan ini nyatakan,

(i). (ii). MV RV 2.

what is changed : ______________________________________________ dimanipulasikan what is observed : _______________________________________________ bergerak balas

: Type of plant Jenis tumbuhan / pokok : Condition of the plant Keadaan tumbuhan / pokok Diagram 1 shows two plants, M and N which are put in one place. Both plants are not given water for a week. Rajah 1 menunjukkan dua tumbuhan, M dan N yang diletakkan di satu tempat.Keduaduanya tidak disiram air selama seminggu.

Plant M Tumbuhan M Diagram 1 (a).

Plant N Tumbuhan N

In this experiment, state the things that; Dalam eksperimen ini, nyatakan pembolehubah berikut : i. ii. iii. is changed dimanipulasikan is observed bergerak balas is kept the same dimalarkan : ____________________________________________ : ____________________________________________ : ____________________________________________

MV

: Time / Day (Increases) Masa / Hari (Bertambah)

RV 3.

: Number of pupils having (increases) Bilangan murid menghidap selsema (Bertambah) In a study about the number of pupils who have flu, a group of pupils gathered information in the table below. Dalam satu kajian tentang bilangan murid yang menghidap selsema, sekumpulan murid mengumpul maklumat seperti di bawah. Day Hari Monday Isnin Tuesday Selasa Wednesday Rabu Thursday flu Khamis Friday Jumaat Number of pupils having flu Bilangan murid menghidap selsema 2 4 6

10
Table 2

(a).

State the pattern of the change in the number of pupils who have flu. Nyatakan pola perubahan bilangan murid yang menghidap selsema. _____________________________________________________________________

(b)

Predict the number of pupils having flu on Thursday. Ramalkan bilangan murid menghidap selsema pada hari Khamis. _____________________________________________________________________

(c).

In this investigation, state what is Dalam penyiasatan ini, nyatakan apakah i. ii. changed dimanipulasikan observed bergerak balas : ____________________________________________ : ___________________________________________

(d).

What conclusion can be made from the study above? Apakah kesimpulan yang boleh dibuat daripada kajian di atas? When the ____________________ increases / decreases, the __________________ _____________________________increases / decreases Apabila __________________ bertambah / berkurang, maka ____________________

____________________________________ bertambah / berkurang.

MV RV 4.

: Time / Year (Increases) Masa / Tahun (Bertambah) : Number of patients (decreases) Bilangan pesakit (Berkurang) In a study about chicken pox, a group of pupils gathered information in the bar chart below. Dalam satu kajian tentang demam campak, sekumpulan murid mengumpul maklumat seperti dalam carta bar di bawah.
Number of patients Bilangan pesakit

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
2003 2004 2005 2006 Diagram 2 2007 Year Tahun

(a).

Name the thing that is Namakan benda yang i. changed : _________________________________________________ dimanipulasikan ii. observed : _________________________________________________ bergerak balas

(b).

Based on the information gathered, write one statement relating the two things in (a). Berdasarkan maklumat yang didapati, tulis satu kenyataan berhubung dua perkara dalam (a). If the ___________________ increases / decreases, the _______________________ _____________________________ increases / decreases.

Jika ____________________ bertambah / berkurang, maka ____________________ ______________________________ bertambah / berkurang. (c). Based on the bar chart, state the pattern of the change in the number of patients. Berdasarkan carta bar. Nyatakan corak perubahan bilangan pesakit. _____________________________________________________________________ MV RV 5. : Time / Year (Increases) Masa / Tahun (Bertambah) : Number of tiger (Decreases) Bilangan harimau (Berkurang) The following table shows the number of tigers found in a jungle. Jadual di bawah menunjukkan bilangan harimau yang dijumpai dalam sebuah hutan. Year Tahun Number of tiger Bilangan harimau (a). What is the aim of this investigation? Apakah tujuan penyiasatan ini? To investigate the relationship between the ______________________________ and the __________________________________________________________________ Untuk menyiasat hubungan antara _____________________________________ dan _____________________________________________________________________ (b). Based on the investigation, state the following that is: Berdasarkan penyiasatan ini, nyatakan maklumat berikut: i. changed ( manipulated variable): dimanipulasikan _______________________________________________________________ measured (responding variable): bergerak balas _______________________________________________________________ 2000 26
Table 3

2002 22

2004 18

2006 14

2008

ii.

(c).

Predict the number of tigers in 2008? Ramalkan bilangan harimau pada tahun 2008? ____________________________________________(Jawapan dalam bentuk angka)

(d).

What can you conclude from the investigation?

Apakah kesimpulan yang boleh dibuat daripada penyiasatan ini? When the ________________ increases / decreases, the ______________________ ________________________ increases / decreases. Apabila ___________________ bertambah / berkurang, maka ___________________ ___________________________ bertambah / berkurang.

MV RV 6.

: The amount of water sprinkled on the bread (Increases) Jumlah air yang direnjis ke atas roti : The number of mould spots on the bread (Increases) Bilangan tompok kulat di atas roti (Bertambah) A group of pupils carried out an investigation on three pieces of bread of the same size. They sprinkled different amount of water on the bread as shown in Diagram 3. Sekumpulan murid menjalankan penyiasatan ke atas tiga keping roti yang sama saiz. Mereka merenjis ke atas roti dengan jumlah air yang berbeza seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 3 di bawah.

Bread K Roti K
Sprinkled with one teaspoon of water Direnjis dengan satu sudu air

Bread L Roti L
Sprinkled with three teaspoon of water Direnjis dengan tiga sudu air Diagram 3

Bread M Roti M
Sprinkled with six teaspoon of water Direnjis dengan enam sudu air

The condition of the bread after three days is shown in Table 4. Kedaan roti selepas tiga hari ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 4. Bread Roti Number of mould spots Bilangan tompokan kulat
Table 4

K 3

L 6

M 15

(a).

In this investigation, Dalam penyiasatan ini,

i. ii. (b).

what is changed : ________________________________________________ dimanipulasikan what is observed : ________________________________________________ bergerak balas

What can you conclude from the investigation ? Apakah kesimpulan daripada penyiasatan ini ? When the _____________________________________ increases / decreases, the _____________________________________________ increases / decreases. Apabila ______________________________________ bertambah / berkurang, maka

MV RV
7.

____________________________________________ bertambah / berkurang. : Number of owls (Increases) Bilangan burung hantu (Bertambah)

: Number of rats (Decreases)

Bilangan tikus (Berkurang) Aimiliyana carried out an investigation to find out the relationship between sources of food and the number of consumers. The investigation involved rats and owls in a paddy field. The investigation took 4 weeks. Amiliyana menjalankan penyiasatan untuk mencari hubungan di antara sumber makanan dan bilangan pengguna.Penyiasatan ini melibatkan tikus dan burung hantu di kawasan sawah padi.Penyiasatan ini mengambil masa selama 4 minggu.

Diagram 4 The observations were recorded in the following table. Penyiasatan direkodkan dalam jadual di bawah. Week Minggu Number of owl Bilangan burung hantu Number of rat Bilangan tikus (a) 1 5 35
Table 5

2 7 28

3 9 22

4 11 17

State two things that are observed in the investigation. Nyatakan dua perkara yang diperhatikan dalam penyiasatan ini.

_____________________________________________________________________ (b) State the pattern of the change in the number of rat.. Nyatakan corak perubahan pada bilangan tikus. _____________________________________________________________________ (c). State the relationship between the things that you have mentioned in (a). Nyatakan hubungan di antara dua perkara yang telah kamu nyatakan di (a). If the ______________________________ increases / decreases, the ____________ ________________________________ increases / decreases. Jika _______________________________ bertambah / berkurang, maka _________ (d) ___________________________________ bertambah / berkurang. Predict the number of rat in week 5 Ramalkan bilangan tikus pada minggu kelima. _____________________________________________________________________