I.

Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to: A. identifies the types of the air pollution and its effects to our health and to the environment; B. identifies the greenhouse gases and its sinks and sources; C. develop awareness in preventing the damaging effects of air pollution, and; D. enhances skills in listening.

II.

Subject Matter: Air pollution, green house gases its sources and sinks, and solar radiation Ref Materials: illustration visual aids III. Teaching Strategies: A. Preparation Praying Classroom management Checking of attendance B. Reviewing of the past lesson C. Motivation: The teacher will show some pictures/ illustrations. Teacher: The illustration has something to do with our discussion. After showing the illustration Teacher: Before we proceed w/ our discussion I want you to group yourselves into ten (10), five members each group. I have here some questions, what you are going to do is that each group will form a straight line. The leaders in each line will be given some question and will read it silently. The leader will past the question to the last person in the line. Only the last person in the line is allowed to answer the question and must be the one to write the answer in the board. Each group ha s one minute to answer the question. Question: 1. These are the substance in the air that caused air pollution. Pollutants 2. It occurs when the air contains gases, dust, fumes or odor in harmful amount. Air pollution 3. It is release by the combustion of fossil fuel like oil, coal, ect. Carbon Dioxide

4. It is generally believe as the build up of carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere - Greenhouse effect D. Presentation: Teacher: Before we proceed with our topic air pollution let us first define pollution. Pollution is the undesirable accumulation of substances resulting in diminished quality and utility resources. Types of Pollution 1. Water Pollution 2. Soil Pollution 3. Air Pollution Teacher: What is air pollution? Air is 99.9% nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor and inert gases. It supplies us with oxygen which is essential for our bodies to live. But, some human activities released substances into the air which caused problems for humans and other living organism. Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or cause damage to the natural environment. There are several main types of air pollution and well known effects of it. This includes smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and holes in the ozone layer. Each of these problems has serious implication for our health and well being as well as for the whole environment. Types of Air Pollution 1. The release of particles into the air from burning fuel for energy. These are very small pieces of matter measuring about 2.5 microns. This type of pollution is sometimes referred to as black carbon pollution . Diesel smoke is a good example of this particulate matter. 2. The released of noxious gases such as sulfur dioxide carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide and chemical vapors. These particles and noxious gases in the air are the substances that caused air pollution. They are commonly referred to as Pollutants. It can be classified into two: A. Primary pollutant- is directly emitted from a process such as ash from volcanic eruption, carbon monoxide gas from a vehicle exhaust or sulfur dioxide released from factories. B. Secondary Pollutant- is not emitted directly. It will arise if the primary pollutant undergoes chemical reactions.

Outdoor Air Pollution Smog is a type of large- scale outdoor pollution. It is caused by chemical reactions between pollutants derived from different sources, primary automobile exhaust and industrial emissions. Another consequence of outdoor air pollution is acid rain. When a pollutant, such as sulfuric acid combines with droplets of water in the air, the water (or snow) can become acidified. The effects of acid rain on the environment can be very serious. It damages plants by destroying their leaves, it poisons the soil, and it changes the chemistry of lakes and streams. Ozone depletion is another result of pollution. Chemicals released by our activities affect the stratosphere, one of the atmospheric layers surrounding earth. The ozone layer in the stratosphere protects the earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's) from aerosol cans, cooling systems and refrigerator equipment removes some of the ozone, causing "holes"; to open up in this layer and allowing the radiation to reach the earth. Ultraviolet radiation is known to cause skin cancer and has damaging effects on plants and wildlife. Indoor Air Pollution Many people spend large portion of time indoors- as much as 80-90 % of their lives. We work, study, eat, drink, and sleep in enclosed environments where air circulation may be restricted. For these reasons, some experts feel that more people suffer from the effects of indoor air pollution that outdoor pollution. There are many sources of indoor pollution. Tobacco smoke, cooking and heating appliances, and vapors from the earth, it can be found concentrated in the basements in some part of United States. Pollution exposure at home and work are often greater than outdoors. Both indoor and outdoors pollution need to be controlled and prevented. In many countries in the world, steps are being taken to stop the damage to our environment from air pollution. Scientific groups study the damaging effects on plant, animal and human life. Legislative bodies write laws to control emissions. Educators in schools and universities teach students, beginning at very young ages, about the effects of air pollution. The first step to solving air pollution is assessment. Researchers have investigated outdoor air pollution and have developed standards for measuring the type and amount of some serious air pollutants.

Scientists must then determine how much exposure to pollutants is harmful. Once exposure levels have been set, steps can be undertaken to reduce exposure to air pollution. These can be accomplished by regulation of man-made pollution through legislation. Many countries have set controls on pollution emissions for transportation vehicles and industry. This is usually done to through a variety of coordinating agencies which monitor the air and the environment. Prevention is another key to controlling air pollution. The regulatory agencies mentioned above play an essential role in reducing and preventing air pollution in the environment. In addition, it is possible to prevent many types of air pollution that are not regulated through personal, careful attention to our interactions with the environment. In the United States, most household products come with instructions about safe use. Adequate ventilation is also a key to controlling exposure to indoor air pollution. Home and work environments should be monitored for adequate air flow and proper exhaust systems installed. One of the most dangerous air pollutants is cigarette smoke. Restricting smoking is an important key to a healthier environment. Legislation to control smoking is in effect in some locations, but personal exposure should be monitored and limited wherever possible. Air pollution can affect our health in many ways with both shortterm and long-term effects. Different groups of individuals are affected by air pollution in different ways. Some individuals are much more sensitive to pollutants than are others. Young children and elderly people often suffer more from the effects of air pollution. People with health problems such as asthma, heart and lung disease may also suffer more when the air is polluted. The extent to which an individual is harmed by air pollution usually depends on the total exposure to the damaging chemicals, i.e., the duration of exposure and the concentration of the chemicals must be taken into account. Examples of short-term effects include irritation to the eyes, nose and throat, and upper respiratory infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia. Other symptoms can include headaches, nausea, and allergic reactions. Short-term air pollution can aggravate the medical conditions of individuals with asthma and emphysema.

Greenhouse Effect The Greenhouse Effect, also referred to as global warming, is generally believed to come from the build up of carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is produced when fuels are burned. Plants convert carbon dioxide back to oxygen, but the release of carbon dioxide from human activities is higher than the world's plants can process. The situation is made worse since many of the earth's forests are being removed, and plant life is being damaged by acid rain. Thus, the amount of carbon dioxide in the air is continuing to increase. This buildup acts like a blanket and traps heat close to the surface of our earth. The blanket is a collection of atmospheric gases called greenhouse gases. Solar Radiation The sun radiates vast quantities of energy into space, across a wide spectrum of wavelengths. Most of the radiant energy from the sun is concentrated in the visible and near-visible parts of the spectrum. The narrow band of visible light, between 400 and 700 nm represents 43% of the total radiant energy emitted. Wavelengths shorter that the visible account for 7 to 8% of the total, but are extremely important because of their high energy per photon. The shorter the wavelength of light, the more energy it contains. Thus, ultraviolet light is very energetic (capable of breaking apart stable biological molecules and causing sunburn and skin cancers). The remaining 49-50% of the radiant energy is spread over the wavelengths longer than those visible lights. These lie in the near infrared range from 700 1000nm; the thermal between 5 and 20 microns; and the far regions. Various components of the earth atmosphere absorb ultraviolet and infrared solar radiation before it penetrates to the surface, but the atmosphere is quite transparent to visible light. Absorbed by land, oceans, and vegetation at the surface, the visible light is transformed into heat and re-radiates in the form of invisible infrared radiation. If that was all there was to the story, then during the day earth would heat up, but at night , all the accumulated energy would radiate back into space and the planets surface temperature would fall far below zero very rapidly. The reason this doesnt happen is that earths atmosphere contains molecules that absorb the heat and re radiate the heat in all directions. This reduces the radiated out to space. Called greenhouse gases cause they serve to hold the heat in like the glass walls of a greenhouse these molecules are responsible for

the fact that the earth enjoys temperatures suitable for our active and complex biosphere. Sources Sinks Importance Released by the combustion of fossil fuels(oil, coal, and natural gas) Accounts for flaring of Photosynthesis about half of natural gas, and deposition all warming Carbon Dioxide changes in land to the ocean. potential use caused by (deforestation, human burning and activity. clearing land for agricultural purposes), and manufacturing of cement Methane Landfills, Molecule for wetlands ands molecule, bogs, domestic methane traps livestock, coal heat 20-30 mining, wet rice Chemical times more growing, reactions in the efficiently than natural gas atmosphere CO2. Within 50 pipeline leaks years it could biomass become the burning and most termites. significant greenhouse gas. Nitrous Oxide Burning of Long-lasting coals and wood, Chemical chemical that as well as soil reaction in the eventually microbes atmosphere. reaches the digestion. stratosphere where it participates in ozone destruction. Ozone Not emitted directly, ozone is formed in the

atmosphere through photochemical reactions involving nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons in the presence of sunlight. Chlorofluorocarbon s (CFCs) Used in many years in the refrigerators, automobile air conditioners, solvents, aerosol and propellants and insulation

Deposition to the surface, chemical reaction in the atmosphere.

Degradation occurs in the upper atmosphere at the expenses of the ozone layer. one initiate the destruction of as many as 100,000 ozone molecules.

The most powerful of greenhouse gases-in the atmosphere one molecule of CFC has about 20,000 time heat trapping power on a molecule of CO2.