Works Cited Primary Sources American Innovation. Tsar Bomb: Worlds Largest Bomb. N.d. Photograph.

This image is of the Russian nuclear weapon of Tsar Bomba. This image was merely to show the size of this multi megaton weapon. August 6, 1945 8:20 am. Pickchur. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Dec. 2012. <http://www.pickchur.com/ 2011/02/hiroshima-64-years-after-the-atomic-bomb-was-dropped/>. This photographs shows a young boy kneeling along the streets of Hiroshima crying. Babcock, Clay. Radiation Hazard. 1995. Photograph. Atomic Tourist. This image showed the sign warning of radiation limits in the Nevada test site. This image helped the project by showing the conditions that can be caused from nuclear radiation. Baldwin, Hanson W. Atomic Bomb Responsibilities: Resolving of Problem in Relation to Peace Is Linked to Moral Leadership of America Moral Aspect Stressed Program Is Suggested. New York Times [New York] 1945: n. pag. ProQuest. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. <http://search.proquest.com/docview/107171272?accountid=37394>. This is a newspaper that was written roughly 1 month after the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan. This source is important to our project because it gives an insight to the feelings of Americans at the time. It shows that the atomic bomb was not a ending (of the war) but a beginning (of a different kind of war). - - -. Mistakes of World War II: Atomic Bomb Use Held Unjustified. Los Angeles Times 7 Oct. 1950: 6. ProQuest Historical Newspapers. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. This newspaper article gave the opinion of Hanson W. Baldwin, the author who lived during the atomic bombing of Japan. Baldwin thought that the atomic bomb use on Japan was unjust because it

exemplified astigmatic concentration of the United States on victory. In addition to his opinions on the bombing, Baldwin also included many important facts to explain his argument in this article. Burned Victim. CNN. CNN News Network, 15 June 2012. Web. 20 Dec. 2012. <http:// www.cnn.com/2012/06/15/world/asia/world-photojournalism-stout/index.html>. A victim of the Hiroshima bombing, shown in the photographs, has huge burns on his hands. China Nuclear Power Plant. Asia News. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Dec. 2012. <http://www.asianews.it/ files/img/CHINA_Nuclear_Power_Plant.jpg>. This is an image of a nuclear power plant in China, which was used in our website to represent a nuclear power plant. FOP. Gym Class. N.d. Photograph. FunnyOldPlanet. This picture is an abandoned and destroyed gym class in Chernobyl. This image was a good visual and appealing that showed the horrible scenery by the Chernobyl incident. - - -. Prypiat Funfair. N.d. Photograph. Funny Old Planet. This image showed an image of a destroyed helmet next to the Prypiat Ferris wheel. This image was resourceful in providing appealing visuals. Fried dead body. Modern American Poetry. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2012. <http:// www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/g_l/levine/bombing.htm>. A burnt body of a dead victim from the atomic bombings in Japan is shown in this photograph. A girl with her skin hanging by pieces. Modern American Poetry. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2012. <http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/g_l/levine/bombing.htm>. This picture shows a girl at the Ohmura Navy Hospital on August 10-11, 1945 with her skin hanging by pieces. This is a good representation of the harmful effects the atomic bombing had on

the citizens present during the explosion. Hiroshima Bomb Claims New Victim. Washington Post and Times Herald 14 June 1955: 5. ProQuest Historical Newspapers. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. In this newspaper article, it was reported that a Japanese man, Makoto Mizuire, had died on June 14, 1955 due to the after effects of the radiation form the atomic bomb dropped in Hiroshima. The cause of Makoto Mizuire was a leukemia-type diseases attributed to the delayed radiation effects on the blood stream. This article showed that even though a decade had passed since the drop of the atomic bomb, it left behind devastating effects on the Japanese population. Hiroshima fire truck. Flickr. Yahoo!, n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2012. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/ atomaksjon/5971242488/>. This is an image of a fire truck after the Hiroshima bombing. It showed what Hiroshima looked like after the bomb, and the damage caused to the city. Hiroshima: The Morning After. Children of the Atomic Bomb. N.p., 10 Oct. 2007. Web. 20 Dec. 2012. <http://www.aasc.ucla.edu/cab/200708210001.html>. This photograph shows Hiroshima on August 6, 1945 after the explosion of the atomic bomb. Huge Atomic Cloud over Nagasaki. History 118: US History since 1877. N.p., 2010. Web. 20 Dec. 2012. <http://blogs.dickinson.edu/hist-118pinsker/2010/10/27/almost-present-atthe-destruction/>. A huge atomic cloud over Nagaski, Japan is shown in this photograph. Iqbal, Anwar. Pakistan-India tensions spur nuclear race. N.d. Photograph. DAWN. This image is of a Pakistani nuclear missile. This image was helpful in providing physical evidence of a nuclear arms race. Kennedy80. NNDB. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Dec. 2012. <http://www.nndb.com/people/113/ 000024041/kennedy80.jpg>. This is a picture of John F. Kennedy, which was used in our website because he was the president of the United States at the time of the Cold War.

Kohl, Keith. Nuclear Energy. N.d. Photograph. The Inevitable Move to Nuclear Energy. This is an image of a nuclear energy transmitter. This image was very appealing visually and shows the advancement nuclear technology has made in the science world. Lawrence, W. H. Visit to Hiroshima Proves It Worlds Most-Damaged City: TOKYO: THE BOMB-BATTERED JAPANESE CAPITAL AS IT IS TODAY. New York Times [New York] 1945: n. pag. ProQuest. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. <http://search.proquest.com/docview/ 107275379?accountid=37394>. The newspaper article was written about one month after the conclusion of WWII and the dropping of the bomb on Hiroshima. It was written by someone who visited Hiroshima after the bombing, and is important to our website because it tells of all the horrific damage caused to the city from the perspective of an American. Looking Outward. 22 Mar. 2011. Photograph. TIME. This image showed chairs and a view from some abandoned buildings. This image provided some good visuals of the Chernobyl area. Middleton, Drew. NATO Approves Rules for Defensive Use of Tactical Nuclear Weapons: NATO Sets Rules for A-ARMS Use. New York Times [New York, N.Y.] 1969: n. pag. ProQuest. Web. 20 Oct. 2012. <http://search.proquest.com/docview/118605145/abstract/ 139CAC2C76E1B281FE/1?accountid=37394>. In 1969, NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) approved the use of tactical nuclear weapons in the protection of Western Europe. This newspaper article gives information about the decision and is useful in our website because it shows the impact of nuclear weapons on how war is fought. Morrison, Patt. Atomic Bomb Victims Tell of Lingering Ills. Los Angeles Times 5 May 1974: n. pag. ProQuest Historical Newspapers. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. This newspaper article

discussed the medical issues of the atomic bombing that happen in Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. Mrs. Okai, an survivor who was visiting her mother in Hiroshima when the bomb exploded a mile away, said she was injured and her husband was killed from an atomic bomb related disease. Kanji Kuramoto, a young boy living in Hiroshima when the atomic bomb was dropped, claimed to suffering psychologically from the bloody memories. The atomic bomb dropping might have ended but the after effects continued to haunt the survivors many years later. Nagasaki Shiroyama Elementary School. Children of the Atomic Bomb. N.p., 10 Oct. 2007. Web. 20 Dec. 2012. <http://www.aasc.ucla.edu/cab/200708160002.html>. Nagasaki Shiroyama Elementary School was located one-third of a mile away from ground zero and this photograph shows the destruction done to its walls facing the bombs explosion. New Mexico. Leg. Executive. General Leslie Groves. The First Nuclear Test in New Mexico. 1945 Leg. Executive Print. This source was a Military Report from the then Joint Committee member General Leslie Groves to the Harry S. Truman, the then President of the United States. This source was used to help gain a better understanding of the Nuclear Testing the USA was doing secretly in New Mexico, and how it developed the weapons that would be later used on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. N.T. Nuclear Powerplant. N.d. Photograph. Nuclear Technology. This is a picture of a nuclear power plant. This picture shows how nuclear technologies have developed. Nuclear Power Plant. Resim Bul. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2012. <http://www.resimbul.com/ universite/rusya-universite-fiyatlari.xhtml>. This is a picture of a nuclear power plant. It was used in our website to represent one of the nuclear technologies.

A picture of Young Einstein. Vision. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2012. <http://www.vision.org/ visionmedia/biography-albert-einstein/596.aspx>. This Picture appears on the Manhattan Project page of our website. We used it to provide the viewer a visual of what Einstein really looked like. President Kennedy meets with Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev. KomoNews. Fisher Interactive Network, n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2012. <http://www.komonews.com/news/national/Newlypublic-RFK-documents-shed-light-on-Cold-War-173825751.html>. This is a photograph of the meeting between the primary U.S. leader and Soviet leader in Vienna. This shows the leaders of these two countries were attempting to talk about the issues and conflicts between the two countries. Radiography. Medicourse. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2012. <http://www.medicourse.co.uk/careers/ how-to-become-a-radiographer-about-the-role/>. This is an image showing radiography. It is used in our website because it shows that nuclear technology is used in places other than the bomb, as in this case, where it is used for medicine. Roosevelt, Franklin D. Letter to J. R. Oppernheimer. 29 June 1943. TS. This was a letter from President Roosevelt to Dr. Oppenheimer, the head of Manhattan Project, concerning the urgency and the secrecy of this project. The letter also encouraged the researchers to work harder. This primary source showed me how urgently the US needed nuclear weapons. RT. 50th Anniversary of the Tsar Bomba. Russia Today. RT, n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2012. <http:// rt.com/news/tsar-bomb-thermonuclear-test-111/>. This is a video clip of the Tsar bomba tests (Russian nuclear weapon). This is an interesting clip that shows the size of the explosion.

Signed photograph of the Enola Gay. History in Ink. History In Ink, n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2012. <http://www.historyinink.com/1229101_Tibbets_signed_photo.htm>. This is a photograph of the Enola Gay, the plane which dropped the atomic bomb. It was used in our website to show what the plane looked like and give a visual insight as to what other technology was used to drop the atomic bomb. Soviet Union. The Rooftop Runs of the Biorobots. Apr. 1986. Photograph. National Geographic. This picture shows the liquidators who went to the Chernobyl disaster to help. This image is important because it shows how important equipment is needed as precautions a nuclear radiation that could come from a disaster. Suess, Timm. Lenin Square, Prypiat. An Incredible Return To Ground Zero Of The Chernobyl Disaster. Buisness International, 12 Apr. 2012. Web. 7 Dec. 2012. <http:// www.businessinsider.com/chernobyl-disaster-photos-timm-suess-2012-4?op=1>. This picture showed an overview of Lenin Square in the city, Pyrpiat. This picture helped the project by showing how a nuclear disaster can leave a tourist attraction like Lenin Square demolished and abandoned. - - -. Pripyat Sign of Radiactive Contamination. N.d. Photograph. Chernobyl Disaster. Ukraine Travel. This image shows a sign indicating signs of nuclear radiation from the Chernobyl disaster. This image was helpful since it showed that nuclear radiation signs must be put otherwise people could be affected from going in to an infected area. Sweeney, Charles W. Wars End. New York: Avon, 1997. Print. This book is an eyewitness account by American Army Air Corps Major, Charles W. Sweeney, about the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and the Nagasaki. It provided an insiders look of the careful preparation beforehand to the devastating effects of the atomic bomb on the two cities.

United States. Argonne National Laboratory- Albert Einstein. Letter from Albert Einstein to FDR, 8/2/39. Print. This is a letter that was sent from Albert Einstein to Franklin Delano Roosevelt. This is a first hand account from one of the lead scientists of the USA Nuclear Weapons program. This source helped me understand how America was able to manage this program and how the work effort put into it affected the overall weapons effectiveness. This information also helped understand more of the Manhattan Project. U.S. Army. Huge Atomic Cloud over Hiroshima. Modern American Poetry. N.p., 10 Oct. 2007. Web. 20 Dec. 2012. <http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/g_l/levine/ bombing.htm>. This ariel photo, taken 80 kilometers away, shows a huge atomic cloud over Hiroshima on August 6, 1945 one hour after the drop of the bomb. Wikipedia. Chernobyl Disaster Aftermath. N.d. Photograph. Wikipedia. This picture shows the damage of the main hall/reactor. The image is useful since it shows the technical damage that occurred to the power plant which represents the strength of nuclear outbreaks. - - -. Tsar Bomba Mushroom Cloud. N.d. Photograph. Wikipedia. This image was a mushroom cloud created by the Russian nuclear bomb, specifically the Tsar Bomba. This image helped by showing the power of such a weapon and the destruction it could cause. Yamahata, Yosuke. Nagasaki: The Morning After. Children of the Atomic Bomb. N.p., 10 Oct. 2007. Web. 20 Dec. 2012. <http://www.aasc.ucla.edu/cab/200708150006.html>. This photograph, taken by Yosuke Yamahata, shows the devastated site of Nagasaki on August 9, 1945.

Secondary Sources

The Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki: Chapter 3 - Summary of Damages and Injuries. The Avalon Project. Lillian Goldman Law Library, 2008. Web. 17 Dec. 2012. <http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/mp03.asp>. This website includes a detailed summary of the causes of the similar damages caused by the atomic bombs at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki: Introduction. The Avalon Project. Lillian Goldman Law Library, 2008. Web. 17 Dec. 2012. On this webpage, there was a brief background (time and summary of casualties) of the bombings at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The quote on this website from President Truman was used in our website. Burr, William, ed. The Atomic Bomb and the End of World War II. The National Security Archive. N.p., 5 Aug. 2005. Web. 27 Sept. 2012. <http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/ NSAEBB/NSAEBB162/index.htm>. This web article was written sixty years after the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima. It states facts about the war, and also provides a collection of over 75 primary source documents. It is important to our project because of all of the primary sources it provides, and because it states general facts about the setting near the end of WWII. Cartoon Representing Cuban Missile Crisis. Truth Addict. Blogspot, n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2012. <http://truth_addict.blogspot.com/2011/09/x-men-first-class-and-cuban-missile.html>. This is a political cartoon portraying the Cuban Missile Crisis that was used in our website to show one viewpoint on the nuclear weaponry in Cuba. Cheek, Dennis W. "Atomic Bomb." Encyclopedia of Science, Technology, and Ethics. Ed. Carl Mitcham. Vol. 1. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2005. 134-137. Gale U.S. History In Context. Web. 16 Oct. 2012.

<http://ic.galegroup.com:80/ic/uhic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ ReferenceDetailsWindow?>. This source provides information about what a nuclear bomb is, and how the United States developed one. This source is important to our website because it gives lots of background on the nuclear bomb itself, and shows the U.S. perspective about building the bomb.

Einstein: Einsten in WWII. 2012. The History Channel website. Dec 16 2012, 9:48 <http:// www.history.comhttp://www.history.com/videos/einstein-einsten-in-wwii>. Herken, Gregg. Five Days in August: How World War II Became a Nuclear War. ProQuest. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Sept. 2012. <http://search.proquest.com/docview/195634296/ 1396E1519366820BEF2/1?accountid=37394>. The article provides general information about why WWII became nuclear; it tries to answer the question: why did the U.S. drop the bomb? This source was helpful to our project because it helped provide one answer to one of the many questions that arises about the nuclear bomb. Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Children of the Atomic Bomb. N.p., 10 Oct. 2007. Web. 20 Dec. 2012. <http://www.aasc.ucla.edu/cab/200708150001.html>. This website starts out with a brief summary of the explosions at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Then it talks about the death tolls and the children atomic survivors today. In addition, this website include links to other pages with many pictures used on our website. J.F.K. Library. Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. John F. Kennedy- Presidential Library and Museum. Ed. J.F.K. Library. National Archives and Records Organization, n.d. Web. 21 Oct.

2012. <http://www.jfklibrary.org/JFK/JFK-in-History/Nuclear-Test-Ban-Treaty.aspx>. This website is a Presidential Library on John F. Kennedy. The information I used from this website was on the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. This information helped me in the understanding of how nuclear relations could form diplomatic relations between USA, USSR, and Great Britain. Long, Doug. Leo Szilard. Doug - Long. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2012. <http://www.douglong.com/szilard.htm>. This website provide information on Leo Szilard, the brain behind the Manhattan Project. We used the photo from the top left corner of the page in the Manhattan Project page of our site National Science Division Library. The Beginnings of the Cold War. Atomic Archive. Ed. National Science Division Library. National Science Foundation of America, 2011. Web. 20 Oct. 2012. <http://www.atomicarchive.com/History/coldwar/page01.shtml>. This website was an archive of various information regarding the Cold War and nuclear testings. The information I used from this website was on the nuclear testing of the USSR (Soviet Union) and the USA, and how it began a weapons race between the two nations. Nuclear Proliferation. Gale History in Context. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Dec. 2012. <http:/ /ic.galegroup.com/ic/whic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow? failOverType=&query=&prodId=WHIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mo de=view&displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=f alse&source=&sortBy=&displayGroups=&search_within_results=&action=e&catId=& activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE|BT1605203076>. This was a great source. It provided information on the nuclear arms struggles between countries and helped me understand the motive that drove each country to produce nuclear weapons.

A Photo-Essay on the Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Modern American Poetry. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2012. <http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/g_l/levine/ bombing.htm>. This website included two articles describing the drop, effect, and aftermath of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings. In addition, there were many useful pictures used to support and clarify the two events. Roleff, Tamara L., ed. The Atom Bomb. San Diego: Greenhaven, 2000. Print. This book explained the whole story of the atomic bomb, from its development and dropping in Hiroshima and Nagasaki to the aftermath in both cities. In addition, this book also explained the effect of the atom bomb in the Cold War and included evaluations of scientist on the atom bomb. This source was extremely helpful because its gave the whole overview of the atomic bomb, providing us with the necessary background knowledge for further research. Takaki, Ronald. Hiroshima: Why America Dropped the Atomic Bomb. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1995. Print. This book discussed the question: why did America drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima? There are many controversial opinions about whether the atomic bomb ended World War II faster or if it heralded the start of the Cold War. This source was helpful because it explored many factors of the atomic bombing in Hiroshima and related the event to many of the individuals involved. Weiss, Ann E. The Nuclear Arms Race: Can We Survive It? Boston: Houghton, 1983. Print. This book provided views on how the people of the 1950-1960 felt about the Nuclear weapons. It also talks about attempts to destroy all Nuclear weapons. What Is Nuclear Medicine. Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Dec. 2012. <http://interactive.snm.org/index.cfm?PageID=3106>. This website

explains nuclear medicine. It was useful in our website because we used the information to show nuclear technologies.