Republic Act No.

8749

June 23, 1999

(c) Focus primarily on pollution prevention rather than on control and provide for a comprehensive management program for air pollution; (d) Promote public information and education and to encourage the participation of an informed and active public in air quality planning and monitoring; and (e) Formulate and enforce a system of accountability for short and long-term adverse environmental impact of a project, program or activity. This shall include the setting up of a funding or guarantee mechanism for clean-up and environmental rehabilitation and compensation for personal damages. Section 4. Recognition of Rights. - Pursuant to the above-declared principles, the following rights of citizens are hereby sought to be recognized and the State shall seek to guarantee their enjoyment: (a) The right to breathe clean air; (b) The right to utilize and enjoy all natural resources according to the principles of sustainable development; (c) The right to participate in the formulation, planning, implementation and monitoring of environmental policies and programs and in the decision-making process; (d) The right to participate in the decision-making process concerning development policies, plans and programs projects or activities that may have adverse impact on the environment and public health; (e) The right to be informed of the nature and extent of the potential hazard of any activity, undertaking or project and to be served timely notice of any significant rise in the level of pollution and the accidental or deliberate release into the atmosphere of harmful or hazardous substances; (f) The right of access to public records which a citizen may need to exercise his or her rights effectively under this Act; (g) The right to bring action in court or quasi-judicial bodies to enjoin all activities in violation of environmental laws and regulations, to compel the rehabilitation and cleanup of affected area, and to seek the imposition of penal sanctions against violators of environmental laws; and

AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A COMPREHENSIVE AIR POLLUTION CONTROL POLICY AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled:: Chapter 1 General Provisions Article One Basic Air Quality Policies Section 1. Short Title. - This Act shall be known as the "Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999." Section 2. Declaration of Principles. - The State shall protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature. The State shall promote and protect the global environment to attain sustainable development while recognizing the primary responsibility of local government units to deal with environmental problems. The State recognizes that the responsibility of cleaning the habitat and environment is primarily area-based. The State also recognizes the principle that "polluters must pay". Finally, the State recognizes that a clean and healthy environment is for the good of all and should, therefore, be the concern of all. Section 3. Declaration of Policies. - The State shall pursue a policy of balancing development and environmental protection. To achieve this end, the frame work for sustainable development shall be pursued. It shall be the policy of the State to: (a) Formulate a holistic national program of air pollution management that shall be implemented by the government through proper delegation and effective coordination of functions and activities; (b) Encourage cooperation and self-regulation among citizens and industries through the application of market-based instruments;

(h) The right to bring action in court for compensation of personal damages resulting from the adverse environmental and public health impact of a project or activity. Article Two Definition of Terms Section 5. Definitions. - As used in this Act: a) "Air pollutant" means any matter found in the atmosphere other than oxygen, nitrogen, water vapor, carbon dioxide, and the inert gases in their natural or normal concentrations, that is detrimental to health or the environment, which includes but not limited to smoke, dust, soot, cinders, fly ash, solid particles of any kind, gases, fumes, chemical mists, steam and radio-active substances; b) "Air pollution" means any alteration of the physical, chemical and biological properties of the atmospheric air, or any discharge thereto of any liquid, gaseous or solid substances that will or is likely to create or to render the air resources of the country harmful, detrimental, or injurious to public health, safety or welfare or which will adversely affect their utilization for domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural, recreational, or other legitimate purposes; c) "Ambient air quality guideline values" mean the concentration of air over specified periods classified as short-term and long-term which are intended to serve as goals or objectives for the protection of health and/or public welfare. These values shall be used for air quality management purposes such as determining time trends, evaluating stages of deterioration or enhancement of the air quality, and in general, used as basis for taking positive action in preventing, controlling, or abating air pollution; d) "Ambient air quality" means the general amount of pollution present in a broad area; and refers to the atmosphere's average purity as distinguished from discharge measurements taken at the source of pollution; e) "Certificate of Conformity" means a certificate issued by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources to a vehicle manufacturer/assembler or importer certifying that a particular new vehicle or vehicle type meets the requirements provided under this Act and its rules and regulations; f) "Department" means the Department of Environment and Natural Resources;

g) "Eco-profile" means the geographic-based instrument for planners and decision-makers which present an evaluation of the environmental quality and carrying capacity of an area. It is the result of the integration of primary and secondary data and information on natural resources and anthropogenic activities on the land which are evaluated by various environmental risk assessment and forecasting methodologies that enable the Department to anticipate the type of development control necessary in the planning area; h) "Emission" means any air contaminant, pollutant, gas stream or unwanted sound from a known source which is passed into the atmosphere; i) "Greenhouse gases" mean those gases that can potentially or can reasonably be expected to induce global warming, which include carbon dioxide, methane, oxides of nitrogen, chlorofluorocarbons, and the like; j) "Hazardous substances" mean those substances which present either: (1) short-term acute hazards such as acute toxicity by ingestion, inhalation, or skin absorption, corrosivity or other skin or eye contact hazard or the risk of fire explosion; or (2) longterm toxicity upon repeated exposure, carcinogenicity (which in some cases result in acute exposure but with a long latent period), resistance to detoxification process such as biodegradation, the potential to pollute underground or surface waters; k) "Infectious waste" means that portion of medical waste that could transmit an infectious disease; l) "Medical waste" means the materials generated as a result of patient diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of human beings or animals; m) "Mobile source" means any vehicle propelled by or through combustion of carbon-based or other fuel, constructed and operated principally for the conveyance of persons or the transportation of property goods; n) "Motor vehicle" means any vehicle propelled by a gasoline or diesel engine or by any means other than human or animal power, constructed and operated principally for the conveyance of persons or the transportation of property or goods in a public highway or street open to public use; o) "Municipal waste" means the waste materials generated from communities within a specific locality;

p) "New vehicle" means a vehicle constructed entirely from new parts that has never been sold or registered with the DOTC or with the appropriate agency or authority, and operated on the highways of the Philippines, any foreign state or country; q) "Octane Rating or the Anti-Knock Index(AKI)" means the rating of the anti-knock characteristics of a grade or type of automotive gasoline as determined by dividing by two (2) the sum of the Research Octane Number (RON), plus the Motor Octane Number (MON); the octane requirement, with respect to automotive gasoline for use in a motor vehicle or a class thereof, whether imported, manufactured, or assembled by a manufacturer, shall refer to the minimum octane rating of such automotive gasoline which such manufacturer recommends for the efficient operation of such motor vehicle, or a substantial portion of such class, without knocking; r) "Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS)" means those substances that significantly deplete or otherwise modify the ozone layer in a manner that is likely to result in adverse effects of human health and the environment such as, but not limited to, chloroflourocarbons, halons and the like; s) "Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)" means the organic compounds that persist in the environment, bioaccumulate through the food web, and pose a risk of causing adverse effects to human health and the environment. These compounds resist photolytic, chemical and biological degradation, which shall include but not be limited to dioxin, furan, Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides, such as aldrin, dieldrin, DDT, hexachlorobenzene, lindane, toxaphere and chlordane; t) "Poisonous and toxic fumes" means any emissions and fumes which are beyond internationally - accepted standards, including but not limited to the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline values; u) "Pollution control device" means any device or apparatus used to prevent, control or abate the pollution of air caused by emissions from identified pollution sources at levels within the air pollution control standards established by the Department; v) "Pollution control technology" means the pollution control devices, production process, fuel combustion processes or other means that effectively prevent or reduce emissions or effluent; w) "Standard of performance" means a standard for emissions of air pollutant which reflects the degree of emission limitation achievable through the application of the best system of emission reduction, taking into account the cost of achieving such reduction and any non-

air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirement which the Department determines, and adequately demonstrates; and x) "Stationary source" means any building or immobile structure, facility or installation which emits or may emit any air pollutant. Chapter 2 Air Quality Management System Article One General Provisions Section 6. Air Quality Monitoring and Information Network. Section 7. Integrated Air Quality Improvement Framework. Section 8. Air Quality Control Action Plan. Section 9. Airsheds. - Pursuant to Sec. 8 of this Act, the designation of airsheds shall be on the basis of, but not limited to, areas with similar climate, meteorology and topology which affect the interchange and diffusion of pollutants in the atmosphere, or areas which share common interest or face similar development programs, prospects or problems. For a more effective air quality management, a system of planning and coordination shall be established and a common action plan shall be formulated for each airshed. To effectively carry out the formulated action plans, a Governing Board is hereby created, hereinafter referred to as the Board. The Board shall be headed by the Secretary of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources as chairman. The members shall be as follows: a) Provincial Governors from areas belonging to the airshed; b) City/Municipal Mayors from areas belonging to the airshed; c) A representative from each concerned government agency; d) Representatives from peoples organizations; e) Representatives from non-government organizations; and f) Representatives from the private sector.

The Board shall perform the following functions: a) Formulation of policies; b) Preparation of a common action plan; c) Coordination of functions among its members; and d) Submission and publication of an annual Air Quality Status Report for each airshed. Upon consultation with appropriate local government authorities, the Department shall, from time to time, revise the designation of airsheds utilizing eco-profiling techniques and undertaking scientific studies. Emissions trading may be allowed among pollution sources within an airshed. Section 10. Management of Non-attainment Areas. - The Department shall designate areas where specific pollutants have already exceeded ambient standards as non-attainment areas. The Department shall prepare and implement a program that will prohibit new sources of exceeded air pollutant without a corresponding reduction in existing resources. In coordination with other appropriate government agencies, the LGUs shall prepare and implement a program and other measures including relocation, whenever necessary, to protect the health and welfare of residents in the area. For those designated as nonattainment areas, the Department, after consultation with local government authorities, nongovernment organizations (NGOs), peoples organizations (POs) and concerned sectors may revise the designation of such areas and expand its coverage to cover larger areas depending on the condition of the areas. Section 11. Air Quality Control Techniques. - Simultaneous with the issuance of the guideline values and standards, the Department, through the research and development program contained in this Act and upon consultation with appropriate advisory committees, government agencies and LGUs, shall issue, and from time to time, revise information on air pollution control techniques. Such information shall include: (a) Best available technology and alternative methods of prevention, management and control of air pollution; (b) Best available technology economically achievable which shall refer to the technological basis/standards for emission limits applicable to existing, direct industrial emitters of nonconventional and toxic pollutants; and

(c) Alternative fuels, processes and operating methods which will result in the eliminator or significant reduction of emissions. Such information may also include data relating to the cost of installation and operation, energy requirements, emission reduction benefits, and environmental impact or the emission control technology. The issuance of air quality guideline values, standards and information on air quality control techniques shall be made available to the general public: Provided, That the issuance of information on air quality control techniques shall not be construed as requiring the purchase of certain pollution control devices by the public. Section 12. Ambient Air Quality Guideline Values and Standards. . Section 13. Emission Charge System. - The Department, in case of industrial dischargers, and the Department of Transportation and Communication (DOTC), in case of motor vehicle dischargers, shall, based on environmental techniques, design, impose on and collect regular emission fees from said dischargers as part of the emission permitting system or vehicle registration renewal system, as the case may be. The system shall encourage the industries and motor vehicles to abate, reduce, or prevent pollution. The basis of the fees include, but is not limited to, the volume and toxicity of any emitted pollutant. Industries, which shall install pollution control devices or retrofit their existing facilities with mechanisms that reduce pollution shall be entitled to tax incentives such as but not limited total credits and/or accelerated depreciation deductions. Section 14. Air Quality Management Fund. - An Air Quality Management Fund to be administered by the Department as a special account in the National Treasury is hereby established to finance containment, removal, and clean-up operations of the Government in air pollution cases, guarantee restoration of ecosystems and rehabilitate areas affected by the acts of violators of this Act, to support research, enforcement and monitoring activities and capabilities of the relevant agencies, as well as to provide technical assistance to the relevant agencies. Such fund may likewise be allocated per airshed for the undertakings herein stated. The Fund shall be sourced from the fines imposed and damages awarded to the Republic of the Philippines by the Pollution Adjudication Board (PAB), proceeds of licenses and permits issued by the Department under this Act, emission fees and from donations, endowments and grants in the forms of contributions. Contributions to the Fund shall be exempted from donor taxes and all other taxes, charges or fees imposed by the Government. Section 15. Air Pollution Research and Development Program. -

Article Two Air Pollution Clearances and Permits for Stationary Sources Section 16. Permits. - Consistent with the provisions of this Act, the Department shall have the authority to issue permits as it may determine necessary for the prevention and abatement of air pollution. Said permits shall cover emission limitations for the regulated air pollutants to help attain and maintain the ambient air quality standards. These permits shall serve as management tools for the LGUs in the development of their action plan. Section 17. Emission Quotas. - The Department may allow each regional industrial center that is designated as special airshed to allocate emission quotas to pollution sources within its jurisdiction that qualify under an environmental impact assessment system programmatic compliance program pursuant to the implementing rules and regulations of Presidential Decree No. 1586. Section 18. Financial Liability for Environmental Rehabilitation. - As part of the environmental management plan attached to the environmental compliance certificate pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 1586 and rules and regulations set therefor, the Department shall require program and project proponents to put up financial guarantee mechanisms to finance the needs for emergency response, clean-up rehabilitation of areas that may be damaged during the program or projects actual implementation. Liability for damages shall continue even after the termination of a program or project, where such damages are clearly attributable to that program or project and for a definite period to be determined by the Department and incorporated into the environmental compliance certificate. Financial liability instruments may be in the form a trust fund, environmental insurance, surety bonds, letters of credit, as well as self-insurance. The choice of the guarantee instruments shall furnish the Department with evidence of availment of such instruments. Article Three Pollution from Stationary Sources Section 19. Pollution From Stationary Sources. Section 20. Ban on Incineration. - Incineration, hereby defined as the burning of municipal, biomedical and hazardous waste, which process emits poisonous and toxic fumes is hereby prohibited; Provided, however, That the prohibition shall not apply to traditional small-scale method of community/neighborhood sanitation "siga", traditional, agricultural, cultural, health, and food preparation and crematoria; Provided, Further, That existing incinerators dealing with a biomedical wastes shall be out within three (3) years after the effectivity of this

Act;Provided, Finally, that in the interim, such units shall be limited to the burning of pathological and infectious wastes, and subject to close monitoring by the Department. Local government units are hereby mandated to promote, encourage and implement in their respective jurisdiction a comprehensive ecological waste management that includes waste segregation, recycling and composting. With due concern on the effects of climate change, the Department shall promote the use of state-of-the-art, environmentally-sound and safe non-burn technologies for the handling, treatment, thermal destruction, utilization, and disposal of sorted, unrecycled, uncomposted, biomedical and hazardous wastes.

Article Four Pollution from Motor Vehicles Section 21. Pollution from Motor Vehicles. Section 22. Regulation of All Motor Vehicles and Engines. - Any imported new or locally-assembled new motor vehicle shall not be registered unless it complies with the emission standards set pursuant to this Act, as evidenced by a Certificate of Conformity (COC) issued by the Department. Any imported new motor vehicle engine shall not be introduced into commerce, sold or used unless it complies with emission standards set pursuant to this Act. Any imported used motor vehicle or rebuilt motor vehicle using new or used engines, major parts or components shall not be registered unless it complies with the emission standards. In case of non-compliance, the importer or consignee may be allowed to modify or rebuild the vehicular engine so it will be in compliance with applicable emission standards. No motor vehicle registration (MVR) shall be issued unless such motor vehicle passes the emission testing requirement promulgated in accordance with this Act. Such testing shall be conducted by the DOTC or its authorized inspection centers within sixty (60) days prior to date of registration.

The DTI shall promulgate the necessary regulations prescribing the useful life of vehicles and engines including devices in order to ensure that such vehicles will conform to the emissions which they were certified to meet. These regulations shall include provisions for ensuring the durability of emission devices. Section 23. Second-Hand Motor Vehicle Engines. - Any imported second-hand motor vehicle engine shall not be introduced into commerce, sold or used unless it complies with emission standards set pursuant to this Act. Article Five Pollution from Other Sources Section 24. Pollution from smoking. - Smoking inside a public building or an enclosed public place including public vehicles and other means of transport or in any enclosed area outside of one's private residence, private place of work or any duly designated smoking area is hereby prohibited under this Act. This provision shall be implemented by the LGUs. Section 25. Pollution from other mobile sources. - The Department, in coordination with appropriate agencies, shall formulate and establish the necessary standards for all mobile sources other than those referred to in Sec. 21 of this Act. The imposition of the appropriate fines and penalties from these sources for any violation of emission standards shall be under the jurisdiction of the DOTC. Chapter 3 Fuels, Additives, Substances and Pollutants Article One Fuels, Additives and Substances Section 26. Fuels and Additives. - Pursuant to the Air Quality Framework to be established under Section 7 of this Act, the Department of Energy (DOE), cochaired by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), in consultation with the Bureau of Product Standards (BPS) of the DTI, the DOST, the representatives of the fuel and automotive industries, academe and the consumers shall set the specifications for all types of fuel and fuel-related products, to improve fuel composition for increased efficiency and reduced emissions: Provided, however, that the specifications for all types of fuel and fuel-related products set-forth pursuant to this section shall be adopted by the BPS as Philippine National Standards (PNS). The DOE shall also specify the allowable content of additives in all types of fuels and fuel-related products. Such standards shall be based primarily on threshold levels of health and research studies. On the basis of such specifications, the DOE shall likewise limit the content or begin that phase-out of additives in all types of fuels and fuel-related products as it may deem necessary. Other

agencies involved in the performance of this function shall be required to coordinate with the DOE and transfer all documents and information necessary for the implementation of this provision. Consistent with the provisions of the preceding paragraphs under this section, it is declared that: a) not later than eighteen (18) months after the effectivity of this Act, no person shall manufacture, import, sell, supply, offer for sale, dispense, transport or introduce into commerce unleaded premium gasoline fuel which has an anti-knock index (AKI) of not less that 87.5 and Reid vapor pressure of not more than 9 psi. Within six (6) months after the effectivity of this Act, unleaded gasoline fuel shall contain aromatics not to exceed forty-five percent (45%) by volume and benzene not to exceed four percent (4%) by volume;Provided, that by year 2003, unleaded gasoline fuel should contain aromatics not to exceed thirty-five percent (35%) by volume and benzene not to exceed two percent (2%) by volume; b) not later than eighteen (18) months after the effectivity of this Act, no person shall manufacture, import, sell, supply, offer for sale, dispense, transport or introduce into commerce automotive diesel fuel which contains a concentration of sulfur in excess of 0.20% by weight with a cetane number of index of not less than forty-eight (48): Provided, That by year 2004, content of said sulfur shall be 0.05% by weight; and c) not later than eighteen (18) months after the effectivity of this Act, no Person shall manufacture, import, sell, supply, offer for sale, dispense, transport or introduce into commerce industrial diesel fuel which contains a concentration of sulfur in excess of 0.30% (by weight). Every two (2) years thereafter or as the need arises, the specifications of unleaded gasoline and of automotive and industrial diesel fuels shall be reviewed and revised for further improvement in formulation and in accordance with the provisions of this Act. The fuels characterized above shall be commercially available. Likewise, the same shall be the reference fuels for emission and testing procedures to be established in accordance with the provisions of this Act. Any proposed additive shall not in any way increase emissions of any of the regulated gases which shall include, but not limited to carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and oxides of nitrogen and particulate matter, in order to be approved and certified by the Department.

Section 27. Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives. - The DOE, in coordination with the Department and the BPS, shall regulate the use of any fuel or fuel additive. No manufacturer, processor or trader of any fuel or additive may import, sell, offer for sale, or introduce into commerce such fuel for additive unless the same has been registered with the DOE. Prior to registration, the manufacturer, processor or trader shall provide the DOE with the following relevant information: a) Product identity and composition to determine the potential health effects of such fuel additives; b) Description of the analytical technique that can be used to detect and measure the additive in any fuel; c) Recommended range of concentration; and d) Purpose in the use of the fuel and additive. Section 28. Misfueling. - In order to prevent the disabling of any emission control device by lead contamination, no person shall introduce or cause or allow the introduction of leaded gasoline into any motor vehicle equipped with a gasoline tank filler inlet and labeled "unleaded gasoline only". This prohibition shall also apply to any person who knows or should know that such vehicle is designed solely for the use of unleaded gasoline. Section 29. Prohibition on Manufacture, Import and Sale of leaded Gasoline and of Engines and/or Components Requiring Leaded Gasoline. - Effective not later than eighteen (18) months after the enactment of this Act, no person shall manufacture, import, sell, offer for sale, introduce into commerce, convey or otherwise dispose of, in any manner, leaded gasoline and engines and components requiring the use of leaded gasoline. For existing vehicles, the DTI shall formulate standards and procedures that will allow non-conforming engines to comply with the use of unleaded fuel within five(5) years after the effectivity of this Act. Article Two Other Pollutants Section 30. Ozone-Depleting Substances. - Consistent with the terms and conditions of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and other international agreements and protocols to which the Philippines is a signatory, the Department shall phase out ozone-depleting substances. Within sixty (60) days after the enactment of this Act, the Department shall publish a list of substances which are known to cause harmful effects on the stratospheric ozone layer.

Section 31. Greenhouse Gases. - The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Service Administration (PAGASA) shall regularly monitor meteorological factors affecting environmental conditions including ozone depletion and greenhouse gases and coordinate with the Department in order to effectively guide air pollution monitoring and standard-setting activities. The Department, together with concerned agencies and local government units, shall prepare and fully implement a national plan consistent with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and other international agreements, conventions and protocols on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the country. Section 32. Persistent Organic Pollutants. - The Department shall, within a period of two (2) years after the enactment of this Act, establish an inventory list of all sources of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in the country. The Department shall develop short-term and long-term national government programs on the reduction and elimination of POPs such as dioxins and furans. Such programs shall be formulated within a year after the establishment of the inventory list. Section 33. Radioactive Emissions. - All projects which will involve the use of atomic and/or nuclear energy, and will entail release and emission of radioactive substances into the environment, incident to the establishment or possession of nuclear energy facilities and radioactive materials, handling, transport, production, storage, and use of radioactive materials, shall be regulated in the interest of public health and welfare by the Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI), in coordination with Department and other appropriate government agencies. Chapter 4 Institutional Mechanism Section 34. Lead Agency. Section 35. Linkage Mechanism. Section 36. Role of Local Government Units. - Local Government Units (LGUs) shall share the responsibility in the management and maintenance of air quality within their territorial jurisdiction. Consistent with Sections 7, 8 and 9 of this Act, LGUs shall implement air quality standards set by the Board in areas within their jurisdiction;Provided, however, That in case where the board has not been duly constituted and has not promulgated its standards, the standards set forth in this Act shall apply.

The Department shall provide the LGUs with technical assistance, trainings and a continuing capability-building program to prepare them to undertake full administration of the air quality management and regulation within their territorial jurisdiction. Section 37. Environmental and Natural Resources Office. - There may be established an Environment and Natural Resources Office in every province, city, or municipality which shall be headed by the environment and natural resources officer and shall be appointed by the Chief Executive of every province, city or municipality in accordance with the provisions of Section 484 of Republic Act No. 7160. Its powers and duties, among others, are: a) To prepare comprehensive air quality management programs, plans and strategies within the limits set forth in Republic act. No. 7160 and this Act which shall be implemented within its territorial jurisdiction upon the approval of the sanggunian; b) To provide technical assistance and support to the governor or mayor, as the case may be, in carrying out measures to ensure the delivery of basic services and the provision of adequate facilities relative to air quality; c) To take the lead in all efforts concerning air quality protection and rehabilitation; d) To recommend to the Board air quality standards which shall not exceed the maximum permissible standards set by rational laws; e) To coordinate with other government agencies and nongovernmental organizations in the implementation of measures to prevent and control air pollution; and f) Exercise such other powers and perform such duties and functions as may be prescribed by law or ordinance: Provided, however, That in provinces/cities/municipalities where there are no environment and natural resources officers, the local executive concerned may designate any of his official and/or chief of office preferably the provincial, city or municipal agriculturist, or any of his employee: Provided, Finally, That in case an employee is designated as such, he must have sufficient experience in environmental and natural resources management, conservation and utilization. Section 38. Record-keeping, Inspection, Monitoring and Entry by the Department. Section 39. Public Education and Information Campaign. -

Chapter 5 Actions Section 40. Administrative Action. - Without prejudice to the right of any affected person to file an administrative action, the Department shall, on its own instance or upon verified complaint by any person, institute administrative proceedings against any person who violates: (a) Standards or limitation provided under this Act; or (b) Any order, rule or regulation issued by the Department with respect to such standard or limitation. Section 41. Citizen Suits. - For purposes of enforcing the provisions of this Act or its implementing rules and regulations, any citizen may file an appropriate civil, criminal or administrative action in the proper courts against: (a) Any person who violates or fails to comply with the provisions of this Act or its implementing rules and regulations; or (b) The Department or other implementing agencies with respect to orders, rules and regulations issued inconsistent with this Act; and/or (c) Any public officer who willfully or grossly neglects the performance of an act specifically enjoined as a duty by this Act or its implementing rules and regulations; or abuses his authority in the performance of his duty; or, in any manner, improperly performs his duties under this Act or its implementing rules and regulations: Provided, however, That no suit can be filed until thirtyday (30) notice has been taken thereon. The court shall exempt such action from the payment of filing fees, except fees for actions not capable of pecuniary estimations, and shall likewise, upon prima facie showing of the non-enforcement or violation complained of, exempt the plaintiff from the filing of an injunction bond for the issuance of a preliminary injunction. Within thirty (30) days, the court shall make a determination if the compliant herein is malicious and/or baseless and shall accordingly dismiss the action and award attorney's fees and damages. Section 42. Independence of Action. - The filing of an administrative suit against such person/entity does not preclude the right of any other person to file any criminal or civil action. Such civil action shall proceed independently. Section 43. Suits and Strategic Legal Actions Against Public Participation and the Enforcement of This Act. - Where a suit is brought against a person

who filed an action as provided in Sec. 41 of this Act, or against any person, institution or government agency that implements this Act, it shall be the duty of the investigating prosecutor or the court, as the case may be, to immediately make a determination not exceeding thirty (30) days whether said legal action has been filed to harass, vex, exert undue pressure or stifle such legal recourses of the person complaining of or enforcing the provisions of this Act. Upon determination thereof, evidence warranting the same, the court shall dismiss the case and award attorney's fees and double damages. This provision shall also apply and benefit public officers who are sued for acts committed in their official capacity, their being no grave abuse of authority, and done in the course of enforcing this Act. Section 44. Lien Upon Personal and Immovable Properties of Violators. Fines and penalties imposed pursuant to this Act shall be liens upon personal or immovable properties of the violator. Such lien shall, in case of insolvency of the respondent violator, enjoy preference to laborer's wages under Articles 2241 and 2242 of Republic Act No. 386, otherwise known as the New Civil Code of the Philippines. Chapter 6 Fines and Penalties Section 45. Violation of Standards for Stationary Sources. - For actual exceedance of any pollution or air quality standards under this Act or its rules and regulations, the Department, through the Pollution Adjudication Board (PAB), shall impose a fine of not more than One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) for every day of violation against the owner or operator of a stationary source until such time that the standards have been complied with. For purposes of the application of the fines, the PAB shall prepare a fine rating system to adjust the maximum fine based on the violator's ability to pay, degree of willfulness, degree of negligence, history of non-compliance and degree of recalcitrance: Provided, That in case of negligence, the first time offender's ability to pay may likewise be considered by the Pollution Adjudication Board: Provided, Further, That in the absence of any extenuating or aggravating circumstances, the amount of fine for negligence shall be equivalent to one-half of the fine for willful violation. The fines herein prescribed shall be increased by at least ten percent (10%), every three (3) years to compensate for inflation and to maintain the deterrent function of such fines. In addition to the fines, the PAB shall order closure, suspension of development, construction, or operations of the stationary sources until such time that proper environmental safeguards are put in place: Provided, That an establishment liable for a third offense shall suffer permanent closure immediately. This paragraph shall be without prejudice to the immediate

issuance of an ex parte order for such closure, suspension of development or construction, or cessation of operations during the pendency of the case upon prima facie evidence that their is imminent threat to life, public health, safety or general welfare, or to plant or animal life, or whenever there is an exceedance of the emission standards set by the Department and/or the Board and/or the appropriate LGU. Section 46. Violation of Standards for Motor Vehicles. - No motor vehicle shall be registered with the DOTC unless it meets the emission standards set by the Department as provided in Sec. 21 hereof. Any vehicle suspected of violation of emission standards through visual signs, such as, but not limited to smoke-belching, shall be subjected to an emission test by a duly authorized emission testing center. For this purpose, the DOTC or its authorized testing center shall establish a roadside inspection system. Should it be shown that there was no violation of emission standards, the vehicle shall be immediately released. Otherwise, a testing result indicating an exceedance of the emission standards would warrant the continuing custody of the impounded vehicle unless the appropriate penalties are fully paid, and the license plate is surrendered to the DOTC pending the fulfillment of the undertaking by the owner/operator of the motor vehicle to make the necessary repairs so as to comply with the standards. A pass shall herein be issued by the DOTC to authorize the use of the motor vehicle within a specified period that shall not exceed seven (7) days for the sole purpose of making the necessary repairs on the said vehicle. The owner/operator of the vehicle shall be required to correct its defects and show proof of compliance to the appropriate pollution control office before the vehicle can be allowed to be driven on any public or subdivision roads. In addition, the driver and operator of the apprehended vehicle shall undergo a seminar on pollution control management conducted by the DOTC and shall also suffer the following penalties: a) First Offense - a fine not to exceed Two Thousand Pesos (P2,000.00); b) Second Offense - a fine not less than Two Thousand Pesos (P2,000.00) and not to exceed Four Thousand Pesos (P4,000.00); and c) Third offense - one (1) year suspension of the Motor Vehicle Registration (MVR) and a fine of not less than Four Thousand Pesos (P4,000.00) and not more than Six thousand pesos (P6,000.00). Any violation of the provisions of Sec. 21 paragraph (d) with regard to national inspection and maintenance program, including technicians and facility compliance shall penalized with a fine of not less than Thirty Thousand Pesos (P30,000.00) or cancellation of license of both the technician and the center, or both, as determined by the DTI.

All law enforcement officials and deputized agents accredited to conduct vehicle emissions testing and apprehensions shall undergo a mandatory training on emission standards and regulations. For this purpose, the Department, together with the DOTC, DTI, DOST, Philippine National Police (PNP) and other concerned agencies and private entities shall design a training program. Section 47. Fines and Penalties for Violations of Other Provisions in the Act. Section 48. Gross Violations. - In case of gross violation of this Act or its implementing rules and regulations, the PAB shall recommend to the proper government agencies to file the appropriate criminal charges against the violators. The PAB shall assist the public prosecutor in the litigation of the case. Gross violation shall mean: (a) three (3) or more specific offenses within a period of one (1) year; (b) three (3) or more specific offenses with three (3) consecutive years; (c) blatant disregard of the orders of the PAB, such s but not limited to the breaking of seal, padlocks and other similar devices, or operation despite the existence of an order for closure, discontinuance or cessation of operation; and (d) irreparable or grave damage to the environment as a consequence of any violation of the provisions of this Act. Offenders shall be punished with imprisonment of not less than six (6) years but not more than ten (10) years at the discretion of the court. If the offender is a juridical person, the president, manager, directors, trustees, the pollution control officer or the officials directly in charge of the operations shall suffer the penalty herein provided. Chapter 7 Final Provisions Section 49. Potential Loss or Shifts of Employment. Section 50. Appropriations. Section 51. Implementing Rules and Regulations. Section 52. Report to Congress. Section 53. Joint Congressional Oversight Committee. Section 54. Separability of Provisions. Section 55. Repealing Clause. Section 56. Effectivity. Approved, June 23, 1999.

PROCEDURAL MANUAL FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT SYSTEM DENR basic policy - to attain balance between socio-economic growth and environmental protection through sustainable use, development, management, renewal and conservation of natural resources (for present and future generations) Objectives: 1- ensure environmental considerations at earliest stage of project development; 2- streamline procedures in EIA to improve its effectiveness as planning, regulatory and management tool; 3- enhance maximum public participation to validate social acceptability Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) a. Scope and delineation of the project or program and sites; b. Pre-operational and construction activities c. Implementation of Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan; d. Multi-sectoral monitoring of ECC general conditionalities; e. Discharge permits f. MOA for MMT and EMF g. Financial liability/responsibility where warranted by public risk h. Relocation plan, including compensation packages i. construction of infrastructure facilities; j. use of economic incentives, pollution management appraisals and compliance audits necessary Features 1- Scoping : Proponent, DENR and stakeholders define issues, actions, alternatives and impacts included in EIS; Scoping defining the range of issues, actions, alternatives and impacts that should be included in the EIS; 2- Environmental Impact Statements (EIS) and Initial Environmental Examinations (IEEs) Projects within ECAs, submit IEE to regional office ECP Projects, required to submit EIS with EMB -EIS- for Critical Projects -IEES for projects that are located within an Environmental Critical Area (ECA); EIA and EIS to include chapter on socio-economic impact assessment on indigenous cultural communities and on women 1- Timetable for review of EIS/IEE 4- Accreditation of preparers Accreditation of Preparers- to prevent graft, professional individuals or groups who do EIA (called EIS/IEE preparers) will be accredited by DENR and only their EIA or IEE will be accepted for review. DENR personnel will not be allowed to be EIA/IEE preparers (since DENR

regulates and oversees EIS system. They would violate Anti-graft law) 5- Accountability of proponents and preparers (accountability statements to be attached) Accountability Statement of Proponent and EIS Preparers (binding themselves jointly and solidarily liable for misrepresentation or failure to state material info in the EIS or IEES) Public Participation and social acceptability (special focus given for impacts on women, indigenous people and population issues) Public Participation and Social Acceptability give importance to meaningful public participation and transparency of the EIS process as gauge to fully determine the acceptability of the proposed project. (Sec. 3, 1.3; 1.39) Environmental Monitoring (EMF) and Guarantee (EDF) Funds EMF- used to monitor operation of project EGF used to rehabilitate and compensate for damages; may include research work, environmental education, social equity programs, etc. Environmental Monitoring and Guarantee Fund used primarily to monitor the operation of the project after ECC issuance. It will also be used for rehabilitation and compensation for damage caused by the projects that pose significant public risk; Review cost- proponent to shoulder additional review cost Review Cost to provide EMB with resources to implement the project review process, payment is required to shoulder the additional review cost. Notes: a. Programmatic compliance (DAO 5, s 2000, Art. II, Sec. 1.0, 2.1.2 b. Protected Areas (DAO 5, s 2000 Art. III, Sec. 1, 3.1.3 c. Public Information (DAO 5, s 2000 Art. V, Sec.1.0) (DAO 5 , S 2000 , Art III, Sec. 4, 3.4.4 Procedure: Determine if activity is a `project' (by EMB or RO); Criteria used to determine if activity is `project' or `undertaking': A. location criteria- (conforms with land use plan) B. technology criteria- (technology that will not use toxic/hazardous materials; will not produce wastes) C. size criteria (not more than 1,000 sq.m; or one hectare or 3-storey building) D. emission and effluent criteria (must conform with emission and effluent stds) E. community acceptable criteria (no serious complaints) F. Nature of activity (shall not pose environmental impact Activity that passes all criteria is outside EIS system and issued Certificate of Non-Coverage)

Activity that does not satisfy any of the criteria, considered `Projects' or `Undertakings' If project, determine whether it is ECP or located within an ECA ECP [Environmentally Critical Project] Proponent shall submit EIS to EMB which is basis for review and issuance/denial of ECC ECA [Environmentally Critical Area] Projects within ECAs are required to submit IEE to Environmental Management and Protected Areas Sector (EMPAS) of the Regional Office. IEE- document describing the environmental impact of, and mitigation and enhancement measures for, projects or undertakings located in an ECA. EIS documents studies of environmental impacts of a project; includes discussion on direct/indirect consequences upon human welfare and ecological/environmental integrity. Includes appropriate mitigating and enhancement measures. EIS may be required instead of IEE under certain circumstances: -Environmental impacts not adequately addressed by proposed mitigation and enhancement measures; I. Strong public opposition or low social acceptability II. High risk to public safety, welfare and health III. Use of highly pollutive substances IV. Production of toxic or hazardous wastes V. Significant socio-cultural impacts Projects requiring EIS instead of IEE: VI. Heavy industries VII. Transport of oil, gas VIII. Petrochemical or oil depots IX. Infrastructure projects X. Major ports and harbors XI. Reclamation projects XII. Waste management projects XIII. Major flood control projects XIV. Industrial estates, large commercial buildings and real estate protects Environmentally Critical Projects [ECP] project that has high potential for significant impact and is listed under Proc. 2146 and Proc.803, s 1996 i. Heavy Industries ii. Resource Extractive Industries 1. major mining and quarrying 2. forestry projects 3. fishery projects -iii. Infrastructure projects -iv. Golf course projects Environmentally Critical Areas (ECA)- (see Proc. 2146 and Proc. 803, s. 1996) i. national parks, watersheds, wildlife preserves and sanctuaries; ii. Areas set aside as aesthetic potential tourist spots; - iii. Habitat for any endangered or threatened species of indigenous Phil. wildlife - iv. Unique historic, archaeological or scientific interest

 v. indigenous cultural communities vi. Areas frequently visited by natural calamities (geological hazards, floods, typhoons, tsunami, earthquakes, fault lines, volcanic activity, drought-prone) vii. Areas with critical slopes (50% slope) viii. Areas classified as prime agricultural lands ix. Recharged areas of aquifers x. water bodies, For domestic purposes Within controlled or protected areas Which support wildlife and fishery activities Xi. Mangrove areas - xii. Coral reefs SCOPING. Scoping is first and most critical step in the EIS process. Most of key issues/concerns are identified, discussed, clarified and agreed upon Assess social acceptability of project Address issues on capacity of environment Identify legal constraints Public participation is important in scoping Participation: XV. Identifies valid concerns XVI. Focus planning on valid concerns XVII. Provides alternatives for planning XVIII. Provides further sources of expertise XIX. Reduces misinformation/distrust XX. Defines methods for conflict resolution XXI. Improves decision making XXII. Promotes social acceptability Phases of scoping: Pre-scoping Formal Scoping Post-scoping Scoping shall determine whether project requires an environmental risk assessment (ERA) Environmental Risk Assessment ERA is process of analyzing and describing risks associated with project to ecosystems, human health and welfare. ERA deals with further analysis of hazards identified in EIA. Criteria to determine risks: 1) presence of materials/chemicals that are toxic, flammable, explosive and hazardous ; 2)structures that could endanger life, property or environment Environmental Compliance Certificate Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) document issued by DENR Sec or the Regional Executive Director

Certifies that project will not cause a significant negative environmental impact; that proponent has complied with EIS system; that proponent is committed to implement its approved Environmental Management Plan in the EIS or mitigation measures in the IEE. Compliance Monitoring Multi-partite monitoring team (MMT) to be formed after issuance of ECC MMT principally tasked to monitor compliance with ECC, the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and laws, rules Environmental Monitoring Fund (EMF) shall constitute the initial monitoring fund Environmental Guarantee Fund Environmental Guarantee Fund (EGF), established for projects that pose significant public risk or where project requires rehabilitation EGF has two components: A) Trust Fund B) Environmental Guarantee Cash Fund Purposes of EGF XXIII. Immediate rehabilitation of areas damaged XXIV. Just compensation of parties and communities XXV. Conduct of studies that will aid in prevention or rehabilitation of accidents and/or environmental damage DENR may presume significant public risk under following conditions: A) presence of toxic chemicals and hazardous wastes B) extraction of natural resources that requires rehabilitation or restoration C) presence of structures that could endanger life, property and the environment in case of failure; or D) presence of processes that may cause pollution.

PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 979 August 18, 1976 PROVIDING FOR THE REVISION OF PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 600 GOVERNING MARINE POLLUTION WHEREAS, the marine environment and the living organisms, which it supports are of vital importance to humanity, and all people have an interest in assuring that it is managed and protected, and its quality is not impaired; WHEREAS, recognizing that the capacity of the sea to assimilate wastes and render them harmless, and its ability to regenerate natural resources is limited; WHEREAS, knowing that marine pollution originates from many sources, such as dumping and discharging through the rivers, estuaries, brooks or springs; WHEREAS, it is our responsibility to control public and private activities that cause damage to the marine environment by using the best practicable means and by developing improved disposal processes to minimize harmful wastes; WHEREAS, there is an urgent need to prevent, mitigate or eliminate the increasing damages to marine resources as a result of pollution; NOW, THEREFORE, I, FERDINAND E. MARCOS, President of the Republic of the Philippines, by virtue of the powers vested in me by the Constitution, do hereby decree and order the following: Section 2. Statement of Policy. It is hereby declared a national policy to prevent and control the pollution of seas by the dumping of wastes and other matter which create hazards to human health, harm living resources and marine life, damage amenities, or interfere with the legitimate uses of the sea within the territorial jurisdiction of the Philippines. Section 3. Definition of Terms. For the purposes of this Decree: (a) "Discharge" includes, but is not limited to, any spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying or dumping but does not include discharge of effluents from industrial or manufacturing establishments, or mill of any kind. (b) "Dumping" means any deliberate disposal at sea and into navigable waters of wastes or other matter from vessels, aircraft, platforms or other man-made structures at sea, including the disposal of wastes or other matter directly arising from or related to the exploration, exploitation and associated off-shore processing of sea bed mineral resources unless the same is permitted and/or regulated under this decree: Provided, That it does not mean a disposition of any effluent from any outfall structure to the extent that such

disposition is regulated under the provisions of Republic Act Numbered Three Thousand Nine Hundred Thirty-One, nor does it mean a routine discharge of effluent or other matter incidental to the propulsion of, or derived from the normal operations of vessels, aircraft, platforms or other man-made structures at sea and their equipment. Section 4. Prohibited Acts. Except in cases of emergency imperiling life or property, or unavoidable accident, collision, or stranding or in any cases which constitute danger to human life or property or a real threat to vessels, aircraft, platforms, or other man-made structure, or if damping appears to be the only way of averting the threat and if there is probability that the damage consequent upon such dumping will be lees than would otherwise occur, and except as otherwise permitted by regulations prescribed by the National Pollution Control Commission or the Philippine Coast Guard, it shall be unlawful for any person to (a) discharge, dump or suffer, permit the discharge of oil, noxious gaseous and liquid substances and other harmful substances from or out of any ship, vessel, barge, or any other floating craft, or other manmade structures at sea, by any method, means or manner, into or upon the territorial and inland navigable waters of the Philippines; (b) throw, discharge or deposit, dump, or cause suffer or procure to be thrown, discharged, or deposited either from or out of any ship, barge, or other floating craft of vessel of any kind, or from the shore, wharf, manufacturing establishment, or mill of any kind, any refuse matter of any kind or description whatever other than that flowing from streets and sewers and passing therefrom in a liquid state into tributary of any navigable water from which the same shall float or be washed into such navigable water; and (c) deposit or cause, suffer or procure to be deposited material of any kind in any place on the bank of any navigable water or on the bank of any tributary of any navigable water, where the same shall be liable to be washed into such navigable water, either by ordinary or high tides, or by storms or floods, or otherwise, whereby navigation shall or may be impeded or obstructed or increased the level of pollution of such water. Section 7. Penalties for Violations. Any person who violates Section 4 of this Decree or any regulations prescribed in pursuance thereof, shall be liable for a fine of not less than Two Hundred Pesos nor more than Ten Thousand Pesos or by imprisonment of not less than thirty days nor more than one year or both such fine and imprisonment, for each offense, without prejudice to the civil liability of the offender in accordance with existing laws. Any vessel from which oil or other harmful substances are discharged in violation of Section 4 or any regulation prescribed in pursuance thereof, shall

be liable for the penalty of fine specified in this section, and clearance of such vessel from the port of the Philippines may be withheld until the fine is paid. In addition to the penalties above-prescribed, the Philippine Coast Guard shall provide in its rules and regulations such reasonable administrative penalties as may be necessary for the effective implementation of this decree.

Republic Act No. 9483

June 02, 2007

(g) "Contributing Oil" means crude Oil and fuel Oil as herein defined: (1) "Crude Oil" means any liquid hydrocarbon mixture occurring naturally in the earth whether or not treated to render it suitable for transportation. It also includes crude Oils from which certain distillate fractions have been removed (which sometimes referred to as "topped crudes") or to which certain distillate fractions have been added (sometimes referred to as "spiked" or "reconstituted" crudes); and (2) "Fuel Oil" means heavy distillates or residues from crude Oil or blends of such materials intended for use as fuel for the production of heat or power of a quality equivalent to the "American Society for Testing and Materials Specification for Number Four Fuel Oil (Designation D 396-69)" or heavier; (h) "Incident" means any occurrence or series of occurrences having the same origin which causes Pollution Damage or creates a grave and imminent threat of causing such damage: Provided That a series of occurrences shall be treated as having occurred on the date of the first such occurrence; (i) "Oil" means any persistent hydrocarbon mineral Oil such as crude Oil, fuel Oil, heavy diesel Oil and lubricating Oil, whether carried on board a Ship as cargo or in bunkers of such a Ship; (j) "Owner" means the person registered as the Owner of the Ship or, in the absence of registration, the person or persons owning the Ship. However, in case of a Ship owned by a State and operated by a company which in that State is registered as the Ships operator, "Owner" shall mean such company; (k) "Person" means any individual or partnership or any public or private body, whether corporate or not, including a State or Government or its constituent subdivisions; (l) "Pollution Damage" means: (1) Loss or damage caused outside the Ship by contamination resulting from the escape or discharge of Oil from the Ship, wherever such escape or discharge may occur: Provided, That compensation for impairment of the environment other than loss of profit from such impairment shall be limited to costs of reasonable measures of reinstatement actually undertaken or to be undertaken; and

AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROVISIONS OF THE 1992 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTI0N ON CIVIL LIABILITY FOR OIL POLLUTION DAMAGE AND THE 1992 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF AN INTERNATIONAL FUND FOR COMPENSATION FOR OIL POLLUTION DAMAGE, PROVIDING PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS THEREOF, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES Be it enacted by the Senate and the House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled: CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS SECTION 1. Short Title. - This Act shall be known as the "Oil Pollution Compensation Act of 2007". SEC. 2. Declaration of Policy. - The State, in the protection of its marine wealth in its archipelagic waters, territorial sea and exclusive economic zone, adopts internationally accepted measures which impose strict liability for Oil Pollution Damage and ensure prompt and adequate compensation for persons who suffer such damage. This Act adopts and implements the provisions of the 1992 International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage and the 1992 International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage. SEC. 3. Definition of Terms. - For the purpose of this Act: (a) "1992 Civil Liability Convention" means the 1992 International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage; (b) "1992 Fund Convention" means the 1992 International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage; (c) "MARINA" means Maritime Industry Authority; (d) "PCG means Philippine Coast Guard; (e) "PPA" means Philippine Ports Authority; (f) "Affiliate Corporation" means a corporation that is owned or subject to common corporate control by another corporation and operated as part of the latters business;

(2) The costs of preventive measures and further loss or damage caused by preventive measure; (m) "Preventive Measures" means any reasonable measures taken by any person after an Incident has occurred to prevent or minimize Pollution Damage; (n) "Ship" means any sea-going vessel and sea-home craft of any type whatsoever constructed or adapted for the carriage of Oil in bulk as cargo: Provided That a Ship capable of carrying Oil and other cargoes shall be regarded as a Ship only when it is actually carrying Oil in bulk as cargo and during any voyage following such carriage unless it is proved that it has no residues of such carriage of Oil in bulk aboard; (o) "State of the Ships registry" means in relation to registered Ships, the State of registration of the Ship and in relation to unregistered Ships, the State whose flag the Ship is flying; and (p) "Subsidiary Corporation" means a corporation in which control, in the form of ownership of majority shares, is in another corporation, called the parent corporation. SEC. 4. Incorporation of the 1992 Civil Liability Convention and 1992 Fund Convention. - Subject to the provisions of this Act, the 1992 Civil Liability Convention and 1992 Fund Convention and their subsequent amendments shall form part of the law of the Republic of the Philippines. SEC. 5 Scope of Application. - This law shall apply exclusively to Pollution Damage caused in Philippine territory, including its territorial sea and its exclusive economic zone, and to preventive measures, wherever taken, to prevent or minimize such damage. CHAPTER II STRICT LIABILITY FOR OIL POLLUTION DAMAGE SEC. 6. Liability on Pollution Damage. - The Owner of the Ship at the time of an Incident, or where the Incident consists of a series of occurrences, at the time of the first such occurrence, shall be liable for any Pollution Damage caused by the Ship as a result of the Incident. Such damages shall include, but not limited to: (a) Reasonable expenses actually incurred in clean-up operations at sea or on shore; (b) Reasonable expenses of Preventive Measures and further loss or damage caused by preventive measures;

(c) Consequential loss or loss of earnings suffered by Owners or users of property contaminated or damaged as a direct result of an Incident; (d) Pure economic loss or loss of earnings sustained by persons although the property contaminated or damaged as a direct result of an Incident does not belong to them; (e) Damage to human health or loss of life as a direct result of the Incident, including expenses for rehabilitation and recuperation: Provided, That costs of studies or diagnoses to determine the long-term damage shall also be included; and (f) Environmental damages and other reasonable measures of environmental restoration. SEC. 7. Exempting Circumstances. - No liability as stated in the immediately preceding section shall attach to the Owner or his insurer if he proves that the damage: (a) Resulted from an act of war, hostilities, civil war, insurrection or a natural phenomenon of an exceptional, inevitable and irresistible character; (b) Was wholly caused by an act or omission done with intent to cause damage by third party; and (c) Was wholly caused by the negligence or other wrongful act of the government or other enforcement agencies responsible for the maintenance of lights or other navigational aids in the exercise of that function. If the Owner proves that the Pollution Damage resulted wholly or partially either from an act or omission done with intent to cause damage by the person who suffered the damage or from the negligence of that person, the Owner may be exonerated wholly or partially from his liability to such person. SEC. 8. Persons Exempted from Claims for Compensation for Pollution Damage. - No claim for compensation Pollution Damage under this Act may be made against: (a) The servants or agents of the Owner or the members of the crew; (b) The pilot or any other person who, without being a member of the crew, performs services for the Ship; (c) Any charterer, howsoever described, including a bareboat charterer, manager or operator of the Ship;

(d) Any person performing salvage operations with the consent of the Owner or on the instructions of a competent public authority; (e) Any person taking Preventive Measures; and (f) All servants or agents of persons mentioned in paragraphs (c), (d) and (e) hereof, unless the damage resulted from their personal act or omission, committed with the intent to cause such damage, or committed recklessly and with knowledge that such damage would probably result: Provided, That nothing in this Act shall prejudice any right of recourse of the Owner against third parties. SEC. 9. Joint and Several Liability. - When an Incident involving two or more Ships occurs and Pollution Damage results therefrom, the Owners of all the Ships concerned, unless exonerated under Section 7 hereof, shall be jointly and severally liable for all such damage which is not reasonably separable, without prejudice, however, to the right of recourse of any of such Owners to proceed against each other or third parties. CHAPTER III SYSTEM OF LIMITATION OF LIABILITY SEC. 10. Limitation of Liability. - The Owner shall be entitled to limit his liability under this Act with respect to a particular Incident to a total amount calculated as follows: (a) Three million (3,000,000) units of account for a Ship not exceeding five thousand (5,000) units of tonnage; (b) For a Ship with a tonnage in excess thereof, for each unit of tonnage, four hundred twenty (420) units of account for each unit in addition to the amount mentioned in paragraph (a): Provided, however, That this aggregate amount shall not, in any event, exceeds 59.7 million units of account: Provided, further, That the limit of liability of the Owner as aforementioned shall be subject to adjustment according to subsequent amendments to the 1992 Civil Liability Convention. The limited liability, under this Section may not be availed of by the Owner if it has been established that such Pollution Damage resulted from his personal act or omission, committed with intent to cause such damage, or committed recklessly and with knowledge that such damage would probably result. The "unit of account" referred to in this Section is the Special Drawing Right (SDR) as defined by the International Monetary Fund as set forth in the 1992

Civil Liability Convention. The said amount shall be converted into national currency on the basis of the value of the currency by reference to the SDR on the date that the fund is constituted under Section 11 of this Act. The SDR is an international reserve asset, created by the IMF in 1969 to supplement the existing official reserves of member countries. SDRs are allocated to member countries in proportion to their IMF quotas. The SDR also serves as the unit of account of the IMF and some other international organizations. Its value is based on a basket of key international currencies. SEC. 11. Constitution of a fund. - For the purpose of availing himself of the benefit of limitation provided for under Section 10 of this Act following the occurrence of a particular Incident, the Owner shall be required to constitute a fund for the total sum representing the limit of his liability with the Maritime Industry Authority (MARINA) to cover Incidents causing Pollution Damage: Provided That any claim for compensation from Pollution Damage shall be brought directly to the Regional Trial Courts (RTC). The fund can be constituted by depositing the sum or by producing a bank guarantee or other financial guarantee acceptable under existing laws and considered to be adequate by the Department of Transportation and Communications (DOTC). CHAPTER IV SYSTEM OF COMPULSORY INSURANCE AND CERTIFICATION SEC. 12. Maintenance of Compulsory Insurance or Other Financial Security. - AU Owners shall be required annually by the MARINA to maintain insurance or other financial security for Pollution Damage in the sums fixed by applying the limits of liability under Section 10 of this Act. SEC. 13. Issuance of a Certificate. - A certificate attesting that an insurance or any other financial security is in force in accordance with the provisions of this Act shall be issued to each Ship carrying more than two thousand (2,000) tons of Oil in bulk as cargo by the MARINA. With respect to a Ship not registered in a convention-member State, such certificate may be issued or certified by the MARINA. This certificate shall be in the form established by the 1992 Civil Liability Convention and shall contain the following particulars: (a) Name of Ship and port of registration; (b) Name and principal place of business of the Owner; (c) Type of security;

(d) Name and principal place of business of the insurer or other person giving security and, where appropriate, place of business where the insurance or security is established; and (e) Validity period of the certificate which shall not be longer than the period of validity of the insurance or other financial security. SEC. 14. Enforcement. - Ship carrying more than two thousand (2,000) tons of Oil in bulk as cargo shall not be allowed entry into Philippine territory or its exclusive economic zone without a valid certificate of insurance or financial security for Pollution Damage required by this Act. For this purpose, the PPA or any other port authorities shall deny port services to said Ship without such certificate. If any such Ship is found within the said territory or zone without such certificate, said Ship shall be prevented from loading or unloading its cargo until it is able to produce the appropriate insurance or financial security duly certified by the State of its registry if such country is a convention- member State, otherwise, issued or certified by the MARINA or any convention-member State. The Owner and master of the Ship referred to in the immediately preceding paragraph shall be jointly and severally liable to the fines set forth in this Act. Such Ship shall be prevented from leaving unless the appropriate fines shall have been paid to the full satisfaction of the MARINA. The PCG shall conduct inspections of certificates of Ships entering the territory of the Philippines, or, in the case of Ships registered in the Philippines voyaging within the said territory: Provided That such inspections shall not cause undue delay to the Ships. CHAPTER V CONTRIBUTION TO THE INTERNATIONAL OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND SEC. 15. Contributions to the International Oil Pollution Compensation (IOPC) Fund. - Any person who has received more than one hundred fifty thousand (150,000) tons of contributing Oil in a calendar year in all ports or terminal installations in the Philippines through carriage by sea, shall pay contributions to the International Oil Pollution Compensation (IOPC) Fund in accordance with the provisions of the 1992 Fund Convention. A person shall be deemed to have received contributing Oil, for contribution purposes, if he received the same:

(a) From another country; or (b) From another port or terminal installation within the Philippines, notwithstanding that it had already been previously received by him. Where the quantity of contributing Oil received by any person in the Philippines in a calendar year, when aggregated with the quantity of contributing Oil received in the Philippines in that year by its subsidiary or affiliate corporation, exceeds one hundred fifty thousand (150,000) tons, said person, including its subsidiaries, shall pay contributions in respect of the actual quantity received by each, notwithstanding that the actual quantity received by each did not exceed one hundred f a y thousand (150,000) tons. SEC. 16. Reporting of Contributing Oil. - Any person who, in a calendar year, has received in the territory of the Philippines contributing Oil, as defined in this Act, shall, not later than February 1 of the following year, report to the Department of Energy (DOE) the quantity of such Oil received. The DOE, through the Department of Foreign Affairs, shall communicate the data at a time and in the manner prescribed by the 1992 Fund Convention. CHAPTER VI ACTION FOR COMPENSATION SEC. 17. Action for Compensation. - An action for compensation on account of Pollution Damage resulting from the Incident which occurred in the territory may be brought before the RTC against the following persons: (a) Owner of the polluting Ship; or (b) Insurer or other person providing financial security of the said Owners liability for pollution. For this purpose, foreign corporation, partnership, association or individual, whether or not licensed to transact business in the Philippines by any appropriate government agencies, providing such insurance or financial security for Pollution Damage shall be considered transacting or doing business in the Philippines and shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the regular judicial courts of the country. Such action shall be filed within three years of the date on which the damage occurred, but not later than six years of the date of the Incident. The PCG shall investigate, motu proprio or through compensation or violation of this Act, and shall forthwith file appropriate action with the RTC.

It shall likewise provide the complainant necessary technical evidence or any assistance, whether or not testimonial or documentary, insofar as the claim for compensation or violation of this Act is concerned. Filing of the action under this section shall only require payment of filing fees equivalent to ten percentum (10%) of the regular rates established therefore by the Supreme Court of the Philippines. However, indigent plaintiff shall be exempt from payment of docket and other lawful fees, and of transcripts of stenographic notes which the court may order to be furnished him. The amount of the docket and other lawful fees which the indigent was exempted from paying shall be a lien on any judgment rendered in the case favorable to the indigent, unless the court otherwise provides. SEC. 18. Adjudication or Settlement of Claims. - The RTC shall decide claims for compensation or certify the compromise agreement by the parties within a reasonable period. Where compensation was not obtained or satisfied under the 1992 Civil Liability Convention, the claimant may seek compensation under the 1992 Fund Convention. The RTC shall furnish the IOPC Fund with its certified decision, together with pertinent documents, on a claim for Pollution Damages. Where the fund under the 1992 Civil Liability Convention is insufficient to satisfy the claims of those who are entitled to compensation, the amount of compensation of each claimant shall be distributed pro rata. SEC. 19. Intervention by the IOPC Fund - The IOPC Fund may intervene as a party to any legal proceedings instituted against the Owner of a Ship or his guarantor under Article IX of the 1992 Civil Liability Convention. CHAPTER VII PENALTY PROVISIONS SEC. 20. Violation of the Act. - The following acts shall be considered violations of the Act and the persons responsible shall suffer the corresponding fines: (a) Any person who fails to institute or maintain insurance or other financial security required under Section 12 of this Act; (1) Ships of 500 gross tons (GRT) and below - not less than One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) but not more than Two hundred-fifty thousand pesos (P250,000.00); (2) Ships of above 500 to 1,000 GRT - not less than Two hundred fifty thousand pesos (P250,000.00) but not more than Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00);

(3) Ships of above 1,000 to 5,000 GRT - not less than Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) but not more than One million pesos (P1,000,000.00); (4) Ships of above 5,000 to 10,000 GRT - not less than One million pesos (P1,000,000.00) but not more than Five million pesos (P5,000,000.00); (5) Ships of above 10,000 to 20,000 GRT - not less than Five million pesos (P5,000,000.00) but not more than Ten million pesos (P10,0000,000.00); and (6) Ships of above 20,000 GRT - not less than Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00) but not more than Fifteen million pesos (P15,000,000.00). (b) The Owner and the master of a Ship who operate a Ship without maintaining on board a certificate of insurance required under Section 13 of this Act: (1) First violation - Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00); (2) Second violation - One million pesos (P1,000,000.00); and (3) Third violation - One million five hundred thousand pesos (P1,500,000.00). (c) Any person required under Section 15 of this Act to contribute to the IOPC Fund but nevertheless fails to comply therewith after due notice by the MARINA (1) First violation - Three million pesos (P3,000,000.00); (2) Second violation - Four million pesos (P4,000,000.00); and (3) Third violation - Five million pesos (P5,000,000.00). (d) Failure to Submit Report of Contributing Oil. - Any person required under Section 16 of this Act to submit report of contributing Oil and notwithstanding l0.day notice thereto, fails to comply therewith:

(1) First violation - Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00); (2) Second violation - One million pesos (P 1,000,000.00); and (3) Third violation - One million five hundred thousand pesos (P1,500,000.00). (e) Any person who shall refuse, obstruct, or hamper the entry of the duly authorized representatives of the Department or any person authorized under this Act aboard any Ship or establishment pursuant to this Act shall be liable to pay a fine not exceeding One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00); and (f) Any Ship apprehended for violation of this Act may be subjected to detention. The fines prescribed in this Section and other sections of this Chapter shall be increased by at least ten percent (10%) every three years to compensate for inflation and to maintain the deterrent function of such fines. SEC. 21. Institutional Mechanism. - The DOTC shall be the lead implementing agency unless otherwise provided in this Act.

PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 1067 December 31, 1976 A DECREE INSTITUTING A WATER CODE, THEREBY REVISING AND CONSOLIDATING THE LAWS GOVERNING THE OWNERSHIP, APPROPRIATION, UTILIZATION, EXPLOITATION, DEVELOPMENT, CONSERVATION AND PROTECTION OF WATER RESOURCES WHEREAS, Article XIV, Section 8 of the New Constitution of the Philippines provides, inter alia, that all waters of the Philippines belong to the State; WHEREAS, existing water legislations are piece-meal and inadequate to cope with increasing scarcity of water and changing patterns of water use; WHEREAS, there is a need for a Water Code based on rational concepts or integrated and multipurpose management of water resources and sufficiently flexible to adequately meet future developments; WHEREAS, water is vital to national development and it has become increasingly necessary for government to intervene actively in improving the management of water resources; NOW, THEREFORE, I, FERDINAND E. MARCOS, President of the Philippines, by virtue of the powers in me vested by the Constitution, do hereby order and decree the enactment of the water Code of the Philippines of 1976, as follows: CHAPTER I DECLARATION OF OBJECTIVES AND PRINCIPLES Article 1. This Code shall be known as The Water Code of the Philippines. Article 2. The objectives of this Code are: (a) To establish the basic principles and framework relating to the appropriation, control and conservation of water resources to achieve the optimum development and rational utilization of these resources; (b) To define the extent of the rights and obligations of water users and owners including the protection and regulation of such rights; (c) To adopt a basic law governing the ownership, appropriation, utilization, exploitation, development, conservation and protection of water resources and rights to land related thereto; and (d) To identify the administrative agencies which will enforce this Code. Article 3. The underlying principles of this code are: (a) All waters belong to the State. (b) All waters that belong to the State can not be the subject to acquisitive prescription.

(c) The State may allow the use or development of waters by administrative concession. (d) The utilization, exploitation, development, conservation and protection of water resources shall be subject to the control and regulation of the government through the National Water Resources Council, hereinafter referred to as the Council. (e) Preference in the use and development of waters shall consider current usages and be responsive to the changing needs of the country. Article 4. Waters, as used in this Code, refers to water under the grounds, water above the ground, water in the atmosphere and the waters of the sea within the territorial jurisdiction of the Philippines. CHAPTER II OWNERSHIP OF WATERS Article 7. Subject to the provisions of this Code, any person who captures or collects water by means of cisterns, tanks, or pools shall have exclusive control over such water and the right to dispose of the same. CHAPTER III APPROPRIATION OF WATERS Article 9. Waters may be appropriated and used in accordance with the provisions of this Code. Appropriation of water, as used in this Code, is the acquisition of rights over the use of waters or the taking or diverting of waters from a natural source in the manner and for any purpose allowed by law. Article 10. Water may be appropriated for the following purposes: (a) Domestic (b) Municipal (c) Irrigation (d) Power generation (e) Fisheries (f) Livestock raising (g) Industrial (h) Recreational, and (i) Other purposes Use of water for domestic purposes is the utilization of water for drinking, washing, bathing, cooking or other household needs, home gardens, and watering of lawns or domestic animals.

Use of water for municipal purposes is the utilization of water for supplying the water requirements of the community. Use of water for irrigation is the utilization of water for producing agricultural crops. Use of water for power generation is the utilization of water for producing electrical or mechanical power. Use of water for fisheries is the utilization of water for the propagation and culture of fish as a commercial enterprise. Use of water for livestock raising is the utilization of water for large herds or flocks of animals raised as a commercial enterprise. Use of water for industrial purposes is the utilization of water in factories, industrial plants and mines, including the use of water as an ingredient of a finished product. Use of water for recreational purposes is the utilization of water for swimming pools, bath houses, boating, water skiing, golf courses and other similar facilities in resorts and other places of recreation. Article 13. Except as otherwise herein provided, no person, including government instrumentalities or government-owned or controlled corporations, shall appropriate water without a water right, which shall be evidenced by a document known as a water permit. Water right is the privilege granted by the government to appropriate and use water. Article 29. Water permits may be revoked after due notice and hearing on grounds of non-use; gross violation of the conditions imposed in the permit; unauthorized sale of water; willful failure or refusal to comply with rules and regulations of any lawful order; pollution, public nuisance or acts detrimental to public health and safety; when the appropriator is found to be disqualified under the law to exploit and develop natural resources of the Philippines; when, in the case, of irrigation, the land is converted to non-agricultural purposes; and other similar grounds. CHAPTER IV UTILIZATION OF WATERS Article 31. Preference in the development of water resources shall consider security of the State, multiple use, beneficial effects, adverse effects and costs of development.

Article 32. The utilization of subterranean or ground water shall be coordinated with that of surface waters such as rivers, streams, springs and lakes, so that a superior right in one not adversely affected by an inferior right in the other. For this purpose the Council shall promulgate rules and regulations and declare the existence of control areas for the coordinated development, protection, and utilization of subterranean or ground water and surface waters. Control area is an area of land where subterranean or ground water and surface water are so interrelated that withdrawal and use in one similarly affects the other. The boundary of a control area may be altered from time to time, as circumstances warrant. Article 35. Works for the storage, diversion, distribution and utilization of water resources shall contain adequate provision for the prevention and control of diseases that may be induced or spread by such works when required by the Council. Article 36. When the reuse of waste water is feasible, it shall be limited as much as possible, to such uses other than direct human consumption. No person or agency shall distribute such water for public consumption until it is demonstrated that such consumption will not adversely affect the health and safety of the public. Article 43. No person shall raise or lower the water level of a river stream, lake, lagoon, or marsh nor drain the same without a permit. Article 44. Drainage systems shall be so constructed that their outlets are rivers, lakes, the sea, natural bodies of water, or such other water course as may be approved by the proper government agency. CHAPTER V CONTROL OF WATERS Article 53. To promote the best interest and the coordinated protection of flood plain lands, the Secretary of Public Works, Transportation and Communications may declare flood control areas and promulgate guidelines for governing flood plain management plans in these areas. Article 54. In declared flood control areas, rules and regulations may be promulgated to prohibit or control activities that may damage or cause deterioration or lakes and dikes, obstruct the flow of water, change the natural flow of the river, increase flood losses or aggravate flood problems.

Article 60. The rafting of logs and other objects on rivers and lakes which are flotable may be controlled or prohibited during designated season of the year with due regard to the needs of irrigation and domestic water supply and other uses of water. Article 61. The impounding of water in ponds or reservoirs may be prohibited by the Council upon consultation with the Department of Health if it is dangerous to public health, or it may order that such pond or reservoir be drained if such is necessary for the protection of public health. Article 63. The operator of a dam for the storage of water may be required to employ an engineer possessing qualifications prescribed for the proper operations, maintenance and administration of the dam. Article 64. The Council shall approve the manner, location, depth, and spacing in which borings for subterranean or ground water may be made, determine the requirements for the registration of every boring or alteration to existing borings as well as other control measures for the exploitation of subterranean or ground water resources, and in coordination with the Professional Regulation Commission prescribe the qualifications of those who would drill such borings. No person shall drill a well without prior permission from the Council.

REPUBLIC ACT 9003 January 26, 2001 AN ACT PROVIDING FOR AN ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM, CREATING THE NECESSARY INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS AND INCENTIVES, DECLARING CERTAIN ACTS PROHIBITED AND PROVIDING PENALTIES, APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representative of the Philippines in Congress assembled: CHAPTER I BASIC POLICIES Article 1 General Provisions Section 1. Short Title - This Act shall be known as the "Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000." Section 2. Declaration of Policies - It is hereby declared the policy of the State to adopt a systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid waste management program which shall: (a) Ensure the protection of the public health and environment; (b) Utilize environmentally-sound methods that maximize the utilization of valuable resources and encourage resource conservation and recovery; (c) Set guidelines and targets for solid waste avoidance and volume reduction through source reduction and waste minimization measures, including composting, recycling, re-use, recovery, green charcoal process, and others, before collection, treatment and disposal in appropriate and environmentally sound solid waste management facilities in accordance with ecologically sustainable development principles; (d) Ensure the proper segregation, collection, transport, storage, treatment and disposal of solid waste through the formulation and adoption of the best environmental practice in ecological waste management excluding incineration; (e) Promote national research and development programs for improved solid waste management and resource conservation techniques, more effective institutional arrangement and indigenous

and improved methods of waste reduction, collection, separation and recovery; (f) Encourage greater private sector participation in solid waste management; (g) Retain primary enforcement and responsibility of solid waste management with local government units while establishing a cooperative effort among the national government, other local government units, non- government organizations, and the private sector; (h) Encourage cooperation and self-regulation among waste generators through the application of market-based instruments; (i) Institutionalize public participation in the development and implementation of national and local integrated, comprehensive, and ecological waste management programs; and (j) Strength the integration of ecological solid waste management and resource conservation and recovery topics into the academic curricula of formal and non-formal education in order to promote environmental awareness and action among the citizenry. Article 2 Definition of Terms Section 3. Definition of Terms - For the purposes of this Act: (a) Agricultural waste shall refer to waste generated from planting or harvesting of crops, trimming or pruning of plants and wastes or runoff materials from farms or fields; (b) Bulky wastes shall refer to waste materials which cannot be appropriately placed in separate containers because of either its bulky size, shape or other physical attributes. These include large worn-out or broken household, commercial, and industrial items such as furniture, lamps, bookcases, filing cabinets, and other similar items; (c) Bureau shall refer to the Environmental Management Bureau; (d) Buy-back center shall refer to a recycling center that purchases of otherwise accepts recyclable materials from the public for the purpose of recycling such materials; (e) Collection shall refer to the act of removing solid waste from the source or from a communal storage point;

(f) Composting shall refer to the controlled decomposition of organic matter by micro-organisms, mainly bacteria and fungi, into a humuslike product; (g) Consumer electronics shall refer to special waste that includes worn-out, broken, and other discarded items such as radios, stereos, and TV sets; (h) Controlled dump shall refer to a disposal site at which solid waste is deposited in accordance with the minimum prescribed standards of site operation; (i) Department shall refer to the Department of Environment and Natural Resources; (j) Disposal shall refer to the discharge, deposit, dumping, spilling, leaking or placing of any solid waste into or in an land; (k) Disposal site shall refer to a site where solid waste is finally discharged and deposited; (l) Ecological solid waste management shall refer to the systematic administration of activities which provide for segregation at source, segregated transportation, storage, transfer, processing, treatment, and disposal of solid waste and all other waste management activities which do not harm the environment; (m) Environmentally acceptable shall refer to the quality of being reusable, biodegradable or compostable, recyclable and not toxic or hazardous to the environment; (n) Generation shall refer to the act or process of producing solid waste; (o) Generator shall refer to a person, natural or juridical, who last uses a material and makes it available for disposal or recycling; (p) Hazardous waste shall refer to solid waste management or combination of solid waste which because of its quantity, concentration or physical, chemical or infectious characteristics may: (1) cause, or significantly contribute to an increase in mortality or an increase in serious irreversible, or incapacitating reversible, illness; or

(2) pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, or disposed of, or otherwise managed; (q) Leachate shall refer to the liquid produced when waste undergo decomposition, and when water percolate through solid waste undergoing decomposition. It is contaminated liquid that contains dissolved and suspended materials; (r) Materials recovery facility - includes a solid waste transfer station or sorting station, drop-off center, a composting facility, and a recycling facility; (s) Municipal waste shall refer to wastes produced from activities within local government units which include a combination of domestic, commercial, institutional and industrial wastes and street litters; (t) Open dump shall refer to a disposal area wherein the solid wastes are indiscriminately thrown or disposed of without due planning and consideration for environmental and Health standards; (u) Opportunity to recycle shall refer to the act of providing a place for collecting source-separated recyclable material, located either at a disposal site or at another location more convenient to the population being served, and collection at least once a month of source-separated recyclable material from collection service customers and to providing a public education and promotion program that gives notice to each person of the opportunity to recycle and encourage source separation of recyclable material; (v) Person(s) shall refer to any being, natural or judicial, susceptible of rights and obligations, or of being the subject of legal relations; (w) Post-consumer material shall refer only to those materials or products generated by a business or consumer which have served their intended end use, and which have been separated or diverted from solid waste for the purpose of being collected, processed and used as a raw material in the manufacturing of recycled product, excluding materials and by-products generated from, and by-products generated from, and commonly used within an original manufacturing process, such as mill scrap; (x) Receptacles shall refer to individual containers used for the source separation and the collection of recyclable materials; (y) Recovered material shall refer to material and by products that have been recovered or diverted from solid waste for the purpose of

being collected, processed and used as a raw material in the manufacture of a recycled product; (z) Recyclable material shall refer to any waste material retrieved from the waste stream and free from contamination that can still be converted into suitable beneficial use or for other purposes, including, but not limited to, newspaper, ferrous scrap metal, non-ferrous scrap metal, used oil, corrugated cardboard, aluminum, glass, office paper, tin cans and other materials as may be determined by the Commission; (aa) Recycled material shall refer to post-consumer material that has been recycled and returned to the economy; (bb) Recycling shall refer to the treating of used or waste materials through a process of making them suitable for beneficial use and for other purposes, and includes any process by which solid waste materials are transformed into new products in such a manner that the original product may lose their identity, and which maybe used as raw materials for the production of other goods or services: Provided, That the collection, segregation and re-use of previously used packaging material shall be deemed recycling under this Act; (cc) Resource conversation shall refer to the reduction of the amount of solid waste that are generated or the reduction of overall resource consumption, and utilization of recovered resources; (dd) Resources recovery shall refer to the collection, extraction or recovery of recyclable materials from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling, generating energy or producing a product suitable for beneficial use: Provided, That such resource recovery facilities exclude incineration; (ee) Re-use shall refer to the process of recovering materials intended for the same or different purpose without the alteration of physical and chemical characteristics; (ff) Sanitary landfill shall refer to a waste disposal site designed, constructed, operated and maintained in a manner that exerts engineering control over significant potential environment impacts arising from the development and operation of the facility; (gg) Schedule of Compliance shall refer to an enforceable sequence of actions or operations to be accomplished within a stipulated time frame leading to compliance with a limitation, prohibition or standard set forth in this Act or any rule of regulation issued pursuant thereto;

(hh) Secretary landfill shall refer to the Secretary of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources; (ii) Segregation shall refer to a solid waste management practice of separating different materials found in solid waste in order to promote recycling and re-use of resources and to reduce the volume of waste for collection and disposal; (jj) Segregation at source shall refer to a solid waste management practice of separating, at the point of origin, different materials found in solid waste in order to promote recycling and re-use of resources and to reduce the volume of waste for collection and disposal; (kk) Solid waste shall refer to all discarded household, commercial waste, non-hazardous institutional and industrial waste, street sweepings, construction debris, agricultural waste, and other nonhazardous/non-toxic solid waste. Unless specifically noted otherwise, the term "solid waste" as used in this Act shall not include: (1) Waste identified or listed as hazardous waste of a solid, liquid, contained gaseous or semisolid form which may cause or contribute to an increase in mortality or in serious or incapacitating reversible illness, or acute/chronic effect on the health of persons and other organisms; (2) Infectious waste from hospitals such as equipment, instruments, utensils, and fomites of a disposable nature from patients who are suspected to have or have been diagnosed as having communicable diseases and must therefore be isolated as required by public health agencies, laboratory wastes such as pathological specimens (i.e. all tissues, specimens of blood elements, excreta, and secretions obtained from patients or laboratory animals) and disposable fomites that may harbor or transmit pathogenic organisms, and surgical operating room pathologic materials from outpatient areas and emergency rooms; and (3) Waste resulting from mining activities, including contaminated soil and debris. (ll) Solid waste management shall refer to the discipline associated with the control of generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing, and disposal of solid wastes in a manner that is in accord with the best principles of public health, economics, engineering, conservation, aesthetics, and other environmental considerations, and that is also responsive to public attitudes;

(mm) Solid waste management facility shall refer to any resource recovery system or component thereof; any system, program, or facility for resource conservation; any facility for the collection, source separation, storage, transportation, transfer, processing, treatment, or disposal of solid waste; (nn) Source reduction shall refer to the reduction of solid waste before it enters the solid waste stream by methods such as product design, materials substitution, materials re-use and packaging restrictions; (oo) Source separation shall refer to the sorting of solid waste into some or all of its component parts at the point of generation; (pp) Special wastes shall refer to household hazardous wastes such as paints, thinners, household batteries, lead-acid batteries, spray canisters and the like. These include wastes from residential and commercial sources that comprise of bulky wastes, consumer electronics, white goods, yard wastes that are collected separately, batteries, oil, and tires. These wastes are usually handled separately from other residential and commercial wastes; (qq) Storage shall refer to the interim containment of solid wastes after generation and prior to collection for ultimate recovery or disposal; (rr) Transfer stations shall refer to those facilities utilized to receive solid wastes, temporarily store, separate, convert, or otherwise process the materials in the solid wastes, or to transfer the solid wastes directly from smaller to larger vehicles for transport. This term does not include any of the following: (1) a facility whose principal function is to receive, store, separate, convert or otherwise process in accordance with national minimum standards, manure; (2) a facility, whose principal function is to receive, store, convert, or otherwise process wastes which have already been separated for re-use and are intended for disposals, and (3) the operations premises of a duly licensed solid waste handling operator who is receives, stores, transfers, or otherwise processes wastes as an activity incidental to the conduct of a refuse collection and disposal business. (ss) Waste diversion shall refer to activities which reduce or eliminate the amount of solid waste from waste disposal facilities;

(tt) White goods shall refer to large worn-out or broken household, commercial, and industrial appliances such as stoves, refrigerators, dishwashers, and clothes washers and dryers collected separately. White goods ate usually dismantled for the recovery of specific materials (e.g., copper, aluminum, etc.); (uu) Yard waste shall refer to wood, small or chipped branches, leaves, grass clippings, garden debris, vegetable residue that is recognized as part of a plant or vegetable and other materials identified by the Commission.

Section 9. Visitorial Powers of the Department. - The Department or its duly authorized representative shall have access to, and the right to copy therefrom, the records required to be maintained pursuant to the provisions of this Act. The Secretary or the duly authorized representative shall likewise have the right to enter the premises of any generator, recycler or manufacturer, or other facilities any time to question any employee or investigate any fact, condition or matter which may be necessary to determine any violation, or which may aid in the effective enforcement of this Act and its implementing rules and regulations. This Section shall not apply to private dwelling places unless the visitorial power is otherwise judicially authorized. Section 10. Role of LGUs in Solid Waste Management - Pursuant to the relevant provisions of R.A. No. 7160, otherwise known as the Local government code, the LGUs shall be primarily responsible for the implementation and enforcement of the provisions of this Act within their respective jurisdictions. Segregation and collection of solid waste shall be conducted at the barangay level specifically for biodegradable, compostable and reusable wastes: Provided, That the collection of non-recyclable materials and special wastes shall be the responsibility of the municipality or city. Section 11. Provincial Solid Waste Management Board - A Provincial Solid Waste Management board shall be established in every province, to be chaired by the governor. Its members shall include: (a) All the mayors of its component cities and municipalities; (b) One (1) representative from the Sangguniang Panlalawigan to be represented by the chairperson of either the Committees on Environment or Health or their equivalent committees, to be nominated by the presiding officer; (c) The provincial health and/or general services officers, whichever may be recommended by the governor;

(d) The provincial environment and natural resources officer; (e) The provincial engineer; (f) Congressional representatives from each congressional district within the province; (g) A representative from the NGO sector whose principal purpose is to promote recycling and the protection of air and water quality; (h) A representative from the recycling industry; (i) A representative from the manufacturing or packaging industry; and (j) A representative of each concerned government agency possessing relevant technical and marketing expertise as may be determined by the board. The Provincial Solid Waste Management Board may, from time to time, call on any other concerned agencies or sectors as it may deem necessary. Provided, That representatives from the NGOs, recycling and manufacturing or packaging industries shall be selected through a process designed by themselves and shall be endorsed by the government agency of representatives of the Board: Provided, further, that in the Province of Palawan, the Board shall be chaired by the chairman of the Palawan Council for Sustainable Development, pursuant to Republic Act No. 7611. In the case of Metro Manila, the Board shall be chaired by the chairperson of the MMDA and its members shall include: (i) all mayors of its component cities and municipalities; (ii) a representative from the NGO sector whose principal purpose is to promote recycling and the protection of air and water quality; (iii) a representative from the recycling industry; and (iv) a representative from the manufacturing or packaging industry. The Board may, from time to time, call on any other concerned agencies or sectors as it may deem necessary. Provided, That representatives from the NGOs, recycling and manufacturing or packaging industries shall be selected through a process designed by

themselves and shall be endorsed by the government agency representatives of the Board. The Provincial Solid Waste Management Board shall have the following functions and responsibilities: (1) Develop a provincial solid waste management plan from the submitted solid waste management plans of the respective city and municipal solid waste management boards herein created. It shall review and integrate the submitted plans of all its component cities and municipalities and ensure that the various plan complement each other, and have the requisite components. The Provincial Solid Waste Management Plan shall be submitted to the Commission for approval. The Provincial Plans shall reflect the general program of action and initiatives of the provincial government and implementing a solid waste management program that would support the various initiatives of its component cities and municipalities. (2) Provide the necessary logistical and operational support to its component cities and municipalities in consonance with subsection (f) of Sec.17 of the Local Government Code; (3) Recommend measures and safeguards against pollution and for the preservation of the natural ecosystem; (4) Recommend measures to generate resources, funding and implementation of project and activities as specified in the duly approved solid waste management plans; (5) Identify areas within its jurisdiction which have common solid waste management problems and are appropriate units are planning local solid waste management services in accordance with Section 41 hereof; (6) Coordinate the efforts of the component cities and municipalities in the implementation of the Provincial Solid Waste Management Plan; (7) Develop an appropriate incentive scheme as an integral component of the Provincial Solid Waste Management Plan; (8) Convene joint meetings of the provincial, city and municipal solid waste management boards at least every quarter for purposes of integrating, synchronizing, monitoring and evaluating the development and implementation of its provincial solid waste management plan;

(9) Represent any of its component city or municipality in coordinating its resource and operational requirements with agencies of the national government; (10) Oversee the implementation of the Provincial Solid Waste Management Plant; (11) Review every two (2) years or as the need arises the Provincial Solid Waste Management Plan for purposes of ensuring its sustainability, viability, effectiveness and relevance in relation to local and international development in the field of solid waste management; and (12) Allow for the clustering of LGUs for the solution of common solid waste management problems. Section 12. City and Municipal Solid Waste Management Board - Each city or municipality shall form a City or Municipal Waste Management Board that shall prepare, submit and implement a plan for the safe and sanitary management of solid waste generated in areas under in geographic and political coverage. The City or Municipal Solid Waste Management Board shall be composed of the city or municipal mayor as head with the following as members: a) One (1) representative of Sangguniang Panlungsod or the Sangguniang Bayan, preferably chairpersons of either the Committees on Environment or Health, who will be designated by the presiding officer; b) President of the Association of Barangay Councils in the municipality or city; c) Chairperson of the Sangguniang Kabataan Federation; d) A representative from NGOs whose principal purpose is to promote recycling and the protection of air and water quality; e) A representative from the recycling industry; f) A representative from the manufacturing or packaging industry; and g) A representative of each concerned government agency possessing relevant technical and marketing expertise as may be determined by the Board.

The City or Municipal Solid Waste Management Board may, from time to time, call on any concerned agencies or sectors as it may deem necessary. Provided, That representatives from NGOs, recycling and manufacturing or packaging industries shall be selected through a process designed by themselves and shall be endorsed by the government agency representatives of the Board. The City and Municipal Solid Waste Management Boards shall have the following duties and responsibilities: (1) Develop the City or Municipal Solid Waste Management Plan that shall ensure the long-term management of solid waste, as well as integrate the various solid waste management plans and strategies of the barangays in its area of jurisdiction. In the development of the Solid Waste Management Plan, it shall conduct consultations with the various sectors of the community; (2) Adopt measures to promote and ensure the viability and effective implementation of solid waste management programs in its component barangays; (3) Monitor the implementation of the City or Municipal Solid Waste Management Plan through its various political subdivisions and in cooperation with the private sector and the NGOs; (4) Adopt specific revenue-generating measures to promote the viability of its Solid Waste Management Plan; (5) Convene regular meetings for purposes of planning and coordinating the implementation of the solid waste management plans of the respective component barangays; (6) Oversee the implementation of the City or Municipal Solid Waste Management Plan; (7) Review every two (2) years or as the need arises the City or Municipal Solid Waste Management Plan for purposes of ensuring its sustainability, viability, effectiveness and relevance in relation to local and international developments in the field of solid waste management; (8) Develop the specific mechanics and guidelines for the implementation of the City or Municipal Solid Waste Management Plan;

(9) Recommended to appropriate local government authorities specific measures or proposals for franchise or build-operate-transfer agreements with duly recognized institutions, pursuant to R.A.6957, to provide either exclusive or non-exclusive authority for the collection, transfer, storage, processing, recycling or disposal of municipal solid waste. The proposals shall take into consideration appropriate government rules and regulations on contracts, franchise and build-operate-transfer agreements; (10) Provide the necessary logistical and operational support to its component cities and municipalities in consonance with subsection (f) of Sec. 17 of the Local Government Code; (11) Recommended measures and safeguards against pollution and for the preservation of the natural ecosystem; and (12) Coordinates the efforts of its components barangays in the implementation of the city or municipal Solid Waste Management Plan.

government solid waste management plan shall be approved by the Palawan Council for Sustainable Development, pursuant to R.A. No. 7611. Section 18. Owner and Operator - Responsibility for compliance with the standards in this Act shall rest with the owner and/or operator. If specifically designated, the operator is considered to have primary responsibility for compliance; however, this does not relieve the owner of the duty to take all reasonable steps to assure compliance with these standards and any assigned conditions. When the title to a disposal is transferred to another person, the new owner shall be notified by the previous owner of the existence of these standards and of the conditions assigned to assure compliance. Section 19. Waste characterization - The Department in coordination with the LGUs, shall be responsible for the establishment of the guidelines for the accurate characterization of wastes including determination of whether or not wastes will be compatible with containment features and other wastes, and whether or not wastes are required to be managed as hazardous wastes under R.A. 6969, otherwise known as the Toxic Substance and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act. Section 20. Establishing Mandatory Solid Waste Diversion - Each LGU plan shall include an implementation schedule which shows that within five (5) years after the effectivity of this Act, the LGU shall divert at least 25% of all solid waste from waste disposal facilities through re-use, recycling and composting activities and other resource recovery activities; Provided, That the waste diversion goals shall be increased every three (3) years thereafter; Provided, further, That nothing in this Section prohibits a local government unit from implementing re-use, recycling, and composting activities designed to exceed the goal. Article 2 Segregation of Wastes Section 21. Mandatory Segregation of Solid Wastes - The LGUs shall evaluate alternative roles for the public and private sectors in providing collection services, type of collection system, or combination of systems, that best meet their needs: Provided, That segregation of wastes shall primarily be conducted at the source, to include household, institutional, industrial, commercial and agricultural sources: Provided, further; That wastes shall be segregated into the categories provided in Sec. 22 of this Act. For premises containing six (6) or more residential units, the local government unit shall promulgate regulations requiring the owner or person in charge of such premises to: (a) provide for the residents a designated area and containers in which to accumulate source separated recyclable materials to be collected by the municipality or private center; and

Section 16. Local Government Solid Waste Management Plans - The province, city or municipality, through its local solid waste management boards, shall prepare its respective 10-year solid waste management plans consistent with the national solid waste management framework: Provided, That the waste management plan shall be for the re-use, recycling and composting of wastes generated in their respective jurisdictions: Provided,further, That the solid waste management plan of the LGU shall ensure the efficient management of solid waste generated within its jurisdiction. The plan shall place primary emphasis on implementation of all feasible re-use, recycling, and composting programs while identifying the amount of landfill and transformation capacity that will be needed for solid waste which cannot be re-used, recycled, or composted. The plan shall contain all the components provided in Sec. 17 of this Act and a timetable for the implementation of the solid waste management program in accordance with the National Framework and pursuant to the provisions of this Act: Provided, finally, That it shall be reviewed and updated every year by the provincial, city or municipal solid waste management board. For LGUs which have considered solid waste management alternatives to comply with Sec. 37 of this Act, but are unable to utilize such alternatives, a timetable or schedule of compliance specifying the remedial measure and eventual compliance shall be included in the plan. All local government solid waste management plans shall be subjected to the approval of the Commission. The plan shall be consistent with the national framework and in accordance with the provisions of this Act and of the policies set by the Commission; Provided, That in the province of Palawan, the local

(b) notify the occupants of each buildings of the requirements of this Act and the regulations promulgated pursuant thereto. Section 22. Requirements for the Segregation and Storage of Solid Waste - The following shall be the minimum standards and requirements for segregation and storage of solid waste pending collection: (a) There shall be a separate container for each type of waste from all sources: Provided, That in the case of bulky waste, it will suffice that the same be collected and placed in a separate designated area; and (b) The solid waste container depending on its use shall be properly marked or identified for on-site collection as "compostable", "nonrecyclable", "recyclable" or "special waste", or any other classification as may be determined by the Commission. Article 3 Collection and Transport of Solid Wastes Section 23. Requirements for Collection of Solid Wastes - The following shall be the minimum standards and requirements for the collection of solid waste: (a) All collectors and other personnel directly dealing with collection of solid waste shall be equipped with personal protective equipment to protect them from the hazards of handling wastes; (b) Necessary training shall be given to the collectors and personnel to ensure that the solid wastes are handled properly and in accordance with the guidelines pursuant to this Act; and (c) Collection of solid waste shall be done in a manner which prevents damage to the container and spillage or scattering of solid waste within the collection vicinity. Section 24. Requirements for the Transport of Solid Waste - The use of separate collection schedules and/or separate trucks or haulers shall be required for specific types of wastes. Otherwise, vehicles used for the collection and transport of solid wastes shall have the appropriate compartments to facilitate efficient storing of sorted wastes while in transit. Vehicles shall be designed to consider road size, condition and capacity to ensure the sage and efficient collection and transport of solid wastes. The waste compartment shall have a cover to ensure the containment of solid wastes while in transit.

For the purpose of identification, vehicles shall bear the body number, the name, and the telephone number of the contractor/agency collecting solid waste. Section 25. Guidelines for Transfer Stations - Transfer stations shall be designed and operated for efficient waste handling capacity and in compliance with environmental standards and guidelines set pursuant to this Act and other regulations: Provided, That no waste shall be stored in such station beyond twenty-four (24) hours. The siting of the transfer station shall consider the land use plan, proximity to collection area, and accessibility of haul routes to disposal facility. The design shall give primary consideration to size and space sufficiency in order to accommodate the waste for storage and vehicles for loading and unloading of wastes. Article 4 Recycling Program Section 26. Inventory of Existing Markets for Recyclable Materials - The DTI shall within six (6) months from the effectivity of this Act and in cooperation with the Department, the DILG and other concerned agencies and sectors, publish a study of existing markets for processing and purchasing recyclable materials and the potential steps necessary to expand these markets. Such study shall include, but not be limited to, an inventory of existing markets for recyclable materials, product standards for recyclable and recycled materials, and a proposal, developed in conjunction with the appropriate agencies, to stimulate the demand for the production of products containing post consumer and recovered materials. Section 27. Requirement for Eco-Labeling - The DTI shall formulate and implement a coding system for packaging materials and products to facilitate waste and recycling and re-use. Section 28. Reclamation Programs and Buy-back Centers for Recyclables and Toxics - The National Ecology Center shall assist LGUs in establishing and implementing deposit or reclamation programs in coordination with manufacturers, recyclers and generators to provide separate collection systems or convenient drop-off locations for recyclable materials and particularly for separated toxic components of the waste stream like dry cell batteries and tires to ensure that they are not incinerated or disposed of in a landfill. Upon effectivity of this Act, toxic materials present in the waste stream should be separated at source, collected separately and further screened and sent to appropriate hazardous waste treatment and disposal plants, consistent with the provisions of R.A. No. 6969. Section 29. Non-Environmentally Acceptable Products - Within one (1) year from the effectivity of this Act, the Commission shall, after public notice and

hearing, prepare a list of nonenvironmentally acceptable products as defined in this Act that shall be prohibited according to a schedule that shall be prepared by the Commission:Provided, however, That non-environmentally acceptable products shall not be prohibited unless the Commission first finds that there are alternatives available which are available to consumers at no more than ten percent (10%) greater cost than the disposable product. Notwithstanding any other provisions to the contrary, this section shall not apply to: (a) Packaging used at hospitals, nursing homes or other medical facilities; and (b) Any packaging which is not environmentally acceptable, but for which there is no commercially available alternatives as determined by the Commission. The Commission shall annually review and update the list of prohibited nonenvironmentally acceptable products. Section 30. Prohibition on the Use of Non-Environmentally Acceptable Packaging - No person owning, operating or conducting a commercial establishment in the country shall sell or convey at retail or possess with the intent to sell or convey at retail any products that are placed, wrapped or packaged in or on packaging which is not environmentally acceptable packaging: Provided, That the Commission shall determine a phaseout period after proper consultation and hearing with the stakeholders or with the sectors concerned. The presence in the commercial establishment of nonenvironmentally acceptable packaging shall constitute a rebuttable presumption of intent to sell or convey the same at retail to customers. Any person who is a manufacturer, broker or warehouse operator engaging in the distribution or transportation of commercial products within the country shall file a report with the concerned local government within one (1) year from the effectivity of this Act, and annually thereafter, a listing of any products in packaging which is not environmentally acceptable. The Commission shall prescribe the form of such report in its regulations. A violation of this Section shall be sufficient grounds for the revocation, suspension, denial or non-renewal of any license for the establishment in which the violation occurs. Section 32. Establishment of LGU Materials Recovery Facility. - There shall be established a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) in every barangay or cluster of barangays. The facility shall be established in a barangay-owned or -leased land or any suitable open space to be determined by the barangay through its Sanggunian. For this purpose, the barangay or cluster of barangays shall allocate a certain parcel of land for the MRF. The MRF shall receive mixed waste

for final sorting, segregation, composting, and recycling. The resulting residual wastes shall be transferred to a long term storage or disposal facility or sanitary landfill. Section 37. Prohibition Against the Use of Open Dumps for Solid Waste - No open dumps shall be established and operated, nor any practice or disposal of solid waste by any person, including LGUs, which constitutes the use of open dumps for solid wastes, be allowed after the effectivity of this Acts: Provided, That within three (3) years after the effectivity of this Act, every LGU shall convert its open dumps into controlled dumps, in accordance with the guidelines set in Sec. 41 of this Act: Provided, further, That no controlled dumps shall be allowed five (5) years following the effectivity of this Act.

Section 43. Guidelines for Identification of Common Solid Waste Management Problems - For purposes of encouraging and facilitating the development of local government plans for solid waste management, the Commission shall, as soon as practicable but not later than six (6) months from the effectivity of this Act, publish guidelines for the identification of those areas which have common solid waste management problems and are appropriate units for clustered solid waste management services. The guidelines shall be based on the following: (a) the size and location of areas which should be included; (b) the volume of solid waste which would be generated; (c) the available means of coordinating local government planning between and among the LGUs and for the integration of such with the national plan; and (d) possible lifespan of the disposal facilities. Section 44. Establishment of Common Waste Treatment and Disposal Facilities Pursuant to Sec. 33 of R.A.7160, otherwise known as the Local Government Code, all provinces, cities, municipalities and barangays, through appropriate ordinances, are hereby mandated to consolidate, or coordinate their efforts, services, and resources for purposes of jointly addressing common solid waste management problems and/or establishing common waste disposal facilities. The Department, the Commission and local solid waste management boards shall provide technical and marketing assistance to the LGUs. CHAPTER IV INCENTIVES Section 45. Incentives. -

(a) Rewards, monetary or otherwise, shall be provided to individuals, private organizations and entitles, including non-government organizations, that have undertaken outstanding and innovative projects, technologies, processes and techniques or activities in reuse, recycling and reduction. Said rewards shall be sourced from the Fund herein created. (b) An incentive scheme is hereby provided for the purpose of encouraging LGUs, enterprises, or private entities, including NGOs, to develop or undertake an effective solid waste management, or actively participate in any program geared towards the promotion thereof as provided for in this Act. (1) Fiscal Incentives. - Consistent with the provisions of E.O. 226, otherwise known as the Omnibus Investments Code, the following tax incentives shall be granted: (a) Tax and Duty Exemption on Imported Capital Equipment and Vehicles - Within ten (10) years upon effectively of this Act, LGUs, enterprises or private entities shall enjoy tax and duty free importation of machinery, equipment, vehicles and spare parts used for collection, transportation, segregation, recycling, re-use and composing of solid wastes: Provided, That the importation of such machinery, equipment, vehicle and spare parts shall comply with the following conditions: (i) They are not manufactured domestically in sufficient quantity, of comparable quality and at reasonable prices; (ii) They are reasonably needed and will be used actually, directly and exclusively for the above mentioned activities; (iii) The approval of the Board of Investment (BOI) of the DTI for the importation of such machinery, equipment, vehicle and spare parts. Provided, further, That the sale, transfer or disposition of such machinery, equipment, vehicle and spare parts, without prior approval of the (BOI), within five (5) years from the date of acquisition shall be prohibited, otherwise, the LGU concerned, enterprise or private entities and the vendee, transferee, or assignee shall be solidarily liable to pay twice the amount of tax and duty exemption given it. (b) Tax Credit on Domestic Equipment - Within ten (10) years from the effectivity of this Act, a tax credit equivalent to 50% of the value of the national internal revenue taxes and customs duties that would have been waived on the machinery, equipment, vehicle and spare

parts, had these items been imported shall be given to enterprises, private entities, including NGOs, subject to the same conditions and prohibition cited in the preceding paragraph. (c) Tax and Duty Exemption of Donations, Legacies and Gift - All legacies, gifts and donations to LGUs, enterprises or private entities, including NGOs, for the support and maintenance of the program for effective solid waste management shall be exempt from all internal revenue taxes and customs duties, and shall be deductible in full from the gross income of the donor for income tax purposes. (2) Non-Fiscal Incentives. - LGUs, enterprises or private entities availing of tax incentives under this Act shall also be entitled to applicable non-fiscal incentives provided for under E.O. 226, otherwise known as the Omnibus Investments Code. The Commission shall provide incentives to businesses and industries that are engaged in the recycling of wastes and which are registered with the Commission and have been issued ECCs in accordance with the guidelines established by the Commission. Such incentives shall include simplified procedures for the importation of equipment, spare parts, new materials, and supplies, and for the export of processed products. (3) Financial Assistance Program. - Government financial institutions such as the Development Bank of the Philippines (DBP), Landbank of the Philippines (LBP), Government Service Insurance System (GSIS), and such other government institutions providing financial services shall, in accordance with and to the extent allowed by the enabling provisions of their respective charters or applicable laws, accord high priority to extend financial services to individuals, enterprises, or private entities engaged in solid waste management. (4) Extension of Grants to LGUs. - Provinces, cities and municipalities whose solid waste management plans have been duly approved by the Commission or who have been commended by the Commission for adopting innovative solid waste management programs may be entitled to receive grants for the purpose of developing their technical capacities toward actively participating in the program for effectively and sustainable solid waste management. (5) Incentives to Host LGUs. - Local government units who host common waste management facilities shall be entitled to incentives. CHAPTER VI PENAL PROVISIONS Section 48. Prohibited Acts - The following acts are prohibited:

(1) Littering, throwing, dumping of waste matters in public places, such as roads, sidewalks, canals, esteros or parks, and establishment, or causing or permitting the same; (2) Undertaking activities or operating, collecting or transporting equipment in violation of sanitation operation and other requirements or permits set forth in established pursuant; (3) The open burning of solid waste; (4) Causing or permitting the collection of non-segregated or unsorted wastes; (5) Squatting in open dumps and landfills; (6) Open dumping, burying of biodegradable or non-biodegradable materials in flood prone areas; (7) Unauthorized removal of recyclable material intended for collection by authorized persons; (8) The mixing of source-separated recyclable material with other solid waste in any vehicle, box, container or receptacle used in solid waste collection or disposal; (9) Establishment or operation of open dumps as enjoined in this Act, or closure of said dumps in violation of Sec. 37; (10) The manufacture, distribution or use of non-environmentally acceptable packaging materials; (11) Importation of consumer products packaged in nonenvironmentally acceptable materials; (12) Importation of toxic wastes misrepresented as "recyclable" or "with recyclable content"; (13) Transport and dumplog in bulk of collected domestic, industrial, commercial, and institutional wastes in areas other than centers or facilities prescribe under this Act; (14) Site preparation, construction, expansion or operation of waste management facilities without an Environmental Compliance Certificate required pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 1586 and this Act and not conforming with the land use plan of the LGU;

(15) The construction of any establishment within two hundred (200) meters from open dumps or controlled dumps, or sanitary landfill; and (16) The construction or operation of landfills or any waste disposal facility on any aquifer, groundwater reservoir, or watershed area and or any portions thereof. Section 49. Fines and Penalties (a) Any person who violates Sec. 48 paragraph (1) shall, upon conviction, be punished with a fine of not less than Three hundred pesos (P300.00) but not more than One thousand pesos (P1,000.00) or render community service for not less than one (1) day to not more than fifteen (15) days to an LGU where such prohibited acts are committed, or both; (b) Any person who violates Sec. 48, pars. (2) and (3), shall, upon conviction be punished with a fine of not less than Three hundred pesos (P300.00) but not more than One thousand pesos (P1,000.00) or imprisonment of not less than one (1) day but to not more than fifteen (15) days, or both; (c) Any person who violates Sec. 48, pars. (4), (5), (6) and (7) shall, upon conviction, be punished with a fine of not less than One thousand pesos (P1,000.00) but not more than Three thousand pesos (P3,000.00) or imprisonment of not less than fifteen (15) day but to not more than six (6) months, or both; (d) Any person who violates Sec. 48, pars (8), (9), (10) and (11) for the first time shall, upon conviction, pay a fine of Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) plus and amount not less than five percent (5%) but not more than ten percent (10%) of his net annual income during the previous year. The additional penalty of imprisonment of a minimum period of one (1) year but not to exceed three (3) years at the discretion of the court, shall be imposed for second or subsequent violations of Sec. 48, pars. (9) and (10). (e) Any person who violates Sec. 48, pars. (12) and (13) shall, upon conviction, be punished with a fine not less than Ten thousand pesos (P10,000.00) but not more than Two hundred thousand pesos (P200,000.00) or imprisonment of not less than thirty (30) days but not more than three (3) years, or both; (f) Any person who violates Sec. 48, pars. (14), (15) and (16) shall, upon conviction, be punished with a fine not less than One hundred

thousand pesos (P100,000.00) but not more than One million pesos (P1,000,000.00), or imprisonment not less than one (1) year but not more than six (6) years, or both. If the offense is committed by a corporation, partnership, or other juridical identity duly recognized in accordance with the law, the chief executive officer, president, general manager, managing partner or such other officer-in-charge shall be liable for the commission of the offense penalized under this Act. If the offender is an alien, he shall, after service of the sentence prescribed above, be deported without further administrative proceedings. The fines herein prescribed shall be increased by at lest ten (10%) percent every three (3) years to compensate for inflation and to maintain the deterrent functions of such fines. Section 50. Administrative Sanctions - Local government officials and officials of government agencies concerned who fail to comply with and enforce rules and regulations promulgated relative to this Act shall be charged administratively in accordance with R.A. 7160 and other existing laws, rules and regulations CHAPTER VII MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS Section 51. Mandatory Public Hearings - Mandatory public hearings for national framework and local government solid waste management plans shall be undertaken by the Commission and the respective Boards in accordance with process to be formulated in the implementing rules and regulations. Section 52. Citizens Suits - For the purposes of enforcing the provisions of this Act or its implementing rules and regulations, any citizen may file an appropriate civil, criminal or administrative action in the proper courts/bodies against: (a) Any person who violates or fails to comply with the provisions of this Act its implementing rules and regulations; or (b) The Department or other implementing agencies with respect to orders, rules and regulations issued inconsistent with this Act; and/or (c) Any public officer who willfully or grossly neglects the performance of an act specifically enjoined as a duty by this Act or its implementing rules and regulations; or abuses his authority in the performance of his duty; or, in any many improperly performs his duties under this Act or its implementing rules and regulations; Provided, however, That no suit can be filed until after

thirty-day (30) notice has been given to the public officer and the alleged violator concerned and no appropriate action has been taken thereon. The Court shall exempt such action from the payment of filing fees and statements likewise, upon prima facieshowing of the non-enforcement or violation complained of, exempt the plaintiff from the filing of an injunction bond for the issuance of preliminary injunction. In the event that the citizen should prevail, the Court shall award reasonable attorney's fees, moral damages and litigation costs as appropriate. Section 53. Suits and Strategic Legal Action Against Public Participation (SLAPP) and the Enforcement of this Act- Where a suit is brought against a person who filed an action as provided in Sec. 52 of this Act, or against any person, institution or government agency that implements this Act, it shall be the duty of the investigating prosecutor or the Court, as the case may be, to immediately make a determination not exceeding thirty (30) days whether said legal action has been filed to harass, vex, exert undue pressure or stifle such legal recourses of the person complaining of or enforcing the provisions of this Act. Upon determination thereof, evidence warranting the same, the Court shall dismiss the complaint and award the attorney's fees and double damages. This provision shall also apply and benefit public officers who are sued for acts committed in their official capacity, there being no grave abuse of authority, and done in the course of enforcing this Act. Section 57. Business and Industry Role - The Commission shall encourage commercial and industrial establishments, through appropriate incentives other than tax incentives to initiate, participate and invest in integrated ecological solid waste management projects to manufacture environmentfriendly products, to introduce develop and adopt innovative processes that shall recycle and re-use materials, conserve raw materials and energy, reduce waste, and prevent pollution and to undertake community activities to promote and propagate effective solid waste management practices.