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Comparison Between Indeterminate and Determinate Influence line for Statically Indeterminate Beams Qualitative Influence Lines for Frames
Indeterminate
Determinate
1 A
RA
1 A
RA
Indeterminate 1 A D C 1 A
Determinate D B E C
RA
RA
1 A
VD
1 D
VD
D A
1 C ME A D B E C ME
3
1
Compatibility equation:
f1 j + f11 R1 = 1 = 0
=
R1 = f1 j (
1 = f1j
1 fjj +
R1 = ( f j1 f11 )
1 ) f11
f11 1 fj1 R1
4
Redundant R2 applied
1
Compatibility equation.
'2 + f 22 R2 = 2 = 0
f 2 j + f 22 R2 = 2 = 0
R2 = f 2 j (
1 ) f 22
R2 = (
f j2 f 22
VE = (
1 1 f44 fj4 1
1 ) f j4 f 44
ME = (
1
44
) f j4
44
fj4
Using Equilibrium Condition for Shear and Bending Moment Influence line of Reaction
1 4 2 j 3
f11 =1 f11
f 41 f11
R1
f j1
f 22 =1 f 22
R1 = (
f j1 f11
1
f 42 f 22
f11 f j2 f 22
R2 1
f 33 =1 f 33
R2 = (
f j2 f 22
f 43 f 33
f j3 f 33
R3 1
R3 = (
f j3 f 33
)
8
1 M4
R1 R1 R2 R3
V4
+ Fy = 0; R1 1 V4 = 0
M4 R1 V4
4 1 1 1 V4 = R1 - 1
V4 = R1 V4
+ Fy = 0; R1 V4 = 0
V4 = R1
1 M4 V4
l R1
R1
l1
R2
l2
R3
1 M4 = - l + x + l R1 1 1 M4 M4 = lR1 l R1 M4 V4
+ M4 = 0: M4 - l R1 = 0 M4 = l R1
10
I 1
Influence Line of VI
11
1 I
Influence Line of MI
12
15 m
15 m
15 m
15 m
MA
1 MH
14
G A 1.0 RA 1.0 RB B C D E
MB 1 1 MG
15
G A B C D E
VG
VF
VH
16
Example 1 Draw the influence line for - the vertical reaction at A and B - shear at C - bending moment at A and C EI is constant . Plot numerical values every 2 m.
2m
2m
2m
17
Influence line of RB A C D B
2m
2m
2m
f AB f BB
f CB f BB
f DB f BB
f BB =1 f BB
18
2m
18 EI
2m
2m x
6 EI
72 EI Conjugate Beam 18 EI
x EI
x2 2 EI
x
72 EI
x3 72 18 x + = Mx 6 EI EI EI
Vx
x 3
2x 3
18 EI
19
x A C D B
f xB x3 72 18 x = M 'x = + 6 EI EI EI
2m
2m
2m
Point B 72/EI
x (m) 0
fxB
72 EI
37.33 EI 10.67 EI
fxB / fBB 1
10.67/EI
37.33/EI 1
fBB fxB
0.518
0.148
20
Influence line of RA A C D B
2m
2m
2m
1 kN
f AA =1 f AA
f CA f AA
f DA f AA
21
2m
2m
1 kN
Conjugate Beam
B' y = 18 EI
18 x x = Mx EI 6 EI
x 3
2x 3
Vx
x EI
x
x2 2 EI
B' y =
18 EI
22
x A C D B
f xA
18 x x 3 = M 'x = EI 6 EI
2m
2m
2m
Point B
x (m) 0
fxA 0
34.67 EI 61.33 EI 72 EI
fxA / fAA 0
1 kN fAA
72/EI
61.33 /EI
0.482
0.852
1.0
1 kN =1
23
2m
2m RB 0.148 .518
2m
RB
RA + RB 1 = 0 RB = 1 RA
1 RB 1
Using equilibrium conditions for the influence line of VC 1 MA RA A C x D B Unit load to the left of C MC VC
+ Fy = 0; + RB + VC = 0
2m
2m
2m
RB 1
RB
0.148
0.518 RB 1
VC
+ Fy = 0; + VC 1 + RB = 0
RB
VC = 1 - RB
25
1 0.148 0.518 RB 1
MA -1.112 1 -0.892
26
Using equilibrium conditions for the influence line of MC 1 MA RA A C x D B Unit load to the left of C MC VC 2m 2m 2m RB 1 0.148 0.518 RB 1 + 4m RB
M C = 0; M C + 4 RB = 0
0.592
1 0.074 MC
MC VC
RB
+ M C = 0; M C 1(4 x) + 4 RB = 0 MC = -4 + x + 4RB
27
Example 2 Draw the influence line and plot numerical values every 2 m for - the vertical reaction at supports A, B and C - Shear at G and E - Bending moment at G and E EI is constant.
2@2=4 m
4@2 = 8 m
28
Influence line of RA A G B D E F C
2@2=4 m
4@2 = 8 m
f AA =1 f AA
f DA f AA
f EA f AA
f FA f AA
29
C 0.5
Real beam
6m
5.33 EI
64/EI
4/EI 0 18.67/EI
10.67 EI
f AA = M ' A =
64 EI
30
64/EI
x2
4/EI
x1 Conjugate beam
18.67 EI
3
4m
x1 2 EI
8m
x1 4 EI
2
5.33 EI
x1
x1 5.33 x1 = 12 EI EI
M x1 V x1
x1 3 2 x1 3 5.33 EI
64 EI
x2
x2 2 EI
x2 EI
M x2
18.67 EI
2 x2 3
x2 V x2 3
x 64 18.67 = 2 + 6 EI EI EI
31
x2 A G B D E
x1 F C
f xA f xA
4m
64 EI 28 EI
2m
6m
Point C F fxA
x (m) 0 2 4 6 8 10
fxA 0
10 EI
16 EI 14 EI
fAA 1
14 EI
16 EI
10 EI
E D
f AA =1 f AA
B G A
0
28 EI 64 EI
12
Using equilibrium conditions for the influence line of RB 1 A RA 4m G B RB 2m 6m D E F x C RC Point C 1 0.438 1 -0.219 -0.25 -0.156 RA F E D B 0.59 1 1 1.078 0.875 0.485 RB G A
+ M C = 0; 8 RB + x 12 RA = 0
RB = x 12 RA 8 8
x (m) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
RA 0
RB 0
Using equilibrium conditions for the influence line of RC 1 A RA 4m G B RB 2m 6m D E F x C RC Point C 1 0.438 1 -0.219 -0.25 -0.156 1 RC 1 RA F E D B 0.141 0.375 -0.0312 0.672 G A
+ M B = 0;
4 RA 1( x 8) 8 RC = 0
RC = 0.5 RA x +1 8
x (m) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Check Fy = 0 1 A RA 4m 1 0.438 1 0.59 1 0.141 0.375 -0.0312 0.672 1 1 -0.219 -0.25 -0.156 1.08 0.875 0.49 RA G B RB 2m 6m D E F x C RC Point C F E D RB 1 RC B G A
+ Fy = 0; RA + RB + RC = 1
RA 0
RB 0
R 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
35
-0.2188 1.078 0 1
Using equilibrium conditions for the influence line of VG 1 x A G B D E F C A 4m 2m 6m RA VG Unit load to the left of G x 1 MG
+ Fy = 0; RA 1 VG = 0
1 0.438 1 0.438 1 -0.562 VG -0.219 -0.25 -0.156 -0.219 -0.25 -0.156 RA Unit load to the right of G A RA VG = RA VG MG VG = RA - 1
36
Using equilibrium conditions for the influence line of VE 1 A G B D E x F C Unit load to the left of E ME VE 4m 2m 6m 1 RC ME 0.625 0.0312 1 -0.141 -0.375 0.328 VE VE RC
+ Fy = 0; VE 1 + RC = 0
RC
+ Fy = 0; RC + VE = 0
VE = 1 - RC
37
Using equilibrium conditions for the influence line of MG 1 x A G B D E F C A 4m 2m 6m RA + 1 0.438 1 0.876 1 MG -0.438 -0.5 -0.312 -0.219 -0.25 -0.156 RA Unit load to the left of G x 2m 1 MG VG
M G = 0; M G + 1(2 x) 2 RA = 0
M G = 0; M G 2 RA = 0
38
MG = 2RA
Using equilibrium conditions for the influence line of ME 1 A G B D E x F C Unit load to the left of E 4m ME VE 4m 2m 6m 1 RC + ME = 0; ME = 4RC Unit load to the right of E x 1 ME VE 0.688 ME
+ M E = 0; M E 1(4 x) + 4 RC = 0
RC
0.141 -0.0312
0.375
0.672 1
4m
RC
ME = - 4 + x+ 4RC
39
Example 3 For the beam shown (a) Draw quantitative influence lines for the reaction at supports A and B, and bending moment at B. (b) Determine all the reactions at supports, and also draw its quantitative shear, bending moment diagrams, and qualitative deflected curve for - Only 10 kN downward at 6 m from A - Both 10 kN downward at 6 m from A and 20 kN downward at 4 m from A 20 kN 2EI A 4m C 2m 2m 10 kN 3EI B
40
fAA
fDA
fCA
fEA
fAA /fAA
fDA /f
AA
fCA /fAA
fEA /f
AA
41
Find fxA by conjugate beam 2EI A 1 1 V (kN) + 4m C 2m 2m 1 x (m) 3EI 8 kNm B 1 kN Real Beam
4 M (kNm) 1.33EI +
8 x (m)
2.67 EI
fAA = MA = 60.44/EI
Conjugate Beam 42
60.44/EI
37.11/EI
17.77/EI
4.88/EI
fxA
0.614
0.294
0.081
RA = fxA/fAA
43
0.614
0.294
0.081
RA
0.386
0.706
0.919
1 RB = 1 - RA
MB = 8RA - (8-x)(1)
44
0.614
0.294
0.081
RA
VB = RA -1
45
Using equilibrium conditions for the influence line of VC and MC x A RA 1 4m 0.614 2m 0.294 2m 1 C B RB 0 MB
0.081
RA
The quantitative shear and bending moment diagram and qualitative deflected curve 10 kN MB= 13.53 kNm B A 10(0.081)=0.81 kN 4m 2m 2m RB=9.19 kN
0.614
0.294
0.081
RA
V (kN)
0.81
0.81 -9.19
MA (kNm)
4.86 -13.53
47
The quantitative shear and bending moment diagram and qualitative deflected curve 10 kN 20 kN MB=46.48 kNm B A 20(.294) +1(0.081) = 6.69 kN 1 4m 2m 2m RB=23.31 kN
0.614
0.294 6.69
0.081
RA
V (kN)
6.69
0.14 -46.48
48
APPENDIX Muller-Breslau for the influence line of reaction, shear and moment Influence lines for MDOF beams Example 1 Draw the influence line for - the vertical reaction at B
2m
2m
2m
49
Influence line of RA A C D B
2m
2m
2m
1 kN
f AA =1 f AA
f CA f AA
f DA f AA
50
2m
2m
1 kN
Conjugate Beam
B' y = 18 EI
6 /EI
3
18 EI
18 x x = Mx EI 6 EI
x 3
2x 3
Vx
x EI
x
x2 2 EI
B' y =
18 EI
51
x A C D B
f xA 18 x x 3 = M 'x = EI 6 EI
2m
2m
2m
Point B
x (m) 0
fxA 0
34.67 EI 61.33 EI 72 EI
fxA / fAA 0
1 kN fAA
72/EI
61.33 /EI
0.482
0.852
1.0
Influence line of RA
52
Influence line of RB A C D B
2m
2m
2m
f AB f BB
f CB f BB
f DB f BB
f BB =1 f BB
53
2m
18 EI
2m
2m x
6 EI
72 EI 18 EI
Conjugate Beam
x EI x3 72 18 x + = Mx 6 EI EI EI
x2 2 EI
x
72 EI
Vx
x 3
2x 3
18 EI
54
x A C D B
f xB x3 72 18 x = M 'x = + 6 EI EI EI
2m
2m
2m
Point B 72/EI
x (m) 0
fxB
72 EI
37.33 EI
fxB / fBB 1
10.67/EI
37.33/EI 1
fBB fxB
0.518
10.67 EI
0.148
1 Influence line of RB
55
Example 2 For the beam shown (a) Draw the influence line for the shear at D for the beam (b) Draw the influence line for the bending moment at D for the beam EI is constant.Plot numerical values every 2 m.
A 2m
D 2m
B 2m
E 2m
56
2m
2m
2m
1 kN D 1 kN
f ED f DD
VD
57
2m
1 kN
2m
2m
2m
2 kNm 1 kN 1 kN 1 kN 2 kNm 2k 1 kN
1 kN
2 kN
1 kN
58
B 2kN 2m
Real beam 1 kN
2m
x (m)
Determine MD at D 4/EI A C 2m
8 m 3 16 3EI 8 3EI
Conjugate beam
MD D 2m 2m
B 2m 8/EI 4/EI 0
8/EI
8 m 3
4/EI
16 3EI
60
128/3EI
40 3EI
4/EI A
40 3EI
D 128/3EI 2m 2m
B 2m
E 2m
C
8 3EI
Conjugate beam
VDL
2/EI 128/3EI
40 3EI 2 3
MDR = (
VDR
4 2 2 8 = ( )( ) ( )(2) = ME EI EI 3 3EI
2/EI
2/EI
2 VE 3
8 3EI 61
4/EI A
40 3EI
D 128/3EI 2m 2m
B 2m
E 2m
C
8 3EI
Conjugate beam
V
16 3EI
2 3EI
8 3EI x (m)
40 3EI
34 3EI 52 3EI
x (m)
76 3EI 4 EI
0.406 =
52 128
B 1 kN m 2m 2m
2m
DD
MD
DD
f ED
63
A 1 kN m 2m
B 1 kN m 2m 2m
2m
0.5 kN
1 kN
0.5 kN
64
2m
x (m)
2m
2m
2m 4/EI
2m
2/EI 0
8 3EI
8 m 3
4/EI
8 m 3
32 3EI
4 3EI
2/EI
8 3EI
66
4 3EI
2m 1/EI
2m 1/EI MD = (
2m
2m
1 2 4 26 )( ) + ( )(2) = EI 3 EI 3EI
4 EI
2 VD 3
1/EI
2 1 2 4 = ( )( ) ( )(2) = ME EI EI 3 3EI
1/EI
VE
2 3
4 3 EI
67
32 3EI 2m
4 3EI 2m 2m
4 3EI x (m)
26/3EI fxD = M
26 = 0.813 32
xD
f xD
Example 3 Draw the influence line for the reactions at supports for the beam shown in the figure below. EI is constant.
A 5m
B 5m
C 5m
D 5m
E 5m
F 5m
69
fBD
fCD
fDD 1
fED
fFD
fXD
f BD f DD
f CD f DD
f DD = 1 f ED f DD f DD
f FD f DD
70
fGG ------(1)
x RG
G + fGGRG = 0
15
A 1
15 m
- Use conjugate beam for find G and fGG 30 Real beam Real beam G A
112.5 EI
G 1
f 'GG = M ' 'G = 9000 EI
15 m
30 m
15 EI
15 EI
450 EI
Conjugate beam
Conjugate beam
112.5/EI
20 m
450 71 EI
2812.5 9000 + RG = 0 EI EI
RG = 0.3125 kN ,
5.625 A 0.6875 1
G 0.3125
15 1 30 1 1
72
=
1
x RG = -0.3125 kN
Use the conjugate beam for find fXD fCD 5.625 fBD A
3@5 =15 m
fDD
fED
fFD
Real beam
3@5 =15 m
23.01 1 0.3125 EI 5.625 x2 6.818 m EI G Conjugate beam A 8.182 m 28.13 4.688 35.16 2 x1 0.6875 x1 EI 15.98 EI EI 2 EI 5.625 x1 0.6875 x12 x2 EI EI V2 5.625 (5.625-0.6875x1)/EI M2 G EI 2 2 A 5.625 x1 0.6875 x1 x1 0.3125 x2 x2 M1 0.3125x2 = ( ) ( ) 28.13 x1 EI 2 2 3 2 2 V1 EI 0.3125 x2 .6875 x1 2 x1 28.13 + ( ) + x2 = M ' x 2 2 EI 2 EI 3 EI
0.6875
x1 = 5 m -----> fBD = M1= 56/EI x1 = 10 m -----> fCD = M1= 166.7/EI x1 = 15 m -----> fDD = M1= 246.1/EI
x2 = 5 m -----> fFD = M2= 134.1/EI x2 = 10 m -----> fED = M2= 229.1/EI x2 = 15 m -----> fDD = M2= 246.1/EI
73
166.7 EI
fXD
1
246.1 166.7 229.2 134.1 56 246.1 246.1 246.1 246.1 246.1
fXD/fDD
0.228 0.677
74
fFG
fGG fXG 1
f GG =1 f GG
f FG f GG
f CG f GG
fXG/fGG 1
75
fDD
1
X RD
D + fDDRD = 0
------(2)
30
A 1
30 EI
- Use conjugate beam for find D and fDD 15 Real beam Real beam G A
30 m
G
15 m
450 EI
Conjugate beam 20 m
1
9000 EI
15 EI
15 m
112.5 EI
Conjugate beam 76
450/EI
15 + (2/3)(15)
M V
1.5 EI
112.5 EI
15 m
9000 EI
15 EI
112.5 EI
M V
450/EI
f DD = M ' ' =
'D = M ' =
1.5 30 1 15 1
2.5
x RD = -2.5 kN
77
Use the conjugate beam for find fXG 7.5 1.5 3@5 =15 m fBG fCG
75 EI
fEG 2.5
fFG
3@5 =15 m
15 EI
112.5 EI
fGG = MG = 1968.56/EI G
10 m Conjugate beam
A
7.5 EI 18.75 EI
168.75/EI
5m A
7.5 EI 18.75 EI
V1
M1 = f BG =
A 7.5 EI
18.75 EI
V2
x2 2 x3 x3 1968.56 168.75 ( )+ x3 =M 2 3 EI EI
2
fGG = MG = 1968.56/EI G
x V2 x
168.75/EI
x = 5 m -----> fFG = M= 1145.64/EI x = 10 m -----> fEG = M = 447.73/EI 1968.56 1145.64 447.73 EI EI EI fXG 62.5 125 1 EI EI 1145.64 1968.56 447.73 1968.56 1968.56 1968.56 fXG/fGG 125 62.5 1 1968.56 1968.56 1.0 0.582 0.227 Influence line for RG 79 -0.032 -0.064
+ Fy = 0 : RA = 1 RD RC
1 Unit load 0.228 0.678 1.0 0.929 0.542 Influence Line for RD 0.227 0.582 -0.032 -0.064 1.0 Influence line for RG
1.0
+ M A = 0 : 1x 15RD 30 RC
10
15
20
25
30 1x
0.228 0.678
81