TECHNICAL NOTES. KATIC)ML ADVISORY C9MMITTEE FOR AERONAUTI%3.

No. 69.

AN INVESTIGATION OH THE EFFECT OF RAKED ViING TIPS. By F. H. Norton. Langley Eemorial Aeronautical Laboratory, National Advisory Comitfiee for Aermau%ics, Langley Fieldz Va.

November, 1921.
.
q

NATIONAL ADVISORY CO?Q41TTEE F@R AER9N.4UTICS, TECHNICAL NOTE NO. 6S.

By
F. H.
Ncrton.

Langley Memorial Aerona.utioalLaboratory,

q

inv~sti~ation cas carried out by request SUrmnarv. 1:lis -

of

the United States Air Service in the wind tunnel of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The results aze here Fublished by the National Advisory Co~mzitteefor Aeronautics as it is thought that they uaybe of general interest. Wings of the R.A.F. 6 section are tested with various angles of rake, and it is found . that although rake has very little effect, a positive or negative rake of 30 is the best. Introduction. There has %en vezy little work done on the careful investigation of wing tip form. For reason the pses-. ent %est was carried out to investigate the influence of cake
this

rhen the aspect ratio is.held constant.

.

The anglesof rake tested

rere

00 + 20 * 40.

A greater angle of rake than this would be

structurally inpractioal. Only lift and drag runs were made. An investigation of zounded wing tips has been made by the
.

l?ritishAdvisory Committee (T.4?7) and some work along this line has been done by Eiffel. Methods.- A qkort se~t~on of an R.A.F. 6
w~g

#
was fastened ~o

the crank spindle of the N. P. L. bal-~ce and the nwious

1

tip sec-

. .

-2,

tions (Fig. I-) viwrs Pinned onto the ends of it. Due to the use of the crank spindie tb.edrag readings are tco
I 1017, hut as only

comparative values were desired no corrections were made. Preoision.- As the differences between the vari~us rakes were small, each set of wing tips was set and run three separate tines: and the mean values taken. than . ~. , - The lift, drag and L/D are plotted in Figs. 2, 3, It is evident that the effic. and 4, for various angles of r*e.
one

The precision is everywhere better

..

percent.

iency inoreases slightly with rake up to about 30 and then de1 creases, while the lift inoreases rather rapidly at large positive rakes. The increase in L/D at 4 incidence by using a 30 rake,
~0.

as compared with a square ti~, is about

Conclusions. It may be concluded that the effect of rake on the lift and drag are so snail that considerations of
stretigth

and aileron efficiency should govern the wing tip form.

,. >~

,,u.

,.

- - e a I pPofJidve rake. t -J ,,, 1 ~ ,. -

q

Same radius for .eve~y an le of f r~ke-poa ti.ve and negatiVG

Posi$ive rake

P u w =

., ,. d. ?ii~~ ~ ;?

- Varying rake -

, CJN.

Experiment 4 ,AF6T?+-+-Section , , ,_
I

Mean aspect ratio - 6 Spanwing - [ 1 -} = 16,50%n

I
Negative

&ake

Mean spnm. [wings-2-3-4-5-}_ i6,P4 in, Area- (constant)=45.4 sq,in. Chord-(aonetmt )= j.75 in. Fig. 1
;,, ,. ..,,, .,, ,,, ,., ,.. . ,

--1-----p - I
I
I

Negative xhke - ~-y ~

4

----

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

50.4

0.3
. .

0.2

0.1

0.0
*

-40
Fig. 2.

-20

+200

+40

Angle of rake.

0.(39

0.08

0.07

~ .. - . --l , J-L+--- ~< ~~o

.. -.

1- . .

t
i

+ i - -l 0-06 ; 1
. +_
..

12

~. .

2
II i -. I 1 .

i
!

.rl

-. .

. -
-- .

I --
!

-:;;
8 [ .
_~o
I .-

-1I

0.03
( . .,

0.02

h . ..20 J

40

0.01
.
b

. [
-200
Angle

r
00

I .

0.00
,. .

-400 Fig. 3.

+200

+40

of rake.

-)

24 22
20

18

16

14

:12 10

4 , 2

-@o

-20 Angle

00

+20 rake. -

+43

Fig.
..

4.

of