Series

THE EASIEST WAY TO LEARN ENGLISH GRAMMAR

ACTIVE & PASSIVE VOICE

FOR B.Com, B.A, B.Sc, ICMAP, ICAP, APTITUDE TEST, AND ADVANCED LEARNERS

ZEESHAN MATEEN

THE EASIEST WAY TO LEARN ENGLISH GRAMMAR BY ZEESHAN MATEEN

PREFACE
This book is more practical than theoretical. Correct uses of active & passive voice have been explained with examples and detailed interpretation. This book is for those students, who think voice a difficult task to understand and face difficulty in writing English correctly. This book is very useful for preparing for examination. The easiest way has been adopted to make grammar understand. Everyone will find this book useful in enhancing grammatical skills and using this book will be very helpful in speaking and writing English correctly. The aim of writing this book is to share English grammar knowledge. The common mistakes, which are made by the students at the time of speaking and writing English, have been explained in detail. This book has been divided into two parts. The first part consists of correct uses of active & passive voice and the second part is related to exercises of voice. This book is equally useful for aptitude test, advanced learners of English language and everyone.

Dedicated To My Beloved Parents

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or trasmitted in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording without the permission of the author.

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ACTIVE & PASSIVE VOICE

Voice: Voice is that form of the verb, which shows whether the subject of the sentence acts or is acted upon; in other words, whether the subject of the sentence is the doer or the receiver of the action expressed by the verb. Active Voice: When we want the doer to be the subject, the verb is said to be in the active voice. Passive Voice: When we want the receiver of the action to be the subject, the verb is said to be in the passive voice. Principal Verb: A verb, which expresses a meaning of its own is called a principal verb. Principal verbs are of two kinds: 1. Transitive 2. Intransitive Transitive Verb: A verb is said to be used transitively when it indicates an action, which passes over to an object; in other words transitive verb is one that can have an object. For instance: He kicked the ball. Intransitive Verb: A verb is said to be used intransitively when it indicates an action, which does not pass over to an object. Since intransitive verb has no object, it cannot be used in passive voice. For instance: Water boils. Reflexive Verb: Transitive verbs are sometimes used in such a way that grammatical subject and object denote the same thing, such verbs are said to be used reflexively; in other words the action bends or turns upon the doer. For instance: He killed himself

Direct & Indirect Object: Most transitive verbs take one object after them. Some transitive verbs take two objects after them. One of these objects is usually the name of something is known as direct object, while the other is usually the name of a person or animal and is known as indirect object. The indirect object comes before the direct object. When the indirect object is used after the direct object, the indirect object must be governed by a preposition. For instance: He asked the teacher a question. Indirect object Direct object

He offered a chair to the visitor. Direct object Indirect object

Active To Passive Voice: The object of a verb in the active voice becomes the subject of that verb in the passive voice and we use tenses of the auxiliary be followed by the past participle. Use Of Passive Voice: The passive voice is used, when we wish to emphasize a thing done or when the doer is unknown (when we are not interested in saying who or what does/did it). For instance: My book has been stolen is much more usual than A thief has stolen my book.

Use Of By: In a passive voice sentence the agent or doer of the action is not usually mentioned, when the agent is mentioned; it is preceded by By. For instance: This house was built in 1970. This house was built in 1970 by my grandfather.

Problems
Problem #1: Verbs used reflexively cannot be used in the passive voice. For instance: She killed herself. She was killed by herself. (Correct) (Incorrect)

Problem #2: When the agent is not expressed in the passive voice, it must be supplied in the active voice. For instance: A promise should be kept. One should keep ones promise. My mobile phone has been stolen. Someone has stolen my mobile phone. (Passive Voice) (Active Voice) (Passive voice) (Active voice)

Problem #3: This problem is related to the passive voice of two objects that is direct and indirect object. There are a few verbs, which take the direct object after them and then indirect object after preposition. Active Voice Structure: Verb + Direct object + Preposition + Indirect object

If we make passive voice, we will use only direct object as the subject of the passive voice. For instance: Someone has explained the problem to Abdullah. The problem has been explained to Abdullah. Abdullah has been explained the problem. We threw eggs at them. Eggs were thrown at them. They were thrown eggs at. (Active voice) (Passive voice) (Passive voice) (Active voice) (Passive voice) (Passive voice)

(Correct) (Incorrect)

(Correct) (Incorrect)

Problem #4: Possessive pronouns cannot become the subject of the passive voice. For instance: He broke my bike. My bike was broken. I was bike broken. I damaged her car. Her car was damaged. She was car damaged. (Active voice) (Passive voice) (Passive voice) (Active voice) (Passive voice) (Passive voice)

(Correct) (Incorrect)

(Correct) (Incorrect)

Problem #5: When we make passive voice, the preposition cannot be dropped. For instance: Someone listens to him. He is listened to. He is listened. (Active voice) (Passive voice) (Passive voice)

(Correct) (Incorrect)

Problem #6: In active voice structures (see/make) these verbs are used Object + Infinitive without to and in passive voice structures to-infinitives are used. For Instance: We saw them come out of the class. They were seen to come out of the class. (Active voice) (Passive voice)

PASSIVE VOICE STRUCTURES

Present Indefinite Active voice Passive voice Present Perfect Active voice Passive voice Past Perfect Active voice Passive voice Future Perfect Active voice Passive voice

Structure Sub +V1 + Obj Obj + is/am/are + V3 Structure Sub + has/have + V3 + Obj Obj + has/have + been +V3 Strcuture Sub + had + V3 + Obj Obj + had + been + V3 Structure Sub + will have + V3 + Obj Obj + will have + been + V3

Present Continuous Active voice Passive Voice Past Indefinite Active Voice Passive Voice Past Continuous Active voice Passive voice Future Indefinite Active voice Passive voice

Strcuture Sub + is/am/are +V4+ Obj Obj + is/am/are + being + V3 Structure Sub + V2 + Obj Obj + was/were + V3 Structure Sub + was/were + V4 + Obj Obj + was/were + being + V3 Structure Sub + will + V1 + Obj Obj + will + be + V3

Cases
Be Going To Modal & Auxiliary Past Passive Form Passive Of Two Objects

Structures Active Voice Sub + is/am/are + going to + V1 + Obj Sub + can/could/may/has to + V1 Sub + should/must + have + V3 + Obj Sub + H.V + V + Indirect Obj + Direct Obj Sub + H.V + V + Direct Obj + Preposition + Indirect Obj V1 + Obj Who + H.V + V + Obj? Sub + H.V + V + Preposition + Obj Sub + H.V + V + Infinitive + Obj Passive Voice Obj + is/am/are + going to + be + V3 Obj + can/could/may/has to + be + V3 Obj + should/must + have + been + V3 Direct Obj + H.V + be/being/been + V3 + Preposition + Indirect Obj Indirect Obj + H.V + be/being/been + V3 + Direct Obj Let + Obj + be + V3 By whom + H.V + Obj + be/being been + V3? Obj + H.V + be/being/been + V3 + Preposition It + H.V + be/being/been + V3 + Infinitive + Obj

Imeprative Sentences Whom Verbs With Prepositions Infinitive Objects

EXERCISES OF ACTIVE & PASSIVE VOICE

Exercise of Present Indefinite He plays cricket daily. Cricket is played daily. Students don't read the magazines in the library. Magazines are not read in the library. Is football played here? Does anyone play football here? Exercise of Present Perfect I have informed him. He has been informed. A car has been given to him by me. I have given a car to him. I have explained the situation to him. The situation has been explained to him. Exercise of Past Continuous A student was studying books. Books were being studied. The door was being opened by Abdullah. Abdullah was opening the door. He was not closing the door. The door was not being closed. Exercise of Future Indefinite Your tricks will not fool me. I will not be fooled by your tricks. Areeb will break the cup. The cup will be broken by Areeb.

Exercise of Present Continuous Everyone is riding the bikes. The bikes are being ridden. No one is operating computer. Computer is not being operated. He is being listened to. Someone is listening to him. Exercise of Past Indefinite Saif told the stories. The stories were told. Someone broke the mirror. The mirror was broken. The books were sold in the market by them. They sold the books in the market. Exercise of Past Perfect My mother had helped me. I had been helped by my mother. The books had been written by him. He has written the books. The police had arrested him. He had been arrested. Exercise of Future Perfect The mechanic will have repaired the bike. The bike will have been repaired. The birds will have been shot by them. They will have shot the birds.

Exercise of Two Objects He told me a story I was tolad a story by him. A story was told me by him. He will lend me a book. I will be lent a book. A book will be lent me.

Exercise of Imperative Sentences Open the window. Let the window be opened. Let the guitar be played. Play the guitar. Don't smoke the cigarettes in the office. You are ordered not to smoke the cigarettes in the office. Exercise of Verbs with Prepositions Someone is listening to the songs. The songs are being listened to. Everyone has looked at the plan. The plan has been looked at.

Exercise of Whom Who broke the window? By whom was the window broken? Who teaches English here? By whom is English taught here? Who told you? By whom were you told? Exercise of Infinitive Objects We decided to meet in the evening. It was decided to meet in the evening. Are you planning to marry next year? Is it being planned to marry next year?

Exercise of Going To I am going to help him. He is going to be helped by me. The teacher is going to explain the lesson to us. The lesson is going to be explained to us by the teacher. Exercise of Modals & Auxiliary The police should have arrested them. They should have been arrested. He must have told everyone in the class. Everyone must have been told in the class.

Exercise of Modal & Auxiliary Adeefa can speak Urdu and English. Urdu and English can be spoken by Adeefa. Mechanic has to repair my bike. My bike has to be repaired.

EXERCISES OF ACTIVE & PASSIVE VOICE

Exercise #1 Chnge the voice. 1. He is writing an essay. 2. Shekespeare wrote that play. 3. The farmers wagon was being pulled by two horses. 4. The teacher is going to give a lecture. 5. She has suggested a new idea. 6. Customers are served by waiters. 7. Azan is preparing that report. 8. My father is building the house. 9. He has been tortured. 10. Abudllah will invite him. 11. Saif has returned the book to the library. 12. The song was sung by me. 13. The president will have made the announcement. 14. He has done his job. 15. She has informed everyone. Exercise #2 Change the voice. 1. Nothing has been shared by us. 2. I made him write a letter. 3. A promise should be kept. 4. He decided to go there. 5. You are requested to offer five times prayer. 6. The kashmiries are being attacked by indian army. 7. Is she washing the clothes? 8. He has been installed as a manager by the CEO. 9. They will be beaten in the street. 10. He must have broken the doors. 11. Who told you? 12. They have been abducted yesterday. 13. She taught that lesson. 14. I was informed by her. 15. He doesnt play cricket.

Exercise #3 Change the active to passive if possible. 1. His cat died two months ago. 2. Noman dropped the cup. 3. A hurricane destroyed the small village. 4. A strange thing happend yesterday. 5. Dinosaurs existed millions years ago. 6. The children seemed happy when they went to zoo. 7. Ronaldinio scored the winning goal. 8. One of the students always erased the white board. 9. Who developed that theory? 10. It is raining in karachi. 11. He was walking to the river. 12. The manager interviewed me. 13. She will go to school tomorrow. 14. The birds fly in the air. 15. The pilot flies the plane. Note: In exercise #3 the sentences 1, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 13 and 14 cannot be changed because these are intransitive verbs.