Finite Element Modeling with ANSYS

Strukturlabor Spring Semester 2012

Alberto Sanchez Sebastian Kollert Timo Hilsdorf

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Contents

What is the Finite Element Method? Modeling with ANSYS - Element type - Modelling of composite materials

- Boundary conditions and load introduction

- Analysis

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What is the Finite Element Method?

For many engineering problems analytical solutions are not suitable because of the complexity of the material properties, the boundary conditions and the structure itself. The basis of the finite element method is the representation of a body or a structure by an assemblage of subdivisions called finite elements.

The Finite Element Method translates partial differential equation problems into a set of linear algebraic equations.

K q F
Stiffness matrix Nodal vector force Nodal displacement vector Reference: Introduction to the finite element method, C. S. Desai and J. F. Abel, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, 1972.
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Contents

What is the Finite Element Method? Modeling with ANSYS

Element type Modelling of composite materials

Boundary conditions and load introduction

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Modeling with ANSYS

The modeling procedure is the following:

GEOMETRY

ELEMENT TYPE

Shell or solid? Isotropic or anisotropic material?

MATERIAL PROPERTIES

MESH DEFINITION

Including the load introduction

BOUNDARY CONDITIONS Static Buckling analysis

ANALYSIS

POST PROCESSING

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Modeling with ANSYS Geometry and Element type

The geometry and the element type have to be considered together. Shell element are typically used for structure where the thickness is negligible compared to its length and width Nevertheless, a plate modeled with solid element would provide similar results. The disadvantage lies in the computation time. Ansys provides a large choices of elements.
Shell181 Shell281 Solid186

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Modeling with ANSYS Geometry and Element type

The Ansys command to define the element type is:

Or use menu: (Preprocessor- Element Type- Add/Edit/Delete- Add)

The geometry is defined with key points that are connect together to obtain either an area or a volume.
4:(0,0.5,0)

3:(1,0.5,0) 1:(0,0,0)

Or use menu: (Preprocessor- Modeling- Create)

2:(1,0,0)

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Modeling with ANSYS Material properties (1)

Isotropic material like aluminum

Orthotropic material:
1. Determination of the engineering constants (Using C.A.P.)

2. Or implementation of single layers in Ansys

Or use menu: (Preprocessor- Material Props- Material Models- Structural)

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Modeling with ANSYS Material properties (2)

Sections:
Build laminates in Ansys

(Preprocessor- Sections- Shell- Layup- Add/Edit) Or: sect,1,shell,,up secdata, 0.2,2,45,3 secdata, 0.2,2,-45,3 secdata, 0.2,2,45,3 secoffset,MID seccontrol,,,, , , ,

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Modeling with ANSYS Mesh definition (1)

Before meshing, it is necessary 1. To select the geometry to mesh 2. To give a material type 3. To give an element type

4. To select the mesh type

Free or mapped meshing 5. To define the mesh refinement

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Modeling with ANSYS Mesh definition (2)

Meshing different sections by picking

1. Select an element type 2. Select a coordinate system

3. Select a section

(Preprocessor- Meshing- Mesh Attributes- Picked Areas)

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Modeling with ANSYS Mesh definition (3)

Coordinate system:
Plot element cs: PlotCtrls- Symbols- ESYS Element coordinate sys (on) Create local cs:local,12,0,0,0,0,45,45,45

give number

offset, rotation

Cartesian

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Modeling with ANSYS Boundary Conditions (1)

Displacements constraints
nsel,s,loc,x,50-1,50+1 nsel,r,loc,y,-1,1 cm,support1,node nsel,s,loc,x,550-1,550+1 nsel,r,loc,y,-1,1 cm,support2,node cmsel,s,support1,node cmsel,s,support1,node cmsel,a,support2,node cmsel,a,support2,node D,all, , , , , ,uy, , , , , D,all, , , , , ,uy, , , , ,

Select support nodes and create components

Select components and fix vertical displacement

cmsel,s,support1,node nsel,r,loc,z,-1,1 D,all, , , , , ,ux,uy,uz, , , cmsel,s,support1,node nsel,r,loc,z,b-1,b+1 D,all, , , , , ,ux,uy, , ,

Select other nodes and fix displacements to get a statically determinate structure

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Modeling with ANSYS Boundary Conditions (2)

Loads introduction: The load is introduced into the structure by a rigid cylinder, that contributes to distribute the stresses. How can we model this effect? Simple line load Modeling the cylinder and the contact

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Modeling with ANSYS Boundary Conditions (3)

Simple line load

Modeling the cylinder and the contact

nsel,s,loc,x,l/2-1,l/2+1 nsel,r,loc,y,h-1,h+1 cm,mid,node cp,next,all,mid *get,nodes_num,node,0,count F,all,Fy,-10000/nodes_num

Select nodes and create component mid Create rigid element between the nodes (Couple DOF) Apply a force on each node

! Target element type: rigid cylinder ET,11,Targe170 ! Contact element type: deformable elements ET,12,Conta174 ! Setting contact options KEYOPT,12,4,2 KEYOPT,12,5,1 KEYOPT,12,9,1 KEYOPT,12,10,2 KEYOPT,12,11,1 KEYOPT,12,12,0 KEYOPT,12,2,0 KEYOPT,11,1,0 KEYOPT,11,2,1 KEYOPT,11,3,0 KEYOPT,11,5,0 ! Real Constant radius = 15 R,20,radius,radius,1.0,0.1,0, !Real Constants Real,20 RMORE,,,1.0E20,0.0,1.0, RMORE,0.0,0,1.0,,1.0,0.5 RMORE,0,1.0,1.0,0.0,,1.0 ! Contact material, friction coefficient MP,MU,13,0.01 Mat,13

! Mesh deformable contact elements asel,s,area,,4 nsla lsel,s,line,,3,7,4 nsll,a nsel,r,loc,x,l/2-15,l/2+15 Real,20 Type,12 Esurf ! Create rigid target element N,100000,l/2,h+radius+.1,-b/2 N,100001,l/2,h+radius+.1,1.5*b N,100002,l/2,h+radius+.1,b/2 Real,20 Type,11 TSHAP,CYLI E,100000,100001 TSHAP,PILO E,100002 ! Reverse normal vector ESEL,S,TYPE,,12 ESEL,R,REAL,,20 ESURF,,REVERSE !Loads nsel,s,node,,100002 f,all,fy,-10000

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Modeling with ANSYS Boundary Conditions (3)

Simple line load

CPU Time 8.3 s

Modeling the cylinder and the contact

CPU Time 45.4 s

Rigid element Displ -1.01 mm

Cylinder Displ -1.07 mm

Max Von Mises stress 150.1 MPa

Max Von Mises stress 141.3 MPa

DO NOT USE VON MISES STRESS WITH ORTHOTROPIC MATERIALS!

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Modeling with ANSYS Analysis

Static Analysis Buckling analysis

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Modeling with ANSYS

Ansys Help: help, command View command lines: List- Files- LogFile

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Thank you for your attention.

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