- Mechanics of Screw Feeders

Bulk Solids Flow Testing and Flow Mechanics Bin & Hopper Theory and Design (Mass & Funnel Flow) Vibration Dynamic Effects on Flow Surface Properties, Effects of Roughness, Adhesion Chute Theory and Mechanical Designs Silo Flow, Eccentric Loads, Multi-outlet Flows Silo Dynamics, Silo Quaking Theory Feeders / Feeder Loads / Multi-outlet Stockpiles Extensive Consulting (TUNRA and TBS) Academic and Teaching Leadership, Worldwide

Boundary Layer Interface Problem (BLIP)

Coulomb Sliding Friction : F = s N At Slip :

s -> k

tan > s
N F = Friction Angle = Coefficient of Friction

Angle

Simple Mass Coulomb Friction (Ideal Model)

Unit Mass @ t=0 Force Applied to Mass Static Friction s = 0.7 F(t) = t : {t>0, x = 0} At Slip (x > 0) Kinetic Friction k < s (Use the lowest kinetic Friction between sliding objects)

s = 0.7 k = 0.1 s = 0.8 k = 0.3

FF = 0.7*1*g = 6.85 N

FF = 0.1*1*g = 0.98 N

Simple Mass Motion at Slip

s k

Bulk Solids Flow - Wall Friction

Shear Stress

Bins and Hoppers

tan = w

= Wall Friction Angle

Normal Stress at Wall

Bulk Solids Yield and Friction Angle

Shear Cell Tests

Definitions

Element Stress Vectors (Yield Loci - YL)

Flow of Bulk Solid by Internal Shear and Yielding

Some Notations

1 = Major Principal Stress in arch direction, 2 = Minor Principal Stress IYL = Inst. Flow YL (tangents to 2 Mohr circles), EYL = Effective YL = = Eff. Angle of Internal friction, c = Unconfined yield strength Flow Function (FF) =slope of c(1) [Uncon.Y. Strength vs Maj.Con.Stress]

Bin Flow Dynamics and Shape Design

Flow Factor : Expanded Flow Design :

hf = Effective Consolidation Head

Y = f (, , )

Wall Friction and Particle Size - Coal Test

Variation of Wall Friction Angle and Mass-flow Hopper Half-Angle Vs. Mean Particle Size. Black Coal = 50 deg., On Stainless 3CR12

Apparent Roughness Decreases as Wall Friction Angle also Decreases

fo Increases as fo Increases

fo
Black Coal on Rusty Mild Steel

Vibration Reduced Wall Friction

Influence of Vibration on Wall Yield Loci (5% m.c.) Pyrophyllite on Mild Steel Plate

Screw Feeders

VT = Rotational Velocity VS = Screw Velocity

Screw Torque vs. Pitch/Diameter Model Results for Various Friction Angles

Flow Modelling and Design

Chutes

Chute Profiles

Chute Mechanics

Chute Wear Factors

Wear (Nm-s) 100

0
30 t/hr, v = 0.2 m/s 1000 kg/m^3 B = 0.5 m, E = 0.6, = 30 deg

30 60 90 Chute Slope Angle (deg)

Silo Quaking
Tall Mass Funnel Flow Bins
Shear Stress at Flow Boundary

Inspiration for Future Research

Computer Prediction of Bulk Solids Flow (in Chutes, Hoppers, Bins, Silos, Feeders etc)

1. Can Relevant Mechanical Particle Interactions and Flow Models be Established that Correlate to Real Flow Measurements (and Shear Cell Test Results)? 2. Can Bulk Solid Flow be Simulated to Include ALL Particle Interactions (size variation, adhesion, roughness, cohesion, moisture content, time consolidation, wall friction, geometry) ?? 3. Will the Shear Cell Ever Be Made Obsolete ??

Friction and Particle Flow Simulation

Defining the Problem : - Initial Conditions, Surface Roughness, Forces, Orientations - Particle Shape, Mass, Size, Coefficients of Sliding, Restitution - Defining a Representative Particle Distribution vs. Real-world. - Select Friction Type Coulomb/Viscous/Both - Impact / Rotational Dynamics, Mobilising Friction, s and k - Adhesion, Cohesion and Surface Degradation (Wear)

Modelling Particle/Boundary
s = 0.7 s = 0.8 k = 0.1 k = 0.3 m1 = m2 = 0.5 kg

Initial Conditions

At Slip

Sliding ( at Pt. A)

Sliding (At Pt. B)

Long Flat Particles 2 x Roughness Frequency

Roughness Frequency Particle Diameter

2-particle Siding (Rough Surface)

Rounded

Squat

Complex Simulations (Collisions, No Adhesion or Cohesion)

Large Rough Shear Plane (100 Scale) 66 x -80mm masses @ 0.320 kg Average = 320 N Distributed mass s = Fs/320 = 500/320 = 1.56, k = Fk/320 = 30*2.67/220 = 0.36 (locally its 0.1) At t = 0+

At t = 1 s

Motion of Selected Masses

500 N

F > 0 at 0.25 s

Thank you Alan