Aryabhata (satellite) Aryabhatta was India's first satellite, named after the great Indian astronomer of the same

name. It was launched by the Soviet Union on 19 April 1975 from Kapustin Yar using a Cosmos-3M launch vehicle. It was built by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) to gain experience in building and operating a satellite in space.[1] The 96.3 minute orbit had an apogee of 619 km and a perigee of 563 km, at an inclination of 50.7 degrees. It was built to conduct experiments in X-ray astronomy, aeronomics, and solar physics. The spacecraft was a 26-sided polygon 1.4 m in diameter. All faces (except the top and bottom) were covered with solar cells. A power failure halted experiments after 4 days in orbit. All signals from the spacecraft were lost after 5 days of operation. The satellite reentered the Earth's atmosphere on 11 February 1992. The satellite's image appeared on the reverse of Indian 2 rupee banknotes between 1976 and 1997 Bhaskara (satellite) Bhaskara-I Bhaskara-I, weighing 444 kg at launch, was launched on 7 June 1979 from Kapustin Yar aboard the Intercosmos launch vehicle. It was placed in an orbital Perigee and Apogee of 394 km and 399 km at an inclination of 50.7.[1] The satellite consisted of Two television cameras operating in visible (600 nanometre) and near-infrared (800 nanometre) and collected data related to hydrology, forestry and geology. Satellite microwave radiometer (SAMIR) operating at 19 and 22 GHz for study of ocean-state, water vapour, liquid water content in the atmosphere, etc.

The satellite provided ocean and land surface data. However, the cameras malfunctioned. Housekeeping telemetry was received until re-entry on 17 February 1993. Bhaskara-II Bhaskara II, weighing 436 kg, was launched on 20 November 1981 from Kapustin Yar. It was declared operational after receipt of 300 television images of the Indian sub-continent. The housekeeping telemetry was still being received until 1991. It re-entered orbit on 30 November 1991. It was placed in an orbital Perigee and Apogee of 368 km and 372 km at an inclination of 50.7 Rohini (satellite) Rohini is the name given to a series of satellites launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation. The Rohini series consisted of four satellites, all of which were launched by the Indian Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV) and three of which made it successfully to orbit. The series were mostly experimental satellites launched on the experimental launch vehicle SLV.

Satellites in series Rohini Technology Payload[1] It was a 35 kg experimental spin stabilised satellite that used 3W of power and was launched on 1979-0810 from SDSC.The satellite contained instruments to monitor the launch vehicle.[2] It did not achieve its intended orbit as the carrier rocket the SLV was only 'partially successful'. RS-1 It was also a 35 kg experimental spin stabilised satellite that used 16W of power and was successfully launched on 1980-07-18 from SDSC into an orbit of 305 x 919 km with an inclination of 44.7. The satellite provided data on the 4th stage of the SLV. The satellite had an orbital life of 20 months. RS-D1 It was a 38 kg experimental spin stabilised satellite that used 16 W of power and was launched on 1981-0531 The launch of the SLV was a partial success as the satellite did not reach the intended height and thus it only stayed in orbit for 9 days. It achieved an orbit of 186 x 418 km with an inclination of 46 The satellite carried a solid state camera for remote sensing applications that performed to specifications. RS-D2 It was a 41.5 kg experimental spin stabilised satellite that used 16 W of power and was launched successfully on 1983-04-17 into an orbit of 371 x 861 km and an inclination of 46. The satellite was in operation for 17 months and its main payload, a Smart sensor camera took over 2500 pictures. The camera had the capability to take pictures both in Visible and infrared bands. It reentered the atmosphere on 199004-19 Indian National Satellite System INSAT or the Indian National Satellite System is a series of multipurpose Geo-stationary satellites launched by ISRO to satisfy the telecommunications, broadcasting, meteorology, and search and rescue operations. Commissioned in 1983, INSAT is the largest domestic communication system in the Asia Pacific Region. It is a joint venture of the Department of Space, Department of Telecommunications, India Meteorological Department, All India Radio and Doordarshan. The overall coordination and management of INSAT system rests with the Secretary-level INSAT Coordination Committee. INSAT satellites provide 199 transponders in various bands (C, S, Extended C and Ku) to serve the television and communication needs of India. Some of the satellites also have the Very High Resolution Radiometer (VHRR), CCD cameras for metrological imaging. The satellites also incorporate transponder(s) for receiving distress alert signals for search and rescue missions in the South Asian and Indian Ocean Region, as ISRO is a member of the Cospas-Sarsat programme. INSAT system The Indian National Satellite (INSAT) system was commissioned with the launch of INSAT-1B in August 1983 (INSAT-1A, the first satellite was launched in April 1982 but could not fulfill the mission). INSAT system ushered in a revolution in Indias television and radio broadcasting, telecommunications and meteorological sectors. It enabled the rapid expansion of TV and modern telecommunication facilities to

even the remote areas and off-shore islands. Today, INSAT has become the largest domestic communication satellite system in the Asia-Pacific region with ten satellites in serviceINSAT-2E, INSAT-3A, INSAT-3B, INSAT-3C, INSAT-3E, KALPANA-1, GSAT-2, EDUSAT, INSAT-4A and INSAT-4B. Together, the system provides 199 transponders in C, Extended C and Ku bands for a variety of communication services. Some of the INSATs also carry instruments for meteorological observation and data relay for providing meteorological services. KALPANA-1 is an exclusive meteorological satellite. The satellites are monitored and controlled by Master Control Facilities that exist in Hassan and Bhopal. There are currently 11 satellites in service out of 21 which have ever been part of INSAT system.[1] Geo-Stationary Satellites GSAT-1 carrying three C-band transponders and one S-band transponder was launched on April 18, 2001 by GSLV-D1. GSAT-1 is used for conducting communication experiments like digital audio broadcast, internet services and compressed digital TV transmission. Several new spacecraft elements like improved reaction control thrusters, fast recovery star sensors and heat pipe radiator panels were also tested on this satellite.

Chandrayaan-1 Chandrayaan-1, India's first mission to Moon, was launched successfully on October 22, 2008 from SDSC SHAR, Sriharikota. The spacecraft was orbiting around the Moon at a height of 100 km from the lunar surface for chemical, mineralogical and photo-geologic mapping of the Moon. The spacecraft carries 11 scientific instruments built in India, USA, UK, Germany, Sweden and Bulgaria. After the successful completion of all the major mission objectives, the orbit has been raised to 200 km during May 2009.