QUESTIONS

1. Briefly describe the segments of environment. 2. What are the natural cycles of the environment? How do they sustain life in the biosphere? 3. Illustrate Hydrological cycle Oxygen cycle Nitrogen cycle Phosphate cycle Sulphur cycle Carbon cycle 4. Name the trace constituents of atmosphere with their approximate % by volume. 5. How would you broadly classify the major regions of atmosphere? State their respective altitudes and temperature ranges? What are the important chemical species in each region? 6. How does the earth manage its radiation balance so as to maintain an average temperature of 15C? 7. CO2 a non pollutant is perhaps the single most important environmental question facing us at present. Discuss in terms of the green house effect. 8. Illustrate the sources and sink of CO2 9. How are human activities likely to change the global climate? 10. What are green house gases? Discuss their contribution to global warming? 11. How is it possible to measure global warming? 12. Discuss ozone hole and its effect on human health? 13. Elucidate the earths intricate mechanism of regulating the global climate? 14. Discuss the impact of human activities on Antarctic environment? 15. What is the average composition of lake water? How does it differ from sea water? 16. Why is the hydrogen ion concentration of sea water constant at 8.1? 17. Explain the role of humic substance in aquatic environment. Suggest the structure of humic acid.What is its degradation products? 18. Give an account of the effects of micro organism on the chemistry of water. 19. Write notes on nitrogen fixation by bacteria. 20. What is the role of soil in environmental chemical cycle? 21. Show a soil profile indicating soil horizons. 22. Discuss the organic and inorganic components of soil. 23. Illustrate the nitrogen pathways in soil. 24. What are micro and macro nutrients in soil for plants? 25. Characterize the toxic effects of CO in the body? Is this effect reversible or irreversible? Does it effect on enzyme system? 26. What are primary pollutants? Discuss their sources and relative contribution to air pollution. 27. Illustrate the concentration profiles of CO, NOX, and SO2 during 24 hours of a day. 28. How do you propose to control

29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45.

46. 47.

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a) CO emission b) Hydrocarbon emission c) NOX emission d) SO2 emission e) Photochemical smog How do you draw samples of automotive emission and monitor CO, NO2, and hydrocarbon emission? Give an account of inorganic particulate matter and show its difference from organic particulate matter. Why are two catalytic reactor required to control all major automotive exhaust pollutants? Per unit mass why are small particles more effective catalysts for atmospheric chemical reactions? In regard to origin what are the three major categories of elements found in atmospheric particles? Write a note on indoor air pollutants? Give an account of air quality standards of primary pollutants? Illustrate how PAN is formed in a smog producing chain reactions? What are the methods of monitoring air pollution? What is HCFC? What are the harmful effects of CFC emission? What are the sources of air pollution? What are primary and secondary pollutants? What are the effects of air pollution? What do you mean by an aquatic environment? Show how major elements interact in an aquatic ecosystem? What is surface water and ground water? Explain the sources and effect of a. Surface water pollution b. Ground water pollution What are the broad categories of water pollution? Explain speciation scheme with reference to a. Particulate metals b. Heavy metals Explain the environmental chemistry of a. Hg b. As c. Cu d. Pb Give an account of a. Biodegradation of pesticides b. Oil spill and marine pollution What are the methods for controlling water pollution?

51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59.

60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70.

71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76.

What is industrial water control and management? What are the sources, effects of marine pollution? How can we control marine pollution? How would you classify waste? Give a list of typical toxic waste. Give an outline of solid waste disposal. What is hazardous waste? How can you provide for their detoxification? Classify the main categories of solid waste and characterize the contents and sources? How do you propose solid waste management? Discuss the merits and demerits of each method proposed. Writ short notes on a. Sanitary landfill method for waste disposal b. Incineration method for waste disposal c. Municipal waste composting d. Biotechnological approach to solid waste disposal Discuss the distinguishing features of activated sludge process. What are aerobic treatment processes? What are anaerobic treatment processes? Show how organic waste matter undergoes breakdown. Compare the advantages of aerobic and anaerobic processes. Discuss some of the advantages of physic chemical treatment of sewage as opposed to biological treatment. What are the relative advantages? Discuss the urgent needs for water reuse and recycling? How are these affected? Comment on land and ocean disposal of hazardous waste. What is biomedical waste? How can we control biomedical waste generation? What are the harmful effects of biomedical waste? What is e-waste? Write notes on a. Environmental audit b. Environmental laws in India c. EIA d. MARPOL e. Public liability insurance act f. EMP Suggest short term and long term action plans for cleaning up the environmental mess in India. Discuss human development and status of India. What is green house effect? How does it affect atmospheric quality? Name the green house gases in the atmosphere. State their relative contributions to green house effect. Describe the sources and sinks of the major green house gases. How do the green house gases function in the atmosphere? What is the impact on the global climate and consequently on sea water level, agriculture and marine food? ElucidateCO2 functions as a global thermostat: The earth would have been as lifeless as the Moon without CO2 and also as hot as Venus (Surface temperature 450 C) with too much CO2.

77. What are toxic chemicals in air and water? Indicate their sources and harmful effects. 78. Briefly describe waste water treatment by upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor process. 79. A big hydroelectric project is proposed by a State Govt. to be set up in forest area which is classified as a bioreserve. How an EIA for such project can be prepared? 80. Write critical notes on a. Composition of hazardous waste b. Eco friendly non conventional methods of waste treatment c. Pollutant cycle in the environment d. Environmental management e. Environmental laws 81. Write a note on the measures taken for improving the health and safety of industrial workers. 82. List out the various impurities associated with water quality resulting in water pollution. 83. Explain the terms BOD and decomposition of sewage? 84. Explain the self purification of rivers and the various stages of an oxygen sag curve. 85. With a flow diagram explain the functions of each unit in primary treatment of sewage. 86. Explain the working principle of a. Oxidation pond b. Trickling filters c. Septic tank 87. Describe the merits of Activated sludge process over trickling filters? 88. Explain the process of sludge digestion and sate the factors affecting the same. 89. Describe briefly the various methods adopted in final disposal of waste water sludges. 90. Write about microorganisms and their characteristics. 91. Differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic treatment of waste water. 92. What is COD? Why it is better than BOD? 93. List out the harmful effects due to disposal of industrial waste without adequate treatment. 94. Argue the merits and demerits for combining industrial and domestic waste before treatment and disposal. 95. Name the pollutants from fertilizer and tanning industries 96. Classify and outline the characteristic of particulate pollutant 97. Explain the working principle of cyclone. 98. State the merits and demerits of bag filter over other devices. 99. List the factors that are to be considered while selecting a particular device for removing various particulate matters. 100. With a neat sketch explain the function of electrostatic precipitator. 101. State the harmful effects of SO2, CO, Pb and photochemical oxidants on human health, vegetation, and materials. 102. Write short notes on a. Secondary pollutants b. Global warming c. Automobile exhaust d. Venturi scrubber

e. NOX control 103. What is the significance of determining the dissolved oxygen in water? 104.