CHAPTER 12: THE STRAIGHT LINE

GRADIENT

m=

y2 y1
x2 x1

Example

Exercises

1) (1,2) and (3,4)

4 2
2
m=
=
=1
3 1
2

1.) ( 2,1) and (4,3)

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2) (-1,2) and (3,4)

2.) (- 2,1) and (4,3)
4 2
2
1
m=
=
=
3 ( 1)
4
2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3) (1,-2) and (3,4)

4.) (2,-1) and (4,3)

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5) (-1,-2) and (3,4)

6.) (-2,-1) and (4,3)

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7) (-1,-2) and (-3,-4)

8.) (-2,-1) and (-4,-3)

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
3
1 3
1 1
9) (0, ) and ( ,0 )
10) (- , ) and ( ,- )
2
2
2 2
2 2

INTERCEPT

The Straight Line

 y-intercept (x = 0)

X-intercept (y = 0)
X-intercept

y=0

Example

Exercise

1) y = 2 x + 4

1) y = 3 x + 6

y = 0 0 = 2x + 4
4 = 2x

2 x = 4
4
x=
= 2
2

x- intercept = -2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2) y = 5 x 2
2) y = 2 x + 5
y = 0 0 = 5x 2
2 = 5x
5x = 2
2
x=
5

5
2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3) y = 4 x + 5
4.) y = 3 x +1
x-intercept =

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5) 2 y = 3 x 6
6) 2 y = 2 x + 5

7) y =

2
x +6
3

The Straight Line

8) y =

2
x 4
5

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
1
9) 2 y = x + 12
10) 3 y = x 3
5
9

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11) 2 y = x +12
12) 3 y = 3 x 2

y intercept

x=0

Example

Exersice

1) y = 2 x + 6
x = 0 , y = 2(0) + 6
y=6
y- intercept = 6

1) y = 3 x + 8

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2) y = 2 x 7
3) y = 3 x 9

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
1
4) y = x + 6
5) y = x 6
3
2

The Straight Line

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
2
6) y = x + 7
7) y = x 10
3
5

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Example
3
1
8) 2 y = x + 12
9) 3 y = x 21
5
9
3
X = 0, 2y = (0) + 12
5
2y = 12
y=6
y intercept = 6
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10) 2 y = x +12
11) 3 y = 3 x 2

..

PAST YEARS SPM QUESTIONS

1

SPM 2003
The gradient of the straight line
2x-7y =14 is

The Straight Line

B 6

2
7

C
D

-2
7

3
2

3
2

SPM 2004
y

Q
R(1,8)

0
x
P
The gradient of QR is -4 and the distance of
PQ is 15 units,
Find the x-intercept of PQ
A
-9
B
-12
C
9

2004J
Diagram below shows a straight line
MN on a Cartesian plane.
y

N(0,4)

M(-2, -1)
The gradient of MN is
A
5
B
C
D
3

SPM 2004
Diagram below shows a straight line LM on
a Cartesian plane.

12
6
11
2
9
3
8

2004 J
The graph in the diagram below shows
1
a straight line JK with gradient 2
y
J(0,3)

The gradient of LM
A
-1
B
1
-

x
K
Calculate the x-intercept of JK

The Straight Line

4
15

2
1
2

The gradient of the straight line

SPM 2005
In the diagram below, PQ is a straight line.

2
4 y x = 8 is
3
A 1
6
B 8
3

C
D

2
6

Diagram below shows a straight line

What is the gradient of PQ?

A
-2
B
1

4
RS which has gradient
3

R(-12,0) 0

10

1
2

SPM 2006 J
State the y-intercept of the straight line 3y2x-11=0
A
11

The y-intercept of RS is

B
C
D

9
12
16

11

SPM 2005
Find the y-intercept of the straight line
3x-4y=24
A
B
C
D

4
3

-6
8

The Straight Line

The straight line PQ has gradient of 2. The

coordinates of P are (0,6).
The x-intercept of PQ is
A
-3
B

3
4

3
11
3
11

2
11
2

1
3

1
3

12. SPM 2006 (N)

The coordinates of point P(-1,1) and the
gradient of the straight line PQ is 2.
The coordinates of point Q could be
A
(3,3)
B
(3,9)
C
(3,-1)
D
(3, -7)

5
3
3
B.
5
3
C.
5
5
D.
3
A.

3
and
7
passes through the point (0,6). The
x- intercept of the straight line is

13. SPM 2006(N)

In Diagram below, EF is a straight line with
gradient

1
4

15. A straight line has a gradient

A.
B.
C.
D.

E
x

-14
-6
6
14

16. SPM 2008(J)

Diagram 15 shows a straight line KL,
on a Cartesian plane

-3
F
Find the x-intercept of the straight line EF.
A
B
C
D

1
12
3

L(6,h)

-3
-12

O
K(-2,-1)

x
Diagram 15

SPM 2007(J)
14. In Diagram 16, PQR is a straight line
and O is the origin.

K(-2,-1)
The gradient of KL is

3
. Find the
2

Value of h
11
A.
3

x
R(3,-5)
Diagram 16

B.

13
3

C.

D.

11

17. Find the y-intercept of the straight line

The Straight Line

5y = 3x 6
A.

-6
6
B.
5
3
C.
5
D.
3
SPM 2008(N)
18.Diagram 16 shows a straight line PQ on
a Cartesian plane.

y
Q(5,4)

P(-1,2)
O

x
Diagram 16

Find the gradient of PQ.

A.

B.

C.
D.

1
2
1
3

19. State the x-intercept of the straight line

3x 4y + 24 = 0
A.

-8

B.

-6

C.

D.

The Straight Line

ANSWERS
Chapter 12 I The Straight Line
1. A
2. A
3. A
4. A
5. B
6. A
7. D
8. C
9. D
10. B
11. A
12. B
13.
D
14.
D
15.
D
16.
D
17.
B
18.
D
19.
A

The Straight Line