eeCG G

jQS QdG QdG QJ M d

fCG edG dGh MOdG Hg edG dGh MOdG Q CG

2013 T - Y dG OdG
H

5.glG{H+gH+I5++1FI

OdG c
kI7+MH+LkhH+-5oH+

e d G GNG SG j
zbS{ e hflh IjY DhJ fJh
j G jdG jg j e dh .d
,G GNG UNh eSG G G
fG e U G JGOb UJ G
G dG Hh ,d S zdG{
J G dG eh eYGh
N e GfG d ,IjL eM
g YLGh ObG fa SQG
YLG dG e bj Gdf efH
gGdG GQdG e dG c dG
Je LdG HdG fGh .IGh
c .SdG jGh ICGG M U Y
j SdG SG G
C G Y fG
e M a ,a Ta e JW
dh ,dP Y dO jgd bh b e
GOb RHG e MGh ZG g ,gG G
H T adG fJ jOGdG QdG
.TdG jG Y T 6 j
SQ Y OQGG jG T ,jQS
LG g hG ,jQdG VQG f U Y eg KM G dG e hG dG T
jOhfi ZQ , gTGh IdG L IYO h
.cG dG f e QGG hd d MW eN OYGh 2 jf L dG g
G UNh ,eSG dhO ebG G ,gPf
he QGH NG g dW dG WdG FG FQ G Pe dG IQOe g dG Gh
edGh dG GY b N e HG
,dG JJh T Ife e j hG bj G e c H aj G bd .dG e
dZ fGOG dG ,dG adG e
GQOe Gg Y a .dd J fG YJ IQOe G Ifeh dG ,QhH ,j Gg dh
i
SG c a .QdG GG fe
VfG Y IQdG dG gd aJ G :ddG hd eY e J Q ,ff Lh e ,j
NCHh ,FH hG Y dWG NCd aJ Gh ,QJcdG dG SG LG e Jfh Mc jG IQdG jd dP hG dG Gg eN
.edGh ITG e j h dG dG dd SG e QG d G J G GgCH GdG g H gb hG bdG W d
edG idG g a ,edG dG IQdG
dG IQOe G Qa e , zba J{ G GYJ fG Pe dGh dG g JQOe QJ
edG S h jdG jRGLdG ZQ Y VGh H J G ,FdG ge c e ,G IQdG GgC f JSQh fH J
IQdG dh edG e Od FdG dG eN dG dG e Y aj M OjEH ,e
j .jQdG dG dG dh
dG bah FL J b IQhV J UG jRGLdG a ,e gOJ UG dG
.fGOGh a ,IMGh h ,OOdG
hdG jGh dG AM d Yj e UG Ggh .YLG dh SdG dG Y j ,QJcdG
jOdG Y j LG e IQdG eb
.dG IQdG QfH Zj adG ch ,QdG d bGU YJ dG
,YLG dGdGh IGhGh edG jGh
SG e YLGh SdG jdG e J GQOe Gd aQ Y f fEa ,dG GH
S SdG idGh OGaCa .NG AT h
. QfG jW Y ,dG GG jJ gJ h ,dG IQd
, gh VQG Y H Jh d YJ e Y
d IhdGh dG c
.AdG ed hJ e dh
2013/2/10 eO - jQS QdG QdG QJ

2 dG - 2013bc~7x~{<bjD*2vD*EbE&**

M eL dG V AGYG
H AjHCG WGG GY a S GO
m j EG M eL d hCG eG dG
UJ Yh ^eG jd NG IQdG c QGhO b jQfG M KEG ,MLh AGT
eG jG a fc QdG G S e IFW CH We QOe cCG ,KOG
e j jQGM fdH eJh jG T jR H M Y IOe jL W N H
f ,Teh me Hh jc jQfG U gKG hO ,aJ b dG jQGG jQGdG
.JfeG e dG hN AKCG IQdG c QGhO Y ,eG GdG b
IY bh EG aVEG e GdG OSGh dG e HUEG GQfG Jh
G H AGdG OY CH Y OT cCGh ,eG dG G MRdG H jV
jdG G e OY EG f kGT 80 `dG Rhj ,KOG e ghCGQ dG IG ATCGh
H KOG bh H SG Md eG e CH UN QOe cCG M ,bG e
.WCG H L /17/ e cCG YS f
HdG dG GMdG e jc QeOh GN hM Y eGLEG dG SCG c
GQdG e c OY eH J c , G M Ic FGM EG aVEG eG jd
.edH bGMGh G IOLG
QdG QdG QJ
jhOCG Kh , % 20 H k M d eb dG
SJ Y f Gf h ,jG e e eb
.zJfeEG
QSG N e FdG AfG CG Hh
q
dG gh ,e j YLG dG
,jYdG d G FdG EG UdG e
cG AYCG C ,e G SCG Mh
gCG{h ,e G AHCG e g SSCG
.zFGa `H iQOCG e
,ReH HT L zJ U{ IQOe
gh AYCH dG ADg Vf
dGh dG Y JQb GhSa ,
iMEG IQOG g fa ,jdhCG JJh
e c INCG J dh ,Y QK
,jG e e kGae H dGh GHEG
dG ffEG eGdG MEG LC dGh
.IQdG LC eb
jCG J e AdGh dG IQOe
eh FSdG fl N e YdG f
YdH oJ dGh ,dTCG aH GQG
k SS dEG YJ e RHCGh ,SdGh ,G
Fc IYOh ,fG dhdG ebEG de jJ
dG e d dPh ,Md G G
eGSH j AGQh k ej JJ dG jOGh jdG
.G Wh
dG M

FdG d dGh AGd G

QdG QdG AGT e

jQdG IQdG
dG YQO dGe e jRHG RQ QH
gc Hh Gdh d he 1971\12\27
jdG dG FGhG e c SOdG dH
c ,GgG H gSh ,jH GhOf
bh .dG e OY H Uh c Y
c M dG G dG adG gS
G GG G G e j
Gb LG AKG SGh .YQO dG
2011\4\29 YQO j jQJcdG
HG FGd OGh G

...IG jQd PCH QOJ e

EG- YdG dG dG H Mh
U{ SG d NG dGh -dG U
SG IQOG g e j ,zJ
IQOG EG zUdG eR{ `d Y dG M
,Y K e hCG Me dCJ
fl e AWCG S J Y ch
MG CG CG ,FY Nh ,UNG
150 h , k Ye k W 12 Y J hCG
.Ie FY
N IQOG g Y FdG CH Hjh
fl e AWCG e GhbJ ,UTCG
Fd eG eGh ,UNG
jJ J Y jdG jh ,edH f
FdG jRJ j jdG Hh ,T
AWCG id MORG Y d AWCG Y
dG Fd jYdG J NCJ Yh ,L e
.iNCG L e gQNG
FGH iQOCG e gCG
AWCG jhH b ch{ Y dG jh
ddG iMEG e aU j W U`H

jQdG IQdG eJ dG PdG RHCG e d

Y kGH fhDT IQGOEG jQdG IQb M
je ,dG dGh jQMG
gQOZ dGh ,(T T ) M jH e
ICa NCG eQ jCG hCG a dG UY
GYSG gAHCG CG EG ,GSG J jHh
,dG e Mh dhdG SDe eEG
jG IGh SDGh FGhdG GJ h
CG gh CG ,MGh H ,fc c Ie
.zQGMCG{ a SdG
zJ U{
bdG J
q M ,MdG jG Aa h
N BG gOY) dG e Y SCq G
AdGh dG cMzY GWCG cM (k T
WEG Y j HT g h ,ze
g eh ,G e J GQOe
,jG QGT G S Y GQOG
EG ,jdG dCG jRJh ,MVCG heh
dG M cG eb dG GQOG RHCG CG
.YdG dG dG H g

3 dG - 2013bc~7x~{<bjD*2vD*EbE&**
SS GeCG J Ge HQCG e cCG jG
H b e Whe jY GYe hCG
UJ M k M q JCS) IQdG G
H Fah fl cS a VG Gg
HG WCG H b e k fMCG jeBJh
(VQG Y
q -8
RL G d jcG IOdG T
Y eh MRdG j fi WT
LGJ CG hO hDGh NGh bdG
SQ jG WT Jh ,eGLCG Hd
G H CG hO QhdG Gg
UN Y G q c ,Gh
h ,Jjfi ach jG FdG Sbh
aGH K hCG Je iS eM EG NdG j
.EG d dG AGL VfCG aQ
fEG ,k f k jJ hCG AGdG k ec d Gg
dG UdH VQCG Y OLe S
ac Y j CG f ij Ph JcP
OGeG Y G G d VG WG
..jQdG WQG
jQR ae
G NCj CG IQh``V Y dG OJh
cCG jQdG WG UN QYH
e AT VQj e gh ,Jf YJ
.dG JQK Ieh GgCG
EG G L Yf G dG fEG
fL Qe EG QG``G ``Yh dG V
TJh ,JfeEGh bh Qgh dHCG GhQCG IQNh
ce dG SE bdG c M JGOb
j h IQdG j e gh eO G
.dW dG Jfe T Y jh aGgCG
eGdG IQd dG h FGd G
jQS G dG
2013 1 30
QH f SG ag W IQOG g e fCG
N OCG gYh AedG S jGh SCG
jdG Yh AGdG AeO Y H dG
f f fQhH f c X CG H
G H , SdG GQOG e f fG
aGgG J hG dG IQd AJ
SG Y a J GQOe Gg fc GPGh
MdG ReQ L MQh TdG dG Gg
AGdG GhQC
...dG JQd dGh
HCG IM jQS TY
.Q fi

..jQGO OU eGY

dG dG ij P

J IOe Fc hCG ib jCG Lj -4

d jcG IOdG dM bh ,jQGO NGO
ZQ G g e NO Ge IY G
AGfG Y WTGh ,Yd SG LM
LGdH d d S edG
.dGh
G G Fch Je Y k JH k e -5
G IQdG Y Z jGQ jCG PJG hCG Y CG aQ
.Y
L Je eOBG fG k JH k e -6
q
e dG
Yh ,H dG hCG ,SCG
Y QdG WEG b j JUfih
iSCc YGW fCG d e VhdG
SEGh e fG Y h eCG V e
.GG G gML
G G aQ Yd SG LM ZQ -7

G Y dG cdG H dEG
e fCH GMGh GfQb fCGh ,jQGO G
:IQG jdG WG e gZ j e
G G Fc Wfh c ac -1
G fG IOdG e edG dH J
.jQGOEG d Jh ,jd G H
ac H J
MGh e hU Lj -2
q
jh ,jG EG J dG GYGh YdG
Jh hdG Gg Y GTEH G G
j NBG AGh Fd YdG e kGAL
edG GYG jRJ h KZEG Y jd
.jG jUG dG Y
IOb J JG FdG ac -3
dG MCG C j h ,jce jY
JG e kGOe dG
hCG QWEG Gg QN
q
.jG j aGJ dG FdGh

IQdH Ie dG SCGQ GMCG

.FHCG WGdG IjG jQS AH

SCGQ je SDG G``MCG QGSG eh
G dG iJ (fc S) dG
Y VGh TDe G``MCG g CG jQS
IQdG AG``YCG EG J G````LCGh NJ
bdG e QG jQdG WdG Y Lj
.a
dG fe H T e dG YQR e EG
d IQdG AL OY HQCG N QdG
,J dh G``G dh H

jdGh dG gT jQdG IQdG H e

dG V FGL FdG dG QGSGh
dH h,OLh JGFWh JHHH dH FdG
YLG f Hh ,eG JLCG Y H
jEd c H Yh ,IjY TCH WdGh
M dhfih dG QRh jQdG fG H
ReH dG SE eGdG gQe Y IQdG
OdG dG c ,OG b dG fHh
,ac JH IQdG k jT jQS
hdGh JQK GgCG M Sh

zIQd PfG CG IQdG O fN G Pe IQOe g{

dG bdG f IQOG g hN if
WdG S QGG IQOe SCG H W
G dG H J SCG IQOe dh
jdG IH iOhCG dG dGh eG
d jJ Y Pe dG Y QhH .AGdG e
Yh dG jCGQ Y EG J IQOG g CH
U e GOfCG e Fg c H f M
Y EG J IQOG g dG YG h VQG
.H a VQG J
H j fH IQdG J OG QUG GNCG

WGJh JQH dG hdG g X

FCG FQ Y N gG HdG G
Y gYG IQO G Pe dG WdG
IQdG a Gb dh ffCG aGHh f M
160 G``S ``WCG gGa IQOe b c
CGdGh jdG dG jCGh e dCG
G e hdG gCGQ IQOe VhdG
aQ bdG f gCGh dG J
IQOG g QG VQG e c b
.WCG Jb e QGG aj fG M

4 dG - 2013bc~7x~{<bjD*2vD*EbE&**

QdG Y J .Ie OGM J EG

,AMG gGh T e ,T jM
ehGh e BGh cG j
YSG jQJh ,jQS G dG
.dG HY Y M J CG
SCG Id ,e FGdG HdG J
fCGh ,VdG QGSG Gj WGG CG e
J dG CG c .WT hH f CG
H dh ,GQa WdG IOYEG Y a YH
cCdG Y dG G UM c .gX
GYdG c Y VdG h ,WdG IOY Y
ehGh e dG dG Ia d
aJ M Jh ,jQS G dG
.d J Ua dch ,fG jG
a ,d dG LdG J dG a
d ,QG Y de Z ,jH S
GL e ,cG d IGOCG J d dH
h ,GgG H J a ,YCG LQh
.WGG jJ J dh ,eYG

M fi

2011 fj 14

QSG aQ j GPa hT H c GPEa

SS J GPh.. ?FGdG IOjRh
QGUG AGQh dG g eh ?eG N
YLGh dG eCdG fb j Y
dG IM i Te H Gj jdG
Y iS j idG iQdG Y dG
. G dG e H 7

zjRGe eCG Ib{ J g dHh ,BGh

dh ,zeCG{gh G QhdH J
g j ,cGTG G a .zdG{
jM ZCG J M a Id MG
dG jH H J dG adG V f
jGh ddG YCa .G V dG
dG H j CG cGTG G
FeR e jH Gj jdG ,jOdG
f jh QaCG f GcQj ,dG
OG Y QJ CG dh ,IG
j ,dG QL Y fH WdGh
eh e Y WdGh OG j CG
.hdH QhdH GH ej jOY
WdGh G GdG jj CG e k Hh
jW Y JQGOEG S dG e IU Y
.zITe e { dG QL e
dc hj ,dfe c jb Id
jGHh e jj 29 j e dh ,feQh
,WdG fG CG Hh ,jQS 2012 Y
HH AMCG Le K ,jG GYh ,Gb
J SGh YTEG M e ,dGh eCG

cGTG AH dCG

WdGh cGTG

dG G CGH CG e dhdG RL X
IOS ,efih M ,W EG j
dhdG Xh eh .Th e ,Yh
,Yhe dd dGh jdGh fdG LQ
EGh ,eh e Ib EG LMG a
ad WdG fJ d .eh S
cG d GQP d dh ,eCGh eCG
WdG OGaCG c d Mh ,e Jh
H Jj fEa ,cG dG d j
.gQhO H
Hh AKCG ,cGTG Qj GP e dh
LM H G S g ,cGTG IQdG
?e Id
Vh cG fCG V dG N
aL eh e Ib e ,IOG IQdG
AMCG j SGM J ,dG

.. jhdG f j
OGSGh jdGh

jdGh QaEG ehe e dG h

ffb Yhe GQOG e Lj.. jhdGh
J j GPeh ...J jgL IOS
jdG jG e G jMh gdG
dG jRh e OTQEG e e iOb
Jh GVEG jU GOH j
GNG Lh dhfi iS G
.gdG
Yj dP c Hh ,G aG
fG fC Se j dG j d
J Y a ZCG K Y hRj fEG
fCG HQ dG jGh dG LCG e QKh
. Sh b Y jQG HfEG FGhdG
dG j d ...G W Y eMh jRH JCG dG NCG eG J dh
j C OGSG Yh ,AGdG CG b fC CG jCG VH c dG IQGRd GNEG e
Sh d UdG LCG e gZ CG dhj a Qe N Y hj GNEG
fG Se j dG Z fG.. JQK hOj bdG f h GUCG AGT
jOe c G jj 25 h QGGh cCG M hdG dG hU e VhdG
. jb Xd GZ EGh jdG e VhdG eb j fCG jG jRdG
h VdG Y G LCG e dG hU
Vb CG dH dG dG e Se j
jQdG cGTG
. hT H hdG
2013-1-8

iNCG Ie cDd NCG iQGRdG dG AL

S ObGh SdG SaG ie Y
gG dW a.G GNEG YLh
dG AMCGh fGh jOG df Y
Jh ,TdG jb g eH MWEH
EG J IjL SS J jQK eM
.ffG eGdGh jGh dG IQK SG
J dG dG dG EG RJ eM
gG C Ld..G QSG JQG ICWh
GNEG YL Se Y AL eM H
. dH G
G HfG jhJ eM hCG g
e AGQRh J bdG Gg j GPa..
EG..? e jdG IQGRd G GNG
FH dhfi Ia gL dSG dhfi

5 dG - 2013bc~7x~{<bjD*2vD*EbE&**

d V jG :bCG S Y
G SCGQh dGh GNEG

dG hdG e Vhe dM eG
dO dH d ,jdG bJG jJ LCG e
.dG dG Y jM jR Y GjL
GQGSG VG dG T NBG fG Yh
e UQ X ,d kGjh jQdG hd
H hGJ YLG MG BG HQCG Qj
RMGh H eYGh HGVEGh bdG
QT SG V d NU dG
Fd AWCG e ah e 70 e cCG H
Y GVEG ch ,FG Yd dG dG
FH MWEG FL dG ,fCG he
CG dG SG QhdG Y dO ,dG
cT Y V c ,IQdG dG j
k e d Wbh HfG
dG IQb Y
LQ ZEG LGe JGP JcT IQGOEG Y
dG e e d f YCG
.fjO OGSh
H b j GNEG f CG e fcCJ eh
G Z CG EG ,Qe SS Y dH
cG IQdG IOb Y IQOdG jQdG
,G dG g dfi eOdG YLG
dG H CNCG WdG PfEG L IOa
YLG gRfG hGh aU EG
j dG Y gN h IQdG V SSh
.GNEG N Y
LCG e d H QdG dG Yf Gd
jQdG ch e cQGh ,aU J
IQdG GgCG J M jQK L AH
eGdGh YLG dGdGh jGh dG
QGdGh AMCGh fG J ,ffEG
JjdhCG SCGQ Y Jh G HdGh
Ohfih AGdG e jd YLG dG
ch XGh MdG AGah dG e NdG
Sh Q GMWCG jdG LCH edG
.jW Y j f CH

gH GhK e NdG Ohfih AGdG e

M Zh QSCG AZ Qf jd HG
Gad H ,dGh dGh dGh dG
b a eEG GNEG d K JM
de ce VfCG hCG GQdG
dG HGW hCG dG cG bZ hCG
.RLJdGh QdGh
b dG AGd UdG HhcCG fGh
fe EG J a ,bQ gAeO CG Se
g IOYEGh J g h ,HfG jYd
dGh dG j GRL Od NGdG
jdG SDG IS bJ h .VQH
jUdG IjL gCG g gh ,OdG Y
cd djh VGQCG G Gb
eG dGh YEG eCG .jdG
H ,JGREGh cG bH Oa
PdG Y GU AdG d dG j
IhdGh dG c ..HGh AGd G G j c ,dG FdG Ah d
d Y Qj h .GNEG e H jOH
.IQdGh WdG AcT bCd eJG c
jQdG cGTG
NJ ,FGSEG FdG We e Hh
2012 jj 25

dG G dG IQd fdG icdG

H dCGh HYh dG SCGQ SCG dG
IH d BG M e SGh ,dG
Y dG G h Ta eM
Se H Rd j HfG AGLEGh MdG
CG Hh ,dG T LGe EG ,GNEGh
.IQdG GgCH dG H jG GYN
LdG Xh bCG S Y e bCG Hh
b H Y GC H dG GNEG d G
j dG e ddGh dG G
jQWGeEG e He dG Sc
.Hbd YN Yh jObG
YCG LQ e dd GNEG f QSh
,Gd e GhK Gf jdG Qe f
f d dG hU MCG QGh
WdG N :dG Hh G efH
UCG Qe L Uh Y MC jH
e H b eh eSEG U
H e H GNEG eh ,fLCG
.WdG G
jG je eM g dG HdGh

6 dG - 2013bc~7x~{<bjD*2vD*EbE&**

,jdG dG e QGG
NCj eh H JCj e

G IOdG LQ e b Z Y a
W c ,dH jdG hCG ,HG
IM J hCG ,dG M IOjRh AdG
VQG GYEG Fa H dG dG
Y faG dG M J hCG ,QGdG
QGG dEG J M ,jOdG Y
hCG ,e f d FG QGdGh
QXE dhc ,jdG dG K J
M SJh,ed FG Z bS L
FXdG IG UG ceCG EG NdG
DadG e k j T AGLEc ,eG
WdG afl ,QGUEH j GdGRe e H
.WGe:GSEG AKCG
dc ,MGe c dG Xh

jQdG Y Y dG SdG dGh

RG QhdG e H bEG .JGQeh WdG
Ie gHh FdG eCG-HG IdH
e j CG j ,QGG EG ,WdG hdG e
h ,JGReEGh ahX Jh d H ,CGj
,zJJ{h jQdG gQhH IOTEG e SCH
IeG HSEG dG dG MhQh
dG QdG S Y S dG jdG
.QGH
eh F a J CG h
M OYCH MEG hCG Wh Le H ,ee
d ,FdH FGdG IOdG hCG ,Fd dG
IQhV Y ,WdG ALdG e H fPCG
Vj hCG dG H SGj dG dG

NCj eh H JCj e,jdG dG e QGG

,f dCe ,jCG e j dCG J
IQY gh,SdG dG e QGG Ia
,cCG fi Ta H jY W Y
.SdG dG GQhV e,IOfi hT
VQG Y eGH Y k dhCG k ag QGG c
QGG ,jG dG jGH e,WGbdG
GQhVh,SdG RCG e hG jH
k YCG k fEGh ,WGbO a EG fEG
EG IG f eCG EG J ,Wh e e
.jdG TdG MEG QKBG jH
L OH ,jdG dG S d
J h ,HdGh HG dG e LCG
hdG Y ,e e CG OjE

7 dG - 2013bc~7x~{<bjD*2vD*EbE&**

k eY N Nh jQS gY LQd
,eY ffb YT ah e AH Y
cGh adG MCGh QGdG fb QN
-SS GQWEG e gGSh ...FSEG
hT j jdG edG Gg gh ,bM
CG ,SdG-dG YT AH e
,eBG gQY hO j jQJ ASEG g
dH MEGh WGbO YT fE
d jdG G g CG ,BG SdG
.zQGdG fGb jRGLQH{ ,e G
Qh VG SdG dG c,f
FSH J dh QGd JCJ dh ,eOdG
kGM e Y N ,e S dGh ,S
G AdG SEG ,aG IQhdG e ,k Fe
g .SdG d QXEGh ,VH jDhd Y
GP ,IAGH hdG Ad ,eR Ua
GP ,QdG HG dG DhJ ?Gg j
dG G c g IdG g J
g ,G S Y Gdg ,g J
k e SG H
OJ jdG Y ZCG gh ,
?YV h G
j H,j Gg j dG e
b R aEH ,dG Yj hCG ,hNBG
.j e j dG f ,G S Y
,JGdG eGdG b e dG h
eCG JGSEd bH QKBG e h
idG Y ,dGh G SdGh HGh
IdG QXEG IHG e .bGdG e YG
ScCc dG eJ dG dG c Y
,dG VfEG Lh ,jQdG jdG
G FG AdG BGh ,FdG e e
,dG SGe S L hCG N Y
GLEG HY J Y GT jdGh
HG BGh,jdG Wh dGh
H jdG ILCG eCG dG FG
dG ,eSEG AdG dc,Y dG
dGh ,dG d bGNEG eCG S
jJ Y HdG fCG Y hDhdG G
eGdGh jQdG b e dG VfEG
FG SSCG jh ,djeEG dhdG
Y G YEG :edG efdG ,VH
,JGJe eJh ,jQdG dG VfEG
Oj c dG HG G c GSEH
G g EG J h ,WdG hdG H
.dG-SdG

JjY

.2012hCG fc -M

jEGh ,d MUEG G g dH QGGh

dGh,MG LGG Y SDG JQhd
UEG c CG de ah,FH dG
.LDe IQK g
eh ,YLEG idG bYh IdG
g ,YQG YG H idG Ge J
bM-SS jJ EG j CG j e
SdG d IjG bGG H NCJ
e fEG gh .QM Ibh Yah
dG Y EG ,e H LdjjCG H
dG T QGSEd HdG Z ,bG
e.Jeh IjG FbdG Y k e H
NCJ jJ EG jQ H S QGG g
jE S ,jG idG Ge H
.UEG M Y OG dG IQhS
jdG dG g Y cCJ d
dG Y FSEG jQJ gh ,k jQJ
AjEG Y ,1963 QGPBG e edG edG
OGG dG Y dG h ,JO e VdH
GDdG JCd ,WEG Y Y J h Uh
S e idG Ge RJ dG dG Y
QdG dh ,QGG Y ZJh HM
k e d SdG
RGHEGh fEG dG Y
eGb SWdG e GhOCG YH ,dd Sh
dG dG EG J ,FGLh bCGh GQhCG
H,edG MdGh QGdG EG Nd
OGOJh .hG SCG OSh ,dG SEG
e d chCG ,HM S e ,kGJ G
a g e.Seh iU djeEG
,dG VfEG d dG SCG
VfEG RCG J ,dc g eh
Y jYdG IdG ,jQdG jQdG dG
,jJ IOc J ,kGRfl hJ dG dG
.Ffh GdG H JCS
e Y M dG dG g b
H J Ge ,UEG Ua JGH ,jQdG
SH ,G hCG VGaEG g hCG edG
dG H J Geh ,gj J EG j Oj
ShdG HdG g ,UEG a QhJ dG
HdG GQOEG h ,fdG HdGh jdG
-UEG Y dG-f dG JadG
jdGh dGh ,jVh K UEd d
dG iS aJ CG VGJ Y
,FZh JGReEG H e dGh cG
e SCG QdG EG Uh b edG Ch
.dG iS H j ,eG
,IQe Zh bQ IG dG g

H j M,SBG QG H dG
NSdG e IdG ,kGPEG ,f e CG
M ,e GbEG M hCG H,dGh
.FLQh G aOh HdG YT NH
zAeEG{ eEG k NO QGH OGj c
CG,FGHEG MG eJ Y VhG G
AH GQhCH ,d kGe QhG j
bQh J Y jW QJh ,UUQ bh
dNh ,VGdG G bdG H He
VQ J ,IL eY d ,ANCG e
.G QhG
hGG jQJ Y ,QGG c M
jGh aRG e dG b f e
HdH gQfCG e hdG cEGh ,BG
CG EG j fCG ,AY hO k fMCGh ,IjG
j hCG ,VG e dGh,IjL SS Ff
Oj fCG Y jjh ,QK FGhCG e J CG
,HdG Y e c fEc bjh eGdG
zG N{`H Ffh JL hdG Th
zG N{Z IQhdH gh, e d
dG bQG e IMGh .JUN bJh
H,H VG OGj dG QGG e J
jO LQ YEG ,Ff Y G IdG
QGG H ,VG dG e dG FGhCG
e e eSEG M SCd,e
jOGfEG fGfdG LdG Jh ,SdG
,H EG Y j h ,f LGj Y ,HSC
hCG ,GMCGh SdG dG jj fCG fYEG
H LhOG EG jOGfEG e SS e f
WGbdG jb e QGG hT
U e fEG ,djS d g ,WdGh
d WGbdG jOdG ,GQGG Fbh
.fYCGh jdG
bY Y SCj SS SQ Cc QGG
e Yf ,iMCH hCG ,J fce gh ,Ib
IG J HdGh HG SdG idG c
MEG dP ZQ.jdG dG jdG
dG dY bNCG IH d YG J
WdG cH NB M e cd,k fMCG
f dGh ,dcCG JCj dG dG e gGSh
e ,eW H dG Ghah dG LQ
d dG,QSEGh djeEGh fdG
.zPdG e{ je EG dGHEG d
G aH ,dG gMh g IdG bY
eRCG C Y c j dG ,QGG EG
LGG dJ H gj Y ,SS
,WGbdG AdGh dG gQSE ajh

8 dG - 2013bc~7x~{<bjD*2vD*EbE&**

ZdG jj GPe

M N:jQS

aVEH ,IFdG WG e 300 e

...Gh dGh ,G OM f EG
eCG .Ic jY IH j Gj dGh
G dG ehd dG dG
Y IH GJ d ,Ic M a
INCa .jQJcdG Y FdG dG
FdG dG dG e jH eJ
,YLG HGhdG EG aVEH IFdG WG
aO Hh ehd dG YdG c H
.GgdG bh EG dG
G eCG .e 3800 dG bJ a
,HH ,dG j ,M YdG
,QhdG jO .e 860 UCG e e 200
.fG c dG bJ ,OdG bT
Md jdG ,edG dG CG ,j eCG Ggh
dG d ,eY c Fe Z g ,gOY
dG jQdG IQhdG jOa H cQj
.G J

IG dG cG

NEG e ,J dh ,J ,dG jHH

dG ,e bh CG e cG .FdG dG
c ajh dG Gg e AfG jj QdG
AdG HYh QJcd J dG VhG
.dfG IdG N be
j h j G dG ehG
,dG Y H .dG dG GG Y
Gj ,G HdG e ZdG Yh
.IQd SSCG IcdG j dG GG
LMG AME G QdG Ua
hCG fc 21 IgJ 211 hN :cCG
229h ,e 28 IgJ 216h ,2012
210h ,2013 dG fc 4 IgJ
e 18 IgJ 205h e 11 IgJ
.f dG

.z]gGHEG N H] dfG IdG

ze Z{ JYG HdG eG
fCG CGa ShdG eG eCG .zbGh Z{h
N QYG H NCG SSCG j{
ShQh IG jdG Ad .zVhG
dG fc 11 L gGHEG e
adG YCGh ,zGc eJ{ H fG
IQH ,zSdG G EG jQS M CG{
zG fG{ QG G OYG iNCG
.dG hdG LEG V

edG SS

VQCG M SS eY e jQJcdG J
e GM Iee .IFdG WG bhG
,T je 4 GM J e ,e
,jQJcdG Sh S jQdG IQdG e ,IQhG hdG EG T dCG 800 Ah
!IG dG IQdG g YS 23 `d j dG) FHdG Qd b
AMCG hj dGh (dG g jGH e ej
f Z
GOM LGJ Sh ,SSCG dG WGh
V dh :fdG Y LJ
cCG dG eO M ,dG dG eN

QH QJcdG ,TC GO U H
RJ Qe j Y ,dG fc 6 SCG
ehG H OdG HZ T dG
jdG bGG e OY S .G dG
CG GeCj CG EG QdG d jjD aO
AGS VQG MfG j HN Gj
AGLEG iNCG L e hCG e VhdG
.deBG N d .e jdG H
J jQS{ CG QJcdG YCG ,bGdG
M ,zLQN { VJ fCGh ,zIQK
.zeGLEGh G YGh dG H{
dG dGh jdG GYG bh EG YOh
g EG LQN hO ,YR M Y ,eJ
SCG e J Y HN Nh .zHdG{
ZCG aQh ,Se Y a
q zSS M{
HM QGSG Y YCG c .V pQG idG
.dG V jedG
Uh ,gGHEG NCG ,CG G
, zJ b GQO QGJ fCH{ HN
N SCG Qd QhO CG ij { fCG VCGh

9 dG - 2013bc~7x~{<bjD*2vD*EbE&**
Tgh jgL dHh SDH e aCG
HdG QdG eCG bh a ...eMh
.QG UGeh OdGh dG a J
HSCGZ ,2013 jGa 20 fi Y j
TGQhCG UdG IdG L C a .IOhe
e d H dP CG fh ,G h d
:j a GH QhG
hCG ,Y GJ M Wd dH
t
jCG H :J jGa 20 jfCG hCG ,J
Jh ,Y AGOCG J Y J SGQO
gG f G hYdG h dG dG
egGh J zT{ H ,dG
XJ Y dGh .G deh dG
QSG EG aVEH ,dd Se GJ e c
Ya Gfc dG VG FGd
YLEG QM e GfGh ,cG
,cG KCJ LGJ e ddG G hCG
.IM Y c SGeh
:cG a LGJ dG Wd dH
t
O H EG AadG VG c Yf
fhdG bGG Y IYdGh jL e AdG
G J GAd Y EG ITG GAGdGh
GfEGh .WGdG h jOdG hQ h
.2013 jGa 20 d jdG G
e fCG if Me O fEG ,adG jCG
Ud Jh ,H FGf AZEG LGdG
j CG jf fEG .e YdG dCe G
c G h cG ef fCG FGf e
.HS bhCG jJ dhdG GHCG dhM
JYL QJ Ia WH H fEG
.J K H fGh edG

.2012 e j Gg c .VG
.jG QSdGh dG h dGdG e

e c VG jCG ,VG jCG

dL EG ,dG HQG Y G dG j
dG H bdG OGMG L e
SG dG UdG J ea ,dGh
dG CdG ,dG dG e QGdG ANE
e S dG dG QN EG
aJh e J e eJh eG QSCG j
,J cCG GAGLEG d SdG hdG
jOG JSS f eeCG MdG ANEGh
d dG Jh Ve YG dh .d
a G Sh PEG dG .dP S EG
NBG GMEG Th Y gh JGAGLEG e SG
IYG LMEG Y J e GP ,bGQhCG
.dG c aJh G gj dG
zQSdG h eG{ jdG CG cDG eh
SG b eCG c dhdG Xh dG
Y fG f jW BG gh ,de
iNCG Ie J d gGh .Xh e
bGh QGSH eJ a dG H
,MGh YdG c UG OdG
dh ,QSCG GOjdG e Jh
MG GYO e CG J Y dH OOJ
.Gh edGh G
ZhGe e REG GJ e H G YG
T JOOQ e OOS T Ig e GS fCG
Ye U e HQG h HdG G
GLh c fCGh ,FdG dG fC
g .cH FGg GCG bh EG dG dBG
INCG dG GdG eCG We GQJ
e VG jCG ,VG jCG gZh IQcG WG gJ dG
e c jGa 20 cM gGQ H Y j .AT Y j
YLG dGdGh eGdGh jG e dG VSGh idG SG IQhVh
j H .GbCH j ,OG IGhGh gd ddG dG Jh MJ LG
Gd fGfh eL Jh HhDhO Y d GhCG BG fCG f Gdh .dG
e N e d iJ e U H gh Ge AHh VdG Gg Rh S M YG
.jL ib
Veh JVeh G T Y YCG
fEG .dG EG c dG OdG HEG
a .Kh eY Qeh G dSCGQ e c VG jCG ,VG jCG
dG ,jL e H dh JS c e Gh bdG dG ah bGh a fEG
j h f h f h Gf eeCG G TEG Y Se a HLEG IQH f
.HSCG H iS dP Y Hf ch GdG f c Sh cM
.H G
.eh FGT QO Y ,jdG a adG CG hj HdH JaQh baQ EG
CG J GTDG c .dG d JGe
,HdG J - jGa 20 cM
j e EG dH KQch eRCJ OGOS VdG
2013/1/1: HdG

jGa 20
Lh 2013
M GYe
d

c ,H VGh VG c EG
gLh dY c ;jGa 20 cM J
FGH Lf ;OdG G idG c ;IG
.HdH cG J e dEG/ dEG Gg
GjL GYe d J T AGa f EG
Q QYG Jh dG dG h jG e
eCG d h ,OG dG LCG e dG
fG e G JGP dG a QJh GjL
.jGa 20 HCG cM
WWh ah SBGh FGdGh W S
deHh EGh Gh IRJh cGeh jGh
LG Yh WG ch AdGh SOGO
dG h Gh AGdG MdGh IQdGh
ZhGe FG VY Hj ...edGh
S dG ghCG jh OGSG M
CT fCT eM J Y gd dhdG
AHG fG .dG QSdG h JHS
dGdG h jG AGYC SQdG Mj dG
dh .LGf .gf :ICGL H fhjh
Ga e gQh f YdG f
dH JOc OJ dhdG g gh .d fOcCG
cG c QMh ZGh YGh

10 dG - 2013bc~7x~{<bjD*2vD*EbE&**

CG f Lh

jQS djeEGh IQdG

,zdG SEG jj dG{ YQO je GQL
AfCG c GgG fG b bh H
,SdG G WEH dJ ,jQS
bhh jG e jGh ,QGdG fb AdEGh
G a .G eG OdG
.dG jgG b e QdG
dG Gb J dG dG dG
YJ dG Gh jgG V QdG
b dCG N e cCG N VQG
jQJ Jh .L dCG N e cCGh
cfG Y fEG M e
dh .adG Jj M FGLh fEG
jQJ Hh Ib cCG Jh H
FGG e dG ddG Ea jdG dG
Gh eCG JGbh dG L JQG
aM Uh M 1970 dG a .e jdG
j Y fG Y G EG SCG
cCGh .dG S e S jdGh dG
b eY ,1982 Y M IT OGG
WGG e BG GY QdG G
.zeSEG{ VfG b H M je
e AL g WGdG LCG e IQdG
jaCG Th ShCG dG Y dG cG
fJ jY dG fi GMEG Y dG
c dc .2010 hCG fc 17 jQH
g FdG dG CG M ,jQS eCG
dG dG Vh OdG HQfih WGdG
.dGddG jObG MUEG H J
Y OYG Y LCG SCG f V GGh
cG g YO j dh .dG QG
,Y bdG gfh ,WGdG LCG e
QdG WdG FG efH f UN
e ,VQG idG Hh G QdG Gh
QTCG c cfG JQH j e V
.Jhh jGQ eg

Th S S e IQdG CGHh .SCG

,SCG Qd dG QJjdG dG V
Y VQG LCGh ,gCG Gf EG dh
.f Y ad dG M
LCG e cG YO cGTG Y j
dG EG aVEH ,SCG QH V WGdG
hdG NJ a dh ,LCG NdG bH
dPh ,SCG MH dG dc ,HdG
e Oj CH QdG d d
.dSGh jH
V IQdG Ad fdG icdG GbG eh
GjdG KJ ,jQS SCG QH f
bh .VQG Yd HZ LCG NJ e
,NBG V m f e adG j
fG EG ODj b eCG Gg QGSG MGh
.gCG M EG OdG
S Gg CGH dG jQdG cGh
,SCG jQJjO LG WGdH dJ
jgL LMG
e Gf EG M QeCG YJ
V SCG Gb T dG dG dG b e OGRh RdG J dG aQ bh
hCG IdG N dG jgG GgG 2011 QGPBG 6 GC H AT c .dG Gd
M Y VQG TdG LCG IQdG e Y c OhCG e Y dG YG eY

OLdG{ GH jOQdG jM de
hCG fc 23) zjQS ShdG dG
e SS JdG Vb (2012
IQG zjQS NdG{ de N e
a j dG ,2012 hCG fc 19
YO dPh fah IG jdG NJ Y
EG{ :j fCG c .QdG WdG Fd
g FdG GdG e hd MdG dG
hdG e YH ,VhdG N e jJ
dG fCT e eCG Gg ,zdhdGh bEG
dP j JdG Gg .e AdG SCd
OYG Y fjH QdG V e Md
jOdG ,eL Sd .c FH HQ
J fH QUCG ,G GbhCG d V
G fEG M eCH j e c{ :a
djeEG bd SSCG ag j CG j
M J d ,zdM H J e HdG
.SCG MQ IQhV Ve
IG jdG J CG Le d
j f ebEG Y GTEH fah fjHh
eCG dh .jG dG ebEG Y e
QH Yj jdG GjEGh ShQ dM dc g

11 dG - 2013bc~7x~{<bjD*2vD*EbE&**
gGh FdG Vd j dGh
jeEG NdG
.YdG f H G fh efG gQYG hCG Y OYG VQG ib
WdG a .djeEG EG dH jb M
eCG QfG
G dG VQe e Y g QdG
Ea ,bf fdG icdG e IQdG GbH cM UN SdG GMCG Y Jh
QfG SGdG VQGh IHGh dG j jdG ,dGdGh G GNEG
.V be SCG QH Vh dP c .G FYh HdG djeEG e U
,VQH dG EG Y QOb Z gh EG GQGe YO b c QdG WdG Gh
JS hJ M bfG cM Jh Ggh .jQS LCG dG NdG
SCG Y QfG .gGh jdGh G Y jQdG cJ H T e d G
gQYH J CG VQG Y d , eCG SG bh ,Gd jeEG LG Fd
GMdG fL EG WGOh jgL cM L e fh e dP KEG OdG
e fC ,YaO J dG G bj b LCG dG NdGh .bGY
KK e dCj L Y RdG Y dG bh QdG G Y fG cM
eY g G e UY ch .L dCG WdG IMdG EG IYd Ua QdG FdG
bEG UGj CG jh .dG d SSCG VQG CG Yj CGh WdG Y adG H
j VQGh ,IQdG EG fd G jGH g bfG g .LQN IeGDe g
d VQe H MJh jOJ J CG GdG fG a .IQdG g RQH ed
hCG bdG UCG Y dG H ,QJjdG e ,VQG U EG GfGh GG e
SCG Y IQG WG J j .jdG N fG dG jdG WdG Fb V
e SCG dh .ehO M c WGO
.hCG fc
CG VQG Y ,Y Hh Qe e M c V VJ dG YG e jdG K
H jQJjdG VQ QS c YJ e WdG dG g V e dG
OdG aeh WGdG LCG e dG ,eb J Y) WGdG dG LCG
jObG MUEG Y LdG dGh ]c] dG Wh FGh ,(OGcCGh jQj
.dGddG QdG V e jQj a 17 j
IQdG e eJ AGHEG jQS QN QdG Y Ea G iG Yh .QdG QdG
dH Ggh .Y NJ c VQj CGh G dGh Ggd FdG G
AGLCG GYO M SM f CG e gh ,G dG g HGVEGh
JJ M hCG HdG Nd VQG e Y hYj jdG TdG e jYb T
H j T CG dh .cfG QhO EG aVEH ,GgG KJh J
VQG QfH Mj CG j fEG dG OGh ,jQdG IQd edG dG
,NJ c VQe j .SCG QH Sh QdG j .G HdG dGh YdG
fjHh IG jdG NJ a d ,jQS dG e jY jQH jQS
G hOh GjEGh ShQ NJ jCG EG fah g .jQS dM QdG QdG eh
.fEG eGMG H ahe hO gh dG fc dG G jQdG idG g
QdG dG CG d IMdG jdG fEG
.IQdG AH e d FdG
SEG .e e Hh O QS jdG AGQh j GY g G QdG G
ODS WGdG cG N e dG M hjh G G YG e
Gh dhdG YCG J GMEG EG ZdG Y .IMe IOb G YG
ODSh ,eh fJ M cCG jQS Y j jdG YG g J CG e
dG Sh .ISdG dGh G g EG Ojh ,dc c d dh ,zjO{ N
H h eh fJ WGdG cG EG jdG Jd YLG UCG EG dP
J LCG e df VJ dG HdG hdG ,FdG QeCG e g jdG SQG hj
ODS QdG dG IQK QfG .QL jO LJ J dG YG e dh
idG V d IjL T L a EG eh VQG CG g j c .SS S
.ShCG dG djeEG e jCG aU J G V
socialist resistance :QG
gCG G QN Va e dh .jYh

Me Jh .fCG Y ad dG
G jh VQG Id OdG e SGh
M e e IY e LGNEG Y QdG
Y e bCG e adG H Qe QhJ M
eO T bGdG ehO je CG c .H
iL f dCG 300 e cCG j dGh
HfG a fh e dG Gb GNEG
jdGh .a fi QN WGO
e G GMd dG IMdG
N e g VdG Gg Y aG VQG
haj H d dG e SGh YO OLh
.dGh ihCG d
g EG Y IQOb Z dG Gbh
g e ZdG Y VQH jY
aGGh HHdG V e e H
YG eCG .HG aGdGh GFdGh
TTQ Y J a G VQG
H Y M NhQU FGbh N
Fbh cDJ h .G V J dG dG
OhR b G hOh HdG hdG CG QG
.IQe SCH VQG
e j jQS GMCG QJ
jdG e djeEG hdG EG dH Ic
Y hj jdG fah fjHh IG
,HGh CG SCa .G de IY
djeEG AM e fc ,Y Hh Qe e
FGSEG bh h .INCG OdG N
EG Ch ,1967 Y e G Je
a ,dG LdG e BG jQS
c H IN jCH QdG dG j
VQGh .ShCG dG JdG
J djeEG CG J dG Gd SGdG
.dG Gd AT a Y IQOb
WdG G de e ZdG Y
Y gh ,HZ Y Nd QdG
IG jdG EG dH WH fi
NdH OJ hdG g .fah fjHh
SCG SCG SG M cCJ H
SCH e QdG dG dh .FdG
Va G Z eh ,ShQ H JOhR jM
NdGh .d M c L M e
Z e GMCG M EG ODS dG
H ShCG dG Y IdG G
ShdG dG e YH QdG dG j
hJ ,dP Y IhY .bGdGh GjEGh
fC SCG QH Y d Ie ShQ
QN dG IMdG jdG IYdG ebCG
.SWW Cae HdG JadG OG

12 dG - 2013bc~7x~{<bjD*2vD*EbE&**

HdG HdGh ..zFGdG IQdG{

AGS cG QdG Gg Mf CG h
;2012 e M hCG 1905 ShQ
fH FGdG T YGQdG fEG iRGj M
JH e e KGM cCG YdG
Z e hCG ,IQdG bh ShQ jd
.e G
cG QdG Ea ,JhJ c ch
..Y j iMCH hCG ,j{ aedGh
.zSdG MGG e ec S Y dG

edG dGh WGdG

dEG UJ dG SdG LSG eCG

YLG cdG CG a ,dP e JhJ
NH k jCG KCJ INCG Gd SdGh
.dG dSCGdG kGNCe GdG g
eY W LhCG ShdG jRGLdG Ca
e HJh ,M U ZQ IQe
CG gQh j a ,dG jeEG dG
jRGLdG H eb dG QdG QhdH J
h bEH MWEG 1789 fdG
.jRGLH WGO SCJh WdG SG
e a j jRGLd aG QhdGh
aN e k jCG H ,FdG dG e
OhM IOG edG dG RhJ CG e
jH S J CGh WGdG MUEG
.HG
YLG dG CG Y JhJ cCG
OdG QhdH VG feEH dG IMdG
JGSG Vda .edG dG g IQdG
LCG e df CG Mh ObG d
,WGdH IQhdH Je G hX
IU f fc EGh M fCG j c
Ob QhH J CG feEH a dG e
MdG gL L dHh ,eJh
.G e IG dGh
edG dG VSG ,HdG HdG h
a .jGhdG e OY SM Ic f
SEG k SM dG OG QhO c ,fJ
YG dR ,e h .Y H jHdG jR
OS jdG d Qe TY jdG
dG Yb d jgG HGVEG
Q VdG HdG gZh fGGh dGh
j ,jQS e GH ,HG h .SCGh

J CG edG d a ;k jCG dP
J CG IQhdH Y Sh jRGLdH
d fCG EG ,jQdG cG OdG QhdG
J HG Y H dY eM J
S dG WGdG MUEG e eM
.G cGTG LCG e d jdG
,1905 hCG ShdG IQdG Y kGAH d
b zFGdG IQdG{ jf JhJ d Vh
dG IOH cGTG IQdG e k eY 12 f
(MdGh) hCG dG ShQ J dG edG
.gj dG

aedG cG QdG

gQYG FGdG IQdG jf Vh

G He h ,dSCGd dG QdG
c dG cGTG IQd LQdG fG
CG WGdG cGTG G kGFS
a IQhV Y JhJ OT ,MUEG
cG QJ M e dSCGd dG dG
.aedGh
J H ,ce H dSCGdG QJ
G GdG dSCGdG GObG
dSCGd adG da .QdG fl
dG G H g dG ,cGdG Yh
H QdG e NG CG J ,d
.Ic J NGOh edG GObG
ac GObG dSCGdG ,bdG f h
.MGh ce Y f GdG

QW
q ,1905 ShdG IQdG IN EG kGe
FGdG IQdG jf JhJ d ShdG QdG
1917 Le dG dG b Vho dG
g GJ ,G dP e b H Mh .jQdG
e Uah VG OhM d fTJ jdG
aedGh cG QdG e kGAH ,HdG HdG
,edG d cG QhdH kGQhe ,dSCGd
.dG dG feEG EG
g c cQe Qc VhCG
IQhV Y ch ,cGTG h dSCGdG
Yh ,ObG QdG e e ie
MWEG Y IQOdG edG dG ZCG Vf
ObG QdG ceH dGh dG dH
.FGO cGTG AH YLGh
G dP cGTG e dG YG M
QdG e IOfi MGe Y CG H c Y CG
edG dG J CG b SdGh ObG
iOCG QdG dP d .cGTG IQK IOb e a
,eG GdG a CH fe SG EG
S dG g ,fjHh fCGh fa e
YdG QJ ie Y e cGTG GQK
.jd YLGh
dhCG e d dH ,Y kGAHh
dG dG GP ShQ J ,cGTG
ZCG GT jdG MdGh ,OGSG
j J fc dG edG dGh ,dG
IOH IQK d c QH Te b
GhYG TdGh d Mh .edG dG

13 dG - 2013bc~7x~{<bjD*2vD*EbE&**
IQK cGTG IQdG J Ggh ..e Z
h ,dG d SGdGh jG H FGO
jG G j eY EG dc EG J
.zLCH cc Y k Ff
fJh e GQdG GJ M h
VGdG e ,cGTG GQK fc Y IH
,iNCG GH IOM GJ EG OCG b fCG
V LMG cM a M
Af dCGh ,ShCG dGh jaCG T
dG dG Yh ,zjS hh GMG{
c Wh ,IG jdH fjh
jH dG fCG e ZdHh .gZh ,GH
ShdG IQdG KCG dG dG cGTG Y
HdG CG VGdG e fCG EG , fCG 1917
dG IjL IM e b HdG
jW FGdG IQdG jf d Jh .dG M
jM CG d J c ,dG Y IQdG d
k jQhV kGeCG j cM Jh edG dG
jdG J ,QG Gg .aCG Y LCG e
Y LCG e d kGce k eJ bCG GdG
c dG Gg eg Y dh , aCG
.k HS jo c
2013 jj 3 QLg H
jdG CG cGTG e b
VG eG VhCG QgJ G RjH dbh
e Xe S G dG jZG efH
.edGh SWWh Mh M
e JH jdG G U CG aVGh
gh jQS AfCG e c jOdG QeCG
H OdG AfCG e dG bO f
e eh MH dG QGVCG
.M
T Uh NDj eG GfG G HJh
Ae GSG G G J dG Gh AGdG
.QdG SWW Ae e H dG hH
hG fc/jO IG CG YCGh
QhO Qe 1^5 ad ITe ,2012
jdG jQdG je PfG Y IYd
OG QgdH dhdG G Uh fj
.fG VdG
G jQS T je HQCG jh
e fe H e LY ffG GYe
.dG H NGO MRdG
LdG OY CH IG G GAMEG Jh
e NCG dG b G jQdG
.dCG 600 e j e G dCG 500

AH J G Hd OG SCJh e Ic edG dG NJ EG QaG

d dG jG IQdG e fdG MG feEG
.IQdG QJ jW k FY
.SGh Yh bEG J cCdH jRGLdG Y k jCG HdG HdG RHCG
dGdGh jGh dG{ de Y
YLG IQdG EG WGdG IQdG e Y gY dch ,zYLG
YGQdG jdG M Y jRGLdG J Hh YL e Se fi JCG a .djeEG
Y JhJ d cCG ,WdGh WGdGh
..GNEG
k jH dG EG G
hO e e jdG g M CG Y ,Qe Y
hO eh ,jRGLdG UG G OhM Y cCGh ,ObG Y G b SJ Y
.f dSCGdG e ZdHh .FGSEGh IG jd AdG
k e 1917 ShdG IQdG d J
jH hS fC GNEG YL jhJ
dP e jGa GC H a ;dP Y k VGh g M fCG EG ,IZ Y QG d
G{h WGdG H dG e dG j ,dG Y QeCc FGSEG jQGdG
cGTG dY IQK EG zdG VQCG ,HG h .YG fL e cjo a OQ g
dG ,dSCGdG eG Y N Y QG ZQ dG e edH LJ e
Vh hCG G jEG Y ,dG fi M .AdG gZh cGTG g Gfc dGh
WEG M hCG ,VQCd YbEG d M M G QdG cGTG c ch
fCG ShdG MdGh dG cG .dG :Ib IH Qe SEG H ,hG
OG G Y OYG feEH d Hh .fG EG jdG NCf CG Y{
HG h ,zdGh VQCGh G{ eCJ .W SG S k M ,IQdG J
zad dG c{ QT Y GhMG Je a ;e f CG Y
.fCH dG GYfGh CG Y .e a dh cCH G j
INCG dG eeCG JJ G Gg eh
gL S FGO IQK eCG EG f
CG gh ,FGdG IQdG JhJ jd EG .zSCG e WGH dG dG Gg
eCG WdG OhG V cGTG IQdG AfEG{ G GNEG V gGdG LMG

ILY IG CG
QS e WEG Y
G GOGeG f OLh EG QOe Jh
b efdG d ,UG Lh Y ObdGh
OGS eG e zUN PG{ Y M fG
dG MdG eGS d e Obh
.jQS GYG jRJ J
IOjR dG jZG efH j h
H G UdG Hd ej dG GYG
GYG jRH j h .eG Z WG
KZG ch e Ohfi Od EG jQS
.iNCG OGe hCG ObdG hG edG G j H
jT{ L U IOaG RjH dbh
e (QdG HdG)MG dG FdG
.zSdG e jG Y IQb jd J h H
QdG GdG T dG 60 e cCG bh
SG QH FdG Gb H GT 21 e G
.H MWEG h dG VQG Jeh

cCG Y FGZ M Rj CG efdG

d G OY j H ,T e e
.fh fe G
jfhCG jG e
e AgR G AKdG IG G db - L
UJ HU H G fj QS
ch Hh GdG We G GOGeG
Y Y eG aGh dG dG KZG
.J J bG G
efH SH KG RjH HGdG dbh
efdG G IG d HdG dG jZG
e 1^5 f Y FGZ M Rj
e OY j H T c jQS T
G g G LH dhdG G gJ
.T e 2^5

14 dG - 2013bc~7x~{<bjD*2vD*EbE&**

:2012 Y jQdG dG bGh

zd{ IGh Sh Vh N

ceh JEGh e H Gf
fEa QNCG IjL Hh ,Gg .bDG dG
MoCG 2010h 2005 H IG
IdG N
q
SdG eCG .d QS Oe 700 f
AH g ,2012h 2005 GYCG H G
M ,jdG G e jG
dGdG EG fdG dG b e bS hO
k a
dG HGdG PJG eG J Y
.ddG g jM fCT e
dG V SQG dG J h
,L Y ,N :GfCG 3 EG jQdG
V dM 14 QWEG Gg Sh .Sh
.N M 4h ,S dM 11h ,jJh
:UdG h
AH Y 4 VJ 2012 dG fc
Y d d L jQGQdG e
LR GP L GQS j UY jCG

SCH bh ,d e e BG a ,jQdG
.gQLCG ec Gaj e H
dG f d ,G Gg jh
CG EG ,k fK bG Gh ,k hCG fdG
Y H fLCG dG Y AGYG M
M d ,UN H jQdGh d
e Y S V JCJ H dheh jOa
bh .jdH dG g V dG jdG
zXGh dG dG UG{ UQ
,jQS Y V Ke Y dM 29
q Le
ZG YCG dG IdG M cJ
Y jG aQ SCG dG AGQRdG FQ
V He AGYG M T dG ,2005
QU dhdG dG jJ ch ,dG g
eY 20`dG Qj e e EG QTCG ,f dG
.W hCG HV hCG Y UUdG WEH
GVEG Y 31 f GfBG jdG UQ c

Y AGYG M 2012 Y N UGJ

e ,d e fl AfCG jQdG dG
GQhe G EG dG eh G EG dG
eG OaCG M ,MGVh UdH
eYEGh eCGh bM QOe e IOQGdG
jNBG VJh dG GY N Y fl
.bdGh jdGh QdG WEGh d
fG dG jQdG IQdG jGH e fG a
e OY S ,2011 Y QGPBG 15 JQGT
j d jQS d G M
UGJh ,QdG d VQG e fCG
jQS e MRdG OGYCG OjORG e GAGYG
k jY k e JG e YS fCG EG ,d EG
k fd 11 N Y YEG e k jYJ
,QWEG Gg h .2012 Y QjCG jQS
dG L f fCG EG eYEG jQJ QTCG
dG e kGc kGOY dhW dG dGh

15 dG - 2013bc~7x~{<bjD*2vD*EbE&**

Y ,dGh WGdGh cdG j

j M AdG edG fi jQS Y
HUEG Y 6 HUEG EG iOCG e .Ad TQh
6 hH ASG IRe bhCG Mh .H
AGYH WQH Td ah fd
dG g fc Qh .e d GhbGh
.jG Me a M dG IMdG
S ,VG hCG fc T Th
d jQS k Y aSG GAGYG
a .bS Hh Y QdG WEG H JhJ
dGe) MCG jcR fi QdG f ,dG
Qf H k He jQ e EG (1986
edG Lh QY h .U bH e Lh
MCG j dG dG fi Le QdG
H e gh WdG IQM U ee
M G EG fh U S e jQf
d UTCG KK bCG ,MR h .LM
dH Y GhYGh QS eY N Y
eQh ,G Jgh Id e e Sh
EG jQS eY VJ c .d S
Y dH d iYGh .MR bdG
J Ya jW Y G Y QdG
h .G e k e e GSh HJh dG H
j jQS Y H e b dG
bG ,eG h .WdG QMC e
eY GSh zGNG e{ TQh zd{
bCG ,dhdG h .dG IH jQS
dc .jQS Y 5 S Y zd{
jdHh ,d S M jdG
iL KOM NBG h .jQS Y 4 ,f
S Y zd{ bCG ,2012 Y KJ
.gGHEG f e jQS Y 5
fOQhCG e CG EG ,jdG f CG j
HU EG kGf k bO Ak MEG QYG k fBG
V SQe dG dG M c KJ
jdG N e IY SC ,dG ADg
ZHEG M efG YCG e jhP hCG
k a ,fdG dG
idG YJ Y
dG UG Ea ,Gd .jM eCG
SQG j XGh dG
eG djh ,jQdG dG V jdG
e dG g j JdhDe H fdG
Je d L H dGh ddG
J jL GAGLEG PJGh GAGYG g
fLCG dG IFdG jdG dM
. Y H

XGh dG dG UG
2013-1-5

M h .NBG eY Sh dH AGYG
GPEG ghOgh Y 5 Y T iYG dG
iYG ,HG M h .G EG GhOY e
dG e Ofi Z OY Y G e OY
eCG .ML bh Y SCG e ,jQS
jQdG dG e OY VJ a dG e
HT J Sh .AGYGh d
jQdG dG zOUGz`d AMCG H
e OY VJ c .dH d VdGh
LdG d jQd OJ dG G
.f G
HdG kGjh ,2012 hCG jJ
AGYH JGHflh dG G e UY b ,e
k eY 72 Y j e Y
k jeh k jQS kGaGh
Y AH ,Geb eY .aTCG e k fGOSh
TdG{ H dG H H J iT
dRe gG ,zdG jeh dH
jJ OQjh .HcCG hCG jJ 7 d
Y AGYG UJ zJhh jGQ eg{
Yd fgEGh jJh HVh ,dG
M hCG gGd J CG J hHh UGe
25 CG jdG OQjh .JdG dG GQhCG W
L GVJ fCG Gdb G dG eY
L gOLCG Y Hh G d
f bh .dGbCG e J VGh ec
dG ADg Y AGYG{ G G e QM
G UY Ea ,dG jdG H fLCG
j h z.Wh SD e Hd bCG GaJ
dG Y G UY b e AGYG hCG Gg
hCG jJ e a .jdG OQj e H
a jh j AH be gG OG H b
H G dG Sh ,hLe Y
hO GMCG g h .e IQOU NU
H eh bG G H e a OQ
jdG ,zXGh dG dG UG{
dG AGYG GH a GhOf k ce k fH GhQUCG
LCG eY d YG bG T JG
jYz`dH bG Uh e gh G
dG GdW c .zfLCG ch aUG
eCG idGh ILCG Y J dG jdG
JdhDe h gQhH dG dG Gh
e AGS M Y Gh WGG jM
k a ,AGYG CG
FdG dG de Y
ah ,SQG d M Vd NdH
idG e jG H FGG HdG GfEGh
.jdG
18 Gjh ,OG Gg e SCG Hh
z{ jY e cCG iYG ,hCG jJ

J CG aU QOe LQh .RY

fCG EG d jQdG IQd HJ GQdG
.VG Gg J hCG cDJ eCG jQJ QJ
.Y be EG 4`dG dG j dG Gh
Y 3 VJ ,2012 Y T h
WEGh dG EG jdG e jQS
cM d dG J EG G C h QdG
gMCG HUEG EG iOCG e gG QdG WEGh
.LQ UUH
,f dG e QGPBG T K KOM h
AH TQh j jQS Y VJ
EG iOCG e dY dH AGYGh d
.H hH gMCG HUEG
Y 5 VJ ,2012 f T h
EG dG bEG e c e jQS
k HT 12 b e IOG BGh dH AGYG
jJ ch .IN hH HUEG EG iOCG e
EG GVJ IdG dG CG Y eYEG
.IQe GAGYGh GRGSGh je
KCG Yh ,f dG e QjCG T h
aH MQ Gfc k fd 11 NG
e OY Y AGYG ,jQS jO GQG
edG Y Y M ,d jQdG dG
k He (1984 dGe) G QGV QdG
fG bh .hH Qe b bH Qf H
zJj{ be Y ja e M bh
k e jQdG dG MCG j
Sc Y
.fgEGh jH UTCG MCG j c M
Y e GbEG a
o ,hG bEG eCG
jQdG dG e Ofi Z OY Y AGYG
.S ceCG
eg{ OaCG ,2012 GjM T h
jQS
r WGe
Hb fCG zJhh jGQ
p
r
,hH d jCG Y d VJ
fC ihH Wd ej fCG VhCGh
.zfdG WdH j {
eYEG jQJ Ho CG Hh ,BG T eCG
jQS aG fdG H J
GAGYG e IjL Le CGH ,L b
jdG Yh ,jQdG dG Y
h ,fih hH e fl We e
k eY 33 NG
jCG Y cJ LQh k jQS
MCG a KCG Y BG 15 OGG BG e Y
H h .jQS OGG M YG FHCG
Y Y YR BG e Y YG ,LGdG
QS eY Y d iYG c ,jQS
Og OGSJhG Y dGh dH JdGhh
jhdG h .HG MdG G f

16 dG - 2013bc~7x~{<bjD*2vD*EbE&**

jQS HdG cG

.G dG ehG d dG
Y jG g ,dG g e VdGh
jdG ,dG jQdG dG e q G
j ,OdG AfCG L QGdG EG dj
dGh ,eGdGh jGh dGdH de Y
Gf ,YEG FSh b e e J e dZ
a ,dG b e dGh dG QGS
hj Gj ,ASG hHh ,c hdG
G ,jQS dG QGZ Y G J
dc ,dG FQ dGREG Y j dG
Gh ,SCG QH QJjdG dGREG jQS
IMdG G f GJ .ef H Y
FSdG H hj dG ShdG bG dG
d h ,dG SCG QH Y G
QH ShdG eG J CG e S
bh .jQS e j G SCG
G ZQ GQGe IG jdG HYCG
.d eCG ILCGh jdG dG Y
Ie CG bGdG iJ idG idG EG
j QdG dG .QfG d dG Gg
.iNCG dG e edGh YT Y
ZdG dP e KGM cCGNCG G

IQdG UJ c .L H I Z dh
bCG H M hCG gCG M fCH jQdG
FSh hJ dP Yh .ZCGh jdG
cGh dG H G jf YEG
Y IH jQdG IQd IQdG g .dG
dG g GJ dG cdGh bGdG
.OGSG G V dG VQ FdG
h ,G ehG gCG f f
M Y J fC ,e dG Y H ,jf
dG V f Y adG QdG dG
jQH G ehG Y e .dG
gQXEG e GG eh ,T ehe a
fCG c .bEG hCG Y djeG ib H IGOCc
Y SG H Ya eSEG Y d
j e J CG ,bGdG .dG cG
VQG EG ,Y bdG .eSG J CG
Y adG hG M Y J G
ehG QGSH S bh ,dG V f
g Lh WG H dG dG
AfCG jQK d J iL c .dG
Gd J EG aVEH ,jQS e fl
e OY fG a dHh .Gh SdG

ee

eL e dG V INCG IQG J
aj dG dG Gg Mh INCG Ie M
S e IFW CH We QOe cCG .kGMCG
eG jG a fc QdG G
jR H M Y IOe jL W N H
e j jQGM fdH eJh jG T
gKG hO ,aJ b dG jQGG jQGdG
Teh me Hh jc jQfG U
e dG hN AKCG IQdG c QGhO Y
e HUEG jQfG Jh .JfeG
bh EG aVEG e GdG OSGh dG
dG G MRdG H jV IY
AGdG OY CH Y OT cCGh ,eG
ghCGQ dG IG ATCGh G H
.GT
80 `dG Rhj ,KOG e
k
jdG dG J g G Gg
dG Gg SEG LCG e GhSGh aj
.WGOh IM jQS Adh eGLEG
GWCG c e YG FSh cJ C
G QdG dG H G GdG Y g
YT e ZdG Y dG G VQGh

17 dG - 2013bc~7x~{<bjD*2vD*EbE&**

.d h SQGd h ,TCG e T
Yb NGO dG eCG ILCG YGh
.eG NGOh GVG
e fc eG CG cP jCG G eh
EG aVEH ,G e SSG Yb H
jj dG c ,eCGh jdG ILCG
SS f c e bh .edG IdG
,dG ch .dG M fCG ASH
dG H j dG MdG G g
M GgdGh GVGh ,SG
U QGUEGh jdG dGh eG
.Gh eG
M dG Oe J EG eG VG
Ie SQGG GJ H ,2003 Y
.J
,edG G d G GMCG Mh
h dG H J ,dG YGdGh
.SDG Jg SQ OLh CG d j
G g SSG Yb Y j Vh dG
e e Ia J M .HdG cGh
GMG G dH G edG WdG G
Yb SdG dG e Y G
.dGh G
eCG ,dG OG WGbhH Y j Vh ch
SS V dG dG e EG iOCG dG
LGJ ,2002 Y e .d IjG dGdG
EG aVEHh ,dG ZC G ie
,LMG Le dfa ,SdG dG
dG e QjCG h .jObG dCG M dZ
edG AdG cT Y e G gJ ,2006
h ,eCG idG e GTG M ,eO
HGVEG ILCG GQS FS f bdG f
.M
,IQdG N iNCG Ie dG dG SG
G dGh edG HGVEG AKCG UNh
,2011 Y e hCG fc T N jQS
qCG J ,OdG AfG SGh AGLCG T dG
U g nGh edG dG cM
QJjdG dG OW ,dG Gd .IQdG
dG fc H eG e eY dCG 85 e cCG
k e 187 ZCGh ,2012 Th 2011
V H dPh ,(SdG bQCG H)
.LMG cG ejO

e G YGh UTG HQCG eCG Gb

eG IQGOEG Qb ,f IdG ,dG
NGO EG eCG Gb SQEGh eG ZEG
.dG G

UG G bG M ,dG Y d
jJ jf gGHG NCG IG Cd
jQS dG d INCG G dG
J dG dfG eM J EG Jh
M jQS IOd edG jdG dH
HdG GgG eCG Gb b
SFdGh fdG HfG i M 2014
jCG OdG AfCG L iNCG eG j IdG g AKCGh ,IG CG GTEG
.gQ bh IH
.Od FQ SCG QH
,YGh ,ZG e ZdH
dG SG ,OdH GjdGh gGGh
Gh dG
Oj ,GL jb bh eh .MH SGh f Y dG dG OY OGORG
dG ZCGh GUCG J CG hO e SCG CG j Ggh ,VG KdG GdG N
,SFdG b e dH eO eL Ieh Ic YLEG Ib dG dG
YQO eL ej T Gge M dfG Me dG j .G NGO
k aN ShQdG M eL Yh .QhdG jOh Y edG eOEGh ddG H ,G
,S dG e gCGh cCG ,iNCG VfG e G eZ be dG j .dG
H cCG G UUdG c QU M fEG FSd ITe bY hH ,SCGdG
.M eL dG OY e e .dG e Te H dSG Yh
fCG j edG dG SJh ,iNCG Mf
HdG cG jQJ Le
b HdG c dG dG QYCG
ehG jYh b jQJ HdG cd ,fea .G Y W hCG G
MEG a .OdG LMEGh Ic iNCG eGYh G IAGOQh ,jdGh
fc ,VG dG jf Mh fdG Gg KDj .d HdG e dG J
MCG e c jQdG HdG cG jEGh dG Yh e c Y edG bG
fCGh G V fCG e jdG UCG c if S ,jQdG dG .df
O b HdG cG fch .jOGSCG EG QdG d jOG hdG OCG
YEG b 1954 Y dG G V
.jQdG dG dG e ddG cQe
dG dG V fEG QdG G
Y .fd dG Jh M e
dG ehG b ,HdG cG
fGh IM HfG f M ,1955 GQhO dG d ,jQdG IQdG jGH eh
.jQd FQ JdG T eG fch .dG cH SSCGh e
LGe FQ GQhO cG d c dh .dG OGSEG V ehd Gce
hCG V dG ,G OGH M ,jQS AfCG L dG Y fgT
1955 Y GfEGh cJh GjEGh ,GdG V gd eG Le e Lj
Y G Gg EG IG jdG fGh eSG H ,eCG Gb LGjh dG
OGH M e FdG dG ch .1958 jd IdGh dG dG dG e
e ShCG dG JadG PdG AGMG
.HdG YG
GMCG fGOCGh .Fbh LM AfEG N ,g dG d IRQdG eCCG eh
gOjh IgG gh HdG cGh jQdG f dn G ,M eL ITG GgdG
aH eg GQhO dG d ,Gg .djeEc GjM T fc dG ,VfG fG e
OdG AfCG L dG OGH Ige dG ,HdG ehG d kGeQh ,2012
H IMd YGO Gge N e jCGh ,Gh G jQdG dG L
.1958-1957 Y eh jQS AfCG c eh M e ,OGcCGh dG e
.OdG eL M cCG NGO ,jQS
QGMCG jQS W OEG SCJ
dG dG SS jV dG
b ch ,H IgG g b bh
g FdG dG TCG fc ,IQdG AH e G dG M Uh CG EG QhdG Gg QJ eG OdG AfCG L e dG
,AMCGh ,idG U Y dG dG fM .HdG cG Sh dG
.eCG Gb jCG Y ,iNCG
SCGQ dG dG g h .WGh Gh CH jQS eL c eG G b IgdG g Nh M

18 dG - 2013bc~7x~{<bjD*2vD*EbE&**
e jdG OG QT hCG/h WCG
c T e f dG G
G S Y ,gZh G dG
jQS W OG WCG 2012/11/26 jQJ
ASCG dG jG QW e GOk Y QGMG
jCG cCGh ,eO eL G dG
dGhR M SdG dG Gg V QGSG Y
. iSCG L jh
e ,jdG fl be OG JG
H aSG dG GdG S QSG
OhCG dGh INCG fhBG jQS G
MCG J dG AjHCG WGG H IH
GdG QSG H YCGh ,dG iS
-31 M eG G J k UNh
IH
q QGMCG jQS W O GOCG . 2012-5
.bNCG Zh fEG Z dG Gg
J WdG iG Y j OG
e hCG OdG QU .QGMCG U
.2012 GjM M
Gge T UG eG M
eLh edG UG eL e ,dG V
jdG eG g dG f .dG
de ,eG G NGO LMG e
J iLh .IFdG G e eJh jH
de eG G GdGh GQdG
b M EG dG VJh ,dG SEH
GhLCG G H h ,eCG Gb b e
FdG I dGh VQCG Y dG Y
.SCG QH
dG ADg cCG ,jJ IY
eG e HdG G e AL fCH
QdG dG b e SCJ dG UG
d h ,FHc ej fCG M SdG
LCG e g IQdG CG jh .c
. e
UN e QdG dG NQ
OY 2009 Y gOY Hh ,2001 Y
16000 H T dG ,15 UG eG
H SdG Uh .dW 22000h
Ggh ,jS $ 10870 EG UN eL
dG e dG dd J G
15000 H SG JGdG c eY ,aO
.($500) jQS Id 20000 h ($370)
CG QdG dG j f bdG
eG dG dG e GQSG
IL dH IjL aG j c dG dG
-2008 SGQdG d dW 264550 G
.dG dG IQGRd ah 2009

f GP fe dhO ebE dGIGhGh dGh jG j OJ WGO

.WGG
jQdG eG IJSCG OG C jCG SCGh
..2012 dG fc 21 QGMCG

QGMCG jQS W fCG

dG ehG UGe ZQ GQGe OG YCG

dG e ZdH ,IQdG jGH e dG V
jQS W OG Qch cCG .dG OGSGh
Wf Y 2012 T 8 jQJ QGMCG
:dG SG S d jQfi
ac QM Y GVEG G IYdG e dG dG dGh jdG GVG
.G SGQdG dG
QM Y GVG e RGdH
LGdG G QGMCG dG Yf GVG
G JeL AGS gGh eG
cQe We eG hG a
eh FGO JJ f G eG j
d dGh Ie YGh gJ
OGeG Y gGh eG M G
AMCGh WG Y d J ,WdG
e QGh d VJ dG dG
.jQdG G
eG HdG dG CG QYG Y ,dWh dW dCG 800 Y j e J
GN cQe Ea ,eGh SQGG
We cQGh YH eGdG GVEG
FGL dGh d YGdG cdG
YGG d ObG QfG j
OjCH dG j ObG QfG EG .UCG
ah dG dG SG QfG hOh jQS
.eGdG IQK HCG e jG
dG ch ,HdG cG UGJ
Ye c ZQ ,Fd aQ j ,QdG
eSG dG IG QdG g TE dG
Y SCG BG ASG e fl TCG
cG a ,dG cG cCG .dG
eJ M jH ,MG df ,HdG
KG efG Rhj YLGh Wh
jGh eGdG S jCG ,FdGh
.dGdGh IGhGh
RhQf S H G S Y f OG
OGeG Y YOh ,jd Y H gYG M
,adGh aGdG Y dG TE OdG
EG a e jQd jL Y hd GeQ
. dGdGh IGhd

.GgdG LCG e d G cG HM
J Y Fb JGP J TCG QW c
.dG f e IQG WG gG
WG d e T d Xh
e g dG CG Y dH ge ,IQG
.dG dh VdG
IQG WH fe GQGOEG bCG c
dhdG Z H G dG Gb e
e ,IjY e Vd
,G eNh dGh Gh SQGG
GQGOEG g Jh .JGh AHdGh
eh dG LEGh fH fG
edG XdG eH jhdG FdG
fc c .gCG dG Y Gh eCGh
.dG ehd eg ceCG eG
adG HQ c ,2012 GjM T
CG e jQS LMG dG e
W OE ah ,2011 QGPCG IQdG CGH
QGMCG jQS W OG SCG .QGMCG jQS
dh dG V d 2011 jG 29
cG IM Hfh SSh WGO fi
.IG jQdG HdG
eO eM eL N jQS
ha dh ,QhdG jOh bPdGh Mh Mh
,SWW ,dOEG ,AGjS ,YQO bEG
.bdGh G ,M
fG e 2012 f OG SJh
jQS W OG EG eO eL W FG
fH jQWG OL MJ GYCG .QGMCG
W O`G G QGMG eO eL W FG
e``G HdG G`G WCJ H `jQS
.`eO
eL OG d hG SCdG DG c
dOG e dch 2012/3/5 jQH M
jdG dG QHh 2012/3/10
HdG IG hP e G Dd G
IJSGh W e OG dG
fG Hh dOGh M eL e JcOh
QGMG jQS W OG a FQh AYG
:ddG UdH hG eG
ac QGMCG jQS W bW MJ .jQdG eG
HGVGh GgG J Y dG LQNh SQGG h eG NGO edG
.dG O eGdGh fGh QM H
SG Y iNCG IQdG ib e dG IMdG Y G X YT bdG dG
.WdG

19 dG - 2013bc~7x~{<bjD*2vD*EbE&**

fG e .YLG dGdGh IGhGh jG

ddG QdGh dGh SdG YdG
j c Rj e ,dG cG Sh jGJ
KCJ eh OGSG dG f e dG Q
.ddG LdjjEG
H e T e J EG
dG Y jH T cGe g OdG AfCG
q SdG YdG jCG q
QdG dG QLh
.df
G d iU QdG dG f EG
jQdhdG j d :YdG dG e
.Y Sh .dZCG iS
ec H dG g dG Qjh
h fc c ,dG N e jCGQ c ,Jh
dG ZCG a .e h fJ eG GJ
Y H S b b jCG eG fdG
.IQdGh LMEG dG gQhO H
G GOEG dG SCG ,e
Gfh GcQTh OdG AfCG L IjG
.LMEG e dG
g dG ,jQS c ,jdG
UG dG fL EG dGh dG W
.IQdG GgCG
fCH dG e jdG J h YCG bh
.JQK Gj CG b SGQO GUGj d
jG hH J QdG dG aQ
.Ic Gge

gV RL

:cCdH g QdG
!dG M Ie IQK
,T CG hO e
.jGH e M IQK fEG

,fl bhCG eG G NGO HG

.dG a Qjh
ffEG GYG d dH M dh
jdG dG eCG ILCG YG ,Ld
YG G S a ,G Gg j
b hCG S dW ,dG X dG
jQH ,M eL dG c
qn AdG
jqn QdG eCG Gb b e 2012/7/28
MG IYe J fch ,M je
FGdG
fH YOh fG MRdGh
qn
.MRc ebE ceCG eCJh dGh
qn
H eG jG MRf Of ,jCG
dG eG Vh FGdG GYG H
e Am L bH eG jG IQGOEG GJEGh
fc ,IdG g .d G GYG
bdG YCG jGJ e jCG KK e Ye G
.eG jG SGG UY e eJ ASh
MRdG OY JQG ,2012 Y jCG
e BG 6 e cCGh k dCG 30 EG eG jG
.FGG j
H ,jGdG eG W jCG Rh
MRdG WCd ,fCH gL YJ
.dG Y S eG G G
eL M eL W j
dG Y G g Uh c .IQdG
dh d f IQdG eL : dG
jd Yf OCGh aKh Y gCG fCG QdG
gh eYEGh HOCG a dTCG H
. Y J eh FHOCGh H UG
YG ,gZ c ,M eL J
c IY dG jh dG e jdG
S Y ,baQ Y GaEd dG H
LCG e eYG Tfh W f G
dG jJ 9 j aTCG M G
17 iNCG Ige dG fh ,2012
aTCG M G Y GaEd hCG jJ
G Y GaEd ZdG G .jCG
,M eL W fYh .FGOh IjY
ILCG jdG dG e ,Wf H
.eCG
eL ,M eL dG M Jh d
ch jG T J FQ GQhO ,IQdG
M je dG V dG ehG ce
.IQdG jGH e

IQdG eL hCG ,M eL

W GQhO ,c c ,M eL d
G QN hCG IgG dG f .jG
dG{ Ggh ,2012 f 13 eG
Uh ,bO 20 EG 10 H .zMGh QS
G e .dG EG dG VGh eCG Gb
eg Gge J M je CG cf CG
Gfc dG CG M ,2012 Y jGH b
jJ 11 .IQK jGH e dH aj
eL AGdG OY H c ,2012 dG
bG G KJ M 99 M
.M e eYEG G
ceCG e W Y M eL h
e jCG dh ,Ye N eh IjY
M eL HdG cG fc .jdG
dW 10000 M e ,jQS cCG g
e jdG QTh ,OdG AfCG L e
.LMEG
2012 QjCG 18 LMG fh
eL HCG QT jQS AfCG L
jdG M W e edH , M
.MdG dG e ZdG Y b jC GhgJ
cCG M GgG fc ,f dG
Id ah ,dG dP Gg M T jG
T 10000 e cCG MG .Af
BG QTh ,QdGh jdG U e
IgJ QT c .jG e iNCG We
ah cCG hCG ,dW 10000 GM QjCG 17
M eL HGH QN ,AdG d
Gb J CG b ,IG Cd bGe OLh
dG eCG Gb dCG h .MG eCG
Y jdG We J .LG e Jh
fi aGf ,dG Z f Jj be
eG ha L ZCGh .IQe GQLh
eL bJ c .1980 Y e hCG Id
b HSCG H iNCG Ie jQdG Y M
dG J e gCGh cCG ,iNCG VfG e k aN
.S
MCG e c h ,bdG dP eh
NGO GC c C bW eCG LQ Vj ,eG
jdH ejh eG G fi h
NGO dhDG Mh XGh dG Y
NGdG bdG dG N e eG
.eG e LQGh
eg GQhO M eL jCG d
G
e BG ,LG h G NGO ,SG
,dG cG J dG Gg QWEG eG W gYSh ,IG jQdG SCG
H Y GQGJh GQGe ,dG a AMCG e MRd S fCGh .fl H

20 dG - 2013bc~7x~{<bjD*2vD*EbE&**

f e

jQS QdG QdG QJ

cQG |VG e Y g
dG IQdG e GWfG jdG jQdG jQdGh
GdG YG G Yjh .YfG e
,jQG jQdG IQhdG YLGh SdG
MOd jQdGh edG dG Y YaO
.jGh
jJ QU fH Kh Y fh
QdG Qd fG efdG SH 2011 hG
.jQS
Y Jh J H f dG cGTG G
jGh Gh jQLCGh dG c
Yh ,OVGh SG e QdG LCG e
e QG dG Y -fCG g-JQb
eCG O d gh .z aCG Y{ AH LCG
W bGh feEG g H ,fehQ HWhCG W
GhdG Ice Y j SCGQ f dG Oj
M Y dSCGdG e M j dGh
jGh jQLCGh MOdG dG e dZ
.jGh
j c JCj -bGdGh- IG fc GPEGh
-jT QNEHh -edG SCG Ea ,jH
:g gf dG cGTd
aG bCG j f dSCGdG
.MOdG ZCG e LGe
Y ,gL ,SCGdG dG j
dG Y e dG Fa f Yh SG
Ib g FdG AZCG IhK Qeh ,MOdGh
dGh fL IhdG cGJh .AGdG SDHh Y
dGdG dh .NG fL SDdGh Gh
cCG dG iS fOH gJ CGH dG IjG
eRCG f gh . dG SCGdG dG Gd n MJ
Y ,iNCG Ie ,eRCG g dJ Vh dhfih
.jQLCGh AGdG gc

OGG SQGh Jd
frontline.left@yahoo.com
facebook
http://www.facebook.com/groups

jQS QdG QdG QJ

ffG GY
http://syria.frontline.left.overblog.com
QJ CGQ Y IQhdH J bG G
jQS QdG QdG

Qd kGQfGh fJ MOch MOc e keJ

JaQh baQh H dG FYh ,fdG
Y ,dG ,Jh ,jdG EG aGH
WGdG WdG M FQ ZG
T ,dG G OdGh ,MG
s
be GS G ADg e ,H
,eN J LC ,dG ,G
,f jdH ,YLGh ,WdG VQG
KK FGhCG ,fCG ,jRdG JG dG
eh ,dG Y TdG FSh ,VG dG
.jQdG IOd ,jOdG ,ZG V
f ,d ,cGTG iG ,fEG
eJ Yh ,dG adG Y fM Y Y
,Th ,JaQh baQh ,JSCG e dG
.fJ , k dM ,IG ,jdG TdG Lh
,YdGh ,dG OdG CG f M dPh
e QdG dH S ,SGh
idG ddG H G ,IQrnGh , IOGQEG
,FdG dG V ,OdG fJ T e
,dG dG dd ,WSEG f ,g
,/d ,fGdG edGh dG IOH
AGdG MdGh MdG e ,G Z
,Gh G
s e /gZh ,GdGh
VGh VGh ,Gh Gh
dP j G Y .dGh ,SGh d
Od ,FSdG H ,LGG IOGQEG eG Y
fG efdG REG e RdH ,jdG TdG
EG ,jh ,G Gg Y j
u dG ,QdG
,WGdG jG ShCH G dG
,NCG ,J jObG -YLG de
.cGTG QG

,dG YCG Y HG ,jdG TdG a

,fJ
dG M ,Y H M a e dh
jRGLdG ReQ ch ,WGdG QSdG
cdG d JGh ,HdG ,fdG
e ,edH ,bG JSSh ,djeEG
,fdG dG de
,M fG f H adG OSG dh
jdG eJh ,fdG IQdG SG f
!dGh ,SdGh
,QdG Qe
t

d -cGTG iG
T/a e edG ,hH

HGZ eCG SH|H T adG dG

IRL QT ,2013/2/8 aGG ,dG
,H T dG ,fdG QdG OdG
H ,fEG dCG HQCGh e e cCG
hCG IQH ,dhDG ,NGdG IQGRh QOe
Ic OGYCG df a ,dZG Y ,iNCH
e S h ,G dG OGeG Y ,gZ
e k eJ ,Hbh ,bh ,Sc ,SSCG
dG ,fdG QdG ch ,JaQh baQh gCG
,dG TdG jQJcd dH ij
...jUeh ,FMh
IYdG ,j G kGL kGe
u c dh
j ,Gg ej e RJ dG dG GVEd
e
H d edG WdG dG
o
,jQdG Gh ,Gh ,GMCG
dG G GMCG V eh ,WGdGh
k a ,Jeh ,fdG
fdG OG Y
UG ie Rpjo dG eCG ,d
RdGh ,VGdG ObG -YLG
hUh dG QfCG H ,G ,dG
u
G
,dG dSCGdGh ,dhdG dG
,MOdG dGh ,L e ,jdG
u IH
L e ,fdG edG dG SCGQ Yh
,dG ,dG bdG Y c ,iNCG
, IQG JHYh dG M IRhL e
.fdG dG e MdG ddG fL e
e gAGYCG ,k e ,
u CGH dG ddG g
jG ,idG eSdGh GhdG UCG