Smart Grid Definitions, Visions and Ongoing Projects

JAPAN, April 23rd Wouter Haerick, PhD Haerick, University of Ghent IBBT, Belgium

SMART POWER GRID The landscape Communication Network and Distributed Services

Storyline Tutorial
Smart Power Grids? The larger picture: Sustainability Smart Grid ICT Architectures Smart Grid Standards and Architectures Smart Grid Products Smart Grid: European projects End-users may not like the Smart Grid

MOTIVATION

CURRENT SOLUTIONS CHALLENGES END-USER

Smart Power Grids: A definition

Smart Power Grid = Traditional Power Grid + Smart ICT control services

Meter

Submeter LESS ENERGY

Meter

Meter

GREEN ENERGY

HIGH LOAD ICT Control Services

Around the globe, the short term motivation differs

Europe: 20/20/20 USA: Reliability Issues (outages cost 150B/year) Under-investment Security of supply Green energy introduces bottlenecks in energy grid Limited control in energy grid Japan: Few players, little lecacy Turnkey-approach

Around the globe, long-term goal is sustainability long-

Lower our CO2 footprint with renewable energy sources

Around the globe, long-term goal is sustainability long-

Lower our CO2 footprint with renewable energy sources

Around the globe, long-term goal is sustainability long-

Increase energy-efficiency
2010 2030: >20% increase of electricity demand
(without considering uptake of electrical vehicles)

Source: OECD/IEA World Energy Outlook 2004

Around the globe, long-term goal is sustainability longManage increasing energy demand Manage CO2 footprint

EFFICIENCY

AFFORDABLE GREEN Current human energy use

Source: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Around the globe, long-term goal is sustainability long-

Solar and wind are largest source for renewable energy

Solar: 6 000 times current energy demand Wind: 60 times current energy demand

However,
These sources suffer from fluctuations and geogr. distribution Energy storage is needed, and a more capable energy grid Cost per kWh needs to decrease

Renewable energy: challenges to furhter reduce costs

Also consider storage cost + transport cost!

ICT

ICT as enabler to minimize costs, and optimize profits

Optimize consumption
(efficiency, green, real-time cost, demand response)

Aggregate distributed generation

Optimize car charging Minimize storage

What is demand response?

ICT as enabler for Demand Response

Voluntary, temporary adjustment of power demand by end-user or counterparty in response to market signal (e.g. price, emergency, etc.) Two main forms Direct Load Control Price Response Enabling technology (rule-based) automation

Still subject to human behavior Even with automation, overrides possible

Image source: GDF Suez

ICT as enabler for Demand Response

FLEXIBLE DEMAND NEEDED

High

V f
Supply Demand Low

Storyline Tutorial
Smart Power Grids: Why (now)? The larger picture: Sustainability Smart Grid ICT Architectures Smart Grid Standards and Architectures Smart Grid Products Smart Grid: European projects End-users may not like the Smart Grid

MOTIVATION

CURRENT SOLUTIONS CHALLENGES END-USER

Smart Grid ICT Architectures

Currently, closed solutions to control parts of energy grid
1. SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) 2. EMS (Energy management systems)

not based on standards (multiple protocols) Limited visibility: e.g. only energy transmission network, or substations
There is a need for an OPEN architecture: - OPEN in terms of standard interfaces - OPEN in terms of players/actors

Smart Grid ICT Architectures Smart Grid Domains Grid Quality Services Green Efficiency Services

Market Services

Energy Provisioning
Source: IEC (http://www.iec.ch/zone/smartgrid/grid_about.htm)

Smart Grid ICT Architectures Smart Power Grid Networks

Open architecture

Smart Grid ICT Architectures Last Mile Architectures

Substation Feeder
GPRS

Datacenter

Concentrator

Database

Home A

Home E

-Single-point-of-failure -Concentrator in LV-substation (longer distances) -Lifetime of GPRS (heat, electro-magnetic field)

Smart Grid ICT Architectures Last Mile Architectures

Feeder
Powerline Communication

Substation
GW

G W

IP
Wired Internet (DSL, cable)
Wireless Internet (GPRS, WiMax)

Datacenter
Architecture EANDIS/Belgium

IP

Database

Smart Grid ICT Architectures Last Mile Architectures

WIRELESS (WiFi)

Feeder

Substation
GW

G W

IP
Wired Internet (DSL, cable)
Wireless Internet (GPRS, WiMax)

Datacenter
Architecture EANDIS/Belgium

IP

Database

Smart Grid ICT Architectures Home Architectures

Internet Efficient Energy Home Box LAN Renewables Advanced Ethernet over Metering Powerline (PLC) / WIFI ZigBee Dynamic Systems Control Data Management Control Interface Plug-In Hybrids Smart End-Use Devices

Distributed Generation and Storage

Based on figure from Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)

Smart Grid ICT Standards

Smart Grid ICT Standards

Example Members Retailers Aggregators Regulators Customers Providers MDMS CIS/Billing OMS WMS EMS/DMS Routers Towers Ground Stations Repeaters Rings Example Technologies Internet Protocols World-Wide Web ebXML IEC 60870-6 ICCP

External
Portal

Enterprise
Metering System

IEC 61970 IEC 61968 Web Services Multispeak Message Buses SONET, WDM, SONET WDM ATM MPLS Frame Relay Satellite Microwave IEC 61850 DNP3 WiMAX BPL / PLC Wireless Mesh ADSL Cellular Cable (DOCSIS) ZigBee WiFi LonWorks BACnet HomePlug OpenHAN

WAN
Collector

Field LAN
Meter / Gateway
Normal PEND NOR Critical EmergencyACTI Program MAL RID Peak Event OVEmergency ING Stage 1 VE Stage 2 ER E

Relays Modems Bridges Access Points Insertion Points Thermostats In-Home Displays Smart Appliances Field Tools PCs Building Automation

Current Temp 03/03/2007 Stat us

HAN

Progr 8:48am AW am: AY

Smart Grid ICT Standards

The landscape of involved standardization bodies

International

European
NIST (US)

National

Smart Grid ICT Standards

Mandatory requirements from EU governements

MANDATORY

Law Directive
Essential requirements

VOLUNTARY

European standards
Professional good practice

EU Mandate M/441 (CEN, CENELEC, ETSI)

IEC Smart Grid Strategic Group 3

Smart Grid ICT Standards

EU Mandate M/441 Standardisation Area

Smart Grid ICT Products/Solutions

Some facts, figures, forecasts,

GridPoint, SilverSpring

Smart Grid ICT Products/Solutions

x2

Source: Market Research ZPRYME.com

Smart Grid ICT Products/Solutions

Advanced Metering Infrastructure

3000 MW =30 peak-power plants

Utility Data Management Systems

Home Area Network PHEV

Storyline Tutorial
Smart Power Grids: Why (now)? The larger picture: Sustainability Smart Grid ICT Architectures Smart Grid Standards and Architectures Smart Grid Products Smart Grid: European projects End-users may not like the Smart Grid

MOTIVATION

CURRENT SOLUTIONS CHALLENGES END-USER

European projects/initiatives
Research challenges related to smart power grids:
Integration of large-scale stochastic (uncertain) renewable generation Impact of massive number of distributed PV panels on LV-segment (voltage increase, synchronisation, increased losses) Integration of (electric) energy storage: cost, capacity, level Integration of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (high load) Energy-saving and cost-saving potential of demand response and load/generation aggregation: selling stable profiles, flex Autonomous services deployed as a cloud service (privacy) Reliability of the smart power grid (what in case of failures) Interoperability and openness of the smart grid Microgrids, safety and power routing

European projects/initiatives
Industry Research Education Financing

European Industrial Initiative

European Energy Research Alliance

European Institute of Innovation & Technology

European Research Area

NATIONAL INITIATIVES

European projects/initiatives
Smart Cities Initiatives (EII)

European projects/initiatives
Industry Research Education Financing

European Industrial Initiative

European Energy Research Alliance

European Institute of Innovation & Technology

European Research Area

NATIONAL INITIATIVES

European projects/initiatives EERA

Industry Research Education Financing
European Industrial Initiative European Energy Research Alliance European Institute of Innovation & Technology

European Research Area

NATIONAL INITIATIVES

European projects/initiatives
Industry Research Education Financing

European Industrial Initiative

European Energy Research Alliance

European Institute of Innovation & Technology

European Research Area

NATIONAL INITIATIVES

European projects/initiatives
Electrical Vehicle E-LAAD.nl eMobility EDISON CABLE

Smart Grid

DEHEMS
META-PV LINEAR SMART-E

Research Centres Smart Grid Knowledge and Innovation Communities (EIT-KIC)

Storyline Tutorial
Smart Power Grids: Why (now)? The larger picture: Sustainability Smart Grid ICT Architectures Smart Grid Standards and Architectures Smart Grid Products Smart Grid: European projects End-users may not like the Smart Grid

MOTIVATION

CURRENT SOLUTIONS CHALLENGES END-USER

Smart Grid and end-users endEnergy-Efficiency Future generations Autonomous Systems

New Equiment = Expensive

Green Energy = Expensive

Active Involvement ???

Questions?

Wouter Haerick, PhD, MBA IBBT Ghent University IBCN BELGIUM Wouter.haerick@intec.ugent.be Prof. Filip De Turck / Prof. Chris Develder

IBBT Research on ICT aspects of Smart Power Grids and Green ICT

Around the globe, long-term goal is sustainability long-

Backup graph

Smart Grid ICT Architectures

Multi-home services

Based on figure from Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)

Smart Grid Activities

International standardsdeveloping organizations

ISO

JTC 1

IEC

ITU

JTC 1 WG 25

CENELEC

National Organizations Trade, technical, and government

ISA

ANSI(US) ANSI C12 Series

EIA/CEMA

ASHRAE

IEEE

SAE

AHAM

ASHRAE NIST SSPC 135 UIWG Zigbee Alliance

Consortia and user groups

EPRI IWG

AEIC Meter Group

UCA International

BACnet Users

BACnet Mfrs

IETF

IEC 61850 Users

IEC 61970/68 CIM Users

Open AMI

Utility AMI

Open HAN

RD&D Projects

CEC Projects

EPRI Projects

DOE Projects

DOD Projects

Other Projects

Demand Response
Voluntary, temporary adjustment of power demand by end-user or counterparty in response to market signal (e.g. price, emergency, etc.) Three basic forms Direct Load Control Price Response Interruptible Tariff Enabling technology automation ubiquity DR magnitude & reliability Still subject to human behavior
Image source: GDF Suez

Even with automation, overrides possible Persistence a question

Demand Response FLEXIBLE DEMAND NEEDED

High

V f
Supply Demand Low