FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL

UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

TUTORIAL 4
SOLID MECHANICS 2 (BMCS 2333)
SEMESTER 2 SESSI 2005/2006
Statically Indeterminate Beam (Castigliano,s Theorem) & Strut
Buckling
1. A curved beam is in the form of a
semicircle as shown in Figure 1.
The free end is pinned but is
restrained to move in the horizontal
direction only. If a horizontal force, F
is applied at the free end, show that
the vertical restraining force on the
end
of the
beam
is given
by
4
3
F

.
Figure 1
Solution
( ) cos sin
x
M Q R R FR
( ) cos
x
M
R R
Q

, dx Rd
Vertical deflection at right support,
0 y

0
0
x x
M M
y Rd
EI Q

( )
( )
0
1 cos sin
1 cos 0
QR FR
R Rd
EI

3
3
2 0
2
R
Q F
EI

_
+

,
3
2 0
2
Q F +

4 4
3 3
F F
Q


2. Determine the reactions for the
fixed-end beam AB with a
concentrated load P shown in
Figure 2 by using Castigliano,s
Theorem. Also determine the
maximum deflection of the beam.
Solution
Unknown: R
a
, R
b
, M
a
, M
b
Static equation:
Since it is symmetry,
2
a b
P
R R

(1)
a b
M M
Portion CB:
1 1 x b b
M M R x +
,
1
1
x
b
M
x
R

Deflection at B,
2
1 1
0
L
x x
b
M M
y dx
EI R

( )
2 1
1 1 1
0
L
b b
M R x
y x dx
EI
+

2 3
2
1
2 2 3 2 8 24
b b b b
M L R L L M R L
EI EI
1
_ _ 1
+ + 1
1
, , ]
1
]
2
8 4
b
L PL
M
EI
1
+
1
]
Portion AC:
F
2
L
2
L
P
A
B
Figure 2
F
R

x
M
x
Q
Rsin
R-Rcos
2
L
2
L
P
A
B
M
a M
b
R
b
R
a
C
1
x
B
M
b
R
b
1 x
M
2
x
2
L
P
B
M
b
R
b
C
2 x
M
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
TUTORIAL 4
SOLID MECHANICS 2 (BMCS 2333)
SEMESTER 2 SESSI 2005/2006
Statically Indeterminate Beam (Castigliano,s Theorem) & Strut
Buckling
( )
2
2 2 2
2 4 2
x b b b
Px
L PL
M M R x Px M + + +
, ( )
2
2
2
x
b
M
L
x
R

Deflection at B,
2 2 2
2 2
0
L
x x
b
M M
y dx
EI R

( )
2
2
2 2 2
0
4 2
2
b L
Px
PL
M
L
y x dx
EI
_
+

,
+

2
3
8 2
b
L PL
M
EI
1
+
1
]
Total deflection at B,
1 2 b
y y y +
2 2
3
8 4 8 2
b b
L PL L PL
M M
EI EI
1 1
+ + +
1 1
] ]
2
3
4
8 4
b
L PL
M
EI
1
+
1
]
Since
0
b
y
,
2
3
4 0
8 4
b
L PL
M
EI
1
+
1
]
3 3
16 16
b
PL PL
M
3 3
16 16
a
PL PL
M
Maximum deflection occurred at
center point.
3
16 2
x b b
PL Px
M M R x + +
3
16
x
M L
P

Deflection at center,
2
0
2
L
x x
C
M M
y dx
EI P

2
0
2 3 3
16 2 16
L
PL Px L
dx
EI
_ _
+

, ,

3
3
256
PL
EI

3. Determine the reaction for fixed-ed

AB subjected to a uniform load of
intensity q as shown in Figure 3.
(Use Castigliano,s Theorem)
Solution
Unknown: R
a
, R
b
, M
a
, M
b
Static equation:
Since it is symmetry,
2
a b
qL
R R
(1)
a b
M M
Portion AB:
2
2
x b b
qx
M M R x + ,
1
1
x
b
M
x
R

Deflection at B,
2
1 1
0
L
x x
b
M M
y dx
EI R

2
0
2
b b
L
qx
M R x
y x dx
EI
_
+

,

2 2
2 3 8
b b
L M R L qL
EI
1
+
1
]
Replace
2
b
qL
R into above equation
2 2
2 24
b
b
L M qL
y
EI
1
+
1
]
Since
0
b
y
,
2 2
0
2 24
b
L M qL
EI
1
+
1
]
2 2
12 12
b
qL qL
M
2 2
12 12
a
qL qL
M
Aluminu
mmm
Steel SS
Figure 3
L
q
A
B
2
L
2
L
q
A B
M
a M
b
R
b
R
a
x
B
M
b
R
b
x
M
2
x
qx
x
B
3
16
PL
2
P
x
M
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
TUTORIAL 4
SOLID MECHANICS 2 (BMCS 2333)
SEMESTER 2 SESSI 2005/2006
Statically Indeterminate Beam (Castigliano,s Theorem) & Strut
Buckling
4. A horizontal bar AB is supported by
a pinned-end column CD as shown
in the figure. The column is a steel
bar ( ) 200 E GPa
of square cross
section having length 3 L m and
side dimensions 50 b mm . Calculate
the allowable load
Q
if the factor of
safety with respect to buckling of the
column is 2.5 n .
Solution
( )
( )
( )
( )
4
2
2
2 2
1
200 50
12
114.2
3
cr
GPa mm
EI
P kN
L
m

114.2
45.69
2.5
cr
allow
P kN
P kN
n

( ) ( )
( )
15.2
2 3
allow allow
P d P
Q kN
d d

+

5. The steel rod BC is attached to the
rigid bar AB and to the fixed support
at C . Knowing that 77 G GPa ,
determine.
i. the diameter, d of rod BC for
which the critical load
cr
P of the
system is 350N.
ii. the critical load
cr
P
for the system
when 12 d mm .
Solution
+ 0
B
M

:
0
cr B B
P h T
0
cr B B
GJ
P h
L

cr
GJ
P
hL
..(1)
B
B
T L
GJ

B B
GJ
T
L

a) Data;

350 , 77 , 375 , 500
cr
P N G GPa h mm L mm
From (1),
( )
( ) ( )
10 4
77
350 8.523 10
375 500
GPa J
N J m
mm mm


4
32
d
J


( )
10 4
4
4
32 8.523 10
32
9.65
m
J
d mm

Aluminu
mmm
Steel SS
d
2d
b
L
A
C
B
D
Q
Figure 4
d
A
B
C
P
375mm
500mm
Figure 5
B
cr
P
B
T
B
R
375
h
mm

B
h
B

B

C
B
B
T
500 L mm
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
TUTORIAL 4
SOLID MECHANICS 2 (BMCS 2333)
SEMESTER 2 SESSI 2005/2006
Statically Indeterminate Beam (Castigliano,s Theorem) & Strut
Buckling
b) Data;
77 , 375 , 500 , 12 G GPa h mm L mm d mm
( )
4
4
4
12
2036
32 32
mm d
J mm


From (1),
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
4
77 2036
836
375 500
cr
GPa mm
P N
mm mm

6. From the Figure 6, determine.

i. The critical load for the aluminum
strut.
ii. The dimension d for which the
steel strut will have the same
critical load.
iii. Express the weight of the
aluminum strut as a percentage
of the weight of the steel strut.
iv. The dimension d so that the
aluminum and steel strut will
have the same weight and
compute the critical load for each
strut
Solution
a) For aluminum,
1.8 , 70
e
L m E GPa
,
( )
4
8 4
25
3.255 10
12
mm
I m

( ) ( )
( )
2 8 4
2
2 2
70 3.255 10
1.8
cr
e
GPa m
EI
P
L
m

=6.94kN
b) For steel strut,
1.8 , 200
e
L m E GPa
( )
( )
4
2
2
2 2
200
12
6.94
1.8
cr
e
d
GPa
EI
P kN
L
m

_

,


19.2 d mm
c) Weight,
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
3
2
3
2710 25
0.58
7860 19.2
al al al
s s s
kg m mm
W LA
W LA
kg m mm

58% Percentage

d) For aluminum, same as solution
(a),
( )
6.94
cr al
P kN
For steel strut, since
al s
W W ;
( ) ( )
( )
2
3
2
3
2710 25
7860
al al s s
al al
s
s
LA LA
kg m mm
Ld
d
L kg m

=14.7mm
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
4
2
2
2 2
4
2
2
200
12
1.8
14.7
200
12
1.8
cr s
e
d
GPa
EI
P
L
m
mm
GPa
m

_

,

_


,

=2.37kN
Figure 6
A
B
P
d
1.8m
m
d
C
D
P
25m
m
1.8m
m
25m
m
Aluminu
mmm
Steel SS