TOPIC A: Ethinic Cleansing of the Rohingya Muslims in Burma

Introduction
The 2012 Rakhine State riots are a series of ongoing conflicts primarily between ethnic Buddhist Rakhine people and sizable minority Rohingya Muslim in northern Rakhine State, of Burma also known as Myanmar, by October Muslims of all ethnicities had begun to be targeted. The riots came after weeks of sectarian disputes and have been condemned by most people on both sides of the conflict The immediate cause of the riots was unclear, with many commentators citing the rape and murder of a Rakhine woman and the following killing of ten Burmese Muslims by ethnic Rakhine as the main cause, however the authenticity cannot be accounted for. The Myanmar government responded by imposing curfews and by deploying troops in the regions. On 10 June, state of emergency was declared in Rakhine, allowing military to participate in administration of the region. As of 22 August, officially there had been 88 casualties 57 Muslims and 31 Buddhists. An estimated 90,000 people have been displaced by the violence. About 2,528 houses were burned, and of those, 1,336 belonged to Rohingyas and 1,192 belonged to Rakhines. The Burmese army and police were accused of playing a leading role in targeting Rohingyas through mass arrests and arbitrary violence.

While the government response was praised by the United States and European Union, Amnesty International and other human rights groups were critical, stating that the Rohingya were fleeing arbitrary arrests by the Burmese government, and that the Rohingyas had faced systemic discrimination by the government for decades. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and several human rights groups rejected the President Thein Sein's proposal to resettle the Rohingya abroad. Some aid groups criticized the Myanmar government for creating a humanitarian crisis for Rohingya, for isolating them in camps, "abusive treatment," and preventing access to humanitarian aid, including arrests of aid workers. Fighting broke out again in October, resulting in at least 80 deaths, the displacement of more than 20,000 people, and the burning of thousands of homes. The Burmese government classifies the Rohingya as "immigrants" to Burma, and thus not eligible for citizenship. Some historians argue that the group dates back centuries while others say that it emerged in the 19th century. According to the United Nations, the Rohingya are one of the world's most persecuted minorities. Elaine Pearson, deputy director of Human Rights Watch's Asia division, said "All those years of discrimination, abuses and neglect are bound to bubble up at some point, and that's what we are seeing now."[ Areas to be considered and AGENDA that need attention Rohingya groups from across the world have signed a statement calling for a Global Day of Action on November 8 in support of human rights for the Rohingya people of Burma. We call upon all organisations and individuals who support human rights for the Rohingya to unite to take action on November 8th. On this date it will be 5 months since violent attacks against the Rohingya began in Arakan, the joint statement said. We call [on] you for demonstrations at Burmese Embassies or the Foreign Ministry in your respective countries. The Rohingya groups also called for support for its call to the United Nations to send UN peacekeeper forces and international observers into the restive region, the unhindered delivery of humanitarian aid to those affected, and for the establishment of a UN commission of inquiry into the violence. They also called on the Burmese government to repeal the 1982 Citizenship Law under which the Rohingya are effectively rendered stateless.

Questions to be addressed and to resolve in the committee (issues to be addressed

in the resolution and its formation (working papers)) 1.Question of Immediate actions to eliminate tensions between the two sects, And the intervention of peace forces What actions must be taken to eliminate discrimination of the rohingya sect? The Myanmar government announced state of emergency on 10th june instigating martial law the move was criticized by Human Rights watch, who accused the government of handing control over to a military which had historically brutalized people in the region. In history UN has given authority to foreign military to place troops for the purpose of eliminating terrorisms, in the past like the Afghanistan.

"We are deeply concerned by these events and by the consequences for the reforms and democratization of the country. We hope that all religious leaders will call for restraint," Barroso said in a speech 2.How to provide effective humanitarian aid. The Refugees and there Rehabilitation. Providing humanitarian aid has been a problem. With at least 32,000 people displaced by the latest violence and at least 107,000 since trouble broke out in June thousands have sought safety in refugee camps around the Burmese town of Sittwe. Those camps are at crisis point, according to Refugees International, which estimates that nearly a quarter of children were malnourished. "Conditions in these camps are as bad, if not worse, than ones in eastern Congo or Sudan," said Melanie Teff, a researcher with the charity who visited Sittwe in September. "Child malnutrition rates are startlingly high. There's an urgent need for clean water and food. If further aid does not come through, there will be some unnecessary deaths." "The EU stands ready to mobilize 4 million euros ($5.14 million) for immediate humanitarian needs, provided access to the affected areas is guaranteed," Barros, further more aid shall be provided through the campaign. The fear of further violence has prompted many of the Rohingya to look for sanctuary in neighboring Muslim countries. Many have concluded that the only realistic escape route is by sea. Those that have tried to get away have found that those countries are unwilling to accept them. At recent Bangladesh sent back two ships with Rohingya people. An estimated 6,000 people are stranded on boats or on islets along Myanmars western coast, it said on Tuesday. Some of those who have fled, such as the victims of last week's sinking, headed for Malaysia, where peoplesmugglers will take them for a fee. Others are looking closer to home to Bangladesh and Thailand but neither country wants them. Bangladesh is already home to around 300,000 Rohingya and is concerned about rising numbers. Thailand does not want them and has been accused of forcing refugee boats back out to sea when they have tried to land. 3Minority rights (civilian status) Rohingya are considered illegal immigrants the 1982 citizenship law states them stateless. The National Democratic Party for Development's head of political affairs, Abu Tahay, told Radio Australia's Asia Pacific members of the Arakan Liberation Army hope to establish an independent nation "without the Muslim community.""They don't want to establish a sharing and caring society, between these two communities," Mr Tahay said. This situation must not become an opportunity to permanently remove an unwelcome community, aid a joint statement issued by Tomas Ojea Quintana, UN special rapporteur on Myanmar. The United Nations has called upon the Burmese Parliament to review the 1982 Citizenship Law and amend the law in accordance with the international standard, thereby allowing stateless persons in the country to be granted citizenship.