HISTORY

HIGHER 2 (Syllabus 9731) CONTENTS

Page

INTRODUCTION AIMS ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVES EXAMINATION FORMAT SYLLABUS CONTENT SYLLABUS GUIDE RECOMMENDED READING

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9731 H2 HISTORY (2013)

INTRODUCTION
H2 History is a contemporary study of regional and international developments in the twentieth century. An understanding of issues and events in the twentieth century offers candidates valuable insights into the complexities of regional and international relations. H2 History enables candidates to appreciate Singapores role in the region and the larger international community. Through a thematiccomparative and issues-based approach, candidates are able to identify patterns, recognise change and continuity, and understand the historical forces that have shaped our present.

AIMS
H2 History aims to enable candidates to: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Develop an interest in and enthusiasm about the past. Acquire an understanding and a sound knowledge of selected periods or themes. Gain an understanding of historical concepts such as change and continuity. Explain the interplay of cause and effect of historical events. Appreciate the nature and the variety of historical sources and understand the methods used by historians. Grasp the diverse approaches to and interpretations of historical issues. Think independently and make informed judgement of issues. Develop empathy with people living in diverse places and at different times.

ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVES
Candidates are expected to: AO1: Knowledge select and apply relevant historical knowledge

AO2: Critical Understanding and Constructing Explanations demonstrate an understanding of the complexities of issues and themes within a historical period distinguish and assess different approaches to, interpretations of, and opinions about the past express awareness of historical concepts such as change and continuity, cause and effect and present clear, logical and well-substantiated arguments

AO3: Interpreting and Evaluating Sources evaluate, interpret and employ source materials critically as historical evidence

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ASSESSMENT SPECIFICATION GRID Assessment Objective AO1 + AO2 AO1 + AO3 Total Paper 1 37.5% 12.5% 50% Paper 2 37.5% 12.5% 50% Total 75% 25% 100%

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EXAMINATION FORMAT
Candidates will sit for two written papers of which the duration for each paper is 3 hours. Each paper is divided into two sections of which candidates are required to answer the compulsory source-based study in Section A and three essay questions in Section B.

International History, 19452000 (3 hours)

Section A (25%)

There will be one compulsory source-based study on The Political Effectiveness of the United Nations, 19452000. The question carries 25 marks.

Section B (75%)

There will be a total of five essay questions, with one question on each of the following themes, and the last two questions on any two themes: The Cold War and How it Shaped the World The Development of the Global Economy Conflict and Cooperation Candidates are required to answer three questions. Each essay question carries 25 marks.

History of Southeast Asia, c.19001997 (3 hours)

Section A (25%)

There will be one compulsory source-based study on ASEAN, 19671997. The question carries 25 marks.

Section B (75%)

There will be a total of five essay questions, with one question on each of the following themes, and the last two questions on any two themes: How Independence was Achieved Challenges to Independent Southeast Asian States Regional Conflicts and Cooperation Essay questions set will be thematic, requiring candidates to support answers with examples drawn from at least three countries of the candidates choice. Essay questions may also require candidates to draw comparisons among countries. Candidates are required to answer three questions. Each essay question carries 25 marks.

SOURCE-BASED STUDY The topic for the source-based study is prescribed. Candidates are expected to have a sound knowledge of the prescribed topic and an acquaintance with the kinds of sources available. The question will be based on sources that might be used by historians in building up an account of the period or topic. Both primary and secondary sources could be used for the source-based study. Candidates will be expected to have an understanding of the ways in which these sources may be evaluated.

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A maximum of five sources will be set for the source-based study. Differing accounts of the same situations or accounts from the same source may be set. These accounts may show different views as time progresses or in communicating with different recipients. A variety of sources may be used, for example, documentary, statistical, visual and maps. The sources set will usually total no more than 800 words (or their equivalent where non-textual sources are used). The question poses candidates with an assertion which they need to test against given sources and their background knowledge of issues. ESSAY QUESTIONS Essay questions will not be set on the subject matter selected for source-based study. Candidates answers should be focused and show depth of historical understanding and evidence of reading. In addition, the answers should demonstrate a high level of conceptual ability and an evaluation of the assumptions implied in the question. Candidates are required to answer in continuous prose and the quality of language used by the candidate in presenting the argument would be taken into account.

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SYLLABUS CONTENT
International History, 19452000 The focus of this paper is on the key developments and events that shaped the international order after 1945. These key developments and events will be studied in the context of the following themes: The Cold War and How it Shaped the World The Development of the Global Economy Conflict and Cooperation In exploring these themes, candidates must be able to: examine the forces that shaped the international order after 1945 explain the interconnectedness of themes and the complexities of historical developments and understand the making of the multi-polar world I THE COLD WAR AND HOW IT SHAPED THE WORLD 1. The origins of the Cold War in Europe after World War II Rise of USA and USSR as superpowers after World War II USA and USSRs motives: political, strategic, economic and ideological US policy of containment: Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, formation of NATO Sovietisation of Eastern Europe: Berlin Blockade, Warsaw Pact Historical debate: traditional, revisionist and post-revisionist

2. The extension of the Cold War outside Europe: Korean War and Cuban Missile Crisis Reasons for the extension of the Cold War outside Europe Superpower rivalry versus localised conflicts Consequences of the localised conflicts on the development of the Cold War Impact of the spread of the Cold War outside Europe

3. The end of the Cold War US policy of containment and confrontation Collapse of USSR Effects of the end of the Cold War Historical debate on the end of the Cold War

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II

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GLOBAL ECONOMY 1. The growth and problems of the global economy: key developments and reasons Reasons for the growth of the global economy Problems that affected the growth of the global economy e.g. oil crisis, protectionism versus free trade, trade imbalances, debt crisis Reasons for the dominant role of USA in the global economy Japans economic miracle: reasons for Japans economic success and its problems Rise of China as an economic power in the post-Mao era

III

CONFLICT AND COOPERATION 1. Rise of religious fundamentalism: causes and impact Reasons for the rise of religious fundamentalism Impact of religious fundamentalism on regional security

2. Conflict and instability in the Middle East and South Asia Arab-Israeli conflict: causes and consequences Indo-Pakistani war over Kashmir: causes and impact

3. * The Political Effectiveness of the United Nations, 1945-2000 The United Nations: organisation and structure Collective Security: peacemaking, peacekeeping and peace enforcement International Law: International Court of Justice; UN Convention of the Sea; laws against international terrorism

* The source-based study is on the topic, The Political Effectiveness of the United Nations, 1945 2000. Candidates will be expected to assess the effectiveness of the United Nations in meeting its responsibilities within the context of the changing international system. They should be aware of the different views on and accounts of the effectiveness of the United Nations and be able to interpret sources that provide these views and explanations.

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History Of Southeast Asia, c.19001997 The focus of this paper is on the themes of nationalism, independence, nation building and regionalism in Southeast Asia between 1900 and 1997. The themes will be studied in the context of the following: How Independence was Achieved Challenges Faced by the Independent Southeast Asian States Regional Conflicts and Cooperation The paper emphasises cross-comparative studies of countries in the Southeast Asian region during the different stages of their experience between 1900 and 1997. It is recommended that the case studies be carefully selected to provide a meaningful study of the similarities and differences in the historical developments of this region. The following countries could be selected as possible case studies. Candidates are expected to select at least three countries as examples to support their answers. Countries under study Indonesia Malaysia Singapore Thailand The Philippines I Brunei Vietnam Laos Myanmar Cambodia

HOW INDEPENDENCE WAS ACHIEVED 1. Origins, nature and development of pre-World War II nationalism: achievements and limitations Origins of pre-World War II nationalism: political, economic and social impact of colonial rule Nature of pre-World War II nationalism Aims and activities of the early nationalist movements Traditional and modern movements; moderate and radical movements Role of religion, culture and ideology in the development of nationalist movements Role of early nationalist leaders, their motivations and achievements Achievements and limitations of the pre-World War II nationalist movements

2. Colonial governments response to nationalist movements Policies adopted by the colonial governments to deal with the challenges posed by the nationalist movements Successes and limitations of the colonial governments measures

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3. Impact of World War II on the development of nationalism Impact of the Japanese Occupation on nationalist movements Collaboration and resistance by local nationalists: successes and limitations Emergence of new elites Beginning of mass politics Historical debate on whether the Japanese Occupation was a turning point of Southeast Asian nationalism

4. End of the colonial rule: role of the nationalists; impact of colonial policies and international circumstances Confrontation and negotiation between the Southeast Asian nationalists and the colonial powers after World War II Transfer of power or struggle for independence International circumstances e.g. American support of decolonisation; Cold War between USA and USSR; threat of Communism

II

CHALLENGES TO INDEPENDENT SOUTHEAST ASIAN STATES 1. Search for political structures and governments: achievements and limitations Different forms of governments: parliamentary/liberal democracy; maximum government Role of the military: dominant/subordinate roles Role of the Communist parties

2. Economic development and consequences Economic challenges encountered and strategies adopted to promote economic development Role of government in economic development Role of the different communities Asian Financial Crisis: causes

3. Different approaches to national unity: successes and limitations Different approaches to create national unity e.g. education, language, religion, dominant culture, multiculturalism, national symbols and ideologies Policies towards minorities

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III

REGIONAL CONFLICTS AND COOPERATION 1. Inter-state tensions in Southeast Asia: causes and consequences Causes of inter-state tensions: historical animosities, racial and religious divisions, ideological differences, territorial disputes Consequences of these tensions: effects on regional cooperation and security

2. * ASEAN, 1967-1997 Reasons for the formation of ASEAN Founding members of ASEAN and their contributions Growth and development of ASEAN Areas of cooperation: political, economic, social, cultural and environment ASEAN after the Vietnam War (1975): regional peace and security of Southeast Asia ASEAN and regional identity Strengths and limitations of ASEAN

* The source-based study is on the topic, ASEAN, 19671997. Candidates will be expected to assess the effectiveness of ASEAN in meeting its responsibilities within the regional framework. They should be aware of the different views on and accounts of the effectiveness of ASEAN and be able to interpret sources that provide these views and explanations.

SYLLABUS GUIDE
International History, 19452000 Theme: The Cold War and How it Shaped the World

Topics

Content Rise of USA and USSR as superpowers after World War II USA and USSRs motives: political, strategic, economic and ideological US policy of containment: Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, formation of NATO Sovietisation of Eastern Europe: Berlin Blockade, Warsaw Pact Historical debate: traditional, revisionist and post-revisionist

Learning Outcomes Candidates are able to: examine the aims, motives and policies of USA and USSR which led to the Cold War in Europe evaluate the different historical interpretations of the origins of the Cold War

Concepts

Values and Attitudes preserving peace safeguarding democracy 9731 H2 HISTORY (2013)

The origins of the Cold War in Europe after World War II

Cold War superpower Iron Curtain ideology capitalism containment communism democracy satellite state alliance defence security bipolarity

10 The extension of the Cold War outside Europe: Korean War and Cuban Missile Crisis

Reasons for the extension of the Cold War outside Europe Superpower rivalry versus localised conflicts Consequences of the localised conflicts on the development of the Cold War Impact of the spread of the Cold War outside Europe

Candidates are able to: analyse the reasons for the extension of the Cold War outside Europe analyse the implications of the superpower rivalry on conflicts in Korea and Cuba evaluate the effects that regional conflicts had on superpower relations

ideology satellite state territorial integrity sovereignty diplomacy proxy war

preserving peace safeguarding democracy

International History, 19452000 Theme: The Cold War and How it Shaped the World

Topics

Content US policy of containment and confrontation Collapse of USSR Effects of the end of the Cold War Historical debate on the end of the Cold War

Learning Outcomes Candidates are able to: examine the different historical interpretations of the end of the Cold War evaluate the effects of the end of the Cold War

Concepts

Values and Attitudes

The end of the Cold War

ideology peaceful co-existence bipolarity multipolarity nationalism

economic survival security sovereignty freedom patriotism 9731 H2 HISTORY (2013)

11

International History, 19452000 Theme: The Development of the Global Economy

Topic

Content Reasons for the growth of the global economy Problems that affected the growth of the global economy e.g. oil crisis, protectionism versus free trade, trade imbalances, debt crisis Reasons for the dominant role of USA in the global economy Japans economic miracle: reasons for Japans economic success and its problems Rise of China as an economic power in the post-Mao era

Learning Outcomes Candidates are able to: examine the reasons for the growth of the global economy analyse the problems that affected the growth of the global economy evaluate the reasons for the dominance of USA in the global economy examine the reasons for the economic growth of Japan and its problems examine the reasons for Chinas rise as a new economic power

Concepts

Values and Attitudes

The growth and problems of the global economy: key developments and reasons

free trade protectionism interdependence independence dependence capitalism market economy globalisation trade war trade liberalisation sustainable development regionalisation integration

survival interdependence economic security pragmatism optimism dynamism growth common good collaboration commitment credibility cooperation economic success foresight vision stability

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International History, 19452000 Theme: Conflict and Cooperation

Topics

Content Reasons for the rise of religious fundamentalism Impact of religious fundamentalism on regional security

Learning Outcomes Candidates are able to: examine the reasons for the rise of religious fundamentalism assess the impact of religious fundamentalism on regional security

Concepts nationalism fundamentalism terrorism

Values and Attitudes

Rise of religious fundamentalism: causes and impact

tolerance equality law and order racial and religious harmony loyalty security social cohesion national consciousness

9731 H2 HISTORY (2013)

13 Conflict and instability in the Middle East and South Asia Arab-Israeli conflict: causes and consequences Indo-Pakistani war over Kashmir: causes and impact Candidates are able to: examine the changing nature of conflicts in the latter part of the twentieth century assess the causes and consequences of the regional conflicts in the latter part of the twentieth century state nation nationalism sovereignty tolerance equality law and order racial and religious harmony loyalty security social cohesion national consciousness

International History, 19452000 Theme: Conflict and Cooperation

Topics

Content The United Nations: organisation and structure Collective Security: peacemaking, peacekeeping, peace enforcement

Learning Outcomes Candidates are able to: assess the effectiveness of the United Nations in meeting its responsibilities within the context of the changing international system

Concepts

Values and Attitudes

The Political Effectiveness of the United Nations, 19452000

collective security peacemaking peacekeeping peace enforcement national sovereignty veto power

peace and stability security leadership cooperation flexibility realism 9731 H2 HISTORY (2013) sensitivity foresight vision goodwill interdependence survival global citizen pragmatism

International Law: International Court of Justice; UN Convention of the Sea; laws against international terrorism 14

examine the different views on and accounts of the effectiveness of the United Nations

defence deterrence regional and international cooperation

History Of Southeast Asia, c.19001997

Theme: How Independence was Achieved

Topics

Content Origins of pre-World War II nationalism: political, economic and social impact of colonial rule Nature of pre-World War II nationalism Aims and activities of the early nationalist movements Traditional and modern movements; moderate and radical movements Role of religion, culture and ideology in the development of nationalist movements Role of early nationalist leaders, their motivations and achievements Achievements and limitations of the preWorld War II nationalist movements

Learning Outcomes Candidates are able to: analyse the impact of colonial rule on the rise of nationalism before World War II assess the different stages of the development of nationalism before World War II evaluate the achievements and limitations of the nationalist movements before World War II

Concepts

Values and Attitudes

Origins, nature and development of preWorld War II nationalism: achievements and limitations

colonialism nationalism anti-colonial struggle ideology communism democracy revolution

sense of belonging patriotism national pride courage determination leadership

9731 H2 HISTORY (2013)

15 Colonial governments response to nationalist movements

Policies adopted by the colonial governments to deal with the challenges posed by the nationalist movements Successes and limitations of the colonial governments measures

Candidates are able to: evaluate the different colonial governments response to the nationalist movements before World War II assess the impact of the colonial governments policies on the development of nationalism before World War II

cooperation accommodation suppression

resilience endurance survival

History Of Southeast Asia, c.19001997

Theme: How Independence was Achieved

Topics

Content Impact of the Japanese Occupation on nationalist movements Collaboration and resistance by local nationalists: successes and limitations Emergence of new elites Beginning of mass politics Historical debate on whether the Japanese Occupation was a turning point of Southeast Asian nationalism

Learning Outcomes Candidates are able to: evaluate the impact of the Japanese Occupation on the development of nationalism assess the successes and limitations of the nationalist movements during the Japanese Occupation examine the debate on the impact of Japanese Occupation on Southeast Asian nationalism Candidates are able to: assess the achievements of the nationalist movements in their struggle for independence after World War II

Concepts

Values and Attitudes national consciousness indomitable spirit determination perseverance self-reliance identity freedom

Impact of World War II on the development of nationalism

nationalism divide and rule collaboration resistance

9731 H2 HISTORY (2013)

16 End of the colonial rule: role of the nationalists; impact of colonial policies and international circumstances Confrontation and negotiation between the Southeast Asian nationalists and the colonial powers after World War II Transfer of power or struggle for independence International circumstances e.g. American support of decolonisation; Cold War between USA and USSR; threat of Communism

imperialism decolonisation revolution resistance independence sovereignty self-government

self-determination independence freedom citizenship sense of belonging self-reliance loyalty

evaluate the impact of colonial policies in the decolonisation process assess the impact of the external factors in the decolonisation process compare the different routes taken by Southeast Asian countries to achieve independence

communism communalism Cold War

vision survival

History Of Southeast Asia, c.19001997 Theme: Challenges to Independent Southeast Asian States

Topics

Content Different forms of governments: parliamentary/liberal democracy; maximum government Role of the military: dominant/subordinate roles Role of the Communist parties

Learning Outcomes Candidates are able to: assess whether parliamentary/liberal democracy has taken root in Southeast Asia after independence assess how maximum governments exercise control in Southeast Asia explain the militarys role in the politics of Southeast Asia explain the extent of Communist influence in Southeast Asian politics

Concepts government parliamentary democracy liberal democracy maximum government authoritarianism dictatorship monarchy republic ideology communism constitution nation building self-sufficiency neo-colonialism free trade capitalism planned economy political economy economic nationalism

Values and Attitudes

Search for political structures and governments: achievements and limitations

vision stability security adaptability religious and racial tolerance equality leadership good governance compromise accommodation

9731 H2 HISTORY (2013)

17 Economic development and consequences Economic challenges encountered and strategies adopted to promote economic development Role of government in economic development Role of the different communities Asian Financial Crisis: causes

Candidates are able to: examine the different strategies adopted by Southeast Asian countries to promote economic development examine the role of the government in the economic development of Southeast Asian states evaluate the role played by the different communities in the economic development of Southeast Asia evaluate the causes leading to the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997

self-reliance survival dependence interdependence good governance stability economic security prudence enterprise pragmatism

History Of Southeast Asia, c.19001997 Theme: Challenges to Independent Southeast Asian States

Topics

Content Different approaches to create national unity e.g. education, language, religion, dominant culture, multiculturalism, national symbols and ideologies Policies towards minorities

Learning Outcomes Candidates are able to: explain the successes and limitations of the Southeast Asian governments in forging national unity explain the successes and limitations of the policies towards the minorities

Concepts

Values and Attitudes

Different approaches to national unity: successes and limitations

ideology communalism national identity pluralism regionalism secession assimilation accommodation multiculturalism

multi-racialism stability social cohesion rights of citizens racial and religious harmony meritocracy equality unity sensitivity

9731 H2 HISTORY (2013)

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History Of Southeast Asia, c.19001997

Theme: Regional Conflicts and Cooperation Asian States

Topics

Content Causes of inter-state tensions: historical animosities, racial and religious divisions, ideological differences, territorial disputes Consequences of these tensions: effects on regional cooperation and security

Learning Outcomes Candidates are able to: explain the causes for inter-state tensions in Southeast Asia examine the effects of inter-state tensions on nations

Concepts conflict and cooperation collective security territorial aggression

Values and Attitudes

Inter-state tensions in Southeast Asia; causes and consequences

preserving peace peace and stability security leadership cooperation flexibility realism sensitivity foresight vision goodwill

9731 H2 HISTORY (2013)

19 ASEAN, 19671997 Reasons for the formation of ASEAN Founding members of ASEAN and their contributions Growth and development of ASEAN Areas of cooperation: political, economic, social, cultural and environment ASEAN after the Vietnam War (1975): regional peace and security of Southeast Asia ASEAN and regional identity Strengths and limitations of ASEAN Candidates are able to: assess the effectiveness of ASEAN in meeting its responsibilities within the regional framework evaluate the debate on the relevance of ASEAN as a regional organisation identity conflict and cooperation collective bargaining diplomacy deterrence

cooperation security preserving peace self-reliance strategic and economic survival leadership vision

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RECOMMENDED READING
INTERNATIONAL HISTORY, 19452000
General Works Bell, P. Berridge, G. Calvocoressi, P. Kelleher, A. Keylor, W. Mansbach, R. W. McWilliams, W. C. & Piotrowski, H. (eds) Reynolds, D. Wenger, A. Woodby, S. Woods, N. Young, J. The World Since 1945: An International History International Politics: States, Power and Conflict since 1945 World politics, 1945-2000 Global Perspectives: A Handbook For Understanding Global Issues A World of Nations: The International Order since 1945 The Global Puzzle: Issues and Actors in World Politics The World Since 1945: A History of International Relations One World Divisible: A Global History Since 1945 International Relations: From the Cold War to the Globalised World The Changing Agenda: World Politics Since 1945 Explaining International Relations Since 1945 International Relations Since 1945: A Global History Arnold (2003) Prentice Hall (1997) Pearson (2001) Prentice Hall (1999) Oxford (2003) Houghton Mifflin (1997) Lynne Rienner Publishers (2001) W. W. Norton (2000) Lynne Rienner Publishers (2003) Westview Press (1991) Oxford (1996) Oxford (2004)

The Cold War and How it Shaped the World Allan, P. & Goldmann, K. Clark, I. Dobson, A. Feis, Herbert Friedman, N. Gaddis, J. L. Garthoff, Rayard, L. Goodwin, J. Higgins, Hugh Hobsbawn, E. J. Isaacs, J. & Downing, T. Kolko, G. & J. LaFeber, W. Lighbody, Bradley Lundestad, G. & Odd Arne Westad (eds) The End of the Cold War: Evaluating Theories of International Relations The Post Cold War Order: The Spoils of Peace Deconstructing and Reconstructing the Cold War From Trust to Terror: The Onset of the Cold War, 1945-1959 The Fifty-Year War: Conflict and Strategy in the Cold War We Now Know: Rethinking Cold War History Reflections on the Cuban Missile Crisis No Other Way Out: States and Revolutionary movements, 1945-1991 The Cold War Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century 1914-1991 Cold War: For 45 years The World Held Its Breath The Limits of Power: The World and United States Foreign Policy, 1945-54 America, Russia and the Cold War, 1945-1996 The Cold War Beyond the Cold War: New Dimensions in International Relations M. Nijhoff (1992) Oxford (2001) Ashgate (1999) New York (1970) Naval Institute Press (2000) Oxford (1997) The Brookings Institute (1989) CUP (2001) (see pt. 2) Heinemann Educational Books (1984) Abacus (1995) London (1998) New York (1972) McGraw-Hill (1997) Routledge (1999) Oxford (1993)

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Lundestad, G. Mason, John W. McCauley, M. McCauley, M. Odd Arne Westad (ed.) Painter, D. Schwartz, R. Talbott, Strobe Thompson, R. C. Walker, Martin

East, West, North, South: Major Developments in International Politics The Cold War, 1945-1991 The Origins of the Cold War America, Russia and the Cold War, 1945-1991 Reviewing the Cold War: Approaches, Interpretations and Theory The Cold War :An International History The Cold War Reference Guide: A General History and Annotated Chronology With Selected Biographies Khrushchev Remembers The Pacific Basin Since 1945 The Cold War and the Making of the Modern World

Oxford (1999) Routledge (2002) Longman (1995) Longman (1999) F. Cass (2000) Routledge (1999) McFarland (1997) Andre Deutsch (1971) Longman (2001) (esp. chps 2, 3 & 6) Vintage (1994)

The Development of the Global Economy Abbott, J. P. & Worth, O. Bramall, C. Charles, Randy Cheng, J. Y. S. (ed.) Compton, R. W. (ed.) Driscoll, W. & Clark, J. (eds) Dethloff, Henry, C. Feuchtwang, S., Hussain, A. & Pairault, T. (eds) Fewsmith, J. Gilpin, Robert Goldsmith E. & Mander, J. (eds) Hobsbawm, Eric Kelly, D. Lairson, T. D. Meisner, M. Nathan, A. J., Zhaohui Hong, & Smith S. (eds) Pollard, S. Spero, J. & Hart, J. Steger, M. B. Veseth, M. (ed.) Critical Perspectives On International Political Economy Sources of Chinese Economic Growth, 19781996 A Beginners Guide to the World Economy China in the Post-Deng era Transforming East Asian Domestic and International Politics: The Impact of Economy and Globalisation Globalisation and the Poor: Exploitation or Equaliser? The United States and the Global Economy since 1945 Transforming Chinas Economy in the Eighties Dilemmas of Reform in China: Political Conflict and Economic Debate The Political Economy of International Relations The Case against the Global Economy and For a Turn Towards Localisation The Age of Extremes Japan and the Reconstruction of East Asia International Political Economy:The Struggle For Power and Wealth The Deng Xiaoping Era: An Inquiry Into the Fate of Chinese Socialism, 1978-1994 Dilemmas of Reform in Jiang Zemins China The International Economy Since 1945 The Politics of International Economic Relations Globalisation: A Very Short Introduction The Rise of the Global Economy Palgrave (2002) Oxford (2000) Vintage Books (2001) Chinese Uni Press (1998) Ashgate (2002) Intl Debate Edn Assocn (2003) Harcourt Barace & Co, 1997 Westview Press (1988) M E Sharpe (1994) Princeton University Press (1990) Earthscan (2001) Vintage Books (1997) Palgrave (2002) Wadsworth (2003) Hill and Wang (1996) Lynee Rienner Publishers (1999) Routledge (1997) Routledge (2000) Oxford (2003) Fitzroy Dearborn (2002)

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Wu Yu-shan Yusuf, S., Evenett, S. J. & Wu Weiping (eds) Yasuske Murakami & Hugh T. Patrick (eds) Zhang Wei-wei

Comparative Economic Transformations: Mainland China, Hungary, the Soviet Union and Taiwan Facets of Globalisation: International and Local Dimensions of Development The Political Economy of Japan (3 volumes book) Transforming China: Economic Reform and its Political Implications

Stanford Uni Press (1994) (esp chps 2, 5 & 6) World Bank (2000) Stanford Uni Press (1987-1992) (see vols 1 & 2) St. Martins Press (1999)

Conflict & Cooperation Adekeye Adebajo & Chandra Lekha Sriram (eds) Bickerton, Ian J. and Klausner, Carla L. Brown, L. C. (ed.) Bruce, S. Dawson, P. Diehl, Paul Fraser, T. G. Ganguly, S. Goldscheider, C. Juergensmeyer, M. Murden, S. W. Ovendale, Ritchie Pfetsch, F. R. & Rohloff, C. Schneider, G., Barbieri, K. & Gleditsch, N. P. (eds) Tibi, B. Managing Armed Conflicts in the 21st Century A Concise History of the Arab-Israeli Conflict Diplomacy in the Middle East: The International Relations of Regional and Outside Powers Fundamentalism The Peacekeepers of Kashmir: the UN Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan A Road Map to War: Territorial Dimensions of International Conflict The Arab-Israeli Conflict The Origins of War in South Asia: The IndoPakistani Conflicts since 1947 Cultures in Conflict: the Arab-Israeli Conflict The New Cold War?: Religious Nationalism Confronts the Secular States Islam, the Middle East, and the New Global Hegemony The Origins of the Arab-Israeli Wars National and International Conflicts, 19451995: New Empirical and Theoretical Approaches Globalisation and Armed Conflict Cass (2001) Prentice-Hall (1991) I.B. Tauris (2001) Polity Press (2000) St. Martins Press (1994) Vanderbilt Univ Press (1999) Macmillan (1995) Westview Press (1994) Greenwood Press (2002) University of California Press (1994) Lynne Rienner Publishers (2002) Longman (1999) Routledge (2000) Rowman & Littefield (2003)

The Challenge of Fundamentalism: Political Islam and the New World Disorder

Uni of California Press (1998)

Source-based Study: The Political Effectiveness of the United Nations, 19452000 Annan, K.A. Baehr, P. R. & Gordenker, L. Brooman, Josh Ferguson, J. Gordon, D. S. & Toase, F. H. (eds) Global Values: The United Nations and the Rule of Law in he 21st century The United Nations at the End of the 1990s United Nations: International Cooperation Since 1945 Not them But Us: In Praise of the United Nations Aspects of Peacekeeping ISEAS (2000) St. Martins Press (1999) Longman Gooday (1988) Frank Cass (2001)

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Gordon, W. Janello, Amy & Jones, Brennon (eds) Luard, Evan Macqueen, Norrie Meisler, Stanley Metzger, K. A. & Reichenstein, B. (eds) Mingst, K. A. & Karns, M. P. Osmanczyk, E. J. Parsons, Anthony Ramsbotham, Oliver & Woodhouse, Tom Riggs, R. E. & Plano, J. C. Roberts, Adam & Kingsbury, Benedict (eds) Shawcross, W. Taylor, P. & Groom, A. J. R. (eds) Whittaker, D. J.

The United Nations at the Crossroads A Global Affair: An Insider Look at the United Nations The United Nations: How it Works and What it Does United Nations Peacekeeping in Africa Since 1960 United Nations, the First 50 Years Challenges for International Organizations in the 21st century: Essays in Honour of Klaus Hufner The United Nations in the Post-Cold War Era Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Relations From Cold War to Hot Peace: UN interventions 1947-1995 Encyclopedia of International Peacekeeping Operations The United Nations: International Organisation and World Politics (2nd ed.) United Nations: Divided World, the UNs Roles in International Relations Deliver us from Evil: Peacekeepers, Warlords and a World of Endless Conflict The United Nations at the Millennium: The Principal Organs New Millennium, New Perspectives: The United Nations, Security and Governance United Nations in the Contemporary World

M. E. Sharpe (1994) Jones & Janello (1995) New York (1994) Longman (2002) Atlantic Monthly Press (1995) St Martins Press (2000) Westview Press (2000) Taylor & Francis (1990) Penguin Books (1995) Woodhouse, ABC-CLIO (1995) Dorsey Press (1995) Oxford University Press (2000) Simon & Schuster (2000) Continuum (2000) United Nations (2001) Routledge (1997)

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HISTORY OF SOUTHEAST ASIA, c.19001997

General Works Bastin, J. & Benda, J. Cady, J. Cady, J. Diamond, L. (ed.) Dust, A. K. (ed.) Darwin, J. Frey, M., Pruessen, R. W. & Tan Tai Yong (eds.) Funston, J. Harrison, B. Hunter, G. Jackson, K. D. Kahin, G. Kingsbury, D. Kratoska, P. (ed.) Kratoska, P. Leifer, M. Lim Joo Hock & Vani, S. Lindblad, J. T. McCoy, A. (ed.) McCloud, D. Morley, J. Mills, L. Neher, C. Neher, C. Pandey, B. Pluvier, J. Steinberg, D., et al Tarling, N. (ed.) Tarling, N. Tarling, N. Tarling, N. von der Mehden, F. von der Mehden, F. A History of Modern Southeast Asia Southeast Asia: Its Historical Development The History of Post-War Southeast Asia Democracy in Developing Countries Southeast Asia: Realm of Contrasts The End of the British Empire: The Historical Debate The Transformation of Southeast Asia: International Perspectives on Decolonisation Government and Politics in Southeast Asia Southeast Asia Southeast Asia: Race, Culture and Nation The Asian Contagion: The Causes and Consequences of a Financial Crisis Government and Politics of Southeast Asia South-East Asia: A Political Profile Food supplies and the Japanese occupation in Southeast Asia Southeast Asia: Colonial History (volumes 16) The Foreign Relations of the New States Armed Separatism in Southeast Asia Foreign Investment in Southeast Asia in the twentieth century Southeast Asia under Japanese Occupation Southeast Asia: Tradition and Modernity in the Contemporary World Driven by Growth: Political Change in the Asia-Pacific Region Southeast Asia: Illusion and Reality in Politics and Economics Politics in Southeast Asia Southeast Asia in the New International Era South and Southeast Asia, 1945-79: Problems and Policies Southeast Asia from Colonialism to Independence In Search of Southeast Asia: A Modern History The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia, Vol 2 Britain, Southeast Asia and the Onset of the Pacific War Nations and States in Southeast Asia A Sudden Rampage: The Japanese Occupation of Southeast Asia, 1941-1945 Religion and Nationalism in Southeast Asia: Burma, Indonesia, the Philippines Southeast Asia, 1930-1970: The Legacy of Colonialism and Nationalism Prentice Hall (1969) New York (1976) Ohio Univ Press (1974) Lynne Rienner (1989) Westview Press (1985) Blackwell (1991) M. E. Sharpe (2003) ISEAS (2001) Macmillan (1982) Oxford (1966) Westview Press (1998) Cornell Univ Press (1959) Oxford (2001) St Martins Press (1998) Routledge (2001) see especially vols. 3-6 Longman (1974) ISEAS (1984) St Martins Press (1998) Yale Univ Southeast Asia Studies (1980) Westview Press (1996) M E Sharpe (1993) Univ of Minnesota Pr (1964) Scheukman Books (1987) Westview Press (1991) Macmillan (1980) Oxford (1974) Oxford (1985) Oxford (1992) CUP (1996) CUP (1998) Hurst & Co (2001) Univ of Wisconsin Pr (1963) Thames and Hudson (1974)

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Indonesia Aveling, H. (ed.) Dahm, B. Dick, H., et al Chandler, D. & Ricklefs, M. (eds.) Khoo Kay Hock Legge, J. Legge, J. Mackie, J. Ricklefs, M. Myanmar Ashley, S. Butwell, R. Cady, J. Drake, B. Htin Aung Lintner, B. Shelby, T. Silverstein, J. (ed.) Smith, M. Steinberg, D. I. Sulistiyanto, P. Taylor, R. (ed.) Tinker, H. Trager, F. Woodman, D. Thailand Aldrich, R. Batson, B. Chaiyan Rajchagool Cooper, D. Dixon, C. Drake, B. Elliott, D. Lysa Hong Ingram, J. Ji Ungpakorn Moore, F. The Key to the South: Britain, the United States, and Thailand during the approach of the Pacific War, 1929-1942 The End of Absolute Monarchy in Siam The Rise and Fall of the Thai Absolute Monarchy Thailand: Dictatorship or Democracy? The Thai Economy: Uneven Development and Internationalisation Siam: The Preservation of Independence Thailand: Origins on Military Rule Thailand in the Nineteenth Century: Evolution of the Economy and Society Economic Change in Thailand, 1850-1970 The Struggle Against the Military for Thai Democracy Thailand: Its People, Its Society, Its Culture Oxford (1993) Oxford (1984) White Lotus (1994) Minerva Press (1995) Routledge (1998) Kuala Lumpur (1981) Zed Books (1978) Singapore (1984) Stanford Univ Press (1971) Asia Research Centre (1996) Hraf Press (1976) Mon Nationalism and Civil War in Burma: the golden sheldrake U Nu of Burma A History of Modern Burma Burma: Nationalist Movements and Independence A History of Burma Burma in Revolt: Opium and Insurgency since 1948 Burma: The Curse of Independence Independent Burma at Forty Years Burma: Insurgency and the Politics of Ethnicity Burma, the State of Myanmar Thailand, Indonesia and Burma in Comparative Perspective Burma: Political Economy under Military Rule The Union of Burma: A Study of the First Years of Independence Burma: From Kingdom to Republic The Making of Burma Routledge Curzon (2003) Stanford Univ Press (1963) Cornell Univ Press (1967) Longman (1979) Columbia Univ Press (1967) Westview Press (1994) Pluto Press (2001) Cornell Univ Southeast Asia Program (1989) Zed Books (1991) Georgetown Univ Press (2001) Ashgate (2002) Hurst & Co (2001) Oxford (1967) Greenwood Press (1966) Cresset Press (1962) The Development of Indonesian Society History of Indonesia in the Twentieth Century The emergence of a national economy: an economic history of Indonesia, 1800-2000 Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Indonesia: essays in honour of Professor J. D. Legge The Development of Indonesian Nationalism Sukarno: A Political Biography Indonesia Konfrontasi: The Indonesian-Malaysian Dispute A History of Modern Indonesia since c.1200 (3rd ed.) Univ of Queensland Pr (1979) Pall Mall (1971) Uni of Hawaii Press (2002) Centre for Southeast Asian Studies Monash Univ (1986) Longman (1977) Allen & Unwin (1972) Prentice Hall (1980) Oxford (1974) Palgrave (2001)

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Reynolds, C. (ed.) Riggs, F. Siffin, W. Sulistiyanto, P. Vella, W. Wyatt, D. The Philippines Agoncillo, T. Agoncillo, T. Bresnan, J. Brillantes, A. Constantino, R. Dios-Javate, A. et al Dios-Javate, A. et al Friend, T. Ileto, R. Ileto, R. Kessler, R. Norodino Alonto Lucman Muslim Macapado Abaton Pomeroy, W. Schumacher, J. Vietnam Bain, C. Buttinger, J. Buttinger, J. Chapuis, O. Duiker, W. Duncanson, D. Higgins, H. Hodgkin, T. Hue-Tam Ho Tai Irving, R. Lockhart, B.

National Identity and Its Defenders: Thailand 1939-1989 Thailand: The Modernisation of a Bureaucratic Polity The Thai Bureaucracy: Institutional Change and Development Thailand, Indonesia and Burma in Comparative Perspective The Impact of the West on the Government in Thailand Thailand: A Short History

Aristoc Press (1991) East-West Centre Press (1966) East-West Centre Press (1966) Ashgate (2002) Univ of California Press (1955) New Haven (1984)

History of the Filipino People Filipino Nationalism, 1872-1970 Crisis in the Philippines: The Marcos Era and Beyond Dictatorship and Martial Law: Philippine Authoritarianism in 1972 The Philippines: A Past Revisited Dictatorship and Revolution: Roots of Peoples Power From Revolution to Second Colonisation: The Philippines under Spain and the United States Between Two Empires: The Ordeal of the Philippines 1929-46 Critical Questions on Nationalism: A Historians View Filipinos and their Revolution: Event, Discourse and Historiography Rebellion and Repression in the Philippines Moro archives: a history of armed conflicts in Mindanao and East Asia The Moro Armed Struggle in the Philippines American Neo-Colonialism: Its Emergence in the Philippines and Asia The Making of a Nation: Essays on Nineteenth Century Filipino Nationalism

Garcia Publishing (1979) Garcia Publishing (1975) Princeton Univ Press (1986) Great Publishers (1987) Tala Publishing (1975) Conspectus (1998) Teresa and Sons (1990) Yale Univ Press (1965) De La Salle Univ (1985) Ateneo de Manila Univ Press (1998) Yale Univ Press (1989) FLC Press, Inc. (2000) Mindanao State Uni (1994) International Publishers (1971) Ateneo de Manila Univ Press (1991)

Vietnam: The Roots of Conflict The Smaller Dragon: A Political History of Vietnam Vietnam: A Dragon Embattled, Vol 1 and Vol 2 The Last Emperors of Vietnam: from Tu Duc to Bao Dai Vietnam in Revolution Government and Revolution in Vietnam Vietnam Vietnam: The Revolutionary Path Millenarianism and Peasant Politics in Vietnam The First Indo-China War The Fall of the Vietnamese Monarchy

Prentice Hall (1967) Frederick A Praeger (1958) Pall Mall (1967) Greenwood Press (2000) Westview Press (1983) Oxford (1968) Heinemann Education (1975) Macmillan (1981) Harvard Uni Press (1983) Croom Helm (1975) Yale Centre for International and Area Studies (1993)

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Morris, S. Sardesai, D. Cambodia Ayres, D. Chandler, D. Chandler, D. Chandler, D. Chandler, D. Deac, W. Osborne, M. Steinberg, D. Tully, J. Laos Dommen, A. Stuart-Fox, M. Stuart-Fox, M. Toye, H. Singapore Baker, J. Barr, M. Bellows, T. Bloodworth, D. Chan Heng Chee Chan Kwok Bun Chew, E. & Lee, E. (eds) Chew, M. Dobbs, S. Drysdale, J. Elphick, P. Hack, K. Hack, K. & Blackburn, K. Han Fook Kwang, et al Huff, W. Kratoska, P. Kratoska, P. (ed.) Lau, A. Lau, A.

Why Vietnam invaded Cambodia: Political Culture and the Causes of War Vietnam: The Struggle for National Identity

Stanford Univ Press (1999) Westview Press (1992)

Anatomy of a Crisis: Education, Development and the State in Cambodia, 1953-1998 The Tragedy of Cambodian History A History of Cambodia (3rd ed.) Facing the Cambodian Past Brother Number One: A Political Biography of Pol Pot Road to the Killing Fields: The Cambodian War of 1970-1975 Sihanouk: Prince of Light, Prince of Darkness Cambodia: Its People, Its Society, Its Culture France on the Mekong: A History of the Protectorate in Cambodia, 1863-1953

Univ of Hawaii Press (2000) Yale Univ Press (1991) Westview Press (2000) Silkworm Books (1996) Westview Press (1999) Texas A&M University Press (1997) Allen & Unwin (1994) Hraf Press (1959) Univ Press of America (2002)

Conflict in Laos: The Politics of Neutralisation Laos: Politics, Economics and Society A History of Laos Laos: Buffer-State or Battleground

Pall Mall (1964) Francis Pinter (1986) Cambridge (1997) Oxford (1968)

A Popular History of Malaysia and Singapore Lee Kuan Yew: The Beliefs behind the Man The Peoples Action Party of Singapore The Tiger and the Trojan Horse Nation-Building in Southeast Asia: The Singapore Case Past Times: A Social History of Singapore A History of Singapore Leaders of Singapore The Singapore River: A Social History, 18192002 Singapore: Struggle for Success Singapore: The Pregnable Fortress Defence and Decolonisation: Britain, Malaya and Singapore, 1941-1968 Did Singapore Have to Fall? Churchill and the Impregnable Fortress Lee Kuan Yew: The Man and His Ideas The Economic Growth of Singapore The Japanese Occupation of Malaya Malaya and Singapore during the Japanese Occupation The Malayan Union Controversy, 1942-48 A Moment of Anguish: Singapore in Malaysia and the Politics of Disengagement

Times Books International (1999) Curzon (2000) Yale Univ Southeast Asia (1970) Times Book Int (1986) ISEAS (1971) Times Editions (2003) Oxford (1991) Resources Press (1996) SUP (2003) Times Books Int (1984) Hodder & Stoughton (1993) Curzon (2001) RoutledgeCurzon (2004) SPH & Times (1998) Cambridge (1994) C Hurst (1998) NUS (1995) Oxford (1990) Times Academic Press (1998)

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Lee Kuan Yew Lee Kuan Yew Lee Ting Hui Mohd Noordin Sopiee Milne, R. & Mauzy, D. Tarling, N. Tregonning, K. Turnbull, C. Vasil, R. Yeo Kim Wah Malaysia Andaya, B. & Andaya, L. Andrew, H. Arasaratnam, S. Baker, J. Cheah Boon Keng Clutterbuck, R. Cowan, C. Emerson, R. Hack, K. Haji Abdullah Firdaus Gullick, J. & Gale, B. Lau, A. Lau, A. Ongkili, J. Means, G. Milne, R. Mohd Noordin Sopiee Ramakrishna, K. Roff, W. Short, A. Stockwell, A. Stubbs, R. Turnbull, C. Wang Gungwu (ed.)

The Singapore Story: Memoirs of Lee Kuan Yew From Third World to First: the Singapore Story, 1965-2000 The Open United Front: The Communist Struggle in Singapore, 1954-1966 From Malayan Union to Singapore Separation Singapore: The Legacy of Lee Kuan Yew Singapore and the Singaporeans since 1819 A History of Modern Malaysia and Singapore A History of Singapore, 1819-1988 (2nd ed.) Governing Singapore: Democracy and National Development Political Development in Singapore, 1945-55

Times Editions (1998) Harper Collins (2001) South Seas Society (1996) Universiti Malaya (1974) Westview Press (1990) Univ of Auckland (1992) Eastern Univ Press (1972) Oxford (1989) Allen & Unwin (2000) SUP (1973)

A History of Malaysia (2nd ed) Who Won the Malayan Emergency? Indians in Malaysia and Singapore A Popular History of Malaysia and Singapore Red Star over Malaya: Resistance & Social Conflict during and after the Japanese occupation of Malaya, 1941-1946 (3rd ed.) Conflict and Violence in Singapore and Malaysia, 1945-83 Nineteenth Century Malaya Malaysia: A Study of Direct and Indirect Rule Defence and Decolonisation: Britain, Malaya and Singapore, 1941-1968 Radical Malay Politics: Its Origins and Early Development Malaysia: Its Political and Economic Development The Malayan Union Controversy, 1942-48 A Moment of Anguish: Singapore in Malaysia and the Politics of Disengagement Nation-Building in Malaysia, 1946-1974 Malaysian Politics: The Second Generation Malaysian Politics under Mahathir From Malayan Union to Singapore Separation Emergency Propaganda: The Winning of Malayan Hearts and Minds, 1948-1958 The Origins of Malay Nationalism (2nd ed.) The Communist Insurrection in Malaya, 194860 British Policy and Malay Politics during the Malayan Union Experiment, 1945-45 Hearts and Minds in Guerrilla Warfare A History of Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei Malaysia: A Survey

Palgrave (2001) Graham Brash (1995) Oxford (1979) Times Books International (1999) SUP (2003) Graham Brash (1984) Oxford (1961) Univ of Malaya Press (1964) Curzon (2001) Pelanduk Publications (1985) Pelanduk Publications (1986) Oxford (1990) Times Academic Press (1998) Oxford (1985) Oxford (1991) Routledge (1999) Universiti Malaya (1974) Curzon Press (2002) Oxford (1994) Muller (1975) MBRAS (1979) Oxford (1989) Allen & Unwin (1989) Pall Mall (1965)

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ASEAN There is no single collection of sources for this topic. Teachers may utilize sources drawn from any relevant texts in the recommended reading. Acharya, A. Antolik, M. Aranal-Sereno, et al Bhalla, A. & Bhalla, P. Broinowski, A. Broinowski, A. (ed.) Gill, R. Haacke, J. Henderson, J. Narine, S. Palmujoki, E. Palmer, R. Sandhu, K. (compiler) Severino, R. Shee Poon Kim Siddique, S. & Kumar, S. Singh, H. Soesastro, H. Solidum, E. Somask Chuto Tay, S. Tongzon, J. A New Regional Order in Southeast Asia: ASEAN in the Post Cold War Era ASEAN and the Diplomacy of Accommodation The ASEAN: Thirty Years and Beyond Regional Blocs: Building Blocks or Stumbling Blocks Understanding ASEAN ASEAN into the 1990s ASEAN Towards the 21st Century: A ThirtyYear Review of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASEANs Diplomatic and Security Culture: Origins, Development and Prospects Reassessing ASEAN Explaining ASEAN: Regionalism in Southeast Asia Regionalism and Globalism in Southeast Asia Building ASEAN: 20 Years of Southeast Asian Cooperation The ASEAN Reader ASEAN Today and Tomorrow: Selected Speeches of Rodolfo Severino ASEAN: Politics of Regional Cooperation The 2nd ASEAN Reader Vietnam, ASEAN and Regional Cooperation in Southeast Asia ASEAN in a Changed Regional and International Political Economy The Politics of ASEAN: An Introduction to Southeast Asian Regionalism Regional Cooperation in Southeast Asia: Problems, Possibilities and Prospects Reinventing ASEAN The Economies of Southeast Asia: The Growth and Development of ASEAN Economies Intl Institute of Strategic Studies (1990) M. E. Sharpe (1990) Univ of the Philippines Law Centre (1997) St Martins Press (1997) Macmillan (1982) Macmillan (1990) ASEAN Academic Press (1997) Routledge (2003) Intl Inst for Strategic Studies (1999) Lynee Rienner Publishers (2002) Palgrave (2001) New York (1987) ISEAS (1992) ASEAN Secretariat (2002) Nanyang Univ Paper Series (1976) ISEAS (2003) Univ of Toronto (1996) Centre for Strategic and International Studies (1995) Eastern University Press (2003) Chulalongkorn Univ (1973) ISEAS (2001) Cheltenham (1998)

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