Exam Name___________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE.

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1)

What theory states that all living things are compos ed of cells?

1)

______ _ A )

e Hoke's n v o rule ar o y l th u e tor iy o

cell theory D)

Mendel's law E)

law of 2)

thermodynamics

What type of microsc ope would be best for studyin g the detailed structur e of the surface of a plasma membr ane?

2)

______ _ A )

t e l micro rle i scope a g using ct n h living ro sn t cells m m i ic sro ssc io o p n e

light D)

microscope using dead whole cells

scanning E)

electron microscope

both a light 3)

microscope and an electron microscope

The two basic types of cells are ______ and ______.

3)

______ _ A )

p n ve . . . c r. . e muscl o re . k e a u rk y ar o y tot i ic

plant . . . D)

animal

bacterial . . . protist E)

bacterial . . . 4)

animal

When using a light microsc ope to view a cell you obtaine d from scrapin g under your fingerna ils, you notice that the cell lacks a nucleus ; therefor e, you conclud e that the cell must be a type of ______ cell.

4)

______ _ A )

e animal ry u ot k ic a

fungal D)

plant E)

prokaryotic 5)

One differen ce betwee n eukaryo tic and prokary otic cells is that eukaryo tic cells ______ prokary otic cells.

5)

______ _ A )

l m h lasma a a memb pl ce v rane, k e which xi ty is ts a lackin h e g in e p e n cin o

have D)

membrane-bound organelles, which are lacking in

have DNA, E)

which is lacking in

have a 6)

nucleoid region, which is lacking in

In eukaryo tic cells, what name is given to the region betwee n the nucleus and the plasma membr ane?

6)

______ _ A )

cpl c loropl y h ast a ts o m

nucleoid D)

gene E)

phospholipid 7)

bilayer

You find a cell of a type you have never seen before. The cell has both a nucleus and a cell wall. Therefo re, you conclud e that it must be a ______ cell.

7)

______ _ A )

l v b cterial i er a

prokaryotic D)

animal E)

plant 8)

Which of the followin g is a function of the plasma membr ane?

8)

______ _ A )

l y p tein i nt r synth p o esis h ie d si s s

digestion of D)

organic materials inside the cell

control center of the cell E)

regulation of 9)

the passage of material into and out of the cell

______ are the major lipids of plasma membr anes.

9)

______ _ A )

S P ospho ro tid h lipids e s

Mosaics D)

Membrane E)

proteins

Fatty acids 10)

When mixed with water, phosph olipids spontan eously form membr anes because they ______.

10)

______ A )

a fl hsphat rui a e ed v grou an e ps b d that om hare tos y attra h dcted aic r to o water pand hhydr i opho l bic i fatty c acid tails pthat havoid o water

have hydrophilic

D)

fatty acid tails that are attracted to water and hydrophobic phosphate groups that avoid water

have E)

hydrophilic heads that are attracted to their hydrophobic tails

are lipids 11)

The concept of a membr ane as a fluid mosaic reflects the ability of ______.

11)

______ A )

p nto rot h udrift ei ons c into sto l and p e out dri h o of ft oab t the l ou i mem i t dbran p ee in i th s struc d e ture spl an ae n of d th e m m oe sm tbr an p e

most proteins but not phospholipids to drift about in the plane of the membrane D)

carbohydrates to drift into and out of the membrane structure E)

phospholipids but not proteins to drift about in the plane of the membrane 12)

The extracel lular coats of cells ______.

12)

______ A )

p a a ly rnd r sites osu e of tpp dead eort pmatt ccelr er tls i and m wast ae r mate i rials

provide D)

avenues for the exchange of DNA

are E)

warehouses for the storage of extra lipids and carbohydrates

none of the 13)

above

______ store the informa tion necessa ry to produce proteins .

13)

______ A )

Lso Cbohy ym a drate ses r s o

Genes D)

Ribosomes E)

Phospholipids 14)

The nuclear envelop e is compos ed of ______.

14)

______ A )

coh c roma ayd htin rrat b es

a double D)

membrane

DNA E)

genes 15)

The structur al combin ation of DNA and protein forms ______.

15)

______ A )

n r boso eo u i mes pl cas lm

chromatin D)

nucleoli E)

ATP 16)

Most human cells contain ______ chromo somes.

16)

______ A )

36

B)

C)

46

D)

23

E) 1 8 17)

What name is given to the organell e that manufa ctures the compon ents of ribosom es?

17)

______ A )

n c topla cle u y sm us

nucleolus D)

endoplasmic reticulum E)

chromosome 18)

Many antibioti c drugs are effectiv e against bacteria without hurting humans because the antibioti cs rely upon differen ces in the structur e of human and bacteria l ______.

18)

______ A )

rso c bohy i m a drate b rs es o

chromosomes D)

lysosomes E)

mitochondria 19)

Where does protein synthesi s take place?

19)

______ A )

i he o ribos n nomes nu cle tus

in the Golgi D)

apparatus

on smooth E)

endoplasmic reticulum

in the 20)

nucleolus

Informa tion is transfer red from the nucleus to ribosom es via ______.

20)

______ A )

D r endo NA o plas umic gretic hulum

smooth D)

endoplasmic reticulum

phospholipids E)

mRNA 21)

The endome mbrane system includes ______.

21)

______ A )

G Gs, m oes,o ribos l rib l omes g g, os i o i vacu m a oles, aes,pand p pthe an p a endo d ath r plas re a mic aen t retic tdo uulum u pl sas , mi c l ret yic sul ou sm o

ribosomes, D)

lysosomes, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi E)

apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi 22)

apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and ribosomes

A hormon e that will be secrete d from the cell is manufa ctured by ribosom es _____.

22)

______ A )

ath i de te nthe tpl s nucle aas i us cm h a em d e m tbr oan e

attached to D)

the endoplasmic reticulum

attached to E)

the Golgi apparatus

none of the 23)

above

Based on its function in detoxify ing drugs, you would expect to find a large amount of smooth ER in ______ cells.

23)

______ A )

muscle

B)

brain

C)

intestinal

D)

lung

E) li v r 24)

Functio ns of the smooth endopla smic reticulu m include ______.

24)

______ A )

l rot s thesi i ei t s, p e prote n i sy r in d o synth nt he i esis, ssis dand y, drug n s detox an td y ificati h non dr eug sde i to sxif , ica tio p n

lipid synthesis, steroid synthesis, and drug detoxification D)

lipid synthesis, steroid synthesis, and protein synthesis E)

lipid synthesis, steroid synthesis, protein synthesis, and drug detoxification 25)

What structur es move proteins from the ER to the Golgi apparat us?

25)

______ A )

n t sport le u r vesicl ol cus a es n

nucleosomes D)

ribosomes E)

lysosomes 26)

Which of the followin g is a function of the Golgi apparat us?

26)

______ A )

d pein rg i an r modif g o icatio ic em t n satt ter i ins oid n e th oe f cel l o

protection and support of the cell D)

drug E)

detoxification

protein 27)

synthesis

Which of the followin g parts of a cell is (are) most like the shippin g center of a compan y?

27)

______ A )

tlgi c loropl h hasts ap epa rat G us o

the nucleolus D)

the E)

endoplasmic reticulum

mitochondria 28)

Lysoso mes are respons ible for ______.

28)

______ A )

p ptein sy h r synth nt ohe o esis tsis o

digestion of D)

organic matter inside the cell

cellular E)

respiration

lipid synthesis 29)

If a cell's lysosom es burst, the cell would ______.

29)

______ A )

sriv dde h i into el v two i cells

become D)

flaccid

need to E)

manufacture more lysosomes

digest itself 30)

TaySachs disease results from ______ lacking a specific type of lipiddigestin g enzyme .

30)

______ A )

m t Golgi ch i on happa tdri e ratus oa

the D)

endoplasmic reticulum

lysosomes E)

the plasma 31)

membrane

Vacuole s are ______.

31)

______ A )

m c sed an eou o of m m s micro b ptubul sa rcs o es

manufactured by ribosomes D)

found only in plant cells E)

composed of 32)

protein

A protist that contain s contract ile vacuole s most likely lives ______.

32)

______ A )

i in i fresh n nwater e en avir on m m aen rt

on land D)

in ice E)

within the 33)

cells of another organism

In plant cells, ______ may contain organic nutrient s, pigment s, and poisons.

33)

______ A )

rso l soso i m y mes b es o

chloroplasts D)

mitochondria E)

central 34)

vacuoles

Plant cells, unlike animal cells, are charact erized by the presenc e of a ______.

34)

______ A )

n a c ll and u e centr nd ccell al l l l vacu ewawole u a ll s

cell wall and contractile vacuole D)

nucleus and E)

contractile vacuole

cell wall and 35)

ribosomes

Similar to the nucleus, chloropl asts and mitocho ndria are ______.

35)

______ A )

a sys nded b uby nt l he r two esiz r mem e o bran tlip ues oids

not D)

surrounded by membrane

green E)

manufactured by the nucleolus 36)

Which organell e is respons ible for photosy nthesis?

36)

______ A )

sop m ocho m i ndrio las omi t n oc tret h ic ul eu n m d

nucleolus D)

chloroplast E)

ribosome 37)

Cellular respirati on can be describ ed as the convers ion of the energy ______.

37)

______ A )

sTP o t to tto f ener oen gy rer s store egy ud in d ninorg us ed l anic i to i comp n gound do wohs A rk

stored in ATP to energy stored in food molecules D)

stored in food molecules to energy stored in ATP E)

of sunlight to 38)

energy stored in organic compounds

Which of the followin g is an adaptati on to increas e the surface area of a part of a cell that is involve d in cellular respirati on?

38)

______ A )

ta t ndopl h hasmi of ea e c ch retic slor e ulum top rlas ot m

the outer D)

membrane of a chloroplast

the grana of a chloroplast E)

the cristae of 39)

a mitochondrion

Microtu bules are associat ed with ______.

39)

______ A )

f ge c moso l lla hme a r move o ment

cilia D)

cell shape E)

all of the 40)

above

Tobacco smoker s (and those expose d to tobacco smoke) are at greater risk of an ectopic (tubal) pregnan cy. Based on your underst anding of the structur es of the cytoskel eton, what is the best explana tion?

40)

______ A )

Tof T cilia oox o to b bgrow yg aen a to be cto c very cth c long oe o and ut block i er c move n a ment us t, uthrou eth s gh rer e the f eb s fallop ey ian rfor t tubes eci h. sng e th w e i zy tgo h te to tim h pl ean t tin ra afal n lo spi f an etu rbe .

Tobacco D)

smokers tend to get pregnant when they are younger.

Tobacco E)

interferes with the functioning of the flagella propelling sperm.

Tobacco the sweeping motion of cilia that aids in the movement of the egg toward the uterus. interferes with 41)

Examin e the followin g photogr aphs. Which of the techniq ues reveal internal cellular detail?

41)

______ A )

l a t elect i nd r ron g a micro tra h ngrap ns tmi s h and ssi m scan m i ning on i el s electr cec s on rtro i micro on o grap g nh mi rcr aog p ra h ph

light D)

micrograph and scanning electron micrograph

all three E)

micrographs

none of the 42)

micrographs

Examin e the structur es of the plant and animal cells below. Which of the followin g organell es connect (s) to the nuclear envelop e?

42)

______ A )

tlas m tocho h i ndria mi ec ret eic n ul d u om p

the Golgi D)

apparatus

the plasma E)

membrane

lysosomes 43)

The figure below shows a Parame cium, a singlecelled freshwa ter protist. The hairlike structur es visible on the Parame cium allow it to move. These structur es are ______.

43)

______ A )

i iat m rofila n i ment e tfil c s ea rm m en ets d

flagella D)

membrane E)

proteins

cilia 44)

The child shown in the figure below is not feeling well. Why does the poster say "No Antibioti cs Please" ?

44)

______ A )

H Hlness s i is i is sca s caus us ed by i ed i bacte l by l ria. la n vir eus s.

Antibiotics will make him more sick. D)

His illness is E)

caused by penicillin.

Antibiotics

should be taken only to promote growth.

Read the following scenario to answer the following question(s). The earliest cells detectable in fossils were different from the cells in animals, plants, fungi, and protists living today. These first prokaryotic cells gave rise to eukaryotic cells approximately 1.7 billion years ago. The structure of eukaryotic cells today suggests how they might have evolved from their prokaryotic ancestors. Scientists examining mitochondria and chloroplasts now think that these organelles were probably free-living prokaryotes before becoming a part of eukaryotic cells long ago. 45)

What evidenc e suggest s that mitocho ndria might have evolved before chloropl asts?

45)

______ A )

M A surr o i m ound teti ds om o mitoc ces uhond h bria, di ovi l and a n e singl de d to e rpr m mem i od e bran auc m e e bsurro cch r unds alor a chlor n noplas op las e ts. sts.

Only D)

mitochondria have their own DNA.

Some E)

mitochondria have chloroplasts inside of them.

Almost all 46)

eukaryotes have mitochondria but only some cells have chloroplasts.

Which of the followin g is a charact eristic of chloropl asts that suggest s that they might have evolved from freeliving bacteria ?

46)

______ A )

C Aly ts h do folde l no s d ot i plas rpr nma ood gmem p l bran uc l e ee aAT , surro sP. hunds i chlor goplas hts.

Chloroplasts have their own DNA. D)

Chloroplasts E)

contain pigments.

Chloroplasts 47)

have cell walls.

Which of the followin g is a charact eristic of mitocho ndria that suggest s that they might have evolved from freeliving bacteria ?

47)

______ A )

M M ia hond i ha i ria tve t have oth o cell ceir c walls. h ow on n D d NA r.

The plasma a mitochondrion, forming the surface of this organelle, is the site of many important steps membrane of of cellular respiration. D)

Mitochondria rely upon proteins as their source of energy. E)

Mitochondria

produce sugars through the process of photosynthesis.

1)

C 2)

D 3)

A 4)

E 5)

C 6)

A 7)

E 8)

E 9)

B 10)

B 11)

A 12)

A 13)

C 14)

C 15)

C 16)

C 17)

C 18)

A 19)

B 20)

E 21)

D 22)

C 23)

E 24)

C 25)

B 26)

B 27)

A 28)

C 29)

E 30)

D 31)

A 32)

B 33)

E 34)

B 35)

B 36)

D 37)

D 38)

E 39)

E 40)

E 41)

A 42)

A 43)

E 44)

A 45)

E 46)

C 47)