Midterm: AP Lit Terms Used in Multiple Choice Questions: Objective correlative Coined by T.S.

. Eliot A set of objects or a situation symbolizes a particular emotion External facts cause emotional reaction from audience Stream of Consciousness Coined by William James in The Principles of Psychology Narrative mode that portrays individuals point of view by showing monologue of characters thought process Willing Suspension of Disbelief Coined by Samuel Taylor Coleridge If a write could infuse human interest in a fantastic tale, the reader would suspend judgement concerning implausibility of narrative Ex: like magic act, we shouldnt think woman is actually cut in half Doppelganger Coined by German author Jean Paul Second-self, often featured as a twin, shadow, or mirror-image of protagonist Literature is double of psychology Anti hero Coined by 1. Deprived of the rules/consequences of society 2. Outlaw with no status 3. Rejects values of society & seeks to establish own rules/ethics 4. A failure, sometimes stupid or even dishonest; often angry Bildungsroman Coined by philologist Karl Morgenstern Coming-of-age story

Invocation to the muse Used by Shakespeare & Milton call to goddesses for inspiration Epithet Coined by descriptive term in place of a name, characteristic of ancient epic poetry (Homer) ex: star crossed lovers Invective Coined by Form of libel used in Greek and Roman polemical verse Lyric poems used to express emotions; set to beat Meters: Iambic with short syllable followed by long syllable Narrative poems similar to short story in telling of events Epic Coined by Lengthy narrative poem Masque Courtly entertainment telling story with music/dancing in 17th century England Pastoral (Bucolic) Work that idealizes rural life Elegy poetic lament upon death of a particular person Apostrophe address to something inanimate Personification

 giving human qualities to abstract idea/nonhuman object Oxymoron figure of speech combining two apparently contradictory elements, often humorous Simile direct comparison using like or as Metaphor one thing pictured as if it were something else, suggesting likeness Paradox seemingly contradictory statement Irony contrast between what is stated and what is meant Imagery use of figurative language to evoke a feeling/idea, describe an object Metonymy figure of speech in which an attribute/feature is used to name/designate something Tone attitude literary work takes toward its subject/theme Nihilism Coined by Ivan Turgenev in his novel Fathers and Sons Life does not have meaning Commedia delarte Coined by Form of theatre that includes masked types (fixed social types, stock characters) Neoclassicism Coined by Reaction to Renaissance for order and direction from classical writers (Greece)

Theatre of ideas Coined by Realism depict person as they are in objective third person Magic realism magic elements are a natural part of an otherwise mundane story Theatre of mirrors Problem plays Coined by F.S. Boas Deals with social issues through debates with characters, between comedy & tragedy Well made play Coined by Eugene Scribe (Used by Henrik Ibsen) Casually revealed plot with climax at very end Letters falling into unintended hands Play within a Play Coined by ? Pirandellos work Verisimilitude: using a wealth of details Kafkaesque: using a bizarre, complex, illogical atmosphere Pirandellian: most of the important obstacles are within the character Internal rhyme rhyme between word in the middle and end of line

Alliteration sequential repetition of similar initial sound Assonance repetition of identical/similar sounding vowel sounds Iambic Pentameter five unstressed syllables followed by stressed syllables

AP Literature notes

New Historicism- new branch of literary criticism that brings in the life of the author as subject for analysis New Criticism- analyze actual literature onlynothing beyond the text Modernism- focuses on alienation, introspective anxiety, sort of like nihilism; a picture of life through the dumpster Well made play- highly stylized, exact rules go into making this kind of play (not like Ibsens plays) Existentialism- by Kierkegaard, stresses the importance of the individual (major theme is crisis of human existence) Passive voice- doesnt identify subject; puts importance on object by placing it first Interrogative sentences- get the reader thinking and actively engaged Literary romanticism- revolt against neoclassicism, 1798-1837 (started with Lyrical Ballads) o Poetry, emphasize emotions, doesnt follow a set of rules, natural settings, person vs nature or self, traditional English genres (i.e. ballads), language of common man

Motiveless malignancy- bad without a cause Willing suspension of disbeliefBallad- short, narrative poem; 4-lined stanzas; conversation poems; Coleridge Rime of the Theatre of the Absurd- we are absurd beings loose in a universe empty of real meaning Six Characters (close to existentialism) Iambic pentameter- U/U/U/U/U/ 10 syllables Negative capability- great people (like poets) are able to live with uncertainties and doubts (dont need to find non-paradoxical answers to everything) Objective correlative- group of images that create a particular emotion in reader Parallel structure- makes stream of consciousness easier to read Sonnets- 14 line poem in iambic pentameter o Petrarch (created sonnet)

o o o o o

Consist of octave and sestet Has a volta- change in direction rhyme scheme is important two types- italian and English sound echoes sense in sonnets

Ibsen- Father of modern drama (Dolls House) Treating women like ornaments has negative effects Moved away from well made plays to symbolic plays Middle class protagonists and not really a plot-based play (both examples of modernism) Astrangement from common more (moray means trend, and the play challenged Victorian complacency) New order of values in relationships Roles of a minor character o o o o o o o Catalyst Foil Antagonist Messenger Confidante Caregiver Mentor savior

Moral relativism- Nora makes her own rule to try to get to know herself before trying to raise children Fourth wall- imaginary invisible all at the front of the stage in a theater through which the audience sees the action in the world of the play Innovative play- symbolism (door slam), reversed gender roles, multiple dynamic characters, little imagery

Pirandello (Six Characters in Search of an Author)

Play within a play Breaking the fourth wall Commedia del arte Theatre of ideas- move away from plot and towards character development Foreshadowing Comic relief Willing suspension of disbelief

Paradise Lost (epic characteristics) Epic- long, narrative poem about national hero Begin with invocation to the muse Statement of theme Epic similes- extended metaphors Hero is larger than life Elevated language Traditional scenes- feat, voyage, funeral

Achebe (Things Fall Apart) Tragic hero- high social standing, has a downfall, good but not godlike Narrative structure o o o o o o John Milton 3 sections Fables Proverbs Chronological order POV Flashbacks/foreshadowing

Converted from church of England to puritanism; relation to god is major theme in his poems Fought on the side of puritans with his pen as a sword Went blind writing Wrote paradise lost Combined two cultural forces- reformation and renaissance

Rime of the Ancient Mariner Transgression- kill the bird Isolation Physical and mental suffering Change of heart/ recognition of crime Confessions Penance/punishment Reintegration into society Themes of ballads- lost love, death, nature is valued

Ode to Grecian Urn Lyric poem- opposed to narrative, dramatic Lyric poem expresses emotion Pastoral- shepherd-like Ode- elevated language for important occasion

Pride and Prejudice- Satire Targets- society and its institutions, type of person, person, place Literature aims to please or to instruct Satire aims to improve humanity This novel had horatian satire- amuzed at foibles of men, tries to evoke a smile, urbane

Indirect satire- characters make themselves ridiculous by thoughts and speech, satire brought about by the plot

Second Coming Allusion to Christianity Pits man against jesus, says man is getting away from the roots of Christian belief Free verse

Things fall Apart- oral traditions like fables and folk tales used to convey morals