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ACAB software upgrade

ACAB Inventory code for nuclear applications: User's Manual V. 2008

Javier Sanz(1, 2), Oscar Cabellos(2,3), Nuria Garca-Herranz(2,3)

December 2008

Permanent Address: Departamento de Ingeniera Energtica E.T.S. Ingenieros Industriales, UNED C/ Juan del Rosal 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain Also member of: Instituto de Fusin Nuclear Universidad Politcnica de Madrid (UPM) C/ Jos Gutirrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain Permanent Address: Departamento de Ingeniera Nuclear E.T.S. Ingenieros Industriales de Madrid, Universidad Politcnica de Madrid C/ Jos Gutirrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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ACAB Software upgrade ACAB. Inventory code for nuclear applications: User's Manual V.2008 J. Sanz, O. Cabellos, N. Garca-Herranz Summary of the contents This report presents the users manual of the updated ACAB code. It starts with a general summary of the major features of ACAB (Section I), highlighting the capabilities included in the present version. After that, the report is divided in sections structured as follows: i) Firstly, we address the issue of the nuclear data libraries selected as starting point in preparing the libraries to be used directly by ACAB. Section II describes the main features of the selected libraries. Secondly, the points considered are processing of libraries and libraries adapted to be directly read by ACAB. The processing activities are made by two codes: COLLAPS and PROCDECAY. In Section III we provide an overall description of such codes. The content of the data libraries employed by the updated ACAB code is described in Section IV. Thirdly, the input data file for driving ACAB calculations is dealt with in Section V. Main features are the ability to compute inventory-related quantities and assess uncertainties on the calculations. In order to handle the uncertainty output in a friendly way, a post-processing code named PROCACAB is described. Some example problems are discussed in Section VI, addressing scenarios of IFE conceptual reactors, fusion experimental facilities (NIF), fission applications, etc. Finally, regarding analysis of activation/transmutation results, one of the elements considered in the ACAB system to perform this task is described in Section VII: the updated version of the CHAINS code, aimed to provide possible pathways for the formation of particular nuclides.

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iii)

iv)

CONTENTS

Page
I.-

Major features of ACAB ............................................................................. 1 Selection of nuclear data libraries ........................................................... 11 II.1.- Nuclear data libraries selected as starting point ......................... 12 A.- Activation neutron cross section basic library: EAF_N_GXS-2007......................................................................... 12 B.- Decay data basic library: EAF_DEC-2007 ................................... 14 C.- Fission yield data basic library: EAF_N_FIS-2007..................... 14 D.- Cross section uncertainty data basic library: EAF_UN-2007 ............................................................................... 15 E.- Proton and Deuteron-induced cross section basic libraries: EAF_P_XS-2007 and EAF_D_XS-2007....................................... 17 II.2. Other nuclear data basic libraries.................................................... 17 A.- Activation cross section basic library FENDL/A-2.0 ............... 17 B.- Decay data basic library FENDL/D-2.0 ...................................... 20 C.- Fission yield data basic library JEF-2.2........................................ 21 D.- Cross section uncertainty data basic library FENDL UN/A-2.0 ........................................................................ 23

II.-

III.- Processing codes........................................................................................ 25 III.1.- Processing code COLLAPS............................................................ 25 III.2.- Processing code PROCDECAY..................................................... 39 IV.- Data libraries for ACAB and running ACAB........................................ 41 V.Input Description ...................................................................................... 61 A.- Block # 1 .......................................................................................... 62 B.- Block # 2 ........................................................................................... 66 C.- Block # 3........................................................................................... 69

D.- Block # 4 .......................................................................................... 71 E.- Block # 5 ........................................................................................... 72 F.- Block # 6 ........................................................................................... 73 G.- Block # 7/8 ...................................................................................... 74 H.- Block # 9 .......................................................................................... 77 I.- Block # 10 .......................................................................................... 78 J.- Block # 11 .......................................................................................... 79 K.- Block # 12......................................................................................... 87 L.- Block # 13 ......................................................................................... 92 M.- Block # 14........................................................................................ 95 N.- Post-processing code PROCACAB.............................................. 97 VI.- Example problems..................................................................................... 99 A.- National Ignition Facility (NIF) target chamber........................ 99 B.- Fission products ............................................................................ 110 C.- Pulse irradiation scenarios. Restart options ............................. 111 D.- Activation of target debris in NIF-type facilities. Feeding capability ...................................................................................... 117 E.- Activation of blanket in Magnetic Fusion Energy ................... 133 F.- Transmutation and damage behaviour of materials irradiated in IFMIF...................................................................... 135 G.- Activation induced by a proton beam ...................................... 143 H.- Proton-induced thick-target radionuclide activation ............. 151 VII.- Pathway analysis. CHAINS code .......................................................... 155 VIII.- References................................................................................................ 165

II

LIST OF TABLES
Page Table I.1. Capabilities of ACAB included in the current version ..................... 8 Table II.1. Reaction types included in EAF-2007. .............................................. 12 Table II.2. Sources for the cross section data included in EAF-2007 ............... 13 Table II.3. Fissionable nuclides with fission product yield data in EAF_N_FIS-2007 ................................................................................. 15 Table II.4. Reaction types included in FENDL/A-2.0. ...................................... 18 Table II.5. Sources for the cross-section data included in FENDL/A-2.0. ..... 19 Table II.6. Sources for the cross sections data of the important reaction sublibrary of FENDL/A-2.0. .............................................................. 19 Table II.7. FENDL/D-2.0: Modes of decay and number of ground state and isomeric state daughters produced in each mode........................... 20 Table II.8. Sources for neutron-induced fission products yields in JEF-2.2.. . 21 Table III.1. Energy group boundaries for the Vitamin-J 175-group structure. ............................................................................................. 36 Table III.2. Energy group boundaries for GAM-II 100-group structure ........ 37 Table III.3. Energy group boundaries for TART 175-group structure............ 38 Table IV.1. Distances (radii) from release point considered in the offsite dose library. Also radial intervals for ACAB calculations of collective dose, early fatalities, and cancer fatalities, are listed ...................... 56 Table V.1. Type of tables that are output by ACAB .......................................... 68 Table VI.1. Example ACAB output. Isotopic masses. ..................................... 104 Table VI.2. Example ACAB output. Radionuclide activities.......................... 105 Table VI.3. Example ACAB output. Decay heat .............................................. 106 Table VI.4. Example ACAB output. Contact -ray dose rate ......................... 107

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Table VI.5. Example ACAB output. Contact Bremsstrahlung dose rate. ..... 108 Table VI.6. Example ACAB output. Calculated -ray spectrum.................... 109 Table VI.7. Annual number of D-T experiments in NIF ................................. 117 Table VI.8. Assumed D-T shots in the 67-pulse series for calculation purposes ......................................................................... 118 Table VI.9. Time steps for cooling between shots............................................ 118 Table VI.10. Description of the 67-shots series................................................ 118

IV

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure I.1. Relative locations of products from the main nuclear reactions, with exception of fission, that are considered by ACAB. ................ 7 Figure III.1. COLLAPS flowchart. ........................................................................ 35 Figure III.2. PROCDECAY flowchart. ................................................................. 39 Figure IV.1. ACAB flowchart for inventory calculations.................................. 42 Figure IV.2. ACAB flowchart for inventory and response function calculations............................................................................................ 43 Figure V.1. Definition of the concept of "unit of time sets"............................... 86 Figure VI.1. Proton and neutron flux spectrum computed by PHITS code.......................................................................................... 143 Figure VI.2. Yield distribution computed by PHITS code .............................. 149

VI

I. Major features of ACAB


Methodology The ACAB code is a computer program designed to perform activation and transmutation calculations for nuclear applications. The main computational algorithm is based on that of the ORIGEN[Croff, 1980] code, and the program structure is based on that of the ACFA[Brockmann et al., 1983] code. ACAB is able to perform space-dependent inventory calculations allowing for a very flexible geometry and neutron flux description. The code solves the general nuclear transmutation chains for multidimensional neutron flux distributions. One- and two-dimensional multigroup neutron fluxes generated by discrete ordinates transport codes can be used. In addition, ACAB can use threedimensional neutron fluxes generated by Monte Carlo neutron transport codes allowing inventory calculations to be performed for complex geometries. The multigroup neutron fluxes may be given in an arbitrary group structure. ACAB considers decay transitions that proceed from the ground, first, and second isomeric states. All the neutron reactions that may occur in the different components of a nuclear facility are treated in the code. Each of the neutron reactions may proceed from a target atom in the ground, first or second isomeric state and result in a product that is in the ground, first or second isomeric state. The previous ACAB version[Sanz, 2000] could deal with all the reactions occurring at energies ranging from the thermal region to 20 MeV. To predict the transmutation calculations with neutron energies above 20 MeV (e.g. IFMIF), the ACAB code has been updated[Cabellos et al., 2007a]. Most of the applications of ACAB have addressed so far neutron activation problems for neutron scenarios corresponding to different kind of nuclear systems. For all the elements (including actinides), all the nuclear processes (including fission) and all the corresponding reaction products (including fission products) are considered in the inventory calculations. In dealing with fissionable nuclides, the associated fission yields included in the basic cross section library are used. Explicit information for independent yields coming from 19 fissionable nuclides is currently available[JEF/Report-21, 2006]. Fission yields for around 1696 nuclides can be managed. In Figure I.1 we show the relative locations of products from the main nuclear neutron induced reactions, with exception of fission, that are considered by ACAB. ACABs primary result is isotopic concentrations as a function of time for each spatial interval and/or zone defined in the system. From the isotopic concentrations, ACAB is able to generate radionuclide activities, afterheat (total

and contributions from the different types of radiation), decay gamma spectra, contact dose rates, waste disposal ratings, offsite doses to the most exposed individual, as well as collective doses and associated consequences, radiotoxicity (committed effective dose equivalent by inhalation and ingestion) and neutron emission. Other quantities that depend upon isotopic concentrations and/or radionuclide activity can easily be added to ACAB. The subject of damage/transmutation calculations has been covered in this version. In the primary damage assessment of irradiated materials we have to predict displacements per atom (dpa) and gas production rates during the irradiation time. These quantities are needed for qualifying the material behaviour of some candidate structural materials for Magnetic and Inertial Fusion Energy. ACAB predicts the H- and He- production by nuclear reactions (n,xH) or (n,xHe) on all nuclei. In addition, ACAB provides the generation/depletion of transmutants and the dpa rates. Therefore, ACAB can predict the evolution of the dpa magnitude during the irradiation time. In order to predict the number of dpas, a multigroup damage library is required to be collapsed with the neutron flux spectra. In addition to the calculational facilities, ACAB also performs analysis of the activation results. Critical radionuclides are identified and pathways contributing to their production are evaluated. We have developed a methodology to compute uncertainties on inventory calculations. A computational method has been implemented in ACAB to assess the impact of activation cross sections uncertainties on inventory-related quantities. The method is based on the application of the Monte Carlo technique, and allows dealing efficiently with the synergic/global effect of the uncertainties of the total set of cross sections to obtain the overall uncertainty on the radiological calculations. This uncertainty analyses approach complements a former one based on the first order Taylor series[Sanz et al., 1996] [Sanz et al., 1998a]. This one was found it very practical in obtaining uncertainty indices on the production of nuclides associated to each of the reaction cross sections, ant to rank the cross sections introducing the largest uncertainties in their production, yet missing to deal with overall uncertainty provided by the Monte Carlo-based approach. The two proposed methods are complementary and allow dealing with the uncertainty problem in a comprehensive way. Monte Carlo calculations will provide the overall uncertainty on the radiological calculations, while the first order Taylor approach will allow analyzing the Monte Carlo results, given the contribution to the total uncertainty in the activation response coming from the uncertainty in each cross section.

ACAB is also able to deal with induced activation due to an external source of charged particles and/or photons. ACAB calculates the corresponding transition matrix coefficients for induced charged particle/photon reactions by using adequated charged particle/photon cross section libraries. Applications of ACAB to photon activation problems have not been done yet. For applications to charged particle-induced reactions, the available activation cros sections have been used (mainly for p and D, see Table I.1); for the others (T, He3, ) we have used activation libraries generated from dedicated nuclear model codes (see Table I.1). Some of the possible reactions with charged particles are shown in Fig. I.1 to compare relative location of products generated from neutron and some different kind of charged particle reactions. The sequential charged particle (SCP) process is implemented in ACAB to predict the neutron source from alfa reactions. The complete computer module for dealing with SCP reactions, not only for alfa, in order to compute the inventory from other light charged particles (He3, p, D, T), will be implemented in the next version.

Applications ACAB has the ability to simulate realistic operational scenarios of very different nuclear systems: inertial fusion, magnetic fusion, accelerator driven systems, fission reactors, In particular, ACAB provides an accurate and efficient modeling of the pulsed schedule for inertial fusion experimental facilities, such as the National Ignition Facility, NIF[Latkowski, 1999] [Latkowski and Sanz, 1999] [Sanz et al., 2001] [Sanz et al., 2002]. Complex irradiation/cooling history can be easily represented by a series of irradiation/cooling periods, defined as a unit, which can be repeated a specified number of times and followed by distinct irradiation and cooling periods. These features together with the restart options lately included in the code allow modeling of any arbitrary irradiation/cooling scenario. The flexibility in modeling complicated irradiation/cooling operational scenarios has allowed ACAB to analyze if a continuous-pulsed (CP) approach could be and accurate and practical method for calculating neutron-activation under the pulsed irradiation regimes of Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) power plants[Sanz et al., 1999a]. This model assumes a continuous irradiation period followed by a series of pulses prior to shutdown, and the total fluence and operation time is conserved. We have investigated the number of pulses needed to predict accurately the activation for some components of the IFE HYLIFE-II reactor. The CP method has been found it very valuable, since only a few number of pulsed are needed to obtain an acceptable solution.

Some capabilities have been included allowing for instantaneous feed of materials into a system. As a result, ACAB is able to deal with scenarios in which materials are intermittently irradiated, and material is fed instantaneously and/or continuously (feature already included in a former version) into the system. These capabilities have been shown to be very useful to study the activation of target debris in inertial experimental facilities similar to NIF, since the problem can be accurately modeled under a pulsed irradiation and instantaneous feed scenario[Sanz et al., 1999b]. The problem of activation of target materials has been explored. In IFE, in addition to pulsed activation of the materials of the different components of the fusion facility, it is also necessary to model the activation of target debris. The importance of this radioactivity source, especially for hohlraum targets, is an important question to be adressed. We have proceed in calculations aimed firstly to NIF-type experimental facilities[Sanz et al., 1999b] and to HYLIFE-II-type IFE power plants[Balmisa et al., 1998, Latkowski et al., 2001]. The capabilities needed for a complete and accurate modeling of these kinds of scenarios -with arbitrary irradiation/cooling history and feed/extraction processes is developed and implemented in the ACAB code. The performance capability of ACAB has been benchmarked against other codes as well as against experiment[Cheng et al., 1993] [Belian et al., 1998]. Regarding code comparison exercises, it is worth mentioning the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Second International Activation Calculation Benchmark Comparison Study[Cheng et al., 1993]. The IAEA Benchmark was based on four criteria: (a) ability to read standard libraries (cross sections GAM-II or Vitamin-J group structures); (b) accurate (to within about 5%) calculation of quantities of isotopes in multistep pathways; (c) ability to calculate light nuclide (H and He isotopes) production; and (d) ability to treat isomeric states present in the libraries. Out of eleven worldwide codes participants of the study, ACAB was one of the only two codes that was able to satisfy all four criteria, and was assessed as suitable and satisfactory for detailed fusion calculations. Regarding experiment validation, the code has been benchmarked against experiment using the Rotating Neutron Source (RTNS) for concrete activation studies, with excellent results[Belian et al., 1998]. The potential of ACAB for the IFE applications has been proved in a significant number of studies. It can be mentioned (in addition to those carried out by different members of the Instituto de Fusion Nuclear), the applications performed by the Department of Nuclear Engineering at the University of California, Berkeley[Balmisa et al., 1998]; the activation assessments of the conceptual reactor KOYO, proposed by the Institute of Laser Engineering (ILE) at the University of Osaka[Nakai et al., 1996] [Perlado et al., 1996]; and particularly, the applications for IFE[Latkowski et al., 1999a, 1999b] [Reyes et al., 1999] and NIF[Latkowski, 1999] [Latkowski and Sanz, 1999]

performed by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. This Laboratory partially supported the maintenance and development of ACAB during 1995-2003. Currently, in the frame of the project HiPER: European High Power laser Energy Research Facility, ACAB is being used as reference code for activation analysis in the chamber design. The capability of ACAB to compute uncertainties on activation calculations due to cross section uncertainties has been applied to the activation assessment of the NIF test facility [Sanz et al., 2003] and different IFE power plants (thick-liquid-wall chamber and dry wall chamber) [Sanz et al., 1996] [Cabellos et al., 2003; 2006b] [Garca-Herranz et al., 2006] [Reyes et al., 2006a]. In particular, a comprehensive waste management assessment of all the different types of steels as potential structural material for the HYLIFE-II concept has been perfomed [Sanz et al., 2005] [Cabellos et al., 2006a]. A compilation of the main safety and environmental analysis performed for fusion facilities can be found in references [Latkowski et al., 2002; 2003], [Sanz et al., 2006]. Although we have mainly focused to applications in IFE concepts, some applications have been performed in MFE concepts as well [Cabellos et al., 2006c], [Cabellos et al., 2008]. Even if ACAB was primarily applied to fusion reactors, it can also be succesfully applied to very different nuclear systems. Our computational tool has demonstrated to deal with the activation/transmutation issues of the intense neutron source facility IFMIF (International Fusion Material Irradiation Facility), where the numerous reaction channels for neutron energies over 20 MeV have to be handle [Cabellos et al., 2007b] [Rapisarda et al., 2008]. More recently, ACAB is being used to explore the problem of activation of materials in different accelerator projects. One of the most critical challenges in the design of the Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA), involving heavy element ion beams, is the beam dump design. The problem of activation of beam dump components has been assessed with the ACAB code [Reyes et al., 2006b]. Activation evaluations are currently in progress in the Engineering Validation and Engineering Design Activities (EVEDA) phase of the IFMIF project. It should result in an accelerator prototype for which the analysis of the dose rates evolution during the beam-off phase is a necessary task for radioprotection and maintenance feasibility purposes. In the frame of this project some efforts has been done to predict residual dose rates associated to the radioactive inventory and the corresponding decay photon source in accelerating elements [Sanz et al., 2008, Garcia et al., 2008] and beam dump [Sanz et al., 2009], [Braas et al., 2008]. Also, in the current definition phase of the project TECHNOFUSION: The Spanish National Centre for Fusion Technologies, the ACAB code is being used addressing the activation problems associated to the use of the set of three accelerators proposed to simulate neutron irradiation damage

ACAB has been successfully applied to compute the transmutation/evolution of the isotopic inventory and associated fuel cycle parameters in different Accelerator Driven System (ADS) transmuters [Cabellos et al., 2005] [Sanz et al., 2007b]. The applicability of the code to deal with ADS systems has extensively been proved within the frame of the EU Integrated Project EUROTRANS[EUROTRANS, 2005]. The performance of different methodologies to address uncertainty estimations was also analysed in detail in the frame of this project [Sanz et al., 2006, 2007a][Garca-Herranz et al., 2008]. The potential of ACAB for fission reactor applications has been proved in different comparison exercises. To deal with burnup problems, ACAB was coupled to a Monte Carlo neutron transport code. The full system was succesfully applied to: a UO2 pin-cell benchmark[Garca-Herranz et al., 2005], an ATRIUM-10XP design BWR fuel assembly[Ortego et al., 2006], a high temperature gas-cooled reactor plutonium burnup benchmark[Garca-Herranz et al., 2008], demonstrating to be reliable to compute accurate isotopic inventory. Table I.1 gives a description of the major new capabilities included in the present version of ACAB, which enhance significantly the former versions (ACAB -1.0[Sanz et al., 1992], ACAB -2.0[Sanz et al., 1995] ACAB -3.0[Sanz et al., 1998] , ACAB -4.0[Sanz, 1999] and ACAB -5.0[Sanz et al., 2000]). The code is written in standard FORTRAN 77, and runs on Unix workstations, PC Windows and linux-based PC. This updated ACAB version is fully portable to all computers.

Z+2

( He,n)

(,n)

Z+1

(p,n) (d,2n)

(d,n) (t,2n) Original Nucleus (n,n) (n,d) (n,np)

(t,n)

Atomic Number

(n,4n)

(n,3n)

(n,2n)

(n,)

Z-1

(n,nt)

(n,2np) (n,t) (n,nd) (n,) 3 (n,n He)

(n,p)

Z-2

(n,2n)

(n,n)

(n, He)

(n,2p)

Z-3

Z-4

(n,n2)

(n,2)

N-4

N-3

N-2

N-1

N+1

Neutron Number
Figure I.1. Relative locations of products from the main neutron nuclear reactions, with exception of fission, that are considered by ACAB. Also relative locations of products from some charged-particle induced reactions are shown as an example.

Note: ACAB considers all the neutron reaction types included in the used activation neutron cross-section library. The target can be an atom in the ground, first or second isomeric state. Neutron reactions may result in a product that is in the ground, first or second isomeric state.
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Table I.1. Capabilities of ACAB included in the current version 1.- Geometry and flux description - Space-dependent inventory calculations for multigroup scalar neutron fluxes are possible. - Induced activation due to an external source of charged particles and/or photons is also possible. - Coupling to 1 and 2D discrete ordinates transport codes is possible. - Coupling to Monte Carlo transport code such as TART and MCNP is possible. The TARTREAD [Latkowski, 1995] code has been designed to read a TART[Cullen, 1998] output and create usable ACAB input files. The coupling MCNP-ACAB has also been perfomed [Garca-Herranz, 2008a]. 2.- Operational scenario 2.1.- Irradiation/cooling history - Irradiation period with constant flux (steady-state operation) and subsequent cooling period is allowed. - Modeling of pulsed irradiation is possible. A series of pulses with different on and off time (that is, with different width and dwell time), and flux level can be accommodated. - A series of pulses can be repeated a specified number of times and may be followed by an additional irradiation/cooling period. - The above-mentioned capabilities together with the restart options, allow modeling of any arbitrary irradiation/cooling scenario, and easy definition of complicated irradiation/cooling histories. 2.2.- Feed of materials into the system - Continuous feed in specified intervals within the total operational period. - Instantaneous feed at specified times within the total operational period. Consequently, we can deal with scenarios in which materials are intermittently irradiated, and material is fed continuously and/or instantaneously into the system.

3.- Nuclear processes - Basically all the decay transitions are considered. Parents and daughters can be in ground, first, and second isomeric states. - All the kinematically allowed neutron, deuteron and proton reactions included in the corresponding cross-section libraries are considered for each target isotope. Target and daughter can be in ground, first, and second isomeric states. - Generation of fission products. 4.- Decay photons Photons produced from ground state, first and second isomers. 5.- Basic nuclear data libraries - Neutron activation cross section library from EAF_N-2007. - Charged-particles (D and p) activation cross section libraries from EAF_D and EAF_P-2007. - Other charged-particles activation libraries (T, He3, He4) from dedicated nuclear model codes (TALYS 1.0 [Koning et al., 2008]). - Decay data library from EAF_DEC-2007. - Fission yield data from EAF_N_FIS-2007. - Cross-section uncertainty data library from EAF_UN-2007. 6.- Processing/collapsing of cross section libraries (COLLAPS code) - The COLLAPS code, a module of the ACAB package, can condense multigroup cross section libraries down to a single group. - The cross section libraries to be collapsed must be in EAF (European Activation File) format. - The program is able to handle cross section libraries in the standard GAM-II(100), Vitamin-J(175), Vitamin-J+(211), and TART-175 and TART-566 group structures. - The neutron flux used to produce the 1-group energy-averaged cross sections may be input in an arbitrary group structure. - COLLAPS produces weighted fission product yield and weighted fission yield cross section libraries. - The fission yield data library to be collapsed must be in ENDF-6 format (this format is that of the used fission yield libraries). - COLLAPS produces weigthed cross section uncertainty data. - COLLAPS produces weigthed cross section damage data. - In general, COLLAPS can create a pseudo cross section library according with the weighting function provided by the user.

7.- Contact gamma dose rate and other inventory-related quantities - Dose rate from a semi-infinite slab of material may be calculated. - Dose rate from a thin layer of material may be calculated. - Analyses of dose rate production have been added including highenergy Bremsstrahlung contributions. - Afterheat: total and contributions from the different types of radiation. - Waste disposal ratings. - Commitment effective dose equivalent by ingestion and inhalation. - Neutron emission by (alpha,n) and spontaneous fission. - DPA rate. 8.- Offsite doses and consequences - Offsite dose to the red bone marrow, lung and gastrointestinal tract of the most exposed individual. Early fatalities. - Effective dose equivalent to the most exposed individual. Collective dose and cancer fatalities in different release, exposure, and relocation scenarios. 9.- Pathway analysis (CHAINS code) - The CHAINS code, other module of the ACAB package, performs computational pathway analyses. - Pathways for the formation of a particular nuclide that require up to a specified number of steps are ranked according to their estimated importance to the total production of the nuclide. - Pathways that result in the formation of a particular nuclide with a maximum number of steps in the chain (no initial nuclide is specified). - Pathways starting from a specified parent nuclide that result in a specified daughter nuclide. - All the nuclear processes implemented in ACAB are considered. 10.- Uncertainties on activation calculations - Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis. - Uncertainty analysis based on sensitivity analysis is no included in this version. 11.- Computer platforms - ACAB is written in standard FORTRAN 77, and runs on Unix workstations, PC Windows and linux-based PC. - This uptaded ACAB version is fully portable to all computers.

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II. Selection of nuclear data libraries


The nuclear data basic libraries required as starting point to prepare those directly used by ACAB for inventory calculations are the following: A multigroup activation neutron cross-section basic library, obtained from FENDL/A-2.0[Paschenko et al., 1997], EAF_XS-2005[Forrest et al., 2004], EAF_N_XS-2007[Forrest et al., 2007], For activation calculations with other particles (proton, deuteron, photon), the required library would be the corresponding multigroup particle-induced cross-section library (e.g. 2007b] obtained from EAF_P_XS-2007[Forrest, for protons, [Forrest, 2007b] for deuterons, ). EAF_D_XS_2007 A decay data basic library, such as FENDL/D-2.0[Forrest, 1997], EAF_DEC2005[Forrest, 2004b], EAF_DEC-2007[Forrest, 2007c], A fission yield basic library, such as that of JEF-2.2[JEF/DOC-538, 1995], JEFF3.1[JEFF/Report-21,2006] , EAF_N_FIS_20070[Forrest, 2007a], A cross-section uncertainty data basic library, such as FENDL UN/A2.0[Paschenko et al., 1997] [Kopecky et al., 1994] [Kopecky and Nierop, 1995], EAF_UN-2005[Forrest et al., 2004], EAF_N_UN-2007[Forrest et al., 2007], In the problems presented in this user manual, the libraries selected as starting point are: EAF_N_GXS_175_FLT-2007 (or EAF_N_GXS_211_FLT-2007) is selected as the activation neutron cross-section basic library (XSBL.dat). For proton-induced calculations, EAF_PXS_211_FLP-2007 is the basic cross section library chosen. EAF_DEC-2007 is selected as the decay data basic library (DBL.dat). EAF_N_FIS_2007 is selected as the fission yield data basic library (FYBL.dat). EAF_UN-2007 is selected as the cross-section uncertainty data basic library (UNBL.dat). On the other hand, the use of FENDL-2.0 nuclear data libraries can also be found in some examples included in this user manual in order to clarify some input descriptions. In the rest of this section, the main characteristics of the used libraries are described.

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II.1. Nuclear data libraries selected as starting point


The EAF-2007 data library[Forrest, 2007a] was produced by NRG Petten and the UKAEA within the European Activation File project, and released in 2007. The term EAF originally described only the neutron-induced cross-section library, but is now used to cover all the nuclear data libraries required for inventory calculations. A.- Activation neutron cross-section basic library: EAF_N_GXS-2007 The selected multigroup activation cross section library is one of the groupwise libraries available in EAF-2007. These multigroup files are obtained from the point-wise cross section library EAF_N_XS-2007, in one of seven group-structures: that of GAM-2 (100 groups), VITAMIN-J (175 groups), WIMS (69 groups), XMAS (172 groups), VITAMIN-J+ (211 groups), TRIPOLI (315 groups) and TRIPOLI+ (351 groups), with different choices of flux weighting spectra. For the examples included in this user manual, two different group-wise libraries have been selected: one in the VITAMIN-J(175) group structure (EAF_N_GXS_175_FLT-2007) and the other in the VITAMIN-J+(211) group structure (EAF_N_GXS_211_FLT-2007); both of them processed with a flat weight function. The point-wise library EAF_N_XS-2007 contains data on 65,565 cross sections on 816 targets in a modified ENDF/B format. The energy range 10-5 eV 60 MeV is covered. All nuclides with a half-life of greater than 6 hours have cross section data, but in addition some short-lived nuclides are also treated as targets. The cross sections represent targets that are infinitely dilute, no self-shielding is included and the temperature for Doppler broadening is 300K. The 86 different reaction types included in the library are given in Table II.1, with the corresponding code in EAF-format. Taking into account the different possible transitions from ground, 1st and 2nd isomeric states, a total number of 250 types of neutron reactions are included. The sources for the cross section data of these reactions are listed in Table II.2. Table II.1. Reaction types included in EAF-2007
ICODE 40 110 160 170 180 REACTION (N,N) (N,2ND) (N,2N) (N,3N) (N,F) ICODE 1090 1110 1120 1130 1140 REACTION (N,3A) (N,2P) (N,PA) (N,T2A) (N,D2A) ICODE 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 REACTION (N,4NT) (N,5NT) (N,6NT) (N,2NH) (N,3NH)

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220 230 240 250 280 290 300 320 330 340 350 360 370 410 420 440 450 1020 1030 1040 1050 1060 1070 1080

(N,NA) (N,N3A) (N,2NA) (N,3NA) (N,NP) (N,N2A) (N,2N2A) (N,ND) (N,NT) (N,NH) (N,ND2A) (N,NT2A) (N,4N) (N,2NP) (N,3NP) (N,N2P) (N,NPA) (N,G) (N,P) (N,D) (N,T) (N,H) (N,A) (N,2A)

1150 1160 1170 1520 1530 1540 1550 1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 1610 1620 1630 1640 1650 1660 1670 1680 1690 1700 1710 1720

(N,PD) (N,PT) (N,DA) (N,5N) (N,6N) (N,2NT) (N,TA) (N,4NP) (N,3ND) (N,NDA) (N,2NPA) (N,7N) (N,8N) (N,5NP) (N,6NP) (N,7NP) (N,4NA) (N,5NA) (N,6NA) (N,7NA) (N,4ND) (N,5ND) (N,6ND) (N,3NT)

1780 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

(N,4NH) (N,3N2P) (N,3N2A) (N,3NPA) (N,DT) (N,NPD) (N,NPT) (N,NDT) (N,NPH) (N,NDH) (N,NTH) (N,NTA) (N,2N2P) (N,PH) (N,DH) (N,HA) (N,4N2P) (N,4N2A) (N,4NPA) (N,3P) (N,N3P) (N,3N2PA) (N,5N2P)

Table II.2. Sources for the cross section data included in EAF-2007
Number of reactions ACTL 2 ADL-3 293 ADL-3/I 5 BRC 1 BROND-2.2 2 CRP 8 EFF-2.4 64 ENDF/B-VI 26 ENDF/B-VI(MDF) 4 ENDF/B-VI.7 11 ENDF/B-VI.8 12 ENDF/B-VII.0 3 ENDF/B-VII.2 14 ENEA(MENGONI) 4 ESTIMATE 10 EXIFON 1 FEI 5 FENDL/A-1 10 FISPRO 9 Data source Data source JAERI(MDF) JEF-2.2 JEF-2.2(MDF) JEFF-3.0 JENDL-3.1 JENDL-3.2 JENDL-3.2/A JENDL-3.2/A/I JENDL-3.3 JENDL-99D KOPECKY-2000 LANL LANL(HERMAN) LANL-2000 MASGAM MASLOV MENDL-2 NGAMMA RRDF-98 Number of reactions 12 377 6 4 55 77 55 1 68 1 5 4 7 10 401 4 1 21 1

13

HEPRL IEAF-2001 IRDF-2002 IRDF-90.2 IRDF-P IRK JAERI Total

10 39 1 11 4 32 3

SIG-ECN SIGECN-MASGAM TALYS-5 TALYS-5a TALYS-6 TALYS-6a WIND 65565

1 64 487 557 736 62022 1

B.- Decay data basic library: EAF_DEC-2007 In the selection of the decay data basic library, the criteria to follow is to take the one most compatible with the selected activation library (the EAF-2007 in our case). Consequently, the EAF-2007 decay data library (EAF_DEC-2007) is the logical choice. The two main compatibility requirements between the activation and the decay library are: i) all nuclides referred to in the activation library and fission yield library must have data in the decay library, and ii) the identification of isomeric states used in both libraries should be identical. EAF_DEC-2007 contains decay data information for 2231 nuclides, 1754 in ground state, and 439 and 38 in 1st and 2nd isomeric states respectively. It is based primarily on the JEFF-3.1 radioactive decay data library, with additional evaluations. It includes data on half-lives, decay modes and decay energies. Isotopes with multiple particles emission are included: - +, - +n, - +n+n , CE+p, CE+, IT+. The basic library contains data in ENDF/B-6 format, and need to be processed before it can be used by ACAB. The utility program PROCDECAY reads decay data libraries in ENDF/B-6 for producing different files with the decay data in the format required by ACAB (see Section IV). C.- Fission yield data basic library: EAF_N_FIS-2007 This library is taken completely from the JEFF-3.1 fission yield library It contains the energy-dependent fission product yield data for three different incident neutron energies: 0.253 eV, 0.4 MeV and 14 MeV. Information is given for the independent fission yields coming from 19 fissionable nuclides (only 19 of the 102 nuclides in EAF_N_XS which have fission cross sections, have any fission yield data in JEFF-3.1 at relevant energies). The fission yield from each of the fissionable nuclides is given for around 1696 nuclides.
[JEFF/Report-21,2006].

14

The fissionable nuclides with fission product yield data are listed in Table II.3. It can be seen that for some of these fissionable nuclides there are missing points, that is, yield data are not given for the three energy points, yet the fission cross section is not negligible in some cases for a neutron having the energy of a missing point. The format of the library is ENDF-6, and should be processed by the COLLAPS code (see Section III) for producing the weighted fission yields libraries to be read directly by ACAB. Table II.3. Fissionable nuclides with fission product yield data in EAF_N_FIS2007 Fissionable Th-232 U-233 U-234 U-235 U-236 U-238 Np-237 Np-238 Pu-238 Pu-239 Pu-240 Pu-241 Pu-242 Am-241 Am-242m Am-243 Cm-243 Cm-244 Cm-245 Incident neutron energies (eV) 2.53 x 10-2 4 x 105 -Y Y Y -Y Y Y -Y -Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y -Y Y Y -Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 14 x 106 Y Y -Y -Y --------------

D.- Cross section uncertainty data basic library: EAF_UN-2007 EAF_UN-2007 is selected as the cross-section uncertainty data basic library. EAF_UN-2007 contains uncertainty data for all cross sections included in the corresponding standard cross section library (EAF_N_XS-2007). The data in the library, in modified ENDF/B-6 format, are uncertainty values in a two- to four-energy group structure (up to 60 MeV). For threshold reactions, the uncertainty data are in a two-group format, from the threshold to 20
15

MeV and from 20 to 60 MeV. A four group format is adopted for the non-threshold reactions: from 10-5 eV to EV (the end of the 1/v region), EV to EH (the end of the resonance region), EH to 20 MeV and 20 to 60 MeV. Note that the energy group boundaries can be different for each reaction and isotope. The uncertainty values actually stored in the file are 2j,EAF (being j the energy group) where j,EAF refers to the relative error (uncertainty) in the standard cross section 0 contained in the corresponding activation file. It is assumed that cross sections within the same energy group are fully correlated, whereas crosssection values in different groups are assumed to be statistically independent. We assume the uncertainty values in the library, EAF, to be three times the experimental relative error, that is, j , EAF = 3 j , EXP (j=1,energy group number) in order to represent a 99.73% confidence level. This assumption comes from the fact that in the EAF_UN-2007 library, it is considered that the best estimate of a cross section uncertainty is:

0
f

0 f

where f is an error factor defined as f = 1 + EAF, being EAF the relative error in the cross section . Then,

1 f ln f ln ln f f 0 0

For small values of x, ln x x 1 ( f 1) ln Let us consider ln

as a random variable normally distributed, being EXP the 0


EAF , we 0

f 1 EAF ln EAF . 0 0

standard deviation of the normal distribution. Then, the value of the variable would be in the interval ( 3 EXP ,3 EXP ) with a 99.73% confidence level. On the other hand, since the best estimate of the cross section is EAF ln

can identify EAF as approximately three times the experimental relative error. To address the uncertainty problem in a comprehensive way, we have used the fact that when evaluating cross sections, the quantity log(EXP/CAL) was approximately normally distributed. Consequently, we assume that for any given cross section , we can define the random variable ln(/0) that follows a normal distribution with mean zero and variance 2EXP. The value 0 is the standard cross section from the corresponding activation cross section file, and 2EXP =2EAF/9 .

16

The format of the uncertainty library is basically ENDF-6, but presents some deviations regarding to material and reaction nomenclature. The library needs to be processed by the COLLAPS code (see Section III) for producing a consistent joint weighted cross-section and uncertainty data library to be read directly by ACAB. E.- Proton and Deuteron-induced cross section basic libraries: EAF_P_XS-2007 and EAF_D_XS-2007 The EAF-2007 data library was released in 2007 and contains libraries with cross section data for charged-particles induced reactions. EAF_P_XS-2007 is the point-wise proton-induced cross section library. The set of reactions in this library was determined by the data available in TALYS-6p. Data on 67,925 cross sections on 803 targets are held in a modified ENDF/B format. The energy range 10-5 eV 60 MeV is covered. The cross sections represent targets that are infinitely dilute, no self-shielding is included and the temperature for Doppler broadening is 300K. No associated uncertainty file is included. EAF_D_XS-2007 contains 66,864 reactions, mainly obtained from TALYS-6d, including 86 reaction types. In addition to the pointwise file, there is a single multigroup library in the VITAMIN-J+ (211-group) flat-weighting format. As with proton library, there is no uncertainty file.

II.2. Other nuclear data basic libraries


A.- Activation neutron cross section basic library FENDL/A-2.0 The FENDL/A-2.0 library is a neutron cross section data base produced within the IAEA FENDL project which has the goal of providing a comprehensive Fusion Evaluated Nuclear Data Library for predicting all nuclear processes in fusion devices. The FENDL/A-2.0 file contains data for all stable and unstable target nuclides with half-lives longer than day. If a reaction produces isomers the cross section for the ground- and isomer-state are given separately. The FENDL/A-2.0 includes 739 target nuclides from H (A=1, Z=1) to Cm (A=248, Z=96) with 13,006 reactions, in the incident energy range up to 20 MeV. These reactions are significant in producing activation both at short and long cooling times. The reaction types and number of reactions for each type included in the library are given in Table II.4, and the sources for the cross section data of these reactions are listed in Table II.5. There are 21 different reaction types in FENDL/A-2.0, and all

17

kinematically allowed reactions below 20 MeV are specified for each target isotope. The FENDL/A-2.0 activation library can be considered as formed by two parts: i) a sublibrary of important reactions for fusion applications, and ii) a basic library which complements the important reaction sublibrary. The FENDL/A-2.0 Sublibrary of Important Reactions contains 398 reactions important for fusion reactor technology in general, although at first it was particularly aimed for activation studies within the ITER design. The sources for the cross section data of these reactions are given in Table II.6. In the FENDL/A-2.0 basic library all the cross-section data have been selected from the European Activation File version 4 (EAF-4.1)[Kopecky et Nierop, 1995]. Considering the two parts together, we have that in FENDL/A-2.0 the bulk of the data is EAF-4.1, with around 240 selections (see Table II.5) from ADL-3, JENDL/A-3.2, FENDL/A-1.1, ENDF/B-VI, IRDF-90.2, IRK and CRP. It has been emphasized[Paschenko et al., 1997] [Herman et Pashchenko, 1997] that the basic library contains evaluated neutron activation cross sections selected from existing activation data files. In assembling this library, no additional evaluation work was performed in order to improve evaluations; only existing evaluations were considered for inclusion. Therefore, in many cases the data given are theoretical estimates without or with limited experimental verification so that the data uncertainty may be significantly higher than for those evolved from careful evaluation and validation (such as the important reactions). Table II.4. Reaction types included in FENDL/A-2.0 [Paschenko et al., 1997] Reaction type N,2N N,3N N,4N N,G N,F N,N N,ND N,NP N,NA N,NT N,NH N,2P N,2A Number of Reactions 971 829 21 972 61 252 989 986 963 906 329 872 2

18

N,P N,D N,A N,T N,H N,2NA N,2NP N,N2A Total

982 989 954 1010 914 2 1 1 13006

Table II.5. Sources for the cross section data included in FENDL/A-2.0 Data Source JEF-2.2 EFF-2.4 ENDF/B-VI JENDL-3.1 JENDL-3.2 JENDL-3.2/A JENDL-3.2/A/I ACTL LANL ADL-3 ADL-3/I FISPRO SIGECN-MASGAM MASGAM NGAMMA THRES EXIFON SIG-ECN IRDF-90.2 ESTIMATE CRP FENDL/A-1 IRK Total Number of Reactions 2077 515 55 136 4 80 1 2 9 8521 14 9 73 411 1 753 249 1 22 22 9 41 1 13006

19

Table II.6. Sources for the cross section data of the important reaction sublibrary of FENDL/A-2.0 [Paschenko et al., 1997] Data Source EAF-4.1 ENDF/B-VI JENDL/A-3.2 ADL-3 IRDF-90.2 CRP(2) FENDL/A-1.1 IRK(1) Total Number of Targets 158 1 65 135 1 8 29 1 398

(1) IRK stands for evaluation originating from the Institute fr Radiumforschung und Kernphysik Vienna. (2) CRP is a product from Research Coordination Programme on the Activation Cross Sections for the Generation of Long-lived Radionuclides of IAEA [Pashchenko, 1995]. The rest of selections come from well-known and released libraries.

B.- Decay data basic library FENDL/D-2.0 If the FENDL/A-2.0 has been chosen as activation cross section basic library, the FENDL decay data library (FENDL/D-2.0) will be the logical choice for the decay data basic library. In the selection of the decay data library for FENDL/D-2.0, the choice was to take directly the EAF-4.1 (EAF_DEC-4.1) decay library. With this choice, based on the fact that FENDL/A-2.0 is largely based on EAF-4.1 activation library, the two requirements above mentioned have been efficiently fulfilled. However, regarding the second requirement there are a few cases in which inconsistency of identification of isomeric states between the two libraries remain due to the inclusion of the important reactions subfile in FENDL/A-2.0. These inconsistencies, according to the FENDL/D-2.0 evaluators[Nakai et al., 1996], are on nuclides of very limited importance for fusion applications, and it was decided to let them remain. FENDL/D-2.0 contains decay properties (decay type, decay energy, half-life, photon yield) for 1875 nuclides and isomers, including ground, first and second isomeric states; and it is written in ENDF/B-VI format.

20

Table II.7. FENDL/D-2.0: Modes of decay and number of ground state and isomeric state daughters produced in each mode Mode of decay Daughters Ground 1st isomeric state state 719 693 64 8 2nd isomeric state 2 __ __ Isomeric transition (IT) alpha decay () Neutron decay (n) __ Spontaneous fission proton decay (p) 22 __ 3 6 __ __ __ 268 6 __ 1 __ 1 __ __

- decay + decay Electron capture ()

- decay followed by n emission (-, n) - decay followed by emission (-,)

__

__

C.- Fission yield data basic library JEF-2.2 This library contains the energy-dependent fission product yield data for three different incident neutron energies: 0.253 eV, 0.4 MeV and 14 MeV. Information is given for the independent and cumulative yield coming from 19 fissionable nuclides. The fission yield from each of the fissionable nuclides is given for around 1450 nuclides. The fissionable nuclides with fission product yield data in JEF-2.2 are the same listed in Table II.3. The sources for those fission yield data are provided in Table II.8.
21

Table II.8. Sources for neutron-induced fission products yields in JEF-2.2


**************************************************************** JEF-2.2 TAPE 24 (FISSION YIELDS) **************************************************************** ******************************************************************************************************** DIST-JUN93 930702 -----NEUTRON-INDUCED FISSION PRODUCT YIELDS ------ENDF-6 FORMAT ADJUSTED INDEPENDENT AND CUMULATIVE YIELD LIBRARIES TERNARY FISSION AND ISOMERIC SPLITTING INCLUDED DESCRIBED WITHIN REPORTS AEA-TRS-1015, 1018 AND 1019 THIS WORK WAS SPONSORED BY THE UKAEA, BNF PLC AND NUCLEAR ELECTRIC. THIS REMAINS THE JOINT PROPERTY OF THE SPONSORS BUT CAN BE DISTRIBUTED FREELY. NO LIABILITY CAN BE ACCEPTED BY THE SPONSORS FOR THE USE, OR MISUSE, OF THIS DATA. ******************************************************************************************************** 90-TH-232 WIN EVAL-JUN93 M.JAMES AND R.MILLS ----JEF-2.2 MATERIAL 9061 **************************************************************** 92-U -233 WIN EVAL-JUN93 M.JAMES AND R.MILLS ----JEF-2.2 MATERIAL 9234 **************************************************************** 92-U -234 WIN EVAL-JUN93 M.JAMES AND R.MILLS ----JEF-2.2 MATERIAL 9237 **************************************************************** 92-U -235 WIN EVAL-JUN93 M.JAMES AND R.MILLS ----JEF-2.2 MATERIAL 9240 **************************************************************** 92-U -236 WIN EVAL-JUN93 M.JAMES AND R.MILLS ----JEF-2.2 MATERIAL 9243 **************************************************************** 92-U -238 WIN EVAL-JUN93 M.JAMES AND R.MILLS ----JEF-2.2 MATERIAL 9249 **************************************************************** 93-NP-237 WIN EVAL-JUN93 M.JAMES AND R.MILLS ----JEF-2.2 MATERIAL 9346 **************************************************************** 93-NP-238 WIN EVAL-JUN93 M.JAMES AND R.MILLS ----JEF-2.2 MATERIAL 9349 **************************************************************** 94-PU-238 WIN EVAL-JUN93 M.JAMES AND R.MILLS ----JEF-2.2 MATERIAL 9437

22

**************************************************************** 94-PU-239 WIN EVAL-JUN93 M.JAMES AND R.MILLS ----JEF-2.2 MATERIAL 9440

Table 7 continued
**************************************************************** 94-PU-240 WIN EVAL-JUN93 M.JAMES AND R.MILLS ----JEF-2.2 MATERIAL 9443 **************************************************************** 94-PU-241 WIN EVAL-JUN93 M.JAMES AND R.MILLS ----JEF-2.2 MATERIAL 9446 **************************************************************** 94-PU-242 WIN EVAL-JUN93 M.JAMES AND R.MILLS ----JEF-2.2 MATERIAL 9449 **************************************************************** 95-AM-241 WIN EVAL-JUN93 M.JAMES AND R.MILLS ----JEF-2.2 MATERIAL 9543 **************************************************************** 95-AM-242MWIN EVAL-JUN93 M.JAMES AND R.MILLS ----JEF-2.2 MATERIAL 9547 LISO SET TO 1 RAF CULHAM 4/11/94 **************************************************************** 95-AM-243 WIN EVAL-JUN93 M.JAMES AND R.MILLS ----JEF-2.2 MATERIAL 9549 **************************************************************** 96-CM-243 WIN EVAL-JUN93 M.JAMES AND R.MILLS ----JEF-2.2 MATERIAL 9640 **************************************************************** 96-CM-244 WIN EVAL-JUN93 M.JAMES AND R.MILLS ----JEF-2.2 MATERIAL 9643 **************************************************************** 96-CM-245 WIN EVAL-JUN93 M.JAMES AND R.MILLS ----JEF-2.2 MATERIAL 9646 ****************************************************************

D.- Cross section uncertainty data basic library FENDL UN/A-2.0 This library contains data for all reactions considered in the FENDL /A-2.0 activation library. References [Kopecky et al., 1994] and [Kopecky and Nierop, 1995] describe the basic features in the development of uncertainty data for activation cross sections. The FENDL UN library uses one-group structure for

23

threshold reactions, and three-group structure for non-threshold reactions. It contains values of the energy boundaries and values of the uncertainty for each energy region. The values for a non-threshold reaction correspond to a) the thermal (1/v) range (from 10-5 eV up to the end of 1/v behavior of the cross section, EV), b) the resolved resonance region (from EV to the end of resolved resonance region of the cross section, ER), and c) the smooth high-energy region up to 20 MeV (from ER to 20 MeV). In the case of threshold reactions the energy range of the group covers energies from the threshold (ET) to 20 MeV. Uncertainties values of the library are adopted considering that log(/0) approximately follows the normal distribution with mean 0 and variance 2, N(0,2). The value 0 is the estimated cross-section, that is, the usual values used when uncertainties are not considered, and are provided in the activation cross section file of FENDL /A-2.0. The variance 2 is given in the uncertainty file. No covariance information is included. It should be noted that a cross-section is inspected and used for the determination of uncertainties at a few particular energies - only one for each of the three energy regions. The uncertainties at these energies are exactly valid only at the particular energies. The library assumes these values representative for whole energy region. Implicit assumptions in using the library are that errors in the cross sections corresponding to the same energy region are 100 % correlated, and that errors in different energy regions are uncorrelated. The format of the uncertainty library is basically ENDF-6, but presents some deviations regarding to material and reaction nomenclature. The library need to be processed by the COLLAPS code (see Section III) for producing a consistent weighted cross-section and uncertainty data library to be read directly by ACAB.

24

III. Processing codes III.1. Processing code COLLAPS


This utility program has five major facilities: i) it is used to condense multigroup activation cross section libraries down to a single group. ii) It also is used to collapse multigroup damage cross section library. iii) COLLAPS can use fission yield data in conjunction with fission cross sections and neutron spectrum to compute effective fission yield cross sections, <>, and effective fission yields, <>. iv) The code can be used to collapse cross section uncertainty data for a particular neutron spectrum. v) Finally, it can create a pseudo cross section library according with the weighting function provided by the user (this feature is clarified in Section VI, Subsection H). Two basic parameters control the different operation modes of COLLAPS: ISFIS and IUNC3G. When running COLLAPS in the mode ISFIS=0, that we call hereafter standard mode, the neutron flux is used as a weighting function to produce the 1-group energy-averaged (effective) cross-sections. The neutron spectrum may be input in an arbitrary group structure. When the code runs with ISFIS=1, mode that will be referred to as fission mode hereafter, the same former library is produced, but in addition two new libraries are generated: one containing 1-group effective fission product yields, and other including 1-group effective fission yield cross sections. When running COLLAPS with IUNC3G=1 (regardless of the ISFIS value), the code use the cross-section uncertainty data in conjunction with cross sections and neutron spectrum to produce a library containing for every nuclide cross sections and uncertainty data in a consistent group structure. When IUNC3G=0, no cross section uncertainty information is processed. Regarding the operation of COLLAPS in the standard mode, the cross section libraries to be collapsed must be in the format used by the European Activation File (EAF). In the case of collapsing a multigroup damage cross section library, the damage energy cross sections have to be also in EAF format. COLLAPS currently is able to handle cross section libraries in the standard Vitamin-J (175 groups), GAM-II (100 groups), TART-175 (175 groups), TART-566 (566 groups) and Vitamin-J+ (211 groups) group structures. The three first group structures are given in Tables III.1-III.3. The fourth structure is coming from a 650 group structure aimed to be used with the TART98 Monte Carlo neutron and photon transport code. This structure has minimum neutron energy of 10-10 MeV and maximum neutron energy of 1 GeV. The energies are divided logically into the 650 groups with a standard distribution of 50 groups per decade. The number of groups below 20 MeV is 566. Between 1 and 20 MeV there are 16 groups. The fifth

25

group structure (Vitamin-J+) is an extended structured from Vitamin-J up to 55 MeV. From 20 MeV to 55 MeV, the energy range is divided into 36 groups, at 1 MeV intervals. The ability to deal with libraries in other group structures can be easily implemented in COLLAPS. The neutron spectrum employed to condense the cross section library, if possible, is advised to be in one of those structures. When the neutron spectrum is given in a group structure different from those listed above, COLLAPS begins by converting the spectrum into one of the standard structures (as specified by the user). After conversion is completed, the code condenses the cross section library. When ACAB is going to be run for inventory calculations considering fission products, previously to run it, the user must run COLLAPS with the option ISFIS=1, since ACAB needs as input the 1-group fission yield or fission yield cross section library output by COLLAPS. When the inventory of fission products is not to be computed by ACAB, the user is recommended to use COLLAPS with the option ISFIS=0. When COLLAPS operates in the fission mode, one of the important computed quantities is the effective fission yield cross section <>. This is defined as the spectrum-averaged neutron cross section for formation of nuclei of type i by fission in the nuclei of type j, and may be expressed as:

j , i f , j =

j ,i

( E ) f , j ( E ) ( E )dE

where,

j,i f,j T

= probability that a type-i nuclide will be formed as a fission product by absorption of a neutron of energy E by a nuclide of type j. = microscopic fission cross section of type j nuclei for neutrons of energy E. = total energy integrated neutron flux.

Other important quantity computed is the effective fission product yield <>. This is defined as the spectrum-averaged fission yield for formation of nuclei of type i by fission in the nuclei of type j, and may be expressed as:

j ,i =

j ,i

( E ) f , j ( E ) ( E )dE
f ,j

( E ) ( E )dE

26

that is :
j , i = j , i f , j f , j

In previous versions of ACAB, the effective fission yield cross section library was used. In the current version, the option to use the library of effective fission product yields is also available, which is especially convenient when using ACAB for computing uncertainties in inventory calculations. In computing the above mentioned quantities, some assumptions are made to deal with the information from the JEF-2.2/JEFF3.1 fission yield library: i) Three energy regions are defined, assuming that independent yield data are constant in the energy range of each region. The energy ranges for these regions should be provided by the user (card #4 of COLLAPS input), and the ranges recommended are: E<200 keV (low energy region), 5 MeV>E>200 keV (medium energy region), and E>5 MeV (high energy region). These regions have been selected taking into account the three neutron incident energy points for yield data considered in JEF-2.2/JEFF3.1, that is: at 0.0253 eV, at 0.4 MeV and at 14 MeV. Consequently, fission yields at these points are assigned to the low, medium and high energy regions, respectively. ii) For some of the fissionable nuclides considered in JEF-2.2/JEFF3.1, yield data are not given for all of the three energy points, even though the fission cross section is not negligible for the neutron having the energy of a missing point. To work out this situation we have assigned to an energy point lacking yield data, the yield data of the closer one. iii) In JEF-2.2/JEFF3.1 there are 19 fissionable nuclides, while in the activation library FENDL/A-2.0 there are 61 nuclides having fission cross sections, 90 in EAF-2005 and 102 in EAF-2007. COLLAPS allows obtaining <> and <> files for both 19 and 61/90/102 nuclides. In producing the corresponding files, the nuclides with no fission yield data in JEF-2.2/JEFF3.1 were assumed in previous versions to have those of the neighboring nuclide with fission yields available. In this version, we have used the INPUT file eaf_asscfy.dat to link between fissionable nuclides and fission yields. When COLLAPS operates in the IUNC3G=1 mode, the effective cross sections are computed for each nuclide and for each of the energy regions considered in the uncertainty cross-section data library. The joint cross section and uncertainty collapsed library is produced.

27

COLLAPS is controlled via the standard input unit 5 (file named COLL.inp). Unit 2 (file XSBL.dat) must contain the cross section basic library to be condensed. Unit 17 (file FYBL.dat) includes the fission yield basic library. The code also reads the cross- section uncertainty basic library (unit 4, file UNCBL.dat). Output is automatically written to different files described in the COLLAPS flowchart. Unit 9 (file XSECTION.dat) contains the 1-group cross section library in the EAF format, unit 8 (file FLUX.inf) gives the 1-group neutron flux and average neutron energy, and unit 12 (file REACTIONS.dat) contains the reaction types and reaction codes to be used by ACAB (in NUDATA.f subroutine) and by CHAINS code. When running in the fission mode, COLLAPS reads the FYBL.dat library and processes it into the hereafter called extended fission yield library (EFYL), which contains the independent fission yields for all the three energy points, and for the fissionable nuclides included in the library (file EFYBL.dat) or in the activation cross section library (file EFYAXSL.dat). The EFY library is not dependent on the weighting neutron spectrum and therefore, once generated, it can be used directly in subsequent runs of COLLAPS, as input file containing the fission yield information, instead of using the basic fission yield library (unit 17). Also unit 96 is generated containing the one-group fission yield cross section library (file FYXSL.dat) and the one-group fission yield library (file FYL.dat). When the IUNC3G=1 mode is active, the joint cross section and uncertainty collapsed libraries are generated (unit 66): in the same group structure than that of UNCBL.dat (file XSUNC.dat) and in one energy group (XSUNC_1G.dat). If a multigroup damage library is used [Cabellos, 2007], the collapsed damage cross section is written in file DAMAGE.dat. This file includes the following information: isotope/element, collapsed damage cross section, default damage displacement energy, and collapsed gas production cross section (hydrogen, deuterium, tritium, He3 and He4). INPUT FILE The input file, unit 5, is formatted and must contain the following information: Card #1: (format is 2I4)

The first card is used to specify the group structure of both the cross section library and the neutron flux. # Parameter Description
28

ILIB

Group structure used in the cross section library: 1 GAM-II (100 groups) 2 Vitamin-J (175 groups) 3 TART-175 (175 groups) 4 TART-566 (175 groups) 5 Other (arbitrary) 12 Vitamin-J+ (211 groups) Group structure used for the neutron flux: 1 GAM-II 2 Vitamin-J 3 TART-175 4 TART-566 5 Other (arbitrary) 12 Vitamin-J+ (211 groups)

IESF

Card #2:

(FORTRAN free format)

This card is used for reading the information heading the activation crosssection library. # 1 Parameter IHEAD Description Number of lines heading the cross section library. This heading provide general library information.

Card #3:

(FORTRAN free format)

This card controls the generation of the effective fission yield cross section library. If the first parameter of this card is 0, the rest will not have any effect and can take any value. # 1 Parameter ISFIS Description Indicator for the fission mode operation. 0 No effect. The other parameters of this card dont have any effect if ISFIS=0. 1 Fission yield data are processed (according to ISOCA, parameter #3 of this card). Indicator for controlling the generation of the extended fission yield (EFY) library.

IGEN

29

No effect. Standard fission mode of operation is active to cause the generation of the effective fission yield cross section library. Generation of file EFYBL.dat, which includes the extended fission yield data library for all fissionable nuclides included in the basic (UNIT 17) fission yield data library. Generation of file EFYAXSL.dat, which contains the extended fission yield data library for all fissionable nuclides included in the reaction cross section data library. After the generation of the both files, the code STOPS. No effective fission yield cross section library is generated. The EFY libraries produced can be used in subsequent runs (with ISOCA=0) instead of input, as starting point, e.g. the JEF-2.2 library.

ISOCA

Processing of the basic fission yield data library (UNIT 17). 0 No effect. The code reads the extended fission yield data library (it must appear as UNIT #18). Reading and processing of the basic fission yield data library (it must appear as UNIT #17).

IBEST

Selection of the 1-group (or effective) fission yield cross section library (UNIT 96). It is ignored if IGEN=1. 0 The fission yield cross section library is generated for the fissionable nuclides included in the original fission yield data library (UNIT 17). The library is produced for all fissionable nuclides included in the reaction cross section library (UNIT 2).

Example #1:

30

0/1

0/1

0/1

This example keeps COLLAPS from dealing with fission yield data information (ISFIS=0, and the rest of the parameters are ignored). Example #2:
1 1 1 0/1

This example causes processing of fission yield data (ISFIS=1) taken from JEFF2.2/UNIT #17 (ISOCA =1), and production of EFY libraries for 19 (Unit 18) and 61 (Unit 28) fissionable nuclides (IGEN =1). No fission yield cross sections are generated, so the parameter IBEST is ignored. Example #3: 1 0 1 0

This example causes processing of fission yield data (ISFIS=1) taken from JEFF2.2/UNIT #17 (ISOCA =1), and production of both (IGEN =0) the EFY library (Unit 18) and the 1-group fission yield cross section library (Unit 96), corresponding to the fissionable nuclides included in JEF-2.2 (IBEST =0). Example #4: 1 0 1 1

This example differs from Ex. #3 only in the parameter IBEST. Here the produced units #18 and #96 corresponds to the fissionable nuclides included in the activation cross section library (IBEST =1). Example #5: 1 0 0 0

This example causes processing of fission yield data (ISFIS=1) taken from a previous produced EFY library/UNIT #18 (ISOCA =0), and production (IGEN =0) of the 1-group fission yield cross section library (Unit 96) corresponding to the fissionable nuclides included in the input EFY library/UNIT #18. Here, Unit 18 must contain information for the fissionable nuclides contained in JEF-2.2 (IBEST =0). Example #6:

31

This example differs from Ex. #5 only in the parameter IBEST. Here the input EFY library/UNIT #18 must contain information for the fissionable nuclides included in the activation cross section library (IBEST =1). Card #4: (FORTRAN free format)

This card will only be present if ISFIS 0. It gives the fission yield energy group structure for processing of the JEF-2.2 fission yield library. Independent yield data are assumed to be constant in each energy group. # 1 Parameter EB Description Energy boundaries (eV) of the energy regions where independent yield data are assumed to be constant. The energy boundaries are given in order of decreasing energy [2]. The energy boundaries for the 3-group structure are: 14 Mev-EB(1), EB(1)-EB(2), and EB(2)-0.0253MeV. The values suggested are 5 MeV for EB(1) and 200 keV for EB(2).

Card #5:

(format is 2I4)

This card gives the number of groups used in the neutron spectrum and the units of the neutron flux. Parameter Description # 1 NGROUP The absolute value of NGROUP is the number of neutron groups of the neutron spectrum. If NGROUP < 0, the neutron flux group structure is given in order of decreasing energy. If NGROUP > 0, the neutron flux group structure is given in order of increasing energy. 2 FF Units used for the neutron flux description: 0 Total scalar flux [n/cm2s] 1 Flux density [n/cm2sMeV]

Card #6:

(format is 6E12.5)

Card #6 will only appear if IESF = 5, that is, when a group structure other than GAM-II, Vitamin-J, TART-175, or TART-566 is used to specify the neutron flux.
32

# 1

Parameter CX

Description Energy boundaries of the group structure used for the neutron flux. The order of the energy boundaries is given by the sign of NGROUP.[NGROUP+1].

Card #7:

(format is 6E12.5)

When IESF 4, card #6 will not appear, and thus, card #7 will immediately follow card #5. # 1 Parameter FT Description Flux levels within each energy group. Units of the flux are given by FF and order (ascending or descending energy) is fix by the sign of NGROUP [ABS(NGROUP)].

Card #8: (FORTRAN free format) It allows processing of the basic uncertainty data library, file UNBL.dat. # 1 Parameter IUNC3G Description Option for dealing with cross-section uncertainties. 0 No effect. 1 Production of the joint cross-section and uncertainty collapsed libraries (files XSUNC.dat and XSUNC_1G.dat).

Card #9: # 1

(FORTRAN free format) Parameter ISTOP Description Option for printing only flux information. 0 No effect. 1 The code only writes the file FLUX.inf.

Example of input file:


2 16 3

1 0 1 1 5.E+06 2.E+05 -175 0 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00

1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00

1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00

1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00

1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00

33

1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 0 0

1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 IUNC3G ISTOP

1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00

1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00

1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00

1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00

In the above example, the neutron flux is given in TART 175-group format while the activation cross sections are given in VITAMIN 175-group format. The number 16 means that there are 16 heading lines in FENDL-A/2.0. The parameters of the next card are: ISFIS=1 (meaning that ACAB is going to run in fission mode), IGEN=0 (this is a standard fission mode of operation, and the effective fission yields cross section library is generated), ISOCA=1 (in this case the basic fission yield data library JEF-2.2 is processed) and IBEST=1 (both, the effective fission yield cross section and the EFY libraries are generated for all fissionable nuclides contained in the activation library). The next card shows the energy boundaries limiting the three regions considered in fission yield processing (the two values are those suggested in card #4). In the following card, the negative sign in front of the figure 175 indicates that the fluxes will follow in order of descending energy. The fluxes are given in units of n/cm2s as indicated by FF = 0. Because IESF 5, card #6 is omitted, and the 175 fluxes immediately follow card #5. The card IUNC3G=0, indicates that cross section uncertainty processing should not be performed. The final card, ISTOP=0, indicates that all the processing activities are to be done.

34

COLL.inp XSBL.dat
Only if fission mode, ISFIS=1

input file (control parameters, neutron flux spectrum)

user

multigroup cross section basic library in EAF format (from EAF-2007, FENDL/A-2.0, )

FYBL.dat eaf_asscfy.dat

fission yield basic library (EAF_N_FIS-2007, JEF-2.2 fission yield library, etc.) list of fissionable nuclides with associated fission yields (from EAF-2007, )

Only if uncertainty mode, IUNC3G=1

UNCBL.dat COLLAPS FLUX.inf XS.inf REACTIONS.dat XSECTION.dat XSZERO.dat


Only if fission mode, ISFIS=1

multigroup cross section uncertainty basic library (EAF_UN-2007, FENDL UN/A-2.0, )

information about the flux spectrum (1-group neutron flux and average energy) information about reaction types in the cross section basic library XSBL.dat reaction types included in the collapsed 1-group cross section library 1-group or effective cross section library (in EAF format) 1-group null cross sections to ACAB to ACAB

ACTINIDES-YD.inf

list of fissionable nuclides in the collapsed problem extended fission yield basic library ( for the fissionable nuclides included in JEF-2.2) extended fission yield library ( for the fissionable nuclides in the activation xs library) 1-group fission yield cross section library <> 1-group fission yield library <> to ACAB to ACAB

EFYBL.dat EFYAXSL.dat FYXS.dat


FY.dat
Only if uncertainty mode, IUNC3G=1

UNCBL.inf
UNCSMPROC.dat

information about the uncertainty basic library pre-processing file of UNCBL.dat for internal calculation in COLLAPS collapsed multigroup joint cross-section and uncertainty library 1-group joint cross-section and uncertainty library to ACAB to ACAB

XSUNC.dat XSUNC_1g.dat DAMAGE.dat

1-group collapsed damage cross section library to ACAB (only if XSBL.dat is a multigroup damage cross section library)

Figure III.1. COLLAPS flowchart.

35

Table III.1. Energy group boundaries for the Vitamin-J 175-group structure. The upper energy for group #1 is 19.6 MeV. A modified VITAMINJ data is available in 211-group (extending up to 55MeV)
Grou p # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Em in (Mev) 1.73E+01 1.69E+01 1.65E+01 1.57E+01 1.49E+01 1.46E+01 1.42E+01 1.38E+01 1.35E+01 1.28E+01 1.25E+01 1.22E+01 1.16E+01 1.11E+01 1.05E+01 1.00E+01 9.51E+00 9.05E+00 8.61E+00 8.19E+00 7.79E+00 7.41E+00 7.05E+00 6.70E+00 6.59E+00 6.38E+00 6.07E+00 5.77E+00 5.49E+00 5.22E+00 4.97E+00 4.72E+00 4.49E+00 4.07E+00 3.68E+00 3.33E+00 3.17E+00 3.01E+00 2.87E+00 2.73E+00 2.59E+00 2.47E+00 2.39E+00 2.37E+00 2.35E+00 Grou p # 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 Em in (Mev) 2.31E+00 2.23E+00 2.12E+00 2.02E+00 1.92E+00 1.83E+00 1.74E+00 1.65E+00 1.57E+00 1.50E+00 1.42E+00 1.35E+00 1.29E+00 1.22E+00 1.16E+00 1.11E+00 1.00E+00 9.62E-01 9.07E-01 8.63E-01 8.21E-01 7.81E-01 7.43E-01 7.07E-01 6.72E-01 6.39E-01 6.08E-01 5.78E-01 5.50E-01 5.23E-01 4.98E-01 4.50E-01 4.08E-01 3.88E-01 3.69E-01 3.34E-01 3.02E-01 2.98E-01 2.97E-01 2.95E-01 2.87E-01 2.73E-01 2.47E-01 2.35E-01 2.24E-01 Group # 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 Emin (Mev) 2.13E-01 2.02E-01 1.93E-01 1.83E-01 1.74E-01 1.66E-01 1.58E-01 1.50E-01 1.43E-01 1.36E-01 1.29E-01 1.23E-01 1.17E-01 1.11E-01 9.80E-02 8.65E-02 8.25E-02 7.95E-02 7.20E-02 6.74E-02 5.66E-02 5.25E-02 4.63E-02 4.09E-02 3.43E-02 3.18E-02 2.85E-02 2.70E-02 2.61E-02 2.48E-02 2.42E-02 2.36E-02 2.19E-02 1.93E-02 1.50E-02 1.17E-02 1.06E-02 9.12E-03 7.10E-03 5.53E-03 4.31E-03 3.71E-03 3.35E-03 3.04E-03 2.75E-03 Group # 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 Em in (Mev) 2.61E-03 2.49E-03 2.25E-03 2.03E-03 1.58E-03 1.23E-03 9.61E-04 7.49E-04 5.83E-04 4.54E-04 3.54E-04 2.75E-04 2.14E-04 1.67E-04 1.30E-04 1.01E-04 7.89E-05 6.14E-05 4.79E-05 3.73E-05 2.90E-05 2.26E-05 1.76E-05 1.37E-05 1.07E-05 8.32E-06 6.48E-06 5.04E-06 3.93E-06 3.06E-06 2.38E-06 1.86E-06 1.45E-06 1.13E-06 8.76E-07 6.83E-07 5.32E-07 4.14E-07 1.00E-07 1.00E-11

36

Table III.2. Energy group boundaries for the GAM-II 100-group structure. The upper energy for group #1 is 14.9 MeV Group # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Emin (Mev) 1.35E+01 1.22E+01 1.11E+01 1.00E+01 9.05E+00 8.19E+00 7.41E+00 6.70E+00 6.07E+00 5.49E+00 4.97E+00 4.49E+00 4.07E+00 3.68E+00 3.33E+00 3.01E+00 2.73E+00 2.47E+00 2.23E+00 2.02E+00 1.83E+00 1.65E+00 1.50E+00 1.35E+00 1.22E+00 1.11E+00 1.00E+00 9.07E-01 8.21E-01 7.43E-01 6.72E-01 6.08E-01 5.50E-01 4.98E-01 4.50E-01 Grou p # 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Em in (Mev) 4.08E-01 3.69E-01 3.34E-01 3.02E-01 2.73E-01 2.47E-01 2.24E-01 2.02E-01 1.83E-01 1.66E-01 1.50E-01 1.36E-01 1.23E-01 1.11E-01 8.65E-02 6.74E-02 5.25E-02 4.09E-02 3.18E-02 2.48E-02 1.93E-02 1.50E-02 1.17E-02 9.12E-03 7.10E-03 5.53E-03 4.31E-03 3.35E-03 2.61E-03 2.03E-03 1.58E-03 1.23E-03 9.61E-04 7.49E-04 5.83E-04 Grou p # 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 Em in (Mev) 4.54E-04 3.54E-04 2.75E-04 2.14E-04 1.67E-04 1.30E-04 1.01E-04 7.89E-05 6.14E-05 4.79E-05 3.73E-05 2.90E-05 2.26E-05 1.76E-05 1.37E-05 1.07E-05 8.32E-06 6.48E-06 5.04E-06 3.93E-06 3.06E-06 2.38E-06 1.86E-06 1.45E-06 1.13E-06 8.76E-07 6.83E-07 5.32E-07 4.14E-07 5.10E-09

37

Table III.3. Energy group boundaries for the TART 175-group structure. The upper energy for group #1 is 20.0 MeV

Group # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

Em in (Mev) 1.88E+01 1.81E+01 1.75E+01 1.69E+01 1.63E+01 1.58E+01 1.52E+01 1.47E+01 1.44E+01 1.41E+01 1.39E+01 1.35E+01 1.31E+01 1.25E+01 1.20E+01 1.16E+01 1.10E+01 1.06E+01 1.01E+01 9.67E+00 9.18E+00 8.79E+00 8.32E+00 7.91E+00 7.55E+00 7.16E+00 6.74E+00 6.37E+00 6.04E+00 5.66E+00 5.35E+00 4.99E+00 4.70E+00 4.40E+00 4.07E+00 3.81E+00 3.53E+00 3.27E+00 3.01E+00 2.74E+00 2.53E+00 2.31E+00 2.09E+00 1.89E+00 1.69E+00

Group # 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

Em in (Mev) 1.51E+00 1.34E+00 1.18E+00 1.03E+00 8.83E-01 7.53E-01 6.33E-01 5.12E-01 4.23E-01 3.78E-01 3.35E-01 2.94E-01 2.71E-01 2.42E-01 2.08E-01 1.82E-01 1.31E-01 9.89E-02 8.32E-02 7.00E-02 5.76E-02 4.70E-02 3.95E-02 3.27E-02 2.65E-02 2.09E-02 1.51E-02 1.03E-02 7.53E-03 5.76E-03 4.23E-03 3.78E-03 3.35E-03 2.94E-03 2.56E-03 2.21E-03 1.88E-03 1.58E-03 1.31E-03 1.06E-03 9.18E-04 8.32E-04 7.16E-04 6.37E-04 6.04E-04

Group # 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135

Em in (Mev) 5.66E-04 4.99E-04 4.70E-04 3.81E-04 3.27E-04 2.74E-04 2.09E-04 1.99E-04 1.89E-04 1.79E-04 1.69E-04 1.60E-04 1.51E-04 1.41E-04 1.34E-04 1.26E-04 1.18E-04 1.10E-04 1.03E-04 9.81E-05 9.67E-05 9.39E-05 9.11E-05 8.83E-05 8.43E-05 8.17E-05 7.91E-05 7.78E-05 7.53E-05 7.16E-05 7.03E-05 6.67E-05 6.56E-05 6.33E-05 6.10E-05 5.76E-05 5.65E-05 5.33E-05 5.12E-05 4.92E-05 4.72E-05 4.62E-05 4.33E-05 4.23E-05 4.05E-05

Group # 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175

Em in (Mev) 3.87E-05 3.60E-05 3.35E-05 3.10E-05 2.94E-05 2.86E-05 2.71E-05 2.56E-05 2.42E-05 2.28E-05 2.08E-05 1.88E-05 1.76E-05 1.58E-05 1.47E-05 1.31E-05 1.10E-05 9.62E-06 8.32E-06 6.74E-06 5.66E-06 4.70E-06 3.53E-06 2.74E-06 2.09E-06 1.51E-06 1.18E-06 7.53E-07 5.12E-07 4.23E-07 3.35E-07 2.56E-07 1.88E-07 1.31E-07 8.32E-08 4.70E-08 3.27E-08 2.09E-08 5.23E-09 1.31E-09

38

III.2. Processing code PROCDECAY


This utility program is used to read the decay basic data library and process it into ACAB format. A file with information about natural isotopic abundance (taken from Nuclear Walet Cards, July 1995[Tuli, 1995]) is also real in order to include this information in the library for use with ACAB. The input files needed as well as the obtained libraries are described in the following flowchart.

DBL.dat NATURAL.dat

decay data basic library natural isotopic abundance

PROCDECAY

OUTPUT.inf

information about the nuclides included in the decay data basic library Files with tabulated discrete energies for a given spectral type

IGAMMA.dat IBETA.dat IPOSITRON.dat INEUTRON.dat ISPFISFRA.dat IPROTONS.dat IELECTRON.dat IXRAYS.dat MULT_PAR.dat DECAY.dat.NN DECAY.dat DHEAT.dat PHOTON.dat EBEATA.dat IALPHA.dat ISF.dat

gamma decay data negatron beta decay data positron decay data (electron capture and/or positron emission) neutron decay data (neutron emission (not delayed neutron decay)) spontaneous fission fragments proton decay data electron decay data x-rays decay data multi-particle decay (- followed by n emission, - followed by emission, ) decay library without natural isotopic abundance decay library with natural isotopic abundance (an invented isotope, 162500, is included to accumulate spontaneous fission process) to ACAB decay energy data to ACAB (only if decay heat is to be computed by ACAB) photons decay data beta decay data to ACAB (only if doses are to be computed by ACAB)

to ACAB (only if doses are to be computed by ACAB)

alpha decay data of the alpha-emitter nuclides to ACAB (only if neutron emission is to be computed by ACAB) spontaneous fission decay data to ACAB (only if neutron emission is to be computed by ACAB)

Figure III.2. PROCDECAY flowchart.

39

40

IV. Data libraries for ACAB and running ACAB


When ACAB is going to be run for inventory calculations, it makes use of four different data libraries. These libraries provide data corresponding to: 1) 2) decay data (UNIT 3, file DECAY.dat) output by PROCDECAY. cross section data if uncertainty mode is not to be run: cross section library (UNIT4, file XSECTION.dat). When ACAB is going to be run for inventory calculations considering fission products, previously to run it, the user must run COLLAPS with the option ISFIS=1, since ACAB need as input the 1-group fission yield library output by COLLAPS. When the inventory of fission products is not to be computed by ACAB, the user has two options: i) to run COLLAPS with the option ISFIS=0 to obtain the 1-group cross section library XSECTION.dat; ii) run directly ACAB, since ACAB can read a library in any group structure (named XSECTION.dat) provided in EAF format. In this case, the head lines providing general library information must be removed by the user. if uncertainty mode is to be run: joint cross section and uncertainty data library (UNIT4, file XSUNC.dat). ACAB can read any of the joint uncertainty libraries output by COLLAPS: in multigroups (XSUNC.dat) or in 1-group (XSUNC_1G.dat). In the latter, the user should rename the file to XSUNC.dat. 3) 4) reaction types included in the cross section library (file REACTIONS.dat). Even running directly ACAB, the user must provide this file. 1-group fission yield cross section data or 1-group fission yield data (UNIT 96, file FYXS.dat or FY.dat) if fission mode is to be run.

When the response functions are requested, in addition to the previous libraries, ACAB makes use of other data libraries corresponding to: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) decay energy data (file DHEAT.dat); mass attenuation coefficients (file MACOEF.dat); photon production (file PHOTON.dat); decay data (file EBEATA.dat); offsite doses per unit of activity (file OFFSIDO.dat); specific activity limits for Waste Disposal Ratings (file WD.dat); damage cross sections (file DAMAGE.dat); commitment effective dose equivalent (file EAF_HAZ.dat); data to compute neutron emission by (alpha,n) reactions and spontaneous fission (files IALPHA.dat, ISF.dat, EAF_STOP_ALP.dat, EAF_XN_AN.dat)

41

inp.5 DECAY.dat REACTIONS.dat XSECTION.dat (if


IUNC=0)

input file

user PROCDECAY COLLAPS

decay library with natural isotopic abundance

reaction types included in the collapsed 1-group cross section library

or XSUNC.dat (if IUNC=1)

cross section library, in 1-group ( COLLAPS) or in any group structure in EAF format (the head lines of the library should be removed) joint cross section and uncertainty data library COLLAPS (XSNUC.dat if in multigroups or XSUNC_1g.dat if in 1-group)

Only if fission mode, IGFP=1

FY.dat

(if IFORT96=0)

1-group fission yield library

COLLAPS COLLAPS

or FYXS.dat (if IFORT96=1)

1-group fission yield cross section library

ACAB

fort.6 fort.38
Only if uncertainty mode, IUNC=1

output file to store concentrations with the restart option

concentration.mon activity.mon

binary file with concentration uncertainty information binary file with activity uncertainty information

PROCUNACAB

PROCUNACAB

Figure IV.1. ACAB flowchart for inventory calculations.

42

inp.5 DECAY.dat REACTIONS.dat

input file

user PROCDECAY COLLAPS

decay library with natural isotopic abundance

reaction types included in the collapsed 1-group cross section library cross section library joint cross section and uncertainty data library COLLAPS

XSECTION.dat (if IUNC=0) or XSUNC.dat (if IUNC=1)


Only if fission mode, IGFP=1

FY.dat (if IFORT96=0) or FYXS.dat (if IFORT96=1) DHEAT.dat MACOEF.dat PHOTON.dat EBEATA.dat OFFSIDO.dat WD.dat DAMAGE.dat EAF_HAZ.dat

1-group fission yield library COLLAPS 1-group fission yield cross section library PROCDECAY

COLLAPS

(if IDHEAT=1) decay heat library (if IDOSE=1)

mass attenuation coefficient library PROCDECAY PROCDECAY

(if IDOSE=1) photon library

(if IDOSE=1) beta decay library

(if IOFFSD=N, N>0) dose functions for the N distances from discharge point (if IWDR=1) specific activity limits data (if IDAMAGE=1) 1-group collapsed damage cross section library (if ICEDE=1) commitment effective dose equivalent data COLLAPS

EAF-2007, EAF-2007,

EAF_STOP_ALP.dat (if INEMISS=1) differential ranges library for particles EAF_XN_AN.dat IALPHA.dat ISF.dat (if INEMISS=1) (,n) cross section data (if INEMISS=1) alpha decay library EAF-2007, PROCDECAY

(if INEMISS=1) spontaneous fission decay library

PROCDECAY

ACAB
fort.6 fort.38 output file to store concentrations with the restart option

Only if uncertainty mode, IUNC=1

concentration.mon activity.mon dheat.mon dose.mon wdr.mon dpa. mon ing.mon inh.mon nemissa. mon nemissf. mon

binary file with concentration uncertainty information binary file with activity uncertainty information (if IDHEAT=1) (if IDOSE=1) (if IWDR=1)

PROCACAB

PROCACAB PROCACAB PROCACAB PROCACAB PROCACAB PROCACAB PROCACAB PROCACAB PROCACAB

binary file with decay heat information

binary file with dose uncertainty information waste disposal ratings uncertainty information binary file with dpa uncertainty information

(if IDAMAGE=1) (if ICEDE=1) (if ICEDE=1) (if INEMISS=1) (if INEMISS=1)

radiotoxicity by ingestion uncertainty information radiotoxicity by inhalation uncertainty information neutron emission by (a,n) uncertainty information

neutron emission by spont. fission uncertainty information

Figure IV.2. ACAB flowchart for inventory and response function calculations.
43

Decay library (DECAY.dat) Only isotopes that are included in this decay library may be generated in ACAB calculations. An utility program (PROCDECAY) is used to read the decay data basic library (DBL.dat), and a file with information for natural isotopic abundance (Nuclear Wallet Cards, July 1995)[Tuli, 1995] in order to create the library for use with ACAB, DECAY.dat, UNIT3. The decay library contains the different modes of decay that proceed from ground, 1st and 2nd isomeric states, including transitions from the 2nd to 1st isomeric states. Also possible are + and - transitions to excited states. This library has a title card that is followed by two lines of data for each isotope. These lines are formatted and contain the following information: Line #1: # 1 2 (format is I4, I8, I3, 4X, 6E10.3) Parameter NLB NUCL Description Library identifier. Isotope identifier. (= Z 104 + A 10 + M). Z = atomic number; A = mass number; M = isomeric state (0 for ground state, 1 for 1st isomer, 2 for 2nd isomer). Units of the half-life: 1 Seconds 2 Minutes 3 Hours 4 Days 5 Years 6 Stable 7 103 years 8 106 years 9 109 years Half-life. Fraction of - transitions to an excited state. Fraction of transitions by positron emission and electron capture. Fraction of + and electron capture transitions that result in a product in an excited state. Fraction of transitions. Fraction of isomeric transitions to the ground state.

IU

4 5 6 7 8 9 Line #2: # 1 2

THALF FBX FPEC FPECX FA FIT

(format is I4, 5X, 4E10.3,1E11.4,2E10.3) Parameter NLB FB Description Library identifier. Fraction of - transitions.
44

3 4 5 6 7 8

FSF FN QREC ABUN ARCG WRCG

Fraction of transitions from the 2nd to 1st isomeric state. Fraction of ( + n) transitions. Average energy of the emitted + + (MeV). Natural isotopic abundance. No effect. No effect.

If multiple particles are present, some additional parameters are added in Line#2: 9 IMULT Number of multiple type of decay reactions. ( Branching (I), RTYPE(I), RFS(I), I=1, IMULT ) Branching (I) Fraction of multiple decay reaction. RTYPE(I) Decay Transition (1=, 2 =CE, 3=IT, 4=, 5=n, 7=p). RFS(I) Isomeric state (1=ground, 2=1st isomeric, ).

Example 1:
1 30080 1 8.38E-01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1 0.00E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 9.363E+00 0.00 1.0E+00 1.0E+00 1 1.0 1.4 1.0

This example gives information for 8Li multiple decay transition . It shows that the halflife is 0.038 seconds, that 100% of the "-+" transition go to the ground. The average energy of + + is 9.363 MeV per disintegration. Example 2:
1 771922 1 7.600E+09 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 1.000E+00 1 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 1.610E-01 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00

This example gives decay information for 192nIr. It shows that the half-life is 7.6 109 seconds = 241 years, that 100% of the isomeric transitions go to the ground state, and that the average energy of + + is 0.161 MeV per disintegration.

Nuclear reaction types library (REACTIONS.dat) The information about the different type of reactions included in the cross section library is given here. ACAB needs this file to identify each reaction and predict the resulting isotope and emerging particles. Line #1 # 1

Parameter NTOT

Description Total number of reactions.

45

Line #2 ITYP REAC NUCAL IPART, (NUM_PART(I), ICOD_PART(I), I=1, IPART) ITYP REAC NUCAL Code number used in EAF library to identify the reaction. Character code. Code value to predict the resulting isotope (NUCL+NUCAL) in this reaction. IPART Number of emerging particles. NUM_PART(I) Total number of particles. ICOD_PART(I) Code number of the new particle (10=neutron, 10020=deuterium, ). Extract of the first lines of REACTIONS.dat from EAF-2007 neutron cross section library: 250 40 41 42 110 111 112 160 161 162 170 (N,N-g) (N,N-m) (N,N-s) (N,2ND-g) (N,2ND-m) (N,2ND-s) (N,2N-g) (N,2N-m) (N,2N-s) (N,3N-g) 0 1 2 -10030 -10029 -10028 -10 -9 -8 -20 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 10 10 10 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 10 10 10

10020 10020 10020

Extract of the first lines of REACTIONS.dat from EAF-2007 proton cross section library: 248 40 41 42 110 111 112 160 161 162 170 (P,N-g) (P,N-m) (P,N-s) (P,2ND-g) (P,2ND-m) (P,2ND-s) (P,2N-g) (P,2N-m) (P,2N-s) (P,3N-g) 10000 10001 10002 -30 -29 -28 9990 9991 9992 9980 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 10 10 10 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 10 10 10

10020 10020 10020

Cross section library (XSECTION.dat) ACAB uses multigroup cross-section data obtained from a pointwise activation cross section library (e.g. FENDL/A-2.0, EAF_XS-2005, EAF_N_XS-2007, ).

46

ACAB can be used with any group structure as long as the cross sections and fluxes use the same structure. The multigroup cross section library should be in EAF format and the head lines of the library (descriptive information) should be removed. When this is not possible, one can use the COLLAPS code (see section III) to generate 1group cross sections and a 1-group flux from an arbitrary group structure for the neutron spectrum and one of the existing multigroup versions of the cross section basic library (file XSBL.dat). ACAB reads the cross section library from a file named XSECTION.dat, UNIT4. For each reaction, there are four lines of formatted data that contain the following information: Line #1: # 1 2 3 (format is I7, 2I5, 3X, A52) Parameter MAT MT MAXG Description Nuclide identifier that is composed in the same manner as NUCLI (see decay library above) Reaction identification number Number of group cross sections that follow for the MT reaction on the MAT target.

Lines #2 and #3 contain alphanumeric text that provides information about the source of the cross section data. The format for these lines is A80. Line #4: # 1 (format is 6E12.5) Parameter XSEC Description Group cross section values in order of decreasing energy. [MAXG].

Example:
260540 1030 JENDL-3.2/A 1.44243E-01 3.32740E-01 5.17509E-01 5.29970E-01 5.05856E-01 4.20320E-01 1.80842E-01 5.57254E-02 2.66249E-02 1.83925E-03 2.72320E-04 64 FE 54 (N,P )MN 54 1.0000+00*

1.78388E-01 3.59740E-01 5.33006E-01 5.29969E-01 5.00722E-01 3.85977E-01 1.50903E-01 5.15133E-02 1.93511E-02 9.17771E-04 1.08842E-04

1.93273E-01 3.88597E-01 5.38475E-01 5.29247E-01 4.99981E-01 3.53527E-01 1.24257E-01 4.98545E-02 1.40036E-02 7.75506E-04 1.61658E-07

2.17498E-01 4.20519E-01 5.32787E-01 5.25649E-01 4.94351E-01 3.01523E-01 1.01958E-01 4.74010E-02 8.98573E-03 6.40134E-04 0.00000E+00

2.77143E-01 4.67806E-01 5.29980E-01 5.21871E-01 4.77434E-01 2.50248E-01 8.28641E-02 4.25914E-02 5.83579E-03 5.11356E-04

3.05415E-01 4.90825E-01 5.29970E-01 5.14627E-01 4.51470E-01 2.20914E-01 6.59863E-02 3.51130E-02 3.78654E-03 3.88892E-04

47

This example contains the cross section data for the 54Fe (n,p) 54Mn reaction. The first line provides header information that gives the target atom, the reaction number, the number of cross sections that follow, and the reaction name. The second and third lines are used for general/comment information. Beginning with the fourth line, the reaction cross sections are given in order of decreasing neutron energy. This reaction is a threshold reaction, cross sections are given in 64 groups. Joint cross section and uncertainty data library (XSUNC.dat) This collapsed library is produced by means of the COLLAPS code by collapsing both the multigroup cross section uncertainty basic library, UNCBL.dat, and the corresponding multigroup cross section basic library, XSBL.dat, with a particular neutron spectrum (e.g. EAF/UN-2007 and EAF-2007 or FENDL UN/A-2.0 and FENDL/A-2.0, ). The library contains data of the effective cross sections and of variances 2 for each energy region considered in the uncertainty library for all reactions included in the corresponding standard cross section library. For example, in EAF_UN-2007, for threshold reactions, one or two energy regions are considered; consequently, only one or two values of the cross section and 2 are provided in the collapsed library. For non-threshold reactions, values of uncertainties are given for four regions, so four values of cross sections and four values of 2 are provided in the collapsed library. ACAB reads the joint library from the file named XSUNC.dat. For each reaction, there are four lines of formatted data that contain the following information: Line #1: # 1 2 3 (format is I7, 2I5, 3X, A52) Parameter MAT MT MAXG Description Nuclide identifier that is composed in the same manner as NUCLI (see decay library section). Reaction identification number Number of energy regions. MAXG values for cross sections as well as for uncertainties are provided. for the MT reaction on the MAT target.

Lines #2 and #3 contain alphanumeric text that provides information about the source of the cross section data. The format for these lines is A80. Line #4: # 1 (format is (XSEC(IG), IG=1, MAXG), (VAR(IG), IG=1, MAXG) 6E12.5) Parameter Description XSEC, VAR Effective cross-section and 2 values in order of decreasing energy. [MAXG].
48

Example:
260560 1020 ENDF/B-VI 3 FE 56 (N,G )FE 57 1.0000+00*

4.59714E-04 7.29385E-03 3.25771E-01 2.50000E-01 2.04200E-02 2.92680E-03

This example contains the cross section and the cross section uncertainty values for the 56Fe (n,g) 57Fe reaction. The first line provides header information that gives the target atom, the reaction number, the number of cross sections and 2 values that follow, and the reaction name. The second and third lines are used for general/comment information. Beginning with the fourth line, the reaction cross sections and uncertainties values are given in order of decreasing neutron energy. This reaction is a non-threshold reaction, consequently values are given for three energy ranges. The first three values correspond to the cross sections and the last three values correspond to the variances. Example:
260560 ADL-3 160 1 FE 56 (N,2N )FE 55 1.0000+00*

7.46724E-06 8.10000E-03

Cross sections and uncertainties are provided for the 56Fe (n, 2n) 55Fe reaction. Since this is a threshold reaction, values are given for only one energy region. Fission yield cross-section library (FYXS.dat) or fission yield library (FY.dat) These libraries are produced by means of the COLLAPS code by collapsing of the fission yield basic library (FYBL.dat) with a particular neutron spectrum. Data for the nuclides with no fission yield data in FYBL.dat, but having fission cross sections in the multigroup cross section basic library (XSBL.dat) are also computed by COLLAPS (this is done by means of an additional file, eaf_asscfy.dat). The resulting one-group fission yields cross-sections are read by ACAB from the file named FYXS.dat, UNIT 96. For each fission product, the effective fission yield cross sections coming from every fissionable nuclide are provided. The information is given in increasing order of the Nuclide Identifier (that is 10000*Z+10*A+IS) of the fission product. Line #1: # 1 Line #2: # (format is E11.6) Parameter Description INUC Nuclide identifier of the fission product (format is 6E11.6) Parameter Description

49

FISYI

One-group fission yield cross section from every fissionable nuclide (19 fissionable nuclides in JEF-2.2, 61 in FENDL/A-2.0, 90 in EAF-2005, 102 in EAF-2007).

Example:
.551370E+06 .103820E-04 .103818E-04 .561259E-02 .532231E-02 .445327E+00 .899685E-04 .139938E+00 .189664E-02 .928013E-02 .144248E-01 .499377E-02 .103820E-04 .104441E-04 .962220E-05 .166427E+01 .394384E+00 .946324E-05 .479323E-02 .700433E-01 .605784E+00 .110554E+01 .393831E-04 .232205E-01 .347454E-02 .299527E-02 .708521E+00 .174368E+00 .204057E+00 .174465E-03 .187479E+01 .882788E-02 .104441E-04 .133648E-05 .524137E-05 .602248E+00 .196313E-02 .217655E-02 .131276E+01 .384682E-02 .950318E-03 .473461E+00 .356798E 03 .699734E-02 .185700E-03 .320838E-02 .173497E+00 .482195E+00 .252521E-01 .497528E-02 .286936E-01 .247719E-02 .127678E-06 .786051E-05 .133186E+01 .304851E+01 .285659E-03 .124616E-02 .273775E+00 .203873E+01 .192052E+01 .813901E-01

This example contains the one-group fission yield cross sections for Cs-137 coming from all the fissionable nuclides (61) included in FENDL/A-2.0. The one-group fission yield library FY.dat has the same structure/format that the one-group fission yields cross-section library. Decay heat library (DHEAT.dat) This library provides, for each nuclide, information used by ACAB to compute decay heat. The average decay energy per disintegration for different radiation types is provided. It has been obtained after processing of the decay data basic library (DBL.dat) by PROCDECAY. For each nuclide, the library DHEAT.dat contains two cards of formatted data with the following information: Card #1: # 1 2 (format is I7, 10X, A8) Parameter NUDHL SYMBOL Description Nuclide identifier. Chemical symbol and mass number of the nuclide. It is only used for information purposes, not in ACAB processing tasks.

Card #2: # 1

(format is ( 4(2X, E11.5) ) Parameter BETAE Description Average energy per decay (MeV) available to the decay heat problem of all electron-related radiation. Radiation such as -,

50

GAMMAE

ALPHAE

THEAT

+, conversion-electrons, Auger, etc., is considered. Average energy per decay (MeV) available to the decay heat problem of all electromagnetic radiation. Radiation types such as gamma rays, x-rays, and annihilation radiation are considered. Average energy per decay (MeV) available to the decay heat problem of all heavy charged particles (the recoil energy is included) and delayed neutrons. Total average energy per decay (MeV) available to the decay heat problem (neutrino energies are excluded) of all radiation types. The sum of the tree quantities BETAE+ GAMMAE+ ALPHAE is equal to THEAT.

Example:
781860 0.18500E-01 PT186 0.65200E+00 0.59200E-05 0.67051E+00

This example gives decay heat information 186Pt. It shows that the average energy to be considered in decay heat applications is 0.67051 MeV per disintegration. The contribution to this value of electron-related radiation, electromagnetic radiation, and heavy charged particles is 2.759 %, 97.24 %, and 8.8e-04 %, respectively. Mass attenuation coefficient library (MACOEF.dat) Mass attenuation coefficients are read from this library. The data used in some previous versions of ACAB were those recompiled and calculated by Hubble[Hubble, 1982]. Those data are given in 35 energy groups that range from 1.0 1.5 keV to 15 20 MeV. That mass attenuation file contains data for 40 elements with atomic numbers as low as hydrogen (1) and as high as uranium (92). The mass attenuation coefficients are given in units of m2/kg. For the current version of ACAB instead of using the former data for only 40 selected elements, all 92 elements are included. Data are given in the former 35-group structure. Mass attenuation coefficients in any arbitrary group structure can be generated with the program XCOM and the current associated database [Berger and Hubbell, 1987] [Hubbell and Seltzer, 1995]. Line #1: # 1 Line #2: (format is (ENERG(N), N=1,35) 8(E8.3,1X) ) Parameter ENERG Description Energy values (eV) in order of decreasing energy.

(format is A2,I3)

51

# 1 2 Line #3: # 1

Parameter EL Z

Description Chemical symbol of the element. Atomic number.

(format is (COEF(N), N=1,35) 8(E8.3,1X) ) Parameter COEF Description Attenuation coefficients at the tabulated energies (m2/kg).

Example:
PB 82 6.205E-3 4.234E-3 2.323E-2 6.205E-3 8.041E-1 4.672E+1 5.658E-3 4.607E-3 4.026E-2 5.658E-3 1.436E+0 7.304E+1 4.972E-3 5.222E-3 9.985E-2 4.972E-3 3.032E+0 1.251E+2 4.675E-3 7.103E-3 2.014E-1 4.675E-3 8.636E+0 1.965E+2 4.391E-3 8.869E-3 5.550E-1 4.391E-3 1.116E+1 1.285E+2 4.272E-3 1.248E-2 2.419E-1 4.272E-3 1.306E+1 2.356E+2 4.197E-3 1.613E-2 5.020E-1 4.197E-3 2.287E+1 5.210E+2

Photon library (PHOTON.dat) The photon library consists of data from the decay data basic library (DBL.dat). An utility program (PROCDECAY) is used to extract the photon information from this library for use with ACAB. The photon library contains two lines per isotope with the following information: Line #1: # 1 2 3 4 5 Line #2: # 1 2 (format is I3, A4, I3, A1, 4X, I5) Parameter Z SYMBOL A STATE NR Description Atomic number. Chemical symbol of the nuclide. Mass number. Internal state (blank for ground state, M for 1stisomer, N for 2nd isomer). Number of energy/photon intensity points that follow.

(format is (ENER(N), INTS(N), N=1,NR) 6E11.4) Parameter ENER INTS Description Photon energy (MeV). Values are given in order of increasing energy. Number of photons of that energy emitted per 100 disintegrations.

Example:
52

11 NA 24 6 9.9800E-01 9.5000E-04 1.3686E+00 9.9999E+01 2.7540E+00 9.9944E+01 2.8700E+00 2.0000E-04 3.8672E+00 5.2000E-02 4.2380E+00 7.5000E-04

This example gives 6 photon yields for 24Na. The data shows that nearly 100 photons at 1.37 MeV, 100 photons at 2.75 MeV and 0.05 photons at 3.87 MeV are emitted per 100 24Na disintegrations. Photons are produced at other energies but at rates of less than 1 per 105 disintegrations. decay library (EBEATA.dat) This library gives the average energy per -decay and the fraction of disintegrations that occur via - decay for each isotope. This information is derived from the decay data basic library (DBL.dat) using the PROCDECAY code and is used to calculate the Bremsstrahlung dose rates. EBEATA.dat contains two lines per isotope: Card #1: # 1 Card #2: # 1 2 Example:
60140 4.94750E+04 1.00000E+00

(format is I7) Parameter ISOT Description Isotope identifier.

(format is 2(1PE12.5)) Parameter EBETA FBETA Description Average energy per - decay [eV]. Fraction of disintegrations via -.

This example gives the -decay information for 14C. The average energy of particles is approximately 49.5 keV and -decay occurs for 100% of the disintegrations. WDR library (WD.dat) This library contains the specific activity limits for Class C waste disposal. These limits are maximum concentrations allowed in Ci/m3 for the waste to be eligible for shallow land burial. The limits used by ACAB are those calculated by Fetter, Cheng, and Mann[Fetter et al., 1990]. For each nuclide there is one card of formatted data containing the following information:

53

Card #1: # 1 2 Example:


130260

(format is I6, 2X, E9.4) Parameter ISOT XL Description Nuclide identifier. Specific activity limit (Ci/m3).

9.0000E-2

This example gives the specific activity limit for 26Al as 0.09 Ci/m3. That is, radioactive waste that contains only 26Al at a concentration of less than 0.09 Ci/m3 would be eligible for near-surface land disposal as Class C waste. Offsite dose library (OFFSIDO.dat) This library provides, for each radionuclide, doses (5 different types) that are due to the release of 1 Bq of the radionuclide. The first three dose-types of the library are used by ACAB to compute immediate somatic effects (specifically early fatalities). These three types are doses to the red bone marrow, the lung, and the gastrointestinal track of the Most Exposed Individual (MEI). The last two dose-types included in the library allow ACAB to compute delayed somatic effects (specifically cancers). These two types are the committed effective dose equivalent (CEDE) to the MEI in both without and withrelocation scenarios. Doses are given for twenty different distances from the release point, ranging from 1 to 95 km, and with associated radial intervals going from .95 to 100 km (see Table IV.1). Release conditions and exposure scenario should be characterized for each type of the doses included in the library. The first tree type of doses can be defined as 1-year EDE commitment in a scenario characterized by submersion, inhalation, one week of external ground exposure, and one week of inhalation of resuspended material. The forth dose-type can be defined as a 50-year EDE commitment in a no-relocation scenario. Submersion, inhalation and ingestion are considered. The fifth dose-type can be defined as a 50-year EDE commitment in a scenario with relocation (occurring 7 days after the accident). Submersion, inhalation, one week of external ground exposure, and one week of inhalation of resuspended material are assumed. The release and atmospheric conditions for the five dose-types assume acute air release, ground level release, F2 weather conditions, and a wind speed of 1 m/s. Shielding factors have not been applied. The current library contains data for 266 radionuclides. The MACCS code and the associated libraries [Chanin and Young, 1997] have been used to generate data for 246 nuclides. Data for the rest 20 nuclides have been produced by means of the MACCS
54

code, and creating appropriate libraries. ACAB reads the offsite dose library - doses per unit activity (Sv/Bq), from file named OFFSIDO.dat. For each nuclide there are 6 cards of formatted data containing the following information: Card #1: # 1 2 (format is I7, 10X, A8) Parameter NUOSDL SYMBOL Description Nuclide identifier. Chemical symbol and mass number of the nuclide. It is only used for information purposes, not in ACAB processing tasks.

Card #2: # 1

(format is (DRBM(N), N=1,NR) 8E10.4) Parameter DRBM Description Dose per unit release-activity to the red bone marrow of the MEI (Sv/Bq).

Card #3: # 1 Card #4: # 1

(format is (DLUNG(N), N=1,NR) 8E10.4) Parameter DLUNG Description Dose per unit release-activity to the lung of the MEI (Sv/Bq).

(format is (DGIT(N), N=1,NR) 8E10.4) Parameter DGIT Description Dose per unit release-activity to the gastrointestinal tract of the MEI (Sv/Bq).

Card #5: # 1

(format is (EDENE(N), N=1,NR) 8E10.4) Parameter EDENE Description Effective dose equivalent per unit release-activity to the to the MEI when a no relocation scenario is considered (Sv/Bq).

Card #6: # 1

(format is (EDEWE(N), N=1,NR) 8E10.4) Parameter EDEWE Description Effective dose equivalent per unit release-activity to the to the MEI when relocation is considered (Sv/Bq).

Example:
55

270600 3.989E-16 2.994E-17 9.018E-19 5.634E-16 4.211E-17 1.248E-18 4.505E-16 3.371E-17 1.005E-18 3.32E-14 1.50E-15 3.63E-17 3.254E-15 2.412E-16 6.929E-18

Co-60 2.734E-16 1.597E-16 2.530E-17 2.324E-17 7.059E-19 5.703E-19 3.859E-16 2.252E-16 3.558E-17 3.267E-17 9.768E-19 7.892E-19 3.086E-16 1.801E-16 2.849E-17 2.616E-17 7.865E-19 6.355E-19 1.97E-14 1.00E-14 1.25E-15 1.14E-15 2.81E-17 2.24E-17 2.226E-15 1.297E-15 2.037E-16 1.870E-16 5.422E-18 4.380E-18

1.054E-16 1.233E-17 4.711E-19 1.486E-16 1.732E-17 6.518E-19 1.189E-16 1.387E-17 5.249E-19 6.07E-15 5.73E-16 1.84E-17 8.546E-16 9.904E-17 3.617E-18

7.553E-17 5.712E-17 4.483E-17 3.622E-17 5.051E-18 2.740E-18 1.731E-18 1.207E-18 1.064E-16 8.040E-17 6.308E-17 5.095E-17 7.074E-18 3.805E-18 2.395E-18 1.671E-18 8.513E-17 6.435E-17 5.050E-17 4.079E-17 5.673E-18 3.060E-18 1.929E-18 1.345E-18 4.16E-15 2.23E-16 3.04E-15 1.17E-16 2.33E-15 7.19E-17 1.84E-15 4.93E-17

6.111E-16 4.613E-16 3.618E-16 2.921E-16 4.020E-17 2.127E-17 1.330E-17 9.277E-18

This example gives dose information corresponding to the liberation of 1 Bq of for the 20 different distances listed in Table IV.1. Taken as an example a distance from the discharge point of 1 km, the dose to the bone marrow of the MEI is 3.989E-16 Sv. If the distance is 95 km the dose is 4.711E-19 Sv. The doses to the lung at distances of 1 and 95 km are 5.634E-16 and 6.518E-19 respectively. Doses to the gastrointestinal tract to the same distances are 4.505E-16 and 5.249E-19 Sv. For the last two blocks of information (corresponding to the last dose-types), it is shown that the EDE to the MEI at the same distances than above, turns out to be 3.32E-14 and 1.84E-17 Sv in a no-relocation scenario, and 3.254E-15 and 3.617E-18 Sv if relocation is considered.
60Co,

Table IV.1. Distances (radii) from release point considered in the offsite dose library. Also radial intervals for ACAB calculations of collective dose, early fatalities, and cancer fatalities, are listed Radii (km) 1.0 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10 15 25 35 45
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Radial interval (km) 0.95 - 1.05 1.05 - 2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9 - 9.95 9.95 -10.05 10.05 - 20 20 - 30 30 - 40 40 - 50

16 17 18 19 20

55 65 75 85 95

50 - 60 60 - 70 70 - 80 80 - 90 90 -100

Damage data library (DAMAGE.dat) The damage data library consists of data from the multigroup damage neutron basic library[Cabellos, 2007]. The COLLAPS code is used to collaps the damage cross section into a single group for use with ACAB. The information in the collapsed damage library is given here (only one line per isotope). # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Parameter ISOT XSD Ed PH1 PH2 PH3 PHe3 PHe4 Description Isotope or element. Collapsed damage cross section in one group (eV-barn). Threshold displacement energy (eV). Hydrogen production cross section (barn). Deuterium production cross section (barn). Tritium production cross section (barn). He3 production cross section (barn). He4 production cross section (barn).

Extract of the DAMAGE.dat file:


230000 1.18E+05 5.70E+01 1.17E-02 9.73E-04 4.84E-05 6.89E-08 2.42E-03 240500 1.42E+05 4.00E+01 2.13E-01 4.24E-03 1.52E-04 0.00E+00 2.60E-02 240520 1.37E+05 4.00E+01 4.53E-02 2.61E-03 1.28E-04 0.00E+00 7.22E-03

Commitment effective dose equivalent library (EAF_HAZ.dat) The dose coefficients to determine the dose received by a man over his lifetime (50 years) following the ingestion or inhalation of 1 Bq of activity of a particular radionuclide are assembled in this library. Those coefficients are called Committed Effective Dose Equivalent (or CEDE) by ingestion or inhalation. The library is directly taken from the EAF data basic libraries. The library contains one line per isotope: Line #1: # 1 2 (format is A7, I7, E11.1, 5X, E11.1) Parameter Comment NUCLI Description Character isotope identifier. Isotope identifier.

57

3 4

CCING CCINH

CEDE by ingestion in [Sv/Bq]. CEDE by inhalation in [Sv/Bq].

Alpha decay library (IALPHA.dat) This library contains information about the alpha emissor nuclides. An utility program (PROCDECAY) is used to extract that information from the decay data basic library (DBL.dat) for use with ACAB. The library contains two lines per isotope: Line #1: # 1 2 (format is I8, I3) Parameter NUCLI NAL Description Isotope identifier. Number of different possible -particle energies emitted. in the alpha decay.

Line #2: # 1 2

(format is (EAL(L), FAL(L), L=1,NAL) 6(1PE11.4) ) Parameter EAL FAL Description Energy of the emitted -particle. Branching of all decays of the nuclide resulting in the emission of an -particle of energy EAL.

Spontaneous fission neutron library (ISF.dat) This library contains spontaneous fission (SF) data for all the nuclides with spontaneous fission decay in the the decay data basic library (DBL.dat). An utility program (PROCDECAY) is used to extract that information from this library for use with ACAB. The library contains one line per isotope: Line #1: # 1 2 3 (format is I8, 1PE11.4, 1PE11.4) Parameter NUCLI BFSF BARNEUT Description Isotope identifier. Spontaneous fission (SF) branching fraction. Average number of SF neutrons emitted per SF of the nuclide. In no data is contained in the DECAY library, this parameter should be filled by hand.

Differential ranges library for alpha particles (EAF_STOP_ALP.dat) The differential ranges for alpha particles in all the elements from H to U are given in this library, directly taken from the EAF data basic libraries. The term differential range at a particular energy defines the distance travelled by the particle in the material in loosing 1 MeV of
58

energy. Data are given in [cm/MeV] from 0 to 60 MeV. Starting from the differential ranges, the stopping power cross sections are constructed in ACAB. The library contains 2 lines per isotope: Line #1: # 1 Line #2: # 1 (format is I7) Parameter NUCLI Description Isotope identifier.

(format is (DIFRAN(L), L=1,60) 10E12.4 ) Parameter DIFRAN Description Differential range of -particles in the material having initial energies between [L-1] and [L] MeV.

Cross section library for (alpha,n) reactions (EAF_XN_AN.dat) This library, directly taken from the EAF data basic libraries, contains the (,n) cross sections on 775 targets. The data [in barn] are given at 1 MeV intervals over the energy range 0-60 MeV. The library contains 3 lines per isotope: Line #1: # 1 2 (format is I9, I2) Parameter NUCLI IC Description Isotope identifier. Identification number of the isomeric state of the (,n). reaction product (0 for ground state, 1 for 1st isomer). The sum is the total cross section. If IC = 9, only the total cross section is given.

Line #2: # 1 Line #3: # 1 Parameter comment Description Origin of the cross section evaluation.

(format is (ANXS(L), L=1,60) 10E12.4 ) Parameter ANXS Description Total cross section value (barns) for an -particle with energy between [L-1] and [L] MeV.

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60

V. Input Description
An ACAB run is specified by means of the INPUT file. In the current version of the ACAB code, the input data are read in FORTRAN free format. This version is fully portable to all computers. ACAB input data is structured in data blocks, each one containing interrelated data. The input file consists of Blocks #1, #2, , #14. Each block may consist of one or more cards. The word card is used to describe a single line of input with one or more parameters. Comments may be included throughout an ACAB input file. The comments must be denoted by the symbol < in the first column of any card (line). A comment card can only be provided in front of a numerical card. It can have any arbitrary length. In addition you can make comments at the end of any numerical card. Some of the conventions used throughout the input description that follows is the use of numbers in [ ] for dimensions of the vector or matrix being described. Expressions in { } represent conditions that must be fulfilled in order to correctly enter input. Recommended values for input are specified in ( ). First versions of the ACAB code used the FIDO free format to read some input data. The blocks read in FIDO free format were #1, #2, #3, #5, #6, #7, #8 and #9. In these FIDO format blocks, all cards starting with number$$ accepted integer values, and those starting with number** required floating point values. Any FIDO format block ended with a T. Comments were denoted by a single quote () in the first column of any line. This version was computer-dependent. The FORTRAN input file in the current version differs from the FIDO/FORTRAN input file in only two aspects: The number$$ or the number** starting all the FIDO cards in the FIDO/FORTRAN file must not appear, and the T signaling termination of a FIDO block must also not appear. Thus, if an user wants to turn a a FIDO/FORTRAN input file into a FORTRAN input file, he/she needs only delete all the number$$, number**, and T appearing in the FIDO/FORTRAN file. We will now go through the ACAB input one block at a time. For each card, an example will be given.

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A. Block #1: The block #1 consists of three cards: card #1 (80 character format), card #2 (1 parameter in integer free-format), and card #3 (17 integer parameters in freeformat). Card #1: The ACAB input file begins with a title card that gives a general description of the calculation being performed. This card may contain character information and be up to 80 characters in length. Example:
Activation of alumina first wall coating on NIF - single, 20 MJ yield

Card #2: It is used to define if the run is aimed to compute inventory and activation related responses, or to compute uncertainties in the activation calculations due to the uncertainties in the activation cross sections by means of a Monte Carlo approach. If the uncertainty mode is activated, a group of cards (within the last block of the input, block #14) should be given, and the output will be only control by this block. Otherwise the output will be control by different parameters appearing along the input as well as by the output-controlling block #13. This card contains one integer parameter [1]. # 1 Parameter Description IUNC Mode of operation: option for uncertainty calculations. 0 Address the activation problem, but without uncertainties calculations. 1 Address the problem of computing uncertainties in the activation calculations. Block #14 must be given.

Card #3: This is a catch-all that gives much of the general information about what type of calculation is being performed. It contains all integer parameters [21]. # 1 2 Parameter Description ITMAX Number of nuclides in the decay data library. IZMAX Number of nonzero elements in the Transition Matrix ( ITMAX average number of nuclear processes for each nuclide 250000, when fission products are not considered. When they are considered, IZMAX should be 800000). MPCTAB Output option: 0 No effect. 1 Print radioactive concentration guides and must be

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IR

JTO

NTABLE

MSTAR

INPT

INFD

10 11

NOGG NGRP

specified to perform calculation of biological hazard potentials (see JTO). Output option: 0 No effect. 1 Print all elements of the Transition Matrix. Output option (see Table V.1): 0 Print all available tables for all isotopes, elements, and most important isotopes for post-irradiation periods. BHPs are provided only if MPCTAB=1. If NTABLE=1, only tables for the most important isotopes are printed. 1 Only selected output tables are printed. Tables are selected using the 8 card of block #2. Output option: 0 No effect. Tables for all isotopes are provided. 1 Only output tables for most important isotopes. No tables for all isotopes, and no tables for elements. Cutoff points are selected using MSTAR and CUTOFF (card #7 of block #2). Timestep used to select the most important isotopes. This timestep is chosen from the post-irradiation periods. Only isotopes with values greater than the thresholds given in CUTOFF are printed. Note: If NTABLE = 0, MSTAR has no effect. Input option (see NUCZO on card #4 of block #2, and block #5). No effect if activated the restart option (see block #4): 1 Read initial concentrations as elements. 2 Read initial concentrations as isotopes. 3 Read initial concentrations as elements in g/cc. Input option (see ISOZO on card #5 of block #2, and block #6): 0 No effect. 1 Read continuous feed data for elements. 2 Read continuous feed data for isotopes. Number of energy groups for gammas emitted by decay. Number of energy groups for neutrons (protons or deuterons) (see block #3). If IUNC=0 and IGFP=1 (computing of fission product inventory, see block #10), NGRP must be 1. If IUNC=0 and IGFP=0, the user can choice the number of energy groups according with the cross section library provided. If IUNC=1, the collapsed cross section & uncertainty data library (XSUNC.dat file) should be used, and NGRP must be set to 1.

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12

IGRP

13

IGE

14 15 16 17

IZM IM JM IFLU

18

IPRT

19

ILIB

20

IRAD

21

IPUN

Number of energy groups for gammas used in previous transport calculations. IGRP will be nonzero only when flux files obtained from coupled neutron-gamma transport calculations are provided (see block #3). The current version does not include this capacity. Type of geometry: One-dimensional: 1 planar 2 cylindrical 3 spherical Two-dimensional: 1 x-y 2 r-z 3 r- Three dimensional (coupling to Monte Carlo transport codes): 4 It is recommended for flux spatial distributions from Monte Carlo neutron transport codes. Number of material zones. Number of spatial intervals in 1-D, in 3-D, or number of 1st dimension spatial intervals in 2-D calculations. Number of 2nd dimension spatial intervals in 2-D calculations. Set to zero for 1-D or 3-D (from Monte Carlo codes) geometry. Input option: 0 No effect. 1 Flux in free format. 2 Flux in binary tape. Output option: 0 No effect. 1 Print energy-group scalar neutron fluxes. Output option (no effect in IUNC=1): 0 No effect. 1 Print photon production data per disintegration, and photon mean energy for all isotopes in NOGG-group structure. Output option (no effect in IUNC=1): 0 No effect. 1 Print concentrations (number of atoms) during irradiation times for all isotopes. Option for generation of unit 9 (no effect in IUNC=1): 0 No effect. 1 Print photon release rates (photons/cm3s) in a

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NOGG-group structure. Spatial dependence is included. This option is useful as a source term for subsequent photon transport calculations.

Example:
1373 25000 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 18 175 0 4 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0

This card indicates that there are up to 1373 isotopes in the decay library and up to 25000 nonzero elements in the Transition Matrix. The first timestep is used to determine the list of most important isotopes. Initial concentrations are read as elements. The neutron flux is in 175 groups and gammas produced by activation are to be divided into 18 groups. The geometry is 3-D from a Monte Carlo transport problem. There is one material zone that has only a single interval. The flux is given in free format, and concentrations are requested for all isotopes during the irradiation period. The additional spacing between some values is not required but helps in reading of input files.

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B. Block #2: The second input block may consist of eight cards: card #1 (XRR array, real free-format), card #2 (YZT array, real free-format), card #3 (MA array, integer freeformat), card #4 (NUCZO array, integer free-format), card #5 (ISOZO array, integer free-format), card #6 (EGRP array, real free-format), card #7 (CUTOFF array, real free-format), and card #8 (NTO array, integer free-format). This block contains detailed information about the current calculation. The user can elect to receive zonal results by solving the transmutation equations by interval or by using a spatially-averaged flux for the entire zone. The spatiallyaveraged flux, g, for a zone is defined by the following equation:

g,

g ,l Vl V
l

where: g,l is the scalar neutron flux in energy group g and interval l in zone , Vl is the volume of interval l in zone , and V is the volume of zone . Card #: Parameter Description 1 XRR Boundaries for 1st dimension intervals in cm. For 3-D (IGE = 4) configurations, this card gives the volume of each zone in cm3 and must end with an additional nonzero value. [IM + 1]. Boundaries for 2nd dimension intervals in cm. This card is omitted when 1-D or 3-D geometry is chosen by the IGE parameter. [JM + 1] {JM > 0}. Zone number identification of each spatial interval, going from left to right and bottom to top. [IM] or [IM JM]. Number of initial elements or isotopes per zone. Negative values are used when zone averaged fluxes are used. A zero (0) must be included to omit a zone. [IZM]. Number of elements or isotopes per zone for continuous feed. [IZM] {INDF > 0}. Energy boundaries for gammas produced by activation. These boundaries are given in order of decreasing energy in MeV. [NOGG + 1] {NOGG > 0}. Threshold values for different output tables. Any isotopes whose value in the timestep MSTAR falls below CUTOFF will be omitted from the corresponding output table. One threshold value must be given for each of the six types of tables. These six types of output tables are described in Table V.1 [6].

YZT

3 4

MA NUCZO

5 6

ISOZO EGRP

CUTOFF

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Note 1: If no cutoff, components of this array must set to zero. Note 2: In the first ACAB versions, 6 types of tables were used. In the current version, only the first 4 are active. The output for most of the response funtions are now controlled by block #11. 8 NTO Allows selection of desired output tables. The 18 values correspond to the 18 tables (three of each type) described in Table V.1. [18] {JTO = 1}. 0 No effect. 1 Print output table. Note: the last 6 values must be set to zero as they are not active.

Example #1:
<XRR array 1.3684E+5 1.0 <MA array 1 <NUCZO array 3 <EGRP array 11.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.7 0.45 0.3 0.15 0.1 0.07 0.045 0.03 0.02 0.0 <CUTOFF array 1.0E+0 1.0E-6 1.0E+0 1.0E-3 1.0E+0 1.0E+0 <NTO array 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

This example is for a 3-D geometry description. Only a single zone is included with a volume of 1.3684E+5 cc (a nonzero value ends the 1st card). The zone is numbered as zone #1 and three initial elements will be given. A total of 19 energies are given creating an 18-group structure for gamma-rays produced by activation. Only 2 of the 18 tables have been requested (table #4 is grams of the most important isotopes and table #7 is activity in Bq of the most important isotopes). Cutoff values have been specified for each of the table types. Example #2:
<MA array 111 2222 <NUCZO array 3 3 33 6

This example is for a case with three zones. There are three intervals in the first zone, four intervals in the second zone, and two intervals in the third zone. The transmutation equations will be solved by intervals for all three zones, because all values of NUCZO are positive. The number of nuclides or elements in each zone is 3, 3, and 6, respectively.
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Example #3:
<MA array 111 2222 <NUCZO array 3 0 33 -6

Again, three zones are included in this example. This time, the transmutation equations are solved by interval in the first zone, the second zone is ignored, and results for the third zone are calculated using a zone-averaged flux. The first zone contains three nuclides or elements and the third zone contains six. Table V.1. Type of tables that are output by ACAB Output Table # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Table Type 1 Output Quantity Output Scope all isotopes all elements most important isotopes all isotopes all elements most important isotopes all isotopes all elements most important isotopes all isotopes all elements most important isotopes all isotopes all elements most important isotopes all isotopes all elements most important isotopes

gram-atoms (moles)

mass (grams)

activity (Bq)

afterheat (W)

No effect

No effect

Note: The 12 ACAB output tables that are active in ACAB (see Table V.1) can be categorized into four types according to the quantity that is indicated (gramsatoms, mass, activity, afterheat). Each of the four types may be generated for all isotopes, all elements, and most important isotopes. Tables to be generated are specified on the card #8, block #2. If most important isotopes are to be outputted, cutoffs must be specified on the card #7, block #2. In addition to these 12 responses ACAB can provide other activity-related quantities, such as waste disposal ratings, contact dose rates, decay heat from different types of radiation, offsite doses and consequences (see block #11).

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C. Block #3: Block #3 consists of only one card (in real free-format) which inputs the energy- and spatially-dependent fluxes. Block #3 is needed only if IFLU = 1. When IUNC=1, for each spatial interval a single value corresponding to the total energyintegrated neutron flux must be given. Card #1: # 1 Parameter Description FLUX Multigroup scalar fluxes of neutrons (or protons) and gammas (n/cm2s). [(NGRP + IGRP) IM] for JM = 0, or [(NGRP + IGRP) IM JM] for JM > 0. i.e. JM = 0, ** neutrons ** 1st group - spatial intervals from 1 to IM. 2nd group - spatial intervals from 1 to IM. ... ... ... NGRP group - spatial intervals from 1 to IM. ** gammas ** NGRP + 1 group - spatial intervals from 1 to IM. ... ... ... NGRP + IGRP - spatial intervals from 1 to IM. Example:
<FLUX array 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 9.36590E+09 2.07259E+10 2.67600E+10 4.27637E+10 7.02953E+10 1.41095E+11 2.20851E+11 1.86971E+11 1.40515E+11 1.80476E+11 1.51164E+11 3.90367E+10 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 1.09117E+11 2.42329E+10 2.73849E+10 5.38507E+10 8.36346E+10 1.46795E+11 2.64793E+11 1.85623E+11 2.66758E+11 8.37936E+10 1.10752E+11 3.37028E+10 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 5.71239E+10 1.93205E+10 2.78341E+10 4.97128E+10 9.05295E+10 1.70587E+11 2.26939E+11 1.61273E+11 3.28667E+11 2.71935E+10 8.90825E+10 3.35326E+10 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 2.29345E+10 2.33644E+10 3.11134E+10 5.60370E+10 1.14939E+11 1.77039E+11 3.27008E+11 1.04622E+11 5.34534E+10 1.90595E+11 1.05012E+11 5.06135E+10 0.00000E+00 2.24560E+12 2.24553E+10 3.29684E+10 2.99179E+10 6.80981E+10 1.06675E+11 1.96036E+11 3.53680E+11 2.06572E+11 1.36869E+11 2.07160E+11 3.98039E+10 6.28872E+10 0.00000E+00 1.28748E+09 2.21273E+10 3.10372E+10 4.24145E+10 5.99109E+10 1.57469E+11 2.06424E+11 2.67274E+11 1.62587E+11 2.55764E+11 1.67033E+11 3.85728E+10 6.67807E+10

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6.35506E+10 1.88315E+10 8.10556E+10 1.49453E+10 1.77789E+10 1.42777E+10 4.45566E+09 5.39231E+09 1.59676E+10 1.80729E+10 1.51662E+10 2.85504E+10 4.33785E+10 8.78042E+10 5.17701E+10 0.00000E+00

4.52059E+10 3.65922E+10 1.58072E+10 1.95372E+10 1.13412E+10 9.44282E+09 1.27853E+10 1.53635E+10 5.75868E+09 1.41357E+10 2.35880E+10 4.01943E+10 6.86971E+10 7.18004E+10 5.87309E+10 T

3.19280E+10 1.72076E+10 1.52956E+10 1.23915E+10 3.76854E+09 8.04090E+09 4.53097E+09 1.13034E+10 1.03850E+10 6.93439E+09 2.36985E+10 3.27129E+10 5.28651E+10 3.50706E+10 6.69443E+10

4.79158E+10 5.67439E+10 1.53275E+10 1.68609E+10 8.06483E+09 4.57391E+09 8.68020E+09 9.46579E+09 1.12432E+10 1.64552E+10 1.64662E+10 3.57419E+10 5.69083E+10 4.01719E+10 3.50314E+10

3.39836E+10 2.29198E+10 1.60421E+10 1.69424E+10 7.66558E+09 8.45258E+09 9.08462E+09 1.11856E+10 1.70752E+10 1.38189E+10 2.58199E+10 4.94656E+10 6.72074E+10 4.58855E+10 9.78391E+11

1.50696E+10 4.53192E+10 1.56105E+10 1.87165E+10 7.87956E+09 1.32726E+10 1.53207E+10 5.90132E+09 1.86777E+10 1.68749E+10 1.63296E+10 3.82529E+10 5.57159E+10 4.78985E+10 0.00000E+00

This example gives the 175-group energy-dependent neutron fluxes for a single zone as calculated from a 14.1 MeV point source without inclusion of gammas. Note that 14.1 MeV lies within group #11, and thus, the first 10 energy groups have fluxes of zero. Special attention must be paid to the fact that the fluxes for the highest energy group must be given for each zone or interval before the 2nd group begins. It is worth noting that in a general case, the energy dependent fluxes should be given consistently with the cross section activation library. If cross sections are given as a function of decreasing/increasing energy, the neutron spectrum must be given following the same structure, that is, as a function of decreasing/increasing energy.

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D. Block #4: It consists of only one card that is read in integer free-format. Block #4 allows for a RESTART OPTION, and is currently implemented for one material zone and one interval. The restart option can be very useful for calculations under pulsed irradiation regimes characteristc of conceptual IFE reactors., and it works as follows. ACAB produces in all inventory calculation runs the UNIT37, which contains the composition in g-atom for all isotopes in the last time step of the problem. This UNIT can be used as input of new initial material composition if you want to continue the calculation in a new run. Card #1: # 1 Parameter Description IREST Indicator for restart option. 0 No effect. 1 The initial material composition is read from UNIT 37, instead of using BLOCK #5 (this is used as explained next, for a non-restart case).

Example:
<IREST

0 A non-restart case is considered, and UNIT 37 is not read. Initial composition must be given in block #5.

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E. Block #5: Block #5 is used to specify the initial material composition in a non-restart run. This block must be omitted for a restart run. The nuclide identifier is defined as: NUCLID = 10000 Z + 10 A + IS where: Z = atomic number, A = atomic mass of nuclide, and IS = state indicator (0 = ground state, 1 = first isomeric state, and 2 = second isomeric state) The identifier for an element follows the pattern set by the nuclide identifier: ELEMID = 10000 Z. The block #5 consists of two cards: card #1 (INUCL array, integer free-format), and card #2 (XCOMP array, real free-format). This block must be repeated if more than one material zone is to be considered. That is, the total number of times block #5 must appear is equal to number of components of array NUCZO (set in block #2) not set to zero. Card #: 1 2 Parameter Description INUCL XCOMP Identifiers of the initial elements or isotopes. [NUCZO]. Concentrations of the initial elements or isotopes given in units of atoms/barncm. [NUCZO]. If INPT=3, initial elements in units g/cc.

Example #1:
<INUCL 80000 120000 130000 <XCOMP 6.09E-02 1.52E-02 3.05E-02

This example specifies that the elements oxygen, magnesium, and aluminum are the initial constituents of the material being irradiated. They are present in 6.09 1022, 1.52 1022, and 3.05 1022 atoms/cc, respectively (1024 atoms/cc = 1 atom barn-1 cm-1). Example #2:
<INUCL 741860 <XCOMP 6.00E-02

The second example is for the irradiation of density of 6.00 1022 atoms/cc.

187W.

It is present at an atomic

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F. Block #6: Block #6 consists of two cards: card #1 (IDNUM array, integer free-format), and card #2 (XFEED array, real free-format). This block is used to specify materials that are subject to continuous feed. This block must be repeated if more than one zone undergoes continuous feed. That is, the total number of times block #6 must appear is equal to number of components of array ISOZO not set to zero. This block is only required if INFD > 0. Card #: 1 2 Example:
<IDNUM 260000 <XFEED 1.00E+00

Parameter Description IDNUM Identification of the element or isotope with continuous feed. [ISOZO]. XFEED Feed rates in gatoms (moles) per second. [ISOZO]{INDFD > 0}.

This example indicates that natural iron is continuously fed at a rate of 1 gatoms/s.

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G. Block #7 and #8: Blocks #7 and #8 are used to specify the irradiation and post-irradiation temporal history. Here, the user selects the timesteps that will be used to reach the desired irradiation time and the specific post-irradiation (cooling) times at which the full output is generated. ACAB starts its internal clock at zero when the calculation begins. Whenever an irradiation period ends, the clock is reset to zero. Whenever an irradiation period begins, however, the clock is not reset. It continues from the previous cooling period (or zero if the calculation has just begun). Due to the nature of the computational solution (the matrix exponential method), it is recommended that the irradiation times ramp up by factors of two and the cooling times ramp up by factors of three (see example). A set is defined as a grouping of two blocks: block #7 and block #8. The block #7 gives ACAB information about the number of irradiation and/or cooling timesteps, and the block #8 provides the actual timesteps. Up to 10 timesteps may be specified within a set. For more than 10 timesteps, multiple sets are required. Each set may consist entirely of irradiation, entirely of cooling, or of irradiation followed by cooling. Since the clock is initially set to zero, only the ending times of the timesteps must be provided. Sets may be grouped into a unit that gets repeated a specified number of times and may be followed by additional sets. The use of units makes the definition of complex irradiation/cooling histories easier. A complete explanation of the use of units is given in block #11, card #3. Here (for purpose of better explanation of blocks #7 and #8) only mention that the first parameter of this card, NOPUL, defines if the unit capability is used. It is not used when NOPUL is zero. Block #7: Card #1: # 1 2 3 Parameter Description MMN Number of irradiation timesteps on this card. [ 10]. MOUT Number of total timesteps ( irradiation + cooling) on this card. [ 10]. NGO Computation flow control: 0 No additional sets provided. That is, this is the final set. 1 Additional sets provided. That is, the present calculation will be continued. MSUB Timestep in last set considered as starting point of new set: No effect if there is no prior set, or sets are not It consists of only one card, with 8 integer parameters in free-format.

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IUNIT

MFEED

IOUT

IPLOT

grouped into a unit (that is, if parameter NOPUL of block #11 is equal to zero). Usually, MSUB is selected to point to the last timestep in the previous set. In the case of NOPUL not set to zero, MSUB for the first set of the unit must point to the last timestep on the last set of the unit (see block #11, card #3). Physical unit of the timesteps: 1 Seconds 2 Minutes 3 Hours 4 Days 5 Years 6 Here it is not considered. 7 103 years 8 106 years 9 109 years Continuous feed option: 0 No effect. 1 Continuous feed used in current set. Output option (no effect if IUNC=1): 0 No effect. 1 Print output tables by spatial interval. Preparation of data for plotting -generation of unit 11 (no effect if IUNC=1): 0 No effect - unit 11 is not generated. 1 Output tables by interval. 2 Output tables by zone.

Block #8: Card #1: # 1

It consists of one card which contains up to 10 real free-format values.

Parameter Description TIMES Ending times of each timestep. Note that the clock is set to zero when the calculation begins and is reset to zero whenever an irradiation period ends (shutdown). [MOUT]. Blocks #7 and #8 must be repeated for all time sets of interest.

Example:
<Block 7 10 10 1 0 <Block 8 1 0 0 0

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1.0000E+0 2.0000E+0 3.2000E+1 6.4000E+1 <Block 7 10 10 1 10 1 0 <Block 8 1.0240E+3 2.0480E+3 3.2768E+4 6.5536E+4 <Block 7 10 10 1 10 1 0 <Block 8 1.0486E+6 2.0972E+6 3.3554E+7 6.7109E+7 <Block 7 3 3 1 10 1 0 <Block 8 7.0000E+8 8.2500E+8 <Block 7 0 10 1 3 1 0 <Block 8 1.0000E+0 3.0000E+0 3.0000E+2 1.0000E+3 <Block 7 0 10 1 10 1 0 <Block 8 1.0000E+5 3.0000E+5 3.0000E+7 3.1536E+7 <Block 7 0 6 0 10 1 0 <Block 8 6.3072E+8 1.5768E+9 3.1536E+10

4.0000E+0 8.0000E+0 1.6000E+1 1.2800E+2 2.5600E+2 5.1200E+2 0 0

4.0960E+3 8.1920E+3 1.6384E+4 1.3107E+5 2.6214E+5 5.2429E+5 0 0

4.1943E+6 8.3886E+6 1.6777E+7 1.3422E+8 2.6844E+8 5.3687E+8 0 0

9.4608E+8 0 0

1.0000E+1 3.0000E+1 1.0000E+2 3.0000E+3 1.0000E+4 3.0000E+4 0 0

1.0000E+6 3.0000E+6 1.0000E+7 6.3072E+7 1.5768E+8 3.1536E+8 0 0

3.1536E+9 6.3072E+9 1.5768E+10

In this example, the irradiation lasts for a total of 9.4608 108 seconds (30 years). The irradiation timesteps ramp up by factors of 2 from 1 second to 30 years. The last irradiation time occurs on the 4th set. The cooling times begin on the 5th set and increase in most cases by factors of 3. Occasionally, the ratio between two cooling times is less than 3, because a specific cooling time is desired. For example, the 6th set has successive cooling times of 3.0 107 seconds and 3.1536 107 seconds. The latter time was selected as it corresponds to 1 year of cooling. In this example, the irradiation and cooling times were kept on separate cards in order to make them easier to understand. This is not required. The first 7 cooling times from the 5th set could have been placed on the end of the 4th set. This results in the 4th set looking like this:
<Block 7 3 10 1 10 1 0 0 0 <Block 8 7.0000E+8 8.2500E+8 9.4608E+8 1.0000E+0 3.0000E+0 1.0000E+1 3.0000E+1 1.0000E+2 3.0000E+2 1.0000E+3

Note that the cooling times are still given relative to the end of the irradia-tion period, because the clock is reset to zero when the irradiation period ends.

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H. Block #9: It consists of only one card, including two values in real free-format. Block #9 tells ACAB what truncation error is allowable and allows the user to scale the total flux (so that all of the fluxes dont have to be multiplied by 75%, for example). Card #1: # 1 2 Parameter Description ERR Truncation error (10-25). XNORM Normalization factor (1.0). If XNORM is negative, a test printout of the neutron-induced transmutation rates by interval or zone will be given. The resulting output may be quite voluminous.

Example:
< ERR XNORM 1.0E-25 7.50E-01

This example uses the standard truncation error, but tells ACAB to scale all of the fluxes by a factor of 0.75. This might be done if the user desired to simulate 40 years of operation at 75% of capacity, for example.

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I. Block #10: It consists of only one card that is read in integer free-format. This block is used to control the computing of fission product inventory. Card #1: # 1 Parameter Description IGFP Option to calculate the inventory of fission products if actinides were initially present. 0 No effect. All nuclear reactions, including fission, are considered in the calculation. But fission yield data are assumed to be zero (UNIT 96 is not read). 1 Fission products are included in inventory calculations. (UNIT 96 must be given). IWFYD Type of effective fission yield cross section library (UNIT 96). No effect if IGFP is equal to zero. 0 Weighted fission yield cross sections (or weighted fission yield data) for all fissionable nuclides included in the basic fission yield data library are read. 1 Effective fission yield cross sections (or effective fission yield data) for all fissionable nuclides included in the activation library (UNIT 4) are read. 0 1 Example #1: 1 1 1 Type of effective fission yield library (UNIT 96). Effective fission product yield <>, FY.dat. Effective fission yield cross section <>, FYXS.dat.

IFORT96

This card tells ACAB to read UNIT 96 that includes fission yield cross sections from all the fissionable nuclides in the activation library. Example #2: 0 1 0/1

The UNIT 96 is not read, so ACAB does not deal with fission products. It does not matter the value of the second parameter.

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J. Block #11: The ten cards of this block are read by ACAB as free format. This block tells ACAB firstly about the type of run (for pathway analysis or inventory calculations). It is also used to ask for computing of some particular inventory responses such as waste disposal ratings, contact dose rates, decay heat from different types of radiation, offsite doses and consequences, radiotoxicity and neutron emission. Finally, it allows the user to define the operational scenario (irradiation/cooling history) in terms of a unit (for modeling of several identical temporal cycles) and a final series of arbitrary time sets. Card #1: # 1 Parameter Description IWP Type of ACAB run. Options for UNIT 31 and UNIT 22. 1 Reading and processing of the decay and cross section libraries. Transition matrix information and some contents from the decay library (such as decay heat, natural isotopic abundance, etc) are written in UNIT 31. This unit can be employed when using inputs files with IWP=3. ACAB can make a run for inventory calculation if the second parameter of this card IMTX is not equal to 1. 2 Reading UNIT 31, previously generated in runs with IWP=1. Decay and cross sections libraries are not required as inputs. ACAB can proceed for inventory calculations if IMTX is not equal to 1. 3 Run for pathway analysis. Generates UNIT 22 which gives the number of nuclides on the decay library, the number of non-zero terms on the transition matrix, parents and processes by which the different isotopes are produced. ACAB execution stops after UNIT 22 is written. This file is required for operation of the CHAINS code (see Section VIII). IMTX Transition matrix option. Generation of UNIT 24. 0 Run for inventory calculation. No generation of UNIT 24. 1 Run for pathway analysis. Generates UNIT 24 which contains the elements of the transition matrix. ACAB execution stops after UNIT 24 is written. This binary file is required for operation of the CHAINS code (see Section VIII). 2 Run for pathway analysis and inventory calculation. UNIT 24 is generated, but ACAB execution continues for a full inventory run. Also UNIT 17 is written, that is a formatted unit basically containing the same information than that of
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IWDR

UNIT 24. Isotopic Waste Disposal Ratings: 0 No effect. 1 Generation of total and isotope-dependent waste disposal ratings. The library file with the specific activity limits data WD.dat must be input. Dose rate requests: 0 No effect. 1 Dose rates estimates are requested - an additional input card must appear. The following libraries must be input: MACOEF.dat (mass attenuation coefficient library), PHOTON.dat (photon library) and EBEATA.dat (beta decay library). Photon energy cutoff options (no effect if IDOSE= 0): 0 Only include photons with energies > 100 keV. 1 Use full energy range for photons. Decay heat contributions: 0 No effect. 1 Total decay heat, and contributions from beta, gamma, and alpha radiation (precise definitions of beta, gamma, and alpha decay heat can be found in Section IV). The decay heat library file DHEAT.dat must be input. Generation of files DHEAT.out (containing decay heat results), and DHEAT.inf (including information from checking on consistency of decay and decay heat libraries). Offsite dose response functions requests: 0 No effect. N Dose functions are requested for a number N of distances from discharge point - additional input cards #3, #4 and #5 can appear. The offsite dose library file OFFSIDO.dat must be input. Generation of files OFFSIDO.out (containing offside doses and associated effects), and OFFSIDO.inf (including information from checking on consistency of decay and offsite dose libraries. Commitment effective dose equivalent (CEDE) requests: 0 No effect. 1 CEDEs are requested. The CEDE data library EAF_HAZ.dat must be input.

IDOSE

IPHCUT

IDHEAT

IOFFSD

ICEDE

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INEMISS

Neutron emission by (alpha,n) and spont. fission requests: 0 No effect. 1 Neutron emission are requested. The following data files must be input: EAF_STOP_ALP.dat (differential ranges library for particles), EAF_XN_AN.dat ((,n) cross section data), IALPHA.dat ( decay library) and ISF.dat (spontaneous fission decay library).

10

IDAMAGE DPA rate requests: 0 No effect. 1 DPAs are requested. The DAMAGE.dat file must be input.

Card #2: Card #2 only appears if IDOSE = 1. Card #2 is used to specify what type of dose rate estimates are desired. Three of the calculated dose rates are contact dose rates that would be experienced at the surface of a semi-infinite media that contained radionuclides in the calculated concentrations. The fourth dose rate is calculated for a very thin layer of material that contains radionuclides in the calculated concentrations. # 1 Parameter Description PH Photon dose rate in Sv/hour. 0 No dose rate. 1 Print dose rate. BREM Bremsstrahlung dose rate in Sv/hour. 0 No dose rate. 1 Print dose rate. Photon + Bremsstrahlung dose rate in Sv/hour. 0 No dose rate. 1 Print dose rate. Dose rate per unit thickness from a very thin layer (material thickness photon mean free path in material) in units of Sv/hourcm. 0 No dose rate. 1 Print dose rate.

TOT

RHOR

Card #3: Card #3 only appears if IOFFSD 0. It is used to specify the distances (in km)

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from a given release - and associated radial intervals, at which radionuclide release consequence information should be provided. # 1 Parameter Description DISTAN Distances from the release point [IOFFSD]. {IOFFSD 0}. Allowed values are any of those used in producing the offsite dose library (see Section IV, Table IV.1).

Card #4: Card #4 only appears if IOFFSD 0. It is used to specify the population density to be used in calculation of population dose, early and cancer fatalities. Also it allows specifying release fractions for the different elements. # 1 2 Parameter Description PODE Population density (km-2). ILIFR Option for element release fractions. 0 Defect option is used (100% release fraction for all elements). N No-defect release fractions are given for N elements.

Card #5: Card #5 only appears if IOFFSD 0, and ILIFR 0. It is used to specify the elements - for which defect release fractions are not appropriate, and their corresponding release fractions. # 1 2 Parameter Description The format is (IEL(N), FL(N), N=1, ILIFR) IEL Atomic number. LF Liberation fraction in %.

Card #6: If IDOSE = 0 (card #2 will not appear) and IOFFSD = 0 (cards #3-5 will not be present), card #6 will immediately follow card #1. Complicated irradiation/cooling histories can often be simulated by defining a unit of sets that gets repeated a specified number of times. This unit can be followed by a series of additional sets. This allows modeling a scenario consisting of several identical temporal cycles, followed by a final series of time sets. Figure V.1 demonstrates the concept of defining a unit. Card #6 must be specified even when the unit will not be repeated. # 1 Parameter Description NOPUL Number of times to repeat the unit. This means that the
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2 3 4

NTSEQ NOTTS NVFL

number of identical irradiation/cooling cycles involved in the problem is NOPUL+1. Number of sets within a unit. If NOPUL=0, NTSEQ must be set to 0. Total number of sets. { NOTTT < 150}. Consequently the final series of sets contains NOTTS-NTSEQ time sets. Flux scaling factors that allow the reference flux for each set to be scaled. If the scale factor is the same for all sets, using the parameter XNORM is the appropriate input option (block #9) 0 Flux scaling factors not used. 1 Flux scaling factors are used and are given on the FVAR variable on card #7.

Card #7: When NVFL = 1, the FVAR variable will be given to specify irradiation scaling factors for each irradiation period. # 1 Parameter Description FVAR Flux scaling factor for each set in the unit and for additional sets that follow the unit [NOTTS]. FVAR is only required if the scaling factors are different from unity. For pure cooling sets FVAR may take any value.

Card #8: This card is used to specify the cycles for which inventory data should be stored in an external file for subsequent use, if necessary. The card is specially aimed to model irradiation/cooling histories that can be simulated by defining a unit of sets that gets repeated a very large number of times. A typical use of it might be to model the operation of a Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) power plant that can be operated at 5-10 Hz for around 30 years. # 1 Parameter Description NMULT When the number of cycles done by the code is multiple of NMULT the inventory data at the last time step of the corresponding cycle is written to an external file, Unit 48. If NMULT=0, Unit 48 is not created. This card must appear only if {NOPUL is 0}. Note. We say that a cycle is done, any time that the inventory calculations for all the time steps involved in the unit of sets are done.

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Example #1:
1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 149 29 30 1 1. 1. 50. 1. 1. 50. 1. 1. 200. 1. 1. 1. 50. 1. 1. 1. 50. 1. 1. 200. 50. 1. 1. 50. 1. 1. 50. 1. 1. 200.

This example requests each of the four dose rates using the full range of photon energies. 29 sets are defined as a unit. The unit is repeated 149 times (149 repetitions + original loop = 150 total times through the unit) and followed by a final set (30 total sets). The specified flux is to be multiplied by factors of 1, 50, and 200 for the various irradiation periods. The flux of the final set is to be multiplied by a factor of 200 (30 scaling factors are given as there are 30 sets). The listing of sets for this example appears in Section VI. Example #2:
<Block 7 1 2 1 2 1 0 0 0 <Block 8 1.0000E-6 1.99999E-1 <Block 7 1 10 0 2 1 0 0 0 <Block 8 2.00000E-1 6.000E-1 1.8000E+0 5.4000E+0 1.6200E+1 4.8600E+1 1.4580E+2 4.3740E+2 1.3122E+3 3.6000E+3 <Block 11 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 IWP IMTX IWDR IDOSE IPHCUT IDHEAT IOFFSD ICEDE INEMISS IDAMAGE 1 1 1 1 PH BREM TOT RHOR 17998 1 2 0 NOPUL NTSEQ NOTTS NVFL 0 NMULT

Example #2 simulates the operation of an Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) power plant that is operating at 5 Hz for 1 hour. In this example, the sets have been shown to provide a full explanation. The first set is defined as a unit. In this case, irradiation takes place over 1 s, followed by nearly 200 ms of cooling. The unit gets repeated 17998 times for a total of 17999 irradiation/cooling cycles. A final set gives another 1 s of irradiation and is followed by a series of cooling times. Since each of the irradiation periods is to use the same flux, NVFL = 0 and card #7 is not required. Note that MSUB = 2 for the first set. This is necessary as each new irradiation will follow the cooling timestep in the previous loop. Also note that the irradiation time on the final set is given as 0.2 seconds. This is done, because the irradiation
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begins when the cooling ends at 0.199999 seconds in the previous set. The irradiation ending time of 0.2 seconds results in the final irradiation lasting for 1 s. Example #3:
<Block 7 2 4 0 4 1 0 0 0 <Block 8 5.0E-04 1.0E-03 9.95E-02 1.99E-01 <Block 9 1.0E-25 1.0E+00 <Block 10 0 0 0 <Block 11 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 IWP IMTX IWDR IDOSE IPHCUT IDHEAT IOFFSD ICEDE INEMISS IDAMAGE 0 0 1 0 215999 1 1 0 0 NOPUL NTSEQ NOTTS NVFL 18000 NMULT

This case models the activation of the first structural wall of an IFE power plant operating at 5 Hz for 12 hours. Thus, we have a pulse of 200 ms, with 1ms of on time, and 199 ms of off time. The pulse is described in set defined by block #7 and #8. With only one set that is defined as a unit we can simulate the 12-hours operation. The unit gets repeated 215999 times for a total of 216000 irradiation/cooling cycles. At every hour of operation, that is, every 18000 cycles (NMULT=18000), the corresponding inventory data are stored in unit 48. The next two examples are aimed to explain how to request the new decay heat and offsite dose response functions available in ACAB calculations. Example #4:
<Block 11 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 IWP IMTX IWDR IDOSE IPHCUT IDHEAT IOFFSD ICEDE INEMISS IDAMAGE 1.5 85.0 (DISTANC(I), I=1,IOFFSD) 100. 2 PODE ILIFR 26 0.5 27 0.25 (IEL(I) , FL(IEL(I)), I=1,IFLI) 4 2 5 0 NOPUL NTSEQ NOTTS NVFL

In this case, offsite doses to the Most Exposed Individual are requested for two different distances: 1.5, and 85.0 kilometers. Collective doses and risks are requested for the corresponding population intervals (as defined in the library of offsite response functions, see Section IV, Table IV.1): the first interval ranges from 1.05 to 2 km, and the second from 80 to 90 km. The population density for these intervals is 100 man/km2. Defect release fractions (i.e. 100% release fraction) are assumed for all elements except for two of them: Fe (Z=26), and Co (Z=27). The release fractions for Fe and Co are set to 50%, and 25%, respectively.

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Example #5:
<Block 11 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 IWP IMTX IWDR IDOSE IPHCUT IDHEAT IOFFSD ICEDE INEMISS IDAMAGE 1.5 85.0 (DISTANC(I), I=1,IOFFSD) 100. 0 PODE ILIFR <NO CARD 26 0.5 27 0.5 (IEL(I) , FL(IEL(I)), I=1,IFLI) 4 2 5 0 NOPUL NTSEQ NOTTS NVFL

In this case, total decay heat as well as decay heat from electron-related radiation, electromagnetic radiation, and heavy charged particles is computed. Offsite doses are also calculated. As ILIFR=0, card #5 is not given. Note that a comment card appears. Comments must be denoted by the symbol < in the first column of the card. A comment card should appear only in front of a numerical card. It may have any arbitrary length.

Figure V.1. A "set" consists of a card of block #7 and a card of block #8 and is used to specify irradiation and/or cooling timesteps. A "unit" is a collection of sets that may be repeated a specified number of times. The unit may be followed by additional sets.
block #7 block #8

block #7 block #8

Unit
block #7 block #8

Sets
block #7 block #8

block #7 block #8

block #7 block #8

Note: We say that a cycle is done, each time the inventory calculations for all the timesteps involved in the unit of sets are done.

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K. Block #12: The fifteen cards are read by ACAB as free format. This block tells ACAB first whether instantaneous feed of material is used. If this capability is active, a group of cards tell the code about the number of materials fed, composition of each material, where the composition of each material is read from, and if that is provided for the constituent elements or isotopes of each material. The last group of cards tells about the feed time schedule, that is, feed times for the different materials. Card #1: # 1 Parameter Description IIFD Input option: material is fed instantaneously into the system. 0 No effect 1 No more than one feed is allowed in any temporal set (cards of block #7 and block #8). 2 There can be more than one feed per set.

The rest of the cards of the block must be omitted if IIFD = 0. Thus, the condition for input of next cards is {IIFD 0}. Card #2: # 1 Parameter Description NMAIFD Number of different materials that are fed into the system. The maximum number of materials that can be specified is 5.

Card #3: # 1 Parameter Description IRMAIFD Indicator to specify where the compositions of the different fed materials are read from. [NMAIFD] 1 Read composition data for elements from the standard input (UNIT 5) 2 Read composition data for isotopes from the standard input (UNIT 5) 3 Read composition data for isotopes from a binary tape (UNIT 81) output from a previous ACAB run. Note # 1: First components of the array IRMAIFD must make reference (if needed) to the standard input, and the last components (if neded) to UNIT 81. Note # 2: The number of the IRMAIFD array components with value = 1, should be 1. The number of the IRMAIFD

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array components with value = 2, should be also 1. Next card, card #4, must appear only if {any of the components of array IRMAIFD is = 3} Card #4: # 1 Parameter Description NISFDTP Number of isotopes for which the quantity (in gram-atoms) is given in UNIT 81. Note: UNIT 81 consists of some binary records All the records has the same length, which is set by NISFDTP. The number of binary records is equal to the number of IRMAIFD components set to 3. Each record contains the composition data for one material. Each of the records is output by ACAB in previous runs (UNIT 37), and they are put together into UNIT 81 by a straightforward utility program.

The next set of cards, cards #5, #6, and #7, must appear only if {any of the components of array IRMAIFD is = 1} Card #5: # 1 Parameter Description NELFD Number of elements for which the quantity (in atoms/barn) is given in the standard input unit. {if any of the components of array IRMAIFD is = 1}.

Card #6: # 1 Parameter Description IELIFD Identifiers of the elements The identifier is specified using the format defined in Block #5.

Card #7: # 1 Parameter Description XCOMEFD Amount of each element in units of atoms/barn.

The next set of cards, cards #8, #9, and #10, must appear only if {any of the components of array IRMAIFD is = 1}

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Card #8: # 1 Parameter Description NISFD Number of isotopes for which the quantity (in atoms/barn) is given in the standard input UNIT 5. Card #9: Parameter Description IISIFD Identifiers of the isotopes defined in Block #5.

# 1

Format of the identifier is that

Card #10: # 1 Parameter Description XCOMISFDAmount of each isotope in units of atoms/barn.

The next set of cards, cards #11, and #12, must appear only if {IIFD is = 1}. They specifies the time feed schedule when the maximum number of feeds allowed per temporal set is 1. Card #11: # 1 Parameter Description ITFDSET Array to specify temporal sets in which feed is used as well as the feed time in each set [NOTTS]. The feed time in each temporal set is specified by telling the code the timestep at which instantaneous feed is used. The code understands that feed occurs at the beginning time of the timestep. Thus a ith-component of ITFDSET array = 0 means no feed in the corresponding ith-set, a ith component set to 1 means instantaneous feed at the beginning of the first timestep in the ith set, and so on.

Card #12: # 1 Parameter Description IMASET Specify the material fed in each set [NOTTS]. If a component i of ITFDSET is zero, the corresponding component i of IMASET is ignored, and can take any value. Here, the identifier of the material is a number from 1 to NMAIFD, corresponding to the turn in which the composition of the material is read. That is, composition read in first turn is the composition of material #1, composition read in second turn is that of material #2, and so on.
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The next set of cards, cards #13, #14, and #15, must appear only if {IIFD is = 2}. They specifies the time feed schedule when the maximum number of feeds allowed per temporal set is 9. Card #13: # 1 Parameter Description NFDSET Number of instantaneous feeds in each set. [NOTTS] {NFDSET MOUT - 1} The next two cards, cards #14 and #15, form a subset that must be provided as many times as the number of NFDSET components not set to zero. Card #14: # 1 Parameter Description ITSFDSET Timesteps in set i at which instantaneous fed is used [NFDSET(i)]. Note: Feed times are taken at the beginning times of the timesteps.

Card #15: # 1 Parameter Description IMASSET Specifies the materials fed in set i [NFDSET(i)].

Example #1:
<Block 12 1 3 3 3 3 1874 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 IIFD NMAIFD IRMAIFD NISFDTP

1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1

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1 3 1 1 1 1 0 0 0

2 1 1 1 1 2 0 0 0

1 1 1 1 3 1 0 0 0

1 1 1 2 1 3 0 0 0

1 1 3 1 1 1 0 0 0

1 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0

Following the parameters of block #12 we can see firstly that no more than one feed per set is allowed. Three different materials are fed into the chamber. The composition of these three materials are read from unit 81, which consequently should have three records, and each of the records contains inventory data corresponding to 1874 isotopes. According with the number of components of the array ITDFSET, a total of 67 sets must be involved in this case. The ITDFSET array tells us that feed occurs only in the first 49 sets, and that the feed in each of these sets takes place at the beginning of timestep #3. The IMASET array specifies which material is fed in each set. Materials 1#, #2, and #3 have the composition written in records 1#, #2, and #3 of unit 81, respectively. More examples are described in detail in Section VI, subsection D.

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L. Block #13: This block is addressed to control the output, and contains three cards that are read by ACAB as FORTRAN free format. It must not appear if IUNC=1.This block tells ACAB the time sets for printing of results by zone. The time sets for output by interval should be selected only from the output-by zone sets, by setting to 1 the corresponding IOUT parameter of the set (see block #7). This capability is especially appropriate for problems involving a very large number of temporal cycles. In these cases there may be a huge number of time sets [NTSEQ* (NOPUL+1) + (NOTTS-NTSEQ)], and consequently the output for all of them will be very voluminous. Card #1: Card #1 specifies if some output information is desired for the temporal cycles and the final series of sets used in modeling the irradiation/cooling history. # 1 Parameter Description NCYO Number of cycles for which some output information is desired (NCYO NOPUL+1). If NOPUL = 0, NCYO must be set to zero. IFSO Output option for the final series of arbitrary time sets. 0 No effect. 1 Output for some or all time sets of the final series

Card #2: Card #2 only appears if NCYO 0. It is used to select and specify the cycles for which output associated to some or all time sets of a cycle is desired. # 1 Parameter Description ICYO Integer numbers corresponding to the ordinal number of the cycles are used for cycle specification. [NCYO ].

Card #3: Card #3 is used to select and specify the time sets within the cycles and within the final series for which output is required. # 1 Parameter Description ITSO Specify the time sets for which output is required. [NOTTS] 0 No effect, i.e., no print by zone nor by interval. 1 Print the activation responses by zone. Output by interval of the zone will be performed if the parameter IOUT is also set to 1.
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Example #1:
< First time set. The first two sets are within a unit. 1 2 1 2 4 0 1 0 MMN MOUT NGO MSUB IUNIT MFEED IOUT IPLOT 1. 1.5 < Second time set 1 2 1 2 4 0 0 0 IOUT 2. 1.7 < Third time set. The last three sets are within the final series of sets 1 2 1 2 4 0 0 0 .......... IOUT 2. 1.8 < Forth time set 1 2 1 2 4 0 0 0 IOUT 2. 1.9 < Fifth time set 1 2 0 2 4 0 1 0 IOUT 2. 1.95 4 2 5 0 NOPUL NTSEQ NOTTS NVFL

< Block #13 2 1 2 5 1 0 1 0 1

NCYO IFSO (ICYO(I), I=1,NCYO) (ITSO(I), I=1,NOTTS)

As NOPUL is set to 4 the number of cycles involved in the problem is 5. There are 2 time sets in each cycle, as set by NTSEQ. After the five temporal cycles, there is a series of 3 additional sets (NOTTS-NTSEQ). Some of the time sets selected for output belong to 2 temporal cycles. These are the second and filth of the 5-cycle series. Only one time set of these cycles is selected for output, this is the first time set (also refereed as set #1). Time sets #3 and 5 that does not belong to any cycle, i.e., they belong to the final series of sets, are also selected for output. Consequently activation responses will be printed by zone for a total of 4 time sets. Of these four time sets, in only tree will be active the option of output by interval (parameter IOUT). For the time set #1 the option is active (this leads to output for two time sets, one of the cycle #2, and the other of cycle #5), and also for time set #5 (leading to output for the last time set of the final-set series). Example #2:
< First time set 1 2 1 2 4 0 1 0 MMN MOUT NGO MSUB IUNIT MFEED IOUT IPLOT 1. 1.5 < Second time set 1 2 1 2 4 0 0 0 IOUT 2. 1.7 < Third time set. 1 2 0 2 4 0 0 0 .......... IOUT 2. 1.8

93

0 0 3 0 NOPUL NTSEQ NOTTS NVFL < Block #13 0 1 NCYO IFSO < CARD #2 is omitted, NCYO=0 1 3 (ITSO(I), I=1,NOTTS)

No cycles are involved in this case (NOPUL=0), thus NCYO is set to zero, and card #2 of the block is omitted. As IFSO is set to 1, output for some time sets of the final-set is desired. First and third sets of the series are selected for output by zone. Only the first set is selected for output by interval.

94

M. Block #14: This block must be given if IUNC (see block #1, card #2) is equal to one, i.e., if the option for computing uncertainties in the activation calculations is chosen. Uncertainties in the concentration of a particular number of nuclides, as well as in some activation-related quantities (total activity, decay heat, etc.) are computed. A group of cards of this block tells ACAB about the times at which computing of uncertainties should be performed. The last group of cards specifies the nuclides for which concentration uncertainties are required. Cards of the block are read by ACAB as FORTRAN free format. Card #1: Card #1 provides the number of histories used in the Monte Carlo calculations, and parameters used to specify times and nuclides of interest. It tells if times of interest are included in the temporal cycles and the final series of sets used in modeling the irradiation/cooling history. # 1 Parameter Description NMOHI Number of histories used in computing uncertainties by the Monte Carlo method in the activation calculations. (NCYCO NOPUL+1). NTIMES Number of times at which inventory uncertainties are required. Number of temporal cycles including some of the times of interest. (NCYU NOPUL+1). If NOPUL = 0, NCYU must be set to zero. Tells if times of interest are included in the final-set series. 0 No effect. 1 Uncertainties for some or all time sets of the final series. Number of nuclides for which ACAB is required to calculate uncertainties in the number of atoms.

NCYU

IFSU

NNUCU

Card #2: Card #2 only appears if NCYU 0. It is used to specify the cycles containing times of interest for uncertainty analysis. # 1 Parameter Description ICYU Integer numbers corresponding to the ordinal number of the
95

cycles are used for cycle specification. [NCYU]. Card #3: Card #3 is used to select and specify the time sets within the cycles and within the final-set series that contain the times of interest for uncertainty analysis. # 1 Parameter Description ITSU Specify the number of times of interest in each set. [NOTTS]

Card #4: This card must be provided as many times as the number of components of the array ITSU that are not set to zero. It is used for specification of the time of interest. # 1 Parameter Description ITIMEU Integer numbers corresponding to the ordinal number of the timesteps within a set are used for specification of the times of interest. The code understands that the ending times of these timesteps are the actual times of interest. [ITSU(I)].

Card #5: # 1 Parameter Description INUCU Identifiers of the nuclides. The format of the identifier is that defined in block #5. [NNUCU]

Example:
Example for computing uncertainties 1 IUNC 1875 80000 0 0 1 0 2 2 0 0 1 0 4 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 NGRP 1.0 1.0 XRR 1 MA < Total energy-integrated neutron flux. (Only one interval IM=1) 3.5083E+15 A single value per interval since IUNC=1 10 5 7 0 NOPUL NTSEQ NOTTS NVFL

< Block #14: Uncertainties block 1000 21 2 3 9 1 0 1 1 10 9 10 9 10 8 9 10 4 11 0 1 6 NMOHI NTIMES NCYU ICYU 3 ITSU for first set for third set for fifth set for sixth set for seventh set IFSU NNUCU

2 2 ITIMEU ITIMEU ITIMEU ITIMEU ITIMEU

96

60140

130260

260540

551370

771922 942390

INUCU

The option for Monte Carlo uncertainty calculations is active. The number of histories used in the analysis is 1000. Twenty ones times are of interest for uncertainty analysis. Some of these times of interest are included in cycles #2, 3, 9, and 11. As for these cycles, these times correspond to the ending time of the first timestep /interval for the first set, to the ending time of the tenth timestep for the third set, and to the ending times of the 9th and 10th timesteps for the 5th time set. In addition some times of interest are not included in any temporal cycle. As for the final-set series the times of interest correspond to the ending times of the 9th and 10th timesteps for the 6th time set, and to the ending times of the 8th, 9th, and 10th timesteps for the 7th time set. In addition, the desired nuclides to compute uncertainties in their concentrations are 14C, 26Al, 54Fe, 137Cs, 192nIr, and 239Pu. Finally, this example shows that only one-group scalar flux is given, as there is only one interval, and when IUNC=1, it must appears the total scalar flux by spatial interval.

N. Post-processing code PROCACAB In order to handle the uncertainty output in a friendly way, a post-processing code named PROCACAB is included. This utility program is used to process the binary files with the uncertainty information (*.mon) output by ACAB. The user must specify the binary file to be processed, as well as the information to be extracted from that binary file (nuclides and times of interest): # 1 2 3 Parameter Description FILE Name of the binary file to be processed. NNUCL Number of nuclides for which uncertainty information is to be extracted. INUCL Nuclide identifier (the format of the identifier is that defined in block #5). The total number of times this card must appear is equal to NNUCL (INUCL(I), I=1,NNUCL). NTIME Number of time steps for which uncertainty information is required. NTIM Identifier of the time step in the ACAB input. The total number of times this card must appear is equal to NTIME (NTIM(I), I=1,NTIME).

4 5

PROCACAB reads that information (directly from the keyboard or from an input file), writes the requested uncertainty data into ASCII format in a file named montecarlo.out and computes the mean value, standard deviation and relative error
97

of the data in a file named statistics.out. Before running PROCACAB again, those output files should be renamed. Example of the input to PROCACAB code:
concentration.mon 2 10010 20040 3 1 2 3

With this input file, PROCACAB extracts in a file named montecarlo.out the inventory prediction (file concentration.mon), for only 2 isotopes (1H and 4He), in 3 time steps (from 1 to 3), computed for the NMOHI histories specified in the Monte Carlo uncertainty calculation. Then, in a file named statistics.out, the computed mean value, standard deviation and relative error are printed. Example of montecarlo.out file:
10010 1 2 0.473673E+15 0.947346E+15 0.484952E+15 0.969903E+15 0.450400E+15 0.900799E+15 [NMOHI histories] 0.438310E+15 0.876621E+15 0.423977E+15 0.847954E+15 0.516860E+15 0.103372E+16 1 2 0.940494E+14 0.188099E+15 0.106149E+15 0.212298E+15 [NMOHI histories] 0.936538E+14 0.187308E+15 0.967991E+14 0.193598E+15 0.105702E+15 0.211404E+15 3 0.189469E+16 0.193981E+16 0.180160E+16

20040

0.175324E+16 0.169591E+16 0.206744E+16 3 0.376198E+15 0.424596E+15

0.374615E+15 0.387197E+15 0.422809E+15

Example of statistics.out file:


10010 1 4.63798E+14 2.77238E+13 5.97755E+00 1 9.87000E+13 4.92755E+12 4.99245E+00 2 9.27596E+14 5.54475E+13 5.97755E+00 2 1.97400E+14 9.85514E+12 4.99247E+00 3 1.85519E+15 1.10896E+14 5.97759E+00 3 3.94800E+14 1.97105E+13 4.99252E+00 [Mean values] [Standard deviation] [Relative error] [Mean values] [Standard deviation] [Relative error]

20040

98

VI. Example problems


Some examples of the exact text of the entire ACAB input file are now given. Following the text, a description of the input is given for each example. The examples are structured in this section according to the different type of applications for which they are suitable. A.- National Ignition Facility (NIF) target chamber The first example demonstrates how ACAB handles problems with different zones and a pulsing irradiation scenario. The modeling of this irradiation schedule by using time sets grouped into a unit and flux scaling factors is shown. Example #1:
30 years in NIF - 385 MJ/year + final, 20 MJ shot - chamber <Block #1, card #2 0 IUNC <Block #1, card #3 2193 250000 0 0 1 1 2 1 0 24 175 0 4 2 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 <Block #2, card #1 XRR 3.20484E+7 6.79673E+07 1.0 <Block #2, card #3 MA 1 2 <Block #2, card #4 NUCZO 9 18 <Block #2, card #6 EGRP 2.00E+01 1.40E+01 1.20E+01 1.00E+01 8.00E+00 6.50E+00 3.00E+00 2.50E+00 2.00E+00 1.70E+00 1.40E+00 1.20E+00 6.00E-01 4.00E-01 3.00E-01 2.00E-01 1.00E-01 5.00E-02 0.00E+00 <Block #2, card #7 CUTOFF 1.0E+0 1.0E-6 1.0E+0 1.0E-3 1.0E+0 1.0E+0 <Block #2, card #8 NTO 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 <Block #3 FLUX 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 3.75283E+09 1.06790E+09 2.41546E+08 3.84590E+08 1.64365E+08 3.92236E+08 1.74657E+08 2.94620E+08 2.25813E+08 1.00259E+08 2.60161E+08 1.14627E+08 2.06422E+08 1.97115E+08 7.97792E+07 1.74955E+08 7.02182E+07 1.80717E+08 1.56673E+08 6.05528E+07 1.85038E+08 6.75537E+07 1.65204E+08 1.38058E+08 5.96646E+07 1.52241E+08 6.72402E+07 1.69858E+08 1.62767E+08 9.35198E+07 1.60108E+08 8.82952E+07 2.08528E+08 1.92572E+08 1.04753E+08 2.63707E+08 1.30249E+08 2.42100E+08 2.84870E+08 1.28315E+08 3.34619E+08 1.40907E+08 3.03152E+08 3.66419E+08 1.39705E+08 4.11183E+08 1.56006E+08 4.53620E+08 5.78825E+08 2.89493E+08 5.55778E+08 2.84791E+08 7.95108E+08 7.68073E+08 3.44926E+08 8.37434E+08 3.08563E+08 1.01416E+09 1.10435E+09 3.91059E+08 1.24540E+09 4.57359E+08 1.40274E+09 1.52573E+09 4.01926E+08 1.92129E+09 4.29407E+08 1.71520E+09 2.55618E+09 8.18168E+08 2.94288E+09 9.70203E+08 2.34344E+09 1.70966E+09 3.15460E+08 1.67864E+09 4.00307E+08 1.45149E+09 9.49233E+08 2.87247E+08 1.93126E+09 4.23765E+08 1.52241E+09 & shielding

5.00E+00 1.00E+00 2.00E-02

4.00E+00 8.00E-01 1.00E-02

0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 1.64104E+08 1.35003E+08 8.98104E+07 7.42934E+07 6.31651E+07 9.00193E+07 1.05223E+08 1.15985E+08 1.29047E+08 2.06475E+08 4.07725E+08 3.58510E+08 4.45708E+08 6.37398E+08 5.65298E+08 4.54799E+08 4.96752E+08

99

1.39942E+09 4.01508E+08 2.67141E+09 1.11701E+09 3.42597E+09 9.25271E+08 5.52122E+08 4.02344E+08 1.50246E+09 4.72824E+08 2.73346E+09 5.97168E+08 1.86478E+09 5.59029E+08 9.18873E+08 4.33221E+08 3.09689E+08 3.77684E+08 2.19940E+09 5.64776E+08 2.36228E+09 6.40532E+08 1.94345E+09 7.87865E+08 1.77836E+09 8.76160E+08 1.26092E+09 6.68223E+08 9.95437E+08 5.65821E+08 1.20773E+09 6.50459E+08 4.24479E+08 2.32284E+08 4.38994E+08 2.31605E+08 4.18052E+08 1.95399E+08 3.75394E+08 1.88816E+08 4.11737E+08 3.43829E+08 5.88021E+08 3.72669E+08 6.92728E+08 3.85469E+08 7.32506E+08 4.08143E+08 7.39929E+08 4.39491E+08 5.01375E+08 2.93046E+08 3.44480E+08 2.02034E+08 5.17884E+08 3.06891E+08 3.94119E+08 2.36830E+08 1.75620E+08 1.06999E+08 2.14068E+08 1.31920E+08 4.01321E+08 2.51041E+08 1.91686E+08 1.17919E+08 6.51621E+08 4.19429E+08 2.72460E+08 2.99054E+08 4.88633E+08 3.42993E+08 9.10674E+08 5.40221E+08 1.69747E+08 1.00259E+08 1.67420E+08 1.03499E+08 1.69858E+08 1.04753E+08 1.73293E+08 1.08149E+08 1.76506E+08 1.11963E+08 1.78168E+08 1.14157E+08 2.22489E+08 1.41586E+08 1.48030E+08 9.76995E+07 1.90689E+08 1.24502E+08 1.98666E+08 1.27688E+08 2.01769E+08 1.33018E+08 2.08528E+08 1.37249E+08 1.29194E+08 8.43768E+07 4.13731E+07 2.80873E+07 8.63251E+07 5.90376E+07 8.55163E+07 5.86719E+07 8.90176E+07 6.00303E+07 1.39166E+08 9.16390E+07 9.21532E+07 6.18589E+07 9.12003E+07 6.35830E+07 4.64256E+07 3.21572E+07 9.55770E+07 6.40532E+07 1.47809E+08 9.95803E+07 4.76999E+07 3.30506E+07 1.53570E+08 1.02558E+08 4.96610E+07 3.47382E+07 1.02912E+08 6.99047E+07 1.02546E+08 7.13676E+07 1.60329E+08 1.09611E+08 5.31402E+07 3.71676E+07 1.62656E+08 1.13060E+08 1.10081E+08 7.75849E+07 1.14125E+08 7.92045E+07 1.18446E+08 8.07196E+07 6.01761E+07 4.07934E+07 1.81049E+08 1.25546E+08 6.15500E+07 4.27892E+07 1.25094E+08 8.69891E+07 1.26092E+08 8.88699E+07 1.92905E+08 1.35996E+08 2.04317E+08 1.41168E+08 2.06755E+08 1.46967E+08 1.44263E+08 1.01513E+08 7.12562E+07 5.04328E+07 1.47144E+08 1.05641E+08 1.54567E+08 1.08514E+08 1.60662E+08 1.10343E+08 1.60662E+08 1.13687E+08 2.50078E+08 1.77217E+08 2.64039E+08 1.85995E+08 1.78611E+08 1.27897E+08 2.81546E+08 2.02452E+08 1.90578E+08 1.40854E+08 3.05479E+08 2.19954E+08 4.41764E+08 3.23453E+08 3.41710E+08 2.52242E+08 3.64203E+08 2.73715E+08 5.28853E+08 3.94142E+08 4.34783E+08 3.22617E+08 4.47636E+08 3.42157E+08 6.86745E+08 5.24024E+08 5.92453E+08 4.60703E+08 6.21372E+08 4.84213E+08 7.30511E+08 5.77315E+08 5.44144E+08 4.39177E+08 9.35383E+08 7.70102E+08 7.73835E+08 6.50459E+08 3.65865E+08 3.20736E+08 4.38883E+08 3.88133E+08 4.83093E+08 4.30714E+08 5.25640E+08 4.83795E+08 5.70847E+08 5.48057E+08 6.32896E+08 6.46279E+08 6.90512E+08 7.43456E+08 3.68414E+08 4.27945E+08 9.56102E+09 1.69328E+10 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 <Block #4 Restart option 0 IREST <Block #5, card #1 INUCL 120000 130000 140000 220000 240000 250000 260000 290000 300000 <Block #5, card #2 XCOMP 2.944E-03 5.632E-02 2.316E-04 5.093E-05 4.691E-05 2.072E-04 1.165E-04 2.559E-05 6.218E-05 <Block #5, card #1 INUCL 10000 50000 60000 80000 110000 120000 130000 140000 190000 200000 210000 220000 240000 250000 260000 280000 290000 300000 <Block #5, card #2 XCOMP 1.304E-02 8.070E-04 1.094E-04 4.345E-02 9.146E-04 2.337E-04 4.059E-03 1.578E-02 4.369E-04 1.443E-03 2.923E-05 2.961E-05 2.001E-06 8.839E-06 3.344E-04 2.239E-05 1.092E-06 2.653E-05 < Define unit as 29 shots, Unit time length is 72 days = 20x1.25 + 7x5.0 + 2x6.0, Repeat unit 150 times to get 30 years, Shot #1 - 100 kJ + 1.25 days cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 5.0000E-1 1.0000E+0 6.4800E+4 1.0800E+5 <Shot #2 - 100 kJ + 1.25 days cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0

100

10.80005E+4 10.80010E+4 6.4800E+4 1.0800E+5 <Shot #3 - 5 MJ + 5.0 days cooling 2 5 1 4 1 0 0 0 10.80005E+4 10.80010E+4 8.6400E+4 2.5920E+5 <Shot #4 - 100 kJ + 1.25 days cooling 2 4 1 5 1 0 0 0 43.20005E+4 43.20010E+4 6.4800E+4 1.0800E+5 <Shot #5 - 100 kJ + 1.25 days cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 10.80005E+4 10.80010E+4 6.4800E+4 1.0800E+5 <Shot #6 - 5 MJ + 5.0 days cooling 2 5 1 4 1 0 0 0 10.80005E+4 10.80010E+4 8.6400E+4 2.5920E+5 <Shot #7 - 100 kJ + 1.25 days cooling 2 4 1 5 1 0 0 0 43.20005E+4 43.20010E+4 6.4800E+4 1.0800E+5 <Shot #8 - 100 kJ + 1.25 days cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 10.80005E4 10.80010E+4 6.4800E+4 1.0800E+5 <Shot #9 - 20 MJ + 6.0 days cooling 2 5 1 4 1 0 0 0 10.80005E+4 10.80010E+4 8.6400E+4 2.5920E+5 <Shot #10 - 100 kJ + 1.25 days cooling 2 4 1 5 1 0 0 0 51.84005E+4 51.84010E+4 6.4800E+4 1.0800E+5 <Shot #11 - 100 kJ + 1.25 days cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 10.80005E+4 10.80010E+4 6.4800E+4 1.0800E+5 <Shot #12 - 100 kJ + 1.25 days cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 10.80005E+4 10.80010E+4 6.4800E+4 1.0800E+5 <Shot #13 - 5 MJ + 5.0 days cooling 2 5 1 4 1 0 0 0 10.80005E+4 10.80010E+4 8.6400E+4 2.5920E+5 <Shot #14 - 100 kJ + 1.25 days cooling 2 4 1 5 1 0 0 0 43.20005E+4 43.20010E+4 6.4800E+4 1.0800E+5 <Shot #15 - 100 kJ + 1.25 days cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 10.80005E+4 10.80010E+4 6.4800E+4 1.0800E+5 <Shot #16 - 100 kJ + 1.25 days cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 10.80005E+4 10.80010E+4 6.4800E+4 1.0800E+5 <Shot #17 - 5 MJ + 5.0 days cooling 2 5 1 4 1 0 0 0 10.80005E+4 10.80010E+4 8.6400E+4 2.5920E+5 <Shot #18 - 100 kJ + 1.25 days cooling 2 4 1 5 1 0 0 0 43.20005E+4 43.20010E+4 6.4800E+4 1.0800E+5 <Shot #19 - 100 kJ + 1.25 days cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 10.80005E+4 10.80010E+4 6.4800E+4 1.0800E+5 <Shot #20 - 20 MJ + 6.0 days cooling 2 5 1 4 1 0 0 0 10.80005E+4 10.80010E+4 8.6400E+4 2.5920E+5 <Shot #21 - 5 MJ + 5.0 days cooling 2 5 1 5 1 0 0 0 51.84005E+4 51.84010E+4 8.6400E+4 2.5920E+5 <Shot #22 - 100 kJ + 1.25 days cooling 2 4 1 5 1 0 0 0 43.20005E+4 43.20010E+4 6.4800E+4 1.0800E+5 <Shot #23 - 100 kJ + 1.25 days cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0

4.3200E+5

4.3200E+5

5.1840E+5

4.3200E+5

4.3200E+5

5.1840E+5

4.3200E+5

101

10.80005E+4 10.80010E+4 6.4800E+4 1.0800E+5 <Shot #24 - 5 MJ + 5.0 days cooling 2 5 1 4 1 0 0 0 10.80005E+4 10.80010E+4 8.6400E+4 2.5920E+5 4.3200E+5 <Shot #25 - 100 kJ + 1.25 days cooling 2 4 1 5 1 0 0 0 43.20005E+4 43.20010E+4 6.4800E+4 1.0800E+5 <Shot #26 - 100 kJ + 1.25 days cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 10.80005E+4 10.80010E+4 6.4800E+4 1.0800E+5 <Shot #27 - 5 MJ + 5.0 days cooling 2 5 1 4 1 0 0 0 10.80005E+4 10.80010E+4 8.6400E+4 2.5920E+5 4.3200E+5 <Shot #28 - 100 kJ + 1.25 days cooling 2 4 1 5 1 0 0 0 43.20005E+4 43.20010E+4 6.4800E+4 1.0800E+5 <Shot #29 - 100 kJ + 1.25 days cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 10.80005E+4 10.80010E+4 6.4800E+4 1.0800E+5 <Additional 20 MJ shot - outside of unit, Get results at 12 h, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, 5 d, 6 d, and 7 d 2 9 0 4 1 0 1 0 10.80005E+4 10.80010E+4 4.3200E+4 8.6400E+4 1.7280E+5 2.5920E+5 4.3200E+5 5.1840E+5 6.0480E+5 <Block #9 ERR XNORM 1.0E-25 1.0 <Block #10 Fission product inventory 0 0 1 IGFP IWFYD IFORT96 <Block #11 Type of run 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 IWP IMTX IWDR IDOSE IPHCUT IDHEAT IOFFSD ICEDE INEMISS IDAMAGE 1 1 1 1 PH BREM TOT RHOR 149 29 30 1 NOPUL NTSEQ NOTTS NVFL 1. 1. 50. 1. 1. 50. 1. 1. 200. 1. 1. 1. 50. 1. 1. 1. 50. 1. 1. 200. 50. 1. 1. 50. 1. 1. 50. 1. 1. 200. 0 NMULT <Block #12 Instantaneous feed of material 0 IIFD <Block #13 Control the output 0 1 NCYO IFSO <Card omitted, NCYO=0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (ITSO(I), I=1, NOTTS)

This example problem was used for a calculation of the neutron activation for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) Al-5083 target chamber and inner portion of the concrete (with Al-5083 rebar and boron) shield. The input simulates 30 years of operation of this facility. The neutron activation is to be calculated for two zones. The zonal volumes are given on the block #2, card #1, since Monte Carlo was used for the neutron transport (IGE = 4). The card #3 specifies that the first zone contains material #1 and the second contains material #2. Material #1 consists of 9 elements, and

102

material #2 is composed of 18 elements. The card #8 is used to request the various output tables: grams for all isotopes, activity for all isotopes, and afterheat for the most important isotopes. The card #7 gives cutoff limits for each of the types of output tables. This card specifies that isotopes will only be included in mass tables if they are present in more than 1 g, in activity tables if they have an activity of more than 1 Bq, and in afterheat tables if their decay heat is greater than 1 mW. Dummy values of 1.0 are specified for the remaining tables (that are not requested as output). The second timestep is used to impose the cutoffs. The 175-group neutron fluxes are specified using the block #3 in descending energy order alternating between the first and second zone (highest energy for zone #1, highest energy for zone #2, ..., lowest energy for zone #1, and lowest energy for zone #2). A non-restart case is addressed (IREST=0), then initial composition is read from block #5 (cards #1 and #2). The first occurrence of these cards gives the composition for Al-5083. The second gives the composition for concrete with Al5083 rebar and boron. A total of 30 sets are given with the first 29 sets being defined as a unit which gets repeated 149 times for a total of 150 cycles. Flux scaling factors are used to change to total flux level for each irradiation within the unit and for the final irradiation. The use of the flux scaling factors makes it possible to model 100 kJ, 5 MJ, and 20 MJ fusion yields on the NIF. Storage of inventory data for different cycles is not required (NMULT = 0). The generation of fission products is not addressed in this calculation (IGFP=0). And material is not fed instantaneously into the system (IIFD = 0). ACAB writes the complete output for one zone before starting another zone. Output is desired only for the last time set (set #30). Output tables for the cooling times appear in the order given in Table V.1. Tables VI.1 through VI.6 are excerpts of the ACAB output for the above example problem. Each output table appears with the isotopes in rows and the various cooling times in columns. If more than 10 cooling times were requested, the first ten would have been given in one table and the remaining times would follow in additional table(s).

103

Table VI.1. Example ACAB output. Isotopic masses are given for the NIF Al-5083 target chamber as a function of cooling time after 30 years of operation at 385 MJ/year plus a final, 20 MJ experiment. Isotopes with masses < 1 g at shut-down were omitted from the output
30 years in NIF - 385 MJ/year + final, 20 MJ shot - chamber & shielding CONCENTRATIONS AFTER IRRADIATION (SUMMARY FOR MOST IMPORTANT ISOTOPES) BY ZONE VOLUME OF ZONE : 3.20484E+07 CCM 0 NUCLIDE CONCENTRATIONS, GRAMS ZONE 1 INITIAL 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 2.970E+06 3.917E+05 0.000E+00 5.934E+04 2.729E+04 1.029E+05 0.000E+00 6.093E+04 9.090E+03 4.230E+04 1.390E+03 0.000E+00 8.660E+07 8.660E+07 RESTART 3.389E-04 4.839E-05 1.142E-03 2.974E-05 6.413E-04 2.728E-05 4.778E-05 1.839E-08 2.970E+06 3.917E+05 9.673E-05 5.934E+04 2.729E+04 1.029E+05 2.112E-06 6.093E+04 9.090E+03 4.230E+04 1.390E+03 2.582E-05 8.660E+07 8.660E+07 SHUTDOWN 3.395E-04 4.847E-05 1.144E-03 2.979E-05 6.424E-04 2.733E-05 4.784E-05 1.131E-05 2.970E+06 3.917E+05 9.673E-05 5.934E+04 2.729E+04 1.029E+05 2.225E-06 6.093E+04 9.090E+03 4.230E+04 1.390E+03 2.582E-05 8.660E+07 8.660E+07 4.32E+04S 3.395E-04 4.847E-05 1.144E-03 2.979E-05 6.424E-04 2.733E-05 4.786E-05 6.541E-06 2.970E+06 3.917E+05 8.64E+04S 3.395E-04 4.847E-05 1.144E-03 2.979E-05 6.424E-04 2.733E-05 4.786E-05 3.751E-06 2.970E+06 3.917E+05 1.73E+05S 3.395E-04 4.847E-05 1.144E-03 2.979E-05 6.424E-04 2.733E-05 4.786E-05 1.234E-06 2.970E+06 3.917E+05 2.59E+05S 3.395E-04 4.847E-05 1.144E-03 2.979E-05 6.424E-04 2.733E-05 4.786E-05 4.057E-07 2.970E+06 3.917E+05 4.32E+05S 3.395E-04 4.847E-05 1.144E-03 2.979E-05 6.424E-04 2.733E-05 4.786E-05 4.387E-08 2.970E+06 3.917E+05 5.18E+05S 3.395E-04 4.847E-05 1.144E-03 2.979E-05 6.424E-04 2.733E-05 4.786E-05 1.443E-08 2.970E+06 3.917E+05 6.05E+05S 3.395E-04 4.847E-05 1.144E-03 2.979E-05 6.424E-04 2.733E-05 4.786E-05 4.745E-09 2.970E+06 3.917E+05 30. TIME SET

H 1 H 2 HE 4 NE 20 NE 21 NE 22 NA 23 NA 24 MG 24 MG 25 ... NI 64 CU 63 CU 65 ZN 64 ZN 65 ZN 66 ZN 67 ZN 68 ZN 70 GA 69 SUBTOT TOTAL

9.681E-05 9.685E-05 9.688E-05 9.689E-05 9.689E-05 9.690E-05 9.690E-05 5.934E+04 5.934E+04 5.934E+04 5.934E+04 5.934E+04 5.934E+04 5.934E+04 2.729E+04 2.729E+04 2.729E+04 2.729E+04 2.729E+04 2.729E+04 2.729E+04 1.029E+05 1.029E+05 1.029E+05 1.029E+05 1.029E+05 1.029E+05 1.029E+05 2.222E-06 2.219E-06 2.212E-06 2.206E-06 2.193E-06 2.187E-06 2.181E-06 6.093E+04 6.093E+04 6.093E+04 6.093E+04 6.093E+04 6.093E+04 6.093E+04 9.090E+03 9.090E+03 9.090E+03 9.090E+03 9.090E+03 9.090E+03 9.090E+03 4.230E+04 4.230E+04 4.230E+04 4.230E+04 4.230E+04 4.230E+04 4.230E+04 1.390E+03 1.390E+03 1.390E+03 1.390E+03 1.390E+03 1.390E+03 1.390E+03 2.586E-05 2.586E-05 2.586E-05 2.586E-05 2.586E-05 2.586E-05 2.586E-05 8.660E+07 8.660E+07 8.660E+07 8.660E+07 8.660E+07 8.660E+07 8.660E+07 8.660E+07 8.660E+07 8.660E+07 8.660E+07 8.660E+07 8.660E+07 8.660E+07

104

Table VI.2. Example ACAB output. Radionuclide activities are given in disintegrations/second (Bq) for the NIF Al-5083 target chamber as a function of cooling time after 30 years of operation at 385 MJ/year plus a final, 20 MJ experiment. Isotopes with activities < 1 Bq at shutdown were omitted from the output
30 years in NIF - 385 MJ/year + final, 20 MJ shot - chamber & shielding CONCENTRATIONS AFTER IRRADIATION (SUMMARY FOR MOST IMPORTANT ISOTOPES) BY ZONE VOLUME OF ZONE : 3.20484E+07 CCM 0 NUCLIDE RADIOACTIVITY, DISINTEGRATIONS/SEC ZONE 1 INITIAL 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 9.253E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 1.723E+01 1.723E+01 RESTART 3.309E+08 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 5.944E+09 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 1.328E-07 9.253E+00 6.433E+08 7.611E+05 7.092E+05 0.000E+00 1.421E+02 8.101E-10 6.574E-26 1.013E+10 1.013E+10 SHUTDOWN 3.320E+08 3.576E+02 3.176E+04 3.448E+05 1.769E+03 9.077E+12 3.791E+01 3.653E+12 8.719E+16 9.581E+12 3.286E+08 3.427E+09 9.253E+00 6.777E+08 7.241E+10 5.148E+08 4.801E+09 5.386E+06 1.657E+01 5.736E+02 8.904E+16 8.904E+16 4.32E+04S 3.320E+08 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 2.113E+12 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 7.774E+03 9.253E+00 6.768E+08 3.124E+08 2.815E+08 0.000E+00 6.597E+05 1.036E-02 3.182E-08 2.332E+12 2.332E+12 8.64E+04S 3.320E+08 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 1.212E+12 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 1.763E-02 9.253E+00 6.758E+08 1.652E+08 1.539E+08 0.000E+00 8.080E+04 6.479E-06 1.765E-18 1.235E+12 1.235E+12 1.73E+05S 3.319E+08 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 3.986E+11 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 9.072E-14 9.253E+00 6.739E+08 4.939E+07 4.604E+07 0.000E+00 1.212E+03 2.534E-12 5.432E-39 4.062E+11 4.062E+11 2.59E+05S 3.319E+08 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 1.311E+11 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 4.668E-25 9.253E+00 6.720E+08 1.477E+07 1.377E+07 0.000E+00 1.818E+01 9.909E-19 0.000E+00 1.364E+11 1.364E+11 4.32E+05S 3.318E+08 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 1.418E+10 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 9.253E+00 6.682E+08 1.321E+06 1.231E+06 0.000E+00 4.090E-03 2.798E-24 0.000E+00 1.868E+10 1.868E+10 5.18E+05S 3.317E+08 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 4.662E+09 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 9.253E+00 6.663E+08 3.950E+05 3.682E+05 0.000E+00 6.135E-05 2.791E-24 0.000E+00 9.076E+09 9.076E+09 6.05E+05S 3.317E+08 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 1.533E+09 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 9.253E+00 6.644E+08 1.181E+05 1.101E+05 0.000E+00 9.203E-07 2.784E-24 0.000E+00 5.899E+09 5.899E+09 30. TIME SET

H 3 O 19 F 20 F 21 F 22 NE 23 NE 24 NA 24 NA 24M NA 25 ... CU 70M ZN 63 ZN 64 ZN 65 ZN 69 ZN 69M ZN 71 ZN 71M GA 68 GA 70 SUBTOT TOTAL

105

Table VI.3. Example ACAB output. Decay heat is given in Watts (W) for the inner portion of the NIF concrete shielding as a function of cooling time after 30 years of operation at 385 MJ/year plus a final, 20 MJ experiment. Isotopes with a decay heat of < 10-3 W at shutdown were omitted from the output
30 years in NIF - 385 MJ/year + final, 20 MJ shot - chamber & shielding CONCENTRATIONS AFTER IRRADIATION (SUMMARY FOR MOST IMPORTANT ISOTOPES) BY ZONE VOLUME OF ZONE : 6.79673E+07 CCM 0 NUCLIDE THERMAL POWER, WATTS ZONE 2 INITIAL 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 5.889E-06 RESTART 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 4.421E-07 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 2.704E-12 0.000E+00 3.800E-08 0.000E+00 1.115E-02 1.142E-02 SHUTDOWN 4.288E+02 4.740E+01 1.165E+00 2.392E+02 4.773E+00 2.915E+03 4.263E-01 3.617E-02 1.339E+02 1.271E+01 2.776E-01 1.528E-02 1.198E-02 1.220E-03 3.710E-03 1.137E-03 2.831E-02 6.596E-03 4.005E-03 1.071E-03 6.148E+03 6.148E+03 4.32E+04S 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 1.108E-02 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 3.350E-22 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 6.947E-11 0.000E+00 1.565E-05 0.000E+00 2.674E-01 2.681E-01 8.64E+04S 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 4.424E-04 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 8.777E-38 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 5.962E-11 0.000E+00 8.248E-06 0.000E+00 1.506E-01 1.511E-01 1.73E+05S 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 7.051E-07 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 4.391E-11 0.000E+00 2.466E-06 0.000E+00 5.709E-02 5.747E-02 2.59E+05S 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 1.124E-09 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 3.234E-11 0.000E+00 7.374E-07 0.000E+00 2.663E-02 2.697E-02 4.32E+05S 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 2.855E-15 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 1.754E-11 0.000E+00 6.594E-08 0.000E+00 1.324E-02 1.355E-02 5.18E+05S 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 4.550E-18 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 1.292E-11 0.000E+00 1.972E-08 0.000E+00 1.208E-02 1.238E-02 6.05E+05S 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 7.251E-21 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 9.515E-12 0.000E+00 5.897E-09 0.000E+00 1.163E-02 1.193E-02 30. TIME SET

LI BE BE B C N N O F NE

8 8 11 12 15 16 17 19 20 23

MN 56 MN 57 MN 58M CO 62 CO 64 CU 62 CU 66 CU 68 ZN 69 ZN 71 SUBTOT TOTAL

106

Table VI.4. Example ACAB output. Contact -ray dose rate from a semi-infinite medium that contains the calculated concentrations of each radionuclide is given in Sv/hour for the NIF Al-5083 target chamber as a function of cooling time after 30 years of operation at 385 MJ/year plus a final, 20 MJ experiment. Isotopes that contribute less than 1 Sv/hour at shutdown were omitted from the output
30 years in NIF - 385 MJ/year + final, 20 MJ shot - chamber & shielding CONCENTRATIONS AFTER IRRADIATION BY ZONE VOLUME OF ZONE : 3.20484E+07 CCM SURFACE DOSE RATES DUE TO DECAY EMITTED PHOTONS IN SV/H ISOTOPE NE 23 NA 24 NA 24M NA 25 NA 26 MG 27 AL 29 AL 30 SC 46M SC 48 ... CO 62M NI 65 CU 62 CU 66 CU 68 CU 68M CU 70 ZN 63 ZN 65 ZN 71 TOTAL SHUTDOWN 3.711E-03 5.409E-02 9.562E+01 1.193E-02 5.309E-01 7.270E-01 4.140E-04 1.476E-02 4.131E-05 3.354E-06 9.282E-06 1.427E-06 2.625E-06 2.634E-04 1.758E-04 1.064E-05 2.103E-06 1.528E-06 1.177E-06 3.870E-06 1.063E+02 4.32E+04S 0.000E+00 3.129E-02 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 2.772E-06 2.432E-21 5.261E-08 0.000E+00 3.287E-13 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 3.467E-12 1.175E-06 0.000E+00 3.238E-02 8.64E+04S 0.000E+00 1.795E-02 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 2.291E-06 6.371E-37 1.939E-09 0.000E+00 2.821E-13 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 7.864E-18 1.174E-06 0.000E+00 1.800E-02 1.73E+05S 0.000E+00 5.902E-03 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 1.565E-06 0.000E+00 2.634E-12 0.000E+00 2.078E-13 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 4.046E-29 1.170E-06 0.000E+00 5.910E-03 2.59E+05S 0.000E+00 1.941E-03 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 1.069E-06 0.000E+00 3.578E-15 0.000E+00 1.530E-13 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 2.082E-40 1.167E-06 0.000E+00 1.949E-03 4.32E+05S 0.000E+00 2.099E-04 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 4.992E-07 0.000E+00 6.603E-21 0.000E+00 8.300E-14 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 1.160E-06 0.000E+00 2.174E-04 5.18E+05S 0.000E+00 6.903E-05 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 3.410E-07 0.000E+00 8.970E-24 0.000E+00 6.113E-14 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 1.157E-06 0.000E+00 7.636E-05 6.05E+05S 0.000E+00 2.270E-05 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 2.330E-07 0.000E+00 1.219E-26 0.000E+00 4.502E-14 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 1.154E-06 0.000E+00 2.991E-05 30. TIME SET

107

Table VI.5. Example ACAB output. Contact Bremsstrahlung dose rate from a semi-infinite medium that contains the calculated concentrations of each radionuclide. It is given in Sv/hour for the inner portion of the NIF concrete shielding as a function of cooling time after 30 years of operation at 385 MJ/year plus a final, 20 MJ experiment. Isotopes that contribute less than 1 Sv/hour at shutdown were omitted from the output
130 years in NIF - 385 MJ/year + final, 20 MJ shot - chamber & shielding CONCENTRATIONS AFTER IRRADIATION BY ZONE VOLUME OF ZONE : 6.79673E+07 CCM BREMSSTRAHLUNG CONTACT DOSE RATE IN SV/H 4.32E+04S 8.64E+04S 1.73E+05S 2.59E+05S 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 8.561E-07 4.910E-07 1.615E-07 5.310E-08 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 3.036E-21 2.039E-21 9.200E-22 4.151E-22 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 9.589E-08 4.009E-09 7.006E-12 1.225E-14 6.692E-07 3.414E-07 8.884E-08 2.312E-08 1.937E-07 7.733E-09 1.233E-11 1.964E-14 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 5.062E-15 4.344E-15 3.199E-15 2.356E-15 9.396E-60 9.215E-60 8.863E-60 8.524E-60 1.817E-06 8.451E-07 2.512E-07 7.701E-08 30. TIME SET

ISOTOPE LI 8 BE 11 B 12 C 15 N 16 N 17 O 19 F 20 NE 23 NA 24 NA 25 NA 26 MG 27 AL 28 AL 29 AL 30 SI 31 K 42 MN 56 MN 57 MN 58M CO 64 CU 66 AS 74 TOTAL

SHUTDOWN 2.278E-01 4.963E-04 1.927E-01 6.283E-04 2.936E-01 2.035E-06 3.416E-06 1.977E-02 2.003E-03 1.469E-06 1.773E-05 7.403E-04 7.940E-05 1.922E-02 5.058E-05 4.371E-03 2.294E-06 1.312E-06 4.852E-06 1.147E-06 3.388E-06 1.262E-06 2.062E-06 9.581E-60 7.615E-01

4.32E+05S 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 5.742E-09 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 8.448E-23 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 3.740E-20 1.566E-09 4.990E-20 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 1.278E-15 7.884E-60 8.040E-09

5.18E+05S 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 1.888E-09 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 3.811E-23 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 6.537E-23 4.076E-10 7.953E-23 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 9.413E-16 7.583E-60 3.009E-09

6.05E+05S 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 6.210E-10 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 1.719E-23 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 1.142E-25 1.061E-10 1.268E-25 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 6.932E-16 7.293E-60 1.427E-09

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Table VI.6. Example ACAB output. Calculated -ray spectrum is given in photons/cm3/second in each of the 24 groups specified on the card #6, block #2. The spectrum was calculated for the NIF Al-5083 target chamber as a function of cooling time after 30 years of operation at 385 MJ/year plus a final, 20 MJ experiment. The spectrum can be used for subsequent photon transport to obtain a more accurate estimate of the target chamber dose rate
30 years in NIF - 385 MJ/year + final, 20 MJ shot - chamber & shielding ACTIVATION GAMMA RAY SPECTRUM AS A FUNCTION OF TIME BY ZONE VOLUME OF ZONE % 3.20484E+07 CCM 0 GROUP PHOTON RELEASE RATES, PHOTONS/CCM/SEC ZONE 1 EMEAN (MEV) 1.70E+01 1.30E+01 1.10E+01 9.00E+00 7.25E+00 5.75E+00 4.50E+00 3.50E+00 2.75E+00 2.25E+00 1.85E+00 1.55E+00 1.30E+00 1.10E+00 9.00E-01 7.00E-01 5.00E-01 3.50E-01 2.50E-01 1.50E-01 7.50E-02 3.50E-02 1.50E-02 5.00E-03 TOTAL MEV/SEC TIME AFTER SHUTDOWN 8.64E+04S 1.73E+05S 2.59E+05S 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 2.90E-32 7.64E-52 1.77E-54 2.99E-01 9.83E-02 3.23E-02 2.38E+01 7.69E+00 2.53E+00 3.78E+04 1.24E+04 4.09E+03 3.33E+01 5.32E-02 9.17E-05 6.48E+01 1.03E-01 1.70E-04 7.93E-03 1.41E-04 1.28E-04 3.98E+04 1.31E+04 4.31E+03 1.93E+01 1.71E+01 1.57E+01 2.98E+02 7.20E+01 6.97E+01 2.23E-03 7.57E-04 7.28E-04 4.00E+00 1.20E+00 3.59E-01 1.66E+00 1.62E+00 1.58E+00 3.23E-04 2.47E-04 1.89E-04 2.66E+00 2.08E+00 1.63E+00 9.46E-02 7.23E-02 5.53E-02 1.72E-06 1.48E-06 1.27E-06 1.87E-08 1.86E-08 1.85E-08 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 7.81E+04 2.56E+04 8.49E+03 1.56E+05 5.13E+04 1.69E+04

0 0

SHUTDOWN 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.27E-16 3.89E-16 2.03E-12 1.23E+04 2.04E+04 2.29E+05 6.38E+04 4.66E+07 9.39E+04 1.50E+05 2.38E+06 5.97E+06 1.17E+02 2.56E+09 4.35E+04 2.18E+03 8.95E+04 9.44E+01 2.01E-06 1.18E+02 2.21E-41 2.61E+09 1.37E+09

4.32E+04S 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.80E-22 5.21E-01 5.06E+01 6.60E+04 8.35E+02 1.62E+03 2.11E-01 6.94E+04 2.31E+01 5.66E+03 1.43E-02 7.34E+00 1.74E+00 3.70E-04 3.02E+00 1.09E-01 1.86E-06 1.87E-08 0.00E+00 1.44E+05 2.82E+05

4.32E+05S 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 5.31E-56 3.50E-03 2.73E-01 4.42E+02 7.00E-06 3.62E-06 1.24E-04 4.68E+02 1.40E+01 6.75E+01 7.15E-04 3.28E-02 1.50E+00 1.10E-04 1.02E+00 3.23E-02 9.36E-07 1.84E-08 0.00E+00 9.94E+02 1.90E+03

5.18E+05S 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 9.21E-57 1.15E-03 8.99E-02 1.45E+02 7.00E-06 3.11E-06 1.23E-04 1.55E+02 1.35E+01 6.68E+01 7.09E-04 1.03E-02 1.46E+00 8.43E-05 8.12E-01 2.47E-02 8.03E-07 1.83E-08 0.00E+00 3.83E+02 6.77E+02

6.05E+05S 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.59E-57 3.78E-04 2.96E-02 4.78E+01 7.00E-06 2.67E-06 1.21E-04 5.18E+01 1.32E+01 6.63E+01 7.04E-04 3.46E-03 1.42E+00 6.44E-05 6.49E-01 1.89E-02 6.89E-07 1.82E-08 0.00E+00 1.81E+02 2.74E+02

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B.- Fission products The second example shows an input file dealing with calculation of fission products. Example #2:
Natural Uranium irradiated during 512 seconds <Block #1, card #2 0 IUNC <Block #1, card #3 2193 800000 0 0 1 1 2 1 0 24 1 0 4 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 <Block #2, card #1 XRR 3.62298E+05 1.0 <Block #2, card #3 MA 1 <Block #2, card #4 NUCZO 1 <Block #2, card #6 EGRP 20.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.5 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.66 1.44 1.22 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.00 <Block #2, card #7 CUTOFF 1.00E+00 1.00E-06 1.00E+00 1.00E-03 1.00E+001 .00E+00 <Block #2, card #8 NTO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 <Block #3 FLUX 9.67725E+14 <Block #4 Restart option 0 IREST <Block #5 Initial material composition 920000 INUCL <Block #5 Initial material composition 2.306E-07 XCOMP <Block #7 Irradiation temporal history 10 10 0 0 1 0 0 0 <Block #8 Ending times of each timestep 1.000E+00 2.000E+00 4.000E+00 8.000E+00 1.600E+01 3.200E+01 6.400E+01 1.280E+02 2.560E+02 5.120E+02 <Block #9 ERR XNORM 1.0E-25 1.0E+00 <Block #10 Fission product inventory 1 1 1 IGFP IWFYD IFORT96 <Block #11 Type of run 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 IWP IMTX IWD IDOSE IPHCUT IDHEAT IOFFSD ICEDE INEMISS IDAMAGE 0 0 1 0 PH BREM TOT RHOR 0 1 1 0 NOPUL NTSEQ NOTTS NVFL <Block #12 Instantaneous feed of material 0 IIFD <Block #13 Output control 0 1 NCYO IFSO 1 ITSO

This input is used for a calculation of the inventory coming from irradiation of natural Uranium during 512 seconds. Initial composition is read from block #5 (non-restart case, IREST=0). Fission products are included in the inventory calculation (IGFP=1), and the fission yields cross sections (IFORT96=1) from all the fissionable nuclides included in the activation library are considered (IWFYD=1).

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C.- Pulse irradiation scenarios. Restart options In the following example #3 we simulate the same situation that the one simulated using inputs examples #4 and #5 successively. With these three examples we illustrate the use of the restart option (parameter IREST) as well as the new capabilities for simulating a pulsed irradiation/cooling history. Example #3:
Activation of silver. Pulsed irradiation scenario (IREST=0, NOPUL=8) <Block #1, card #2 IUNC 0 <Block #1, card #3 2193 300000 0 0 1 1 2 1 0 24 1 0 4 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 <Block #2, card #1 XRR 3.62298E+05 1.0 <Block #2, card #3 MA 1 <Block #2, card #4 NUCZO 1 <Block #2, card #6 EGRP 20.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.5 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.66 1.44 1.22 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.00 <Block #2, card #7 CUTOFF 1.00E+00 1.00E-06 1.00E+00 1.00E-03 1.00E+001 .00E+00 <Block #2, card #8 NTO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 <Block #3 FLUX 9.67725E+14 <Block #4 Restart option 0 IREST <Block #5 Initial material composition 470000 INUCL 2.306E-07 XCOMP <Block #7 Irradiation and cooling temporal history 2 4 0 4 1 0 0 0 <Block #8 Ending times of each timestep 2.5E-01 5E-01 2.5E-01 5E-01 <Block #9 ERR XNORM 1.0E-25 1.0E+00 <Block #10 Fission product inventory 0 0 0 IGFP IWFYD IFORT96 <Block #11 Type of run 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 IWP IMTX IWDR IDOSE IPHCUT IDHEAT IOFFSD ICEDE INEMISS IDAMAGE 0 0 1 0 PH BREM TOT RHOR 8 1 1 0 NOPUL NTSEQ NOTTS NVFL 0 NMULT <Block #12 Instantaneous feed of material 0 IIFD <Block #13 Control the output 1 0 NCYO IFSO 9 ICYO 1 ITSO

This input is used for a calculation of the neutron activation for Ag under a pulsed irradiation scenario. The only set of the input is defined as an unit. In this case, irradiation takes place over 0.5 seconds, followed by 0.5 seconds of cooling.

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The unit gets repeated 8 times for a total of 9 irradiation/cooling cycles. It is seen that no additional sets to those the unit must be given to end up the simulation of a pulsed irradiation scenario, as it was needed in the former ACAB version. The initial material composition is read in block #5 (IREST=0). In the next examples #4 and #5, we simulate the same scenario than in example #3. Example #4:
Activation of silver. Pulsed irradiation scenario (IREST=0, NOPUL=5) <Block #1, card #2 IUNC 0 <Block #1, card #3 2193 300000 0 0 1 1 2 1 0 24 1 0 4 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 <Block #2, card #1 XRR 3.62298E+05 1.0 <Block #2, card #3 MA 1 <Block #2, card #4 NUCZO 1 <Block #2, card #6 EGRP 20.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.5 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.66 1.44 1.22 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.00 <Block #2, card #7 CUTOFF 1.00E+00 1.00E-06 1.00E+00 1.00E-03 1.00E+001 .00E+00 <Block #2, card #8 NTO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 <Block #3 FLUX 9.67725E+14 <Block #4 Restart option 0 IREST <Block #5 Initial material composition 470000 INUCL 2.306E-07 XCOMP <Block #7 Irradiation and cooling temporal history 2 4 0 4 1 0 0 0 <Block #8 Ending times of each timestep 2.5E-01 5E-01 2.5E-01 5E-01 <Block #9 ERR XNORM 1.0E-25 1.0E+00 <Block #10 Fission product inventory 0 0 0 IGFP IWFYD IFORT96 <Block #11 Type of run 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 IWP IMTX IWDR IDOSE IPHCUT IDHEAT IOFFSD ICEDE INEMISS IDAMAGE 0 0 1 0 PH BREM TOT RHOR 5 1 1 0 NOPUL NTSEQ NOTTS NVFL 0 NMULT <Block #12 Instantaneous feed of material 0 IIFD <Block #13 Output control 1 0 NCYO IFSO 6 ICYO 1 ITSO

The only difference between input #3 and #4 is the value assigned to the parameter NOPUL.

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In this case the unit gets repeated 5 (NOPUL=5) times for a total of 6 irradiation/cooling cycles. Example #5:
Activation of silver. Pulsed irradiation scenario (IREST=1, NOPUL=2) <Block #1, card #2 IUNC 0 <Block #1, card #3 2193 300000 0 0 1 1 2 1 0 24 1 0 4 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 <Block #2, card #1 XRR 3.62298E+05 1.0 <Block #2, card #3 MA 1 <Block #2, card #4 NUCZO 1 <Block #2, card #6 EGRP 20.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.5 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.66 1.44 1.22 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.00 <Block #2, card #7 CUTOFF 1.00E+00 1.00E-06 1.00E+00 1.00E-03 1.00E+001 .00E+00 <Block #2, card #8 NTO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 <Block #3 FLUX 9.67725E+14 <Block #4 Restart option 1 IREST <Block #7 Irradiation and cooling temporal history 2 4 0 4 1 0 0 0 <Block #8 Ending times of each timestep 2.5E-01 5E-01 2.5E-01 5E-01 <Block #9 ERR XNORM 1.0E-25 1.0E+00 <Block #10 Fission product inventory 0 0 0 IGFP IWFYD IFORT96 <Block #11 Type of run 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 IWP IMTX IWDR IDOSE IPHCUT IDHEAT IOFFSD ICEDE INEMISS IDAMAGE 0 0 1 0 PH BREM TOT RHOR 2 1 1 0 NOPUL NTSEQ NOTTS NVFL 0 NMULT <Block #12 Instantaneous feed of material 0 IIFD <Block #13 Output control 1 0 NCYO IFSO 3 ICYO 1 ITSO

This input is used for a restart problem. The parameter IREST=1 tells ACAB to read initial material compositions from UNIT 37. Cards of block #5, corresponding to a non-restart problem, are not given. The unit (defined the same than in examples #3 and #4) gets repeated two times for a total of three irradiation/cooling cycles. This input #5 together with the UNIT 37 written by a run using file #4 make ACAB output the same results than those computed with input #3.

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Inputs #4 and #5 tell ACAB to calculate for 9 cycles (6 + 3). This number of cycles is the same when running with input #3. In the next two examples (examples #6 and #7) we can illustrate the strategy recommended to model pulsed irradiation scenarios that can be simulated by defining a unit of sets that gets repeated a very large number of times. A typical case is the operation of a Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) power plant. In problems like these in which a long running time is required, it should be avoided that in case of computer shutdown, the work made in a run before the incident can be wasted. Using the parameter NMULT allows periodical storage of the inventory concentration, which permit to restart the run using as initial concentration one of the records written in unit 48. Other aspect of these types of problems is the large amount of information that could be needed in order to properly analyze the evolution of the inventory. This question is also efficiently addressed by the parameter NMULT. Information potentially needed is storage in unit 48 in a compact way, requiring a very reduced disk space. In addition to the use of NMULT, we would also recommend, instead of making a only run for modeling the full operation, to make several runs up to reach the final operation time. This enable a better control of the progress of the calculation, and it can be made straightforward using the IREST parameter capabilities (unit 37), or if computer shutdown using unit 48. Following the indicated strategy, examples #6 and #7 model the activation of niobium under FSW IFE operation conditions. Repetition rate is 5 Hz (pulse of 200 ms, with 1ms of on time, and 199 ms of off time), and the evolution of the inventory up to 24 hours of operation is required. Example #6:
HYLIFEII Activation of Nb (FSW) - 5 Hz 12 hours operation <Block #1, card #2 IUNC 0 <Block #1, card #3 2193 300000 0 0 1 1 2 1 0 24 1 0 4 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 <Block #2, card #1 XRR 3.62298E+05 1.0 <Block #2, card #3 MA 1 <Block #2, card #4 NUCZO 1 <Block #2, card #6 EGRP 20.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.5 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.66 1.44 1.22 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.00

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<Block #2, card #7 CUTOFF 1.00E+00 1.00E-06 1.00E+00 1.00E-03 1.00E+001 .00E+00 <Block #2, card #8 NTO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 <Block #3 FLUX 19.3545E+16 <Block #4 Restart option 0 IREST <Block #5, card #1 Initial material composition, INUCL 410000 <Block #5, card #2 Initial material composition, XCOMP 2.306E-07 <Block #7 Irradiation and cooling temporal history 2 4 0 4 1 0 0 0 <Block #8 Ending times of each timestep 5.0E-04 1.0E-03 9.95E-02 1.99E-01 <Block #9 ERR XNORM 1.0E-25 1.0E+00 <Block #10 Fission product inventory 0 0 0 IGFP IWFYD IFORT96 <Block #11 Type of run 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 IWP IMTX IWDR IDOSE IPHCUT IDHEAT IOFFSD ICEDE INEMISS IDAMAGE 0 0 1 0 PH BREM TOT RHOR 215999 1 1 0 NOPUL NTSEQ NOTTS NVFL 18000 NMULT <Block #12 Instantaneous feed of material 0 IIFD <Block #13 Output control 1 0 NCYO IFSO 216000 ICYO 1 ITSO

This input is used to begin the calculations. The initial material composition is given in the file (IREST = 0). At every hour of operation, that is, every 18000 cycles (NMULT=18000), the corresponding inventory data are stored in unit 48. The inventory data corresponding to the last time step (that is, at 12 hours of operation) is always automatically written in unit 37. Example #7:
HYLIFEII Activation of Nb (FSW) - 5 Hz 24 hours operation <Block #1, card #2 IUNC 0 <Block #1, card #3 2193 300000 0 0 1 1 2 1 0 24 1 0 4 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 <Block #2, card #1 XRR 3.62298E+05 1.0 <Block #2, card #3 MA 1 <Block #2, card #4 NUCZO 1 <Block #2, card #6 EGRP 20.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.5 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.66 1.44 1.22 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.00 <Block #2, card #7 CUTOFF 1.00E+00 1.00E-06 1.00E+00 1.00E-03 1.00E+001 .00E+00 <Block #2, card #8 NTO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 <Block #3 FLUX

115

19.3545E+16 <Block #4 Restart option 1 IREST <Block #7 Irradiation and cooling temporal history 2 4 0 4 1 0 0 0 <Block #8 Ending times of each timestep 5.0E-04 1.0E-03 9.95E-02 1.99E-01 <Block #9 ERR XNORM 1.0E-25 1.0E+00 <Block #10 Fission product inventory 0 0 0 IGFP IWFYD IFORT96 <Block #11 Type of run 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 IWP IMTX IWDR IDOSE IPHCUT IDHEAT IOFFSD ICEDE INEMISS IDAMAGE 0 0 1 0 PH BREM TOT RHOR 215999 1 1 0 NOPUL NTSEQ NOTTS NVFL 18000 NMULT <Block #12 Instantaneous feed of material 0 IIFD <Block #13 Output control 1 0 NCYO IFSO 216000 ICYO 1 ITSO

This input is used for a restart problem. The parameter IREST=1 tells ACAB to read the material compositions from the unit 37 written in the precedent case (input #6). This input file differs from input file #6 only in the parameter IREST and in the block #5. When the run is done the inventory data of the last time step of the calculation (at 24 hours of operation) is overwritten in unit 37. The calculations can be continued for a longer operation time using additional input files just like the file of input #7, and the unit 37 generated in the corresponding precedent case.

116

D.- Activation of target debris in NIF-type facilities. Feeding capability The following examples address the issue of the activation analysis of target debris in the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The neutron activation of the target materials is modeled in two phases: the primary activation occurs with the target in its initial configuration; the secondary activation occurs after the target is vaporized and deposited upon the target chamber first wall. Firstly, the operational scenario considered in the example problems is described. Activated debris is assumed to accumulate into the target chamber for a year. At this time the material is supposed to be removed out of the chamber. The 1-year activity evolution into the chamber due to activated target debris is the question addressed in the examples. The assumption concerning the annual number of D-T experiments is shown in Table VI.7. Table VI.7. Annual number of D-T experiments in NIF Experiment type (yield) Number of shots Indirect drive (20 MJ) 25 Indirect drive (5 MJ) 25 Indirect drive (0.1 MJ) 195 Direct drive (20 MJ) 25 Direct drive (5 MJ) 15 Direct drive (0.1 MJ) 50 Total 335 The sequence of shots used in the examples has been designed under two assumptions. First, the annual number of shots can be distributed along the year in 5 identical series (units) of shots. Thus, the number of shots of the basic unit is 67, distributed over a 73 day (1/5-year) time period. The second assumptions is that in the 73-day unit all indirect drive fusion experiments (49 shots) take place first, and after that, all the direct-drive targets (18) are shot. The shots of the 67-pulse series are shown in Table VI.8. The total cooling time associated at a given shot depend on the yield of the shot and also on the yield of the precedent shot. According with the aftershot cooling time we have 5 different types of shots. If for denomination purposes, a 100 kJ shot is referred as short (S), a 5 MJ shot as large (L), and a 20 MJ shot as very large (VL); the 5 types of shots can be referred as: S after S (Sas), S after L (Sal), S after VL (Savl), L after S (Las), and VL after S (Vlas). Table VI.9 shows the time steps used in the examples for the shutdown period between the different shot, and Table VI.10 describes the 67 shots of the basic series.

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Table VI.8. Assumed D-T shots in the 67-pulse series for calculation purposes Experiment type (yield) Indirect drive (20 MJ) Indirect drive (5 MJ) Indirect drive (0.1 MJ) Direct drive (20 MJ) Direct drive (5 MJ) Direct drive (0.1 MJ) Total Number of shots 5 5 39 5 4 10 67

Table VI.9. Time steps for cooling between shots CURRENT SHOT 100 kJ (S) 5 MJ (L) 20 MJ (VL) PRECEDENT SHOT 100 kJ (S) 5 MJ (L) 2h 4h (Sas) 2.875h 5.75h (Sal) 16h 36h (Las) --3060120h (Vlas) --20 MJ (VL) 5h 10h (Savl) -----

Table VI.10. Description of the 67-shot series


Shot number Shot # 1 Shot # 2 Shot # 3 Shot # 4 Shot # 5 Shot # 6 Shot # 7 Shot # 8 Shot # 9 Shot # 10 Shot # 11 Shot # 12 Shot # 13 Shot # 14 Shot # 15 Shot # 16 Shot # 17 Shot # 18 Shot # 19 Shot # 20 Shot # 21 Shot # 22 Shot # 23 Shot type S Sas Sas Sas Las Sal Sas Sas Sas Vlas Savl Sas Sas Sas Las Sas Sas Sas Sas Vlas Savl Sas Sas Shot number Shot # 24 Shot # 25 Shot # 26 Shot # 27 Shot # 28 Shot # 29 Shot # 30 Shot # 31 Shot # 32 Shot # 33 Shot # 34 Shot # 35 Shot # 36 Shot # 37 Shot # 38 Shot # 39 Shot # 40 Shot # 41 Shot # 42 Shot # 43 Shot # 44 Shot # 45 Shot # 46 Shot type Sas Las Sal Sas Sas Sas Vlas Savl Sas Sas Sas Las Sal Sas Sas Sas Vlas Savl Sas Sas Sas Las Sal Shot number Shot # 47 Shot # 48 Shot # 49 Shot # 50 Shot # 51 Shot # 52 Shot # 53 Shot # 54 Shot # 55 Shot # 56 Shot # 57 Shot # 58 Shot # 59 Shot # 60 Shot # 61 Shot # 62 Shot # 63 Shot # 64 Shot # 65 Shot # 66 Shot # 67 Shot type Vlas Savl Sas Sas Vlas Savl Sas Sas Vlas Savl Las Sal Vlas Savl Las Sal Vlas Savl Las Sal Vlas

Shots from #1 to # 49 are indirect drive type. Shots from # 50 to # 67 are direct drive type.

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Gold, as nominal choice of hohlraum material for NIF, is the material considered in the input examples. The irradiation conditions assumed for gold in the hohlraum case are an irradiation time of 1 ns, a neutron flux of 1.6168 1025 n/cm2.s for the the 100-kJ shot, 50 times more (8.084 1026 n/cm2.s) for the the 5-MJ shot, and 200 times more (3.2336 1027n/cm2.s) for the the 20-MJ shot. The average neutron energy in the case is 12.28 MeV. The irradiation conditions assumed for the activated gold deposited onto the inner surface of the target chamber are an irradiation time of 1 ms, and neutron fluxes of 7.2331 1013 n/cm2.s, 3.6168 1015 n/cm2.s, and 1.4467 1016 n/cm2.s for the 100-kJ, 5-MJ, and 20-MJ shots, respectively. The average neutron energy in the inner surface of the target chamber is 3.15 MeV. Once presented the problem, we next describe the inputs used to model it. Example #8:
Hohlraum case of gold is activated by a 100 kJ shot (first shot) <Block #1, card #2 0 IUNC <Block #1, card #3 2193 250000 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 24 1 0 4 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 <Block #2, card #1 XRR 1.0 1.0 <Block #2, card #3 MA 1 <Block #2, card #4 NUCZO 1 <Block #2, card #6 EGRP 20.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.5 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.66 1.44 1.22 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.00 <Block #2, card #7 CUTOFF 1.00E+00 0.00E-06 1.00E+00 1.00E-03 1.00E+001 .00E+00 <Block #2, card #8 NTO 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 <Block #3 Neutron flux in the hohlraum case from a 100 kJ shot 1.6168E+25 <Block #4 Restart option 0 IREST <Block #5, card #1 Initial material composition, INUCL 790000 <Block #5, card #2 Initial material composition, XCOMP 3.058E-03 <Block #7 Irradiation and cooling temporal history: 1 ns irradiation time, 4 hours cooling 2 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 <Block #8 Ending times of each timestep 0.5000E-09 1.0000E-09 1.44E+04 <Block #9 ERR XNORM 1.0E-25 1.0E+00 <Block #10 Fission product inventory 0 0 0 IGFP IWFYD IFORT96 <Block #11 Type of run 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 IWP IMTX IWDR IDOSE IPHCUT IDHEAT IOFFSD ICEDE INEMISS IDAMAGE 0 0 0 1 PH BREM TOT RHOR 0 1 1 0 NOPUL NTSEQ NOTTS NVFL

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<Block #12 Instantaneous feed of material 0 IIFD <Block #13 Output control 0 1 NCYO IFSO <omit card NCYO=0 1 ITSO

This case model the evolution of the inventory into the chamber due to the activation of the golden hohlraum case caused by the first shot (a 100-kJ shot). The irradiation time is 1 ns, and the shutdown period is 4 hours. Here, as in the next inputs, the mass of gold considered is 1 g for straightforward scaling purposes. Example #9:
Inventory into the target chamber due to 1+66 shots (1/5 year) <Block #1, card #2 0 IUNC <Block #1, card #3 2193 250000 0 0 1 0 2 2 0 24 1 0 4 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 <Block #2, card #1 XRR 1.0 1.0 <Block #2, card #3 MA 1 <Block #2, card #4 NUCZO 2193 <Block #2, card #6 EGRP 20.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.5 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.66 1.44 1.22 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.00 <Block #2, card #7 CUTOFF 1.00E+00 0.00E-06 1.00E+00 1.00E-03 1.00E+001 .00E+00 <Block #2, card #8 NTO 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 <Block #3 Flux in the inner surface of the target chamber from a 100 kJ shot 7.2331E+13 <Block #4 Restart option 1 IREST < **Series of 66 shots (direct drive shots start at shot #50), <**Shot #2 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 0.5E-03 1.0E-03 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 < **Shot #3 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #4 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #5 5MJ +1,5 d of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 6.48E+04 1.296E+05 <**Shot #6 100kJ + 5,75 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.296000005E+05 1.29600001E+05 1.035E+04 2.07E+04 <**Shot #7 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 2.07000005E+04 2.0700001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #8 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #9 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #10 20MJ + 5 d of cooling 2 5 1 4 1 0 0 0

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1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 1.08E+05 2.16E+05 4.32E+05 <**Shot #11 100kJ +10 h of cooling 2 4 1 5 1 0 0 0 4.320000005E+05 4.32000001E+05 1.8E+04 3.6E+04 <**Shot #12 100 kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 3.60000005E+04 3.6000001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #13 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #14 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #15 5MJ + 1,5 d of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 6.48E+04 1.296E+05 <**Shot #16 100kJ + 5,75 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.296000005E+05 1.29600001E+05 1.035E+04 2.07E+04 <**Shot #17 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 2.07000005E+04 2.0700001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #18 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #19 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #20 20MJ + 5 d of cooling 2 5 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 1.08E+05 2.16E+05 4.32E+05 <**Shot #21 100kJ +10 h of cooling 2 4 1 5 1 0 0 0 4.320000005E+05 4.32000001E+05 1.8E+04 3.6E+04 <**Shot #22 100 kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 3.60000005E+04 3.6000001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #23 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #24 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #25 5MJ + 1,5 d of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 6.48E+04 1.296E+05 <**Shot #26 100kJ + 5,75 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.296000005E+05 1.29600001E+05 1.035E+04 2.07E+04 <**Shot #27 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 2.07000005E+04 2.0700001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #28 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #29 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #30 20MJ + 5 d of cooling 2 5 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 1.08E+05 2.16E+05 4.32E+05 <**Shot #31 100kJ +10 h of cooling 2 4 1 5 1 0 0 0 4.320000005E+05 4.32000001E+05 1.8E+04 3.6E+04 <**Shot #32 100 kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 3.60000005E+04 3.6000001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #33 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0

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1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #34 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #35 5MJ + 1,5 d of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 6.48E+04 1.296E+05 <**Shot #36 100kJ + 5,75 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.296000005E+05 1.29600001E+05 1.035E+04 2.07E+04 <**Shot #37 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 2.07000005E+04 2.0700001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #38 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #39 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #40 20MJ + 5 d of cooling 2 5 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 1.08E+05 2.16E+05 4.32E+05 <**Shot #41 100kJ +10 h of cooling 2 4 1 5 1 0 0 0 4.320000005E+05 4.32000001E+05 1.8E+04 3.6E+04 <**Shot #42 100 kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 3.60000005E+04 3.6000001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #43 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #44 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #45 5MJ + 1,5 d of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 6.48E+04 1.296E+05 <**Shot #46 100kJ + 5,75 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.296000005E+05 1.29600001E+05 1.035E+04 2.07E+04 <**Shot #47 20MJ + 5 d of cooling 2 5 1 4 1 0 0 0 2.07000005E+04 2.0700001E+04 1.08E+05 2.16E+05 4.32E+05 <**Shot #48 100kJ +10 h of cooling 2 4 1 5 1 0 0 0 4.320000005E+05 4.32000001E+05 1.8E+04 3.6E+04 <**Shot #49 100 kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 3.60000005E+04 3.6000001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <*** Direct drive shots start here, **Shot #50 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #51 20MJ + 5 d of cooling 2 5 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 1.08E+05 2.16E+05 4.32E+05 <**Shot #52 100kJ +10 h of cooling 2 4 1 5 1 0 0 0 4.320000005E+05 4.32000001E+05 1.8E+04 3.6E+04 <**Shot #53 100 kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 3.60000005E+04 3.6000001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #54 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #55 20MJ + 5 d of cooling 2 5 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 1.08E+05 2.16E+05 4.32E+05 <**Shot #56 100kJ +10 h of cooling 2 4 1 5 1 0 0 0

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4.320000005E+05 4.32000001E+05 1.8E+04 3.6E+04 <**Shot #57 5MJ + 1,5 d of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 3.60000005E+04 3.6000001E+04 6.48E+04 1.296E+05 <**Shot #58 100kJ + 5,75 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.296000005E+05 1.29600001E+05 1.035E+04 2.07E+04 <**Shot #59 20MJ + 5 d of cooling 2 5 1 4 1 0 0 0 2.07000005E+04 2.0700001E+04 1.08E+05 2.16E+05 4.32E+05 <**Shot #60 100kJ +10 h of cooling 2 4 1 5 1 0 0 0 4.320000005E+05 4.32000001E+05 1.8E+04 3.6E+04 <**Shot #61 5MJ + 1,5 d of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 3.60000005E+04 3.6000001E+04 6.48E+04 1.296E+05 <**Shot #62 100kJ + 5,75 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.296000005E+05 1.29600001E+05 1.035E+04 2.07E+04 <**Shot #63 20MJ + 5 d of cooling 2 5 1 4 1 0 0 0 2.07000005E+04 2.0700001E+04 1.08E+05 2.16E+05 4.32E+05 <**Shot #64 100kJ +10 h of cooling 2 4 1 5 1 0 0 0 4.320000005E+05 4.32000001E+05 1.8E+04 3.6E+04 <**Shot #65 5MJ + 1,5 d of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 3.60000005E+04 3.6000001E+04 6.48E+04 1.296E+05 <**Shot #66 100kJ + 5,75 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.296000005E+05 1.29600001E+05 1.035E+04 2.07E+04 <**Shot #67 20MJ + 5 d of cooling 2 5 0 4 1 0 0 0 2.07000005E+04 2.0700001E+04 1.08E+05 2.16E+05 4.32E+05 <Block #9 ERR XNORM 1.0E-25 1.0 <Block #10 Fission product inventory 0 0 0 IGFP IWFYD IFORT96 <Block #11 Type of run 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 IWP IMTX IWDR IDOSE IPHCUT IDHEAT IOFFSD ICEDE INEMISS IDAMAGE 0 0 0 1 PH BREM TOT RHOR 0 66 66 1 NOPUL NTSEQ NOTTS NVFL 1. 1. 1. 50. 1. 1. 1. 1. 200. 1. 1. 1. 1. 50. 1. 1. 1. 1. 200. 1. 1. 1. 1. 50. 1. 1. 1. 1. 200. 1. 1. 1. 1. 50. 1. 1. 1. 1. 200. 1. 1. 1. 1. 50. 1. 200. 1. 1. 1. 200. 1. 1. 1. 200. 1. 50. 1. 200. 1. 50. 1. 200. 1. 50. 1. 200. <Block #12 Instantaneous feed of material 1 IIFD 3 NMAIFD 3 3 3 IRMAIFD 2193 NISFDTP 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

123

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 <Block #13 Output control 0 1 NCYO IFSO <omit card NCYO=0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ITSO(NOTTS)

In explaining this input, it is worthwhile considering that the input consists of two different parts. One including blocks #1 to #11, and the other consisting of block #12. The first part is an example of restart problem (IREST=1). The initial material composition is read from unit 37. In this case, this unit is generated when running input #8. Thus, the initial material is gold activated in the first shot and with a cooling period of 4 hours. This material, as deposited onto the inner surface of the target chamber, is exposed to the irradiation from the 66 subsequent shots. This irradiation is simulated by using a total of 66 sets, one for each shot, and flux scaling factors accounting for the 100 kJ, 5 MJ, and 20 MJ fusion yields on the NIF. In conclusion, this first part of the input model the evolution of the inventory into the chamber along the 67 shot sequence due to the activation of the gold contained in the hohlraum case of only the first target. The second part of the input allows accounting for the inventory into the chamber due to the activation of the gold contained in the 48 hohlraum targets following the first one. Following the parameters of block #12 we can see firstly that no more than one feed per set is allowed. Three different materials are fed into the chamber. The composition of these three materials are read from unit 81, which consequently should have three records, and each of the records contains inventory data corresponding to 1874 isotopes. The first record of unit 81 corresponds to the one-recorded unit 37 produced when modeling the activation of the golden hohlraum case caused by a 100 kJ shot. In this modeling it is assumed that the irradiation time is 1 ns, and the cooling period is 1 ms. The second record corresponds to the unit 37 produced in a similar case, but here, the shot is of 5 MJ. And the third record of unit 37 corresponds to the shot of 20 MJ. Example of input for producing the first record follows.
124

Example #10:
Hohlraum case of gold is activated by a 100 kJ shot <Block #1, card #2 0 IUNC <Block #1, card #3 2193 250000 0 0 1 1 2 1 0 24 1 0 4 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 <Block #2, card #1 XRR 1.0 1.0 <Block #2, card #3 MA 1 <Block #2, card #4 NUCZO 1 <Block #2, card #6 EGRP 20.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.5 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.66 1.44 1.22 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.00 <Block #2, card #7 CUTOFF 1.00E+00 0.00E-06 1.00E+00 1.00E-03 1.00E+001 .00E+00 <Block #2, card #8 NTO 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 <Block #3 Neutron flux 1.6168E+25 <Block #4 Restart option 0 IREST <Block #5, card #1 Initial material composition, INUCL 790000 <Block #5, card #2 Initial material composition, XCOMP 3.058E-03 <Block #7 Irradiation and cooling temporal history: 1 ns irradiation time, 1ms cooling 2 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 <Block #8 Ending times of each timestep 0.5000E-09 1.0000E-09 0.1E-02 <Block #9 ERR XNORM 1.0E-25 1.0E+00 <Block #10 Fission product inventory 0 0 0 IGFP IWFYD IFORT96 <Block #11 Type of run 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 IWP IMTX IWDR IDOSE IPHCUT IDHEAT IOFFSD ICEDE INEMISS IDAMAGE 0 0 1 0 PH BREM TOT RHOR 0 1 1 0 NOPUL NTSEQ NOTTS NVFL <Block #12 Instantaneous feed of material 0 IIFD <Block #13 Output control 0 1 NCYO IFSO <omit card NCYO=0 1 ITSO

The input for producing the second and third record of unit 81 only differs of input #10 in the flux, that in these cases should be 8.084 1026 n/cm2.s, and 3.2336 1027n/cm2.s, respectively.
Hohlraum case of gold is activated by a 5 MJ shot <Block #1, card #2 0 IUNC <Block #1, card #3 2193 250000 0 0 1 1 2 1 0 24 1 0 4 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 <Block #2, card #1 XRR 1.0 1.0 <Block #2, card #3 MA 1 <Block #2, card #4 NUCZO 1 <Block #2, card #6 EGRP

125

20.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.5 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.66 1.44 1.22 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.00 <Block #2, card #7 CUTOFF 1.00E+00 0.00E-06 1.00E+00 1.00E-03 1.00E+001 .00E+00 <Block #2, card #8 NTO 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 <Block #3 Neutron flux 8.084E+26 <Block #4 Restart option 0 IREST <Block #5, card #1 Initial material composition, INUCL 790000 <Block #5, card #2 Initial material composition, XCOMP 3.058E-03 <Block #7 Irradiation and cooling temporal history: 1 ns irradiation time, 1ms cooling 2 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 <Block #8 Ending times of each timestep 0.5000E-09 1.0000E-09 0.1E-02 <Block #9 ERR XNORM 1.0E-25 1.0E+00 <Block #10 Fission product inventory 0 0 0 IGFP IWFYD IFORT96 <Block #11 Type of run 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 IWP IMTX IWDR IDOSE IPHCUT IDHEAT IOFFSD ICEDE INEMISS IDAMAGE 0 0 1 0 PH BREM TOT RHOR 0 1 1 0 NOPUL NTSEQ NOTTS NVFL <Block #12 Instantaneous feed of material 0 IIFD <Block #13 Output control 0 1 NCYO IFSO <omit card NCYO=0 1 ITSO

Hohlraum case of gold is activated by a 20 MJ shot <Block #1, card #2 0 IUNC <Block #1, card #3 2193 250000 0 0 1 1 2 1 0 24 1 0 4 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 <Block #2, card #1 XRR 1.0 1.0 <Block #2, card #3 MA 1 <Block #2, card #4 NUCZO 1 <Block #2, card #6 EGRP 20.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.5 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.66 1.44 1.22 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.00 <Block #2, card #7 CUTOFF 1.00E+00 0.00E-06 1.00E+00 1.00E-03 1.00E+001 .00E+00 <Block #2, card #8 NTO 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 <Block #3 Neutron flux 3.2336+27 <Block #4 Restart option 0 IREST <Block #5, card #1 Initial material composition, INUCL 790000 <Block #5, card #2 Initial material composition, XCOMP 3.058E-03 <Block #7 Irradiation and cooling temporal history: 1 ns irradiation time, 1ms cooling 2 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 <Block #8 Ending times of each timestep 0.5000E-09 1.0000E-09 0.1E-02 <Block #9 ERR XNORM 1.0E-25 1.0E+00

126

<Block #10 Fission product inventory 0 0 0 IGFP IWFYD IFORT96 <Block #11 Type of run 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 IWP IMTX IWDR IDOSE IPHCUT IDHEAT IOFFSD ICEDE INEMISS IDAMAGE 0 0 1 0 PH BREM TOT RHOR 0 1 1 0 NOPUL NTSEQ NOTTS NVFL <Block #12 Instantaneous feed of material 0 IIFD <Block #13 Output control 0 1 NCYO IFSO <omit card NCYO=0 1 ITSO

The ITDFSET array tell us that feed occurs only in the first 48 sets, and that the feed in each of these sets takes place at the beginning of timestep #3, that is, after the 1 ms irradiation period. The IMASET array specifies which material is fed in each set. Materials 1#, #2, and #3 have the composition written in records 1#, #2, and #3 of unit 81, respectively. As a summary, this input allows obtaining the evolution of the inventory, due to activation of the 49 hohlraum targets, into the chamber along the 67-shot sequence. The unit 37 generated by this input contains the inventory data corresponding to the time just before shot #68, that is, just at the restarting of the basic 67-shot sequence. Example #11:
Inventory into the target chamber due to 67*5 shots (1 year) <Block #1, card #2 0 IUNC <Block #1, card #3 2193 250000 0 0 1 0 2 2 0 24 1 0 4 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 <Block #2, card #1 XRR 1.0 1.0 <Block #2, card #3 MA 1 <Block #2, card #4 NUCZO 2193 <Block #2, card #6 EGRP 20.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.5 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.66 1.44 1.22 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.00 <Block #2, card #7 CUTOFF 1.00E+00 0.00E-06 1.00E+00 1.00E-03 1.00E+001 .00E+00 <Block #2, card #9 NTO 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 <Block #3 Flux in the inner surface of the target chamber from a 100 kJ shot 7.2331E+13 <Block #4 Restart option 1 IREST <**The 67 sets are defined as a unit which gets repeated 3 times, **Shot #1 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 5 1 0 0 0 0.5E-03 0.1E-02 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #2 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #3 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04

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<**Shot #4 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #5 5MJ +1,5 d of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 6.48E+04 1.296E+05 <**Shot #6 100kJ + 5,75 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.296000005E+05 1.29600001E+05 1.035E+04 2.07E+04 <**Shot #7 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 2.07000005E+04 2.0700001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #8 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #9 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #10 20MJ + 5 d of cooling 2 5 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 1.08E+05 2.16E+05 4.32E+05 <**Shot #11 100kJ +10 h of cooling 2 4 1 5 1 0 0 0 4.320000005E+05 4.32000001E+05 1.8E+04 3.6E+04 <**Shot #12 100 kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 3.60000005E+04 3.6000001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #13 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #14 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #15 5MJ + 1,5 d of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 6.48E+04 1.296E+05 <**Shot #16 100kJ + 5,75 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.296000005E+05 1.29600001E+05 1.035E+04 2.07E+04 <**Shot #17 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 2.07000005E+04 2.0700001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #18 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #19 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #20 20MJ + 5 d of cooling 2 5 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 1.08E+05 2.16E+05 4.32E+05 <**Shot #21 100kJ +10 h of cooling 2 4 1 5 1 0 0 0 4.320000005E+05 4.32000001E+05 1.8E+04 3.6E+04 <**Shot #22 100 kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 3.60000005E+04 3.6000001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #23 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #24 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #25 5MJ + 1,5 d of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 6.48E+04 1.296E+05 <**Shot #26 100kJ + 5,75 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.296000005E+05 1.29600001E+05 1.035E+04 2.07E+04

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<**Shot #27 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 2.07000005E+04 2.0700001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #28 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #29 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #30 20MJ + 5 d of cooling 2 5 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 1.08E+05 2.16E+05 4.32E+05 <**Shot #31 100kJ +10 h of cooling 2 4 1 5 1 0 0 0 4.320000005E+05 4.32000001E+05 1.8E+04 3.6E+04 <**Shot #32 100 kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 3.60000005E+04 3.6000001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #33 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #34 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #35 5MJ + 1,5 d of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 6.48E+04 1.296E+05 <**Shot #36 100kJ + 5,75 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.296000005E+05 1.29600001E+05 1.035E+04 2.07E+04 <**Shot #37 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 2.07000005E+04 2.0700001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #38 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #39 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #40 20MJ + 5 d of cooling 2 5 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 1.08E+05 2.16E+05 4.32E+05 <**Shot #41 100kJ +10 h of cooling 2 4 1 5 1 0 0 0 4.320000005E+05 4.32000001E+05 1.8E+04 3.6E+04 <**Shot #42 100 kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 3.60000005E+04 3.6000001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #43 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #44 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #45 5MJ + 1,5 d of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 6.48E+04 1.296E+05 <**Shot #46 100kJ + 5,75 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.296000005E+05 1.29600001E+05 1.035E+04 2.07E+04 <**Shot #47 20MJ + 5 d of cooling 2 5 1 4 1 0 0 0 2.07000005E+04 2.0700001E+04 1.08E+05 2.16E+05 4.32E+05 <**Shot #48 100kJ +10 h of cooling 2 4 1 5 1 0 0 0 4.320000005E+05 4.32000001E+05 1.8E+04 3.6E+04 <**Shot #49 100 kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 3.60000005E+04 3.6000001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04

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<*** Direct drive shots start here, **Shot #50 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #51 20MJ + 5 d of cooling 2 5 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 1.08E+05 2.16E+05 4.32E+05 <**Shot #52 100kJ +10 h of cooling 2 4 1 5 1 0 0 0 4.320000005E+05 4.32000001E+05 1.8E+04 3.6E+04 <**Shot #53 100 kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 3.60000005E+04 3.6000001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #54 100kJ + 4 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 7.2E+03 1.44E+04 <**Shot #55 20MJ + 5 d of cooling 2 5 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.44000005E+04 1.4400001E+04 1.08E+05 2.16E+05 4.32E+05 <**Shot #56 100kJ +10 h of cooling 2 4 1 5 1 0 0 0 4.320000005E+05 4.32000001E+05 1.8E+04 3.6E+04 <**Shot #57 5MJ + 1,5 d of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 3.60000005E+04 3.6000001E+04 6.48E+04 1.296E+05 <**Shot #58 100kJ + 5,75 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.296000005E+05 1.29600001E+05 1.035E+04 2.07E+04 <**Shot #59 20MJ + 5 d of cooling 2 5 1 4 1 0 0 0 2.07000005E+04 2.0700001E+04 1.08E+05 2.16E+05 4.32E+05 <**Shot #60 100kJ +10 h of cooling 2 4 1 5 1 0 0 0 4.320000005E+05 4.32000001E+05 1.8E+04 3.6E+04 <**Shot #61 5MJ + 1,5 d of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 3.60000005E+04 3.6000001E+04 6.48E+04 1.296E+05 <**Shot #62 100kJ + 5,75 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.296000005E+05 1.29600001E+05 1.035E+04 2.07E+04 <**Shot #63 20MJ + 5 d of cooling 2 5 1 4 1 0 0 0 2.07000005E+04 2.0700001E+04 1.08E+05 2.16E+05 4.32E+05 <**Shot #64 100kJ +10 h of cooling 2 4 1 5 1 0 0 0 4.320000005E+05 4.32000001E+05 1.8E+04 3.6E+04 <**Shot #65 5MJ + 1,5 d of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 3.60000005E+04 3.6000001E+04 6.48E+04 1.296E+05 <**Shot #66 100kJ + 5,75 h of cooling 2 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 1.296000005E+05 1.29600001E+05 1.035E+04 2.07E+04 <**Shot #67 20MJ + 5 d of cooling 2 5 0 4 1 0 0 0 2.07000005E+04 2.0700001E+04 1.08E+05 2.16E+05 4.32E+05 <Block #9 ERR XNORM 1.0E-25 1.0 <Block #10 Fission product inventory 0 0 0 IGFP IWFYD IFORT96 <Block #11 Type of run 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 IWP IMTX IWDR IDOSE IPHCUT IDHEAT IOFFSD ICEDE INEMISS IDAMAGE 0 0 0 1 PHO BREM TOT RHOR 3 67 67 1 NOPUL NTSEQ NOTTS NVFL 1. 1. 1. 1. 50. 1. 1. 1. 1. 200. 1. 1. 1. 1. 50. 1. 1. 1. 1. 200. 1. 1. 1. 1. 50. 1. 1. 1. 1. 200. 1. 1. 1. 1. 50. 1. 1.

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1. 1. 200. 1. 1. 1. 1. 50. 1. 200. 1. 1. 1. 200. 1. 1. 1. 200. 1. 50. 1. 200. 1. 50. 1. 200. 1. 50. 1. 200 0 NMULT <Block #12 Instantaneous feed of material 1 IIFD 3 MAIFD 3 3 3 IRMAIFD 2193 NISFDTP 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 <Block #13 Output control 1 0 NCYO IFSO 4 ICYO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ITSO(NOTTS)

This example is used for a calculation of the inventory into the NIF chamber, due to the activation of the hohlraum targets. The input simulates the operation period of this facility that goes from 1/5 year (73 days) to 1 year. This input is a restart problem (IREST=1). The unit 37 used for initial inventory conditions is that produced in running input #9. The operation is modeled by using a total of 67 sets, one for each shot, which are defined as a unit. This unit gets repeated a total of three times. Flux scaling factors are used to simulate the 100 kJ, 5 MJ, and 20 MJ fusion yields. Regarding feeding, unit 81 is the same than that used in example #9. And here, the ITDFSET array causes feed to occur only in the first 49 sets of the unit, and that the feed in each of these sets takes place at the beginning of timestep #3, that is, after the 1 ms irradiation period.

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We have performed recently the activation analysis of target debris for the National Ignition Facility, considering a total yield of 1200 MJ/year, and assuming all the shots to be for indirect-drive targets [Sanz et al., 1999b].

132

E.- Activation of blanket in Magnetic Fusion Energy In the following example, we have evaluated the activation in a dual coolant (DC) blanket concept employing a liquid breeder/coolant. This blanket has been proposed as candidate for a MFE DEMO reactor design[Cabellos et al., 2006c]. This blanket concept uses high pressure helium to cool the blanket FW and structure, and employs a liquid metal or molten salt (MS) breeder to selfcool the interior of the blanket module, including a beryllium multiplier pebble bed. The structural material for the blanket is the alloy F82H, a low activation ferritic steel (FS). For this work we have used the same F82H elemental composition, including impurities. In particular, the concentration of Co and Nb impurities is assumed to be 3.4E-03 wt% and 4.00E-4 wt%, respectively. However, present reduced activation FS may have higher impurities levels that we have considered in this work. The highest values reported by different laboratories for Co and Nb are 1.00E-02 wt% and 7.00E-04 wt%, respectively. Although there are currently various liquid breeder material options presently under consideration, this work focuses on a blanket design using the low melting point molten salt flibe (LiBeF3). The FW neutron flux intensity is 1.09x1015 cm-2 s-1, assuming a continuous irradiation of 5 years, which corresponds to the desirable FW lifetime. The average neutron energy is 3.81 MeV. For neutronics and activation calculations, a toroidal cylindrical geometry has been used with the detailed radial build of both the inboard (IB) and outboard (OB) blanket sections. Here, we have predicted the radionuclide inventory, contact -dose rate and the decay heat. Example #12:
Outboard First Wall (F82H steel) - 5 years irradiation, 100 years cooling <Block #1, card #2 0 IUNC <Block #1, card #3 2193 250000 1 0 1 0 5 1 0 24 1 0 4 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 <Block #2, card #1 XRR 1.27213187E+06 1.0 <Block #2, card #3 MA 1 <Block #2, card #4 NUCZO 22 <Block #2, card #6 EGRP 2.0E+01 1.4E+01 1.2E+01 1.0E+01 8.0E+00 6.5E+00 5.0E+00 4.0E+00 3.0E+00 2.5E+00 2.0E+00 1.7E+00 1.4E+00 1.2E+00 1.0E+00 8.0E-01 6.0E-01 4.0E-01 3.0E-01 2.0E-01 1.0E-01 5.0E-02 2.0E-02 1.0E-02 0.0E+00 <Block #2, card #7 CUTOFF 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 <Block #2, card #9 NTO 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 <Block #3 FLUX

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1.0942E+15 <Block #4 Restart option 0 IREST <Block #5 Initial material composition 60000 140000 230000 240000 250000 260000 270000 280000 410000 420000 460000 470000 480000 630000 660000 670000 680000 730000 740000 760000 770000 830000 3.9013E-04 4.1711E-04 2.2996E-05 8.1108E-03 4.2647E-04 7.3883E-02 2.7034E-06 3.2091E-05 2.0175E-07 3.4189E-06 7.9273E-09 6.9506E-09 2.0842E-09 1.5418E-09 1.4418E-09 1.4206E-09 1.4008E-09 1.8127E-05 5.0975E-04 4.9273E-10 1.2189E-09 1.1211E-09 <Blocks #7,#8 Irradiation and cooling temporal history 10 10 1 0 1 0 0 0 1.000E+00 2.000E+00 4.000E+00 8.000E+00 1.600E+01 3.200E+01 6.400E+01 1.280E+02 2.560E+02 5.120E+02 <continue 10 10 1 10 1 0 0 0 1.024E+03 2.048E+03 4.096E+03 8.192E+03 1.638E+04 3.277E+04 6.554E+04 1.311E+05 2.621E+05 5.243E+05 <continue 9 9 1 10 1 0 0 0 1.049E+06 2.097E+06 4.194E+06 8.389E+06 1.678E+07 3.355E+07 6.711E+07 1.342E+08 1.5768E+08 <continue 0 1 1 9 1 0 0 0 1.00000E-01 <continue 0 10 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.00000E+00 2.00000E+00 4.00000E+00 8.00000E+00 1.60000E+01 3.20000E+01 6.00000E+01 6.40000E+01 1.28000E+02 2.56000E+02 <continue 0 10 1 10 1 0 0 0 5.12000E+02 1.02400E+03 2.04800E+03 3.60000E+03 4.09600E+03 8.19200E+03 1.63840E+04 3.27680E+04 6.55360E+04 8.64000E+04 <continue 0 10 1 10 1 0 0 0 1.31072E+05 2.62144E+05 5.24288E+05 1.04858E+06 2.09715E+06 2.59200E+06 4.19430E+06 8.38861E+06 1.67772E+07 3.15360E+07 <continue 0 10 1 10 1 0 0 0 3.35544E+07 6.71089E+07 1.34218E+08 2.68435E+08 3.15360E+08 5.36871E+08 1.07374E+09 2.14748E+09 3.15360E+09 4.29497E+09 <continue 0 3 0 10 1 0 0 0 8.58993E+09 1.71799E+10 3.15360E+10 <Block #9 ERR XNORM 1.0E-25 1.0E+00 <Block #10 Fission product inventory 0 0 0 <Block #11 Type of run 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 IWP IMTX IWDR IDOSE IPHCUT IDHEAT IOFFSD ICEDE INEMISS IDAMAGE 1 1 1 1 PH BREM TOT RHOR 0 0 9 0 NOPUL NTSEQ NOTTS NVFL <Block #12 Instantaneous feed of material 0 IIFD <Block #13 Output control 0 1 NCYO IFSO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

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F.- Transmutation and damage behaviour of materiales irradiated in IFMIF This section is mainly aimed to provide the primary damage (displacements per atom, generation of solid transmutants and gas production rates) in the high and medium flux test modules of the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) [Cabellos et al., 2008; 2009]. The computational system ACAB is able to compute the inventory evolution as well as a number of related inventory response functions useful for safety and waste management assessments. In addition ACAB is able to predict some quantities helpful to assess primary neutron induced damage. At this respect, ACAB predicts: i) the H- and He- production by nuclear reactions (n,xH) or (n,xHe) on all present nuclei, ii) provides the generation/depletion of transmutants and initial constituent elements, and iii) the dpa rate. The prediction of atomic displacement rate may be written as: i dpa = i Di s 2ED i where i is the number density of nuclide i, is the total neutron flux, iD (eV-b) is the one-group damage energy production cross section of nuclide i and EiD is the energy required to displace the atom i from its lattice, the sum is extended over all isotopes. Therefore, ACAB can predict the evolution of the dpa rate during the irradiation time using this equation. In order to predict the number of dpas, a multigroup damage library is required to be collapsed with the neutron flux spectra. A multigroup damage library based on ENDF/B-VII.0 has been processed with NJOY99.220. The library can be requested from the NEA Data Bank [Cabellos, 2007]. Here, we assess the importance of the Fe transmutation in IFMIF/HFTM with a typical neutron flux spectra: 7.3x1014 n/cm2s, <E>~5.6 MeV and 97.7% of neutrons having energies above 0.1 MeV. For Fe, we have obtained 38 dpa/fpy in HFTM. It can be seen that the prediction of dpa/s in Fe will not change significantly during the irradiation time. For HFTM, at the initial time composition we obtained 1.19E-06 dpa/s, and after one year of irradiation time this value only decrease in 0.4%. This input model the evolution of the inventory/damage (inventory and damage-H, He, other transmutants and dpa rate) for iron. We have defined a density of 1 g/cc and a volume of 1000 cc, so it corresponds to a total mass of 1 kg. The irradiation time is 30 years in 31 different irradiation-steps. Example #13:
IFMIF - High Flux Test Module - Element Fe <Block #1, card #2 0 IUNC <Block #1, card #3 2193 950000 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 24 1 0 4 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 <Block #2, card #1 XRR 1000.000 1.000000 <Block #2, card #3 MA

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1 <Block #2, card #4 NUCZO 1 <Block #2, card #6 EGRP 2.0E+01 1.4E+01 1.2E+01 1.0E+01 8.0E+00 6.5E+00 5.0E+00 4.0E+00 3.0E+00 2.5E+00 2.0E+00 1.66E+0 1.44E+0 1.22E+0 1.0E+00 8.0E-01 6.0E-01 4.0E-01 3.0E-01 2.0E-01 1.0E-01 5.0E-02 2.0E-02 1.0E-02 0.0E+00 <Block #2, card #7 CUTOFF 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 <Block #2, card #9 NTO 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 <Block #3 FLUX 7.300000E+14 <Block #4 Restart option 0 IREST <Block #5, card #1 Initial material composition, INUCL 260000 <Block #5, card #2 Initial material composition, XCOMP 1.00000E+00 <Blocks #7,#8 Irradiation and cooling temporal history 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1.00000E+00 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 2.00000E+00 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 4.00000E+00 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 8.00000E+00 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.60000E+01 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 3.20000E+01 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 6.40000E+01 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.28000E+02 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 2.56000E+02 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 5.12000E+02 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.02400E+03 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 2.04800E+03 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 4.09600E+03 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 8.19200E+03 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.63840E+04 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 3.27680E+04

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<continue 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 6.55360E+04 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.31072E+05 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 2.62144E+05 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 5.24288E+05 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.04858E+06 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 2.09715E+06 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 4.19430E+06 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 8.38861E+06 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.67772E+07 <continue, 1 year 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 3.1536E+07 <continue, 3 years 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 9.4608E+07 <continue, 5 years 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.5768E+08 <continue, 10 years 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 3.1536E+08 <continue, 20 years 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 6.3072E+08 <continue, 30 years 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 9.46080E+08 <Block #9 ERR XNORM 1.0E-25 1.0E+00 <Block #10 Fission product inventory 0 0 0 <Block #11 Type of run 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 IWP IMTX IWDR IDOSE IPHCUT IDHEAT IOFFSD ICEDE INEMISS IDAMAGE 0 0 1 0 PH BREM TOT RHOR 0 31 31 1 NOPUL NTSEQ NOTTS NVFL 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 <Block #12 Instantaneous feed of material 0 IIFD <Block #13 Output control 0 1 NCYO IFSO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

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We have calculated the effect of activation cross section uncertainties in the assessment of H and He production and generation/depletion of transmutants using the Monte Carlo method implemented in ACAB. This procedure is based on simultaneous random sampling of all the cross sections involved in the problem. We have used the EAF_UN-2007 uncertainty library to perform this job. This input is an uncertainty problem equivalent to the previous example. The number of histories used in the analysis is 10 (NMOHI), and 31 times are of interest for uncertainty analysis (NTIMES). By default (NNUCU=0), all nuclides are preferred to compute uncertainties. ACAB produces 4 binary files where the uncertainty information is saved: concentration.mon and activity.mon (by default), wdr.mon (IWDR=1) and dose.mon (IDOSE=1). Example #14:
IFMIF - High Flux Test Module - Element Fe - Uncertainty <Block #1, card #2 1 IUNC <Block #1, card #3 2193 950000 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 24 1 0 4 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 <Block #2, card #1 XRR 1000.000 1.000000 <Block #2, card #3 MA 1 <Block #2, card #4 NUCZO 1 <Block #2, card #6 EGRP 2.0E+01 1.4E+01 1.2E+01 1.0E+01 8.0E+00 6.5E+00 5.0E+00 4.0E+00 3.0E+00 2.5E+00 2.0E+00 1.66E+0 1.44E+0 1.22E+0 1.0E+00 8.0E-01 6.0E-01 4.0E-01 3.0E-01 2.0E-01 1.0E-01 5.0E-02 2.0E-02 1.0E-02 0.0E+00 <Block #2, card #7 CUTOFF 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 <Block #2, card #9 NTO 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 <Block #3 FLUX 7.300000E+14 <Block #4 Restart option 0 IREST <Block #5, card #1 Initial material composition, INUCL 260000 <Block #5, card #2 Initial material composition, XCOMP 1.00000E+00 <Blocks #7,#8 Irradiation and cooling temporal history 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1.00000E+00 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 2.00000E+00 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 4.00000E+00 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 8.00000E+00 <continue

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1 1 1 1 1 1.60000E+01 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 3.20000E+01 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 6.40000E+01 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 1.28000E+02 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 2.56000E+02 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 5.12000E+02 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 1.02400E+03 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 2.04800E+03 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 4.09600E+03 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 8.19200E+03 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 1.63840E+04 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 3.27680E+04 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 6.55360E+04 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 1.31072E+05 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 2.62144E+05 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 5.24288E+05 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 1.04858E+06 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 2.09715E+06 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 4.19430E+06 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 8.38861E+06 <continue 1 1 1 1 1 1.67772E+07 <continue, 1 year 1 1 1 1 1 3.1536E+07 <continue, 3 years 1 1 1 1 1 9.4608E+07 <continue, 5 years

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

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1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.5768E+08 <continue, 10 years 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 3.1536E+08 <continue, 20 years 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 6.3072E+08 <continue, 30 years 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 9.46080E+08 <Block #9 ERR XNORM 1.0E-25 1.0E+00 <Block #10 Fission product inventory 0 0 0 <Block #11 Type of run 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 IWP IMTX IWDR IDOSE IPHCUT IDHEAT IOFFSD ICEDE INEMISS IDAMAGE 0 0 1 0 PH BREM TOT RHOR 0 31 31 1 NOPUL NTSEQ NOTTS NVFL 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 <Block #12 Instantaneous feed of material 0 IIFD <Block #14, card #1 Uncertainty calculation control 10 31 0 1 0 NMOHI NTIMES NCYU IFSU NNUCU <Block #14, card #3 ITSU [NOTTS] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 <Block #14, card #4 ITIMEU [ITSU(I)] 1 ITIMEU for first set 1 1 1 1 ITIMEU for 5th set 1 1 1 1 1 ITIMEU for 10th set 1 1 1 1 1 ITIMEU for 15th set 1 1 1 1 1 ITIMEU for 20th set 1 1 1 1 1 ITIMEU for 25th set 1 1 1 1 1 ITIMEU for 30th set 1 ITIMEU for 31th set 0

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In order to handle the uncertainty information included in the binary files *.mon, the post-processing code PROCACAB should be run. The input file needed to process the file concentration.mon is presented as follows. With this input file, we extract the inventory prediction for each history (from file=concentration.mon) for only 2 isotopes (1H and 4He), in 31 time steps, from 1 to 31. Example of input to PROCACAB post-processing code:
concentration.mon

2 10010 20040 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

In the previous examples, the transmutation of Fe in IFMIF has been assessed. The surface gamma dose rates have been computed, and Fe-53M is found to be the most contributing isotope to the total dose at shutdown. An interesting question to address is to determine the possible pathways for the formation of particular nuclides of interest. This problem can be dealt with CHAINS code. This code will be presented in Section VII. However, in order to clarify the sequential procedures to follow regarding analysis of

141

activation/transmutation results, the ACAB and CHAINS inputs to be used are given here. First, CHAINS requires two ACAB-produced files for its operation: UNIT 22 and UNIT 24. In order to generate UNIT 22, the ACAB code must be run using the same input that used in example #13 but with the option IWP=3. UNIT 24 is generated by running the same input as that used in example #13 with the option IMTX=1. Example #15:
IFMIF - High Flux Test Module - Element Fe <Block #11 Type of run 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 IWP IMTX IWDR IDOSE IPHCUT IDHEAT IOFFSD ICEDE INEMIS IDAMAGE

IFMIF - High Flux Test Module - Element Fe <Block #11 Type of run 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 IWP IMTX IWDR IDOSE IPHCUT IDHEAT IOFFSD ICEDE INEMIS IDAMAGE

Second, CHAINS code can be run. With the following input file, CHAINS is run in the first mode (IFLAG=1), so the code calculates all transmutation sequences that result in the formation of Fe-53m with a maximum number of 2 steps (NMAX=2) in the chain. No initial nuclide is specified.
1 IFLAG 260531 IFINAL 2 NMAX Fe-53m

In the following example, CHAINS is run in the second mode of operation (IFLAG=2), so the code calculates all the pathways starting from Fe54 that results in Fe-53m and take no more than 4 (NMAX) steps. A cutoff value of 0.1 (PCNT=0.1) is specified, so pathways contributing less than 0.1 % to the total pseudo propability are omitted.
2 260540 260531 4 0.1 IFLAG INITIAL Fe-54 IFINAL Fe-53m NMAX PCNT

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G.- Activation induced by a proton beam The following examples address the issue of the activation induced by a proton beam. Here, our objective is to determine the activation of an irradiated thin Fe film (1 mm) with a proton beam of 1 A. The energy of this proton beam is 40 MeV. The irradiation time is 1 week. To deal with this type of problems, a transport code is needed, in order to predict the neutron and proton flux distribution and/or the produced nuclei yields. In this case, we make use of PHITS code [ver.2.08] [Iwase et al., 2002]. First, in example #16, we predict the activation of the Fe film by computing previously both the neutron and proton flux distributions in such film induced by the 40 MeV protom beam. The flux distributions computed by PHITS code are presented in the Figure VI.1. The total activation of the material is calculated in two phases: example #16.protons predicts the activation only due to the proton flux induced by the 40 MeV proton beam; example #16.neutrons predicts the activation of the film only due to the neutron flux induced by the proton beam. Second, in example #17, the activation of the Fe film will be calculated in a different way.

Figure VI.1. Proton and neutron flux spectrum computed by PHITS code.

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Example #16.protons:
Activation only due to the proton flux induced by a 40 MeV proton beam, 1 microA, in Fe <Block #1, card #2 IUNC 0 <Block #1, card #3 2194 900000 0 1 1 0 2 3 0 24 1 0 4 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 <Block #2, card #1 XRR 1.000000E-01 1.0E+00 <Block #2, card #3 MA 1 <Block #2, card #4 NUCZO 1 <Block #2, card #6 EGRP 2.00E+01 1.40E+01 1.20E+01 1.00E+01 8.00E+00 6.50E+00 5.00E+00 4.00E+00 3.00E+00 2.50E+00 2.00E+00 1.70E+00 1.40E+00 1.20E+00 1.00E+00 8.00E01 6.00E-01 4.00E-01 3.00E-01 2.00E-01 1.00E-01 5.00E-02 2.00E-02 1.00E02 0.00E+00 <Block #2, card #7 CUTOFF 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 <Block #2, card #8 NTO 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 <Block #3 FLUX (proton flux induced by a 40 MeV proton beam in Fe (1 mm)) 6.2367E+12 <Block #4 Restart option 0 IREST <Block #5 Initial material composition 260000 7.8658E+00 <Blocks #7, #8 Irradiation and cooling temporal history 10 10 1 0 1 0 0 0 1.000E+00 2.000E+00 4.000E+00 8.000E+00 1.600E+01 3.200E+01 6.400E+01 1.280E+02 2.560E+02 5.120E+02 <set 2: irradiation 8 8 1 10 1 0 0 0 1.024E+03 2.048E+03 4.096E+03 8.192E+03 1.6384E+04 3.277E+04 6.554E+04 8.640E+04 <set 3: irradiation 1 1 1 8 1 0 0 0 6.048E+05 <set 4: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.00000E-03 <set 5: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.00000E-02 <set 6: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 2.50000E-01 <set 7: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 5.00000E-01 <set 8: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.00000E+00 <set 9: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 2.00000E+00 <set 10: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 4.00000E+00 <set 11: decay

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0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 8.00000E+00 <set 12: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.60000E+01 <set 13: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 3.20000E+01 <set 14: decay, 1 minute 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 6.00000E+01 <set 15: decay, 2 minutes 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.2000E+02 <set 16: decay, 3 minutes 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.80000E+02 <set 17: decay, 5 minutes 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 3.0000E+02 <set 18: decay, 10 minutes 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 6.000E+02 <set 19: decay, 20 minutes 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.2E+03 <set 20: decay, 30 minutes 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.80E+03 <set 21: decay, 1 hour 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 3.60E+03 <set 22: decay, 2 hours 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 7.200E+03 <set 23: decay, 3 hours 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.08E+04 <set 24: decay, 6 hours 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 2.16E+04 <set 25: decay, 12 hours 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 4.32E+04 <set 26: decay, 1 day 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 8.6400E+04 <set 27: decay, 1 week 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 6.048E+05 <set 28: decay, 15 days 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.296E+06 <set 29: decay, 1 month 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 2.5920E+06 <set 30: decay, 2 months 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 5.1840E+06 <set 31: decay, 3 months 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 7.7760E+06 <set 32: decay, 100 days 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 8.6400e+06 <set 33: decay, 1 year 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 3.15360E+07 <set 34: decay, 2 years

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0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 6.30720E+07 <set 35: decay, 4 years 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.26144E+08 <set 36: decay, 8 years 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 2.52288E+08 <set 37: decay, 10 years 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 3.15360E+08 <set 38: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.00915E+09 <set 39: decay, 50 years 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.57680E+09 <set 40: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 2.36520E+09 <set 41: decay, 100 years 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 3.15360E+09 <set 42: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 4.03661E+09 <set 43: decay, 300 years 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 9.46080E+09 <set 44: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.61464E+10 <set 45: decay, 1000 years 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 3.15360E+10 <set 46: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 6.45857E+10 <set 47: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.29171E+11 <set 48: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 2.58343E+11 <set 49: decay, 10000 years 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 3.15360E+11 <Block #9 ERR XNORM 1.0E-25 1.0E+00 <Block #10 Fission product inventory 0 0 0 <Block #11 Type of run 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 IWP IMTX IWDR IDOSE IPHCUT IDHEAT IOFFSD ICEDE INEMISS IDAMAGE 0 0 1 0 PH BREM TOT RHOR 0 49 49 1 NOPUL NTSEQ NOTTS NVFL 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 <Block #12 Instantenous feed of material 0 IIFD <Block #13 Output control 0 1 NCYO IFSO 0 0 1 1 1 1

146

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ITSO[NOTTS]

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Example #16.neutrons:
Activation only due to the neutron flux induced by a 40MeV proton beam in Fe <Block #1, card #2 IUNC 0 <Block #1, card #3 2194 900000 0 1 1 0 2 3 0 24 1 0 4 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 <Block #2, card #1 XRR 1.000000E-01 1.0E+00 <Block #2, card #3 MA 1 <Block #2, card #4 NUCZO 1 <Block #2, card #6 EGRP 2.00E+01 1.40E+01 1.20E+01 1.00E+01 8.00E+00 6.50E+00 5.00E+00 4.00E+00 3.00E+00 2.50E+00 2.00E+00 1.70E+00 1.40E+00 1.20E+00 1.00E+00 8.00E01 6.00E-01 4.00E-01 3.00E-01 2.00E-01 1.00E-01 5.00E-02 2.00E-02 1.00E02 0.00E+00 <Block #2, card #7 CUTOFF 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 <Block #2, card #8 NTO 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 <Block #3 FLUX (neutron flux induced by a 40MeV proton beam in Fe) 5.6501E+10 <Block #4 Restart option 0 IREST <Block #5 Initial material composition 260000 7.8658E+00 <Blocks #7, #8 Irradiation and cooling temporal history 10 10 1 0 1 0 0 0 1.000E+00 2.000E+00 4.000E+00 8.000E+00 1.600E+01 3.200E+01 6.400E+01 1.280E+02 2.560E+02 5.120E+02 <set 2: irradiation 8 8 1 10 1 0 0 0 1.024E+03 2.048E+03 4.096E+03 8.192E+03 1.6384E+04 3.277E+04 6.554E+04 8.640E+04 <set 3: irradiation 1 1 1 8 1 0 0 0 6.048E+05 <set 4: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.00000E-03 <set 47: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.29171E+11 <set 48: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 2.58343E+11 <set 49: decay, 10000 years 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 3.15360E+11

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<Block #9 ERR XNORM 1.0E-25 1.0E+00 <Block #10 Fission product inventory 0 0 0 <Block #11 Type of run 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 IWP IMTX IWDR IDOSE IPHCUT IDHEAT IOFFSD ICEDE INEMISS IDAMAGE 0 0 1 0 PH BREM TOT RHOR 0 49 49 1 NOPUL NTSEQ NOTTS NVFL 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 <Block #12 Instantenous feed of material 0 IIFD <Block #13 Output control 0 1 NCYO IFSO 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ITSO[NOTTS]

Now, in example #17, we predict the activation of the Fe film induced by a 40 MeV proton beam making use of the nuclei yields computed by PHITS, instead of calculating the activation due to both the neutron and proton flux spectrum (as in example #16). By selecting the appropriate input options in the PHITS code, the produced nuclei yields due to the proton flux and due to the neutron flux above 20 MeV can be computed. Then, the total activation of the material can be calculated as follows: by considering such produced nuclei, and by computing the activation due to the neutron flux spectrum below 20 MeV. So, this problem can be treated as a feed problem in addition with a neutron flux spectrum below 20 MeV. Example #17 takes advantage of feed option. A total number of 40 yields were predicted by PHITS code. A neutron flux of 5.1602E+10 n/cm2/s below 20 MeV is used in this input.

148

Figure VI.2. Yield distribution computed by PHITS code. Example #17:


Activation induced by a 40 MeV proton beam in Fe: calculated from produced nuclei (option feed) + neutron flux below 20 MeV <Block #1, card #2 IUNC 0 <Block #1, card #3 2194 900000 0 1 1 0 2 3 2 24 1 0 4 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 <Block #2, card #1 XRR 1.000000E-01 1.0E+00 <Block #2, card #3 MA 1 <Block #2, card #4 NUCZO 1 <Block #2, card #5 Continuos feed 40 ISOZO <Block #2, card #6 EGRP 2.00E+01 1.40E+01 1.20E+01 1.00E+01 8.00E+00 6.50E+00 5.00E+00 4.00E+00 3.00E+00 2.50E+00 2.00E+00 1.70E+00 1.40E+00 1.20E+00 1.00E+00 8.00E-01 6.00E-01 4.00E-01 3.00E-01 2.00E-01 1.00E-01 5.00E-02 2.00E-02 1.00E-02 0.00E+00 <Block #2, card #7 CUTOFF 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 <Block #2, card #8 NTO 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 <Block #3 FLUX (neutron flux below 20 MeV produced by 40 MeV protons in Fe) 5.1602E+10 <Block #4 Restart option 0 IREST <Block #5 Initial material composition 260000 7.8658E+00 10020 10030 20030 20040 220480 230490 230510 240490 240500 240510 240520 240530 240540 250500 250501 250510 250520 250521

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250530 250540 250550 250560 250570 260520 260521 260530 260531 260540 260550 260560 260570 260580 270530 270540 270541 270550 270560 270570 270580 270581 3.2225E-16 1.6387E-17 5.4621E-18 2.9007E-15 5.4621E-18 6.0080E-17 2.7316E-17 1.0928E-17 1.0378E-16 7.4288E-16 1.4966E-15 1.0928E-17 1.2568E-16 1.3658E-17 1.3658E-17 3.8234E-17 6.1440E-16 6.1440E-16 1.3606E-15 6.0412E-15 1.0866E-14 1.9667E-16 2.7316E-17 3.8234E-17 3.8234E-17 6.9379E-16 6.9379E-16 2.1307E-14 2.9340E-14 1.2298E-13 3.0751E-15 4.0963E-16 1.1468E-16 2.8675E-16 2.8675E-16 2.8623E-15 6.9203E-15 1.2568E-16 1.0923E-17 1.0923E-17 <Blocks #7, #8 Irradiation and cooling temporal history 10 10 1 0 1 1 0 0 1.000E+00 2.000E+00 4.000E+00 8.000E+00 1.600E+01 3.200E+01 6.400E+01 1.280E+02 2.560E+02 5.120E+02 <set 2: irradiation 8 8 1 10 1 1 0 0 1.024E+03 2.048E+03 4.096E+03 8.192E+03 1.6384E+04 3.277E+04 6.554E+04 8.640E+04 <set 3: irradiation 1 1 1 8 1 1 0 0 6.048E+05 <set 4: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.00000E-03 <set 47: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.29171E+11 <set 48: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 2.58343E+11 <set 49: decay, 10000 years 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 3.15360E+11 <Block #9 ERR XNORM 1.0E-25 1.0E+00 <Block #10 Fission product inventory 0 0 0 <Block #11 Type of run 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 IWP IMTX IWDR IDOSE IPHCUT IDHEAT IOFFSD ICEDE INEMISS IDAMAGE 0 0 1 0 PH BREM TOT RHOR 0 49 49 1 NOPUL NTSEQ NOTTS NVFL 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 <Block #12 Instantenous feed of material 0 IIFD <Block #13 Output control 0 1 NCYO IFSO 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ITSO[NOTTS]

150

H.- Proton-induced thick-target radionuclide activation The following equation describes the thick-target yield of a radioactive isotope Y produced as a result of interaction between a proton beam and a target isotope X: atom Y atom X protons N( ) = n( )*Ip( ) * PN (cm 3 ) 3 s s cm where n(atom/cm3) is the concentration for isotope X, Ip(p/s) is the beam particles per second, N(atom/s) is the thick-target yield for isotope Y, and PN (cm3) is the collapsed proton cross section over the proton energy range. The collapsed cross section PN can be determined as follows: x = xmax E =0 E max dE 1 PN = p ( E )dx = p ( E ) = p (E) dE x =0 E max E =0 S (E) S (E) where p (E) (cm2) is the target nuclear reaction cross-section induced by protons. S(E) (MeV/cm) is the stopping power of the thick target. The total range (cm) of protons can also be written as: E max 1 max = dE E =0 S ( E ) Example #18 predicts the activation induced in carbon by protons with energy of 20 MeV and average current of 4.8 mA. The total time that the target has been irradiated with the protom beam is 3 hours. We assume that the activation induced by secondary neutrons is negligible. The range calculated by SRIM code [Ziegler, 2006] is 0.21 cm. The stopping power S(E) for this proton beam in carbon is calculated by SRIM and it is used in COLLAPS code as an equivalent proton flux. The onegroup collapsed cross sections obtained in COLLAPS are: COLLAPS = PN / max . Therefore, in order to use directly in ACAB the collapsed library computed by COLLAPS, the yield prediction must be reformulated: atom Y atom X protons N( ) = n( )* Ip( ) * PN (cm3 ) = n * (I p * max )* COLLAPS 3 s cm s The option for flux scaling factors that allows the reference flux for each set to be scaled is used (NVFL=1). The flux scaling factor for each set is max, 0.21 cm. Example #18:
Proton-induced thick-target activation - 4.8 mA, 20 MeV - Material: Carbon <Block #1, card #2 0 IUNC <Block #1, card #3 2193 900000 0 0 1 0 2 3 0 24 1 0 4 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 <Block #2, card #1 XRR

151

1.000000E+00 1.0E+00 <Block #2, card #3 MA 1 <Block #2, card #4 NUCZO 1 <Block #2, card #6 EGRP 2.00E+01 1.40E+01 1.20E+01 1.00E+01 8.00E+00 6.50E+00 5.00E+00 4.00E+00 3.00E+00 2.50E+00 2.00E+00 1.70E+00 1.40E+00 1.20E+00 1.00E+00 8.00E01 6.00E-01 4.00E-01 3.00E-01 2.00E-01 1.00E-01 5.00E-02 2.00E-02 1.00E02 0.00E+00 <Block #2, card #7 CUTOFF 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 <Block #2, card #9 NTO 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 <Block #3, FLUX < 4.8 mA proton (3.0E+16 p/cm2/s) (Protons 20MeV, Projected Range calculated with SRIM=0.21cm) 3.00E+16 <Block #4 Restart option 0 IREST <Block #5, card #1 Initial material composition (only carbon) 60000 <Block #5, card #2 Initial material composition (units in gr/cm3) 2.2530E+00 <Blocks #7, #8 Irradiation and cooling temporal history 10 10 1 0 1 0 0 0 1.000E+00 2.000E+00 4.000E+00 8.000E+00 1.600E+01 3.200E+01 6.400E+01 1.280E+02 2.560E+02 5.120E+02 <set 2: continue irradiation 5 5 1 10 1 0 0 0 1.024E+03 2.048E+03 4.096E+03 8.192E+03 1.000E+04 <set 3: continue irradiation 1 1 1 5 1 0 0 0 1.080E+04 <set 4: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.00000E-03 <set 5: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.00000E-02 <set 6: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 2.50000E-01 <set 7: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 5.00000E-01 <set 8: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.00000E+00 <set 9: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 2.00000E+00 <set 10: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 4.00000E+00 <set 11: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 8.00000E+00 <set 12: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.60000E+01 <set 13: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 3.20000E+01 <set 14: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 6.00000E+01

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<set 15: decay, 0 1 1 1 1 1.2000E+02 <set 16: decay, 0 1 1 1 1 1.80000E+02 <set 17: decay, 0 1 1 1 1 3.0000E+02 <set 18: decay, 0 1 1 1 1 6.000E+02 <set 19: decay, 0 1 1 1 1 1.2E+03 <set 20: decay, 0 1 1 1 1 1.80E+03 <set 21: decay, 0 1 1 1 1 3.60E+03 <set 22: decay, 0 1 1 1 1 7.200E+03 <set 23: decay, 0 1 1 1 1 1.08E+04 <set 24: decay, 0 1 1 1 1 2.16E+04 <set 25: decay, 0 1 1 1 1 4.32E+04 <set 26: decay, 0 1 1 1 1 8.6400E+04 <set 27: decay, 0 1 1 1 1 6.048E+05 <set 28: decay, 0 1 1 1 1 1.296E+06 <set 29: decay, 0 1 1 1 1 2.5920E+06 <set 30: decay, 0 1 1 1 1 5.1840E+06 <set 31: decay, 0 1 1 1 1 7.7760E+06 <set 32: decay, 0 1 1 1 1 8.6400e+06 <set 33: decay, 0 1 1 1 1 3.15360E+07 <set 34: decay, 0 1 1 1 1 6.30720E+07 <set 35: decay, 0 1 1 1 1 1.26144E+08 <set 36: decay, 0 1 1 1 1 2.52288E+08 <set 37: decay, 0 1 1 1 1 3.15360E+08

2 minutes 0 0 0 3 minutes 0 0 0 5 minutes 0 0 0 10 minutes 0 0 0 20 minutes 0 0 0 30 minutes 0 0 0 1 hour 0 0 0 2 hours 0 0 0 3 hours 0 0 0 6 hours 0 0 0 12 hours 0 0 0 1 day 0 0 0 1 week 0 0 0 15 days 0 0 0 1 month 0 0 0 2 months 0 0 0 3 months 0 0 0 100 days 0 0 0 1 year 0 0 0 2 years 0 0 0 4 years 0 0 0 8 years 0 0 0 10 years 0 0 0

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<set 38: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.00915E+09 <set 39: decay, 50 years 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.57680E+09 <set 40: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 2.36520E+09 <set 41: decay, 100 years 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 3.15360E+09 <set 42: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 4.03661E+09 <set 43: decay, 300 years 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 9.46080E+09 <set 44: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.61464E+10 <set 45: decay, 1000 years 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 3.15360E+10 <set 46: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 6.45857E+10 <set 47: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.29171E+11 <set 48: decay 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 2.58343E+11 <set 49: decay, 10000 years 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 3.15360E+11 <Block #9 ERR XNORM 1.0E-25 1.0E+00 <Block #10 Fission product inventory 0 0 0 <Block #11 Type of run 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 IWP IMTX IWDR IDOSE IPHCUT IDHEAT IOFFSD ICEDE INEMISS IDAMAGE 0 0 1 0 PH BREM TOT RHOR 0 49 49 1 NOPUL NTSEQ NOTTS NVFL 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 2.10100E-01 <Block #12 Instantaneous feed of material 0 IIFD <Block #13 Output control 0 1 NCYO IFSO 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ITSO[NOTTS]

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VII. Pathways analysis. CHAINS Code


CHAINS Description The purpose of the CHAINS code is to generate and output the possible pathways for the formation of a particular nuclide. All possible pathways that require up to a specified number of steps are ranked according to their estimated importance to the total production of the nuclide. The user gives an importance cutoff that is used to truncate the list of possible pathways. CHAINS has been modified to include in the pathway analysis all the nuclear processes implemented in the present version of ACAB (in particular, generation of fission products). CHAINS can be executed in three different modes. In the first mode (IFLAG = 1), the code calculates all transmutation sequences that results in the formation of a particular radionuclide (variable IFINAL) with a maximum number of steps (variable NMAX) in the chain. No initial nuclide is specified when operating in this mode. In addition to giving the actual chains, the code outputs the coefficients (transmutation rates or probability per nucleus per unit time) of neutron reaction or radioactive decay corresponding to each step of the chain. The CHAINS output is given in order of increasing number of steps of each chain. That is, all two-step chains are given before three-step chains are listed. In the second mode of operation (IFLAG=2), CHAINS calculates all pathways starting from a specified parent nuclide (INITIAL) that result in a specified daughter nuclide (IFINAL) and take no more than NMAX steps. CHAINS also estimates the relative importance of each pathway. This is accomplished through the use of a pseudo probability for each pathway. The pseudo probabilities are summed over all pathways that are possible in NMAX or less steps. This sum is the total pseudo probability. Each pseudo probability may be divided by the total pseudo probability to get an estimate of the relative importance of each pathway. This relative importance may not be an actual ranking of the relative contributions from each pathway, but they are useful for distinguishing those pathways that may be important from those that may be negligible. As output for the second mode of operation, CHAINS writes the pathways in order of decreasing relative importance. The user specifies a cutoff value with the PCNT variable. Pathways that contribute less than PCNT percent to the total pseudo probability are omitted. The coefficients associated with each step in a pathway are also given.

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The following example illustrates the concept of pseudo probability rankings described above. Assuming that there are two possible pathways for the production of nuclide F from nuclide I, the pathways might be written as:

(1)

a AI a BA a CB a FC I A B C F

(2)

a DI a ED a FE I D E F
ai = i +

where:

i j

and: ai are the coefficients of the transition matrix that give the reaction () or decay () probability per nucleus per unit time, is the energy-averaged reaction cross section, is the energy-averaged neutron flux, is the radioactive decay constant, and The pseudo probabilities can be written as:

P1 = P2 =

a AI a BA a CB a FC aI aA aB aC a DI a ED a FE aI aD aE

The total and relative pseudo probabilities can be written as:

Ptot = P1 + P 2 PR 1 = P1 P tot PR 2 = P 2 Ptot

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The relative importances would be written into the CHAINS output file in order of decreasing importance. If either of the relative importances is less than the value of PCNT, it would be omitted from the output. In the third mode of operation (IFLAG=3), CHAINS searches for all cyclic pathways or loops that include a user-specified final nuclide IFINAL. All pathways are included that are possible within NMAX steps. As in the first mode of operation, the pathways are listed in order of increasing number of steps and the transmutation rates are given for each step within a pathway. CHAINS Support Files In addition to a standard input file, CHAINS requires two ACAB-produced files for its operation. UNIT 22 is a binary file that contains the identifiers of the nuclides found in the decay library and the elements of the transition matrix. Each element of the transition matrix contains the identifier corresponding to the neutron reaction or decay process occurring within that element. UNIT 22 is generated by running ACAB with IWP = 1. UNIT 24 is a binary file that contains the transition matrix transformation rates. It also contains the diagonal elements that give the total depletion rates. UNIT 24 is generated by running ACAB with IMTX = 1 or 2. UNIT 23 is a temporary binary file that is created during a CHAINS run. This file contains all possible pathways that are later ordering according to their relative pseudo probabilities. This file may become quite large but may be deleted after CHAINS execution. CHAINS Input/Output A CHAINS input file consists of five cards. Some card may be omitted for certain types of operation. The structure of the CHAINS input file is now described. Card Variable 1 IFLAG Format I3 Description Indicates mode CHAINS operation mode: 1 Pathways to produce nuclide IFINAL. 2 Pathways to produce nuclide IFINAL from nuclide INITIAL. 3 Cyclic pathways to produce nuclide IFINAL.

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INITIAL

I6

IFINAL

I6

4 5

NMAX PCNT

I3 F6.2

Identifier for the first initial nuclide. The nuclide identifier is defined in the same manner as NUCLID in ACAB (10000 Z + 10 A + IS). INITIAL is omitted if IFLAG 2. Identifier for the final nuclide. The identifier is defined in the same manner as INITIAL. Maximum number of steps considered for possible pathways. {NMAX 10}. Output option: only pathways with relative pseudo probabilities greater than or equal to PCNT will be printed. PCNT is omitted if IFLAG 2. {0PCNT 100}.

Some example input and output are now given. First, a sample input file for the first mode of operation.

Example #1: 1 110240 2 IFLAG IFINAL Na-24 NMAX

In this example, all pathways that result in the production of 24Na that require two or less steps will be given. A portion of the output from this problem is given below:
NUMBER OF ENCOUNTERED CHAINS, NCHAIN= 69 ********************************************************************** CHAINS WITH 2 LINKS ********************************************************************** MG 27 (B-) AL 27 (n,a) NA 24 MG 27 (B-) AL 27 DELTA=1.2214E-03 AL 27 (n,a) NA 24 XSEC=1.6121E-13 ********************************************************************** SI 27 (B+) AL 27 (n,a) NA 24 SI 27 (B+) AL 27 DELTA=1.6503E-01 AL 27 (n,a) NA 24 XSEC=1.6121E-13 ********************************************************************** AL 26 (n,g) AL 27 (n,a) NA 24 AL 26 (n,g) AL 27 XSEC=2.7887E-13

158

AL 27 (n,a) NA 24 XSEC=1.6121E-13 ********************************************************************** ...

********************************************************************** MG 26 (n,H) NE 24 (B-) NA 24 MG 26 (n,H) NE 24 XSEC=0.0000E+00 NE 24 (B-) NA 24 DELTA=3.4179E-03 ********************************************************************** MG 28 (n,na) NE 24 (B-) NA 24 MG 28 (n,na) NE 24 (B-) NE 24 NA 24 XSEC=5.0353E-16 DELTA=3.4179E-03 ******JOB FINISHED******

Each pathway is listed along with the reaction () or decay () probabilities per nucleus per unit time. The second example demonstrates the operation of CHAINS in mode #2.

Example #2: 2 130270 110240 4 0.1 IFLAG INITIAL IFINAL NMAX PCNT

Al-27 Na-24

This input file will cause CHAINS to output all possible pathways for the production 24Na from 27Al that require up to 4 steps and contribute at least 0.1% to the total pseudo probability. An excerpt of the output from this problem is given below:
NUMBER OF ENCOUNTERED CHAINS NCHAIN= 194 NUMBER OF CHAINS WITH RELATIVE PROBABILITY HIGHER THAN PCNT, NCH= 13 TOTAL PROB.= 20.2428 ********************************************************************** P= 55.34 AL 27 (n,a) NA 24 AL 27 (n,a) NA 24 XSEC=1.6121E-13 ********************************************************************** P= 24.74

159

AL 27 (n,a-m) NA 24M(IT)

NA 24

AL 27 (n,a-m) NA 24M XSEC=7.2424E-14 NA 24M(IT) NA 24 DELTA=3.4143E+01 ********************************************************************** P= 5.11 AL 27 (n,np) MG 26 (n,a) NE 23 (B-) NA 23 (n,g) NA 24

AL 27 (n,np) MG 26 XSEC=5.2098E-13 MG 26 (n,a) NE 23 XSEC=1.5283E-13 NE 23 (B-) NA 23 DELTA=1.8633E-02 NA 23 (n,g) NA 24 XSEC=2.4667E-13 ********************************************************************** P= 3.96 AL 27 (n,na) NA 23 (n,g-m) NA 24M(IT) NA 24

AL 27 (n,na) NA 23 XSEC=2.8631E-14 NA 23 (n,g-m) NA 24M XSEC=7.3444E-13 NA 24M(IT) NA 24 DELTA=3.4143E+01 **********************************************************************

...
********************************************************************** P= 0.22 AL 27 (n,2n) AL 26 (n,a) NA 23 (n,g-m) NA 24M(IT) NA 24

AL 27 (n,2n) AL 26 XSEC=1.7618E-14 AL 26 (n,a) NA 23 XSEC=2.3787E-13 NA 23 (n,g-m) NA 24M XSEC=7.3444E-13 NA 24M(IT) NA 24 DELTA=3.4143E+01 ********************************************************************** P= 0.19 AL 27 (n,D) AL MG MG MG 27 26 25 24 (n,D) (n,2n) (n,2n) (n,p) MG 26 (n,2n) MG MG MG NA 26 25 24 24 MG 25 (n,2n) MG 24 (n,p) NA 24

XSEC=3.0214E-14 XSEC=4.1518E-13 XSEC=1.1279E-13 XSEC=2.5837E-13 ******JOB FINISHED******

Note that the first line of output indicates that a total of 194 pathways that result in the production of 24Na from 27Al within 4 steps were identified. The second line of output indicates, however, that only 13 of these possible pathways make a contribution of at least 0.1% to the total pseudo probability. Several of these pathways are listed in the output above. For each pathway, the total percentage contribution to the total pseudo probability is given. This is followed by a listing of

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the pathway and the reaction or decay probabilities per nucleus per unit time for each step in the pathway. The next example, that also addresses the operation of CHAINS in mode number #2, is intended to show how the present version of CHAINS includes the fission channel in the pathway analysis. Example #3: 2 922380 551370 4 0.1 IFLAG INITIAL IFINAL NMAX PCNT U-238 CS-137

This input file will cause CHAINS to output all possible pathways for the production Cs-137 from U-238 that require up to 4 steps and contribute at least 0.1% to the total pseudo probability. The complete output from this problem is given below:
NUMBER OF ENCOUNTERED CHAINS NCHAIN =2327 NUMBER OF CHAINS WITH RELATIVE PROBABILITY HIGHER THAN PCNT, PTOT= 2.0273 NCH= 4

********************************************************************** P= 97.81 U238 (n,g) U239 (B-) NP239 (B-) PU239 (N,F) CS137

U238 U239 NP239 PU239

(n,g) (B-) (B-) (N,F)

U239 NP239 PU239 CS137

XSEC=5.4317E-09 DELTA=4.9229E-04 DELTA=3.4061E-06 XSEC=2.6494E-10

********************************************************************** P= 1.11 XE137 (B-) CS137

U238 (N,F)

U238 (N,F) XE137 (B-)

XE137 CS137

XSEC=1.2398E-12 DELTA=3.0255E-03

**********************************************************************

161

P=

.64 I136M(B-) XE136 (n,g) XE137 (B-) CS137

U238 (N,F)

U238 (N,F) I136M(B-) XE136 (n,g) XE137 (B-)

I136M XE136 XE137 CS137

XSEC=2.7891E-12 DELTA=1.5403E-02 XSEC=7.4160E-12 DELTA=3.0255E-03

********************************************************************** P= .30 I136 (B-) XE136 (n,g) XE137 (B-) CS137

U238 (N,F)

U238 I136 XE136 XE137

(N,F) (B-) (n,g) (B-)

I136 XE136 XE137 CS137

XSEC=1.3291E-12 DELTA=8.2518E-03 XSEC=7.4160E-12 DELTA=3.0255E-03 ******JOB FINISHED******

The final example demonstrates the operation of CHAINS in mode #3.

Example #4: 3 110240 4 IFLAG INITIAL NMAX

Na-24

This example causes CHAINS to output all possible pathways for the production of 24Na from an original 24Na atom. All pathways that require up to 4 steps are given. These are called cyclical pathways. An excerpt of the output is given below:

NUMBER OF ENCOUNTERED CHAINS NCHAIN=

42

******CYCLIC CHAINS****** ********************************************************************** CHAINS WITH 2 LINKS ********************************************************************** NA 24 (B-) MG 24 (n,p) NA 24 NA 24 (B-) MG 24 DELTA=1.2853E-05 MG 24 (n,p) NA 24 XSEC=2.5837E-13 ********************************************************************** NA 24 (n,2n) NA 23 (n,g) NA 24

162

NA 24 (n,2n) NA 23 XSEC=8.1295E-13 NA 23 (n,g) NA 24 XSEC=2.4667E-13 ********************************************************************** NA 24 (n,n`) NA 24M(IT) NA 24 NA 24 (n,n`) NA 24M XSEC=3.5792E-13 NA 24M(IT) NA 24 DELTA=3.4143E+01 ********************************************************************** NA 24 (n,p) NE 24 (B-) NA 24 NA 24 (n,p) NE 24 XSEC=6.1945E-14 NE 24 (B-) NA 24 DELTA=3.4179E-03 ********************************************************************** CHAINS WITH 3 LINKS ********************************************************************** NA 24 (B-) MG 24 (n,g) MG 25 (n,D) NA 24 NA 24 (B-) MG 24 DELTA=1.2853E-05 MG 24 (n,g) MG 25 XSEC=9.8661E-14 MG 25 (n,D) NA 24 XSEC=1.3629E-14 ********************************************************************** NA 24 (n,g) NA 25 (B-) MG 25 (n,D) NA 24 NA 24 (n,g) NA 25 XSEC=5.9161E-14 NA 25 (B-) MG 25 DELTA=1.1630E-02 MG 25 (n,D) NA 24 XSEC=1.3629E-14 ********************************************************************** ... ********************************************************************** CHAINS WITH 4 LINKS ********************************************************************** NA 24 (B-) MG 24 (n,g) MG 25 (n,g) MG 26 (n,T) NA 24 NA 24 (B-) MG 24 DELTA=1.2853E-05 MG 24 (n,g) MG 25 XSEC=9.8661E-14 MG 25 (n,g) MG 26 XSEC=3.5518E-13 MG 26 (n,T) NA 24 XSEC=0.0000E+00 ********************************************************************** NA 24 (n,g) NA 25 (B-) MG 25 (n,g) MG 26 (n,T) NA 24 NA 24 (n,g) NA 25 XSEC=5.9161E-14 NA 25 (B-) MG 25 DELTA=1.1630E-02 MG 25 (n,g) MG 26 XSEC=3.5518E-13 MG 26 (n,T) NA 24 XSEC=0.0000E+00 ********************************************************************** NA 24 (n,n`) NA 24M(B-) MG 24 (n,g) MG 25 (n,D) NA 24 NA 24 (n,n`) NA 24M XSEC=3.5792E-13 NA 24M(B-) MG 24 DELTA=1.7157E-01 MG 24 (n,g) MG 25 XSEC=9.8661E-14 MG 25 (n,D) NA 24 XSEC=1.3629E-14 **********************************************************************

....

163

The first line of output indicates that a total of 42 pathways were identified. Note, however, that the first two pathways with 4 steps both end with the 26Mg (n,t) 24Na reaction. This reaction has an energy-averaged cross section of 0 barns (the threshold is 14.7 MeV but the flux is 0 above 14.1 MeV). When operated in mode #3, CHAINS makes no attempt to extract possible pathways that will not contribute to the overall production. In Section VI, Example #15 is devoted to assess the transmutation of Fe in IFMIF. The possible pathways for the formation of particular nuclides of interest have been addressed with the CHAINS code. The ACAB inputs needed to compute the two required files for CHAINS code (UNIT 22 and UNIT 24) have been presented in such example. The corresponding input file to CHAINS has also been included in such Example #15.

CHAINS Availability The CHAINS utility currently operates on Unix workstations and PC platforms under Windows and Linux. As ACAB, CHAINS is written in standard FORTRAN 77. Thus, porting of CHAINS onto other machines should not be difficult.

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VIII. References
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