Final

TIMES (The Institute Of Management &Emerging Sciences Multan) |1
Abstract
The exchange of information or services among individuals, groups, or institutions is known as networking. Networking in Pakistan, like most of the developed world, involves significant use of media to maintain relationships. This is not the use of media for faraway alters where in person contact is difficult, but media use within the very fabric of everyday life alongside in person contact. Different types of networking we use and deal with in everyday life for example the use of Mobile, Internet. Its now our need and want to use both of them. Many people are against the most use of these both but the fact remains these are our needs now it has disadvantages but also have a lot advantages. Most of the people now a days use social networking a lot for their daily life .Some say it has left a effect on young kids that they dont like to play outside they just sit down in their rooms just use facebook or twiter. They dont study much because of it they just start open and start messaging to friends and just talk. Some parents think these kinds of things are not good for kids .They dont take part in games or other activities they even dont concentrate on their studies its like a phobia to use social networking website like facebook just to enjoy. But some have different reviews they say they read some topics on internet especially on facebook they have pages where they can study their topics and ask help from people around the world and discuss their studies and other activities. I have researched and made this thesis to know the advantages /disadvantages and the use of social networking because its part of our lives now weather people like it or not .Its now in our mobile TV etc. just one click and we are on network. This mostly depend on the individual use how a person using what he wants and needs some use it for family contacts or make contacts. Some have habits to use it .not even social network websites the mobile sms is most used now days people just want to make contacts and have contacts with others. Other networking we do in our daily life is in office or in work somewhere where we share or exchange information on our computers. The advancements of media have led to us to where we can contact anywhere in the world. There was a time when letter took ages to reach to its destination now a days email reaches in seconds. People can now send different types of documents through internet. Surveys have been taken from different people from different age groups regarding their use of social networking and networking in daily life. I have more focused on Facebook because it is the most widely used social networking website in the world. Social networking websites (SNWs) have opened the doors of communication, allowing people from around the world to engage in identity creations and relationship development. As the leading SNW, Facebook boasts over 400 million active users, engaging in the Website on a daily basis to facilitate an ongoing dialogue of their identity and generating influence amongst their networks. Facebook users employ a number of features including notes (blog), games, chat, joining fan pages, starting groups, posting statuses, and writing on others walls. Through these experiences, users develop their self-concept and affiliates identities to create their image, and to produce their own spotlight through a micro celebrity experience on Facebook.
Ali Azfar Khan Niazi Technology)
M-IT(Masters Of Sciences in Information
Problem
The main problem and purpose for which am doing this thesis is to find out the reality of social networking it was not their 10 years before we use to use internet without it its just in last 5-6 years the internet have gone to social networking stuff and know we cant live without it its like blood in our veins we cant live without it. Different peoples have different concept about social networking everyone has their own theory about it some say it is bad influence on young people as they make relations and think that is real some got married through it some got divorced thinking that their lover loves someone else . So we can see it is affecting our lives its not a real thing its just in our computers but its our part of life now we are reacting and living through it. Some people change status like good morning am wake now some say going to some place so it has now become part of our lives. Young people liked it some older do but they say thats not a good thing to share personal things to others some people also say that its not a good idea to reveal personal stuff to others. Revealing personal information on internet can be dangerous so I have done survey to check the mentality of people about social networking in Pakistan as I live in Multan so I have done this survey with the people of Multan. I have tried to cover all the problem areas as the main problem for kids for their parents is time wastage on Facebook parents think they children dont study and waste time on Facebook a lot. But kids have different views about it they say they study on it so every person have its own story or view about social networking. its a great invention of technology as am also using internet from my school days we then dont have these kinds of websites to interact but now we all do it has change our habits we daily spend a lot of time on Facebook according to our interests. My reason for writing thesis on this topic is because I also want to aware people about these social networking websites that these are not that bad that they think. It is a way of social communication system in everyday life. Through it we interacts with one another not that bad as we think, influence of bad or good depends upon how the user use it. If someone uses it for bad purpose than its bad if it uses for good reasons than its good.
Chapter 1: Introduction
The writer of this thesis wants to tell the reader that our young generation does these things when they start their day. As we can see example the first thing that they do in the morning is turn on laptop (tiny computer than a big size computer). Then open explorer to browse internet which tells about few emails, several new tasks. I have completed my Masters in IT Im still looking for jobs I have applied on many websites some call some reject which was not possible in past now with just one click I can apply the job for my type. Some of these technologies are new to some people I have been using Facebook since my college days we use to discuss a lot on facebook like tests discussion etc. now mostly every young person of Pakistan is using facebook for its social activity now these technologies are our part of life. I interact with my friends and colleagues. But with the seemingly continual proliferation of new media technologies, is it possible to stop long enough and ask how these technologies, collectively, are affecting the practice of maintaining ties in everyday life? Practically speaking, how can scholars address the issues of a constantly changing media landscape with data that take so long to collect, code, and analyze that the objective conditions have changed before most results are published and distributed? We can do this because change happens at different scales. Some of these are minute and mere fashion (such as a choice between two competing social software programs, Facebook and MySpace), others are wedded to the life course or ones finances (such as whether there is a single computer in the home or one for every member). Some social changes take decades or generations, while others would change faster if only my social network could keep up with me. Returning to the anecdote about my morning, consider that each medium represents a slightly different slice of the people I know and interact with. My cell is primarily used to coordinate with my family, email is primarily for work ties and sharing novelties with my peers, Facebook is used as a social third space for friends and relatives. I use Twitter in a quasi-professional way to broadcast short life updates. I use instant messaging for emotional support at a distance and chatting with my spouse when I am on the road. And of course, my mailbox is used for greeting cards from my parents, relatives and the occasional friend. Of these, only the landline and the mailbox are fixed to a specific place, while the remainder is tethered to signal, either wireless or cellular. And none of them offer a complete picture of my relationships, although some do better than others. Now Ill give you a brief overview of my thesis. First chapter is about the nd introduction followed by Chapter 2 which includes literature and discussed briefly on Networking, Networks and Internet. Then I have explained Web services, Websites and social networking websites & their uses. Chapter 3rd is about features of social networking websites, what they provide and what they should provide to the users everything related to that is covered. Chapter 4th is about complete history about facebook. My whole thesis is mostly covered on facebook thats why whole chapter of explanation and history regarding facebook is present in this chapter. Chapter 5th is about information regarding my research work complete methodology about my research
Ali Azfar Khan Niazi Technology) M-IT(Masters Of Sciences in Information
is present I have conducted a research survey through different channels in which one of them is social media and the other is structured questionnaire. The structured questionnaire contains 23 questions through I have recorded information from the target sample. The target sample I selected for my research was 30 persons from different backgrounds. Research questionnaire is attached with thesis which further with analysis report of the research questionnaire. At the end I have given conclusion of my research followed by references and bibliography.
Chapter: 2 Literature Review The concept of Networking

Networking in everyday life is not necessarily an obvious concept. I have learned this in numerous conversations about my work, particularly at parties. People establish themselves by talking about their relation to the host and frequently asking what do you do? meaning employment. I mention that I study networking, and depending on the party I get one of two answers: Like shaking hands and introductions? or So like Facebook? At first I was a little bemused, as I had considered networking as a verb of social networks. That is, if I study how people maintain social networks, then surely I can say these people are networking, and thus, I am studying networking. Regardless of my intentions, the term networking has a certain cultural baggage. That said, the shift in response from introductions to Facebook highlights how this baggage is shifting as the term enters a sort of new cultural niche. I had neither of these terms in mind when considering this topic. Since I am swimming against the current of popular understanding of the term, it may be helpful to illustrate some popular notions of networking if only to differentiate them from a proposed definition. Networking as a term is most prominently found in popular (or pop) business. Networking in everyday life shares a number of features with these earlier concepts: it involves connections with a set of individuals (whether or not these individuals are neatly enumerated as they are on Facebook), there are contexts for action and there are undoubtedly benefits from specific alter, usually considered as social capital. But rather than considering networking in everyday life as a single concept that stands alongside these other two, I consider all three as social network-oriented forms of social action. Networking then is the active process of building, maintaining, and sustaining a specific set of mutually regarded relationships. In this broad definition networking, then, is a specific form of social action. So while networking in this sense may be a foreign term to everyday discourse, it is a long-term citizen of sociological theory as structure and agency. As such, I can make use of prior work on structure and agency in order to understand this phenomenon. In the following pages, I elaborate on a theory of structure and agency that is aligned to the consideration maintaining ties in everyday life. Networking on Facebook does not occur in a specific place or time. Rather one can network at anytime from anywhere with an Internet connection. However, who they network with is regulated by the specific friendship mechanisms set up on this site. In what ways are people accessible to each other via Facebook, and how is this different from other ways individuals are accessible? One can replace Facebook with virtually any
other media and ask the same question, insofar as each medium is a means for accessing ones personal network. This sets up a series of questions about the logic of networking. I contend that individuals are moving from logic of networking based on specific spacetime constraints to a logic based on access through affordances. That is, we are moving from logic of shared norms about the right spaces at the right times, to individualized perceptions of social structure based on the affordances of the media one uses. Granted, it has always been possible to consider affordances rather than objective features of contexts and media. However, when everyone adheres to similar perceptions of social structure (a normative view of social structure), it is not as relevant to consider affordances, since it is assumed that individuals are interpreting the time and space coordinates of social structure in a more or less similar manner. However, the current profusion of different ways in which one can perceive and access ones alters means that individuals will routinely pay attention to different ways of understanding who in their network is available and who is going to be available in the future. It is a shift from asking about how we network at events to how I network with my alters. This is precisely the shift in the common understanding of networking alluded to above. After having reviewed several logics of networking in everyday life, I reiterate that social life is moving from a focus on space-time social constraints to affordance-based social access. There I discuss the implications of this conclusion for the fragmentation of social life, potential Power struggles in the family and the network, and a shift in the way social capital is generatedfrom bowling alone to networking together.
Network
A computer network, or simply a network, is a collection of computers and other hardware components interconnected by communication channels that allow sharing of resources and information. Where at least one process in one device is able to send/receive data to from at least one process residing in a remote device, then the two devices are said to be in a network. Simply, more than one computer interconnected through a communication medium for information interchange is called a Computer network. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network)
Diagram 1 (Showing connected devices in network) (http://www.chicagocomputerfix.com/it-consulting.html)

In this diagram we can see that all the devices around the world are sharing their resources and information with each other
Networking
When two devices are connected with each other for information or resource sharing we call it they are networking
. Diagram 2 (Showing Computer Network) (http://networkcablingsolutions.net/) In this diagram we can see that all the clients on a computer network are connected to one server which is handling every activity of a network.
INTERNET
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet (often called TCP/IP, although not all applications use TCP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents of the World Wide Web (WWW) and the infrastructure to support email. ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet)
Diagram 3 (Showing connectivity of Internet) (http://computer.howstuffworks.com/web-server3.htm)

This diagram explains the way how the internet works first is world ISP (Internet Service Provider, which provides internet services) which is connected to our regional ISP then the regional ISP is connected to our local ISP which is connected with our homes and business networks through a phone line or wireless connectivity.
Website
A website, also written as Web site, web site, or simply site is a set of related web pages containing content such as text, images, video, audio, etc. A website is hosted on at least one web server, accessible via a network such as the Internet or a private local area network through an Internet address known as a Uniform Resource Locator. All publicly accessible websites collectively constitute the World Wide Web. A webpage is a document, typically written in plain text interspersed with formatting instructions of Hypertext Markup Language (HTML, XHTML). A webpage may incorporate elements from other websites with suitable markup anchors. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Website
Diagram 4 (Showing a Website) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dogpiledotcom_search_website.PNG
Diagram 5(Showing different People around the world communicating)

Social Networking Websites

Social networking websites (SNWs) have opened the doors of communication, allowing people from around the world to engage in identity creations and relationship development. As the leading SNW, Facebook boasts over 400 million active users, engaging in the Website on a daily basis to facilitate an ongoing dialogue of their identity and generating influence amongst their networks. Facebook users employ a number of features including notes (blog), games, chat, joining fan pages, starting groups, posting statuses, and writing on others walls. Through these experiences, users develop their self-concept and affiliate identities to create their image, and to produce their own spotlight through a micro celebrity experience on Facebook. As Facebook has created a boom in Pakistan some people have started using internet just to enjoy on Facebook. As we will see in our survey that people have different reactions about Facebook. Every age group has different thoughts of social networking websites. Some people discuss issues on Facebook some play games sometimes these companies act against some religions affairs like there were certain things happened against our religion Islam at that time we boycott the use of Facebook which makes them to remove such things. These social networking websites have to be careful with this matter they call it freedom of speech but make fun of other religions is not a good thing. Social networking websites should be cleaned which will make them better for every person to use I have searched mostly on Google for this thesis because as we all know we can find every type of content with the help of Google. Which makes it easier for us to research on some certain issues? Google have also tried to enter into social networking market they bought Orkut which was used before Facebook and was very famous but failed as Facebook started it started to gain popularity in the internet and every other social networking website lost its users and closed there was MySpace which was very famous but failed in front of Facebook. Facebook is also famous because its easy features which are given to users we can message easily we can voice chat on it we can also video chat on it which makes far away friends and family members to contact with each other easily now Facebook features are also available on mobile which makes it more easy to keep in touch with others. For these reasons other social networking websites failed in this field. When Facebook was started there were other social networking websites which were used at that time in 2004/2005 like Orkut MySpace Xanga net log etc.We can see a list of websites here on this link. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_social_networking_websites But at the end Facebook survives from them all and know every person is stick to this website I dont think there will be another website in the near future which can close Facebook down. Google also have launched their social network Google +(plus) but still they cant compete Facebook some other social networks LinkedIN ,Skyrock , there are also some websites which provides softwares in PHP to develop social network of your own such as PHP FOX and Social Engine are the PHP softwares which are used to create social network of our own. By their look they are same as Facebook including some features of Facebook also these PHP tools are great if we want to try and build our own social network we cant compete with these big business social network websites but still we can have a feel of running our own social networking website.
Diagram 6(Showing Different social networking websites)
A brief history
Now I will give you brief history of online social networks. The site Classmates.com is regarded as the first web site that allowed users to connect to other users. It began in 1995 as a site for users to reconnect with previous classmates and currently it has over 40 million registered users. However, Classmates.com did not allow users to create links to other users; rather, it allowed users to link to each other only via schools they had attended. In 1997, the site SixDegrees.com was created, which was the first social networking site that allowed users to create links directly to other users. As such, SixDegrees.com is the first site that meets the definition of an online social network from above. Online social networks began to grow in popularity as more users became connected to the Internet. In the early 2000s, a number of general-purpose sites for finding friends were established, the most notable of which is Friendster. Friendster was focused on allowing friends-of-friends to meet, beginning as a rival to the online dating site Match.com. Other, similar sites created in the same timeframe include in 2003, MySpace was created as an alternative to Friendster and the others. MySpace allowed users to heavily customize the appearance of their profile, which proved very popular with users, causing MySpace to quickly become the largest online social network. As of this writing, MySpace has 247 million user accounts, over twice as many as the second most popular network, Facebook. For a more complete history and analysis of the evolution of online social networks, we refer the reader to the numerous papers by boyd. With the rise in popularity of online social networks, many other types of sites began to include social networking features. Examples include multimedia content sharing sites (Flickr , YouTube , and Zoomr ), blogging sites (Live Journal and BlogSpot ), professional networking sites (LinkedIn and Ryze ), and news aggregation sites (Digg , Reddit , and del.icio.us ). All of these sites have different goals but employ the common strategy of exploiting the social network to improve their sites. The list
TIMES (The Institute Of Management &Emerging Sciences M u l t a n ) | 10
above is not meant to be exhaustive, as new sites are being created regularly. For a more complete and up-to-date list of the notable online social networking sites, we refer the reader to Wikipedia the sociological aspects behind the rapid growth and adoption of social networking sites are also the subject of much scholarship. One of the primary reasons that have been noted for popularity of social networking sites is their user-centric nature. The content that is shared on social networking sites is often information about the users themselves, such as their status, photos, and so forth. For more details, we refer the reader to the work by boyd
Web Services (WS)

The underlying strengths of the WS are to integrate with applications that are diverse and heterogeneous in nature ranging from varied applications, operating systems, and hardware platforms. According to Gartner, Web Service (WS) is a loosely coupled remote procedure call that would replace todays tightly coupled Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs) which require application and protocol specific Application Programming Interface (API) connections. Features of the WS include platform independent technologies that can ease delivery of network based services over the intranet or the Internet. They can integrate personal computers (PCs), hand held devices, databases, and networks into one computing platform via web browsers so that services are run on web-based servers. Vaughan-Nichols defines WS as a mechanism to utilize the existing IT infrastructure and allow the organizations to wrap their existing legacy applications in a standardized, consistent, and reusable format so that the companies can collaborate with their business partners to connect their internal applications in a cost effective manner. Dave Spicer of Flamenco Networks says that, Adoption of XML as a standard lead to the development of WS. The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is the most important WS standard basis for many other WS standards. Papazoglou introduces the concept of WS as A software system available via a network such as the Internet to complete tasks, solve problems, and conduct transactions on behalf of users or applications. To accomplish a task, WS are used for discovering and invoking network available services rather than building new applications. SOA helps WS framework to implement publishing, discovering, and binding. According to Curbera et al. The activities are identified by three different areas, the communication protocols, the service descriptions, and the service discovery. The Communication protocol (SOAP) enables communication among the WS, Web Service Description Language (WSDL) provides a description of the WS and the Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI) provides the list of WS in the registry with their descriptions. SOAP and REST are the communication mechanisms for the WS. SOAP is a protocol that can be used in different architectures while the REST is an architectural style (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_service).
Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is the use of computing resources (hardware and software) that are delivered as a service over a network (typically the Internet). The name comes from the use of a cloud-shaped symbol as an abstraction for the complex
infrastructure it contains in system diagrams. Cloud computing entrusts remote services with a user's data, software and computation. Cloud computing means that all the processing is done on one server our client just sends data to it, all the things are managed on one server. Traditionally, the development of web applications in an organization starts at the infrastructure level at which an organization creates its own websites. Initially, a small group of people interact with the website. As the demand for applications increases, organizations need to buy servers hosting their website or rent it to host on other severs to improve its scalability. Usually at this level organizations spend lots of money, time and resources to host a website and to keep it running all the time. Hayes summarizes that technology advancements in the past 50 years have changed vastly with the human needs. Time-sharing machines which had a central hub and individual users at the terminals communicated with the central site using telephone lines for computing and later personal computers appeared which focused on decentralization of data and programs and gave rise to client server model. Armrest et al. states that today computing is offered similar to utility services like electricity, gas, water, and telephone where users can access the services based on their requirements. It is available to users with less costs and minimum delay. The users accessing the services need not know where the servers are located, how the services are delivered, or how to maintain the servers. Several computing paradigms have promised the vision of delivering utility computing and these include Cluster Computing, Grid Computing, and CC. Among these CC has recently emerged where enterprises and users are able to access applications on demand. CC has developed a mechanism to cut down costs of hosting, scaling an application, improving reliability, security, sustainability, location independence. Thus the importance of CC is on developing the software and making it available as a service rather than running it on individual computers. Armstrong et al and Barnett explain the term Cloud Computing as the applications delivered as services over the Internet. The hardware and software in datacenters provide services which are called as the SaaS. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing)
Cloud Computing Models

IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS are three forms of CC(Cloud Computing)
SAAS
The SaaS model focuses on hosting the applications by a service provider or vendor and making it available to its users over a network. The SaaS model is becoming popular with the support of existing technologies like WS and SOA. It is different from other software models by avoiding the need to purchase or maintain computer hardware and infrastructure related to run the application. The SaaS model generally prices the applications on a per-user basis or per-business basis. The revenues for the software vendors are initially lower than the traditional software license procedure but it is a recurring process. It is predicted to be similar to maintenance costs for the licensed software. Benefits of SaaS include easier administration, limiting the infrastructure and installation, compatibility of the software among all users, automatic updates, global accessibility, and allowing easier collaboration with other parties. Examples of SaaS are the Googles Gmail which scales to a large measure, and Fortivas email archiving service which addresses the need for email e-discovery.
PAAS
The PaaS delivers a computing platform as a service. It provides all facilities required for developing a complete life cycle of applications from building the web application to delivering application. Using tools developers build applications and
deploy them without the need for specialized administration skills. The benefits of the PaaS model are the ability to develop, deploy and maintain the web applications oneself by overcoming problems with traditional development where there is a backend server development, front end client development and the web site administration. Examples of PaaS model are force.com from the Sales Force infrastructure, Microsoft Azure, and the GAE from Google based on Python and Java languages.
IAAS
The IaaS model uses the equipment leased by the service provider to support operations, storage, hardware, servers and the networking components. In this model, the service provider owns the equipment and is responsible for maintaining and running it. The resources can scale up and down based on the requirement and thus users pay for the services based on the consumption levels .The IaaS model is in the form of a virtualized computing environment in which users can deploy their applications in a virtual image locally and then execute it within a remote environment without worrying about the underlying network infrastructure or the server. Examples of IaaS are BlueLock which is used to configure servers, storage and virtual machines, and EC2.
Communities in online social networks

Communities are interesting for a variety of reasons. For example, users in a community tend to interact frequently, often share interests, and trust each other to some extent. Therefore, communities are useful, for instance, for guiding information dissemination and acquisition, in recommending or introducing people who would likely benefit from direct interaction, and in expressing access control policies. Many algorithms for automatically detecting communities in social networks have been proposed. However, these algorithms have never been tested over real online social networks at scale. We use detailed data from an online social network to study the effectiveness of existing approaches for detecting communities. We collect detailed data about the members of a university in the Facebook social network and analyze the structure of communities in our data. We find that users are often members of multiple overlapping communities. We then examine whether these multiple communities can be automatically detected. Most existing algorithms have only been evaluated on nonsocial networks, and we find that they do not perform well in detecting the multiple overlapping communities that exist in current social networks. We propose and evaluate a new algorithm that can infer memberships of multiple, potentially overlapping communities, when given information about a small subset of the community members. The algorithm uses the ratio between the number of links within a community and number of links between the community and the rest of the network. We demonstrate that the algorithm works well in practice: even if community membership information is only known for as few as 20% of the users, the remaining members of the community can be determined with high accuracy.
Leveraging relationships
Now we will discuss that leverage social networks to solve open systems challenges. We present a system that exploits the difficulty in establishing and maintaining relationships in social networks to address the problem of unwanted communication. Internet-based communication systems such as email, instant messaging (IM), voice-over-IP (VoIP), online social networks, and content sharing sites allow communication at near zero marginal cost to users. Any user with an inexpensive Internet connection has the potential to reach millions of users. This property has
democratized content publication: anyone can publish content, and anyone interested in the content can obtain it. Unfortunately, the same property can be abused for the purpose of unsolicited marketing, propaganda, or disruption of legitimate communication. We describe a method that exploits existing relationships among users in an online social network to impose a cost on the senders of unwanted communication. Our system, Ostra, (i) relies on existing social networks to connect senders and receivers via chains of pairwise relationships; (ii) uses a pairwise, linkbased credit scheme that imposes a cost on senders of unwanted communication without requiring sender authentication or global identities; and (iii) relies on feedback from receivers to classify unwanted communication. Ostra ensures that unwanted communication strains the senders relationships, even if the sender has no direct relationship with the ultimate recipient of the communication. A user who continues to send unwanted communication will eventually lose the ability to communicate. An evaluation of Ostra on traces from an online social network demonstrate that it can effectively block unwanted communication
Leveraging shared interest

We demonstrate how to leverage communities in online social networks to help users find interesting content. Users increasingly share content, recommendations, opinions, and ratings using online social networks. However, the growing number of users and the increasing variety and volume of shared information on these sites aggravates two fundamental problems in information sharing: privacy and relevance. Since users are often sharing personal information, privacy and access control is critical. Additionally, since the volume of shared content is growing at an enormous rate, finding relevant information is becoming increasingly difficult. We argue that communities are an important concept that can offer a solution to this 10 growing dilemma. Most online social networks today allow only very coarse-grained content sharing policies: users typically have the options of sharing content with (subsets of) their direct friends or with everyone. Communities can provide a natural middle ground, allowing convenient sharing among groups of users who do not necessarily know each other but who are close together in the social network. Also, communities often represent sets of users with common interests, a fact that can be naturally leveraged by systems to provide information that is relevant at a local, rather than global, scope. Using empirical data from an online social network and from a system deployment, we demonstrate the potential for using communities in online social networks. We have built and deployed Perspective, a system that leverages communities in a social network in order to aid Web search. Perspective automatically indexes browsed pages and transparently inserts relevant pages viewed by friends into Web search results. The results are aggregated over the community and presented alongside the normal search results. Using data from a PeerSpective deployment, we demonstrate that communities represent groups of users with shared interests, and that PeerSpective provides a measurable improvement to Web search.
Definition and purpose

For the purposes of this thesis, we define an online social network to be a system where (a) users are first class entities with a semi-public profile, (b) users can create explicit links to other users or content items, and (c) users can navigate the social network by browsing the links and profiles of other users. This
definition is consistent with the use of previous studies online social networks serve a number of purposes, but three primary roles stand out as common across all sites. First, online social networks are used to maintain and strengthen existing social ties, or make new social connections. The sites allow users to articulate and make visible their social networks, thereby communicating with people who are already a part of their extended social network. Second, online social networks are used by each member to upload her own content. Note that the content shared often varies from site to site, and sometimes is only the users profile itself. Third, online social networks are used to find new, interesting content by filtering, recommending, and organizing the content uploaded by users.
Construction of Online Identity

Marketing scholars Schau and Gilly write that, we may indeed be what we have self-presented, but we are also a great deal more (http://www.marketing.eller.arizona.edu/docs/papers/Hope%20Schau/Schau_Gilly_JCR _2003.pdf). The research of this study explores the reasons why Facebook users are prone to emphasize particular aspects of their identity and remove tags from areas inconsistent with their constructed being. Engaging in online identity construction allows users to define themselves by more than just their actual identity schemas, labels we place on ourselves (e.g. student, mother or husband). Instead, Facebook provides users the opportunity to share interests, ideas (blog), appealing images, and their identity amongst a public network. Users manage forums such as Facebook to produce their desired image by communicating through symbolic, digital stimuli. In what Schau and Gilly refer to as authenticating acts or self-referential behaviors, users feel free to reveal their true self, and frequently multiple selves online. In this manner, users select the best representations of themselves to strengthen the link between their actual and their ideal (desired) identity. Creating an online representation of oneself with linguistic content, imagery and brand associations, users consider their self-concept, our mental conception of whom we are (Hoyer and MacInnis). With their self-concept schema; users are prone to activate the ideal identity schema. This schema describes how the identity we seek would be realized in its ideal form (Hoyer and MacInnis). For users, these cognitive processes underlying self-concept schemas lay the foundation for the way Facebook users construct their identities. Produce their desired image by communicating through symbolic, digital stimuli. In what Schau and Gilly refer to as authenticating acts or self-referential behaviors, users feel free to reveal their true self, and frequently multiple selves online. In this manner, users select the best representations of themselves to strengthen the link between their actual and their ideal (desired) identity. Creating an online representation of oneself with linguistic content, imagery and brand associations, users consider their self-concept, our mental conception of whom we are (Hoyer and MacInnis). With their self-concept schema; users are prone to activate the ideal identity schema. This schema describes how the identity we seek would be realized in its ideal form (Hoyer and MacInnis ). For users, these cognitive processes underlying self-concept schemas lay the foundation for the way Facebook users construct their identities. The value of being able to continuously update ones profile is highly impacted by the theory of social comparison, in which social networkers use one another as a means to assess their own identities. Zhang and Daughtery claim that the social networking experience is a platform for users to compare against each other, and confirm or even enhance their selfidentity. Users are prone to use others as a yardstick to determine their social position, construct selfconcepts, and acquire self-esteem, all the while making sense of themselves and their
surroundings. The accessibility of networkers photos, comment histories and videos provide a substantial amount of material to make judgments about others identities. By processing the available signs and symbols, users themselves can become more critical of the image they project.
Chapter: 3 Features of social networking websites

We now give a brief overview of the mechanisms and policies that most online social networks provide or facilities provided by social networking websites to users.
Users
Full participation in online social networks requires users to register a (pseudo) identity1 with the network, though some sites do allow browsing public data without explicit sign-on. Users may volunteer information about themselves (e.g., their birthday, place of residence, interests, etc.), all of which constitutes the users profile. The social network itself is composed of links between users. Some sites allow users to link to any other user (without consent from the link recipient), while other sites follow a two-phase procedure that only allows a link to be established when both parties agree. Certain sites, such as Flickr, have social networks with directed links (meaning a link from A to B does not imply the presence of a reverse link), whereas others, such as Orkut, have social networks with undirected links. Users link to other users for numerous reasons. The target of a link may be a real-world acquaintance, a business contact, a virtual acquaintance, someone who shares the same interests, someone who uploads interesting content, and so on. In fact, some users even consider the acquisition of many links to be a goal in itself. When compared to links in the Web, links in online social networks combine the functionality of both hyperlinks and bookmarks. A users links, along with her profile, are usually visible to those who visit the users account. Thus, users are able to navigate the social network by following user to- user links, browsing the profile information and any contributed content of visited users as they go. Certain sites, including LinkedIn, only allow browsing of profiles within the users own neighborhood (i.e., a user can only view other users that are within two hops), while other sites, such as Flickr; allow users to view any other user in the system.
Groups
Most sites also enable users to create special interest groups, which are akin to Usenet newsgroups. Users can post messages to groups (visible to all group members) and even upload shared content to the group. Certain groups are moderated, and admission to the group is controlled by a single group maintainer, while other groups are open for any member to join. All sites today require explicit group declaration by users; users must manually create groups, appoint administrators (if necessary), and declare which groups they are a member of. Certain sites (such as Facebook) create a few prepopulated groups based on the domain of users email addresses, but the majority of groups do not fall into this category. The primary use of groups in todays networks is to either express access control policies or to provide a forum for shared content. Examples of the former include sites like Facebook, which, by default, allows only users located in
the same geographic Location or organization to view each others profiles. Examples of the latter are more common, including Flickrs shared photo groups and Orkuts communities feature.
Content
Once an identity is created, users of content-sharing sites can upload content onto their account. Many such sites enable users to mark content as public (visible to anyone) or private (visible only to their immediate friends), and to tag content with labels. Many sites, such as YouTube, allow users to upload an unlimited amount of content, while other sites, such as Flickr, require that users either pay a subscription fee or be subject to an upload limit. All of the content uploaded by a given user is listed in the users profile, allowing other users to browse through the social network to discover new content. Typically, the content is automatically indexed, and, if publicly available, made accessible via a textual search. An example is Flickrs photo search, which allows users to locate photos by searching based on tags and comments. Once on the site, users can submit their uploaded content into groups that they are a member of. The privacy settings often allow for the content to be accessible only by group members. Moreover, the sites generally allow users to browse the content uploaded to groups they are members of. Users are also often allowed to create favorite lists, which link to a users favorite content uploaded by other users. These favorite lists are also generally publicly accessible from the users profile page. Similarly, most sites allow users to comment on pieces of content, much like a Usenet posting, and the comments appear alongside the piece of content itself. Finally, many sites contain most popular content lists, which contain the most popular content items (in terms of the number of views, comments, or ratings) that have been recently uploaded. Users can browse these lists to find new content to view. A notable example is YouTubes top-100 lists, where popularity is based on the number of views, comments, or favorite-markings a video has recently received
A new form of information exchange

To underscore how online social networks represent different information distribution systems relative to systems like the Web, we focus briefly in this section on how content is spread in todays networks. Most of the sites we study are designed for sharing content: Flickr, YouTube, and LiveJournal are used for publishing, organizing, locating, and distributing photos, videos, and blogs, respectively.
Shared interest
Adjacent users in a social network also tend to share common interests. Users browse neighboring regions of their social network because they are likely to find content that is of interest to them. Systems such as Yahoo My Web, Google Co-op, and PeerSpective use social networks to rank Internet search results relative to the interests of a users social network. Using the content viewed and search results clicked on by members of a social network, these systems to rank the results of the members future searches more accurately. Clearly, understanding the structure of online social networks, as well as the processes that shape them, is important for these applications. For example, efficient algorithms are needed for inferring the actual degree of shared interest between two users, or the reliability of a user (as perceived by other users). It is also important to understand the robustness of such networks to deliberate attempts of manipulation. These topics are beyond the scope of this thesis; however, a fundamental understanding of online social network structure is likely to be a necessary first step.
Content exchange
The phenomenal popularity of social networking sites like YouTube, Flickr, and MySpace represents a shift in how content is published, located, and distributed on the Internet. Understanding how content diffuses through these networks and becomes popular over time is not only of academic interest, but is increasingly important in commercial advertising, in political campaigning, and ultimately to society. In fact, a number of research efforts have proposed viral marketing campaigns to leverage the word-of-mouth effect. In 2007 alone, $1.2 billion was spent on advertisement in online social networks worldwide, and this is expected to triple by 2011. Understanding how information flows among users of online communities is an important step toward the design and analysis of future information dissemination systems. Understanding how information flows in online social networks can also aid designers of current social networking systems. If, for example, one can predict the relative popularity of newly introduced objects, caching and pre-fetching schemes can be created to reduce the latency and bandwidth required by the site. Since many of the currently popular sites rely primarily on advertising for revenue, reducing distribution costs for multimedia content is clearly a pressing issue. Understanding how content flows through social networks also has the potential to improve search algorithms. By examining the content that users view or mark as a favorite, sites may be able to suggest other content that may be of interest to the user. Many have noted that the age of the Internet has enabled much greater diversity in preferences and tastes; using online social networks appears to be a natural approach to further discover and refine taste finally, understanding how content is exchanged in online social networks can help guide the designers of future systems. Social networks have already proven to be useful in a number of different contexts, and we are seeing new sites popping using social networks to predict music preferences, find potential job applications, and share content. By understanding the user structure and the properties of information flow, designers of future systems have a empirical basis for designing and provisioning their systems.
Chapter: 4 History of Facebook

Facebook is a social networking service launched in February 2004, owned and operated by Facebook, Inc. As of September 2012, Facebook has over one billion active users, more than half of them using Facebook on a mobile device. Users must register before using the site, after which they may create a personal profile, add other users as friends, and exchange messages, including automatic notifications when they update their profile. Additionally, users may join commoninterest user groups, organized by workplace, school or college, or other characteristics, and categorize their friends into lists such as "People from Work" or "Close Friends". Facebook was founded by Mark Zuckerberg with his college roommates and fellow students Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes. The website's membership was initially limited by the founders to Harvard students, but was expanded to other colleges in the Boston area, the Ivy League, and Stanford University. It gradually added support for students at various other universities before opening to high school students, and eventually to anyone aged 13 and over. However, according to a May 2011 Consumer Reports survey, there are 7.5 million children under 13 with
accounts and 5 million under 10, violating the site's terms of service. At January 2009 Compete.com study ranked Facebook as the most used social networking service by worldwide monthly active users. Entertainment Weekly included the site on its endof-the-decade "best-of" list, saying, "How on earth did we stalk our exes, remember our co-workers' birthdays, bug our friends, and play a rousing game of Scrabulous before Facebook?" Critics, such as Facebook Detox,[ state that Facebook has turned into a national obsession in the United States, resulting in vast amounts of time lost and encouraging narcissism. Quant cast estimates Facebook has 138.9 million monthly unique U.S. visitors in May 2011. According to Social Media Today, in April 2010 an estimated 41.6% of the U.S. population had a Facebook account. Nevertheless, Facebook's market growth started to stall in some regions, with the site losing 7 million active users in the United States and Canada in May 2011. In September 2012, Zuckerberg speaking about the drop in his company's market value described the decline as "disappointing" - the value of Facebook being almost half the $38 debut price in May 2012. Facebook allows any users who declare they are at least 13 years old to become registered users of the site. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Facebook)
Diagram7 (Showing Facebook login page) (www.facebook.c om)
Brief view on Facebook

Mark Zuckerberg wrote Facemash, the predecessor to Facebook, on October 28, 2003, while attending Harvard as a sophomore. According to The Harvard Crimson, the site was comparable to Hot or Not, and "used photos compiled from the online Facebooks of nine houses, placing two next to each other at a time and asking users to choose the 'hotter' person To accomplish this, Zuckerberg hacked into the protected areas of Harvard's computer network and copied the houses' private dormitory ID images. Harvard at that time did not have a student "Facebook" (a directory with photos and basic information), though individual houses had been issuing their own paper Facebooks since the mid-1980s. Facemash attracted 450 visitors and 22,000 photo-views in its first four hours online. The site was quickly forwarded to several campus group list-servers, but was shut down a few days later by the Harvard administration. Zuckerberg was charged by the administration with breach
of security, violating copyrights, and violating individual privacy, and faced expulsion. Ultimately, the charges were dropped. Zuckerberg expanded on this initial project that semester by creating a social study tool ahead of an art history final, by uploading 500 Augustan images to a website, with one image per page along with a comment section. He opened the site up to his classmates, and people started sharing their notes. The following semester, Zuckerberg began writing code for a new website in January 2004. He was inspired, he said, by an editorial in The Harvard Crimson about the Facemash incident. On February 4, 2004, Zuckerberg launched "The Facebook", originally located at thefacebook.com. Six days after the site launched, three Harvard seniors, Cameron Winklevoss, Tyler Winklevoss, and Divya Narendra, accused Zuckerberg of intentionally misleading them into believing he would help them build a social network called HarvardConnection.com, while he was instead using their ideas to build a competing product. The three complained to the Harvard Crimson, and the newspaper began an investigation. The three later filed a lawsuit against Zuckerberg, subsequently settling. Membership was initially restricted to students of Harvard College, and within the first month, more than half the undergraduate population at Harvard was registered on the service. Eduardo Saverin (business aspects), Dustin Moskovitz (programmer), Andrew McCollum (graphic artist), and Chris Hughes soon joined Zuckerberg to help promote the website. In March 2004, Facebook expanded to Stanford, Columbia, and Yale. It soon opened to the other Ivy League schools, Boston University, New York University, MIT, and gradually most universities in Canada and the United States. Facebook was incorporated in mid-2004, and the entrepreneur Sean Parker, who had been informally advising Zuckerberg, became the company's president. In June 2004, Facebook moved its base of operations to Palo Alto, California. It received its first investment later that month from PayPal co-founder Peter Thiel. The company dropped The from its name after purchasing the domain name facebook.com in 2005 for $200,000. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook)
Evolution
Dramatically changing the landscape of identity construction, Internet technology has mobilized people around the world to re-conceptualize their image. We are moving from rooted identities based on place, and toward hybrid and flexible forms of identity (Easthope, 2009). Where identity was once ascribed by family name and reputation, users now exert the utmost influence in shaping their virtual image to reflect both actual and ideal identities. Interpersonal interactions mold the construction and perceptions of ones offline and online identity. However, Whang and Chang (2010) believe, the development of online relationships differs from offline relationships because of the features of the internet. As an example, physical attractiveness plays a crucial role in the development of offline relationships but not in that of cyberrelationships. Social networking Websites (SNWs) provides a medium for users to express themselves beyond physical features and labels, to share experiences, discuss interests, and influence one another in a selective network. In addition, social networking Websites are not constrained by the same geographic boundaries as real life networks;
allowing users to make and develop relationships with individuals of similar interests around the world. Lastly, SNWs provide an optimal format for users to keep a personal narrative going in which they integrate events which happen in the external world, and sort them into an ongoing story about the self. The fundamental differences between CMEs and SNWs create a new platform for identity construction online. Facebook and personal Websites differ in three key areas, interactivity, standardization, and usability. Regarding interactivity, personal Website users tend to log-in and update their information less frequently. In the context of Facebook, 60 million status updates are posted each day (Hepburn, 2010). In addition, communication with Website viewers is also limited in personal Websites (CMEs). In contrast, half of Facebooks active users log-in daily, instantaneously responding to pokes, friend requests, status updates, and comments. The uniform format of all Facebook profiles challenges users to be more expressive and strategic to distinguish their identity. Personal Websites are unique by comparison; each personal Website is a reflection of the users time, knowledge, and effort to enhance their site through graphics and various links. The last difference is ease of use. The technology acceptance model posits that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use determine an individual's intention to use a system (Wade and Schneberger). The substantial learning curve associated with personal Websites makes them less common, as their use is restricted to more motivated or knowledgeable users. On the other hand, Young explains that the interaction is not merely between individual and tool (computer that is) but rather a form of socialization that is underpinned by ones conscious decision to create an online identity that is accessible to others. Therefore when a person has the social motivation to join a networking site they work to overcome learning curves to participate in a fulfilling social experience. The lower learning curve of Facebook allows users of all ages and skills to actively socialize and participate with a minimal time investment to use the site. The ease of use of todays leading SNWs has resulted in millions of people using these sites to connect with others. As in other social situations, users construct and present their identity through the profile. Peluchette and Karl explain that Facebook provides a profile Facebook: Influence and Identity (www.uwlax.edu/faculty/brooks/.../facebook%20article.pdf). Template which prompts for different kinds of personal information (e.g., favorite quotations, political affiliation, favorite music and education), [and] users have considerable freedom to provide such information or not and to post any other information or pictures of their choice. As in personal Websites, Facebook participants use their creativity to define themselves through digital collages using symbols and signs to represent and express their selfconcepts (Schau and Gilly). The object of this study is to understand the process of how individuals define themselves, and what attributes of their identity they find most important to share with their network. Drawing upon the established theories of selfconcept and social distance corollary, this research examines the routes users employ to identify themselves. Uncovering user self-perceptions and applying aspects of social comparison is an especially appropriate topic in the context of social networking. It is in this forum that users can obtain immediate feedback on their personal views, consumption, and thus their identity. Understanding how users construct identity in Facebook has implication for products, services, and advertising that is related to Facebook and other social networks
(Mark Zuckerberg owner of Facebook)
Features of Facebook
(Diagram 8 showing some features of Facebook) (http://wit hfriendshi p.com/user/mithunss/facebook-features.php)
Chat
(Diagram9 showing Facebook chat) (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_features) On April 5, 2008, Facebook pre-released Facebook Chat. As of April 23, 2008, Facebook Chat was released to the entire Facebook user base. Users may chat with their Facebook friends on a one-to-one basis, or a user may chat with multiple friends simultaneously through the groups feature. Instant messaging clients that currently support Facebook Chat include Yahoo! Messenger version 11.0 and later, Skype version 5 or later, AOLInstantMessenger, eBuddy, Flock, Miranda,IM, Trillian, Empathy, Pidgin, Adium, FIM (Windows Mobile / Windows Phone 7), Palringo (Windows
Mobile), Meebo, Tokbox as well as QIP Infium with a Firefox plugin. Windows Live Messenger 2011 (Wave 4) can connect to Facebook as well. Facebook Chat can also be run on the desktop using Gabtastik, a dedicated web chat browser. Facebook Chat can also be run on the iPhone using Facebook Chat for iPhone app. Facebook also released the official app for iPad. Facebook chat is also available to use for Blackberry users via the Blackberry Facebook app. On May 13, 2008, a Facebook developer announced that they are working on XMPP support, allowing hundreds of instant messaging clients to interoperate with the service; this functionality became operational on February 10, 2010. In November 2010, Facebook released a major upgrade of its Messages feature, which merged Chat and E-mail into the Inbox. However, users can still only chat with friends and group members. As of August 2011, Facebook Chat supports video chat. Upon using the feature for the first time users must download a plug-in for their web . Facebook Messenger was released for various mobile operating systems in August 2011 and for Windows 7 in December (an "official" release was made available for Windows 7 on March 5, 2012). Since April 2011 Facebook users have had the ability to make live voice calls via Facebook Chat, allowing users to chat with others from all over the world. This feature, which is provided free through T-Mobile's new Bobsled service, lets the user add voice to the current Facebook Chat as well as leave voice messages on Facebook. On July 6, 2011, Facebook launched its video calling services using Skype as its technology partner. It allows one to one calling using a Skype Rest API.
Credits
Facebook Credits are a virtual currency users can use to buy gifts, and virtual goods in many games and applications on the Facebook platform. As of July 2010, users of Facebook can purchase Facebook credits in Australian Dollars, British Pound, Canadian Dollars,Chilean Peso, Colombian Peso, Danish Krone, Euro, Hong Kong Dollar, Japanese Yen, Norwegian Krone, Swedish Krona, Swiss Franc, Turkish Lira, US Dollars, and Venezuelan Bolivar. Facebook credits can be used sufaesr as on many popular games such as Happy Aquarium, Happy Island, Zoo Paradise, Happy Pets, Hello City, It Girl, Farmville, and Mafia Wars.
Friend
"Friending" someone is the act of sending another user a friend request on Facebook. Once the friend request is set, the two people are Facebook friends once the receiving party accepts the friend request. In addition to accepting the request, the user has the option of declining the friend request or hiding it using the "Not Now" feature. Deleting a friend request removes the request, but does allow the sender to resend it in the future. The "Not Now" feature hides the request but does not delete it, allowing the receiver to revisit the request at a later date. It is also possible to remove a user from one's friends, which is referred to as "unfriending" by Facebook. Many Facebook users also refer to the process as "de-friending". "Unfriend" was New Oxford American Dictionary's word of the year in 2009. Facebook does not notify a user if they have been unfriended, but there are scripts that provide this functionality. There has also been a study on why Facebook users unfriend each other: a lack of similarity, especially between ages, and few mutual friendships were the dominant factors correlating with unfriending, all of which mirrors the decline of physical-world relationships. Facebook
profiles also have advanced privacy features to restrict content to certain users, such as non-friends or persons on a specific list.
Listen with Friends

Listen with Friends allows Facebook users to listen to music at the same time as their friends and discuss the tunes using Facebook Chat. Users can also listen in as a group while one friend acts as a deejay. Up to 50 friends can listen to the same song at the same time, and chat about it. Every-time a user begins listening to music with a friend, a 'story will be posted to her/his friends' ticker and/or news feeds. Users will have control over who will be able to see when they are listening with a friend through their App Settings page after installing the compatible music app.
Facebook Live
On August 13, 2010, Facebook launched a new service called "Facebook Live", a live streaming video channel that is intended to keep Facebook users updated to what is happening on the social networking site. The service, powered by Livestream, will feature videos from Facebook staff members and celebrity interviews, but is not designed for Facebook users to showcase their own videos. All the content shown on Facebook Live will have some tie-in with Facebook products, features, or how people are using the site. Facebook said this is not an opening to get them into the video distribution space. The first official guest was America Ferrera, the leading actress in the television series Ugly Betty. She discussed her new independent film The Dry Land that was being promoted almost exclusively through social media channels.
IPv6
According to a June 2010 report by Network World, Facebook said that it was offering "experimental, non-production" support for IPv6, the long-anticipated upgrade to the Internet's main communications protocol. The news about Facebook's IPv6 support was expected; Facebook told Network World in February 2010, that it planned to support native IPv6 user requests "by the midpoint of this year". In a presentation at the Google IPv6 Implementers Conference, Facebook's network engineers said it was "easy to make [the] site available on v6". Facebook said it deployed dual-stack IPv4 and IPv6 support on its routers, and that it made no changes to its hosts in order to support IPv6. Facebook also said it was supporting an emerging encapsulation mechanism known as Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol (LISP), which separates Internet addresses from endpoint identifiers to improve the scalability of IPv6 deployments. "Facebook was the first major Web site on LISP (v4 and v6)", Facebook engineers said during their presentation. Facebook said that using LISP allowed them to deploy IPv6 services quickly with no extra cost. Facebook's IPv6 services are available at www.facebook.com m.v6.facebook.com, www.lisp6.facebook.com and m.lisp6.facebook.com.
Like
Described by Facebook as a way to "give positive feedback and connect with things you care about", users can "like" status updates, comments, photos, and links posted by their friends, as well as adverts, by clicking the "Like" button at the bottom of the content. This makes the content appear in their friends' News feeds. The "Like Button" is also available for use on websites outside Facebook: "When the user clicks the
Like button on a site, a story appears in the user's friends' News Feed with a link back to the website". At the same time when any visitor, including non-Facebook members and logged out users, visit a site with the Like Button, their presence on the site is recorded by Facebook. Introduced in April 2010, by September 2010 over 350,000 sites had installed it. A "Like Box" also allows Facebook page owners to see how many users and which of their friends like the page. From the end of 2010 and in the US, Microsoft's Bing search engine identifies which links in the results have been "Liked" by the searcher's Facebook friends. A lawsuit was filed in Los Angeles in 2010 claiming the Facebook should not allow minors to "like" advertising; Facebook said the suit was "completely without merit". Because websites with a "Like Button" send IP address information of all visitors to Facebook, the German state of Schleswig-Holstein said in August 2011 that the button breaches German data protection laws and those federal agencies should remove the buttons and similar social plugins from their websites. Canada's Privacy Commissioner raised similar concerns in 2010. "Like" links are vulnerable to like jacking, a form of click jacking that makes users "Like" content they did not intend to. An Israeli couple named their child "Like" after the Facebook feature in 2011. In August 2011, Google linked their +1 button to Google Plus to rival the Facebook like Button.
Messages and inbox
(Diagram10 Showing Facebook inbox)
Since the website's founding, it has allowed users to send messages to each other. A Facebook user can send a message to any number of his/her friends at a time. Deleting a message from one's inbox does not delete it from the inbox of other users, thus disabling a sender to redo a message sent by him or her. On November 15, 2010, Facebook announced a new "Facebook Messages" service. In a media event that day, CEO Mark Zuckerberg said, "It's true that people will be able to have a @facebook.com email addresses, but it's not email". The launch of such a feature had been anticipated for some time before the announcement, with some calling it a "Gmail killer". The system, to be available to all of the website's users, combines text messaging, instant messaging, emails, and regular messages, and will include privacy settings similar to those of other Facebook. .
Networks, groups, and "like" pages

Facebook allows different networks and groups which many users can join. This is essentially equivalent to control of a blog for the administrators. However these blogs allow some additional controls. For example
these allow privacy settings on basis of networks. Groups are used for discussions, events, etc. and are a way of enabling a number of people to come together online to share information and discuss specific subjects. They are increasingly used by clubs, companies and public sector organizations to engage with stakeholders, be they members of the public, employees, members, service users, shareholders or customers. A group includes but is not limited to the following: the members who have joined, recent news contents, wall contents, photos, posted items, videos and all associated comments of such items. In this respect, groups are similar to "Like pages" (below) but contain a different set of features. Groups are limited to 300 groups per Facebook customer. Since October 2010, there are version 0 (legacy) and version 1 (current) groups. Version 1 or "new" groups can contain the name of the group in their URL if the email-address of the group is set. Groups do not have a RSS feed to export the wall or the member list, such as Pages or Events have, but third parties provide such service A flag which indicates if the group was created prior to launch of the current groups product in October 2010. Facebook customers can create "Like Pages" which allow fans of an individual, organization, product, service, or concept to join a Facebook fan club. The Like Pages were introduced in November 2007. Like Pages look and behave much like a user's personal private profile, with some significant differences. Public Profiles are integrated with Facebook's advertising system, allowing Public Profile owners to easily advertise to Facebook's users. Owners can send updates to their fans, which show up on their home page. They also have access to insights and analytics of their fan base. Early on, users had the option to "become a fan" of the page until April 19, 2010 when the option was later changed to "like" the page. While an individual with a personal profile can acquire up to 5,000 friends, a "Like Page" can have an unlimited number of "Likers". "Like Pages" can also be customized by adding new Tabs using the Static FBML application. This powerful feature can bring additional functionality to a page such as e-mail collection, specialized content, or a landing page for sales activity. The URLs of "Like Pages" start with http://www.facebook.com/pages... and include the name of the page. In April 2010 it was announced that "community pages" would integrate content from Wikipedia, under a Creative Commons license.
News feed
On September 6, 2006, Ruchi Sangvhi announced a new home page feature called News Feed. Originally, when users logged into Facebook, they were presented with a customizable version of their own profile. The new layout, by contrast, created an alternative home page in which users saw a constantly updated list of their friends' Facebook activity. News Feed highlights information that includes profile changes, upcoming events, and birthdays, among other updates. This has enabled spammers and other users to manipulate these features by creating illegitimate events or posting fake birthdays to attract attention to their profile or cause. News Feed also shows conversations taking place between the walls of a user's friends. An integral part of the News Feed interface is the Mini-Feed, a news stream on the user's profile page that shows updates about that user. Unlike in the News Feed, the user can delete events from the Mini-Feed after they appear so that they are no longer visible to profile visitors. In 2011, Facebook updated the News Feed to show top stories and most recent stories in one feed, and the option to highlight stories to make them top stories, as well as to unhighlight stories. In response to users' criticism, Facebook later updated the News feed to allow users to view recent stories first. Initially, the addition of the News Feed caused
some discontent among Facebook users. Many users complained that the News Feed was too cluttered and full of undesired information. Others were concerned that the News Feed made it too easy for other people to track activities like changes in relationship status, events, and conversations with other users. This tracking is often casually referred to as "Facebook-Stalking". In response to this dissatisfaction, creator Mark Zuckerberg issued an apology for the site's failure to include appropriate customizable privacy features. Thereafter, users were able to control what types of information were shared automatically with friends. Currently, users may prevent friends from seeing updates about several types of especially private activities, although other events are not customizable in this way. With the introduction of the "New Facebook" in early February 2010 came a total redesign of the pages, several new features and changes to News Feeds. On their personal Feeds (now integrated with Walls), users were given the option of removing updates from any application as well as choosing the size they show up on the page. Furthermore, the community feed (containing recent actions by the user's friends) contained options to instantly select whether to hear more or less about certain friends or applications.
Notifications
Notifications of the more important events, for example, someone sharing a link on the user's wall or commenting on a post the user previously commented on, briefly appear for a few seconds in the bottom left as a popup message (if the user is online), and a red counter is updated on the toolbar at the top, thus allowing the user to keep track of all the most recent notifications.
Phone
On September 2010, rumors of a "Facebook Phone" similar to Google's Android circulated in business and tech industry news. In an interview with well-known technology blog Techcrunch, CEO Mark Zuckerberg was noted to have said, "Our strategy is very horizontal. We're trying to build a social layer for everything", while denying that they were attempting to compete with the Apple iPhone or Android. On May 28, 2012, rumors reemerge about a "Facebook Phone" that they hope to release in 2013. Facebook has already hired more than half a dozen former Apple engineers who worked on the iPhone. This rumor has gone around before but Sunday's Times report added new specifics such as an interview with a former iPhone engineer who said he recently met with Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg, who "peppered him with questions about the inner workings of smartphones", including the types of chips used. "It did not sound like idle intellectual curiosity, the engineer said". Although still rumor, this becomes more of a reality as the percentage of people accessing Facebook continues to shift towards mobile.
Poke
The poke feature is intended to be a poke gesture (similar to "nudge" in instant messaging) to attract the attention of another user. A previous version of Facebook's FAQ gave additional insight into the origin of the feature, stating: When we created the poke, we thought it would be cool to have a feature without any specific purpose. People interpret the poke in many different ways, and we encourage you to come up with your own meanings. Mark Zuckerberg during a live Facebook webinar there are several applications on Facebook which extend the idea of the poke feature by allowing users to
perform other actions to their friendssuch as "kick" or "wave to". Some people reciprocate pokes back and forth until one side gives up, an event known as a "Poke War".
Smartphones
Many new smartphones offer access to the Facebook services either through their web-browsers or applications. The Facebook iPhone-compatible web site was launched August 2007 and as of July 2008 over 1.5 million people used it regularly, at the point when a free application for the iOS named "Facebook for iPhone" was launched. Version 2.0 of this app was released in September 2008 and featured improved services such as being able to respond to friend requests and notifications. Version 3.0 was released in August 2009 and added features such as events, and uploading video with an iPhone 3GS. Microsoft developed an application for Facebook on their Windows Phone 7 platform, available in the Windows Phone Marketplace. Users can pin elements such as Messages, Events, the News Feed, and Photos directly onto one's home screen. It also includes tile notifications for events, friend requests, tags, and so on. Windows Mobile platform, including features such as messaging, uploading pictures and video straight from the device, managing profile information, contact integration allowing users to call anyone in their friends list that has their number in their profile information. It is also possible to add a chat feature to Windows Mobile via thirdparty software such as FIM, available in the Windows Mobile Marketplace. Nokia also offers a Facebook app on its Ovi Store for Nokia S60 devices such as the N97 and contains most of the functionality of the full website. Google's Android 2.0 OS automatically includes an official Facebook app. The first device to use this is the Motorola Droid. The app has options to sync Facebook friends with contacts, which adds profile pictures and status updates to the contacts list. Research In Motionalso offers a Facebook application for the BlackBerry. It includes a range of functions, including an ability to integrate Facebook events into the BlackBerry calendar, and using Facebook profile pictures for Caller ID.
Feature phones
Although like all other website apps Facebook made its presence on the smartphones as mentioned but also is present for the feature phones. As the company said that the feature phones dominate the American cell phone markets hence an app was exclusively made for this purpose as well.
Status updates
"Status updates" (also called as a "status") allows users to post messages for their friends to read. In turn, friends can respond with their own comments, as well as clicking the "Like" button. A user's most recent updates appear at the top of their Timeline/Wall and are also noted in the "Recently Updated" section of a user's friend list. Originally, the purpose of the feature was to allow users to inform their friends of their current "status", including feelings, whereabouts, or actions, where Facebook prompted the status update with "Username is"... and users filled in the rest. This feature first became available in September 2006, though on December 13, 2007, the requirement to start a status update with is was removed. This is updates were followed by the "What are you doing right now?" status update question; in March 2009, the question was changed to "What's on your mind?" In 2009, Facebook added the
feature to tag certain friends (or groups, etc.) within one's status update by adding an @ character before their name, turning the friend's name into a link to their profile and including the message on the friend's wall. Tagging has since been updated to recognize friends' names by typing them into a status while a list of friends whose names match the inputted letters appears. A large percentage of the updates that are posted are humorous and as a result, many apps, websites and books have sprung up to help users to update their own.
Ticker
In 2011, Facebook launched a ticker that showed all of their friends and pages updates. For example, it shows when their friends comment or like a status, and their status updates as soon as they posted them. If users do not have the chat sidebar open, the ticker appears on Facebook home next to the News Feed. If users do have the chat sidebar open, the ticker appears above the list of friends, and can be re-sized (it can't be if the chat sidebar isn't open). The ticker cannot be closed, and this has brought up concern among users, especially privacy concerns. However, Facebook has been keen to emphasize that the ticker only shows what people could see before: it just makes it "more discoverable".
Timeline
Since December 15, 2011, a Timeline is the new virtual space in which all the content of Facebook users will be organized and shown. Replacing the Facebook Profile, in a Timeline the photos, videos, and posts of any given user will be categorized according to the period of time in which they were uploaded or created. Posts and events are displayed along a timeline that runs through the center of the profile, with the option of adding events that occurred prior to the user joining Facebook as well as "hiding" posts. Some experts see this as a crucial step on the use of social networks. In March 2012, Timeline became available for "Facebook Pages", and by the end of the month, Facebook had forced all Facebook Pages (not Profile pages) to convert to the Timeline layout, against the will of many page admins. Like the Wall, users can set Timeline privacy settings to change who can see their entire profile. Users' friends have the ability to post messages on the user's Timeline. Using Facebook on certain devices, such as iPads, may result in automatic adoption of the Timeline. In August, Profile pages were forced to change to the Timeline layout.
URL shortened
On December 14, 2009, Facebook launched its own URL shortener based on FB.me domain name. From that point on, all links based on facebook.com can be accessed through fb.me, which is seven characters shorter.
Usernames
Starting June 13, 2009, Facebook introduced a feature that allowed users to choose a Facebook username to make user location easier. The user is able to direct others to their page through a simple link such as www.facebook.com/username rather than an otherwise complex URL. This feature on Facebook quickly spread, with more than 1 million users registering usernames in the first three hours. Usernames are now available to any existing or newly registered user. According to the FAQ, "Facebook reserves the right to remove and/or reclaim any username at any time for any reason".
Wall
The Wall is the original profile space where Facebook users' content, as of December, 2011, is shown. It allows the posting of messages, often short or temporal notes, for the user to see while displaying the time and date the message was written. A user's Wall is visible to anyone with the ability to see his or her full profile, and friends' Wall posts appear in the user's News Feed. In July 2007, Facebook allowed users to post attachments to the Wall, whereas previously the Wall was limited to text only. In May 2008, the Wall-to-Wall for each profile was limited to only 40 posts. Recently Facebook has allowed users to insert html code in boxes attached to the wall via apps like Static FBML which has allowed marketers to track use of their fan pages with Google Analytics. In addition to postings by other users, the Wall also displays other events that happened to the user's profile. It displays when information is changed, when they change their profile picture, and when they connect with new people, among other things. The Wall is being replaced by the Timeline profile layout, which was introduced in December 2011.
Subscribe
On September 14, 2011, Facebook launched a Subscribe button. The feature allows for users to follow public updates, and these are the people most often broadcasting their ideas. There were major modifications that the site released on September 22, 2011.
Verified Accounts
As reported by TechCrunch on February 15, 2012, Facebook is introducing 'Verified Account' concept like that of Twitter & Google+. Though as of March 3, 2012, verified accounts don't get any badges or denotations, but such accounts will get more priority in 'Subscription Suggestions' of Facebook
Facebook Gifts
On September 27, 2012, Facebook announced a new feature that will allow users to send gifts to friends. The initial gift options included Starbucks gift cards, stuffed animals, and cupcakes, however the company announced that it will be adding more products daily. The recipient gets an immediate notification of receiving a gift either as a post or through a message, along with a digital greeting card and preview of the gift. The sender has the option of paying for the gift immediately, or delaying payment until its received. Facebook will receive a commission on each sale. This marks Facebooks first venture into retail since the Gift Shop option offered and subsequently scrapped in 2010. This feature offers a possible boost to the profit per user ratio at a time when Facebook shares have devalued to half their IPO price
Applications Events
Facebook events are a way for members to let friends know about upcoming events in their community and to organize social gatherings. Events require an event name, network, host name, event type, start time, location, and a guest list of friends invited. Events can be public or private. Private events cannot be found in searches and
are by invitation only. People who have not been invited cannot view a Private event's description, Wall or photos. They also will not see any Feed stories about the event. When setting up an event the user can choose to allow friends to upload photos or videos. Note that unlike real world events, all events are treated as separate entities (when the reality is some events sit inside other events, going to one event would preclude going to another, and so on). In February 2011, Facebook began to use the hCalendar microformat to mark up events, and the hCard micro format for the events' venues, enabling the extraction of details to users' own calendar or mapping applications. Third parties facilitate events to be exported from Facebook Pages to the iCalendar-format.
Marketplace
In May 2007, Facebook introduced the Facebook Marketplace allowing users to post free classified ads within the following categories: For Sale, Housing, Jobs, and Other. Ads can be posted in either available or wanted format. The market place is available for all Facebook users and is currently free. In 2009, Facebook transferred ownership of the Marketplace to Oodles.
Notes
Facebook Notes was introduced on August 22, 2006, a blogging feature that allowed tags and embeddable images. Users were later able to import blogs from Xanga, LiveJournal, Blogger, and other blogging services. A recent use of Notes includes the Internet meme "25 Random Things about Me" which involves writing 25 things about the user that their friends don't already know about them and using the tag function to ask 25 friends to also do so. Nearly 5 million "25 Random Things" notes were written on Facebook profiles in the first week of February 2009.
Places
Facebook announced Places on August 18, 2010. It is a feature that lets users "check in" to Facebook using a mobile device to let a user's friends know where they are at the moment. This feature is already known from Foursquare, a social network where users share their geo location data via mobile phones. In November 2010, Facebook announced "Deals", a subset of the Places offering, which allows for users to check in from restaurants, supermarkets, bars, and coffee shops using an app on a mobile device and then be rewarded discounts, coupons, and free merchandise. This feature is marketed as a digital version of a loyalty card or coupon where a customer gets rewarded for loyal buying behavior. Places is currently available only in some countries: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Estonia, Canada, Cayman Islands, Japan, United Kingdom, United States, France, Italy, Spain, Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Poland, South Africa, Finland, Ireland, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Hong Kong, Philippines, and Malaysia with many more on the way. On October 10, 2010, Places became available on BlackBerry, after iPhone. The Android OS is also places capable. Other users, including Windows Mobile users, must use an HTML5 browser to use Places via Facebook Touch Site. Facebook Places was reported discontinued on August 24, 2011.
Platform
The Facebook Platform provides a set of APIs and tools which enable thirdparty developers to integrate with the "open graph", whether through applications on Facebook.com or external websites and devices. Launched on May 24, 2007, Facebook
Platform has evolved from enabling development just on Facebook.com to one also supporting integration across the web and devices.
Facebook Platform Statistics

More than one million developers and entrepreneurs from more than 180 countries More than 550,000 active applications currently on Facebook Platform Every month, more than 70% of Facebook users engage with Platform applications More than 250,000 websites have integrated with Facebook Platform More than 100 million Facebook users engage with Facebook on external websites every month Third party companies such as Adonomics, Kontagent and Mixpanel provide application metrics, and blogs such as AppRate, Inside Facebook, and Face Reviews have sprung up in response to the clamor for Facebook applications. On July 4, 2007, Altura Ventures announced the "Altura 1 Facebook Investment Fund", becoming the world's first Facebook-only venture capital firm. On August 29, 2007, Facebook changed the way in which the popularity of applications is measured, to give attention to the more engaging applications, following criticism that ranking applications only by the number of people who had installed the application was giving an advantage to the highly viral, yet useless applications. Tech blog Valleywag has criticized Facebook Applications, labeling them a "cornucopia of uselessness". Others have called for limiting third-party applications so the Facebook "user experience" is not degraded. Primarily attempting to create viral applications is a method that has certainly been employed by numerous Facebook application developers. Stanford University even offered a class in the fall of 2007, entitled, Computer Science Create Engaging Web Applications Using Metrics and Learning on Facebook". Numerous applications created by the class were highly successful, and ranked amongst the top Facebook applications, with some achieving over 3.5 million users in a month.
Questions
On March 24, 2011, Facebook announced that its new product, Facebook Questions, facilitates short, poll-like answers in addition to long-form responses, and also links directly to relevant items in Facebook's directory of "fan pages". In May 2010, Facebook began testing Questions, which is expected to compete directly with services such as Yahoo! Answers.
Photos
One of the most popular applications on Facebook is the Photos application, where users can upload albums of photos, tag friends helped by face recognition technology, and comment on photos. According to Facebook:

50+ billion user photos More than 1.5 petabytes (1.5 million gigabytes) of photo storage used (upto May 2009). 220 million photos added each week which take up 25 terabytes of disk space (in May 2009). 3+ billion photo images served to users every day (in May 2007).
550,000+ images served per second during peak traffic windows (in May 2009).
On April 11, 2011, Facebook launched a new feature for photo tagging: people can tag photos with a brand, product, company or person's Facebook page, similar to the way they tag their friends in photos. In August 2011, Facebook announced that it would be adding a series of photo filters to its mobile application. Facebook plans to unveil nearly a dozen photo filters, which will be similar to Instagram's grainy images. Per last known numbers, today in the world, highest number of photos is hosted at Facebook.
Videos
During the time that Facebook released its platform, it also released an application of its own for sharing videos on Facebook. Users can add their videos with the service by uploading video, adding video through Facebook Mobile, and using a webcam recording feature. Additionally, users can "tag" their friends in videos they add much like the way users can tag their friends in photos, except the location of the friend in the video is not displayed. Users also have the option of video messaging. Videos cannot be placed in categories, whereas photos are sorted by albums. Facebook Video can support up to 1080p format and even 4K resolution.
Languages
As of March 2011, Facebook supports the following languages: Afrikaans Bengali Bahasa Melayu Indonesian Tamil Bulgarian Bosnian Catalan Czech
Welsh Danish Dutch English (British English, American English, Indian English, English with upside-down letters, Pirate English) Spanish (Castilian Spanish, Chilean Spanish, Espaol El Salvador, Venezuelan Spanish, Mexican Spanish, Colombian Spanish) Filipino French Canadian French Korean
German Hindi Hungarian Croatian Chinese Norwegian (Bokml, Nynorsk) Polish Portuguese Brazilian Portuguese Serbian Serbian Cyrillic Romanian Russian Slovene Slovak Thai Vietnamese Turkish Finnish Greek Hebrew Arabic Azerbaijani Lithuanian Estonian Esperanto Basque Faroese Irish Icelandic Galician Swahili Latvian Lithuanian Xhosa Zulu
Yiddish Limburgish Chinese Japanese Mongolian Telugu Malayalam Khmer Ukrainian Quich Somali Swedish Malagasy Maltese Uzbek
Kurdish Leet Speak

Latin Albanian Javanese Aymara Cherokee
Security
On May 12, 2011, Facebook announced that it is launching several new security features designed to protect users from malware and from getting their accounts hijacked. Facebook will display warnings when users are about to be duped by click jacking and cross-site scripting attacks in which they think they are following a link to an interesting news story or taking action to see a video and instead end up spamming their friends. Facebook also offers two-factor authentication called "login approvals", which, if turned on, will require users to enter a code whenever they log into the site from a new or unrecognized device. The code is sent via text message to the user's mobile phone. Facebook is partnering with the free Web of Trust safe surfing service to give Facebook users more information about the sites they are linking to from the social network. When a user clicks on a potentially malicious link, a warning box will appear that gives more information about why the site might be dangerous. The user can either ignore the warning or go back to the previous page.
Removed features FBML

Facebook Markup Language (FBML) is considered to be Facebook's own version of HTML. While many of the tags of HTML can be used in FBML, there are also important tags that cannot be used such as HTML, HEAD and BODY. Also, Javascript cannot be used with FBML. According to the Facebook Markup Language (FBML) Developer's page, FBML is now deprecated. No new features will be added to FBML and developers are recommended to develop new applications utilizing HTML, JavaScript and CSS. FBML support ended January 1, 2012 and FBML no longer functions as of June 1, 2012.
Gifts
In February 2007, Facebook added a new virtual gift feature to the website. Friends could send gifts, small icons of novelty items designed by former Apple designer Susan Kare, to each other by selecting one from Facebook's virtual gift shop and adding a message. Gifts given to a user appear on the recipient's wall with the giver's message, unless the giver decided to give the gift privately, in which case the giver's name and message is not displayed to other users. Additionally, all gifts (including private gifts) received by a user are displayed in the recipient's gift box (right above their wall on their profile), marked with either the first name of the user (for public gifts) or the word "Private". An Anonymous option is also available, by which anyone with profile access can see the gift, but only the recipient sees the message. None will see the giver's name, and the gift goes in the recipient's gift box but not the wall.
Facebook users are given one free gift to give upon registering their account. Each additional gift given by a user costs US$1.00. The initial selection of gifts was Valentine's Day themed, and 50% of the net proceeds (after credit card processing fees were taken out, etc.) received through February 2007 were donated to the charity Susan G. Komen for the Cure. After the month of February, the proceeds were no longer donated. Soon after, Facebook began making one new gift available each day, most of which had a limited supply or were available for a limited time. On November 8, 2008, Facebook changed the $1.00 per gift model to a micro-payment model of 100 points per $1.00, with the existing gifts costing 100 points. They planned to allow a wider variety of gifts in the future. The built-in Gifts feature was removed on August 1, 2010, to allow Facebook to focus on more important website features. Existing giftgiving applications can be used as a replacement for the Gifts feature.
Lite
In August 2009, Facebook announced the rollout of a "lite" version of the site, optimized for users on slower or intermittent Internet connections. Facebook Lite offered fewer services, excluded most third-party applications and required less bandwidth. A beta version of the slimmed-down interface was released first to invited testers before a broader rollout across users in the United States, Canada, and India. It was announced on April 20, 2010 that support for the "lite" service had ended and that users would be redirected back to the normal, full content, Facebook website. The service was operational for only eight months.
Deals
On April 25, 2011, Facebook announced a pilot program called Deals, which offered online coupons and discounts from local businesses. Facebook initially released Deals as a test in five citiesAtlanta, Austin, Dallas, San Diego and San Francisco with the hope of expanding. This new offering was a direct competitor to other social commerce sites such as LivingSocial and Groupon for online coupons and deals-of-theday. Facebook users were able to use Facebook Credits to purchase vouchers that can be redeemed for real goods and services. Facebook has since closed its deal program.
Chapter:5 Methodology
I have conducted a research survey through different channels in which one of them is social media and the other is structured questionnaire. The structured questionnaire contains 23 questions through I have recorded information from the target sample. The target sample I selected for my research was 30 persons from different backgrounds. Research questionnaire is attached with thesis which further with analysis report of the research questionnaire.
Information Selection
The information for the questionnaire was selecting from the various sources including some websites and I have searched some other questionnaires on www.google.com to have an idea of what questionnaire should be how it can be written. After doing all research I have created my questions and submitted to 30 people to be filled some were males and some were females, all people were belong to different age groups and different background some were very rich and some were middle class, some were students and some were working people, I have taken survey from the people who use internet a lot in their daily life and some of them doesnt use much.
Interview Protocol
The interview protocol was very simple and easy to understand so that the people giving their opinion can easily give answers after understanding questions easily if people cant understand the questions they will be unable to answer them so my first priority was to create easy questions so that every person belonging to different fields, different age group can easily answer them. So that they can have a clear view of what kind of opinion they are giving sometimes people dont care about the survey they just fill it fast. I have created an easy survey so that anybody can fill it after reading it and can understand it easily.
Survey Questions
Following are the questions which were given in the survey it is available online at this link (http://freeonlinesurveys.com/s.asp?sid=16zszzvfe116m4q178829)
Facebook Survey
Do you have an facebook account YES NO What is your Gender Male Female What is your age range 12-14 15-17 18-23 24-older What is your education level School College University
In which year did you created facebook account 2003/2004 2005/2008 2009-2012 How often do you visit on facebook Once a day thrice a day Most of the times dont use much How much time you spend on facebook 1 hour or less 2 or more hours Most of the free time Your facebook experience with other people Pleasant Somewhat pleasant Satisfactory How was your experience of using facebook Pleasant Somewhat pleasant Satisfactory How many contacts you have on facebook 10-50 50-100 150-250 250-more How often you join group or pages on facebook Mostly not much dont know what they are Why you join group or pages on facebook For fun to discuss something to interact with others How many groups or pages you have joined None 5-10 10-25 30-more How was your experience of using facebook group and pages Pleasant Somewhat Pleasant Appreciable Do you search material related to your studies on facebook Yes No Do you have any other social networking websites accounts No My space Orkut Google circles other Do you think facebook is helping your studies Yes No Maybe What type of Application you have added on facebook None Forums/Discussions Studies Do you share files on facebook Yes NO What kind of files you share on facebook Music Photos Documents Every type of What is your main purpose of using social networking websites File sharing Discussion To get knowledge For which purpose you chat on facebook Flirting Exchange of views Knowledge sharing What difference facebook makes from other websites Easy to use Easily access on mobile Lot of stuff to see
Analysis of Questionnaire
The following are the analysis answers from the survey taken. Q1 . The first question was asked about do you have a Facebook account Ans. As I have taken survey from the people who uses social networking websites so the answer is 100 percent yes. Q2. In the second question I have asked about the participants Gender Ans. 49.5 % were female and 51.5% were males who participated in this survey Q3. Third Question I have asked about age range of the people Ans. 10% were from the age group of 12-14 about 30 % were of the age group of 15-17 and 40 % were from the age group of 18-23 and about 20 % were from the 24 older age groups Q4. When asked for education level of the people Ans. 30 % were from the school, 30 % were from the college and 40 % were from the university Q5.Next question was about when participants Facebook account was created Ans. 10 % said 2003/2004, 40 % said 2005/2008 and 50 % created in 2009/2012 Q6.Then it was asked how often you visit on Facebook Ans. 5 % said once a day, 10 % said thrice a day, 80% said most of the times and 5% said doesnt use much Q7.then next question is how much you spend time on Facebook Ans. 10 % said 1 hour or less, 25 % said two or more hours, and 65% said most of the free time. Q8.How was your experience with other people Ans. 25 % Pleasant, 30% somewhat pleasant, 45 % satisfactory Q9.How was your experience on facebook Ans. 50% said pleasant, 10% said somewhat pleasant and 40 % said satisfactory Q10. Next question was asked about the friends on Facebook Ans.5 % said 10-15, 35% said 50-100, 40 % said 150-250, 20 % said 250-or more Q11.How often do you join group or pages on Facebook Ans. 80 % said mostly, 20 % said not much Q12.Why you join group or pages on Facebook Ans. 30% said for fun, 30 % said to discuss something, 40 % said to interact with others. Q13.How many groups or pages you have joined Ans. 5% said 5-10, 25% said 10-25, and 70% said 26-more Q14. How was your experience of using facebook group and pages? Ans. 60% said Pleasant, 30% said somewhat pleasant and 10 % said appreciable Q15.Do you search material regarding to your studies Ans.95% said yes, 5% said no Q16.Do you have any other social networking website account Ans. 40% said no, 5% said myspace, 40% said orkut, 10 % said google circles, 5% said other. Q17.Do you think facebook is helping in studies Ans.70% said yes, 30% said no Q18.What type of application you have added on Facebook Ans. 60% forums discussions, 10% music other, 30% said studies. Q19.Do you share files on Facebook Ans.60% said yes, 40% said no Q20.what kind of files you share on Facebook
Ans. 25% music, 60% photos, 15% documents, Q21. What is your main purpose of using social networking websites? Ans. 25% file-sharing, 40% discussion, 10% time-pass, 25% to get knowledge. Q22.What you think is Facebook moving towards right direction Ans.70% said yes, 30% said no Q23. For which purpose you chat on facebook. Ans.10% Flirting, 30% said exchange of view and 60% said knowledge sharing. Q24.What difference Facebook makes from other websites. Ans.40% said easy to use, 30% said easily accessible on mobile, 30% said lots of stuff to see.
Conclusion
In this thesis of social networking in daily life I have firstly elaborated the problem regarding my research. Further this thesis was followed by the literature review which was briefly discussed about the network, networking, websites and social networking websites. After the theoretical discussion on social networking websites and their development I have briefly discussed on facebook website. Complete history regarding facebook its evaluation and features are completed covered in the middle part of the thesis. Then at the end part of my research I have written complete methodology regarding my research the interview protocol and survey questions are all written. After that I have written the analysis of my survey. As we can see through my research that mostly people wants to use social networking websites like facebook because it gives them a lot of things to do in life. Like some people have said they share knowledge on facebook they chat to other people just to share knowledge, they share files regarding their studies they join groups and pages regarding their work and studies. They get a lot of stuff to learn from different sources around the world people from different backgrounds in life share their knowledge. Mostly people use facebook website for their betterment. So it is not a bad impact on society it is for the betterment if we use it in a positive manner. We can get a lot of positive stuff on facebook like if someone have to submit assignment on something he can get help from people around the world. People can join group and pages of their interest to get the knowledge of what would they like to see and get. After the survey it is made clear that more friends in facebook can help more in studies and other stuff.
References Websites
www.wikidpedia.com www.google.com www.scribd.com www.answers.com www.answers.yahoo.com www.amazon.com
Books
The Social Network (2010) (Movie) It is a movie based on Facebook www.facebook.com The Facebook Effect: The Inside Story of the Company That is Connecting the World by David Kirkpatrick Connected: The Surprising Power of Our Social Networks and How They Shape Our Lives by Nicholas A. Christakis The Facebook Era: Tapping Online Social Networks to Build Better Products, Reach New Audiences, and Sell More Stuff by Clara shih The Social Factor: Innovate, Ignite, and Win Through Mass Collaboration and Social Networking by Maria Azua How to Do Everything Facebook Applications by Jesse Fieler The Hidden Power of Social Networks: Understanding How Work Really Gets Done in Organizations by Robert L Cross Driving Results Through Social Networks: How Top Organizations Leverage Networks for Performance and Growth by Robert L Cross I'm on Facebook--Now What: How to Get Personal, Business, and Professional Value from Facebook by Jason Alba Help! I'm a Facebookaholic: Inside the Crazy World of Social Networking by Tanya cooke Connected the surprising power of our social network by Nicholas Chirstikis Social Networking for the older and wiser by Sean McManus

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TIMES (The Institute Of Management &Emerging Sciences Multan) |1

Ali Azfar Khan Niazi Technology)

M-IT(Masters Of Sciences in Information

TIMES (The Institute Of Management &Emerging Sciences Multan) |2

Ali Azfar Khan Niazi Technology)

M-IT(Masters Of Sciences in Information

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Chapter: 2 Literature Review The concept of Networking

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Diagram 1 (Showing connected devices in network) (http://www.chicagocomputerfix.com/it-consulting.html)

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Diagram 3 (Showing connectivity of Internet) (http://computer.howstuffworks.com/web-server3.htm)

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Diagram 4 (Showing a Website) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dogpiledotcom_search_website.PNG

Diagram 5(Showing different People around the world communicating)

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Social Networking Websites

Ali Azfar Khan Niazi Technology)

M-IT(Masters Of Sciences in Information

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Diagram 6(Showing Different social networking websites)

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Web Services (WS)

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Cloud Computing Models

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Communities in online social networks

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Leveraging shared interest

Definition and purpose

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Construction of Online Identity

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Chapter: 3 Features of social networking websites

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A new form of information exchange

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Chapter: 4 History of Facebook

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Diagram7 (Showing Facebook login page) (www.facebook.c om)

Brief view on Facebook

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Ali Azfar Khan Niazi Technology)

M-IT(Masters Of Sciences in Information

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(Mark Zuckerberg owner of Facebook)

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Listen with Friends

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Messages and inbox

(Diagram10 Showing Facebook inbox)

Networks, groups, and "like" pages

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Facebook Platform Statistics