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GEOGRAPHY

PAPER - I
SECTION A
Physical Geography.
1- Geomorphology :
Theories regarding origin of the earth, interior of the earth, origin of continents, types and origin of
mountains, plateau, plain, types and origin of rocks, Endogenetic and exogentic force, Earthquakes and
Volcanoes causes, result and world distribution, Weathering and Erosion, Cycle of erosion, Land
Forms- Fluvial, Glacial, Arid, Marine and Groundwater, types and origin of lakes.
2. Climatology :
Composition and structure of Atmosphere, Insolation-horizontal distribution of insolation on the earth,
Heat budget, inversion of Temperature, Isotherms, Global-Warming, Air pressure belts of the globe,
types of winds, detailed study of Monsoon wind, Jet streams, Humidity, Condensation, Rainfall- types
and distribution, Acid rain, Air masses, Fronts, Cyclones and Anticyclones, Concept regarding polar
front origin of cyclone. Thunder storm, Climatic classification by Koppen and Thoranthwaite.
3. Oceanography :
Configuration of ocean floor- Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Ocean, Temperature and salinity of oceans-
effecting factors of its distribution. Oceanic currents, Tides, Marine deposits, Coral reefs.
SECTION B
Human and Economic Geography
1. Development of Geographical Thought :
Determinism, Possibilism, Neodeterminism, Dualism in Geography, contribution of Arab and
European Geographers, Development of Geography in Indian in the 20th Century.
2. Human Geography :
Definition, nature and Philosophy of Human Geography, Human Races, Population- Distribution,
density and growth in the world. Problems of the world population and solution, International
Migration of population. Human Settlements- Rural and Urban settlement- Types and Pattern. Main
Cities and ports of world.
3. Economic Geography :
Definition, scope and Subject of economic geography, Concept of Resources, classification,
Conservation and management of Resources. Agriculture - types of agriculture, Major food and
commercial crops and their world distribution. Agriculture Regions of world. Mineral Resources-
world production and distribution of Iron Ore, Manganese, Copper, Gold, Tin and Bauxite. Power
Sources- World production and distribution of Coal, Petroleum and Hydro-electricity. Industries- Iron
and steel, Textile, Paper and ship building industries of world, Major Industrial regions of the world.
Means of Transport- Major sea, air and rail, road routs of the world and importance, International
Trades.
4. Political Geography :
Political Geography and Geo-Politics, concept of country and state, frontiers, boundaries and Buffer
area, Indian Ocean and world politics.
PAPER - II
SECTION A
Geography of India
1. Physical Features
Location & extent, Physical Conditions, Physical Divisions & Drainage System. Temperature & air
pressure, origin and mechanism of Indian Monsoon, distribution of rainfall, flood prone and drought
prone areas, climatic region. Soil-types, characteristics and their distribution. Forest- types, distribution
and importance, flora- fauna.
2. Human Features
Population- distribution, density and growth, composition of population, population problems and
policies. racial elements of Indian population, major Indian tribes, Linguistic Zone of India.
3. Economic features
Agriculture- major crops, cropping pattern, agricultural development, agricultural infrastructure-
irrigation, energy, fertilizers, mechanism, Green-revolution, modernization of agriculture, agricultural
regions, agricultural problems and planning. Minerals- Iron-ore, mica, manganese, Gold, Silver, Tin,
Copper-their production, utilization and distribution. Power resources- Coal, Petroleum, Hydro-
electricity, multipurpose river-valley projects, energy crisis and search of alternatives. Industry - Iron
and steel, Textiles, Paper, Cement, Sugar and Petro- Chemicals, Industrial-Localization, Development
& Distribution, Industrial Regions.
4. Transport and Trade
Networks of railways and roads, Airways & Water transport their problems & Prospects, International
Trade.
SECTION - B
Geography of Chhattisgarh
1. Physical features
Location & extent, Physical Conditions, Physical Divisions and Drainage System, Climate and
Weather conditions, soil types, characteristics & distribution. Natural Vegetation and their importance,
flora- fauna.
2. Human Features
Population- Growth, Density and Distribution, Rural and Urban population, composition of population,
major tribes and towns.
3. Economic features
Agriculture- major crops, cropping pattern, means of irrigation and importance, modernization of
agriculture, agricultural problems and planning.
4. Minerals, Power resources, Thermal Power Projects.
5. Industry
Agro based, Forest and minerals based industry, Major Industrial Zone.
6. Transport and Tourism.
Paper - I
GENERAL STUDIES :
(1) Indian Culture:
Nature and Characteristics- It will cover information regarding value system of different
culturalreligious groups existing in India.
(2) Indian History from the middle of 19
th
Century till Independence
Questions will be based on the Revolt of 1857, Moderates and Extremists in the Indian National
congress, revolutionary, tribal, peasant and non-violent movements.
(3) Current events of National and International importance
It will cover information on the events of national importance like coalition government system,
economic liberalization, pressure groups and regional extremism and separatist movements and
Naxalism. In international field impact of unipolarsystem on world politique and impact of
globalization on the socio-economic conditions of developing countries.
(4) Constitution of India, political system and Indian Administrative system
Questions should be based on salient features of Indian constitution, multiparty and regional political
systems and administrative decentralization.
(5) Main features of Indian Economy
Information regarding economic planning, industrialization, investment of foreign capital and their
impact on employment opportunities and condition of labour is expected.
(6) Geography of India: Main features
Elementary Knowledge about impact of india's physical features, climate, rivers, seas and mountains
on human settlements and occupation is required.
(7) The role of Science and Technology in the Development of India
Information reagarding india's achievements in the fields of transport, communication, information
technology, computer and electronics media and space.
(8) Indian agriculture and its role in rural economy
Candidates are expected to study Green Revolution, White Revolution, Mechanization of agriculture
and animal husbandry and their effect on rural life.
(9) Sports
Questions Shall be based on major national tournaments and india's place in international sports and
games.
(10) General Principles of Science, important scientific inventions and progress
of India in scientific field
it will cover information on aspects stated above.
(11) General introduction of Chhattisgarh
I. Geographical Location -
Borders and extent of Chhattisgarh, physical features, drainage, climate and natural regions.
II. Human Resources -
District wise distribution of population and density, sex ratio, religious, scheduled caste and scheduled
tribe groups, literacy and education, occupational structure, labour migration, birth and death rate,
urban and rural population ratio, economic planning.
III. Natural Resources -
Minerals, Forest and wild life, regional distribution of crops, planned development of agriculture,
Green Revolution, development of livestock, major rivers, dams and irrigation projects.
IV. Energy Resources -
Conventional and Non-Conventional.
V. Industries -
Large, Medium and Small industries, Cottage industries.
VI. Education -
Universities, Engineering and Medical colleges, Technical institutions, Status of primary and
secondary education.
VII. Transport and Communications -
Railways, roads and air transport, Radio, Television, Telephone and Mobile services.
VIII. Environment and its protection.
IX. Administrative Structure -
Governor, Legislative Assembly, Cabinet, District, Tahsil, Block Development, Panchayati Raj And
Urban Administration.
X. Sports and Games.
(12)History and Culture of Chhattisgarh
I. Ancient History -
Condition of Chhattisgarh from Vedic age to Gupta period, Major dynasties like Rajarshitulyakula,
Nala Dynasty, Sharabhpuriyas, Pandu Dynasty, Somavanshis etc.
II. Kalchuri and Maratha Periods -
Important Kalchuri kings, Kalchuri Administration, important Maratha Administrators, maratha
Administration.
III. Freedom Struggle -
Revolt of 1857, Political Consciousness, Non-Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement,
Quit India Movement, Attainment of independence and Formation of Chhattisgarh State.
IV. Major Archaeological and Tourist centers-
Bhoramdev, Malhar, Dipadih, Sirpur, Rajim, Shivrinarayan, Tala, Chitrakot, Barnawapara, Barasur etc.
V. Language and Literature -
Various dialects of Chhattisgarh and their grammatical forms, oral and written folk literature,
Chhattisgarhi literature and important litterateurs.
VI. Music and Dance -
Major styles of folk music, major folk dances, tribal dances.
VI. Fairs and Festivals.
VIII. Fine Arts and Theatre -
Major folk theaters, Folk painting and important painters, Modern painting and important painters.
IX. Activities of government of Chhattisgarh in the field of culture -
Various institutions established in the field of literature, music and fine arts. Awards established by the
Chhattisgarh Govt. in the above field. Important cultural festivals.
X. Tribes of Chhattisgarh.
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Section - B.
GENERAL ENGLISH
The test in language proficiency (of XII standard) will have the following
components:-
(I) Grammar
a. Verbs : Auxiliary and Modal Verbs, Main Verbs
b. Negatives and Interrogatives
c. Tenses : Time-Tense relationship
(II) Correction of Sentences
a. Related to articles, prepositions, adjectives, adverbs, etc.
(III) Vocabulary
a. Meaning : Synonyms and Antonyms
b. Spelling
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