..

ANCIENT CHRI STI AN

COMMENTARY ON SCRIPTURE
GENESIS I-ll
EDITED Ill"
AN DR EW L OUTH
GENERAL EDI TOR
THOMAS C. 00101
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ANCIENT C HRI S TIA .... COMMENTARr
PROJ ECT RESEARCH TEAM
G EN1RAL EDITOR
ASSOCIATE EDITOR
Chriuoph .... A. Hill
OPRRATIONS MANAGeR
JHlEIo .. My
TRANSLATIONS PROJ IiCTS DIRBCTOR
jHlScao.ol,,"
R1SEARCH AND A CQUIS ITION S
MkIM<lGltnop
EOITORIAL SB R V I CES D JlUiCTOR
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ORIGINAL VERSION D IRBCTOR
G RA DUAT B RE SBA RCH ASSISTANTS
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A OMI NI STRATI \ ' L ASSISTANTS
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A._
CONT ENTS
GENER.AL INTRODUCTION xi
A GUI DE TO US I NG THIS COMMENTAR.Y
ABBREVIATIONS xxxvii
INTRODUCTION TO GENESIS 1-11 xxxix
COMMENTARY 1
ApPENDIX: EARLY CHRISTIAN WRITERS
AND THE DOCUMENTS CITED 177
CHRONOLOGY 183
BIOGRAPH I CAL SKETC H ES 185
BIBLI OGRAPHY ' 193
AUTH ORS/ WRITINGS INDEX
SUB1ECT INDEX ' 201
SCRIPTU RE INDEX' 20..;:
G BNE RAL INTRODUCT IO N
n.. Ancimr O>Mian Cornnwllrary on Striprurt (herufrer Aces) is a lWCllry .. ight O'OIumt
patriJ.ticcommalW')'on Scripturt.. The patriltic the time of the fathen of'mechurch.lpani
the e .... from Oemelll of Rome (fl.c. 95) 10)ohll ofDam.lICUI (c.645...:. 749). TMcommentary thus
CO'<n I(V1'n lltum afbib/iQ] inurponatlon. from the cnd oftbe NcwTaume." 10 the mid
eighth century'. induding me Vcnenhle Btd..
Sin the method of inquiry for \h( ACes h.:l$ bn developo:d;1I close coordination with corn
pour tcehnology.1! Kt'Va at. a pountial modelof' an evolving. promiling. teehnologiallr pragmatic.
meolopcally inugno,ed method for doing ruarch ill \h( huro"}' of' cngesis. Thr purp<>K of' thi.
gcncralimroductiontomeserieailtopreumthi5appro.:lchandac.countforitsmethodoJogiaJpran.
This IS a Jong..:ldaya! uoigrumn. in biblical and hismricaJ scholarship' rrintrodudng in a COlI",,
nient form key tcxts of early Chrilliall commentary On the whole ofScripturt.. To that elld. hisrori-
ans. lnnJlarors.cligiul,echnician$, andbiblialandpalrisnc od>o!.arshawcoUabor::nedilltheruk
of praenting IOrthc fint time in manycenturia theM: tau from mearly history ofChristl&ll Ue
gesis. the gloSlU. reflections. debateS. contemplatioru and dclibcra
lions of urly ChristiaN. are orderal venc by ven.c: from Gellesis 10 Ikvd.ation. Also included arc
patri$tic comments on the d.etnemcanonical wrirings ( ... metimes r:alled the ApocTyph.a) that
11)' the Fathers. Thi, il a fuU.scaJe duoic commentary On Scripture consilting
of Kkctions ill modem transbtion from the ancient ChristWl writers..
Tnt Ancient ChrutW. Commentary on Scripture has th ..... goals: the rencwal of ChrlS'l&II
prr<><ning baacd on d..auicaJ Chri$lian cxT.si . lhe inren. Hied stud), 11)- who
wish to think with me urly church about me anonial ten. and the lCimuJ..tion of Chruri.an his-
IJM!Wry"in.om..mpruralinrer
pretation.of mean""n,Chrisdanwri.en.
Onearop.agetheScripture.cxri. ucompaniedbythcmos.lKMe........m) rcm.orksoflu)'COfIKft
$.w cngnltS of the early O>risrian Ct:II"","- This fomuJ arrangemen' follows app.....,im.ow)' the
lraditional partcmof'lhepublilhedluuotheTalmudanetme invention of printing and o( the
:U>- orJ' ......... thalprectdedprilllillg.'
'S"'O'-J .. T ........ wil-ir_ ..... __ J..,........-.n..T_ ... ___
....t_"" .... M.oIo ............ ,........"""oilo ... .t...ra..BoloIot......t .... Gemo, .... <Iaboro_oi .... M ........ n..onooi)
oiToInood.;,,_ .... ...I......d. ...... T ........ .. 1OroI, .. ... onoI.-.lu ....
T ......... ____ J __ ScropNrt. .. _ .. -. ... ...,......._a. __
Ren;nal ofNe,lected Ch .inian Tun
Tbett is an emerging &:I, nood among dlverse Christian commu""ua these tUU be accurately
..,coverN and studied. Recent biblical Kholarship has so foc:wcd anention on post-Enli,t"enmen,

Aftn yea ... of quiet gestation and ..,fleaion on the bare idell of I plt.i,tit commen,a...,, a feasibil
,ty consultation ,,'u drawn togemu 11 the invitation of 0..,,,, University in Novembe. 1993 in
Washington, ne. This ",ri,.. emerged from du., conswution and 'lI ensuing .fuaw;ion.o. Enen
&;..., funhcr (OnSwcJ.[ions we.., underuken during 1994 and rlw:rcafter lI\ Rome, Tiibingcn, Oxford,
Cambndge. AthtJU. Alaandna and btanl.d, _king me advice of me m05! rompetcnt intema
tional KhoIan in rlw: his,oty of Among disdnguished whoconmbll,ed wd'IC urty
layen of the procc .. wc leading wdun on urly chllret. hi, mry, hCTnten"",i,,, homi
led" , hiAlo'}' of cxtg""is. 'p. emo.k theology and pastoral theology. Among kading internat;onal
authorities consulted early on in the projt design ""'.., Si. Henry Chad",ick of Oxford: Sish0p5
Kalhnos Wan of Oxford, Rov.an WoIll" .... of Monmouth and S,ephm S)'1cu of El)' (all form"
patrisna prckuon at 0d0rd or Cambridge); Profeswn Angelo Oi Bcnrdino and Bui! Sruder of
the Pal"",,, lrurirute ofRame; and I'Toftsoon Karlfril Froc:hl,cn "nd Brucc M. Mct::gnofPnn
on. They _re uccptionally helpful ;n map'"' our I..t of voIllme cdi" ..... Wc an: cspccWIj'
indebted to the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Bartholon'lC ... and Ed ... IdnA Cardinal
Cauid)' of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Ch,;",i"n Unity, the for Ihcir blessing,
stead), Auppon, and wi.., ooun..,1 in de'""'ioping and IM Orcw Univcni'}' Pam$lic Corn

Tl'IC OUtcOfm of fe:wbilil}' COrllwtaOOrll "U genem thal iM project ,,-as pm.
foundlr needed, accomfWUCd by an l1IIusu.ai ugcrncss m set OUt upon tht f""':itct. , aIid.o,ed b)' a
willingness on the J>lrt of many to commit ..Juablt Timt m accomplish ,t. At iM J>lce of three or
four voium" per year. the commentaty 11 ta'1"'ted fu,- completion ""thin the first decade of the mil
lennium,
Thi. se .. i" stands ull.lpologerkall) as a practical homiletic and devotioll.lJ guide to the earliest
layers of dusk Chnstian rt:aci,nll' of biblical tuu. It intends ro be. brief compendium of reil .....
0"'" on parricular Stpruagin Old Larin and Ne..' Tcstament teXU bj'iMirariicst Ch riJtian ;n,(1"
prcrcn. Hen " is not a COtnJIItfttar')' b)' modem .undarch. but " is commenW}' 1' the
nandardsof thoae who anteceded and formed the wis of the modern commentary.
nnnpor_OI........!Srnp<u... n..T __ ""J-..Iu..p.- ,;".. .. ___ prnod .... _----...... """" __
_ .... Tw...I ......... .. M..n",;, .... ..
"' .... 01 .. 100<-""""" ... ,."""" n.._'oI ........... 'rubloohooI .... """oI .. TaIonuoI_IoI"'-'Itht.uIy ...............
oi_ ......... .ol _-.. .. _I' ... ""'_ ..... ..,.............,..js...,.-., ..... fl.<_ .....
.... ............. .,{,_...,.... .....
Manl' useful contemporary idloWiy drom art and art conmbu.ring 'ignificand)' ro
the rOV.ry of ,tau;.: Christian ten.. Notable in English among thut. Fau.. .. of the Church
..,ries (utholi, of Am.n.:a Pr .. ,), Ancient Christian Write .. (Paullst), Cilttn:Un Stud-
its (Cilterrian Publications), TheChurch'. Biblt (Etrdmaru)_ M_goof ch. Fame .. of me Oturch
(Mic:hacl Glazic.., liturgical Prest.) andTau and Srudits (Cambridge). In odlttlanguaga.imilar
tA'Oru an: conopicuouoll' found UI SouKca Oorm.nllC$, Corp.u Ooristianonun (Seriu Graeca and
Latiruo), Corpw Scriptorum Chrisrian01\lm Corpw Scriptorum Ecd .. wticorum
t.orinorum, Text. und Unr.rsuchungtn :ur Gachichtt d.r a1",hri.dimtn UU'ran1f. Die gricch;'.
chcn christlim.n SchrilUt.U.r,Patrologia OritnwiJ. Pauologia Syriaca.. Bibliom::a p.a, .... rica..L4
P.ra da ... b for, CoIuruo di Tcsti Patnatici, crUlIllfI. lkU. origini, L.mure crisrian. del
pnmomillcnruo.CuItura crisua ... anria, Thcs.aunu Lingua. Larinae, LinguuGnecac:
and the Ctttdoc ..,rics, whim offi:rJ in digiw IOnn the voIu ..... of Corpw Chrisnanorum. The
Ancitnt Christian Comm.ntary on Scripture builds On ch. JPl.ndid work of all thut. ltudi .. , but
foc:u.ou prim.orily and modestly on the recov.ry ofpaui.oric biblical wisdom fOr con. cmporary
pruching and by apiritml I"ormation.
Digital Research Tool "d Result.
The volume editon been IUpportc<i br a digiut! rnearm tarn at Drew Univenll), which hu
identified th .... classic ccimn,.nts b)' pcrformingglobal .... rch .. oftb. Grc.k and Latinpatristi,
corpus. The,. ..,arched for.msc taU in th. Thcs.aurus Lingux Graccac (Tt.G) digiuliud
Greckdatabasc.tbeCtudoceditionofm.Larinu:n:sofCorpusChrurianorumfromm.un .... de
tn.itement ekctroniquc des documents (Un,vcnit" cath.oliquoe de Lou,-ain), m.
llatrologia Latiruo Oaabasc (Mignc) and the Pacbrd Humanitia Institu .. !.ann dal3bascs. W.
h,Vfc also utiliud rh. CD ROM surchabl. v.nion of m. Early Church Fath.n.of whidt the Dw ..
University project ...... an early cmponsor along with the Ekctronic Bible Sod}.
Thi. ha. resul,ed in a plethon of raW and Lann ,anul materials from which the voIum.
editonIuVfcmaded.ucrim.inating chota$.l lnthis.-aytheprojtctofficcha.alreadrsuppliedlOeach
voIumctditor'a5ubounrial rc..ad ...... t of Greek and La,ingioNco, up/anationJ.obo<: .... a,ionsand
comm.n .. on each ,'cne or pcrio>pc ofScriprurc <cr..' Onl,., 5nul1 pcrccnug<: of th .. ra .. m.o<er:ial
'Hon-.:_l-...IConoI< ............. _ooIOcIOOd __ c..-.Sr-" ..... _ooIooorioIupmo"'""- _
_ ...... oi_-....."""'W-..... .,...;wo. ___ -J-a..--------
Tooll __ adoiooI .... -..I __ &a.l-....,. .. EacI""..-
................... "" ___
'TI..G ..... C-.Io.: ... .--.._ ..... MIp< .. .. I.o<oo_ ... --{1 _ ..... ..
..... '"""'--.do.,:.ua,. ......... ""'*'- (2) .... ...,. . ....... rtI.ob.< ..... .. . _<nt><aI __ ()) ... _
....,io .... Nru .. ...... ......,. __ ..... ..... ...,),o
.............., ..... ' S) .... _ oi u<l., ... "" ..... _.,.tcdo,a.. .......... .....,
ha.< in fact made the gnde of 01,1' selection muria. But such is the poignant work of the "'Ienin. Or
of any compiler of a compendium for general uu. The inunt of tM is to achieve brevity and
eoonomyof upl"U$ian by exclusion of ex<ranwus material. nOt tOgo intoctilicaJ explanatory <kt:lil.
Through the u<e afBoolean uy word and phrase searches. in these datobues.. the " am
identified the Grttk and Latin tcXU from early Christian write" that refer <t, .pecific biblical p ...
.... ge . \VIletc <ur;u.aI valianT.< occur among the Old Latin teXU Or disputed G"ek textS, ther ""e
cmed key word surches with appropria" or expeaed variables. including aIlusian. and analogies
At this time af writing. the D",,' Universit)' ACes r=tch staff has already completed most of
these intricate and prodigio .... computer searches. which would have been unthinkable befare corn
pmertcchnolog}'
The employmenl af these digital ""'urces h .. yielded unupeaed advan<ages' a huge residual
dacabue, a means of idenrifying commenu on texts not previousl), considered for caren.> ...... an
efficient and co,,eA"otive deploymen, ofhunun Tt...,u" ... and an abundance of potential material
for future studies in the hi,<oty of uegtsis. Mo .. of rhis w .. accomplished b)' a highly talented
group ofgtaduatc students under the dirw:ion ofJoel Scandrert , Michacl Glerupan djocIElowsk)'
.. couldhardlrhavebttn
produced. short ofa ,' .. ,.,my ofr .. u"hers workingbylaboriou<hand.ndpapersear ch .. in scat
<credlibrar;esaroundtheworld.
Fututc reade" of Scriptu .. will inc .... ingly be working with emerging forms af camputer Ioh
nolog}' and inreractive hypertcxt forlrults that will enable rude" to uarch om quicldy i nmo"
detail ideas. lexts. themes and < .. rns found in the ancien! Christian wri"rs. The ACeS provides an
embryonic paradigm far how that can be done. Drc:w Universit) offers the ACCS to SCrve both .. a
po,enrial research model and .. an OutcOme of tcsurch. Wc hope that this prin<ed series in <radio
tion.oJ book form will in rime be supplemented with. larger surchablc. digiti:::ed , .. rsion in &Om'
.. orcdmemor), hypertut IQrmar. We con<inue [0 work with an .. rute conlOrtium of computer and
rc:sear,hotgani::.illion, ro Serve the future nceds ofbolh historical schalarshi pandthcalogicalsrudy.
The Sur feil of Materi "l . 6r" ugh. t o Ligh,
Wc nm.:irnaw thallhere is virruallr nO portion of Sctiprure about which the anci en,Chri .. ian
wtirers had little Or nothing uufuJ Or meaningful <0 .... y. Many of them studied the Bible thoroughl),
with dcepcon<cmplat;ve dis.cemmenl,OOInp.;lring text wim UXI.onen mcmori::inglarge portians of
11;. At: chap.ers of all sixt).ix book> of the traditional ProtCSCOnl corp"" "al'e reulved
dolii>erate oroc.: .. ional p.;I"is,ic uegctical or homil.,i, t .... <men,. This ocri .. also ind ucie. pa";", ,
commencorr On 'Uts not found in the Jewish canon (otten designated the Apocrrpn" ar ci eutoroca
non;caJ writings) but that were included in ancien: Gr..,k Bibles (th. Sepruagint l.
almough no:pre"seir me same tcxuin each tr:>di,ion. temain parr of the rec,,!:,ni:ec ,,,non,o: Iil.
Roman Catholic and Onhodoz rradiriom..
While SOme booIu of Ihe Bibk a..., rich in wnebrvene p;nrin;c commenta.ries (nolabl) Gene
5;'. PJajnu, Song of$olomon.lsaiah. Matthew.john arw:! Rontan$). the..., are many othen du, art
lacking in ;n"","" (ommena"", from this earlypcriod. Henu W1: have not limited our seard.es [0
these IOrmal commm=iao. but sought a1lusiolli. analogies. crosJ<OnneCtioru and rd'eret'ICU [0
biblical tens in all IOrtI of patrisric literar}' sources.. lhen: an: many pcruprive in5ighu th.n have
rome ro us from homiliao. letten. poet!')'. hymns. essays and trtan-. tha, nud 001 be arbitrarily
excluded from a (ateou. We have .srcned for lucOnn. discerning and moving pucagu both from
hncbyline commcnta.riao (from authon IUch aI Origen. Cyril of Alaand.u. Theodoret of Crr.
John ChryaD$IOIn,jerome. Augustinc and Bede) and from ochei' literary genru. Oue of a lunm of
rnulnng raw ""'Ierull. the O'OIume edJtofS ha ... been in""ed looclec:t the bcs:.. wilat and mO$t rq>-
lUCllta.ti ... refl,ctions of ancient Chriatian wnren on a gi ... n biblical paauge
For \\'hom b T hi, Compendium Duigncdl
WehawchoscnandonlertdthtiCsckctionsprimarilrforagenerallayreadingaudienaof"""J'fD'
who srud)' the Bible reguIarIj' and who urnest!y wiah ro have dusic Chtiman obscr. ...
IIOIU on the tUt a'-.ilabk ro them. In vud)' difFcnng culrural ...rnnS'. comcmporary la)'
readen are uking h"", .. Ihq mighl grasp the meaning of oacrcd "",.. un<kt the instruction of the
great minw of the ancient church
Yi:,tnsofocusingouranent;on.W1:.redcrcrmincdf'>OltontglmtherigorouJreqwrcmencsarw:!
nttda of :IoCIdanoc ruden who up 10 now hll"t had l tark/r hnuccd fClDUtceS and compendia in the
huwrrof uegesis. lhe .. ri.., which is being cn.rulatcd intO om bngwp ofhalf the WOrid'l popu'
lation. i. designed ro public Lbraries. uniwnmes. cl"OA<:Ulrurallrudics and hi"oricaI infCusa
worldwide. It unapologctically daiml and ""ctU its due and rightful place aJ a .ta.ple source book
forlhthinoryofWel1em!ite<arurt
Our varied audiences (la)'. puronJ and academic) are much broadt-t than the highly lechnical
and spccialiud schobrl)' 6dd of patnl1>C ""diu. TheJ' are f'>Ol limiced to uniw ..... q- scholars con
CCIIlralingon the arud)'ofthe hinorl' oflne IJ'Jnlmission ofthccuc or co m..... with
mCert.Jts in taNal mo.phology- or hi.roncai-crillcal issues arw:! ipccularions. Though thac ",main
crucialconccmlfor ipccialilts.the),arcno!!heparamounlintel'Cllofehet<\itorsof the Ancicnt
ChnlCian Commentary On Our work is largd), tatg('tcd ttraighta,,a) for a puronJ alldi
... an![Ordlcctandmedita.tcWlthth.carI)'
church abou: the plaIn 5c1Ue. theolopcal ,,'IJOoIh. and mor::aI and Iplnrua! murung of particuia:
There art .-arious legiumatt competmg vISIOn' 0: how ollch a patriaeic commentary should be
dewlopcd, each of which were carefull)' pond.red in our ieuibilit}" 5flId)' and its \-Vim
high rupeet <0 alternative conceptions, there are compelling reasons why the Drew UnivcrJity
project has conceived as a practically commenury addrcMCd firsl of all to infonned lay
rcadc:n and mOre broadly to pastors of Prolestant. Catholic and Onhodo" rnLditions. Onl) in an
ancillary way do wc ""vc in mind as our p;trticul.ar audience the guild of p;ttrUtic academics.
although we wekome their crirical U&eSlment of Our m.thods. If WC succeed in serving lay and pas
toral reade .. practically and well. wc apect thcs.c: lens will aJ.ro be advanug<'ously UoN by collcgt
and IW'minarycouncs in Bible. hermcnculics, church history.hislorical theology.ndhomilerics,
siru;. th.y arc not easily acccssibl. oth.rwise.
The series seeks to offer to Chrisrian laity what the Talmud and Midrashim have long offered 10
Jewish r,aden, Thcs.c: found.arional $Ourc are finding their way into many public school
andintothcob!igatorybookcolltetionsofm=ychurchcs.pasrors.le.a<h .... andbypersons.lri,
our intent and the publishers' commitment to keep the whole series in print for m""y yt"at'S to come
and to make il aVllilable on "" economically viable .,1hscriplion Noi .
Th .. e is an emerging awaren ... among Camolic. Protestant and Orthodox bity that vital bibli-
calprcachingandteachingstandinurgen.nmof$Omedttpergroundingbey<mdmescopcofthe
hislorical-criticalorientationsdmhavedominatcdandattimestdiJ'$"dbiblica1srudiesinour.imc.
Renewing religiow communities of p"'yer and service: (crisis ministries. urb= ""d wnpw min_ ""\
istries. counKling ministries. rerreat ministries. monasteries. grief minulrie mininri of compas-
sion. etc.) are being drawn steadily and emphatically toward these biblical $Ources for
mediution and spirimal formation. Thcs.c: communities.rc uking for primary $Ourc. le" .. of spiri-
mal fO"",,"I;on prcs.c:med in accessible form. well-grounded in reliable schobrthip and de<lic:ated 10
practicalw.c.
The Prema,ure Diserediliog of the Caten. Tradition
We gratefully acknowledge our afFini<y and indebttdncss to the spirit and literary form of the any

pretatiolUofancientexcgtlcsone.a<hbiblicallCu.Ourcd.ilorialworkhasbcndiredbyutili:ingand
adaptingtholW'rrac\iriorufor.odaysreaden.
ltisn'gn'ttabl.tha,thi.disrincrivedusicapproachhasbttnno.onlyshelvedbutpecu1ianymis-
placed for SO'veral anruncs. It ha.< bttn long sine<: any ==1" has bttn made 10produ this
$Or< of comment<lry. Under fire from mod.m critia, 0.( ClItena approach dwindled to :umO$t nom
ingbymtnincteenlhcenruryandhasnoruntilnowbeenrevitalizcdinthispo$tCTi1lcal situalion.
Ironically. it U wimin our own $O-cilled progressive and broad-minded ce nrury that mese len .. havr
bttn more hidden aw.y and ignored than in ""y prtviow century ofChtistian schol-
arship. With all Our historical and publishing compercru;ics, .hue tex .. havt bun rcgrc""blr
d(nied to hare .. of Christian preaching in our rime. thw revealing of mode,.-
My (modem chauvinism. narunlism and a,nonortKlUl individu.alam).
blasroo<m
narundistic reductionilm. MO&t of the J>&rticipmts in the ACCS pro;ea haw: livtd through douns
of iterations of these crel .. of [jurary and hisrorical criliciJm. ",dong earnestly to upound and
intel"J'""',thC(U(Ou(ofc...,r.n.orrowingempiricis(p...,mius.FordecadesScripru...,tcach.nand
puron ha..., the (ro1.IbII ... 'un of asscnw;\ and trc..w within acadmtk criticism.
Prud>cnha..., atttmpWII<> Wgutand utiliuthcacapproacha.yethavtofunfound the oufOmeS
daappointing. l"be..., is an increa:I:ing awat'tRCSI of the apUlariw: ucusu and the .pinru.al and
homiletic Iimit300ns of much f'06'Enligh.enmen( cri.iciam.
Meanwhile the: motifs. mtrhods and apprna<::hts of ancien. uegeIes haw: ...,main.d ahockingl)"
unfllttiliar no. onlrrnordaintdckrgy but I<> oth .......
uhaUlIi...,ly in the m.thods of lCitntific criticism. Amid the VUt t""gcrical Labori of rh. Wt two
the :oru::ient Qu;"ian utgt'tU have ,ddom bn revisited, and then onl)' margin.>llj' and
cit.n t.nd.:ntiowJ,.. W. haw: clear and indisputabkcvidcnoc of the: prevailing modem contempt fur
dauic uegais. namely m..t the ut.",.;w: and once lWthoritatlw: da.uic commtnUrle$ on Scnprurt
W1l ",oWn unrran$lawl into modem languages.. Even in Chma this Iw not happened ", dauic
Buddhm and Confucian rommcntarieo..
This "Y"Ctn.lrX mndem ICholarl j' neglect is Stl nOI only among Protuun .... bUI all<> is wide
Ip...,ad among Cathnlics and cy.n OrthndOl:, wh ..., ironi<:aUr the Fath.", art 5Om.,im., piousl)'
... n.raudwhiknolbeingen.rg.riallr ..... d.
So twO powerful complcm.nu.ry conumpnrary f"orra are al work rn dr:aw OUr lar auditnct once
"I!aU. coward these rcru and 10 &et th.m from p"""""" llmiled premisu: Firsl . this stnU IS a
rc$ponK .., the dttp hungu for dauicaI Christian ucgcsis and for the his.o!} of UtgcII1. parUl'

UKful utgttical OulCOm" of f'06'.Enhgh nment historiCllt and n.atur:ali.!ric...,ductionisl cririciJm.
Both of these animating .n.rgi .. ue found among la)" r.adtn of Roman. Ea.1.rn and Pro'Hta.lt
Through the of the chronologicalli ... and biographICal back of ucb volume,
ttadencan Iocau in timc and pIaa: the voica dUplayal in the eugws of a panirular pericopt. The
chairu (caltnac) ofinlcrpreurionofaparricularbiblicalpalPgemUlprovideglimr-iNoththio.
101")' of the imtrprctation of a glw:n ...rr. This f'lrttrn Ius w:nnabk antedenu in parristic and
meditval.",tgcsis of both Ea.um and Wesum rntdilions. u """U u impon::anl upressions in lhe
]Y,formariontradi.inn.
Th. Ecumtniclll Rang( and lnt. nt
Rtcogninon of need fer. the Fathers' wisdom ""er man)' d,WTR Ii:mm of Chruriarut). Th;,
has necusi ... ,ed ,he (oop,,,.';on of .. hoLan of widdy diven<: Christian communilics 10 accomplish
cm task fainy and in a NLmc:ed "'a}'. It hasbn a rNjorm.unenic:al un.ckruking.
Under rnis d.u.s1C.extuai umbrelL.. this ... ncs brings lovrner in common apint O uurians who
have long di .... nctd ,htm..dves from urn o.her through "'JW"te and onen competing church
m('Tnohts. LIn<kr this _Icoming umbrella an gathering l'roIu ... nu with Eulem
o.thodo>t. Bapnsu Wlrn Roman Cornolics. Rdonned wich Armin,:ms and charlsmaria. AngLcans
wilh Pcnteco.sw... high with low church adhere nu. and prcm<><krn ... adi,ionali.u with f'OI',m<><krn
H<nII' IS" that such ' 'aned Chmnans an: abletofind nupiration ;mdcommon faith in theKlens;
\Vhr arctheU lcxtS andstud,u$(I intrmslCa!1yecumeni,a1.$(I calholirin ,heir cultural range!
BccauualJofthaeuadmonshaw:anequalnghllOappullotheCllrlyhistoryofChri$tianexeg<'SU-
All of me... .radlUlS can. without a sacrifice of in.dlec:t. come togc:lhCT 10 study lens common.o
Ihcmall. Th,"",dassk.ex .. hi .. ory ofexcgCl". Pro ...
lants haw: a right 10 .he Fathers. Athan;l.i'''' is nOl OWll(d b)' Copu. nor is Augwrine owned b)'
North Afncaru. T'hue nunds a", tht common possosion of the whok mun:h. The OrthodM do
no: have exclusive rights O,'er Buil. nOt do Ihe RomaJU over G"'go., Ihe Greal . Christims eve!')"
whtrc have equal c:latm mmcse rochCland arc discovering them a:u! glimpsin(; their unit) Inthl
bOOyofChron.
From man)'varied Chri$ri.tn t,",ch. ions th .. projec:t has enli.ud u edium a tUm oflea<!.
Ing inferna.ional ",hola .. in ancient Christian writings and the hisl0t') of exegesis. Among Easlern
Orthodoxcontribu.on an: Profcsa.onAndrc ... Louth olDurham University in England and
Dragas ofHol)' Croa (Greek 0nh0<Iru: ) School of Theology in Brooklinc. Mauarnl1RrlS. Amonf
Roman Catholic ",hola" arc Bened;(linc " holar Mark Sheridan of the San Anulmo Uni .. of
Rome.pun}os.cph Lienhard of Fordham Univc:niry in Ne... York. Ciltercian Fath ... Fnnru Mar
IIn of the Catholoc: UniversitJ' of America. Album Ftrre, ... ofSeame Pacific Uniftnity. and SM .. "
Voicu of Ihe EaStern European (Romanian) Unine Catholic t,",dition, wno ttache.! It meAuSW"n
ian P'"tUuc: lns.inne ofRorm. The N.: ... Te .. amtrn ... rico is inaugu .... ted with cm volume on Ma.
ch", offered b). <he rcnownd Cod>olic authonn' in the histot'). of e.upis. Manllo Sirnonm:, of me
Univenllr of Rome. Among Anglican communion con.ributorl ore Mark Edwords
Bishop Kcnncm Ste\VUOO (Fareham. Hampshire. in England), J. Roben Wrigh. (Ne..' YOrk).
Anckrs Bc:rgquist (SI. AIbans). Goniar (Atlanta) and Gcn.Id Bray (Cambtidgt. England. anc
Slrmlngham. Alabama). Among Lutheran (Ontnbul0n a", Quen!;n Wes.selschm;d: (5:. LO\ns ;.
Phiilp K"'r anc Eric Hecn (Philil<klpbia}. and Arthur J"': ....... iliwn Weinrich and Dean O. Went;'.
(all of Ft. Warne.lndtana). AmongdutingutShed Protutan: Reformed. Bapw: and othc e''anp:iJ
ca! schol.rs arc John Sailhamer and Ste,""n McKmion (Wake Forest. North Cam;'na).
and Cumen Hardin (LouilviUe. KlnrucltyJ. Chrismpbt:' Hall (5:. D.,,d.. . PennS\.j,anta
J. Ligon Duncan m Mississippi ), Thomas McCuIlough (D,""ville. Kt:ntud<y), John R.
Frank. Pcn ... and Mark Elliott (HO)'(' livupool).
The intem.>,iorW . eam of MOOn. ...... ..,Itacd in part 00 flea mil ecumenical rangt. They wtrt
choIen on me prcm.iK n.o"< only duI d>cy wc <ornpt ..... t.o ..,Ita fairly mo..., mat be$:
ronvcy the corumJual tndition 01 urIy a.riJrian c:ugcW. bu. abotha. mey woo.dd no< omitsignif".
icam voices within it. 1My lUrched insofar u possible for mo..., comments mat
would mn", widely received gentnUy by the whole church of all generations. eut and W ...
Thi l i, no. TO ,uggU\ o. imply ma. all panuric writers agr. Onc will immediately on upon
...,ading .hae sekaion.c mat within the boundaries of orthodo%) .. ma. is. adudingOUlrigh. dl:nIllls
of ccwncnically ruciwd uaching. thcrfc arc man)' views poa.ible aboot a pvc:n rat 01" idu;tnr;l mat
theac dilfcrml views ma), lnongly affected br wide ,-m.rics of soaal cnvironmcnu ;tnr;I COIlIau.
The Dr<:w Univcrsi<)' project ha.s bn meticulous abou. conunwioning volume cdjton.. Wc
haw IOUghl ou. world<lau preeminen. in in.ernational biblical and pa.nsti<: IICholarship.
and wW: in me, hiJ.oryof acgcsis. Wc have no. been <fu.appoin.cd. We have cnli".d adivelV .. am

n.. pro:jcct cdiron ru...., IlrTvcn fora h.gh level oIconsisrcncy ;tnr;Illter:aryqual.ry .-. mc coulV
of,his Krics..A5wimrnollJ'f"":iuolm"son, thecdirorialVliJOflandprncedurua""progy-cw,dr

HonoringThcologiulRcalOning
since;1 ,,,,ndsin the..,mceof the won.hip,ngrommulU!}, the Aces un.aOuhcdly auciaI
ecwncn>ealpmiocsuthefoun.d.ationfo.iumcthodofcdirorial..,Iccrions:...,vcl.ation in his""}"
trlni"''''''n roh ...,ncc,div'n. provid.ncein "X"l.ofiJri n (Qnwu ("the
rule o(f:o.ith and Ion"), .he mnvertillg work of the Hol)' Spirtt. The.., arc rommOll auumptions of
the living communiriu of v.ror5hip that "'" ..,rved br the commentary.
I, i. common in this transgcnerarion.al commUlli<y of faith TO auume du. me COf\Jt1Uual
ecIIlMnical WKhers wc", led 1' me Spirit in their inu:rprctivt. dioru and in Ihelr 'rllUmitring of
a.'Llnan truth amid me ha::ardi of hIllO<"). "Tilcse taU auume lOme ],e,"! of IIn;ry and CODlinuiq'
of eeumenical COIlSCnl lll in th. m;lld of me believing church, a CO""'n"" mO..., dea"r grasped in
the pal.ill;c period ,han W. would be 1_ ,han lrue 10 the nc:n:d lexl if wc allow..! mode."
auumpl;oru [0 Ovt.rrun theu prcmiseJ.
An exu:ndcd proJ"I furl> as this requires a wcU .... dlncd (on.sta.ntly u the
O<pn,:ing principle ;tnr;I dcrcrmina .. -hich approacha talt. pnon!)' lI"I ...n.a: .art of babncc. Th"
object,ve infumu; the ... ay ,n which ,eRlOORl ill complui<)' a ... rn.lIUged. Tlli l object, ...
hu al!Udr been JIImmariuQ in the Inree goah mentiolled at the begmning of .nll int.ooucnon. To
al,er '""}' onc of theK goah would. .ignifi: antir alt.,. th. cru.raacr of me whok taSk. W. vie,,' Oil:
work nor only as an a<:adcmic exercise ... ith lcginmalC peer review in the academic community. but
al..oasa vocation. a tuk primarily undertaken <OIIIm Dto (" befon God") and nor onl),,,,n,,,, iooInini
j",.("before humaniry"). Wchavebecnasronished thar wc havcbccnlcd farbcyondouro ... gin.1
intendon inm a Chinese translation and other rranslatiolll inlO major world languages.
ThisefFonisgroundcdinadccprcspcctforadistinctivclythcologicalreadingofScripru""wl
canno.bereducedtoh"toncal.philosophial.sacntificoroociologicalinsighuormcthod&.. lluke.
Menot1$l) the ven.rablc .raditKm of ecumenical rdIccrion conocming the premises of rewlation.

Chri"ian .hough . Th" approach does no< pit theology against critical meo.}": in .. ea.d. i, incorpo
nlles (tltieal rnethocb and brings rhem in.o mordinau: xcountabilllY ... ithin iu ow ... tdI'ng hon,,'
IctOfrheolog.calpastoral J"'rpo>$CS- Such .n enduV'Or does nor CI ..... O an) cad..., of mod .... id.
oIog.a.ladv"'aq.
\Vhy Evangelical. Arc Inueuingly Dn ... n To ... ard PUdl l; C Eugui.
SurpruU\g to SOInt.. the 1I'\0I0' n .... emergen. audirna: forpa.rUric found .mon!;
th. upanding ... -orldwt& aud.enu of "'ang'local rCaMn who 1ft now burgeoning from I h"->' of
...,vn'alum that has often been thought III be hillorica!ly una"'aft. Thi' is a t ... wIion dut has often
been cariu",...,d as crincall)" Nck"'ard and hermeneuticaUy chaUcngt:d. Nov. B..pni! and Pemec ...
tal lai'rare redJsrov.ring the hiswry oflhe Holr Spirit. Thi, iu.clfil work oflhe Hoh
Sp.rit. A. rl>oM in .hut tradi.ioru conlinuc 10 m. ... ure. they rOgniu tMir need for biblical
l"CSOuI"CesthatFOfarbeyondthoscw.havcbeenmad ..u\.abIewthcminbodlmcl"cO$ocand
hmoncal-<nncal.radlllons.
Borh piensm and d>c Enhghtenment wcrc largclr.grecdin uprcu,ngdisd.ain for patrisri<: and
cia"ie forms of (Xcgeail. Vi,aI preaching and .ugesi. mw, no .... ""ntu..., beyond , he conltrictions of
h15wnaJ-cririaJ work of the centurr following Sch.....,itur and beyoM the pcnona1exillCnri:aJ Kory'
rclhngofpiistn.
DUring the nme I IICrVCd as KNot and uccutiv ...n.M of Cbrut"",,?, T..u,-. ] havc
...
Jibe ... J mainli n. communIon) like an ongoin!; $Cminar in learning to .mpathiu .... ith the tcruioru
n.ceuitiea andhungcrl ofthevuthetcrogcneowc,angelicalaudieru::t..
S\I: wh) jus, no .... il this ... cd for pa,riltic wisdom fell panu:ularly b) O\'an1'I,(aI leaden and
Iamo; Wh)" = ,,-orld...,Qf ... "angclica4inc ... .uingly<i ... ,.,.., """'aM ilI>C1en: accoun,.
for rh" rapid and balic rcvfl"lai of mood among the inherilon of che lrad,tioru of Prmcaan, rcvn-al
"m!!tI.pamrbccaUlt,h.C\angclicaln'ad"ionh .... beenlongdcpnvcdo:anr ',talcontactwm:
theMe patn.tic &ourcu lIn ,h. dars oflu.hcr. c..lvin and WtlIler . ... ho kII . ,, them wet.
Thil commmtary iI dediated to allowing ancient Chriltian extgeles to sPc: for d>tmsclvcs. h
will not fixo..d unilaterally on conrcmporarycriricilm.lt wm provid<, new ttKru.a1 ffJOurS
for me lay reader, tucbet lnd pastor mat bave lai n inaccessible during the last two <enturi"". With
out avoiding bistorical-airical iuua thathavc a1rady n:ceivcd a:.enJivc cxpIOf"lIticn in our rime. it
will_k to make aV3i1able 10 our pratnH:Uy audience the: mulriculrural. <ransgtncnoonal. multi
... mnirlg.gl"OWlng.hunm
and tobUSt audienct.
Such an ende.avor is tapec:iaIly poignanl and timely """. bcause increasing nwnM" of e\"angelica!
Protcw.nts an: newly diJ.:overing rich dimeNiona of dialogue and widening :uuI of ""'""MW ..
Ortho<Im-andCatholiaondMsiveusucalongtbougblirTcpanble. Tbe ..... dyoftht Fathers on Scrip-
turepromises to Ioignifian. infetaenOfUl berwun Prott$Uflts andurl>oba. on Wues maliuve
plagued them for ttnturics:justific:atioa. authoriTY. Chrisrology. uncrific.atioa and eochazolog)" \Vb)"
Because they can find in J>ft-Reform..o.cion tUts a common faith to which Chrisu..ns can appeal. And
thil is an arena in which ProteStants distinctively I"ttl at home: biblical authority and inlctprttation. A
profound yumingbroods within the heart of evangdicals for the recovery oftht hlsmry of enguis as

S.tp. To ... ardStltcrion.
In moving from u .... da .. fO making ""'nions. the volume editors bave been encouraged to move
judicious.l),througbthrItCJ>$:
Step I: <WInl Gm*.....! LItl" t""' ....... to>ria.. The volume editors have bttn rcaponsibk
for auniningme lLM-by-linecommenuncsand homilies on tht reno m.eir voIumccovcn..Mud. of
mil material mnains untranslated into Englim and JOme of it mto an)' modem language.
Step 2: RMewtnl d'g<I4l,td"ht.<. The volume editors ha,. Mcn respon.ible for examining mc
reoultsofdigitalloUrcJ.csimothcGreck and Latin d.JI:I.Iwc&. To get megi5t of ,he contU' of the
ordinarily about .en linos above the ra .... digital rtftrtn and ",n lines after the n:fcn:ncr

in cases when: the reoulu of me digital 1oUn:nes have bttn th,n. Thm the \'OIume edlrOf$ baw de.er.
mined from mcoc potential digital hits and from puhlilhed teXU thOle tlut mould be regarded u
more scrious pou.ibilifics for indusion.
Step 3. MoW""f ..Ittllo,U. Having assembled vcrv-br-vcrv commenn from the Grftk. and Latin
digital d.aW>ascs. from cnan. commen<arics.and from a1rud)' tra!Ul.at\ Englah lIOUn:es. either on
d.ul; or ,n pape pnmouu. the \'OIume ccIltoti ha,'. mm "Iccud me 00: commen .. and n:fltctiotu
of anom, Chnsn.an ....... teti on a pven biblICal rcr.. follOWIng upon critena.. The in.en. iolO
ftllp"rtmof'{c ... " nrences orparagraphiofpltriSliccommentfhatbe.ln:flectthemindof th.

The Mc,hod of Making Selections
It i. wcful to provide an erplicit account of procisdy how wc made th...,selectioru. We invite others
ro anemp' similot procedures and compare outcomes on particular p:lA$.O.ges.' We wekome the
counsel of oth .... who might roviewour choices and sugges, how they migh' ha...., been boner made
We hav ...,ugh. [0 avoid unconsciomlrbiuingour .. lecri ...... and wc ha""soIicited Counse lrohelp
In order that ,he whole projea might umain cohesive. the protocol. for making commenu,.,:
sclectionshavebeen joind)agreeduponandstateddcarlrinad,anccbrtheeditors. publishers.
translators and research , ... nu of the ACCS. \Vha, fonows is <>ur checklist in assembling ,hcs<
Thfol>",;ngprinciplt.<.! ltcti." have been mutu.tllragrecd upon roguide the editots in mak inf
spMc. wise. m ... ningful can. selections from the , .... , patristic rorp"':
I. From OUt huge d.ltab .... with iu profuse of po ... iblc comments, we ha ... preferred those
p:lA$.O.gestha,h2veenduringrele .. ance.penctratingsign;fic.aru::e.cTOSSOtlro<alapplic.abilitrandpra<
ticalapplicability
2. The volume .dimrs have sought to identify patrist;' .. Ieai ..... that display ,und",.nt ,hott
calst ..
The editorial challenge has been ((> identify the mos, vivid commen" and bring them to ..
,ransl:>tion.
Wc hope tha, in moS! c.ases selection.< will be pungcnt, memorable, quotable. aphoristic and
short (often a ftw sentences or a single paragraph) rather than e""en.<iv. technical homilies 0,
detailed upositions, and [hat manr wiU have some n.arnlti"" interest and mUmi""ti"e powcr. ThIS
crilcrion follows in the train of much Talmudic, Midrashic and rabbinic exegesis. In some e.ases
howevet. detailed comments and longer sections ofhomili .. have been con.<i<iered worth), of indu
3. We scek the m",. representarive COmmen[$ thal be .. roflect the mind of belie,'!nf
church (of all times and cultures). Selections focw more on the to id.nt;f), con&ensual
s[rains of eX'1:.si< ,han sh:r brilliance or erruic inno,ation. The 'hought or inter
pre[ation can emcrge Out ofindividu.al cr<ativi<}'.bul i,mwt no, be inco n$iSten, with ... nat the
apo$folicttaditiontuch .. andwhatchechurchbelie ..... \Vhatth.consensualtraditiontrusls
leaSt is individualistic inno"a!ion that ha.; not yet subdy leaml wha: the ... orshiping communi,,'
.. le ... in,ero"edin idio<rncraticin.erpn:c:nionsof a j:'iv<:n.e;c,han
'A .....baoiPh.D.daM""""" ... <u....dyb<"'!:"'"" .. ""m.h...",.oi ..
dnriop"" ... """l"'l''''''''''''''n>hodoIocr .... ,J>n>m''C'<o<honr<ho<hbiMKal .... ,......''' ............... oia'''fuI .. ,''''
.... ""' .... t...!on>lr-. .............my __ .... ... """"' .... """,aJ..o, .... ucnona ...
taU dill fairly rcpruent the ccnmJ flow of conJmIual eugWs. jwt what is untnl is
left for me fair pro&wonal judgment of our ecumenically disringuishccl Orthodo.: . Pr,""manl and
Catholic "Olumccditors to disum. Wc ba"" indudccl.. for example. many sdections from among me
but COmmcnU of Origen :and Ttrrullian, Dut n01 moat authors' peculiar eccentric:itiu mat ho""
bn widely di5tTwted by thcancitnt ccumcnkaltradi tion.
4. We have espcc:ially IOUght out for inclusion rho..c: coru.cnsus-baring authors who ha"" been
rdatiwlydisrcgarde<l. oftcnductod>cirooc:iallocuionorbnguageornarionalit). iruofaru thei'
work is IUOlWlt with the mainm-eam of COOKflIual exegesis. This is wh)' _ ha"" sought
OUI spccial c:onsulunu in Synac.Coptic: and Anncnian.
S. We ha"" sought to cull out annoying. coane, gracdcs.. ablurdl) allcgonar or r..:i:olly offen
sive infCrprctations. But whercour selections mal' haye some of lhox cdgts. _ ha"" supplied foot .
notes loaui51reaclcrsbcncttoundemandmeCOl1tutandintcntofthc ten
6. Wc haye constantly $OUght an appropriate balance of Ea.fCrn. Western and African tradi.
t ions. Wc ha"" inlCnrionall)' al1empocd to include Alexandrian. Antiochenc. Rom..n, Syriac. Cop-
tiC and Annenian traditions of interprcution. Above all. wc "'lint to p"",idc 5OU/Id.llimubting.
rdiabk UtgeslS and inumi", .. ing c:oposition of the ten hJ' the whole IJ'KfI'Um of cbwc Chril'
7. We haye nude a special effort where possible to indude the voices of women' .uch as
MaCTina.' Egcria. 'Fallonia Bctit;" Proba. the Sayinga of me o.:SCrt Mothers and othen;
who report the biblical interpretations of women of me ancient Chril tian tradition
S. ln order to anchor the: commentary solidi)" in prinury IOUtCcs 10 as 10 allow the: ancient Chri,
.tan wntCrl 10 address us on their own terms. the focuo is on the tera of the ancienl ChriJltan Wrif _
ers dIcmsc]yes. "'" on mookm commen ......... views or opinions of the ancienl wriltfS. We how
looked for chow rommmU on Scriprurc ma, will assist the reader to enCOUnter ,he
decpcstle"c) ofpcnetrarionofme tutmathasbcenrcachcdb,is hestinttrprcters lh;ng amid
highlydi""rgc:nturlJ'ChriltiansociaJsettinp
Our pUrpo$" is not to engage in crirical specula';"", on IC.t1ual ,,riants or Itemma of ,he: text . or
AIIopno:aI_._ .. _ ......... _ .... __ ......... .....
n... .. . __ a..- __ ... _ ..... .... _._.-... ...... ........
--.. . -------. .. --... - ..,..... .... -..-.,.........0: .......... .........
....................... ___ J ___ ._ .. .
...... __ .. ...,.,..w.""""' ............... _o......... .......... .,.....,._
J .. ....... .... ..".,..,._"T ....... OIoI T_ ....... .... _ ......... ""' ..... .. ... """
"""""'""","''''
.... .... boort .. .,.._"'T......u..... O"""-.Nr- G"I"'l''''r-;.........,.Jo-.
..... """I' __ ""*" ("' .... u..."'Motro(
---
..", __ .. _--rIoor,...,.. .......
do:Hbt<atiolU on its cultural con'ut or soci.allocation. uufuJ mose exer<:Uc may
bt. but to present mosr di$<:erning COmments of me ancient Christian write .. with a minimum
of di.otracrion. This p'OjKt would bt entirely mi.oconai""d if mought of as a moru:m commentary
onpam.tlccommentana.
9. We have intentionally !-Ought out and gamered comments th.u will aid effi:criv. preaching.
comments that give US a firmer grasp of pl:ain:s.c1lS<': of me tut. itS aumorioJ intent. and its 'piri
tu.tl meaning for the worshiping We want to help Bible readers and teachers gain read)"
access to the do:epe!lt reflKtion of the ancient Christian community offaim on any particuI...r tut of
Scripture
It would have inordinatdy increased the word count and cost if our intenrio n had been to am.us
exhawti""l)' all th.:!.t h:od eVer bten s.aid about a Scriprure tUt b)" every ancient Otr istian wtiter.
Rather we have ddibtratcl)" :s.cIK.ed Out of mis imm. nu d.:ota stream the StrOngest patri.ric imer
pretive rcflKtiolU on the.ut and sougllT to do:liver them inaccurate Eng!ish translari on.
To refine and develop mue guidelines. we have sought to ..,Ie't as volume editor. eimer
patristic. scholars who undeutand the nature of preaching and the history 0 fuegesis.orbibliClI
",holar, who are at ease working with dassical Greek and Latin SOurCes. We have preferred edi
to .. who are sympathetic to the nuds of lay person. and pastors alike. who ate generally familiar
with the parri,ticcorpus in itS fuJl range. and who inruitive!y undersrand the dilemma of preach.
ingtod:ly. The intcrnarionaland ecdesiasticallydivcr:s.cchara.::,crs.fthisreamofeditorscorte.
sponds with the global range of our ,ask and audience. which bridge aJl major communion. of
Chri .. ianity.
Is the ACeS a Commentaryl
w. have chosen to call our work a commentary, and with good reason. A commen .... !). in itS plain
:s.cnse definition. is "a of illus.rar;ve or uplalUtory OOt on any important work. :u On the
Scriptures." C"",mmr." i. an Anglici:ed form of the Latin , ,,,,,mmr.rn.s (an "annotation" or"mem

analr ... sorexpoundsaportionofScriprur . some ear
lier work such :u Julius Hyginw'$ comment.ari(s on Virgil in the fint ntu!). )erome menrions
many commentators on se<:ular tars btfo", his rime
The commentary i, qtpically preceded by a proem in which the qU""tiolU are who WtOt(
it; why! when! 10 whomi etc. Commenrs may deal with grammltiw or lexiw problems in the text
An anemp' is made fO provide me gi" of me au.hor". thought or moti'"arion. and perhaps to do:aI
with sociocultural influences at work ,n the .ex. or philological nuances. A commentary wuall)"
GlNZ ...... I><TIOODUCT10Ol
tUa aKCtion of achsaial tat and...du to make iu muningckar to readers roda)", or pro.a:im.otdy
cIcartt,in!uw:withdlecintenlofdw:aumor.
1lM: W ... tmlitmlry gmn: ofamunmwyisddinilively WpN bydlechisroryof url)'Chrislian
conunmtaria on Saipruf(, &om Origen and Hilary throughjohn Chrysostom and Cynl of AlH-
andria 10 1lIonw ..... quinas and NicoLu of lyra.. I. Leav .. toO much unsaid o.impIy IOU<""'" tha .m
Christian biblical cornnwtwy took a pll:";owJy 1tXQf1. lirerary genn: and rubap<:d i. for Chrillian
IHU- Rather il is mon:accurllte lO .... ymat dIec Western lilerarygenrt of mtcommontary (and espt
cia1Iyme biblital commen .... ry) has rarrisricromm .... u.riu as iu demi"" pattern and ptotorypt_and
cl>osc rommtmariu ha"" .. rongl)' influ"",td me whok W ... ern conception of me g.oonn: of com-
menta.r}", Only in !he Ias. rwo cenmri ... sinu me dewlopmtn. of modtm his.oricisl me.hods of
ctitic:ism, ha"" some .molars sought 10 delimit me definition of a commentary mOll: .. rictJr 10 as to
include only hisroriciJt inltt'tll:i-philological andgnmm.otial inlighu. inquiria inroaumor . .b.e
and Ktting. or imo sociopoIitic.aI Or ecotIomic: cil'CUllUtanCtI, or Ii.erary anaIysesolgcnn:, m\lctUIl:
and funcrion of the: IU!, or queaoom of tutuaI cnticism and n:liabilit). TIK ..... ces cd.ton do not
Manr UNte readen of modem commenan.. an lCU.dl' 1"'I-ff of om of mrir mOlt ptnlJtem
habits of mind, control of the <=< by me inleT""e wherebl' me and ..... tat romes under .he
pow ... (valUtl. asiumptiom. predispositioni. ideological biuu.) of me mootm interpretet. This
habit iJ bucd upon a ilrger pattern of modern chauvini.m that view, laur critical sourc ... as mon:
worthy than ... rlier_ Thil pn:judice unds 10 view the biblical ttn primarily Or sometimes Hdu.ivel),
mroughhurorkai-crilicalkrucsxcommodarive tomodernit),.
Although...., respta!hut viewsandour volume edi.on arc moroughl)' t"amifulr with contempo
rary biblial criticism,!he ..... ces cdiron fTedy take me ",umption mal the Chrisaan carMX1 is.o be
respuud as the: church'. "",red <=<" 1lM: 'H':" auwnpriono about iudf cannot be made I .... impor-
,21U than modem asswnptions 3bout k. The reading pracbing of Scriprun: art V1u] ro the
church's lite_ 1lM: ce:nlral of me ..... ces en.ck.ovor is du, it might in some ,mall war
10 the rtVit.tlt:ation ofmal lifcthrougfl a rencweddiliCOWt'}' oflhe carlicsl readings ofthcchurrh'l
Scripcur ...
..... Gelltl e C .... u. ror ThOle \ho E:rptCI ..... nci.nt Wri te .. . o Conrorm to Mod .. rll
If one begin. b)' asauming U lIormariw for a commentary me typical modem Hpreuion of what a
col1'U1\tnu'1' is and me precmplive l",thfu1nuo of modern critical methods. m. daY" Christian
Hegt'''' an: by definition al"",.. going 10 appear as .bud, q"",int. pn:modcm, hence inadaJua.e,
and in IOfT\C mstanc:u ronuc or even mcan-opinud, P"'Jud,ud, unjust and <>pp<eut""- So .n the
in ....... : ofhermmeutl: faim ..... " is recommended m..: the modem rude: n<r. Imp"'" on ancocn:
Christi:ln atg(.u lotdj' mO<krn iWUmptions abo1.it the valid reading of Saipruu. "In.
ancIen. ChrUtian wriceri consQndr were lo.er 10 become thac hidden
and indttd camounagcd iWumptiom.
This s.tt1U noc _k.o the dd.ue bcrwecn the m.riu of ancinu and modern arge'
sis in urn.ut uamind. Romer;. OttJu m ...,Iy.o pra.:n .m accrpred commenu of me an""n.
"\lcrprtUrswidlalkwdi..,xrio"'alP""'ble..W.willlu""h ... oo:htts ...
100CO' modcm me,hods of aegaU. But "",n mi, conno'! .... donc adcq ..... rc1r wtmom attn
.,...,1)' uamining dlfc .au of ancien. ucgcsi,. And until no'" bibJjc.ol scholari ha..., 001 had eu)
access ... manr0f<heu .exu. This is what this urin; is for.
The purpose of ucgcsis in me pa"illic ptTiod "'as humbly.o _k tht ,O'UIed truth the Srnp
lUteS con",,}', Ohen 11 was nnt ",en offcrul to meo who wcre as yt:! unready 10 put it Into practIce.
In ,hCK rcspcc:u much modem acgau III ennrely different It dou notUSumc tht trum of Srnp.
ru",u...,vclarion.nordocsit5Ubnutpcrsonallrtomcca.tgonc.almoralrequirement oftht revealed
.al: Iha, i. M ukcn " riowlr u divine addrc ... Yn wc 1ft hc", dulinll with patriotic wrire .. who
usumd .ha. readc .. would nOl cvcn approach an demen.ary dioccrnmcn, of mcaning of me
'e'" jf mq' were 1\01 <0 li .... in ICrmI of iu ,,"...,Lotion, i .. 10 practice it in order to hear ;,. as
,,'u recommended IKI often in the dasaJc tradinon.
Thc palristir modd. of ncgaisoftcn do not ronfonn ... modem iWumplions mat
tend .n ruin or .... 1. ou. chains of ocripruraJ reference. Thuc are oncn deme.oncd u deplorable
proof.texting. BUI among .he ancien, Ch..urlan writH' such chains 'of bib!ical...,krc:nct were very
Imporunt in thinkIng about .he ",Xt in relation .0 me whole teStimony of ucrtd Scriprurc b)' me
analogy offaith, rompanng tut wim ,en, on m. prcmiu Jtr'P' ....... a KI"'P'''''' ....
("Scnpruccubco,,,,,pIamcdfrom Scripru,..").
\I/c beg ...,..]us 00' ... fora: me iWumptoo", of fundamentalllm on me:
ancien. Christian wrilCri, who thcmselVelO knc:,,' nomingof what wc: now CllI fundtRlc:ntalism.1t ,$
uncriric.al IOcondudc th.)" w ... I;mpl. fundamentalists;n the modcrnsen ... r..,rio.ic ""rge.1S
"u 00. fundamentali ... b.ccauoe .hc Fame" WCN: not ",acring agains, modcrn narurahstic reduc'
llOIIlIm. TherwerctonSlantl)" protesnnga mcrclylitcr.ol or p!am.sensc..;....,of th.tnt, alv. .. "
lonkingfOr iu opt"'\laI and moral and typological n ..... ncu. Modem fundamenallsm GppO.itel)" 11.
dcferwve response branching 0\1. and awa)" from mod n hi5toriciJm, which looks fa. morc like
modem hiorici.m than ancient typological reasoning. Ironically, m;, makes both liberal and fun
damcntalis, ucgai. much more Iikt each oth than cime. arc like me ancien, Chri.,WI ercga ...
b.ccauoe mn' Doch .end to appoc:.aI to .anonallltic and historicis: auumprioru rwcd 10 me forefron:
br m. Enhgi"cnm.nl.
Si nce m. pnnciplc pt"'''L1s in ancien! Christian urgesu ma: e.och un " iIlununcd b)' omcr
'U" and b)" me whol. of the history of revelation, we find III paln";c cOmmenU on a go;""" le,,:
many othtr $ublertS i'lU:rwoven in order to mumine thal text. '#hen ancitn. atgesis wuves many
ScriptUra together. it does not limil iu fOcus ro a single la. U mum modem exegesis prefer.. bUI
consuntly rdares it ro other rexu by analogy. imensivdy using typological reasoning as did rhe.-ab-
binictndition.
The ato:empr 10 read the New Testamenl while ruling oUI all theological and mor.>l. 10 say noth
ing of w:lesiutical, ",cramenlal and dogmatic assumptions thar haY<': pmailed generally in the
community of faith that wro.e i seetru to many who participate in that communil), .ocby VU}
Ihin enrerpri5f: indm. '#hen we Iry 10 make 5f:nse of Ihe New Testament while rulingOUllhe plou
sibiliry of the incarna.ion and resurnrnon, the effort appears arrogant and di.torted. One who len
delllious!y re..uone page ofpatri.tic extgesi gups and TOSSes iT away b<caus.e il does nOt confonn
.deq""Iely 10 the CanOn. of modem extgesis and hisroricist commenla')' i, surely no model of crili-
calefl"ort.
On Mi.ogyny and Anti-Semiti&m
Th. questions of .nti-Semirism and misogyny require circunupecr commenr. The patriic ,,"';ttU
.re pem:ived by SOme to b< incurably anli-Semitic or misogynous or both. I would like to briefly
ato:empt. cautious apologia for the ancient Chri5lian wrilero.leaving details to others more deliber_
.Ie dfurtS. I know how ha:amous this is, especially when done briefl). But it hu become .uch a
srumbling block 10 SOme of oUr readers that iT prevenu them even /Tom ~ 5 t e n i n g to the ancient ecu-
menical teachers_ The issue deserves some reframing and careful argumentarion
Although these are challengeable assumptions. and highly oonrroY<':rted. i, i. my view Ihat mod
orn racial anti _Semitism ,,-as nO' in the minds of the .ncient Chri.tian writers. Their argumenu
were nOt framed in regard tothe h.tred of ..... ce.bu. rather the place of the elect people of God. the
jews. in the hi.tory of the divine-human covetan. tha, is fulfilled in.Jesus Chri". Parri,ric a..-gu.
menU may have had the uninrended efi"r of b<ing unfair to women according 10 modem 'Ian
d..ards. bu, their inlenrion was 10 understand Ihe roIeof women according IGapo$101ic teaching
This does nGt solve all of the tangled moral question. regarding the roles ofChri,,;aru; in ,he hi .
tories of anliSemiti.m and misogynr. which require continuing fair-minded "udr and clarification.
Whether John Chrywilom or Jusrin Martyr were anti Semitic depends on wht,htr the unn Qn';
&m'lo. has a racial or religious-rypological definition. In my vie,,'. the p.rr"ric re:ns ,h., appear 10
modem readers TO b< anri-Semilic in mGSI cases have a typological rmUll" and are based on a 'p<".
cificapproachrothei nterpreUltionofScripru...,-theanalogyoffai,h_whichassesseseachp.rtic-
ular toxl In ,daliGn to the whole trend of th. hi$lory of revdalion and which ,iew, the difl"t...,nce
betweenJe,,andGentileunder chti .. ological .... umption.andnotmerely ... marr .. ofgenericsot
:OY<':n in thei,. harsh .. , .mccuu, agains' Judai:ing threaa to th. go.pel. tht) did not con,id.,.
as racially or gcnttocallr ,nfenor pcopIe.:as modem ann'Stmires are prone ro do, in meir
comm", .. on PaW', srnCtUrc$ agalns. won",n ruming, ther little or no aNmUl against dw:
kmale gender auum, but rather aalttd..-omen u"thcglory of mm:
Compa..., me ",riring. of Rosemary Radfo<d Ruethe. and David C. Ford" on .h"", P."l,,",zinS
i.lues, Ruether <lcadil)' '!'Pliu modem criteria of ju.ltke to judge the inadc'luadu o( the ancien.
ChrUria" wri.en, Ford IIkI .o undemand the ancient ChrU,ian writen empathic.:allr from within
their Own hisrorical :assUmptlOlU, limitations. ocriprural in[(rprt .... rions and deeper in[CnriOl\$.
\VhUeboth trellrncnu= iIIu"unadng. Ford',rrca.mcn.romcsdo.crma
ofpa.ruricinrmt.
A No.con Pd.giu.
The JOkerion do not rule ou, POU$.OS" from PdagiUl', commentari .. at thOK poin" .t
which .hey provide good uege.is, Thi. requires spcci.aJ aplanation, i( we ..., to hold fast.o our crI '
tcnonofcons<:ouua!i,y,
n.c htera!'}' corpus of Priapus remaIns highly COf\'roYffttd. Though Pdagous "'15 by general
""""n. dw: arch-here ... of the early fifth ttnN!'}', PdaglUl'1 edited commentaries.;u wc now
them worlr.!:d <wer b)' Ia,er orrhodor ",ri.el'$, wcre rad and preserved for fuN .. gen'
.... tlOIU under omer namCi-So Prlag;us prurnu US with a tarual dilemma.
U,,{iI1934 III wc had "u I corrupted tom of hi I Paulon. commen.arr and fragmenn '1unted
Augustine, Since then hi. works ba"" been much ,rudied and d.baied, and we now !rn,",: tbl! ,he
Vd'gWl corpus has been SO .... rped b)' a hiJrory oflar rcdactol"l mat we might be mp,ed not to
quote it at all, BUI i. doeJ ...,main a SIgnificant sou",e of fifth-cenrury comment on Paul, So...., can
not wnpl)' ignore it. Mr "'ggallOll" .!ut me reader is ,,'ell advistd not to the fiIm-cenrun'
PrlaglllS too e:asilr with later Standard nel'eOt)'peIi of me archheres)' of I'elagianism. "
It has.o b< ...,membcrcd .hat The ta. ofPclagiw on Paul alwc nOOl' ha"" it " '15 plUervcd In m.
COrpUI and probabl)' reworked in me sixm crnturr by eith.r Primaliu! or Cusiod.orw Or
bo.h. The commentaries wer. repea,edly recycled .nd rcdacte&, SO what we have today m'r b.
regude&alCCllliOnan,wim much S[lndard Ia.er parrosllc thought andacgesis,aduding.ofcou rse.
,har whim is ectunenicall), cc",urcd aI "Pclagianism:
1'w:lagiw" original.a.w ..
unuceptional, "en if "" n .k,K't PO"''' of disagrttment WIth Augustine.
__
r--. (Nn\"""s.-onoIsa-.... 191')'I)..;dC '-!
Mm...!\\I ...... " mu.. f.at\r Ch.n<fljllwMollV ...... .. St-Jont>a.rr-... ISo. Canun.P-n.' s.. ToiUoon, OnboOo:<Tr, .",

... Pll'IMt, __ l lgl"S7tl.
We may been ill-advised 10 qUOlC mis matcrW ,.."Pda&1\1.1".and perh.ap$ m;gtn quoted it
,.."PKudo-Pclagiw" or"Anonymow;:bul here we follow colllempo .... ry p .... ctl(t.
Whu .0 E .. ptct from Ihe inlroclllctionl , Ovc .... ie .... ancl lhe Duign of .he Commt nu '1'
In writing me irnroduction for .. p.artia>br voIurm. me ooIume td.i.o< r;ypic:aUy ducwaa me opin.
"'" of me Famen rtgarding ' "<honhip of !be ten,!be importanee of!be biblical book for
in.erprelen, che avaihbilil)' Or pallritr of " .. ri5';c commen".an), 5.IIien, poinu of debate bawtcn
che Famen. and an)' partiaW.r dwlengcs involved in editing mal volume. The ,ntrodu,
.ion afford< me opponuniry m frune the en.ire commentary ,n a manner chat ",ill help the general
ruder undenund the 11.1"'''' and Iigni6anot of "misric comment on ch. biblical IcxU under con
,idcraoon, and m IM:Ip ruden find their bunngs .and IlK cm commenwy in an tnformcd .. "" .
The purp<>K is rogive rudena brief glimp" Inmm. cumulatiw argument of the
pericope, identifying iu major con.tibu,o .... This i. a .:!.5lof .ummari:.ing. W. here...d.: m
render a ", ... icc m rcadc:rs by It.ating thcgill ofpatristi,argumtnt on a M:ries of ... rKS. ldca lly thc
ovcrviewahould.!'1ld; a reasonably cobc:,..i ... thread of argument among palriSlic commenU on the
pericopt. even though tM)' are derived from divtnt $OUrca.and "m", n.. dtSign of m. .,.....,,;e ..
ma), ,'at)' 1OInt'IIo'Iu., from voIumt m volume of this oeM. depending on the: requlrementi of cm
.pccific book of Scripture.
The purpo .. of the sdernon "'".!i"Kio to introduce rudtcs quickly in.o the subject mallet of that
"Iu.;on.ln this ..... )' readers an quickly gnip what is coming bt gUncing over the head,ng. and
.,..trvie ..
the:.ub)cct of the heading. ... rsc:s ma), be Jinktd wgIM:r forcommcnt.
Smcc biographical mformation on each ancient Christian .... is 111 abundant Alpply In "Inous
gencralreftn:ru:e WO"". dictionaries and encyclopedias. the ACCS has no ruson.o duplicate mese
.A'oru. Bu, we have provided;n each volume a.imple chronologicalli" of thost quoted in chat vol
um., and.an alphabetical .. t ofbiognphic:al sketches with minimal (cdesi.o.stical,juril(!,,,,iona/ and
placeidc:nrificarions..
Each puuge ofScnprure presenu iu own distinctlC1 of proble .... concerning Ioorh .. kerion and
eranw,uon. The sheet quanei')' of . urua.I nurerial.s tha. h,.. been searched our, :aJ$.C ... d and
revi ..... edvlrieswidclrfrombookrobook.Thtrearealsowidtvaria,;oruin th.d.pthofparri"i'
iru.ighr into I ... U, the rompkxiry of rolturally wIped a1huioRl and ,he modern rcl.,,,,n<t of the
ma'triW examined.. I. h,.. been .. challenge 10 each volume edtlOf to draw togcchcr and dcveiop.
rusonabI)' leC!uena of u:xnW 'n.erpr ...... tioru from all of mis dJvcrsi<),
The foomOtCS In.end '0 1.$iU, "",dc:" w"h obocuri, ... .and p"'enual ronfusiolU. In me anno ...
tiON ha ... identified 1II1n)' of me Scrip",re all\l.l;oru and h"toricalref.rences embedded wirn;n
thcrexu..
aim of our i. to hdp rude .. move easily from tut to ter! through a deliberate cdito
rial linking procus mat is Sttn in the overvif:ws. hc.ad.ings and anno .... tions. We ha...., limited the
footnotCl to roughly Icu than a orw: tn Im ratio to the parrisrictcxta themselves. Abbrevi.mons an
uW in the foomoteS. and aliJI ofabbrcvi.arionsis includcdin uch volume. Wc found thu thelalk
of editor;a1linbgc nud not be rorc.,d ;nloa single pattern fur all biblical booIuo but mwt N molded
10)' mal particular book.
The COmplcmul ..... ;'y of In ... d;,dplinary Ruca. ch Mc.ho.u in Thi. Invutigation
The ACes i, intrinsically an interdi.dplinary .e"arch cndcavor. I. conjo;nd)' employ. "vera!
but ,n.erui.:ucd memods of ruurch. ea.ch of which is a dts.tnC't field of inquiry in iu 0WtI
nght. Pnnop.al among mHC mctbot;b arc the follOWing:
T<SII"tl ",1101",. No literarure 15 CVCl' transmItted by handwritten without the risk
of sontC '_ri:ttions ;n the teXt creeping in. Because we are working with andent tau. frequcndr
recoptcd. we are obUgcd 10 employ all met:hods of;nqulryappropnatcrothe.....dj ofancicnt . uu..
To that cnd. we ha"" depended havilr on me most ..,Iiablc 'UHtiticaI scholarship employed In
both bibliul Ind patri .. k lrudiu. Thc work of '''''Iual cririQ in thcae fields has been invaluable in
pl'OViding US with dw: mO$l aumori .... tiw and ",liable of tens currcnd) a,.ilable
Wc have gralcfuli)' the ateNi"" cntieal arWyscs used In CTcating the Thesaurus Ltnguat
Inrespcct.oth.bibitcalluu.ourdaubasercscarchersandvolumcedilOrsha""oftenbttniaccd
w;m me challenge of COIUldering whil:h ,.rUne. w;min the biblical.at i,"1f an usumcd in a pat.
llcular5dnon.hisnotah._YS5CIf-1'riden.wbichtraJUlariortorJwrrunaofmeb.blicalta."bcmg
10). me anclenl commenlalOr. Wc have . upplied explana.ory footnol ... in somc ClOCS
thc" .... iow ,""tual challenga ma)' ra.i5C potential coru:crru for rwers.

ccotWXIIICandpoliticalromauofthesdcctiorutakcnfromthescancicnttcxts. Th"undersundingio
,,",ell vil2l to the pro<UI of discerrung wha, a given comment mun. or in,ends and which comments
are m061 appropri.:ttt 10 the biblical pu.sage ar hand. Howtver. OUr I'I'IWion is not primarilr lodisnw

socW Iocaoon of <he ttXt or the philolog!c:al hisroryof pamcularwordlorin theJOciculconscqumcu
of me leX . interesting or rhesc mal' be. Some of these queslions. however. Cln be
trea.od bricfi,' In the: IOotnottJ whcrcvcr the: volume ahtors deem 1\CCaIar}'
Tnougn ........ mo<iu: co.uernu.ltz.a.ion of pa.n.,,, .errs is a, nma and required.OUt pur.
post .. not . 0 a oetailcd soelalhis.orlcal of each patn.,ic [Ut. That would
rcqui",voIumes,en,;mcsthlSsizc.We\rnov.thc",areccrtainluuma.necdonlrsligh.con.cxru
ai::.;otlOl'L. omcrs ma, f'!",rc a r"a, <ita! mon:o Mean ... .j,i1e. omCl"atS stand on mei ...... n usil)'
and briUland).1n some casu apboriltiQ1l). withOUt n<i of rontanJ.ali;.1clon.. l'heu
a"" the tau .... ha"" most oougnt to i<knrify and We an: )eut interutcd in thoN: tau th.:It
oo.,;otu!y a lot of convoluted crpbnation for a modern audience. pmcu!ari)'
inclined to rule Out thou blatantly off .... i .... au antiSemiric. morally
inglr chauvininicj and tho,", that are intrinsically ambiguow or .hO# that would SImpl)'!)( sel(.
eridtntlyalienatingtothemodernll.ldW:nce.

ACCS.rbt cmpIwir. on tboughtNJ bibIic:aI tcrI is primuy.l'hc inunnon of
....

... Iy dcrnythologizcd. ucpric modem interpretation of the ancient commcntalOn. On act.
Scripturco [Ut but ro allow their commentS ro speak for from within thtir own won.w;'w.
In thi. scricl the term cu:au is w.ed ITIOf'1' often in;ts dwic than in in modemsCI .... ln ludu
JJC sense, atpis includes cfforu to aplain, intcrpm and comment on a .a,. its meming. IU
1OUrtU. iu conntions with other ta;rs.i, implies a cIoM: ruding of the 'U'I, wing wha.e""" I",
gulW" hiJmrical.litcnty or thcologicalruouKcS a, ... ilable 10 explain the .e:n. lE """muted
wim tIStfI'.Iu. whldl impliu th.:It the has impo-! his or Mt own pel$On.al OP"'H)Il$ Ot
H5umptionsonthetcxt.
The I"-rris';' wri ..... ac.i':c1y praniccd iMlr .. tcxtuaJ exegesis. which seek. to dd'nc and idcmifr
the exact wording of .a . its grammatical stT\lcturo and the IntcroonnC<'tc<lnus o( 1<1 pam..
They Wo ptacticI =textualacgesis. oeeking to the geogt2phicaJ. historocal or C'Ulrural
con.c:rt in wtoich the text "'as wnnen. Mos' intpon2llt .my aJso vny .... U'PrKnccd In """,.
tcxtlLl! CXtgeslS, seeking to discern the maning of a ten by comparing" with other tau.
H .............. o<.s. We an: ancnti"" to the ""')'I in witich m. ancien, Ch ... "an ",",en
ducribl cMir own interproting pl'OCU$otS. ThiJ hermcneuric selfanalys" .. csped"Ur neh In
of Origen. Tcrtulli.n.Jeromt. Augusrine and Vinctnt of Urin&." Although most of (lUe
1'olumt edi,ors arc thoroughlJ' f.miliar with contemporary critical d.isc .... iotu of and
lirerary methods. i. is not m. purpose of ACes ro . ngag<' thuc issues con
tcmed to displar and rcvc.al ..... riow hermcn.uric auumprions t:ha: ,nfonn patrUlK
of Scripture. chiefly 1' !cuing the ","un opeok in their own tnmL
H",,,i)ttiu. One of the pracrical soW of the Aces is tM mle,,-al of contempora., on
m. ligh. of wis.dom. of anc;"nt Christian prudting. With thIS go.aI in mind. many o( th. mOS:
t"=nch.nl .nd ilIuminaring commcnu included arc selected not from forma! romme,,:ane> bu'
"o.<_"'choo __ "''''''....,..... ... '''''''*'I''' .... __ .. '''''ACCSwtm''' .. .... ACCS
... ....... G-Io ...... (o--nc;-.III.o ...... \....,
Gl>IU" I'"
from the homilies of the ancic:nt Christian writerl. It comes ill no IUrpriSC that the mOIt mIOWned
among these early prad>en ww: a40 thot moo. act:iwly mvgal in me task of preaching.
prototypical Fa!htrs who aff mon utule al deicnbinll !htiT own homiletic usumptiolU and meth
00... art. GTegory the Great, Leo the Great. Augustine. Cyril of )erusaJem.John ChryJG&tom, Pcter
ChrysologusandCaeu;riuaofArla"
"'",,, ... &1 "'"'. Another intmady pn.mal goal of the ACes is to.-mew OUr ruden' '''"lrm"" of
the ancient t",dition of J>U.oral care and ministry to perso .... Among the leading Fath.rt who excel

John Chrysos.orn. Augustin . and Grtgor}' the Great.. Our editors hue presen.ed this monummal
pas.oraI wisdom In I guildcu war thar i, no. inunda.ed by the pr.m;"" of tont.mporarr psrch<>.
"'crap). lOcioIog) andnatun.li'licrod .. ctioniam.
T"","",,,,,, tlotory. Each \IOI .. mt. is compoiod of dirt quotlOOOU in dynamic oqui,.um. English
t",ouI'Oon of anCIent Ch..uti.an write ... I",ndated. from the originallangulge in iu belt received
.crI. The adcq .. acy of a given a[tempt al translation is al"",l" The task of I",oulation
;..ntnlUic.allydcb.atabk..W.ha"" ..... ghtdynamic.quivalcncy" withoutlaps.ingin ... panphrue.
and. b.crary .ranslatiOll without lapsing in.o wooden li.eralism. W. have rri.d ron,ist.nd), 10
makc:ac,cuihl.,o,onrcmporaryrcadcnthcvitalnwonc .. andcnergiesofthc languagesof anliq.
wt)". Whm .. ..". pouible .... have opted for metaphors and l11li that:on: normalJr wed b)' commu,
n,ca.Ortt todar
\\llu, Have W. Achin.d!
We h,,'c desIgned the first fullsale earl)' Chrilt1an commentary on Scripturt. in the last five hun
dred yean. An)' future a"cmpu a. ,Chr,,,ian Talmud or p,tr"ric commentary on Scrip.u,.., will
tirl>crfoUowmuchofourdcsignoTatanclinaomc:.;gnif"t.cantlUf'O'UCtoit.
W. h,,,,, sucuu/Ull)' brought together a distinguished international nClWOr-K of Protestant,
Catholic and Orthodox scholars. dirors and.ranslarors ofthc h.ighes< q..witj' and reputltlon.o

... __ "'"-'chIr-u.l .... ..,.Ear-".NiGa.
1IriIl1_) .... Eooro .. A.Sid&...,jJooo"' W ..... _O"'I-r...- .. .. .w.T-'-'J(NaohriIio.
.. __ ......,..oood......-lr .... _" .......... __ "'_ ...... "'-........ .....,.
.....,.......,,....,.. __ EopMo ... _" __ k_"' ... _ .... _ ,_-' _ _ ._.
......... .. ""'.....,.. __ .... .-n'''tNoripIoJ''''''.:
--r.mn ... _"""" .. ........ oL""' ......... .... _ ... """"'f" ...
.. Enfbdo .. ...... ........
.. .......... __ .fudthoI_" ........... .-I ............... " .. .....,...L_-r_._.
__ .... ____ I""'-.'"-'_ .... n..NI< .. __
..,.,..,..;...-._,.......... .... _,.-_ ..... .". ........... -..." .............. Noo ..... ""' ....... .a.....
.......... -r . ........ hopo" .... _ ... _.,......u,-rioW..,. .... tI-r"
.... 'hichconsti
tut .. an amumg _'" and a distinct new ecummiaJ realny in iuelf. ku jointly brought inro for
mulanon the buic pattern and direction of the pro:jtct, gndtWi)' amending and correcting it as
needed. We havc provided an inlOrdis.riplinaryexpc:r;mc:ntal re..,arch model for the integt;lt ion or
digitalKaTChttchniqu .... withthesrudrofthehi.toryofexcpis..
At thIS nmc:of writing. W't-are appl'O%ima.e1y half .... ay through !he a.rnu.l producuon of me K .....
and about hiliwa), through the time frame of the pn:;tct, having dewLoped the design . a a po.nt
where It is nOt likel), .achang. , ignificancl). We have made timedated rontracU wim all valumeedi
ton for m. remainder of the yolum<:$. We are thw well on our "")' """"rd bnnglnj; the English
ACes to compienan. We ha .., entnded and enhanad our inrenunonal ncrwon.. m a pomt wt.ore
we are 00'" poiled to proceed into modem nonEnglish Language vcn.OIU of ACCS. W. alreod)'
havc ill2Ugurat,d edi.iolU in Span;';'. Chin.sc. Arabic. RIlIS;an and Italtan, and are prep"ring for
tdiuon'ln Arabic and German, with scvcral more languages under roowd'r1tion.
We hay. recciyec! thefu!l cooper1rionandlupportofDrev.Uruven,c,' u academIC spo ....... of
m. projcct-a dminguished universic,' that h.:ts a umar\cabl. runrd of supporting major in"rN'
tiorul publication projccu that ha""remaincd in print for long pc:riods of time, in many Casei O>'t r
onehundred )'Un. The mWt widdr used Bibl, concordance and biblical wordrehrcntt .Y' ...... In
thcW<Hi.d..oo...J'"""romposedbyDr-ewprof"essorjameaStl"OOg.It"""the"",}'roomonoccupiftl
D), PrnfessorS.rong.wh.rcclicconcoro...ncercK.arch "'asdonc in the IS80.. mat for manr yca n
" .. as my affi<:e ar Ort,, and coincidentally the placcwnere misoerics .... uconccwed. Today.'i.r....., .
&haul" .. Umc",""",crf doe 8iWt rest$oo the shel .... of 0\0$' paoror1llibr.!rits in the EngIUh-opuk
mg world oy.r a hundred ycanlf"ter iu fint publication. Simibrlr the Nt-v,' )i>rl: r,,,,ts'. Amo
has hpr in prin' the major multivolume Du,,' University work of John M'ClinlOck and jamea
Scrong. ... Thenujortdi .. onofO'risri.anclassiainO'inesc ... as
done al Ore ... ' Uni,..,rsic,' fin, years ago and is .till in prin ... Drew Univcniry' has wppUcd mud> of
the leadership. 'pac., libr1!"}" won.study auistancc and "rvie .. that ha .... enabled th..., dUr1bl
mcrNtionalKholarl),projccumbcund.rtaUn.
Our .dflCN bcnefacwn tu..., prcfCrrl m remain ilIlOI>ym<Ml$- Thq ha .... been weIlinformed .
rove parmen.n ,u conccptuali:ation and dc:...,lopment, and unflagg1Rg advoc.o.res and
.n the support of thi.length)' and eo;sdr effort. The Kria h ... hn bleucd br &lead)' and generow
.uppor.. andaccomp"nied bJ'1Rnumerablegifuofprovid.ncc.
TnomasC.oaen
Henry An""" Ihot!: PmfelSOr ofTh.olog). Dr .... Uni .... rsiry,
General Ecinor, ACes
A GUIDE TO U S ING THI S COMMENTAR.Y
$eYe"! fu[Uru havc bttn incorpor.ot! jnh) me design of mis commentary. The following corn
rrltntlareintclKkdto;tUistl"UdcrsinmUingNlluseofmilWliumc..
Pericopu ofScri p.".c
Thel<:np[Ur.>l.""'h ...
Each of mc.sc pmcopa is pen a heading. ..mid! appcan at me btginning of me ptrirope. For
cumple. the first pcrioopc in me commentary on Genesi. io'I:1 The Beginning of Crcarion: Tn ...
he>ding u fOllowed by me Scripru,.., passage quoted in me Revised S"",dard Version (RSV) ""mu
the NIl width of the ","gc.. The Scriptun: puoage is prorided for the COIl",nima: of TUdcn. but ,t U
also in hepmg wim medic,,,", p .. ri.ric commentaries, in which the citalio", of the Fathers wc,..,
arranged around the ten of Scripture..
FoUOWlng each of text i.J In overv,ew of the patn"i, commentS on that The for.
mat ofd"s ovcrview varies W1min m.: WliumeoofmisKoo,depcn.dingon
spilk book of Scriprurc.. The funcrion of me ovcrview is to provide a brief summar}' of all me
commentS 10 roUo .... It rrad<S a rclSOrulbl)' oohcli", thread of argument among patriotic commentS.
evcn though they a,..,duivcd fromdiw:nclOUn:aand generaI10"'. Th", thc.umm.oorieldo nO! p<"O'
<red chronoJogicallr or by verse SC</"cnce. Rather mey seck to ",hearse ""cralJ courK of ,he
plttistic CornmCU on mat
Wc do not ;tUume that the commentaton thcmsc:l"" anticipated or upruscd I fonnalj,
rerYcd cohes,ve argument but rather mat rhe "ano", argumen .. tend to flow in I plausible. rec,,'
n,:abk lltrem. Modem rudcn an rh", giimpse: aspuu of continuity in the flow of dwcnc:
Icaltnditi ...... rcpresc:nting.-anowgcnerationsandgeograpllicallocarions..
Topical Hudings
An abundanccof .. anod lltrunc comment is "'ailable foruch of meu l=e,," For ,illS rea
son .... brol<en tilo pcricopci Into two leveu.. Firlt i, me vC1"SC wim itS topical Tn.
pa," ... ' comm(nU lre m(1l i'ocusc:d on upccu of each VCf1.C. wim t"PICaI headings
thr c...,nce of me patruti: comment br evoI<in, a ktj' pnruc. metaphor or idu. TIt " f"'nm: pm.
vides a bridgco by which m...urn can into me heart of me patrinic comment.
Identifying t he Patri n i. Tun
Following the lopical heading of each section of comment, the name of the patristic COmmentator is
given. An English <tarulation of ,he pa,ri .. ic commem i. then provided. This is immediately fol
lowcdbythe titleofthepatrisri<workandthe,utualrefercnce-eitherbybook.5cction and sub
$<Ccrionorbybookandversc:rcferellces
Th.Foo,nolu
Readers who wish.o pursue a dee""r invesligation of Ihe Jtri.ti. work.. ciled in mi. commentary'
will find the: footnotes esJ>""i.:lIly valuable. A footllote number dirccu me reader 10 Ih. notes al the
bottom of the righl.hand column. where in addirion ID other notations (darificotion. or biblical
CIDSS refcrcnces) one will find information on Englishtr:mslaliom (wherea,.,.;]able) and standard
originaJ]anguagco editions of the work cited. An abbreviatedcita,ion (normaJlydrin gthebook.vol
ume and page number) of ,he won: i. pIDvided except in ascs where a linebyline commemary is
beingquoled.in which case thc biblical rererences will lead. directly ID Ihe..,lcction.A ke)'to the

in mc..,leaion, we have tried to reOect thebes,a"ailable lenua.l ttadition.
For the convcnience of computer datain.se users the digital database rcfertnceo a ... pl"tWided t 0
either the Thesaurus Lingua Gtaeae (Greek lexu) 01" 10 me Cel.dO(" (Latin texts) in the appendix
foundonpagesln.s2.
A BBR I! V I AT I O NS
Anocnt Q,.,.1lMI Writ .., n... Work. of rh< Fotl>on.., T....w.,,"". Mahwlh. N.J., Paul",
PraJ..1946.
W.HoImu.2ndtd.

0 ..... od. n. AK .... aI H....a....,s-. r.- .... S:rr- B<.< ..... Muo.: HoIr Tmufigu
n.-Mo.\Utn).l984.
". Rob.ru ondJ. OonaIcIoon ....... "nt.Nicenc: Fathon. 10 ....... s..fialo. N.Y" Chruuan u..
I88S1896. R.epnn,. Grand R>fl1do. Mich.: Eet-dm ..... 19S11956. R'mn,.I'.,.bo.:I)"
M ..... : H.nd<KUon. 1994.
St."rhanuow..
vmo:"l"lIomaJNeloon.19711.
CCl Corpus La,,,,,,. T .. ,,,,,,,,, .. Belgrwn: Brtpoh. 19S3.
CSCO CorpusS<np'''''-'m Or .. " ... """,m On.nUlLum. Loul">rn.lklgium. 1903.
CorpusS<nI"ONmE.r::duluriconimLa"""",m.Vienna,I8iJ6...
J. A. " ... ma", d. Sa"", P."" Noun f ........... SJr' o,.m. Om.". Rome, 1717.
Fath< .. of th< Chum.: " Ne .. TranslatlOfl. Wul"""","," o.e: Catholic Un,vus''Y of "meT'
oaPra:..1947 ..
F.W.Nonu.iio .... c.....F.!l" .....

Hadw.g. HOm., . ...!.G..,.,n,Ny! .... .... Lewkn:E.J.BriII. 1972.
Bed< the V eneroI:>k.;;.,.,;u.. ... riltGospth. Trarula,tdt,'L T. Ma"mand D.Hu ..... 2...,u.
KaL.mawo.Mich.:O ... rcianPublICa,,,,,, . l990.
Ephran th< Spun. Hyww .. "-oiu<.. TnnsIa<od 1' S. Bmdr.. c.u .... "<>O<!. N.\"" SI.
\'WUm,,.s.mln.aryPrul..l990.
HQ(; }<rom J;./orno Qw>t-.. .. c........ T ransla .. d ....,th "".....ducoon and cocnm.nW) 1' c. T. R.
H.,.... .. ni.OdOO:I:Chr<:ndonPrul..I99S.
)CC John (:auW,. c-}n<to< ... T=uIa ...! by Cclm I.I"Ibhe;d. a.......a of W .... m Sp,rnua/.t) ..
Mah-.."2i:..N.J.:P:ow...Pruo.I98S.
JMO JuI"nM.rryr.Op< .... Edi .. dbjJ.C. TO"cr.3 ........ ./ena:M.u418421s.tS.
al. ....... r ... Ubn.ry oECh.,.".n a......a. 2ti...u. W"'''''ru'".
l.oHo CluoacaILibn:r Cami:>ndgr. Ma....: Ha .... \'m.o.; Londot:,

LQAH W. W. Harvq. ed. s-n m-; quu,; Loop ...... u.... ............ H...ma. 2 voIs.
Cambridgc:AadarUcPtu,18S7.
I'.S<halI"""al . Sdca Libnryofth.NlnundPOft Nlnt Fa .... t"$ of .... Ch .... ,w.
Church. 2 .. nos (14 vola. eKb). Buffalo. N.Y.: Christi.on L".ro ........ ]887 ]894: Rc-pnn
Grand Rapids. MidI.: E.erdmano. ]952 ]956; Repn'". Pubocly.Mau..: Hmdnduon.

GIouceau: Muo..:Pet.rSmith.l97l .
OSW Wrih"t'- Translawl by Rowan A. Gtur. o-.a olWcstC'" Spin," ... hry: A
Libnzy ol d.. Gt-a. Spin<u&l Muu:rs. MMwrah. 1'aWut. 1979.
j.P.MlJMoed.P:ou-ologUGnta..l66vo1s.Par",M'g.I8S7. 1886.
I'L j..P.Migne.ed.p.uclos" Lo.nna.lllvoi<.I'an.:Mign.,I844 1!16<1.
PLSupp. ed. P:o.roIogia L.o.. ..... Suppkmt .......... S ....u..!'uu: E.d. ....... Ga ....... mra.
Pooudc..Maam.... n.. Fif'1 Spinlur H"",,1 ... ..,.j tht G ... , WUT. and e<!,te<! br
G><g< A. Molonoy. S.j.CluoiaolWatem Spirlnuliry. N< .. \'0<1<: P:oulut. 1992.-
R.Graffin.ed.hu-ologUSyriaa. J ...... PatU.:Firm"'Dido<etJOCii,]894-1926.
PSD .. , .
mSplritualJq, Mah .... ah. N.J.: P....L ... 1987.
QO ..
Sxn.zIbdiIloo.I979.
H. tkI.uNt<.J.Danl<lou .. al .. .. ChrOrienn ... l'an.l:E.ditlOruduC.rf.19ol1.
SymeQll .... New n.....&opn. n.. o..-r.a. Translawl by Cj. DeC..t.a ..... ro. aa....c. of
Watem Spmtualltr: A Lixur of d.. Gra: SpinnuI t.taoun..l>Wnnh. N:J..: Paul ..... 1980.
"The tomplete tm eompiledby SI. Nikodimoo ofrk, Ho/)' MountaIn""" St.
MV:.arioo of Corinth. Tranil ... d and ,diwl by G. E. H. Palm.r.l'lliUp Sh.errard and Ka/.lisros
Watt.4vo1.a.London: Fobe.&: Fabe 1979]99S.
I N TRODUC T I ON TO GIlNIlS J S J - U
The urly chap.en of Gmcsu had arguabI)' agnate. ;nfll,l(llu on the devdopmell' of ChrU.iu> me
ology dun did :lfI)' oIher fW"' of the OIdTt$<=Ient.ln m_ early ch:opccn the Fathcn MVfc 5C'I <>Ill
the fulldamenw ranernsofChrisnan lheologr. Here mere w affirmed m.. dOCTrinc of CTc<Ilion, III
a<rordance .... i.h .... hich me eruled orOer had bcen brought into bcing from nothingbyGod' . Wo.d
aI oomedung "a.:ttdmgly good. (Gen 1:31 ). Onc of me most popular genres of KripruraJ commen
Plry among the Fame" ""'" commentary on me I'" days of elUtion. Ifw: Hcucmeron. 1boK 1'
Buil the Great and AmbroK arc ""map' the mo" famous. Although Augusl ine gave mi . tide 10
none o(h(, booIu., he mu.ned a.1QlI five rimes In up<irion of me fir,.. chapter of Genesi. and
mre<: rimes carried his beyond dw: fim chapcc. (T .... BooIo:l ... Gmnu tM MQn-
"'-' ....
The Famen also found in Genes'J the doctrine of humankind [lUted "according 10 rn. image and
lhncs.<ofGod."lnadd.tion,thcy foundth=dw:doctrineoflfw:&lIandthc\)(ginningof&llen
human 1OClU)', aI wdIas hints and gueua about me eventual O'CT"COming of the &lien conch-
nonrnroughthcil>Cam<lrion.il>en:foUowsanacooumofthcestablishmcntofthchurnanrauou[lide
.hc"p.araWKof dcligl .. :me constant Itrugglc fOl" . urvi,...t in a naru.ral now unfricn.dlJ' or

Cain's munkr of his bro<hcr Abd. but also thcdiKovcry of musk (Gcn 4:21) and metal toOl. (Gcn
4:22). That fint attanpt to find a " .. y of lift outside parad.ise IIOOn foundcred in me proIif ...... ion of
.... ickcdncu by humankind, which ...... wept a"",y by the flood, Noah and his family >.lone survivins.
wgcdw:. with reprtsmUII ..... of the whok anirnal Iungdom. Sudl ...t.oIc:$>.Ic pwUshrnem of hunun
wickedna. ... as not,how.:u, to be thc rult.and thc rainbov.. bcamethe sign and pLedge ofGod',_
enan[ with humankind. made with Noah (me Noachkcoyonan,. Gen
After lhe flood, Noah and his dtsCe,.,\an[l btgan on again 10 csub\i$h a wa)' of He in lhe fall.n
world. No..h bccam.c" farmer and planlW a (Gcn His first upmments WIth .... n.
m.olung, howeVI'T,we", unl"orrunatc: h. succumbed rodrunk.nf\Cl,Sandendcd up " . etched OUI ,n
his tent with hi' clothes in diumI).ln thi' phase ofhuman development. citic, began to be estab
lished.: Sabylon and Nm ... eh an mentioned (Gm 10:10-11), Bul il became :opparcn: tha, human
lIII>damr manif..s: in ti>o building up of otd.rtd human communirios, IUch as ci';"". could ;,...
d>rted 11\ pride agaJl\st God and hi, purposc.s for humankind. and al the [owe. ofBabcl (or con
fusion: as the Scptu.aglm has it) human soIidaritr was broken by lhe confusion of longues. the c ...
ation ofdiffCf'C'"languages.
Ir wa$ in rhil divided work! thar Ab",m wuoom among the ChaJdcaru.. Sep-
ruagint nor the Latin Vulpre rccogniud Ur ua place name:: u.. Grttk rnns.Lara" as"place: Je.-
ome We. it to mean "fin" and. in a lcamtd note. connccu it with the won.lllp of the: ancient
GeneJU 11 ends with Abnham leaving the Chaldean. and ",rding in Ha .... n in
Mcsopoto.mU. wh....., he rtaiYCd God', eaU (0 joumcy "ill further and become the father of a ra.
... riuch" ofthcKYeW>OIl
of the God of Abnham and iAac and Jacob. of the caJ]ing of the people of ls",d and the whole IIOry
of rhe Old TeJ.ament. in which emetge5. so Chri ian. with the Fn""rs believe. me hO!'" for
.he coming Mcui2h. a hop<: fuUilltd in the incam.a,ion of u.. Son of God uJc:$u$ olN=cth.
Cr itical Problem. of ,h, Tut
Wc shall look in mort deuil at the theology the nthers DU. of,heKch.ap'..-, ls.eron. bur fin.
vanom criucal problems ntc<l to be.mc.wtd.. Compiling a panunc commenury on any part of the
Old TtslaInOn. raisa <JUt.l.oons no. raatd by ouch commcn",'1' on the N .... TtsumenL These
qUeJ.ion.arela'P'lytndowiththcacntalbiblical.ex.and. . naleuc:rex,en.WJthrhenighercrio
ciom of that lext (that U. qUeJti0n5 of comp06;!ion and authonhip). With the New Testament. the
English .ex. dur wt ru.d. ...... -adays IS. ,nnslarion of the NewTesument mort or Ita as the Grttlo;
farhcn rhem"'lva m..., ,, (there an: somerimts minor dilkrcnces rcxtual ",n';om detecu
can)' acerio", 10 the text : for instance at Mk 9:29. but theK arc few). Bur with rhe Old T .. tament.
is . major For the OlnJnan Old Ttsram .. " ..... the Grttlo; Scpruagtn.
abbttvia d .as LXX. u.. Larm for IC'YCIIry). whe ...... what .. rnnslattd;n OUr Bibles " the
Hebrew of ""'i," the Scpn.L.tgint wu an earl)' tnnllaoon.
Dijfrnnw Iotr ........ rlx HtIrr.,.. rht s.pr""f.IIl. The ten of the Hebrew Bible and th of
Scpnugin. du.pIa)' oom. InllJO' The Scpruagrnr .ndudes book.s sum as EccIe$.a.sucus
(or Sirach. an of the fuU "de Thc Wisdom ofJcsus Son ofSirach) and th. Wisdom
of Solomon that arc nOl induded in tht Hcbn", Bible. Some boolu ;n the Sep'Wlgim .. cm ro be
lar..- expanded vcnionsofthe ... original: for Esther and Daniel. which in the Scpru
agin' includes.." .... abo\Jr Susann.a and Bel and the Dragon.and an upandtd:lo/XOW\' of the Thrtt
\'Oung Men in the furnace (iodwLng the """S'sung 1. them In prai'" of God and cr(aOon). ln
other CUf". ,he S.pnugint pracnu the rcxr in a rcarrangcd ordcr ( . g.,rhebookofjcremiah . which
nas addi.ions u weU). The.., an a40 marI}' minor between the GTttk and Hcbnw
It i. general!.. hcld that the !;r .,., embeU .. hed .. ion of the original Hd,,,, .... ex'.
But this is onl)' partlr rruc. Sometimes. as the Qumran disc<werla hay: r.vcaled. the S.PruaF,n.
preserves......n:.. tha, rrughr have been 'Muded by rhe rabOis 10 the H .......... Bible had me Hcbu ..
ongmal no. bttn 10"' b)' the early ""nruna of th.Chrutun .,... (or the common thougn.t IS no:
h.nOI)IlCT'OHT<:>GVlUIS'"
dur to whom il is common, ap.art from Chrilmru and poaChriSliaM}; &lIch is me caw with Sir
..ch. me ta. of the Hd>rcw Bibk duo WC' the ao-callt<! M:uouric 'e><t. is .he
ruult of criric.aJ enduvors on the part of nbbiJ in tht KCOn.d IWf of tht first millenn.ium.lt is, then,
a good dullaler than the HebKYo" lal thal would have been available .o the Gretk mruJalors of
the xpruaglnt. Vananta in it mll' "",11 \)t wirnasa tooklCT and \)tnt' read.ngs than IIMt found In
,he Muoretic le,;!. (This, lOO. has been supported by the biblical lens msawered at Qumran.)'
Tb< Tb< Cbru",," OIJ Tcs""",,,,u. Theurly Christia", WC're well awarec( mue discrep
anciu berwccn th. Gre.k Old Tuum.n. arw:I m. Hebrew Bible. bUI a1moR univcnally .m,.
",,!!"a,dtd the ScplWlginl and traruJ.al1on. from il. nOllbl,. th. Old Lann version. as Ihe aUlhor; ... ",',
rext of m. Old TUfIm<1It of their Chrurian Scriprures. Th. mlln I'UM>n for mis "'U dur m. Scp.
rualn, was the version of the Old T."am.n. ma. m.,. "'.re acc .... lIom.d 10 wing. It wu in Gre.k
that Chriltiani<y had spread m ..... gt.ou. m. Mtdirctr.>nean world. and 11 Wli tht SoplWIg,n o
which Chrislian preach.", and mi$lionariu appealed as m. Scripture. The s..ptuaginl IS me ..... .
l ion quoted and 10. for m. mO$t part, in Ih. N.wTut<lmtnl . ",him li , of COurU, in Ih.
Gre.k of the first Christian miuionariHand Quutian communiriu. The Old Latin venion (or ver
. ,on.j "'as a lraruJ.arion of the s..ptuaginl and remain.d theprinciJ>a!texlofth.5cnpru rufor,h"".
,,-hoapokeLarinmroughourthep.auu.ic pcriod.
When Chri'lianity ulabli,hed itself among the Armenians. lhe Copta and Ih. Georgians. the
xpIWI1m formed the basis for dM:ir Old Tuumtnt. I;ven among In.: who
spoke a s..miti, Syria.:. thti, trllnWtion, the: !>eshina, though NturaUl' a tranWlIOR of
lh.dO$c!r relarcd Hebre,,. is nOl ",ithOllt thc influencc of inlcrprelalions ins piredb) lh.s..p ..... .
gint.
Tht e"liest dissenting ,-oi,. from the primac), of the s..pruagint &eenU.o have been Ih. Latin
ocholarjerom whosclranslation, """"' caUedthtVulgat .. " .... i"'p'redh,.his id ... lofHebrewtrum
(HtI .... "," v .. itllJj, thougheven here.dcspi,.hi. shriUdefi:rucofth.p',orityoftheHebre .... h .. vef
'1On /Tcqutndr follows the ,"x, of rn, s.pruagint .' At the Rcfonnation, .h, RenailQ.n,e idul or ""
fim'" ("to Iht sources") led 10 ProICSUnt vemacul.ar lra",larions of the Old Testament \)ting Iw.c.l
on .h. Hebre\\. and Ihence.o Ihe idea tha, .h. Heb .. ,, Bibl. is Ihe Christian Old Testament.
Al,t-.gh the: Roman Cao:holIC Chun:h m;mn, ...... ed thu and '''''Hed on rlH: author,,)" of Ih.
Ladn Vulga ... Roman Calholi< Kholanhip in rlH: latter half of the untu.), hu .enlkd to
foIlo,,' the Reform ..... Christians of the Orthodox , ... dirion (whether Gre.k. Ruuian. Romanian or
olher SITl1nds) stici: lomctradifiona.lnocionofln.s..pruaginllWlranslatloou ofil u theCh ... llan
._-... ... _ .. .,."...... .... ...... " .... s.p....,... .. . ..-"' ... onpnoI Hoe.c-, I . .... o<JGtnow 111._
1t.:w>oIdS.H<..wln. ..... T-..Is...Ioo_c..-I,I;ooo (N-.......,o.ioooIu-..-r-'l"'!ll!
"s...,_fo.Go-.C.T. R.-.;-I _ll--.. c.- (o.;..,La....--.I19S
,,/;
OldTesr.amtn,,;md they m: mo",d up in this position by thttnormow imporr:ana: ofth. lirurgical
textS that a",!naked in allusions 10 quOtatioru; from tht GTUk IUt of the Stpruagint.ln tht
West, Onhodox Christians an: a minorit}', but i! is worth noting mat "'''''ndy a re", scholars
called for a "'turn to the original Christian tradition, according to which th. Chrisri"" Old Tes".

Th< kgcrniO!II><S<pl!<Ofinl. For th. Fathers, this tradition was virtual.ly unqu<stioned. Further
mo",. it was r:nhanced by the widely accepted tradition of me way in which the Scpru.agin! had been
transLotl. According to a legend. first witnessed in the UUM'o! pmbably writun in the ..,c
ond cenrury (I.e, the Scptuagint was a Grttk of tht Heb",w Scriprures, oommiuioned
by m. Egyptian pharaoh Plolemy II Philadelphw (287247 S.C.) for hi.l library in Alexandri<l. The
Jewish high pri .. ! Eluur was approached and ..,l.ctcd seventytwo scholars, six from each of the
rtibesofls=l, who[",veledtOAlexandriaandthe",finw,tdtheirtnnslarioninsevenryo'rwodoys.'
Later versions of the legend exist, for instancc that recorded by th. Christian bishop of Lyons in the
Lour second c,""ru,,),, lren.oeus. According to his version the [nrulatOn numbered sovenry and we",
"'qui<l each [0 produce individu.al translations of the whole of the Hebrew ScriptuI'CS, which were
miraculowl), found to be identical.' Such stories of in minculow r",rularion naruralJy enhanced
the authoriry of the Stptuagint (the ridederivtd from the number of the tnnWton) amongGrrek
speakingJews,especiallyinAlexandria,andth.namongChri.tia=
n..s.pruoginr ktwtm Cl",;,",", ..... By the second ""nrut'}' A.Do, however. the ust of tht Sop.
magin[ among Christians was producing a reaction against ir in.Jewish circles, espccioll)' . hOlle rit
des influenced by the growing rmbinic movemen,. which emphasiud the sup",me authority of the
H. br .... venion. This division betwren Christian Greek and Jewish Hobre'" w'" deepened by
Christian in[up .. r.atioru of verses from the Greek Stptuagin. ma. had no 5UPPOl'! from the
Htbre",ren, rho most famous of these being the use of Isaiah 7:14 (1sai2h's prnphecyrha'"avirgin
shall conceive and bear a son and his n.ame shall be called EmmanuelO) ",a prnphec), of lhe v irgin.ol
con""prion ofJesw Christ (a1read')' found in Ihe N . ... Testament a: Mt 1:23). Whil e the ,Xptuagin,
unambiguousl), means-virgin: the Hobre,,' word so [nnsla .. d (' al"u;h) means a 'young
woman: Such di.!crq>ancies betwun tht So:pmagin' and the Htb .. ", Bible, especiall)' where the
G .... k vo .. ion rould be read asa prophecy ofChris., beame ont of ,ho principal issu<s of early Jew-
imChrisrian polomic (.re especially Jusrin Marryr's Diak>pt ",ill, TrypI>o tbtJ<w . WQrl< belonging to
rnt m;dserond cenrury).
NMl' 1 .... mJ..lioru, 11>< Hu4pk In the rouUe of the .econc cen",ry. "anous tr""sla,ocs- Aqui!a,
and Loter Symmachus and TneOOo[ion-proviGtd G",d: versions closer [ 0 the origi nal Htbre".

"....,..,""' ..... ""'301.1)
...... ....,.. c.. <{ GN1B.<'"
1N'TIWDUCT10"TO G ........ ... ,
Th.csc uanaiarlons, which W\'n presumably incenckd for Grttk-tpWtingJtws., ruayt noc survivtd,
protW>ll' btauot of cM lupKme ,...JIK atta<:htd by the rabbU .0 the Hob",w CUI and cM const-
quem tnCOUragcmen. co Lurn Hcbrt,, within nhbinicJudaism. Uvt in the fragmeno dw survive
of a nwsivt . ooIlOrbiblical scholarship.me Huapla, compiltd by cMgrelt thitd<cnmry Chrutiln
and Ihcolog;':'n Origcn. Th. 10-(:a1ltd Muwe of in six coIunuu. wu a nwsivc
synopt.is of the vtn.iOR$ of the Old Tawnent with coIumlU containing lilk by sick the Hebr. ,,
cext, mat un mmlln.rated in.o G",.k. and me = of Symrnxhw. the Stpruagint and
Thcodotion (though cM", isoome dispuleabout meeua shapeofthc Haapla).
"is """ dear what iu purpaoc WK. though it would alert Chriatian:apologists co places whc ...
th. Hebre", tendidnotluppon the Stpruagint. 'Whal happcnedwas tha, the Haapla l uppl.
mcncedtheunoftheStptuagintandprovidoclabroadc,rturualbuislOrocripmr:Uullerpret&Clon:
this mal' havtbem Origen" purpose. for it i. horn. OUt by his excgerical practi", in h' H ommenlaT
ita and homili ...... Buc i. aUo enabled Origm and other scholars co conuc the Stptu.IgulI against the
Hob...,w (whm: it wu obacure, for iTIWII'ICC). 10 lupplement the Stpruaginc by the Hcbrev. where
.he was full er and.o a1cn the Chri.ti.,. a.c: holar 10 places in the Scpruagim when: the Heb",,,'
... u lacIuns. apfW'endl' wed the marks of ancien. ac:hoLarship. the obelus (+) and the as.er
islo: (0). co mdia pau.agcs unique co the Stptuagin. and those passages tha, had been adckd." ,h.
Th .. IUC-the Stpruagim augmented bl' pau.agcs fTom the IrarulatiolU of cM Hob",,,. oome
.imes with che obeli and asterisks wtitten in, ",,"erima wilh. om'tted-came 10 circula.e
among ChrulWlS. upeciaIIl' fTom the fourth "'nrury onW1!'ds, when me c:xpatWOn of the now roI
cra,ed Chit .... .,. church led.o , he ckttand for copies of ,he Scriptures (c.g .. m. filly copia of ch.
Scnpturn ordered from Ewcbiw of Caesarea by the emperor Con.acantinc for .... in churcha; lICe
Ufo .,c...uc''''' .... 4.)6.17). Such '"<ptance of both the Hcbn:,,' and Stpnugtnt ""nioN of me Old
TeJ,am.n,-w;m the Hcbrt"' l upplementingbur nor corrting ch. Greek Scpruaginr. h)' now ,ra'
d" iO<U./ among the norm among ChrutWu-. Augusnn. V"" eloquent uprn-
lion lothuu<KlerstandingofKripturalauthorit,.:
Forthc .. meSprn,.n..: .. "Umthcprvpheowlwn.n.ydcb ...
,n,Ix"" ... ntynw:naloo;andhe"" elyhadi,inhi'f'O""'r<ou),lOIIIed"ngeiK,j ... , .. ifm.propi>c:
haduidbolh.bec ..... i'w .. th.e ....... Spiritw'uidborh ... IO .. "''''-!ha,thcwwl: ...... 1IOI
...,..,.poJhcdby.mancrulavcd<oalneralnlleof.numbbutbythcf>O""UofGodlloodingandgwcb,,!:
th.ern'eU'genuofth.,ransl .. or .... If.rMn.w ...... .. "bchoo .... w"' .... 'nth ... Scnptu' .. no
VI'1>I'<lJdu,th. Spm,ofGoddidnotopcakth_ghmcn,i.foIlov..o.n .. ..h <YCT ..
bor. no( III tiu<ofm.Kftn.rtr.,..u' ..... the SI''": of God dMi not choose ' oaa-'
__ ... ... ws.- .... H...pi..
.... _____
througbth.bner.bu,onlythroughth.proph<t1.Onth.othtrhand.wh .... anythingth,,'i.inm.
S<ptuagin.;.n<><intheHebtew!eX he""".Spiritm .... 'h"".p ... f.rruI.o .. yi'mroughm.forme,
rather dun mrough the prophet>. m ... showing ma, m ... all _n .. m __ re prophrts.llk..wi .. h.
spol<e . .. h.pleued.oom.mingsmroughu.a;m.om'r1mroughJeremW,."ilIom ...
.noth .. propnet. or m. umeming. bu'm difl'tren,form through the bncrprophe< "" .... II .. m.
form ... Moreover.anythingma, is found in bo<h pl.ruu""".thingtha. on nd ,h . .. m. Spiri,,,h_
,o .. ymroughbothkindso(ins,""m.n .... bu.in . uchwi .. th,um."". kindl.dth ..... yinpropheoying
. ndtheothc-rc.ame.fter ... im ' propnericrnru.btiono(th.irwords.Forjus, .. a ";ngleSpiri,ofpeaa
inspired me former when th.y opok. ,ru. and concordan,WOI'ds, oo the """. Spiri. manifeltcd him.<elf
in me laner when with"'" munul <o",ulu.ion they neverth.te.s ...... wd th. whol< ... if with one
mouth. (Ciry of God 1M3}
}trom. I'" VuIE'"'' Among the Greeks, mi$ view held 5way wimoU[ an)' ..,riow opposition.
Th. onl)' real dissent cam. in th. West from Jcrome. who .. Latin tr.nsllltion. which Came to b<:
called th. Vulgate (the common Bible) , was made in the cas<: of the Old Tesumen in principl .
from the Hebrew. ..... even h. included the book. of the s.ptwlgint that aTt no. found in
the Heb",,,. and frequentl)' hi, rnn,l.tioru, which w.'" generall), ",lIi.ioru of the Old Latin rather
th.n fresh ..... "'La.ioru. ",flect the interpretation of me Sc?"",gin . Jeromi. prm",na for H.b",w
,rum"osalonelY'tana:and.n:r.cted,riticism from,arnong others. Augustine.' ltwuo nl),gradu-
all)' ma, m. Vulgate establimed it&elf againn th. Old La,in. and in m. c ... of th. Psal.e . Jcrome's
version from the Hebrew c5tablimed iTSelf in liturgical UK. Th. Venerable Bod wri,ing in
EngLandinthe ..
Tb. lal in I'" AnCl'n! ChruI;'m Q.m ...... 'Q'1 on 5<ripIW", Howdoe. mis bearon the Anci.nt Chri,-
ti.n Commen "}' on Scripture. and in p.articuLar on thi$. me first volume, that deals with Genesis
I-Ill From wha, we have secn. it is al'P"rent that the "'twlllen the Father$ used is not something
that we can pick up in a curten, English rnnslation, for English Bibles we the Hebrew tat for me
OldT .. cament.Even if the" we",.reli.bl. <r.rula<ion of the Sepruagint a\'ailable i nEnglish.tha,
wouldno,be.uctly th. ,at of the famers either, ror printed lIersion, of the Septwlgint 'en are
based on Alfr<d Rahlfi. odi,ion. first published in 1935, which is.n attempt ro work back from the
texuthat have survived '0 me original fCxt of the A1exandrian traruJators..But,uw e h,"e scen.me
text mOS, of the F. ,h ... WOIlld have used would have been some form of me w-called Henpl.ri,
tf'Xf 0. at me "er), ieast hallecontained teadings d.tived from the Hexapla.
In misvolume we have printed the trans.!.,ion of the Revised Standard V ... ion andnotedrlte
,ari.tion$ of this ,a, from the Septuagin: (in Rahlf"5 criticaleditlon).ln the r1)'ch.ptel'$ of Gen.
..
...
esu!he Scptuagint follows tht Hebnw closely, thue Ottm [0 be no Heupbrk readings.. the ' arill
tion. from the Htb",w being m.o.inJy "",nerl of inte'V"'tation 0( Ihe Hcb",w lexl Or """,etimes
wimessing 10 allighdy dilfeunl form of !he lat than !he Maso",tic text. Bu . ,.. the ",a<\er will KC.
almostall!he ' '3rianlreaWngsoithtSq>ruaginraTCp=ofthtrutmatthtFad>enhadbei'ou
them and on whid. they WCTC rommenting.
s.p'''''f'''' ,,,"","1> Jrvm I .... HoMo",;" G ...... 'l . ll. Aput from individual varillllt readings. thcu au
twO uriking group' 0( varianu in the firs. deven chap.ers of GeneroU. born of which m.o.nifcst them-
selYeromos.sharp/yintheg<'nealoglesma.formAlchapronunemlUtuTCofthesechapcen (though
0 .... mat m .... modem readcn fend .0 slop). llwo fin. connu nam<':$. the second the period. of
YUrlmentioned.nthtgenealog.es.
The "anatiOtlJ in the nam<':$ aTC of TWO kinds. Most commonl). these "ariantl au due to djfficul
ties of rnauli.enrion befWCen languages wim diA'eTCIlt alplW>eu (e.g.. N,mrod bccomero Nebrod
[Gen 10-.8]). But l! U SOInetLIn<':$1 miner of Interpretation, the Scptuagin. nu)' m,etpr<:' the nam<
r."her than ,nnslnenting it (t.g., at iu first mennon. the name E ... iI tnn.slat"! ZO". "Iik," .... the.
than Innslileuled;"BabeI" in Gen 1I i. trasula.ed "confusion"). Or it mal' do the ",vu..,. taking a
word 10 be a name where modem ... ruJ.aron see a noun (e.g . in Gen 2>3. wheu Ad.tm i. I .. nwttd
1>]' modern traJUlafions ,.. "the m.o.o," .. -hile the Scptuagim seca lhe name Ad..m). Or.t ..... y idmtify
a Hebw.' pbce name (thc mOl'l mwng aampk being the idmrifiC1DOn of rhe "B:abe[" of Ge-n
10:10 with &bylon) Or fail to idmtify a place name identified by modem scholars (e.g .. in Gcn 10:6.
13. wher<: the Scptuagim fail. to identif)' Me. raim ... Egypt). AU lillnifican. vanadoru in namu a""
.ndica.ed 1>]' additional notu.o the RSV .at.,
l'ht: discrepancy berwcm the periods 01 rurl ruord"! in the genealogiu bctwun the Scprua
gmt and the Hcbuw lal (preJ.umlblydue to m reading Hcbrc .. numerals) w,.. notICed in anCIen:
{imco.The,anation>arccuriousinth:otthej'usuallyhavctheefFcctol'lOmeof,hcpatriarch,h:oving
children Ia.er in Life. while the acnW length 01 their livu rem.ohu the WTle (e'G-. accordillj; to Ihe
Hcbre,,. Acta", became Scth', ( ~ t h c r ..... en he "'IS 130 and then livd for an<>th"r 800 years. where ...
the Scprwtll"'t ha. him bca ... >Jng Seth. father II o:hcagt of230and j,ving for another 700 run: see
Gen 5:3;). The.., discrepancie" however. cawed a problem. In the case of Mtthwelah (or Ma
thousala).the Hcbr<:w calcularion has him dying. al the agc of969. in ,he rea,olth.nood (hulOn
Lamcch. born in hil 187th rear [Gen 5:25J. becamc Noah', father "'h"", he wa. 182 {Gm 5:28];
Noahwa.600inthtycaroflheAood: 18i .. 182 .. 600 .. 969), .. t.creas !he Scptuagml cakuia._
has him dying 14 yean af'tcr Ihe flood (Lamech, born in Methwelah. 167th rear. becomu Noah.
fathecinhil188th ycar: Noah"'1I 600 in the ycarofthe nood: 167- 188 _ 600 . 95S.14yu"
lhon ofhil death at age 969). s.." Methus..!ah"'lI not in the an.:. 00 howdi.d he .urv,w:;
)cromc. In hIS H ........ Qw." .... OIl G ........ soIvd the pmbltm b., ...ferm to d.c Hebt-M" . a aoIu
.. on acc"l"..! 1>], Augustine. who h"" .. er nottO ma: $udl concct>On of the Scpruagin: br I h ~
Hcbnwwu warnulltd only if rMre war. rcon COlUppoK that mett had bttna simpk rnisuh. for
me oevcnry wen: co be regarded, as we have seen. not simply 1.1 t .... nslato ... but as enjoying the free-
domofproph.
Cr iticI1Proble" .. ofC<>mpo"itionandAuthonhip
MOAt modem rudcn of me Ptntauudl. the 6rst 6w booIu of me Bible m:.1 constituted the
Hd>re,,\aw. or Torah. are aware of something of me raulu of modem sdtolarship 1.1 ro compooi
tioo andaumorship. For nurlYfWOccnruri"' ;1 has generally though nOt un;"ersall Y bc:en heLd ma,
the l'enattueh war. compile.:! in dw: posttzilic period (that M the aik or Babrlonian captivity,
which luted from about 597 to 539 B.C. ). making wc of earlier materials-hiRoriu.legonds and
law codci-and giving them a narrative .tl'UCtun beginning wim the CTUtion of the world or per
hapf; woriUng them into an alrudyuisring narntive mucwn.
forthis mtor)' (for It ilno mou: man that) iI the aisrenceof paral!d pa$$ageS in which
the same event IttfIUI to be: ..... ted twice and me way in which God is ttl1:rw:! to in diffettnt pas.
sages.So. in dw:chapterll we = conct:rne<I with. rMre ...... 1O be: two accounuof creation. Gen",is
1,12:41 and one bc-ginning wim Gen",i, 2:4b tha, .tartl with human creation and continues with
an ICOOUnt of dw:f.ill. Aho. in the accouru of the flood. mere an: discrepanc:iea in the number of ani
nuls alen into the arlc one account ....... to erwiu.ge pai .... whik the her ... visages rwo grotlf"
of anima!o. mo .. rirually clean and mox ritually undun, the former being p<atTVed in group" of
.. ,rn . .. -hile the Lartt re pl"l:SCl"YU! in pai ... (cf. Gen 6:18-22 with Gen 7,15).
The difference in the ,,a) God i. referf"td. to :appears in our chapters in mat in Genesi, 1,1 2,41.
;,132.6:922.7:610.8:119 and 9:117 God is rel1:rn:d to as God (Hdlttw 't/<iJli"': Gttd, IM<>.rJ.
ElKwht:tt God is rekrred to by l1Iing theucred Tem.gn.mmaton. YHWH (tn.lUlated into Gttd:
u kyriM. "Lord: a praaice p ..... rvd in English u.nal.atioru until recently and written in capnals.
LOaD, u in the RSV [Ut). the divine name-on!)' pronounced by the priest in mt ttmpk litu'iJ ( 1.1
I result _do not kncnohow" is pronounad and can only gueu). Following uptheat;duel.KhoI
anhavedininguishedse"eraldiffertntlourcesforthePentaleuch. often refe ... d tobJ' initials
J (the Yahwist. or Jahwi$t. source. whe'" God is called from mc beginning hr the divine name
YHWH). E (the Elohist SOW th.ar call5 God D (the source. connected
with the ",form jl1l1 prior to me ""ile) and P {me PriudJ' sour. much concerned wim liturgical
and kgaI matten). For Genesis 111 theptincipalJOUrCUa!kgtd=J and P (,,-him adopts the Elo-
h"'practiceofn:ft.rrinStoGodaseliHIi"'priortohi,revdationroMo"'inEKodw;3:1}.ISj .
The Fathen knew naming of ail mis. mnugh thO! wett awan: of the diff.,.elKCJ that have L.d to
Ih. pootulanonofthueooun:: ..... Suchdifi'en.n.ce:o they tendtd to 1n'erpret in cemu.ofthe ped.agogi.
[NTIOODUCT'OH TOCltPIU'$ "11
caJ purpoK of the who i. I(llinga 1I0ry on diffi:um ievels (in this th(y mighllK claimed m
haw anoopaled some of the rn<>K nomt Wbions in Ole! Tc:stamlt1lt .mobrship). For them th(
ramr "'as Mott:$. This conviction me "'IrIr Ch.urianJ wim me j!:ws, bUI rn( thrological
importan ofGrnuis, 10 which W( . haIlshortly tum. and espially iu acCOunt of creation, led 10 a
in cM Chrislun pption of the lignilicanu of the figurtof MO$($.as wilh duI of
""J<w>.
For the Jews, Mo.ca was the greal legislalor, the onc wOO had received the law On Mt. Sinai; the
W&J /Or them the Torah. CiuUmn inrCfCSr in the law had been deflected by the unrra)
"gnifianc<: cM)' atud.ed m Chns< and 10 faim in him. MO$($ U lIiIl cM laws"'., the 0 .... who
rtivtd the law on Sinai. bUI u aut!mr of thc book of Genuil,he i. the onc whovvean acoo unrof
crearinn,onewhooouldcon,cmplatcandaccurarcl),dc:scribcthccn:a.cdordcr:uGodin<end.edit.

the tatonlion of the 00$",0$ in him, according 10 the Fathel$. Conn(jucnd), Moac:s wu as much a
prophctualawgivcrandumucbpriudforhi.insigbtinmcrealionasforhisauthoritYaJrecciver
of cM la ... .
T heological'-... u

Jis.. 1be panem du, il p ...... id .. of creation and fall i. not """.ming thal the JcWl detCC1ed in it, fur
rhem Ihe ran "'as not and Ui nor a ca,ady,mic event in the hinory oI'humanlcind; it Ui bur onc of
nun)' uampLcs ofhurnan failure: m live within the COV(nanL. Wh)' do the un)' ch:rp,tn of<XncsUi
USumc I Uch lignifi.can fur palmnc and mOSl laler Christian theologr.
AJ., ... Gnd ChriJt One reason i, Paul', understanding of)csus ... Ih. Second Adom. "As in Adam
all die, 10 also in Chrisl shall all be made alivc"O Cor 15:22); "i' is wrim:n.'The firs, man Adam
beamt a HYing being'; the!.ul Adom became, Iat1;iving spirit. ... The fim man was tTom the
earth,a man of dwt; the second man is from heaven." .JUS! U we have borne the imagt of Ih. man
of dust, we also beat theinagt of the man ofhc.avcn" (1 Cor 1$:45,41,49). If thesigniliancc
of Chrw is Iwnmcd up through ,..cb connul between him and Adom, then the lCCount of Adom
himself USumes auhetypal 5igniliance for understanding the fallen human conditIon.
TJPGIoo. 1be tragic parallelilm of Adom and. Chrill bcc;lm( a key 10 undastanding Chri,t', Jig.
nifican: Adam. disobcdicnc. is ma.chcd by Christ'. obcdicncc. the tree of the of good
and.,.;! is matdled b)' ,ht [,/wood oftht cm .. (upiaU)' when the same word, "y/om '" Greek.
lig>'u", in Lann. mUnS both ""ttc" and "wood"), E .... is matdl.d Mary (woo lruly becomes
"mother of the living" [cf. Gm 3:20), .....nile Eve had become rather thc mother of tb.I;"',ng dead).
We Cln KC in thi. a principle of ocriprural interpretation, para.lldmS m( fo""alion of the
Bible ... consisting of Old and Ne,,' Tuumcn: , Lt IS commonl)' called typology, Ihough
this modem term uifiu something that was for the Fathers more a habit of thought than a method
or doctrine, The Fathen called it, in the East most commonl)', 'Mor;", contemplacion. looking mort
dply into the mcaningofScriprure. while the Lacin fawn came m we the term for the metoria)

This practice of making the ten of Scripturt shine like a beam of light. as it Wert, through the
prism offaith in Chri.t. in whom Adam'Slin and ours u. anccled and in whom the hopes of Isrul
and the whole ofhumankind havc Men fuJfilled. is perhaps. m begin with, the stl11ng"'t thing about
the Fathers' appro;!ch m Scripture. Another way of putting it. drawing on some remark. by the
French Catholic poet and diplomat Paul ClaudeL i. m 11 the SCriptu .... not as an arsenal of argu'
ments with which to attaCk Orw: another (as Catholics and Prot .. tants have been doing for years)
but as a treasury of the manifold rich .. of God', grace. a of symbols (for no human words
can capture the richt.S ofGod'sgracc) thufind their proper orientarion in the magneti c field of the
rule of bith (an ancient exprCMion for what is nowadays . ummed up in the or symbol of
faith). n.. me of such m express what is involved in scriptural interprttation points uS in
the righ,dirtction to begin to grasp the appro.:lm of the Fathers, which i. less scientifi.c than poeti c
and often finds its fullt.St expression in the liturgical hymns ofw church. woven OUl of the imagery
C"'41i,,". The Fathers' SCnSC of the fundamental place of crution in Chri5[ian doctrine was a con
sciowly maintained theological premise. Athana5im. at the beginning ofhis tua,ise On d,e In'''''''' _
"""' asserts: "Bm as _ proceed in our exposition of this [me incamarion of w Woed]. _ mu.t
firs, speak aboUl the crtalion of me univcne and its creator, God, SO that in this war wc mar con-
sider as fitring that its renewal was effected by the Woed who c ..... ted it in the beginning ....
It,sonlyagainstthebackgroundofaproperundentandingofmedoctfineofcrcatiorl thatwe are
abl e to grasp .he significance of the iru::amation of Word. \Vhar creation muns. as Atllan .. iw
goes on to make clur. is mat me universe has been created Out of nothing br the \\ioed of God. h
follows from this thar the universe is good, that the reason for its present lamentable sra,c is not tt>
be sought in the Creator but in fact mat me crea,ed sta,. is thar of a ... tional Ming
"" that .0 Create a of containing the highestfonn of goodness ".", to create a uni-

Mings to remain faimful to the good.
That failure le<! 10 a univene characterized by corruption and duth, The fall was not. howe .. et,
of the for God the Word. who had "u,ed the universe. came m live as. human Ming,
among fallen humar. i>eings. and merebr to encounter ,he powen of corruption and death.
unleashed in the cosmo. b)' the human '0 cleave to me good, to conquer them in his dum
and thereby to reveal the power oflife in theresurna;on andd",w humankind inro hi, dn,;nc li k,
whue they will be S\Ire in the good. lM whok picture is of an an: of the: d",ine putpOK fWSing
from craoon rolKifiation ( 10 use the: tndirional.erm in Greckpatriltiarnrthe:finalgl<>rific,"ion
of cram"" induding humankind), traruccnding rh. lcucr arc ncuil.:lled by human frail.,. pUlling
&om foil to redemption. Seen in this con.exl, the incarruotion is of more than merely b u ~ &ignifi-
cana: but involYcs the whole toImic ord.er.
Hu,""niry in If.>. i""'g< ofGooi. The co.o mic dimension of cre"ionincarnalion.deifica.ion does not
supplant the: human lignifiance of thc: d"""" of oution;tnd redemption. In (Kt, nther the oppo.
si ..... for the human .u.:ifhao a toInUc role acoon:Iing 10 the Grttk I1othcn. Thos is cxpruscd. partly m
the docrrin.of the human u a microcosm.a"linlccosmo.o;;n which the grcucr cosm<>.l i, .. el1ected,
a doctrine thar the Famers found in u... daukal philosophtn. notabl) Pla.o. There is a tcrKkncy in
!he Fathers m tad !heOUOOfl r>arr.ltM:ofGencWIn terlNofmetolmoiogKal mythofPlaw.
T, ........ ' and vi VerA. As m'CT0C05m, me h u ~ bemg i. scen u integral 10 me co.mac, U me
-bond (IyIIdcJ1PlOs) of the cOlm",." For mil 1Uo"'n. the f:ill ofhumankind hu cosmic co....,quencu:
it is noeJIUt humankind mat Iw bccnsubjcaed toconuptionand tic.am btu the wholccosouc ord ....
(d". Rom 8:20-23).
BUI .he u1rimale iU!cificarion rnr the high doctrine of me ~ m i c role of humankind hu in me
doctnM.llSeTd in Genesis 1:26,th..t human beings wct"Coutcd-m the 'mage ancIlikcncuof
God.-lM doctrine of human bemgs u bearing the dJvtnc image 11 nol a donnn. thal recurs much
in Ihe Old Tutamenl; outside Genesis th.n: an: occu,on.al echoes, no morc (e.g.. P. 8:6. W;' 2:23).
Nor .. it very promment in the Nc ... T ... tam<n'. Bu. 10 the Fathen" .. cenrral: u Pere ThCamcloc
on remalked. "Th .. theme of the image ... in the theology of the Fmers, above all the Greek
fatheri,cemral:inthltdoctrine.hcreconvergea,oncetheirchrulolograndtheologyof thc Trin;.",
theiranthropologr and psycholog)'. their thcoIog)' ofClUotion and th..t ofgnrc. the probIcmof
n.>o;ure andofthc.u!"'rruoo;ural. !he mys.Cf)' of deificaonn. me meoiogr of the 'l'lritu.1l likanclthe:
1a .... ,ofiu de'e!0?1nemandofiuprogreS$.""
It .. ccntn!. onc might argue. because the donrin. of <he image ctubIed thc: Farhcn.o m.erpm
the ruching they rnund in the Bible in c.a.cgnrit$ of though, thll thc) .. u GrttIu.. own} m large pan
to their educ.orion. rooted u il wH in class,,,! philolOph). eSf'<'C,.o.Ilr , ha< of Plato. This Can be illu.
trated in.wo waY" Finr. ;fbeing-in the un.age- i<kntified whot it ""as 10 h< human. then thu would
suggest th.u .0 be in the image ,,'U 10 h< r.l.tionai. the Grttk for which IS /ogitm. God ou.cd
through his word ("He,pokc .. and il"'u so"),thal Li,throUgh hll LogIII,the Logo, lhat ,as John
telll us. wu in the beginning." wu with God and .. u God" (}n 1:1). This sUy<$u d":!",r
mearungofh<ing .... "on.al. /orii:os: roh< /oriJ:DJ isropartlC1pat.m!hel...oos.that .... opa.r .. ctpa.telr.
the One who was inalmate as Christ (cf.Jn 1:14).
The language of Genesis 1:l6 fits in weU with this, for it 5tates that human beings wen cre .... :d
accnrding 10 Ihe image of God, I:a!' tiJ:Qnn ,ou tlu"".ln other W<>t"d$, there is an image of God. in
accordance with which human being.< are fashiolled, and that image is the Logm (cf. 2 Cor 4:4,
which speaks of'Christ, who is the image of God: cf.l Cor 11:7; Col 1:15). And thal i ....... ge i. ilio
Ihat imo which wc arc transformed. or transfigured. bl' our resporuc to the grace of God (cf. 2 Cor
3:18, where we 2U uid '0 be ' changed inlO the wrtc image from glory to glory: and Rom 8:29.
where wc are desrined to be'conformed to the i ....... ge of hi. Son').
The no,ion then of being fashioned in the image dcepeM the norion of wha. i[ is [0 be human. I.
mnesrarionalil}' apan:icip.1.rion in the creatiyc Logos of God and linb the origin.o.l human State of
being in the image of God with our fin.:tI s","e.[ransfigurcd by the glory of God imo[he irrulgc ofhi,
Son. Bcingka,' cikona (which in loter Chrisrian Guck becomes. noun phrase, 10 !:at' cikona, 'the
state of being in me image') is then fundamental to undct'standing wha. it i, to be human and what
" .. to be rutoud to communion with God.
Thi. dynamic OCfISC of. movement in which the fundamental cruted potentiali'}' of human
be,ngs i,reycaled is linked bymo.lt oftheGrcek famers to the other word u&cd in Gen .. is 1:l6,
which5OY' that humans were nude in God's i""'f" ~ n d liltm ... , kat" cii:Dna ... kai ... homo"",;". For
the Gred: word homoi;,sis ,uggestsa process ramCT than tate {the .ute of likeness wouIdbc
homo;QmiJ Or /wmoit)lts): i. was the word used by Plato to denote"likening to God" O'":a.<.<imil.alion
10 God" (homoio"" hco), which was for him the goal of philosoph) ... be remark.< in a phrase much
qUOled by the Fathers (ThtoWtt< 176h). Hwnan being.< are Cruled in the im<lge of God and, finally
transfiguredby thegloryofGod.wiUdisplayGod'.liken ....
The whole process of responding to the p c of God bl' prayer and :l demanding life of love
bring.<:aOOut an .... imilation lO God in which humans find their crea.ed fulfiUment': this :a.<.<imila-
lion lOGodisilioeall.dthdnis {deific.o.ion. becoming God). But thi. dcification iSpo5$i bleonl)'in
and through Ch';$! the incarnate Word, for humans poucss only the p<>Ien.ialil} for deification.
bee ..... th.y are created in accordance with Christ. who is the inuge of God.
E ~ . n in thi.<brief skeh, onc <.011 <et h ...... the notion of the imag<' of God i, an architcctonicterm
In me theology of the Fathers.onc in which all the dimensions of their theology converge:. This real
,u,.ion perhaps found nowherc.uch dur ."Pu.ssion as inJohn of Damascus. the PaI .. rinian monk
who oppo$CCI the destruction of images (iconoclasm) by the Br..antinr emperor Leo at Ihe begin-
ningof theei!!hthcenrurrlnhi.<dcferu.cofth.divinei ....... g<:$, h.bc:ginshisa..gumentbyshowing
;'0\\' thr nOlion of the imago: i. a central analogical term in Christian theology, so that disruf>C<T fOl
I;,raTliSlic image, such as the icol'>OCias..emperordisplayed,thrcatened to tearapal"t th .whol.fab
ric ofOrthodox theology {Stt 0. IhrD;., ",I""'gtI 1.9-13;3.1623).
The foil ~ " d ong;""II'''. Genesis 3 beam. for Chri"ian theologians an .rplalUrion of why Ihe erc
ated order. fashioned by Godu"uettdingly good,",' fuJI of evil and wickedness. AI wc havc alrady
rnn.ukrd. the fundamental ';gni6eana Ken in the aaowt. of hwnnUty', 61'S'! dUobtdienct iI I\Ol
",meth,ng Ouurians inheri.ed fromjewU.h ofGroeai' but has much .0 do
wirh the way in which .he IIOr)' of Adam is SUn to mi rror in revcn.c: .he story ofChr i!! the Second
Adam. By his disobcdiet>. Adam destroyed thc rmrioruhip that God had establishe<l with him.
no. just fOr himscJfbut fOr hu dcKltIl<Untl: they a", born into a "",,"d alienated from God,
Ex:actlr ho,,' Adam cam. 10 diJObey God is ",m.thing which the Fathers ponde",d. and they
ca"", Ilf' with difi"crent ooJ.urionl. u will be discover"'! in thc p"-.rl$tic comrmn<aT)' thal follows.
Pride in m.. sensc oi...mngone. odfllf'agairu. God and igr-inghil will. giv1ng ,n m m.. allun:
men. of the lCnKII.ndooJ.idarity on Adam. pan with hi. misguided wife an: all ;nrerpn:urioru lug_
gesrcd b)' the Fath ..... Ther alJO makr much of the <!ea" of the ... rpcnt. whom they f!C'neraliy
identif} with SaClfl ...no had been ettated 11 the STUteS' of the a ... f!C'u but fell, eIther because of
pride that would not pcnnit God 10 detcrmi ... e his moral world or mon: commonly beca"", of en")'
(cf. Wu 2:2324). envy of the human being whom God had m.a<le. microcosm and bond of the cos
Thi. coamic role that the human ""ing WII =rl1O fuJ6J] i, invoked by the Gr.d; fathers to
explain the fan that Adams.in aJltcd not just himM:lf but also hi. daccnd..anu. A. Athal'lasius
pl" it. and foUowing him mou of m.. Greek fathers. u. resuI. of Adam,lin. conuplion and death
haye been unleashe<l into the world, The rcIIon why rtpcntana on Adam. pan could not unclothe
effeCtlofthefallilthatthec",atedorderil;nruinsuan:.u1.ofAd..am'.';n.andthi.ruino"",,,alCis
rn:IJ\'fcstincorruprionandde.aththatSttmto"alkthroughthecoan>Ollikeayengingangt:u (Stto"
Thi. c ... m;' und.rltanding of the effects of the fall. char:ac.erist;' of the Gredo: fathers. is in wme
Cont.U! ro Augwlinc'. idn of m. fall and originaI';n (an idea alrudy developed by me unktt.own
Luin fathe.c.illed Ambrosiu.er. hotausc hu works an: prucrvcd;unong the writiogs of Ambrooc).
that evennuJJr came to be dominant in the WeI., Augwtine saw Adam', pcr",nal sin and guil' ...
inherited 1' his ciandan ... 1O dUI they an: guilt)' of original';n and jusdy suffi:t IU consequences,
hotausc mC}' all .inned in Ad..am ( ..... ich he found affirmed on Rom S:12,accordml: to hu ,n.e<prCU
,ion of the rradirional Latin ve"ion). The term <>rigi"Q] lin i. not found in the Greek fathe .. , who in
con,,u pcU of the rathcr different concept ofancutral.in (prop..,criU Ioamarfi,,).
Tht .... <1,0"1.1 t/Gnwu Jar w 1iItM.. After the fim thrtt m:ap<ers ofG ...... ; . tht ... am of
p;lmsticcom"",nt becomu much rhinoe . Th. account or me Aood i. paid ",me anen.io ... and seen
as a prcfigunti01l of Christian baptism (cf. 1 Per3:2021 ).ButtherCi:ofthtKCoumoftneo.",,] or-
mm, ofhuman OO(I(ty, the leCming p;lralld growth ofhuman Ikills and cnfu and human wICked
ness. aftr:lCt$ httlf COmmm:. Nonetheless these chapters proyidfd preronccptiOnl rhat affect
pa,ri"ic though. in , ubliminal \OIaVS. The ambi.&lence of might in the battl.of.he gian .. in Gm"",.
ua nug!ttyhuntcr
ag:unlt me Lord. is an example. Mon: obvious and Itrilcing iI me way in whlch rh< KmUnt of me
origin ofm( dififft:n, human languagu in m. srory ofdK rowcrafBabd (or a.bylon. or"conN-

another, in cantrast to Our modem inclination, me product ofRom.o.nticism, to tee me multitude of
as wimeu to the untold ofhullW\ uperience.
Th. Fath ... read me fin. cftap<trI of the Bible as unfolding a thcoIogic.aI und(nt.anding of the
human condinon.. TIw: ;U,ow inunded 10 help tht rt.adI:r 10 pro'" from wet. an
'" what much modn-n Kholanhip rtprds"" aDOI'n. Itgencb oflimit:ed thcoIog>aI ,<IIuc.
In tht thcologial ma, tht Fatht .. brought '0 tht ScriptulU. men and
WOmen tod:lr will find accus la Ihe depms af a meological traditian that stiD has much ,a say to
,h.m-IhiJ iI .h. foundation On which .h. Ancient Christian Commentary on S<:tipntU h", been
conctivee. "
The IJ'Id.work for mil anthology of from the Famen was done bJ' Dr. Marm Coon.
though me final is the lUulr of our coIlabonriv<: dfon. The Introduction is minc.ln the pas.
",""l.mee,. nuntber of alreadyu,"en. tnmJations boten UKd. oftcn modified In the mtcr
iWI of accuI"Vr or clantr- No ancmpt has been .. howev.r. to intrnduc<: mdW:;Ye
language: ,hi, would h."" been an .. 1.00"',( ruk, .ince 10 mum of Gcncs;s 1-\\ concCmJ the
human condirion. and in steking a "anct)' of ""'tegie.! '0 avoid wing the term ""'" wt would have
run the nsk afobs.curingthc Fathcn'thought.Thc ... dtrlhould bear in mind that inthc original
languages used by the Fathen the noun translated "man" (in Grttk (J/UMDpoS. in Lantlllonoo)
.mbnccobothm.alcandf..mak.
Un,"",'tyofDu.+wn
Durham, U.K.
''Gttw.oI _,-'n..._oltIM...a:::s .... .... _olG<oooo.'''.
_..Jf.oo1J_n.O"O'O"Gnoo_ .... ." .... I&t.F..Sorap!uon"-""" ................. ."PIoiU"'..loh_ (1'IanMa.
CoW".S..H.nmonolAloooioo--.lOOOl .... ..- .... .-M ............ _--'''''..-ooIoc.-and.-.,...-
olC-- ....,. ... ,........ ... tIM ........ Iobon. 01 F.. "-..... _ .... tIba .......... odIyt.....6 ..... "' ..... ""'_'-
oI.o<t.d .... ocIo<.... .. ""'"--_ .... .. __ .... ..... _F..
__
GENESIS 1 -11
1:1 T H E BEGINNING OF CREATION
Ov .. ,v w, God e .... ul heav"n and UTlh
h..,,,ghtl ..
.h. WOTd' (AOOUST' .... ). God mad. h .. ven
.ndurthinlh.beginn,ng.notinlhcbc:gin
ningof time bUIin Chrill {O .. lGaN.CHaYsoJI .
yo,.. AoousT'Na}. Godcrcl",dheavenond
unh.lh i . h.monerof.hehuvcn nd
th.m.nerof.h.urth. whichcame.obc
f.om IIOIhing ( Su, .. OF EMuA).
Th. bi h oflhc wo,ld ,,a' p .. ,.d.d by 0 con
dilionof,hing,.uitabl.forth.cxerci of
upcma,u"']po ... en. Thcm .. ningof cr ... ion
" k.no ... n from d""ne r.vcl .. ;on {BAS' L). To
Mo .... God. r<v.l .. ionof,h.beginning' ,,'.'
made . de'lu ... I) k.nown ndhi' aoun'il lo
bcfuUy "ul tcd(CHaTsosTOM).
u r,h" ..... h.e,.ng<[,njohn.loo .. y. inth.
bcg'nni ngofhll GOIpcl : lnlhcbegllln'ng .......
Ih.Word. andth.Word ..... wilh GocI . nd
.he Word .... s God. The um. " ' U ,n Ih.
bcginn, ng ... "h GocI. All.h,ng,w .. e m.d. by
h, m. and ... "hou,h,m no,hlllgw,,, m"';c:'
HO"'L'.'O ..
THS S.G'HHI/.ohTH,WO .... 0 8lG'H"
ScriplU'. i.nol . pcak>nghcreofany temporal
beginning. bu,,,uYI .har.he hcav.nl and,h
canh.nd .ll.h>ngs ,ha .... cremad . ...... mad.
"'n.h. b'g,nn,ng: ,hal,""n,hcS.",ot.
HO"'L'UONGINUIS,., .'
.. ND E .. IlTH A .. . THE FO ... OLISS
MATTK .. OF T" H UN,v ... n. Aum'ST'N"
1:1 In d,. B.,i .. ",,,, Go.! Cruled the SCT1p"". call td heaven and earth .h .. form.
Henell. G"d E tb I m ..... of Ihe un;v. rs<:, whIch .....
chonged,n.oformed.ndbuu.iful n .. u,u bl'
Huv .. , AN" E .... TH w .... CI ... T." God', 'neffoblecommand .... Tb ..
THIOtlGH THS \\"OID. \\''h" " .n( and u"b .... b,eh "' ... rnnfuu'; and up.
h,s ,nn,ng or all .hing' Our Lord and ... ere au",d.o ' '''t,v. form. from God rh .. ,.
Sav,orof all ."' Je.usChri,,,h.fi rs.botnor
In.hi, bcgmning,.h .
h .. ' . ,n b .. Word. "God made huv.n and ',T ... ,nl. 'Coil'"' 1"",), 'Fe?",,.
maker. 0 .. THB L'TlR.U OF
G"NES' S;.,O.'
GOt> T H B A .. t> T H E
oF Huv""'SA .. n EARTH.Bu' "THB
GnAT: [The Maniduun. a .. ut .ha. ) th.
formoftheworldi.du.tothewi.domofthe
. uprem. Art ificer; man.r c.me.o the Cre
atorfrom without; and thu. , h. world ... ul ..
f.oma double origin. It h .... c.ived from
ouuid. in m .,u and ill .... ncc and from
God in fcrm and figu.e. Th.) thus ,cm. to
d. ny that th mighty God ha. p.u ided otthe
fcrmationofth. univ ..... ndprct.nd that
h.h .. cniyb.ough,.crowningconltibution
'0 a CCmmon work. rha, he h only con"ib
u .. dsom m.11 po"ion to the g.neli. of
b.ing . Th.) ... incapabl.from'hed.b ... -
mentof,h.irreucningc(ui , ing , htir
glance. to th. h.ight of truth. H.re belo'"
aru .... ub"'1u.nttom .. rer-introduced
,ntolif.bj ,heindisp.n bl.ncedof,h.m.
Wcol .. i ... d before weaving mad. itlupply
cneofnatu impe,fe"ion . Wood .. i ... d
b.fo .. c p.nt ..
tr.nsform.dit.achd.yto.upplyn.wwanu
and mad. u .... all th dvanrag .. d.riv.d
from it. giving th. oar to th. uilot. the win
nowingfan to ,h. laborer.the lanc. '0 th.
$oldi ... But God. befo .. all ,he .. ,hing.that
now.""ct our nc,ice ui.ted fte, caSting
.bon,inhi.mind.ndde .. rminingtobring
in'o being ,ime which had no b.ing. imas
in.d the wc.ld . uch .. i,cught to b nd cr.
... d matter in harmony with th. form that
h.wi.h.dtogivei'.H .... ign.dtoth. h.av .
n.thtn.tu .. adaptedforth.heav.n,.nd
pv."'th arth.n .... ncein.ac,dance
"irhi"form.H.form.d . sh, ,,i.h.d.fi ...
a .. . nd ... ... r . ndg.v.toeachth ..... nce
,i""h.o;'jec,ofiuui ... nce re'luir.d
Finally,h.w.ld.dallth.div .... parucfth.
univnse by li nk. ofindi oluble attachm.n.
andest.blish.db.twccnth.m.opcrf.".
f.llow.hip and harmcny.har ,he mo .. dis
t.n'.in . pi .. of,heirdi .. ance . pp .... d
unitcd in one unive .. al Iympathy. Lct.ho ..
menth .. dc .. renounc. ,h.irf.bulousimag_
inuion ...... ho.in . pitcofthew.akn of
th.ir.rgum.nr.pr ... ndtom u ... power
incompreh.n.ibl.tomans .. aoon .. i,i.
unutter.bl.b) m.n. voic . Godc ..... dth.
heav.n. and theearrh. bu. no. onl)' half- h.
cre",edall.he h .. vens and all the .,h.cre .
atingth.es .. ncewithth.form.HIl;u.,
M" .. ON
GOO C".ATln TH,,...GS OuT Of NOTH,,...G.
NBMHStUSOFEMESA:Ev.nifirisgr.n .. d
. ha. the God ofall.hi ngl followed an order
[inth." tionJ. hei howntob.God.nd
Creatorandtoh. v.brough,allthing,in.o
bcingou, of nothing. ON THiI NATUU Of
MA ..
TH. THil I.h u H 0.
TKEWORLO.BAS'LTHiGRIlAt:lr ' ppears,
indced,that.v.n bcfore.hi,world.norderof
thing.exi ... d ofwhich our mind c.n form an
id bu.of whichw.canu)"no,hing.btcausr
i. i,tcolofr)" a'llbject for men who are but
beginne .. and ... "illbab inknowl.dge
The birth of the world wuprcced.d by. con-
.. or
. upern.tu .. 1 pow .... outltripping th. hmiu
oftim tern.l.ndinfinit . Th.C .... or.nd
D.miutg.ofth. uni v .... pcrf.c .. d hi. work.
in it.spiri.u.aJligiuforme "appin ... ofall
... ho 10 .... ,h. Lord. in .. U.ctual. nd ",vi.ibl<
naru aUth.o.d.rlyar.ang.m.ntofpur.
int.llig.nc whoanbeyondth.r.achofou.
mind and of ...nom we canno. n.n diacover
the name . They fill th. _"". of .hi. invi,i.
ble world.uP.ul.u(huu,.-Forbyhimwer.
Uthing.cr .. ,.dtha' .r.;nh .... n.nd . ha'
... . wh.th.r
Ih.y .... thronuordomin' on.o.p.indpaliti
orpow ..... or ... inuuo.ho.uof.ng.l.o.lh.
digni .... of.rch.ng.b.To.hi.world.,lu. i.
w ntce""<)' . o .dd.n .... wo.ld.bo.h.
Khool.nd ... iningpbce ",h m. soul. of
m.n.houldMuugh nd.hom.fo ..... ing.
d .. ,in.d'0 b.bo.n and , .. dle.Tltu. """"
... d.of.n.ru ... n.logou. ,otharofthi.
",orldandth."nim.blndplanuwh,chliv
on".th ucc .... ionoftim fo .. v.rpr ... ing
onandpu.inglwayandn.v ltoppinginifl
cou .... I. no"hi.lh.n .. ur.ofrim . wh ...
.h. pu.;. no mo...,. the fu.u,. dou no. uil<.
andth.p' ... n.to.capu .... fo M'ng .. cog.
",%.d!And.uchalloll.h.nl<ureof.h.,ru.
,ur.th"liv .. in.im._condemn.dlogro,,'
or,ope.,.hwitho ... rulandwilhoutc.".in
JI.bil"r. \1 il th ... forc fil that Ih. bod,u of
animal. and pbnu.oblig.d '0 follow a 10rt of
<urrcn, andcorri.dlwayby.hemo.ion tha,
I .. dllh.m.obirthorlod",th . ho .. ldli in
m.m'dllof, .. rro .. n.itnv ... hoKnat .. ...,i.in
.ccord ... ith .... ing.lubj<=ct.och.ng . Tltw
,h.wti'.rwhowi'dy,.ll . ... of.h.bi"hof
.h.un'vernoi<K. nO' f.il,op ... m.uwo .u
at ,h. hud ofth. nar.ali.c."ln mc Mglnnlng
Godcru d";rh.,i"o"y.in th.beg,nning
of t im . if h. maku the world
appear in Ih. beginning. it i. nOt proof . h.:
."binhh"pre .. d .tthatofaJloth .. thing'
th"wcr.m.d . H.only ... llh .. ,ollu.th"
ftcrth.invi.ibl ndint.ll.cru.lworld.th.
vi.ibl.world . h.wo.ldofth n .... l>egan
<t'.""'. EUGITlC HOOltLlU'.S.-
C"",T' O" K"ow" R."'IILAT,ON.
RAJ'LTH.G .... T:W .... propo.oing'ou.m.
.. \lCI\I .. of.h" ... o.ld. nd 'Ocontcm
plate rh .... hol. "nivcr no. from Ih. w".tom
of.h .... orldbutfromwha'God .. ughlhi
.. rvantwh.nhc.poh.oh.minpc.oonond
witho".ri<ldl ... HEXAlO .oN 6.,. "
To Mo, .. Wu R. ""'Llt. OTHII B.Gn''''NG.
CH"vsoSToOl:No,ia.hi emark.bl.lu,hor.
d ... lyMlov.d . ndrh'p " .. "I"rgifthch.d.
lmCln.whil I1,heother uupir.dau,hon
.old.ith ..... ha' ..... uldhoppen .. ft.r a long
lim. Or what Wlf going 10 ,.1.. plac. 'mm.di
atcl).rhilbl_d ... lhor ..... ingbo.nm.ny
g.n.rallon.aftcrth. u.nt . wu gui.t.d by ,h.
d'ltyOnhigh.ndJudg.dworthy.onarr ...
what had bccn cr ,.d by the Lord of.ll from
.hcve.ybcg,nning.Accordlnglyh.bc-g.n
..."h m word,,"ln ,h. Mg,n",ng God Cr<'
at.dh .. v.n.nd ... th."Ht ... dln'Sh .... Uo ....
at u lland r. . Js11 by human b.ing. !.m
(lugh,inu"ering,hU'lhing,flt .. ,h.on.
whobroughlMingfrom nothing who Itlrr.d
mytongu.in n.rratinglhcm."Su"' .... ,h ...
fo...,l ilt.n,olh ... wo,d,no .... heword. of
Mo hutu.h.wo.d.ofth.God or.u
Ihing.<omingto ... through.h ongucof
M"' oIMgyou.l.IU. h .. d wh., .... ,d ..
.tiltinguilhcdfromouro ... nreasonlng. HoOl

T.uSTGoo, a.. ........ T' ON TO Mosu. CH"Y
,OITOOI: L.c. u. accept what .. . ... d ", h much
grnitud . no'ov ..... pping,hcprope.lomil
no. bu.ying ouuclv ..... "h m." ... beyond ....
TIt .. iJ the beu"'ng weakn ... of .ncm ... of
'C..t ",6, "NPNFa ,s.o..Ss. " FC _ l. "Fc7401H:',PG
.=
chccru,h,wilhinguthcydo,oal.lignncry
manc.co chclTown",uoningandlackingchc
. uh:a';onchacni.hcyondlhccapadlyof
humannacurc.oplumbGod'.crc .. ion, HoM-
'uu 01< GINU'S a.s."
HUV.I< .. NOE .... TH_CNU50STO .. :\\!hr
I d .... "p.()(c.d,fi .. ,huv.nth<nucch!Th.
ccmplc".roofmadchcfo",itspavcmcnc?God
i. not.ubjKc '0 narurc.dcmands nor '0 ch.
n>1 of chnique. God i. thcc,ea.o nd
mUlerICchnkianofnaturc.and.rl.and
.v.rylhingmad.ori magin.d.SB .... ONI.)."
1:2 THE FO RMLE SS EA RTH
' TIot t"'IIo "'''$ nd "nd darlcnru ..... , [11'.141'. OJl' l'" dftp;'
"ndrbrSpiril' ojGlld ..... , ..... rtr$. '
-I..a __ ... --" .1..a_ .. -.o...I ..... 'ux..,.. 'I..a_(...,-)
Ovn.v,g,,: Th arth .ha, God mad. "'u
,nvl. ibltand ... "hou,fo,mhcfor.God
arrangedth.ro.ms ofallchinglbyordcring
andd,,"ng .. ,.hingth. m (AOGlIST'I<.).Th.
darkn .... ndth.d plignifrch.al.nc.of
,h. bodily hgh. rha, had '0 hc cr.atcd by
God (AlIClIST,,,,I)."W ... r"i. anothcrd.fini
,ion ofth. formic ma".r.o bca .. ang.d by
God (AuGUSTI",.).TncSpiri,movingovcr
thcfactofrh.,,a .... foruhado .... b.p,i.m
(JUON'). Th,Sp1.il,,,hich 11 compared loa
mOlher b,.d (&"UM), ,""Id 10 hov ovc.
rh .... a' .. to ",.ompli.h.h. "'u'" p"'polfof
.h. Fath nd th. Son (EMlllM.A ... ""n).
On,h.fi .. ,daythccru,;on,, .. lIillincom
F"J< i.,.u cr .... d,.nd only
.h.n .....
1,2.110. Earl" W,," Wilholll Form nJ
\ '"id
T .. . E .... T .. W .. S Fo ...... ns M .. TT ....
AUGUSn"'l:Th.carch,,uinyi.ibleand
unorg.niud,and darknc .. "uov .. ,h.
aby ... Formle .. ne ..... ugg.".dbyche
word.,IOTha,,,,emigh,gn.$p,hemeaningb)
d'g " . forWfcare"nabk.othinkcognlll
y
c1j"
abo".anablol"lCp.wa,ionofformthatllill
do nOI go u far ao norhing. From thll,
anothcrYL.iblcandorg.nhcdhuvenand
carch ... uCtOMmade.Col<puS' O"'"IS
'
\Vu C" UT' Ol< CO .. PLBT. 01< Tt< . F'.'T
B .. TH. SIl.d,. ch. pen.n
condi'ion of ,h. ca"h con,i". in '"lIal< of
abundan.c:th.buddingofall.oruofplanu,
rh.p"ningforlhofTh. lonyrre borhfrul1
f"l.ndb .... n.lhefr hn .... nd fr.gra nceof
noweu, and wha, ucr,hingl,pJ>Uud on
.arth . li roebterby , hccomm.ndofGod ,o
.dorn lhe;r mother.S,nceao yet th. r. wu
nothingofthii,lhes.:ripture realonably
.. e.Wemigh,uythe
umc al ... about the hu ... n.; . ha, they were
noryc,broughtloperfnoonthemuJ .... nor
had they rec.ivd lhelr proper adornment ,
IIncc , h.y wcrenolyetl;ghledaro" ndbr lhe
moon nor Ih lln. nOfcrown.d by th. choifl
of.hellan.Forthuelh,ngoh.dnolyelb n
made. Therefore you ... ilI nOt err from Ihe
tru.hifyou ... ythatthe huveni al ... wn.
,ncomplete. Hlll ...... I O", :. ,.'
C . ... TI NGP .. I C. OB' O.oa. ,NG, A .. .. on
The good archi,ecr IaYI the fo " nda,ion fi ...
and.f.crwan:l , when.hefounda.ionh" bun
la,d.plou.hevaflOU'p .,. of . hebu;ld,ng,
one aftef the oth.r. and ,hen add. to 11 th.
o'n.ment .. ion .. s.:"plurepo ... ' " ourthar
,h,ngl werefi .. ,crca,ed . nd.ftcf,,'udpul,n
ord.,leltirbcluppo"ed,hltlherwcrcnor
a"u.II), crc .. cd and Ihar th. y had no begin
n'ng,Ju .... if .he n .. u'eof ,hingsbadbcen.
uil wtrC. gcnef .. edf.om.hcbcj!lnn,ngand
d,dnolappearlobc ... mcthmgadd.dafte.
.... rd.HBX .. R .. eao ... '.;.'
GOD D"'IILT n .. SUP N"l L' Gon S.,o,u
C .... TI ... G" D,.' IINT P .. TIIC .. lL, OHT.
IIUOUJTINt: Andd knUI ... uovcrlhe
abr ... Th. M. n;chaunl fi nd fa ,,11 ... ilh Ih"
nd ). W .. Godth.n ... darkn . ... bcforch.
mad. the ligh" Thcy th.moel .. cs are "uly In
. h. darknc .. of 'gno .. ncc. and for.h .. rea .....
i"=J'do norundcrlundthehgh"n ... hlCh
Go.d .. .. bcfor.h.m.dc lh,,/igh,.Fo. lher

the fluh.And therefore they wonluplh, ,"un
... and
that thorci dirrercn, lightinwhichGo.d
dweU . Two Bool(5 ON GaNlSl S AC;,,'NU
TliEM"N'CH""'''Sl.j.6.'
TH' D", IN.n .... 0 TH' D A TH'
M I AIUNCI OF L, G" T. AUOUJT, ... a: Onc
who diligently conliden whal darknu. 11
rcally find. on]y Ihe light. Thus 11
id,darkn ., w over thc .by.,; .. iflour.
Ther. WaI no hgh' ov.r Ihe . b)'lO. Hence,
this maller d'lll uord.red and d,mngullhed

and .. nf",m.dcarlh.nd.hcdecp ,ha,il lack
ingligh . Thi.il whafw ... bovecollcdhc ... cn
. ndcarth. lik h.,eedof he.ven.nd .... h.
ON THR L'TR.,u INTE . .. UTATmN Of Gm ... .
"54.11.'
1:2c TIo_ Spirit Mo.';"! 110.
"j th.Wat.r.
C .... T.O . T THIi S . .. IT. A ..... OSR: The
Spiri,fimngly movcdovc. th ... nh.dcsrincd
.obcar f .. ",bccaul cb)" hc.,doft h.Spi ... "
hdd Ihe ICed. of nc,, b,.,h which wue'O gef'
min .... ccordi ng.oth.wordl oflh.prophet :
Sendforthlhy Spiril.ndthey . h.llbccr.
u.d.nd.holl l h.1trcn ..... h. facr of .h.
u.,h." Hu ,.. . .. nON ,.5:
W .. T b BUlLT M""". L.
M .. TTI . A .. (;UST' ... The mUter "fiut
called by th. nam.of th.un;vc .... th., i of
hca .. en.nd .. "h.rO'lh ... koof ,..hi'hit .. ..
made from .bs.ol",c1r no,b,n,.Sccond.iu
formlcuncu i, eonveycdby the mention of
hcunformedcanhandrhelby ... becau ..
Imong III ,he demenlt earth i, more formic ..
and Icubrigh.thal1 the re. . Third. by the
namc_ .... ,heTt I.$"gni6.dml.""th.t.,i.
ubJCct to.h .... orlr.of,h. M .... e fo ...... et
can be movcd "'''Tt euil)' Ih.n urth. And
,hu. "naccounroftheulincubywhichite.n
bcwo,kedandmoyed.,hema"erlubject.o
the Maker.houldbecllled wa.er rl<her than
U .. h. O .. THBLJT ...... LI .. .. TAT'ONO'
GI"""4,' j.'
ASU'.OLo. S .... ns ... Juo .. s:!nth.
bcg,nningofG.nCli . h i. writt.n:Andth.
Spi,i,wa' llirring.bo.c .hewa.e .. :You lu.
rhen. wha,i, ... y. ifllhc bcg,nningofGen il.
Now for It, "'Y' lic.1 mun,ng- Thc 5pint
.. ul."ringaboverhe".' . .. -.lrud)' 1t
Ihlrtuncb.aptismwubcingfo, hadowcd.h
withou.
,he 5pirit . HO."LIlS 10.'

5.' . ' T. E.M .... TMB Sn.'A>I: (The Holr
Sp .... ] wlrm.d.hc "I.e .. w"h. k.ind of wital
,,arm.h v.nb,inging.h.m.olboil.h,ough
m .. n .. h.l.ino,d.,.om ...... h.mf."il .
Th.actionof.h.n;.,imilar.\t lilloniu
Wmakingthcmfe"ilelhroughlhc ... armlh
ofincub ion. H ... Ih.n.rh. Holr 5piru
fo,ah.d ...... the .. cram. n, ofholy b.p,,"m.
pr.figuring "" I .... iwal. 10 th th. ", n mad
f ... i1.brrh.J.ov.ringofth .. ... m.dw,n.
5piritmigh.giv.birth.othcchildrcn of
God.CO .. "' ... TAUO .. GIi .. iSlS,. '"
T .. , 5.' '' ' T HOv .... I>. E ....... THI Su
, ..... :!t w ... pprop,;at.'o.evu.lhc .. lh.,the
Spi,ilh ....... d lnl>rdc,fo'Ultol ... nth.,th.
workofcrca.ionwuh.ldineommonoy th(
Spirit witbth.Fath(rlndlhe50n. Th(
Fath(r 5poke. The Son crcatcd. And 51> i,w ..
abo,igh.th.ttheSpiri.ofi .. " . work.clc lr
shown ,htougio iu hovcring, in ordcr lod(m.
onnrlt(iuunltywi,bth.othcrpcuonJ..
Tltu,wclurnrh.,aUw .. orough"opc,f.c.
,ion.ndlccl>mpli.h.dby.heT.ini,)'.COM'
..... T ..... O .. G ... I. "
'FC .... 1IJ.'FC ... 14.Tlot_fi..-........
...... fibofoa-. UOO),) ll. "UOO),U).
1:3; CREATION OF THE LIGHT
l And God "Le! tbne b. ligbt"; and thtrt ",as light. ' And God tb tb. light
,,'41 good; God !he ligh! Jrolll Iht darlr.nm. 'God caUed Iht [igh! Da,. and Ibt
.:i,ritMuh.,al!cdNigb!. And !liert1&las tveningandlbere 1&I, . ... orning. onld" .
Ov v, Bw,L."hcr.belogh, " wu'poken
Indfahl). T1te light.h., God crea .. d i. ,he
bodilylighr.AndGodsa,,lha:lh.ligh,"' ..
good"ligni6corh.,God.pprov,..;nil work.
not.ha.h.fo .. ndbeforehimagood.hath.
had no. known (AUGUST'''' ). God i. ,h.
aUlhoroflighl (A .. non). Ligh,iniup.i .
mordtalfotmdidnorcom.ftomch un,
which had no, y be.nc ..... d (EPHU").
GodcaUcd,hcligh,day,and ,hcd.arkncu h.
called n'gh,-mcanl ,ha, God mad. a dis';nc
,ion bet .... n Iigh. and dackn ... (S .. sn.
EPHIUIII.AUGulT,,...).The fi ... da)'and nigh,
..... no. rul.d ye,byaobrmotron (B,u'L).
Theconccp,of l-day"il no.,ob.allegoria.d
(EPHIUIII ). Th.'nvi.ihl.lpiri.ual ..... ,ldilcr.
a .. dbefor h'phy"icaJ ... orld (A ... ROSa.
.. , ). C ... ';onout o(no'hingi.di .. in.
g .. ish.dfcomth ..... hichilc' u dou.of
wha,ulI d b.fore (EPHIUIII ).
l:3 Ltt T1:mrBr Lifbt
THI AUTHOJ; 0' L' GHT.A". lI.oSl:God i.
h ulhor o(ligh., and th. pl.ac. andcauoe of
darkn ... i h.wo,ld.SII,th'goodAu.hor
utlcred ,h. word lip, loo th h. might ..
thcwo.ld by infuliog hngh.ncu ,h .. cin and
.htU m.kci .... p ' buu.ifuI.S ... dd.n1r,h.n,
th. air bccam. bright and d.arknulmrank in
fC,rorftomthcbril\ianccofth.noYclbrigh,
n.II.Hn .. u,uoN,.g.'
IN ...... LIlCo ......
ought tound ..... nd th.t Goddid not oay"Lct
th .. cb.ligh."byaloundbcoughtforlhfrom
th. lungl or bj,hc .onguc and I .. th. Such
thoughta ... ,hooeofp.rton.phy,icallyprc
occup,.d.Tobcwiocin.ccord w ithth.f1 .....
IId. llh.-Lclth ... bchght- wa"pokcn,nef-
fabl). O ... THILrn ...... .. OF
.. U1S;.>g.'

AUGUST .... , AI Ih ... ordllh.mselyu ...... k.
l uffici.ntly clut, w.a .. 'old ,h.t th"light
was m.d . Thcligh.bo", from God i, on
hing;chcligh hat God made .. ano.h . Th.
ligh' born f,om God i. the Wlldom of
God.bu h.ligh.madcbyGodiloomethmg
mu.abl . whcthc orpnrulorinco.porcal
ON THI Of
"Isao.'
THE L' OHT DIU NOT CO",. PlO", TU,SUN.
EPHU ... TH.Sn ... ":n..hght ...... rcl .... d
lo.har11 migh'"preadov.,.verylh,ng"'IIh_
ou, beingfutcn.d down. It di'perHd th.

did nOt mOv'. It wa.only wh.n (th. )ight ]
wen wh.n it cam. that it moved.
forwh.n (.h.light] went ... .yth.rul.,,u
giv.ntothcnigh,.and.,[th.ligh,'. ) commg
th ... wouldbean.nd,o !,h"night',]rol .
M.ct,h.cbrigh.n ... [of th.ligh. ] rcnde .. dll
u,vk.fo"hruday ... ,hc l unw .. inth.
firmam.n, in o,d.,.o ripen whucvcr had
.ptou d "nd., ,h 6'11 liGh,.Co ..... Nnu
0"GIl .. IlS,s, .8.);g.;.'
1 ,4 TIt. Ligl!! Wa. Good
S .......... T' o" o.L, .. HT P.O .. O ... O:I'I.U.
S .. S'LTHEG.uT:Ev.ninj;,thcn.i.acom
monboundary lin. of d.)" Ind nigh" and ,im,
larlymorninj;i h.partofnigh,bord<r"'gon
day. In ordcr. ,hereforc . o g"'" ,h< p,cr"g"
,iv.ofp,iorg.n ... ,ion,olh.dl)".Mou.
mentioncdfi .. "hclimi,of,h.da) .nd ,h.n
thar of ,h. nigh . a. nigh, followed ,h.dar.
Thc.onditr"nin,h<worldbefor.th.c ... .,on
ofligh:w .. notn,gntbutdarkneu.Tha:
GU .. HIO THH Ll CHT .... OE BY Goo. 'FCM,UI. 'FCtlar
which wa) day was
nigh,. Hu ....... o .. ".8.'
GOD .. HIS Wo .. ,. AUGUS'-.M.:
. hould "nd .. ,.ana .h., docs
nOt "gnifr joy;u ifovcr.n "n ...
... ha.".a,d
mon fittingly ofGod-,nsofa." It Can b<
humanlruid_thanwhcnScrip,,,,,pu,"it
.hilwt:h',pokc: and "wu mad.:it
plu..,d h,m: ThuI...., und.round in'he
lpolt.h ......... .. 'gn.y.'n"wumad.hll
powandin,tpluudhimh"goodnu .
Thcl"incff"able thingl had to be uid in thi.
wayh)'am.n.orn.n ..... h hcymigh.p .... fi.
alL.O .. .. T ..... IT .. TtoNO.

AUGUST'NI:God",,,h.,.h.ligh.w ..
good: and thclc worda do nO. rnun dtu God
foundb<for.lltmagood.ha.h.hldnot
h
..... fini,h.d. Two Soou 0 .. G'MU,.
AG .. 'NSTTHI M .. NICH ...... N.'.8.').'
T" .OIlI G . .... LGOO ... ...... THI F ..... L
GLOaT o. GOOD .. .... A .... ou: God, at
Judgcofth .... hol.wo.k,fo.u.ccing wha.1I
go'ng.oh.ppcnu .... m.th,ngcompL d,
cornrn.nd h.p."ofhi. workwhichi .,m
,ni .. ini,ialll.gu.hcingal.udycogni:an.of
ttl m,natton. HU"'''UOM ".S"
1:5a D", ... J Ni,hr
D,n' '' CTlo" 81,.",u .. L,G .. T .... 0 O ..
N .... AuGUITI ..
light.nd the darknu . and God call.d.h.
ligh,day.nd hCIIl.d th.d kn s night : h
d,dno,sarhc "Godmadrtheda.kn.u.:
b<c,uICdlrkneu.tlm cLr rhcabunccof
Iight . y., Godm.deadiv;.ionbefwe.nligh.
.... undhycry.
,ng Wt, and m.h,. by nO, making
I lOund,b<Clu,,"ilencciJ th. ccuation of
lOund.S';LLinlom cn ..
betw .. n ....
.... undlnddt.othu liJ"nc ......

,,ullidin.h cnlO,h h.mldc.h.m.ob.
caUcd,becaUlch."para<cdlndord cdaU
,h,ngs ... dtatdt.y.ouldb<di.unguioh.dand
ce,v. nam ... Two Soou 0 .. GINUIS
AG .. 'MSTTHHM .. NtCHAH .... ..
1:5b n.. Da,
NOT RULID I Y SOU t Mon o N. 6 .. THI
Now, af ... ,he .re .. ion of
rhe.un,i.i,d.ywhcndtc." .. iLlumin ... d

th" .. "h,andn'gh,u,h.darknclI l>f,h.
ur,hwh.n,hclun,. hiddcn,Y,,;,wlSno.a:
rhattim.acco.dlftg.o .... Larmotlon,hu.tl w ..
wh.nthl.firo reatcdligh.w .. diffu,,,dand
aglin drawn in Icco.ding.o the m ... UT<

l ucu ..
O'.n .. ou .... , .. G n oM OUT o. NOT ..
, .. G' .OM ALL Eu. C ...... '-"U OUT o.
W .. .. T E:n I TID 8 .. E.HUM '-HO SU.
' .. N: Heav.n, earth, fire, ... ,nd and ... aICe wne
ctea.ed frorn no'h,ns 11 Scnrture beau w,' ,
n .... wh .. u . th.ltght.wh,ehc.m.tobeon
u,ofthcthingl
,h.t c. m ob<aft ...... rd,cam.,o b<from
'FC.!06S. '"!h.tGK
... __ .... __ d.ubao_
................ op.. ___ ........ Iop< .... <Iook .. 1o<
............... ... l."fC*1J
.0mething .... Thecefo,..,tho.efivecrea<ed
.hings were created from nothing. and every
.hingelsrwu madefrom.hose (fiveJ thing.
.ha. camctobefcomnothing.CO"MB"TAU
ONGS"'BSISJ.l4.J;lp."
Ta . Sl% DAYS All. R"U A .. LY Due"IP'
TU' . EPHUM THB SYBlAN: So let nO one
think that thccr i nythingallegorical in.he
wo. ksofthc.ix day . No onc can righdy oay
tha, the.hing. peTuining.o the.e day. wc,..,
'rmbolic. nOcCOn Onc uy that they w. ,..,
meaningl. n nam or.hatothecthing.were
oymbol iz.dfor u.by th.irnameo.Ratber.ler
u. know inJuOf what manner heaven and
earth wece cr .... d in the Mginning.Th.y
were truly hea.en and .. rth. There WH no
othec.hing'igni6edbythenamcs"he.ven"
and".acth."TheT<$tof.hewock ndthing.
mad.thatfoHow.dwerenotm .. ningl .... iS
ni6cation ither.focthe.ubnance.of ,heir
na.urescorreopond,owha,theirname ig
nifj. CO .... BNTA .. YON GSNES1S .. '. "
T .. IIC ...... TIONOFSp' .. ' TU .. L B .. ' N(l$.
fact . ther. did cxiot
which our mind Can attain by con .. mpla,ion
b",whicbhubeenld.uninvestiga .. d
bc,au.riti$no d.ptedtotho whoare
beginnersand .. y.,infant.inunders.anding
Thil wu a cert.in condition older than the
birthoftheworldandproper . o th up .. _
mundanepow .... on.t.eyond,im . verlast
ing. withou,t.eginningor.nd. ln ;,thr
Cr ... orandProducerof.llthins pu{.,cted
tbework.ofhi.arl . pir; ruall ighrb.fittins
th. bleSledne .. of tho .. who lov. tht LOTd.
.. tional.nd invi.ibl. na<ur ... . nd ,h. whol.
orderl)arrangemen,of.piriru.lcr.atuf
which s urp ... our under .. andingand of
which i,i. impoSl ibie.ven .odiscovec ,h.
nameO. Thu. fill completely 'he cUe",c of
'he invisible worl d. HUAU' BaON . s."
T" " I NVIS''' UW''I< LOC''''ATII D.
A .. BRou: The ang'J.. dominions and powen.
ahhough ,hey began '0 exist a"Ome "me.
wtteaireadrinexisten .. whrn ,b' !" ;sible]
world "'as Cfe .. Hex"."UON '.S. "
.romcthing.u it.ecm even before thi. world DFCiUI. ''FC 9L,74. '"FC4ld-i. "FC42.1&.
1:6-8 CREATION OF T H E FIRMAME NT
' And God "Le, ,bue be a f irmllmem in ,b. mids, of ,bt wa'us.' and It, i" ' parat .
,be wllterS from tb. "'Il'ers. " ' ' A"d God mad. the fir mament a"d separAted rh. waters
,,,hi'h WtT, wnder the fir ",a", ,", from the ",aters wbi'h "'ere abov, Ihe firma mtnt . {And it
",as so. }' ' And God <"lied ,hefir ... "m,", Heaven. ' A"d there was t vening ana ,ber, ",li S
morni"g.a,",ondd"y.
OvnVI.w, God formed the.tablelubltance
of the firnum.n, by ,,"nJformins ,he naru-
rally nuid WaI'" (C ... .ILOf' JlRUUIDI). Tbe
firmam. nt oeparatedthecorporealmltterof
,,;'ibl.thing.f.-omthc,nCorp<>rcal mattcrof
,nv;l;bl. Ih,ngJ (AUIH/srn;. ). Tb. wot." Ihal
u. abov. and und.r Ih. firnum.nt do not
Iymbohu lp""ual,;ncorporwpo"."
(B"s'L). Tb.firmamen,i.,h.corporul
hUYen. whICh God mad. af"r era"'ng ,h.
h.a".nl(O .. ,.., .... ).H.eall.d,h.firm.m.n'
h.a".nbecl,,,.,,divid .. ,h.hu,,enJy nullcr
from Ih. p .. "hlbl. nu" .. (Aoousn .... ).
1:6 A Fi,I,,,u,,. lI li,,d,. W"fc'S
N .. T" .. I Of T II . FrU ......... T.CU'L or
JnUIALi .. : Forwhll faul,h.v.theytofind
w"h ,he v .. , e ... atlon ofGod,whoou\o(,h.
fluidnaru ...
ubstanc. of the hu".nll ForGod ... ,d,"Le-!
,h .... beafirmam.n';nlh.m,dllofth.,.,a .... ..
God lpokeonccforall,and 11 ltands f .. t, ..... u
fail,nG' Cn.cHnlc .. L 9.S. '
BUILTHEG n:Andl"rely",endno,
beli.v.,becauu[th.firmam.n, ).ocml to
ha". had itfo"gin,.cco.d'ng 10 th. s.ncraJ
und.rlland,ng, from " .. cr, that it i.lil:.
"hcrfrounw .. croroom uchmatcrialthll
ul: .. ".ons,nf.-omrhepercollnono(moil'
tu .. ,.uchal ill cry.'ailin ock.Hu ...
.. ,ao,,;.I.'
T .. EF, ............ rD,v' onVu" .Li ..... "
l",'",.u TH,,"CI. Auc"n, ... Tb ....... "
.... rcd,vid.doo,h.toom.w e .bo".,hefi.
mam.n' and oth." belo ... Ihe firm.men:.
S,ncc ....... ,d,h.rmattcr,,-alcaU.d,,at.' 1
H
belicv.thatth.firmam.nrofhuv.nlCp"
ra'edth.eorporc.lma .... ofvjsible.h,ng,
from.h.inc0'J'O<ta.lnuncrof,nvilibl.
tbing'. Two Boou 0" G .... E.,S AC .. ,NST
THI M ..... 'CH ....... I ',". ' 7.'
AUGUST' '' .' Tb. ma" ....... npar ... d by .he
;n,erpolition ofth. fi ....... men' oo.ha, dr..
lower matter il ,hltofbodiu and th.highcr
m,"e.tha.ofoouU.O"'THI L'T .... ll ... TI.
'''. TAT'ON OF G, .. u,s 8.". '
THI WATIU NOT RIDUC'D TO
O"'Ly.B .. s' LT .. . G ..... T:Bu, .. f.r"con.
ctrnlthtup.ntionofthcwa.cr. lam
obiisedtocont.lI,b.opin'onofccrla;nwrit
... in ,hcchllrch ",ho.llnder th.lhado .. o(
h.gh and IlIbiimecoocep"onl, t..,vtlaunch.d
oll'in'Omtl.phor.ndh." ccn;n.h . ... ., ...
only a figurc.odenolC Ip""ual.nd incotpo.
...1 powc ... In the h'ghe. rcgion . accord
ingly,abo" h.firmamen,.dweU.hebene, :
in.h.low .. reSion .. .... rth.ndm.,ttr ... ,h.
dw.ilingpl.ccof,htmaJignan,.So'''yth.,,
God i. p iudhy.he ... " ... thll arc abo"c
the hu".nl, lhll "'O",.by the good pow
cr.,th.pllrityofwholCooul malt th.m ... o.
mylo.ing.h.prai ... ofGod.Andth ....... ..
thatar.undcr .hehuvonl p.utn,rh
w;ck.d'pirl<., .. hof.-om,h.irnal"ralh.'gh,
h .... fallcnin,o,h byuof.v,I.Tllrbul.n"
..,di,iou . gitat.d by.h.tllmultllow ,,av o(
piUl,on"h.yhav ... ccivcdth.nam.of.ca,
beu"," of ,h. inltabili., and th. inconJuncy
of .hei. mO".m.nU. Let u. reject: thu. theo
n .... d .. aml andold .. om.o.,.I . H"x ....
.... o",.g.
'NPNFH.'FC_,. 'Cc:-._G-I':' 'FC_
'R:",'6)' . '"NPNFH,7t).11
T Ma FLO'" OP W,lTa. DOWNW O.
T HI Gn.T: Som"'ru! mar_a!< .hi,: Why does
,he Scripoure ,educe to a commlnd oftheC...,
Ofortha,.cndencrtoflowdownwudwhich
bdongJ nOfu, .. lIy ,ow .. terl ... If water ha.
,hil tendency by nuu<c. the command ordcr
inglhewaterlloiKgalhcredlog .. herin,o
onepbce wouldiK lllperflllou . Tothi.
;nqll;ry we oay Ihi tha'yo".ecogniud very
well d .. : movemen .. oflhewltuafre. ,he
command of the Lord,bolh Ihun il IInltud)'
. nd IInotable .. nd that il i. borne nUllra.lly
down .lope. and in,o hollow.; bill how;, hid
anypowerprcv;oll . ,othu, bcfore.hemo.ion
wHcngenderedini.f.omthi.commlnd,you
younclfncithcrl<now no.haveYOllhurdi.
fromone ...
God mll< .. nl oure, and the commlnd given al
.hefuture
cOllrle of action for the CreUul'CO.
.... 0,.,
H ..... v. ,.,. O.IG.,.,: Allhough God had alrcadr
previolUly made hcaven. now he make. the
firmamen . For h. made henen fi .. , . bou,
which he l ay":Huvcn i. my. hrone."' But
.fur that he maku .he firmament . h .. i . h.
corporcalheaven.Forcve.ycorporcalobjee,
il .... ithollt doub<.firmandoolid:lndi.ilthi.
rna,"di"ideslhewa.efwh;chi bov(huvcn
from the w.,.t which .. belo ... huyen." Ho ..
'Lln 0 ...
T .. . M.TTa.Sno .. TU. F, ... ...... T 15
Co.Po . . ..... AUGII5TIN.:S'nccScrlptu ...
called he ... n the fi,mamen,. wc un wirhou'
Iblurdnyholdtha,anrthingbdowrh.erh .
rcalhuven.,nwhieh.nrytl"ng"pel'cful
.nd ... bl .... more mu ... bkandpc",h. bl.
andil, l<Jndofcorporulmallcrpr,o.tolhe
recepllonofbcautrandlhed,sdncnonof
forms. O"TU. L'T" .... L l"n."UTATION 0.
G .... ...
):9 )0 THE DRY LAND AND T HE SEA S APPEAR
' And God l aid, "Ltllb. walrrl " wndrr "rgalhrrrdtogrt".r ,nloonrpl"ct,
and It! lb. dry land "ppur." And il .. "l 50. ' JOGod ull.d Ibr dry lAnd E"rlh. "nd ID'
""IHllb"l wrrrg"lhtrrdrogrlhrrh.,,,llrdSru. And Godl",,' rh41 il "'''I good.
Ln_I ....... La ........... __ .. __ ....... __ ..... ...,.,. .... __
OV'.V'fi": Tne ,,ate .. wen legregated from g'lhe"ng logelher of Ih. ,,.tets and .h.
IheClnh ( joHNoFD ... .uc:UI). Th.ollghth. appear.nceof,h.d'l'l.nd ,h. ronfu.edand


TO .. ). Th. wa,e .. may Iymboliu the .in. and
vi,e.of,hcbody,whkh mu .. bc par ... d
from ,he dry land"ha, i., fl"Om the deed.
done in ,h.f1.sh (ORlGHN).h il impo .. ibl. for
,h. human mind to fathom how pr.cisely God
creatc. (Guoo1l.yoFNyss .. j .
1:9-10 C,ution ojEarlb ""dS.".
How THE Sus WHIO.HFOIl"BD. JO"NOF
D ...... sc".: Now. the fac, ,hat Scrip' "''
.pulu of on. gathering doc. no. mean tha.
they werega'hered ,ogethr inlO on. pla,. ,
fornoticethataf.er,hi,i,uy,, Andth'gath
.. as"
A"uall)"h ccoun'm nt.ha.th." .......
",e'.$Cgrega.edby.hem.eI" partfromthe
""rth.AndlOth.w.te .. wercbrough.
,ogcth.r in,o,heirgatheringpl.ceo and the
drj' l.ndappcared.ORT .. OI>OX F .. tTtI::9 '
TIl .... SPOR .... TIO .. OFTHE Foll .. LUs M .. T.
THR. AUGUST' ''E: Now when Scripture uy .
"l., ,he " 'atc' which i,be!ow the hu"cn, be
ga.heredinroon.g.thering:the word.
meantha"hi.corporealma.teri obe
formed into tht bnu,y ,ha, the "i.ible
,,' .. e .. ho.e,Thi.ga.hcringinroontpl.ce i.
.h. formation of.he. e W'''r$ that we .. t and
louch. For e"err form i. reduced.o a rule of
uni'),.\Vharel houldw.unde.$tandi.
mcan,byth.word.-Iet.hedrylandappcar
.hanthi. m.nerrec.i"e. thevi,ibl. formtha.
thi.nrth ,ho, touch no'" ha.,
H.n .. th.pr .. ioll'Up .... ion,h ... rth,, ...
in,i.ible and wi.hou. form" "gnir..d rh. con
fu.ionandob.curit )ofman.r.and.h
xpreuionrht ,,a roverwhich rh piritof

But now.hi.watcr.nd .. "hareformed from
,harmar,,:r,ha,wascan.dbyth.irnam ..
beforeithadtec.ived,h.fo,ms,ha,w.no"
l e<:. Two Boo". ON GENUIS AGAINST THB
M .. N'C .. .. UN51.t:.IS.'
Eu .. mNTG RmCE' VE THml .. F .. .. ,LI .. ..
FOIl .. . . AUGUST.wa:H.nce.atth.wOTd. le,
,h. w.,.rs b.gathered together, and let drr
land appcar.".he rwo thing. ( .,thand
w ... r J r ... ived rheir proper form. familiar.o
uS andp.rceiv.d b)"our n ... , warer being
mad. fluid and earth IOlid. Ofwarer. ther. -
fore. i,i. nid:L i. be gathered": ofcarth,
-Le,itappear."Forw.tertcnd5toebband
flow, bu, urth rtmain. immobil . 0 .. TH"
L,YBAAL l wTBapUT .. Tlo,",OFG"WUIS
,.11.>4. '
T HH LO"D N .. .. n n"l EU'UWTS. CHaY.
sosToM:H,vrou ... n.d rbrother,ho\\"
God. in a n ..... ripp.d,h arth, which "' ...
invi.ibl.andforml .... and,, .. coveredbrh.
w ..... asifth.yw .. eveil . nd.how.du.iu
face, after he had impo.ed anappropriatt
n.meonita.well'Andthegathering.ofth.
wa .. "h.call.d.ea.:So.h.watcrsal.ogo,
,heir nam . In fact .... an excell.n. craft.man,
whos.uou"omaktwi,h hi. art a cerr.;n
,a. e,d.,."nO. gi"e it a namt lln,il ht has com
plet.d it, so tn. good lord do-e. nO. impo
n.me. on ,he elements until ne ha. put them
in their pl"Oper pl ace according to hi. com
mand.Thereforeafterth ... rthhadreceiv.d
itlnam.andhadreach.di"propcrform.the
ga'hered watt" we .. callcd with ,heit own
name. HO"'LIU ON $.'0.'
Su ous,. O. THI S ....... NO THI DU
L .... O.O .. 'GIN:l.cfUllabof,rhcreforc, to
guherrh.waterrha,isunderhel ... nand
,asti,fromulrha,'thedryland:whi,hilou,
de.d. done in ,h. nub. migh, appear. When
,h,.hubc:endone,m.n .. cingourgood
worlu may glorify OUr Father who il in
h ... .,en."' For if wc ha ... no''''pua,cd fromUJ
,hOleW.lCn ,hll.rcundc,heav.n.,hllil,
,he.iru and""Clofourbody.ou.drylan.d
will no. bc:abl.,oappcarnor h.". ,he eourag<
,o.dv.nc.,o.h.logh, .. Th .dryl.nd.aft.'
,he ",al.r WII rcmo ... .d from i . did no,con
"nucfunh.,u"d'ylan.dbu,,,unamc.d
.... hbyGo<I.ln.hil ...... nn.raJltlou.!>od
i if,hils'pa .. ,ionftom,hcmtakupl.c.,
will no longerrcmain"dry lan.d:The), ",ill. on
meconrrary. N,aJI.d" .. rth"bccall..,th.y,an
no .. ' NarfrllnforGod.Ho"'LlHso ..
5,5
Ho .. ' 0 10 GOD OF
Nrss..:Asforlhequcnionofprecilcl),ho,,
G ... Ul5"U',
b.ani ....
in m. cue of m,ngs which are quite ""mm
the grupofollrunderll .. ndingand ofwhich
wchavc..,nliblcpcrccpt;on.i,wouldbc:
impouiblcforlhc&pcculuivcrcuon,ogr;lIp
th.how of.hcp.od"Clionofthcphcnome
non.1tI mIlChIO,ha,ucn inlpi,cd and o.indy
mcnhavcdccmcdlllchqllu"on.,nltllllbl .
Fo,in,"ncc.thc .. pootlcuyl,Throughf.nh
wcundCf$landlh .. ,th.wo,ld.wCfefram.d
by,h .... ordofGo<I nthatdungowh,dI ...
..,.narcno,m .. dcof,h,ngl whlchdoappear:'
... Lctus.followlng,hcu.mpleofrh.apol
tlc.lu"c,hc'l"uuonof,hchow,ncachcrc
a .. d,hmgw;,houlmcddhngwi.h"a,allbu,
merclyob.crving,ncid.null).hatlhemov.
mcnl of Go<I'l ",ill beeom .. 11 any moment
mll hep[usco. r .... and ,hc,n,cnllon
bc:comu.,onc.rcali=cd,nnatu['fc.Q"T"fi

.n)"nglclh,ng, .. mClnloulslcncc,w.mulI 'M,s"6.'FClI.-50-SI.'l-W>II," ""1'NFlS,,S'-s&..
1:11.13 THE CREATION OF PLAN T S
" Ana Goa uia. 'La Iht tarth put forth uta,' ana fr uir rrttl
btaringfruu;n ",bi,b tJ tbti, a . a,b <I"oraing 10 ill kina, rbt unh. " Ana;1 u:.u
'0. "n ",tb hougbtforth vtgtration. 1"4"1$ lua ."oraing tbt ;r Own kindJ.
<lna trrn be<lringjr uir in ",bi,h i, rbeir Hea, urb ",coraing to ill kina.' Ana God Jall'rb"r
ilw"sgooa.IJAnatbcrtWaltVtnilll "narhtuW4,morni ng,A,hiraa4J.
0" .. ", .... : S,nce plants .... diffe .. n, In 'P'" nparlld)' f,om ,hol<: clom<:nu (AuGu!<T1",),
, ,. , from .,Ih and "lIcr. th.r"c ercOfcd God'. ,omm .. nd L., ,lit carth bnng for,h
vegetuion"beume a law of nuu .. and
.. main.d in th.urth {B ... SIL).Th.carth did
nolofit.clfp<oduc.planudllt w.rehidden
primordially in its womb; n,h plant< were
creaudthroughth.Wo.d(B ...... ,L).Ahhough
thegraos .. andthetre .. w.r.onlyamom.nt
old at their cr .. ,ion, .he) app .. rcd as ifth. y
w.r.month. and y .... old. Th.y wc .. cre
atedufoodfot.h.animalsandforAdam
and his d.sc.ndanu (EPHRHM). Poisonous
and.hornyplantsw.r.cre.t.daft.rthe
origin.lsin (AuGusTl .. th.b.ginning
the frui ,gr.in.andveg.nbl w.r.tip.n.d
b)' the Cre.tor, nOt by the lun,whichofiudf
is no. ,obe worohip.d (B"S'L.AMBROSE.
C"RYSQSTO., ). The grain came ftom the eaf,
not th ar from th. grain (GUGORYOf
NySSA).
PUNTSC .... ... I> S ........ .;.BLTF. OM
E ... RTH .... "'W ... THR. AuGUSTINE:H ... w.
mu .. nOl. th. plan of the Rul er of the wo.ld.
Sincethec.opsandtrees"eat.darediffu.
en' in spuiesffom ea"h and ,, ... r.nd 10
canno' be counted.mong 'he e!emenu. the
decruby ",hich th. ) ... '0 proceed from the
"h is given.eparatel). and ,hecuSlomary
phrasesd.scribingthei."u,ion ... pu,
down.epar.tcl).ThusScriptures.y.,"And
.. ,i,wasdone." andrh.ntherci r.petition
of .... h.tw don . Ther.i p.ra'. m.nt;on
also of the fact ,hat God .. ,, tha. itwu
goo<1.Bu,.incethe.ecreatur .. clingf ... to
the.a"han<1arejoined,oirby,hi,<oo ..
God wi.hed them also to r..,long to ,h ... me
d.)" [of crcation).ON \!<TEIt.

T."GU ... ''' ... T10!<OFTHBE"RTH.B .... 0l
THS G.UT: Afte h.carth.tidofth._ight
of the w ... t, had rc .. ed,th. command had.
cometoi"obringfonhfi.Jlth.he.bs,thenth.
Ire.An<1thi. we .. " .. iU happcningeven a,
the p .... n, tim . Fo. ,h. voi .. th., w""then
h.ardan<1,h.fi .... ,commandb<:cam . asi'_re.
lawofnaturc an<1.emained in th.carth.giv
ingitth.po_rtoproduceandbea.fruitforall
.ucceed.ingtime.HHx,o," .. BRONS.' .'
THUWORU.
BAs'LTHRGRuT:VJh.nthecarthhe.fd.
" Ler it bring fOrlh v.geution and thefrui,
,rce.; it did not p.oduc. plants.ha, it had
hidden.nit;no,didi endup ,othe.urface
the palmor.h. oakot ,he cypress that had
been hidden somewhere down r..,low in irs
womb. On the contrary, it the divine Wor<1
.h.tis theofiginof,hingsmad . H ux ... E'
.,noN S.I.'

GIlS ... T: "LCl'he eafthbringforrh horb.:
Andin.h.bri.f ... momen,of,im.the fth,
beginningwithgerminationinorder.ha,i,
mightkcepth.lawl oftheCteatot.p.ssing
through.very form ofinc.ease. immediately
brought th hoo," ", perfect ion. The mead
ow. we deepwiththeabund. ntgrau "he
r."il. plain . tippling wlth.unding crop',
prc.entcdthepictureofa.welling sea with
iu moving heads of grain. Andevety herb
an<1 everr kind of vegetable and wh.,.ver
.hrub.andl.gum ther. wereros. from ,h.
eatth at that time in all profu.ion. Hnu
S.S"6.'
1:12 Bri" gi ngFor/J, V'gehltion
F. " .. TH. E ... 1l C ...... THa G ..... , .. . GIlIlGOU
Of Nus ... , In beginning. we .u. it was nOI
.n ur <lSlnS ftom a g ... inbll,agrain coming
f,om an u,. and af,erd,.,.,heu, g,owl
,..,und <he gra'''' 0" .,.H. Sou .. .,. .. . Rn
u .. neT'"''' '
Do NOT Wo .. , .. ,,, THKSUN. B"'ILT .. [
G ..... T: The adOtTlmen, of me carlh is old"r
,h.n thc.un . h., ,hose who hove bun mislcd
may ccuc wor.hip,ngmeoun ... heo.iginof
life. H.X ..... B."" s. ,.
THI Fllu, nWIl IlIl R ' '''''Il".r THIlC ,
.. TOIl. CHIlYSOSTo .. : HcnceSc.ip.u.e.how.
youe""..y.h,ngcomplc.edhcfo.<:.hccr ... "on
of,hi.bodr [hesunjl""yolla .. ribUlc .he
prodllctionof tbccrop olt,n"udof.oth(
CrUl0< "f.H. hing<. HO ... ltHS "N G'NU1S

TH. SUN DID NOT CIlUTti V.Gn .. T, ,, .. .
,h<
.un .. no.rhc.urho,ofvegc:ta.lOn ... Howtan
,he.ungwc rhe facul<yoflife ,ogrowingplan"

,heJ,fo.-gw,ng n"a"vepowc<ofGodbtfo""lhc

youngc:' than theg<e<:rI u,oot.youngc:rth.n the
g,un plant. Hax"'MEIlON J.6.'
H " ... TH.PUNTSA" ..... . . o .E"HU .. THI
Su., .... : AI.hough .he gru.u wc onlr .
mQmcn.old heitn ... ,;on b"y.pp ..... d
U if .her wue mon.b, old. Likewi,,,, the
cu . hhoughonlra d.y old ... hcn.hcy
' p,ou,ed forth. wne n""crlhelc" like treu
ycanolduthcy wc,e fullyg,ownandfru".
"ero.I,ead,budd,ngo,,.hcorbnnchu. The
g,u, .h ..... ollldb.'equ'.eda, foodf",'h.
arum.I"".''''''T< '0 bccr .... dtwo.uy'I .. cr
G., .. ,sIS''''''J
wat ,huI m.de read,. And Ihe n ew ( Om .h
wouldbt food fo. Adam and hi. de",.ndan ...
who would hc,h,..., ... n ou' ofpa di, < four
diy' I.,er. will UtlU p.(p cd. CO ....
O ...
j;"
T ... PO ...... OU' .... DT., ..... T PL .... TI.
AUGUST' .. !: The M.n;chaun r ccu.
,omcd.o ",', - If God comm.nded rh the
"dibl. plant nd.hf,ui,,,eu (omefonb
tTo",.hcu. .. h, ... hocommanded.h .. there
come fon" '0 m.ny.hQ.ny orp","onollJ
plan .. . ha,a"u,eICNforfood and.., many
...,c. , ... ,bearnofru'tl" .. We.hould . ay
.hen that ,"e ea .. h wu ( uned br re...,n of
t .... 'n of m.n .o th.t it bt.n thorn . no.
.h i"hould luffe'puni.hm. n,.",ce i, ..
... i.houtl-CnOluonblltlha'"lhouldalway'
'c. bef".e.h. eya ofman.h.judgmcn, upon
hum.n II n. Thu. men migh, be admoni,hcd
byit.o.urnawlrf,o",sin, and."tt"n.o
God'. comm.ndm.n ... Po,.ono". pl.n" Wcr.
cre .. cd .. a puni,bmen. o,a,. ,.1 for mo,
,.1.. All ,hi, i, .he ,e,ult of "n. Two BOO1<5
o .. G. Hu' sAG .. ' .. STTHiM .. NtCH ....... S
,.,).151 "
E".TH PUT FOIlT" V.C.T .. T' ..... BU' l
th".aying all ,h.d.nu
wOO<happc ... d;all .hc UI, hotup ...
Likewile all the , h,ub. w.n imm.d .. ,c!y
,hickwi.hleaf.ndbwhy; .ndth.c..,callcd
garl.ndpl.n .... .. lI c.m.in,ou" nce ,n .
momcntof,im al.hough.hcy werenotprc-
vioud)on'''.unh . .
Lc"h ..... h bringforth'- Thi. b,ief com
",and " '0$ a m'gbty nuure.nc
'l=C7_PGSIM.. 'FC

an which brought to
,ion .wifd) than OUT ,hough, ,h Count

le,"

G .... T:Whenlhu,grau,I,hi nkofgraS$,

lhingu i,i. said: a plan,. a r..h. a wild animal

go>pet :" ...
argumen .. and attegorical
,he Scripture. digni,yof,h.irown
imaginmg.Butth.i .. isth ttitudeofone
whocon.ideuhim.elfwi r,hantherevcla_
tions of ,he Spiri'and introdueu hi. own
iden in preten .. of an
leti,beund ... tooda.ith ... b.enwril1en.
HSX .. SM"RO.,g.I. "
GOO,NOTT .. . SU",CRBATllnDAT.jo .. "
CHRYSOSTOM: H. 5un on the
fourth day I ... you ,hink it i. the causr of the
da).HoMluESoNGsNBS1S6.' .... "
"FC46074.U ......... .. 'FC74<A;,PG
SH&.
1:14'19 CREATION OF THE HEAVENLY BODIES
"Alld God Inid, "Ltt rba. b. Iigb(, in rh. of lb. beavt nl" to Uparal. rb.
dn),frDm 110. nighl; It! Ibem b. for lignl nnd for . UIDnl nnd for daylllnd yrnn, " and
l.r Ih.m brlighr.' in Ihcfirmam.nl of rb. heauenl 10 giu.lighl wpen 110 arl b: And;( Wn$
10. " And God mad. th. rwogrtalligbll, Ibr gr.altr I;gbt (0 rwl . rb. dn)" and rh,ltller
ligb( (0 rwl. 110. n;gbt; b. madr (h. nlIO. 17 And God Itl rh.m in th. firma m.nt of lb.
b.ou.n," 10 giuelight wpon 110, eartb, " 10 rwle ouer lb. day and ou.r tb. nigb:. ro l.pa
rare rhe lighr from rh. dnrk" e". And God In", ir toed. " And ",al rvening
and Iher. ",al morning. day.
U:O: __ ( ....... J u:x .... Ioo .... _ " .... _J.Xl Ioo __
OV .... VIllW' The heav.nly bodi ...... he
.. ctp.aduof.he primordial light, which God
cru d On ,he fi.ft dal' ( j OHNOfDAMA:;COS)
Their function i. 10 rule the day .

Th." .isn,fixdi5finctin ..
(AUGUST,,<fi). The ord .. ..
c;.cll' (CHRnosToM) with primordial
!ig,n precedins,he.un (A ... "",SE). After th<
Star., the .un and moon "'e .. ,he
dal' and nigh, divided among ,h.
heavenl,. bodi .. muS< be
oDservedHnaruralphenomen.bu' nO' in
ord ..
.. ,h.d;vinsoodn.&. (Pnul>Q
D10 ...... SIVS) . Th un and ,h. mOOn .ymboli:e
Chri .. and.hechurcb.rneltarsarcsymbol.

1: 14-15 Liglm ill Ib,Fir"""lIf ll !
N ... TUI. 0' THa H .... v ... u Boo . JOH"
OF D ........ scul: Fir. i. on. of th. four eJ.
m.nu.huloghrandmo<obuoran,.hanrh.
o.h .... and"borhburnl.ndg; ... llighr.l!
wumad.by.h.Cruroron,h.firotd.j.for
.. crcdScriplur ay -AndGod ... id:B.1ight
mad . And light was m.d. : According '0
wha,"om lrfir. i" rh m.lhinguligh, .
.. And in,o Ih. lumin .. iu of the firm.m.nt
th. Crea,or PUt th.pnmo.di"lligh,.not Ihat
h ... a. ' nw.ntof.nyo'h.rlightbutlhatthat
pUllcularloghtm,ghtnot r.mainidkForlh.
lum,na"Y"n ... fh.hght "..,lfbut " . ru.pu

THE'. FUNI;T.Oo;. G .... T: "l.,
,h.m l .... c; h"'Y'."fur ,h"fi",ingofd. y.;
no,form.k>ngd" Ylbutforord ... ngth.d.y".
Fo,d.) .ndn'ghl earli.rlh.nlh.g.n ...
,ionoflh.luminari . ' Thi.,hcp .. lm
dcd uto ul wh.n"o.yo: "H.pla .. dth un
'0 rul . ,h. d'r. Ih. moon and ..... ' 0 rul. ,h.
night:' Ho ... . ,h.n.d"". ,h unrul.,h.dr!
Bec.u ... ... h.n"".' ,h un.nrrying,h. I'gh,
aroundw,lhil . riIClab.w.ourhOTl:on.;,
pu ... n.ndlothcdarknu. andbrongoulrh.
d.). Th.ufouon .... ouldno'.nifh ...... uld
d.fincrh.d.) u .... logh,.db),th un.oru
,h. m ... ul"fc of Um. in ... hich ,h. oun .. "iu
,nth.h.m"phc .. abov.lh.urth.Butlh.
. un.ndth.moonw .... I.o.ppoinl.d,ob.
for Ih. yea ... The mOOn. whcn it h .. corn
pl.diucou .. c,wcl ... ,im m ... urel a
year.urcp"harirfr.'1u.ndrnccd ninl.r
cala'lmonthforth ccurlt.d.,crm,n.,ion
of,h cuon,.u,h.H.brc .... . nd,h.moit
anCICntGr.ckaformc.lrm.uurcd,h.ycar,
ThcJOlaryca,"lh.rc,urnoflheJunfrom.
corta, n"gn,o,hltum."gn;n,utcgular
U .. oIUllon. HUAI .... ON 6.'"
MovaM ... T5. CU'll
J ... uuuM:Menough, loh ...,b.,.nal 'on
i.h.d and amaud DOl onlr at the arTang.ment
of . hc.un.nd mOOn but aboat ,h.wdl.
o.dendmo ... men of.h ...... "ndrhci
unfuluedc"urus.nd.h.limcly.i.ing"f
.. cb "frh.m;ho .. .om." .. lign.of . umm.r.
(I.h ... "f ... intcr:h"w l omeindical.lh."mt
fo o ... ing, olhe ... h imn"f navig""on.

W""TV .. aca"B" THBSuo;. A"'''OII:look
fl .. ton,h.firmam.n,ofh ..... n.wh"h .....
madcbcf .... thelun.lookfin'on.h.earth.
wh,chbcg.n,obcY;I;bl nd,,al .lr.adr
formed bcf ... c,h un PUt in 'u appc ... nce.
I..ookat .hcplanuoflh.urth.wh.chpr
uded In \lm. rh. Ioghl Oflh.l un. Th. bum.
blcpt.ced.dth un.Thcbladcofguu ..
old.r,hanthcm.o<>n.Th.rcfore.donol
believc tha, obJecl '0 bc a god 1o which.h.
gifllofGod ... ..,.n'obcp .. r .... d.Thr ..
dayl hav.p . ... d.No"n . mcanwhilc. h ..
looItedfo,thc,un.yc, .h.brilliance ofl'ght
ha.bccn.nu,dcnuntrywhuc.Fo.rh.da)"
100h&$,ul'ght.wh"hiollSclf 'hcprccurJOr
of rhc Sun. Hn .. IMuoo;"" ,
THE 0 . " .. OF C." .. T I O ... C HUIOSTOM:
For.h., rca'(In ,h. ble".d M"ns. ,nsp".d b)'
.h.d,v,n.Sp"".,uche.usw"hgrurprcc,.
sion.I .. , .... fa!1vlC,iml(1,h" .. me,hi ng'"
,hey.;nltud "fbcingablc .o knowdear!r
b(lrhrhc.cquenc.ofcr.at.drhings andh",,
cachlh,ngwucr."cd. You.., if God,nh"
GDlU""""l
can for 0 ... J,llvl.ion had nOl diruud m.
longue of ,he hibl ical autho. in thia way. i.
would hlvcbccn auffic;cn, , oaay ,ha, God
m.d.hea ... n.ndur.h" h uandli .'ng
,hing,.andno dd,h.ord.rof.hdlya nor
wha. wu cr. u .d fin nd what latu. HOMI-
lIUO",G. NUI57. IO.'
E ... CT M ..... 'NGO. "S' G ... ."Auo ... n",.:
W houldno.in.crp.c.th ... gnauaom.-
.h,ngo.h.,.h.n"mu.ForS"ip .... ,ci,now
.puldngof.he .. "me.thuby.hc,rd""nc<
inltrvlbconv.y . o .. , .h u.rni'yrcml'ru;
,mmutabl bo .. e , hem 10 .hl. rim. migh,
appcaru ign,.hat i.,aa I vu.igfc of
nn). Likewi .. , wh.n; d.u,".nd ford.ya.nd
foryu .. ;n.hoWJ ofwh .. t'mesi.i"pc.k
,ng.Thucdar.comeabo",hy ,h. rcvol .. t'on
of,h.find ..... ,.ndfTomthi.;tbccom.a
o!>Violl. wh.nth un compl., ,ultlrry
'0", .. ,n ap."i, .. I.ry .... ONTHI L'TI ..... L
INTHPUT .. T' ONoFGBNU,",).)a.'
l: 1618 C,ca.c, ""d Lcuct Lifbt,
T .. . On. BlPo ....... D T ... C .. I
.. T' O .. OF T .. . S" ...... DT .. . Moo ... Auc ... -
TlNI:Th.Mlnich.earuukha ... "cauldhe
.hatth.h .. v.nl) hodi . hati th .... nlnd
th.moonand.he .. ar.,,,,.,,,m.dc on.h.
fall"hday.Howcouldth.thr prcvio",day.
hav.pl ... dwithautth un!Farw.no ......
hatadayp ..... .... ith th. ".ing.nd .. ttingaf
.h .... n .... hil.nigh,cames.alU'nth .... n.
"h .. nc .... h.n"r .... rns.o.u.from.h.oth.r
"deof.h.world.W.aru,.,er,h.m , ha,rh.
p .... iou. th ... d.y.caulduchh .... h .. nca!.
.. g' .. priadoftim.u.h.,
.hroughwhicb.b unpllltl.fromwh.ni.
runin.h ..... un.ili. r ..
........ Th, . would he Our "ru;WU if...., _t.

andmorningnm., .. fa.w .... th .. thi.c.n.
no, naw ,ak. placo ,.,i,haut mo ... mcn. of
th "n. Hcncc wc lcnwiththci n, e, p t.
.ionth.t in,b"p"riadof ,ime chcdivi.iona
hetw .. nth .... orluw ... call.dc ..
heca .... of thccompletionofthcworkth.t
"''aldan ndmomingbccau .. oftheheg,n
ningoflh .,orlo:.ocom . Scripturcuy h ..
aftct.helihne .. ofhumanworka. I1nce,h.y
gen ... llyheg,n,n,hemorn;ngand.ndlt
ucning .... {Then Scrop.u "rs. "And God
, ctthem ;n.h.fi rm. mcntof.hch.,.vcna tO
giv.ligh,uponth "h . arul.o rthcday
I ndov.rlhcnigh . and.odividc.helight
from the da,kn . .. :j Ag',n ther aak,"Ho ... did
Godp .. yio",ly d,v;d.th.lighl.ndth.
darknclI " ifh. mad. ,b. h .... nlr hod,es on
,bi. ,herourtbda)!'Thc .. fo hesewo.d"
",odi . ;d.th.lightfromth.darkn ... ; m,"n
",odivid mong.h.m.clvc be logh. and ,b.
d .. kn .... lOthlt ,h. d.)' i.gi n ,o.h un
.nd,h.nigh.,o.h.moonand.h.o,h.r
ltau."Th.d,) and.henigbrh.d.lr.adr he n
di."ngulJh.d" but nOt yct in relanon to.h.
h .... nly bod,es. Two BooKS 0 .. G ..... I S
AGAINJTTHIM .... ,C ..
THISTA Do NOT FOR.C .... T THM
F"TUR', AUGUST' NE: Evcryonc undcratandl
tb.,tb.r.; grutdiff.renccbctw n.nro-
log,c.lp .. d,'"on.ndoo ...... ingth , ... u
nalu .. lph.nom ...... , in,h ...... y th.: farm ...
anduilo .. do, eithcr.ov.,ifyg.",raph".!
H
. ..... ar'o .... r,hircourse ... m.wh.r.,u
piloll of.h,p' do. and Itavel ... , mlking.bClt
....)'.h,ougb,h ... ndrwa .... of,n..lOu.h
'Fc,._, PGSl'os.'fC..,Ln-_ ...... .... I'LI. "'C1
c.-I .... S. ''etc.-L .... S. "Fe_ ...
wnh nolu", p.th;or touplaon OOmt poi1lf of
doctrin.bymcn.ioni ngoomcoflh.luraua
uscfulmu"ruion.AII ... id . herc lIlg",a,
diff.rcncc be,ween,h"'pra<tkllcuSlom.
andthc.uperl.ifionsof menwhoSlud)thc
" ar. nottoforccaJfthc ... calh.rortoflnd
!hcir","yorfo,.piri.ua.lparablclbu,inan
dforl ' 0 peer in.o thc p destin.d oU. CGmcof
."cnU. LITTIU ss."
T".Su" ,u EC"OOFTHII D,,, , .. . Gooo
...... I' n uoo D,ONYS1US, Th'llr.at.lhon
,ng.cnr. ligh'ing sunis ,hcapparent imagcof
thcd,v,ne goodn s.a distant.choof ,h.
good. It illumina ... whatcvo, 11 c.pableof
.. cc,,,, ng ,,. I'gh' .lndy,,, i,ncYCtlo ... ,h.
u".rfullnu. of,..ligh,.It nd." h,ning
bcam llaround,h."i.ibl .... orld.lndiflny.
,h,ngf.ilo,orcec,,,.themthcfaul,I, .. .. Of,n
th .... cakn.u o.d.f.ctoflhclprcadonglight
bu"n,h. un. u,tabili' yof ... h ....... i. un.bl.
.har. in light. D'''''' B N"MBS
S,," .... o MOOh'AIIlS"".'O. TH. T.UH
L":HT.O. , GI,.'AI thooclighllofhca"en
,h ..... c ... h.".bc ..... tfor"gns.nd..,.
... nllndday".ndy n:lh .. th'j'm'ghtg'''.
light from ,hcfirm.men, ofhu"en to thos.
whoar.ontheurth . ..,alloCh"ll.illumi
natinghllchu,ch.gi ...... ign.brh"p .... pn.
,h. , on. m'ght know ho ... . wh.n thclignhu
bccn rciycd. 10 uapc.hc ....... ,h to come:"
lutth. td.yovnl.akchimlik th, .r:"bu,
th.trath .. h.ca .. "''''h th.acecp .. bl.yurof
.h.Lord:"Chri l t.lh.",for i.th."tru.ligh,
which.nlighlCnJ C"" ' j' man coming inlo thil
world:" From hi. !ight th.chu,ch ill. lfallo
h."ingbc.n.nligh .. n.di. m.d."th.lightof
!h. world enligl ... ningtho .. who ... in
darkn.u:"u aiJoCh,i .. h.moclf .. nifies.o
hisd,lCipl ..... ying. l"ou ... th.logh,o( th.
world:- HOluulS 0 .. GIl NUIS 1.6."
THBST"UUSYM_OLS.O .. ,GIIN,JUlluth.
.un.ndth.moon ..... id,ob. th.g .. 11
lighlli nthcfl rm.m.n.ofhuv.n.ooabo ...
Chri .. and Ih. church in us. But sinccGod
atlopl.ecd ..... in.h. firmam.n'.lc,usoc.
...hlt at ........ In UI. th ..... in!he heaven
ofourhUrI.MoIClila.tar ,nu, .... hich
ohin ndenbghICnl ul brh ... cn.Andoo
...Abraham.haac.Jacob.lsaiah.Jer.miah.
Ezckicl. Da"id. Danicl. and all to whom Ih.
HoJ yS"ipl ur ...... ifythal,hrpl.u.dGod.
Forju .... l1ar diff ... from .. arinSl0'Y .. oo
al$ouchof,h .... in ... acco.d,ng.ohtsown
grcalneu hcd.o his lighr upon UI. HOM'MHJ
ON G.NI5J5J.'."
1:2023 GOD C RE ATES THE BIRDS
AND THE AQUATIC CREATURES
:Ill A"d God loid. "Ltl lb. ",oftrs &"i"gforlb ,,,,Orml of livi"g (rtOlwrel ... "d [It! Ioirdl fl,)"
<lbov. url" <lcrOIl Ih. firm<lm."r of tht "(<!Vtlll."' "So God ( rt<lr.d rh. grtar (It<l mono
Ittrlj'"nd(tvtryiivingere<lr .. rtrhOlrmOvtJj.' ",irh",biebrbt "'"ttTIS"'OIrm.<I"o,d;ng l" rh.;r
kinds ... nd t""1 wingtd bird IICt01'ding I" ill .'nd. And GOld ,,, ... Ih"l il II'U fOOd. ::':And God
bltJItd tbtm. I<lying. "B. frllilf .. 1 ""d mwlliply "ndft" Iht "'''frrs in Ih. ,,<IS. "nd 1,1 bi,dl mwl.
liply"nlhturlh."
2S
AndrhrrrIl'0IItvtning"ndlh .. t ll'<ls morning. OIf</I"d .. y.
u:x-.ol_ .... ... u:x_'l..a .. .-.... lWJ. __
OVu.v, .... ,Godg ... ( ......... ,h .. "p.op<.
o.namcnrbr,,,,allngl .... mm,ngcr ... I<m'I,nd
bmu (BUlL), The bird. did nol ongina
from "'a'<r but from ,h. cloud)' air ..... uru.d
.. i.h .. ,.tT.ou.of .. llicll,h'y"camrfonh-
(AUGUST"'.)' Th. fi.1I and birw rup<crivdr
.ymboliu rhe evil and Ihegood Ihoughll in
.he human mind (O.,c.t<). God abo cru .. d
rh .... mon ...... 'nord .. ,orai .. f.ar.nd
cons<ernalloninhumaru (BAlIIL), Af rcrca,
ing.h.'nimabof.h ....... r.nd,h.bi.ds.
God g.v. ,h.m rh. po .... r of p.oou .... ion br
uy;ng",nuu ... and m"I"pl)- (AoollSY't<. ).
Man)'trur"rc.wcrc'''aledon,hcumc
da), (AMnosaj, cach of ill own kind (BAS'L)
w,tbdifl'u.nces.u ... in.dtb ..... ghm.. g.n ....
'tOn,.,h uccellionofucb'pcclC.ptt.erv.d
(Bu' L) wi,h.h.p.op.rti""",pcci.t.II)
recei ... d from God. Hybrids.re .he wo.k of
hu"wu. no, of God (A .... on). The ..,ul ..
nO. pre'U"'Mti), .,un.1 u ,hough . h ... mg in
God utnco.andrhcl(I"ld.,.,I no.imml'
from bod)' to bod)' (GUGOaY Of Nrss.. ).
Th.com,nstolifcofalccdanerbc,ngi>u".d
m.hcground .... prcfigura"onof,h .... u.
rec"on (A .. BIIOS&. Gucou Oof NY&SA).
AOOItt<'t<GTH.W4TBII BASlLTHm
GUAT,Ancr ,h. crca<ionof,helighu.,h.n
me'u ...... e'.fiJIedwi'hli .. 'ngcr .... Nru ..,
rha, ,hi. portion oflhc world allo " ...
dorn.d.The urthhad rccci ditoornamcn-
Inion from it> own plan ... Th. huven. had
r .:c;y.dth.flo", ... oflL1 ... ndhadbccn
adorned with , wogrcat ligh .... ifwnh ,h.
.adianccof,wineycs.It rnaincdfo h.
wa,.ra" oo.tobcgiycnrhtITf"Opcroma
men . The command ,amc. l mmed,a,c1r .......
w producri .. e, and marlhyl.k wcrc fruit
rulof'p<cie.prop<r.ndnarurlltoeach. Thc
... wuu,i.",,,h.lllLindsof .... imm,ngcr ...
.u ..... ndno.ey.n.h ... .,u.hatr.mlln.d,n
.he .l im.ondpond, w .. idl cor wi,hou,,,,
contribu.;on in Cfeation. For dcarl)' frogl a""
m0"lui ..... ,and gnl" w'''gen .,.df..,.".
,hem. HUA.M.ItOI< 7.'. '
8"SlCTHI Gun:Godallou.id."l..olbirdl
fir above unh "non firmamenl of
.... 'ngcdc.ca
ru.el lllolhciro.iginf.omlhewarefl!
Beclule lhe flyinganimabhaveace,, "in
.clltion. hip. u i, were. wilh Ihole Ih., Iwim.
FO' Julf II Ih. fi.h "",h. wa'e gOing for
wlrdwilh,hemo,ionof,helrfinl .ndguid
Ing,he"'urnl andforw ..
.he ,h.ngeof ,hei,nib .... . J ... ' n
b"d
Ihrough ... onw,ng.i n .h.,.mc manncr.
HUA . .... o!<8.:.'
SI .. I1LT .. .. .. OF M .... y L.' v.
, .. c: S.".Oi . ... .. BII.OsE'Theflven ... er.in
labo,.ThcI.kclpro<iucedlhelr'!uo.a of life.
The IU "..,Ifbcgan.obcar all mann.rofrcp.
I,I.I ..
... pt"Clwhich
byd, ..
mom.n'of,im ....... hellm. inll.nl.ublfan
tI.lform l ndth.principl.oflif .... crebrough,
,nlO uillence .... Th .... hlle, '" well .... the
f,og.nmeinl oulInccallheoam.tlm.b)
Ihe um. eru'; ... pow . H.:u. . .... o ..
,.'
8 , ,.oiG'''''''AT,o . llo .. A,,.SATI1IU1TI,,
w, T .. W .. TI,.. "'"Gusn ... , [The Man"hac
anl ) u.uall)fl ndf.ult.qu."ioningl ndoft. n
mi"cpru.ntlngSnip.urtfor ur;ng,h ..
no. m.r.ly ,ho . ... nimll. ,hlt]iv. In ,h.
,nICtbu, .. I .... hou,h",fly,n.h.'".nd
all w,ngcd cru.ure. wert born from ,h.
,. ...... l., .h.mltno" ,h., lurned men
whoc ... fully "",u ttg ... ,h . .. matt. fl uJu,
allri nd ude with Ihe .... ,er lhi .doudr .nd
moi" .i. In whi ch ,he bird. fl y. Fo,itcome.
,,,suh and b.,omu d.n .. "'"h U
hola"on'"nd wha, I m'si>, caU vaPOfl of
,.
the.UlO fhali,canluppo.lfh.fligh,o(
birds. ThUI on calm nigh .. i'pftlQueu
dew. andd, op" of,h,.dc,, e fo und On Ih.
g 1J in . h. morning. Two f!.oou 0'"
G . .. . .,s ... " .. ' .. ST TH8 MA .. 'C .. AIIA"' S
S ..... OLl . .. O. THBSW ..... ' .. " ..... oFLTl N ..
C,. ... TI1 tlS.OIIlGI":Acco.diogto Ih.,
le" . ...
bftlugh. fo"h by .ht,,a,en at 'he command
of God . ndw. rccogni2tbr whomlh ...
Ihi ngl that w '" h.n hen made. lIuIle, u
.. ., how a!,o lhu . ... m. thingleom ob. in
ou, firm .. m.n, ofhu ... n. rhar i in ,h. fi,m.
nelJ of Our mind or h."r,. I ,hi nk . hat ifou.
mindhllbc.oenlightenedbyCh.ill, ou. l un.
i.,.ord.redafte ...... ard.ob.ing fort hfrom
,hue "'".n chat are in i'lw;mminl erU'
lu.cl" . nd"b"do ch.,fl,:,hat, . ob"ngou,
in.o . h.optn go-odornil . h"ugbu ,h."herc
m;gh,bc l di"inctionof.hego-od ,hough ..
from rhe uil. whicb <uta,"l)" borh proc.ed
from our hUCf 11 from.h. wllerl. 8uI bylh.
wordandp ... eptofGodle,uloff., upbOlh
' 0 God.vi .nd j udgmenr ... th., . w"hh"
enligh.enmen, . ...,m'ybe.bI od,. tlngullh
wha,,, eyjJ (.om .h. good. HO"'L' U 0"
GENU' S . a!
WHY THE 5 ... MO .. JTI U W.,.. C,. ... y.".
B .. S' LYHI G ... AT'Godc ..... d .h. gr .. '"ca
mon"en ..... nd ..... bec.ul.,h.y .r.larger
Ihanlhelh.imp and h.rring ltt,hcyutled
grca,.bu,bccaUICwith.heirimmenoehod'.1
.. pI-
...... ... thc-. 'I .......... ....... 'Fe?","
rheyaro1ikchllgemollnrainJ. !nde.d,lhey
r"''1".ndylooJclikeiolan.u wh.nthcy.w,m
Ilponth.llI.faceofrh.wa ... .. th.
animalorharhlyebc.nc",uedfo,oll,fu,
.ndconote'nltion .... Andthu h.Cru.o.
wanuyourolHkcptawakcby.hem.ino.de.
.hlt.rhroughhopconGod,youmighrU(apc
.h. harm .ha. cornu f .... m th.m. Hu .. l
MUON?6.'
O.ITS 0 ... 0; K, ND. THI G ..... T'
The,. u norh,ng<rIlH.han.hi rha,.irher
uchplanrhu ... do,thc
om. genera';y. powe,. And thi.
forth. up,.uion"of". own kind: For.he
Ihoo.o(.h .... d"norproduniy.ofln
ollv .... e.bu,fromth .... dcome.anoth.c
, d.andf.om ds'p"ngplanu.clarcd
'orh .... d own.Thu .... h .... :upu.
forrhby.heurthin,ufiratge nerallonhu
bcenp .... rvedun<ilrh.p .... n.rime.
I ,n .h. kinds p ... i ... d ,",oug" con
.un, c.producuon.Hu ... NI .. Oo;
S:'
SUCCUS' O" P Il15l"vID. S .. SILTHI
G ... n:Th.nltu",ofulldngobjeC'l.,lCr
,n mo.ion by onc commlnd, pules through
n .... 'ioow"holl.chang . byg.ne ... ion.nd
dUt,uuion.preouvingth.lllcc ... iono(rh.
k, nd. th,ough.eaemblanccuntilltruchu
h''''''Yend.ltbcg.uahor..,uth ucc.uor
ofaho'lC.ahonofalion.ndanuglcofan
cagl . h continu topr .... v.eachofth.
Inimab by unint.rruprcd.uccu.sionl until
h. con.ummauon of rh. un'v ...... No
i.ngrhofllmccau.urh.,pccificcharacr II'
uClof.hcan,mab,ob.corrupredotex",,,,
bll . uifes.ablilh.dju .. recend),.nl.ure v ..
fr.,h. move. along ... "h "m HEL ......
..
S ( ' U P.CULI .... P .. O .... T' u RICI' VID
."0" GOD.A .... o .. : lnth.p'n. con.
naN .. ..,.mt to upr ... an ,mag. of iuelI. h
prc rvCJiupcculiarp.opcrtictwh"hil
.. ce;v.df ....
mand. and' t pcauinth u" ... ,onand
order ofth. yean ".g. nention un.il,hc.nd
o(um.ilfulfill.d.Hn .. EMII.ON).,6.6a. "
D, ... aINc" SU,T .. 'NBD. AM.aon: Th.
Word of God '''''Tf c,uru .. ,n tht
con.mu.ion ofthewodd. H.nce. as God had
ordained.allk'nd.oflivinJ;c .. atur wer.
'1ukklypradllc.df .... m , h.u .. h.lncornpli
ancewithafi .. dla .. theyall.ucceed.ach
o.h from'g oag.according.olh.i r upcct
and kind. The lion g.netate. a lion;.h. , iger. a
rig ..
ugl . lneagl Wh",,uonc nJOin.d
becamtiflflaN",ahabi,foraU.ime.H.nc<
rh ... nhhal no. ccued ,ooff ... hchomlg.
ofitl rvicc. The o.iginal.peciu of living
catu i'''p.oouc.dfo,futuI,.,bylUc,
c<ui""gencrauonsofitlkond.HIU.MUO"
6.).,."
H" ' DS A-"I THI Wo ... Of H" .... N5,
NOT OF GOD. A .. non: \Vh., pu ... nd
.. nllrnioh.dgene.a.iorufoUowwi'holl'in
minglingon.afr.tanothct.lo .ha,athymal
lll.prnducuathymallus:alu.wolf.a.u.
wolf.Th ..... aco.pion . oo. pr ... rv
un .. ain.di .. marriag.lHd ... . Fi.h h ....
fo ,kno .. 'nothingofunionwlfha.lienlpc
.... , Th.y do nOt hav. unnatunl bct .... ,hal.

...... for
rhc marc. <>"gain
the femal.d<>nk'yandth.h<> .... b<>,b being
uampl .. ofllnnaturalllnion.C.rtainlytbeu
.rccas .. ;nwh;chn.tur uff ... m<>rtintht
n.turc<>fdefilem.ntnthcrth.nth.t<>finjurr
.. anab.tt<>cofhrb';d
b.rrennc .. i. re'p<>nsibJtforthi . Hec<>n,id.
en a m<>ngrel animal m<>rc v.luable than <>nt
<>fagcnuine.pccie . Y<>umixt<>gethocalitn
.peci ... ndy<>umingl.divers .... d . HBxAE.
MEROl< S.j 9 "
S1IBD.P .. BF' CU .. "RBSU .. .. H<; T'Ol<.
AMSROSE,S d. ofonekindcann<>.be
changtdin,oanoth .. kind<>fpla ntnocbring
focth pr<>ducedifftcing from iu own seed., so
that men should spring from l erpcnto and
n h from teeth. How much more, indeed. is
i"obebelievedtha,whatcvcrhube.ns<>wn
ris ... gain in iu own narurcand th., cr<>psdo
not differ from their .. ed.thatsof"hings d<>
nOt.pringfr<>mbardnothardfrom.oft.nor
i'p<>i'<>nchangedi n,oblo<>d.bllttha.ncsbi.
ru.o .. d fcom A.sh. hone from bone. blood
from blood. th. hum<> .. <>fthe Ix>dy fr<>m

B<>,,>' I I<T1IC",'TT , I< THB RnU .. IlIlCT' Ol<

GRECORY OF Nus.;., Wc learn from Scriptur.
in.h "<>un,<>fth.firs,crcui<>nrharfi,,t
th. urth brought forth "the green herb" {as
the narrativcuys). andrh.nfr<>mthis pl.n,
.. ed ... yiclded.fr<>mwhich. whtnit ......

;nal plant again.p<ang up. Tne.po.tle. it i"o
b.<>b.crv.d. <kd.re. th., ,hi. v..-y .. ",.

wcleunfr<>mhim.hef.crn<>,onlytha'our
hum.n;rywiJlbe,henchangedim<>romc
thingn<>ble.bllt.J&<>tha,whatwchav
,h .... int<>cxpecti.nothingel .. th.nth.t
which wu a. ,he beginning. ON THB

So uu 0 0 NOT Mt C .... TB. GRI!COIlY Of
Nvss.;.: Th<>.e who w<>uld contend that ,he
.>lllmigcatcointonaru.c.div.rg.ntftom
each<>,he ... cm,ome to<>bliter.tcaJlna-
,uc.l distinction._to blend and c<>nfusc
.og.therineverrpo .. iblc rcspectth.rati<>nal.
.n. irrational,the.cnrien, and the inun .... :
if. that i all thcse arc t<>pus in,o each <>,her
with no d;otinct natural <>rder sedllding
tbcmf.<>mmutualrransition.Tourth.,<>nc

envir<>nmen,<>fbod).i,"<>nctim. antional
andin,dlecrual'<>lll ndthatth.niti scav.
erncd along with the reptiles, or hcrd. with
th.bicds.ocis.b .. st<>fburden.or.carniv<>.
r<>uS one.<>"wim, in thc d.ep; <>rev.n drop.
downt<>anin n .... thing"' 'ostcikeou'
I'O<>U <>r become a c<>mpl""tTc p,<>ducing
bud. <>n branches. andf,<>m tho .. bud
fl<>wcr.<>r. th<>m. <>rafruitcdiblcorn<>x
i<>",-,ouythi,isn<>.hing shonofmaking
.11 ,hing'the ume and belieyingth., <>nc .;n
glenuurcrun.througb.l1b .. ings:tbatth .. c
i. a c<>nn.cri<>n b.twun them which blend.
andc<>nfu ... hopele .. lrllthc marlub),
whicb <>n.c<>llld bcdistinguished from
an<>the . 01< THE SOUL .. HD THE RUUUBC'
TJOI<. "
"1'C41d66. "NPNFH"6;. "NPNF2
SM-l.
Pu .... ou Of THti BUUINC. AIJCU5TINB: ble .. ing pre.erv. rheir kind by giving binh.
God wan,.d rhe ble .. ing'o hav.the power of ON TH!
fecundi,y. which is r.v I.d in rh. Jucce .. ion 515'5.50. "
ofoffJpring.Thus.thoughth.animal,wer. ---- -----
made weak and mona!. th.r might by that
1:2425 CREATION OF THE ANIMALS
OF THE EA RTH
Z'A nd God said. "Ltr rbt tartb bring fortb crealuresj" according 10 rbtir kind,
,alt!' and crttping thing' and br4IfI 0flbttarthauordinglO tbdrkind,. " A nd;rw4'so
l' And God mad. the b."m aflb artb according 10 their kind, and th. ",uI. "ccording 10
Iht;r bnd" and .bar crup' wpon .bt grownd M,ording to il l kind. And God ,aW
Ibal ir walgood.
ux."-l .... (IOoI)'L.U,.......,..
O ....... ,B":Th nimal.ofth .... th ar. no!
cr.lled by the earth bu,by God on ,h. earth
throughrh.divin.Word.Godscommandto
.h.unhremains.andthe .. rthcontinu o
brlngfonhanimals (BASll). The sencral
descriprioninGen i.l:24Z;mightn':ferto
th. cr.ationof.hr .. di$linctda .... of . ni.
malo: reptil pr.darors and h.rd. (Au(;us
TtNB). EachJpecie. of.nimaJruemblesvari
ou.human characri"ic,(CYIIJlOFJERUU
lEM). Theanimaliofrb ... nh.ymbolize,h.
,mpul , of rh. outer . arthlr person (0.,
GEN). Th ..,ul.ofbeaoudidno,exi"b.fore
nution(BAStl).ThcglorrofGodi.revealcd
Inthcbeaut)andwcalthofnc.tedbeing$
(CHRYSOSTOM).
1:24 25 Crta.io" of BtulS oflht E4rtb
2'
SOULS OF BUSTS Dto NOT EXtST BB.ORB
CRHATION. BASIL THB GUAT: Th oul of
bru,tbea".didnot.mc.g<"ft.rh.vingbecn
hiddenin,hc .. rth.buti,waoc.llcdinto
exi .. enccof,hctim<of,h.comm.nd

CRBATIID By GOD INTHEEAaTH. BAStLTHE
GRur:FormerlyGodhadsaid:"Lc'th.
",.tersbringforthcrawling cruturc.th ..
have life: ' hue."Let ,hc.arthbring forth liv
ing crea,ure.: 10 ,h. carth. thcn. poss .... d of
life, And do ,hc mad.minded Manich an.
hold.headnnug . in<.thc,.assum. rha, tht
ea"hha ou!'No.whenhe .. id."Le,it
bring fon h: it did not produce whu W>5
.tored up in;,. but h. who gave ,he command
also butowed upon it the power to bring
for<h. Neither did the earth. when ir heard.
"Lui,bringvegerarionandrhefrui.tr : '
produceplanurh".i'h.dhidd.nini .... On
thecontrar),.i.i.rhedivincWordthati h.
origin ofrhing' madc."L.t.h. earth b.ing
fo .. h"-mcaningnot let it put forth what it
alread)ha.butleti.acquircwh i.docsnot
h.v . inc. God is enduing it with.he powot

Co ...... "'" R . .. A'N' CONSTA"' TLY

bring forth living cr.aru,",according.o.h.ir
kind.: canl ndc ... ping.hing. and bc .... of
,h rth ac<ording to their kinds: Consid"
rhe word of God moving through all creation.
hningbcguna,that.im activ.up.oth.
p .. sent and .fficaciou,un.i l.he.nd.e"en.o
.hecon.umma"onof.heworld,A. ab.ll.
wh.npush.dbr,omeonc . nd.henmeuing
"ith lope,isbornedownwardbyi .. own
ionofthcground.nd
douno.stophefor.",m.l.velsurf.ce
rcceivesi".o.oo.henuureofui .. ing
object .. .. , in mo.ion bron. comm.nd.
p ..... throughcr ... ion. wi.houtch.nge.by
g.neruion and d."ruion,prUcrving.he
.ucu .. .. throughre.em
b!an<e. un.il it reache, the ver)' end. Hax .. E
9.:.'
Hy .. " OF PRA'SH FoaTHB SU UTY 0" Ca ti
ATtO".S""lTH. Gu.n:Lu u. glorify rhe
M."" Crafuman for all th., ha, been don.
wiselr and skillfullJ .. and from the bcautr of
'he liJible ,hmg. let uS form an ideaofh,m
,,'hoi. morcth.nbeautifuLAndfromth.
greun."of .huc!"'re<ptibl ndcircum
scrib.dbodi .. le. uJ conceive of him whois
infinite and imm.n .. and who surpasse. all
unders.anding in the pl.nitude of hi. power.

atleast.h .. whichingeneralcomesunderour
is .0 wonderful ,h., ,h,
mOJlaculCmindi.showntob , a lo .. a.
regard. ,he I .... ofth. thing. in rhe world,
ei.hcrin.heabili.yto.xplainitworthilrorto
render due prai '0 ,h. Creotor. ro whom he
allgl0'l. hO,nor and power f"nver. HUAl'
THB WE .. LTH OV G(m's C"u:r,o><s. CH"" .
SOSTO .. : [, ",'asn't Jimplr for our u .. rh., h.
producedall.hc.ething.,irwa.al.oforour
benefitin.h ... n .. tha.w.migh, ... the
ovcrflowingabund.nceofhi,creuur ... nd
b."vcrwhelmcdat.h. C.ea,or, powet,.nd
be in a po.ition to know tha,all.hese.hings
"'ere produced by a ccrta,n wISdom and in
effable love ou,ofrcgard for the human being
rh., "'U d .,ined.o COme into being. HOMt

TH"U CL .. SSBS Of AN' .. .. LSI

rhr um .. "auording . o ,h,i, kinds:our
.t<entioni.c.Ucdtothre.da ..... Fir .. qu.d
rupeds and creeping thing. a<cording to their
kind . and here I believc he has indicated
what h. means. namdJ'. ,hose
rh helongto.hed ... ofcreep,ng.hing"
such u lizards. amphibian . and the like
Thu in reputing.hc enum.ra.ion of ani
mal$,rhe au.hor did not tep'" ,h.
r.pe,happarentlrbccau.chcmcluded.hemin
Ih.l.rmcr ping,hings:Wi lhlhi.invie ..
h.didno,say .i mplycrecpinglhing. bu,
ra,h .. alIcr<:.pinglhing.ofurth:Ofcarth
Ii ldd.dbcuuulhnea.e:040cr pingthings
'n,h ..... "t andalli.addd,oindud.
tho .. also.hatmov.onfou.&e<. lhed ....
Ipedficallyintended"Dovebylhetcrm'i"4J.
'''p<J.Ncn.lh.bcullar. anoth.rd"u.i ndi
Cllcd al.o by the upr.uionaccordmgm
Ihcirkin.u:and.h.y .... all.ho animau.
ududing rep,il. I ha,p,owlabou.wi,hfear.
IOm' mOut hl .. nd cl .. w . Finall). ,h. herd.
make lip ath,,.J dUi d ignited by .he ph .....
according.orheirkin.u:ThCHhavcnolllch
ficrceandv;oIentway."' .... ildh<:u ...
although . omcmlyam",kw;ththc;,hornl.
ONTHBlITIIlAL1HTU.UTAT, OHO,G.H.
5 15).".1,. '
TH.A ....... u R ..... . LB D, ., I<T
Hu ...... CH .. ... cT.n. CT,!-' LO' Juuu
u .. :Godoaid:L.. hecarthbring(o .. hJiv.
,ngnu.uruao.d,nll,o.hci. kin.u: card.
an.Jcrccpingth,ng.andbc ..... o(,h.urth
Iccordinll,othcirkin.u:Oifl'.r<:ntnuurc.of
animaJ prang(orthfromth.on artha,a
l inglecomm .. nd_,h.g.nd hecpand,hr
c .. rnivorou. lion_ .nd,hevariou nd.nci
ofi .... ional aoimab.h .. , di.plar.oalogi ... o
"ariO<l' human rnaractcrilt;cl.Thu.th.fo.
,ypifiuthccrafun ... ofmcn.lhc.nakcth.
venomou,,,cachc.)'off,icnd,and,hcn.igh
'ngho .... hewln.onyoungm.n.Th ...,i.,h.
bUI!'an orou..,.h.indol.n,andoJuggi,h;
(nrwh.naman.p.ndsanidlcyou,h,.hcnhc
i.inJtructcdhy.h.i .. "tiona! (ul1ur<: . b.ing
chi.J .Jby th. ncrc.J Scripture. which "'y'.
Go.o rh. an, .O oJuggani. and con,idcring
h.rway . cmula h.raodbccom ..... ;..,t.han
.h.:Fo, wh.n you ob..,tv. hu " .... uri ns up
(oodfor hcr. el(ingood u:uon.imita h.r.
Tr<: ... urc up for you".lfthc (r uII.ofgood
works fo. thc.,orld.ocomc.CATICHIT,CAL
lICTU"U9.')' "
Tn .. AN ..... USn .. o LIZ. Hu .. u:
1 ... uLus. O" .. IN; In.h. p.c..,n, ,Ut. I
thinkth.impuI",.o(ou.ouICrman.th",i .
ofourcltnalandcanhl),man.ar<:indicl1.<l
by .hi. which i,!lid:'Le< ,he bring
(onh thc Iivinll <rcU"r<:. acconiing 1o th.ir
kind.four.(oo dcrcarur<: . cr .. pingcrca.
ruru and bcllU on rhecanh aord'ngIO
thc;rkind: lnbr;cflh ... "llndlCa .. <lno.hins
wing.<lin th ... thing, " tha.artllidabou,
.h.fl h.bu,only (ourfoo.cd cr .... ur ...
"ccpingcrca.urt. and bu."of.hcunh:
Acco.dinll .. ,ha ..... bclur wh"hi."'i<lby
thcapo.dc.thl1nogooddwcll,>nmyflc"'"
andth",lh.w;.domofth.flclhi. ho"il o
God:"lholCareccruinl)',hing.,ha,.hc
urth. ,h ..... our fl .. h.p'oduc ... HO .. ,L,U
O"GSN .... t.tI .'

""'-7oIL"II-Io'1."FCno6O-tl.
I :26-27 GOD CREATES MAN AND WOMAN
1<Thcn God said, -Lcl WJ malt . man {in our imag . aflCT owr lik<n."J; and 1<llh.m
dominion over oJ Ha, ond ovcr birds oJ tb. air. and ov .. tb. eauk and
ovtraUrbtcanb,andovcT.vtryu"pi"glbingrhalerupsupontb,cartb.""So God ert
<lud man in his OWn ;mag" ;n the imagt oJ God bt (rcaud him; mal. and Jtmalt he crtaud
O""".V'Bw'Th v .... sar.p.rnap.tn.
v.rses of ,h. Old T ... am.n, mo" corn
men,.d on by the Fuh.rs. The doe "in. of
man',crea,ion in Ihe imag. of God i.lh.
fou nd.tionofpatri"ican,hropology.The
men,ionofhi, lihn ... ,oGodpoin .. ,o,he
d''''nyofhis lanceification and glorification.
On,hatcommonbaoi'lhe Fuh.rs d.velop
,h.,u, in 'ari"u, way . Manr eomrn.n' on
God, addre .. lOhim.elfin,heplurala.
r.ferrinj; fO the Trini,y (PRUD2"T'US).Mo",
of,h atl) FOfh ... ndl ... rGr kfa,he ..
,ake the imag<accordins",wh'ch man i, ,,e.
.. edto b.Chri"him.elf:h.nremani.an
"im'geoflheimag.-(CLE .. E"TOfAL2X .. ,,
DR, ... M"RIUSV'CTORJ""S).
AmongtheGrtek.,hertisgenerallyadi.
tinetion drawn betw.enth. imag. and th.
lihn .. ., man i. cre .. ed according '0 ,h.
,m.g . and hi.destin)' in fre.dom i. '0 achi.v.
Ijk.n ... ,oGod (ORJGB".D, .. OOCHUS).
Augu .. in 'lu.dlh .. m.n "uli.cr.u.din
Ih image of God direcdy. Accordinglr he
m.intain.d,n .. ,hehuman.oulisanimag.of
,he t<iun< God and ,h ... fore int<m.ically
ltini,ari'n (FuLGB"TtUS).
As '0 what con"i,ute' ,h. image of God
,n man,lr<n.eus mainuin<d,ha, ,hi .
includedbothth.coeporealand.pjri,ual
upec,ofma".M"st.h"w.vu,f"undj,in
man oul"r.piritu.l ..
C"sSI"".AMBROsa).Acc"rdingc"Sahd"n.
thec"ncep' "f,h.;mage "fG"d in man had

a,hiend a lihneu.o God wh.n he w",
renewed in rh< Chei.ti." faith. Apeeuliar
vi.w wao uprel . ed b) P",amiu. "f Li.b"".
who.awth. actual human body .. a c"ncre ..
repr n<.tion"flh.Trini,y ( POT ..... 1US).h
ref ... ,ob",b "urrela,i"n.hip '0 G"d and
ourbeingplacedoverth<ceeaudoeder.!t
con$titu'e.ourropl .... l<and i.manif tin
"urp" .. euionofdivin. rca."".in our free
d"m.immort.lil).virtu.andju .. iee(GIl2<l
ORroFNvSSII.JOH"O.D""ASCUS,CHRVSOS
TO").
2i
Both man and woman are cr .. ,ed in rh.
image ofG"d. The divine image ,,,nseend.
diffee.nc. (G-..$(;o-..v o. NvsSll ). The
complementarityoff.mal.andmalei.repr.
nlCdin 'ari"u."'ay",h.fem.le ... ... lteady
in rhemale wh.n Adam " crea",:I
(EPHRU<): ,he mal. s),mbolizes ,he spiri, .
whil.rh.fem.I'''p ... enu,h.souI.Sceip.
rureoa), "mal.andfemal .hecreu.drh.m:
an,icipa"ngwha,,,,u.,,happ<nla"r,af'er
theblu.inginctea and multiplya1lo .... ed
human beings to reprodua through the union
of mal . and female (O'UGBH).
Humandigni.y i. honored by the unique
triunecon.ulurion prior.o the creation of
Adam. as revealed in Scripture (B"stt.. CHRY-
SOSTO .. ). The image of God is . compreh.n
.in phr ... (Gu GORYQFNyss,,)_ lt is given;
thelikene$$ i,tol>efreelychooen(B"s'L).The
twofoldnatureofhumanityi ... eninth.
'.rm.i"'agr.ndlihw"' . nd ..... and .... "'
(G"!GORY o. Nnu). Th. fall prec.d.d
<ohabita';on(CHRnoSToM).
1:26. Ltt Us M"h M<ln
THHTR' UNBCONSULT .. Tl0 NOVE .. THE
CRBaTIONo.HuMaNs.GRB"OIlYO'
Nnu: Thi am. langu.g. "'as not used for
(th renion) of o.h .. things_ Th. command
,., .... impl. when light w.s .. e .. ed: GGd .. id.
"let ,h ... b. Iigh,:Heaven ,,:as also mad.
wi,houtdelil>er .. ion .... Th .... ,hough. w.r.
befor. (thr cre.,ion of ) human . For human
th .. e wudelil>era,ion. H. did not nr.uhe
did whencreatingother.hings.Le,thereb. a
human: S" how worrh)' you are! Youtorigin
reno,in . nimperativ . lns ... d.Goddelib.r-
.ted.bou"h,best way '0 bring '0 lif. acr,-
ation worthy of honor. ON THEOR' Gt,; OF
M",;. '
HUMaN DrGNITT HONO ... O ET THU
DnrU .... TION. CH .. T50STO .. :Tob.gin.iti.
worthwhile IQ a.k why God did no, 53)'. when
,h. hcaven' w.re crca"d.-Let uS mak. the
heav.n, " bu,inst""d.let ,he" be a heaven.
... Let ,h ... l>elight:and .i mil.rlrfo"uch
oth",asp,,, of<tca,ion_- Let uS makr"sug_
g .... d.lib.ration.collabotation.ndconfer
mccwi,hano,h"p.non.S<twhati,i,who,c
pending creation is granted 10 great anhonor,
h i,hum. nity. ,h. grea.e" and most marvel-
ous of living bei ng and.hecr.ation mOst
....orthy ofhonorbtforeGod .... Therei.h.re
thi.d.liberation.collaboratio" and commun-
ionno,bec. u ..
bidsaying.ucha .hing!_but.othatthev.ry
impa<. of the langu.ge of our creatinn would
. howu.honor.SHIlMo"soNG."ESIS'.) .'
AaCB"'''' '' " OM lOW ... TOH,"HHR.GRHG_
O .. Y OF NTSSA.: If . herefore. SCTip,ur" ten. us
that man was mad,l.st . fter animate
'hing. the lawgiver i. doing nothing elsc ,nan
d.d.ringtou. thedorineof ,h oul.con_
.idering that wh .. i'pcrf<:c, COmes laSt,
.. quencein
,h. orderofthing . ... Thu.w. may.uppo
that nature m.k .. an asctnt'"i,we"by
... p.-lm .. nth .... riou.prop.rti .. nflife-
from ,h. low ... o the perfect form. ON THB
CRHATtON OF M"N 8.7.'
THI C .. ...... ,0N OF HUMaNITT. G'UGORY OF
NSSA,Scrip,ureinforms u$thatth.Deity
procced.d by a.orl ofg .. du.tedand ordered
ad"an<e to ,he creation of man. Af,e, ,h. foun
da,ionsofth.universtwerelaid.a.thehistory
record$,mandidnotappearonth anh ..
once, but th. crc.';on of the brut .. preded
him. and th. plants prec.dcd.hem. Thereby
Scrip,uro .hows.h.t the vital force.blend.d
wi,h.heworldofm""er.<cnrdingtoagrada_
.ion;firJlitinfuudi ... lfin.oinsen..,na,ure;
and in conti nuation ofthi. adnnced in.o.h.
.. nritn,world:.nd then uc.nd.d to intclligen,
and rationalbeing ... Th.creationofm.n i.
rd.ted as comi ng las:,.s ofon<: who took up
intO hl/nHlf angle form o{lif'.. born mal
of planu and tha. wh,cb 1.1 Hen 1ft b ..... u.Hi.


.r obcHcn whcna!imcn, i. being drawn in
byth.irro<>u ..
H .. Hn,i.n.organi;anonhcdcriycl f'romth.
b ....
rcuoniloncommunieablc.andapccul ... rgihin
ourn .. urc .... I ... notpouibl. for m .. rcason
,ng faculty to.I'"m the lif.tof'he bodywl<h
ou'u'."ngbr m<an. ofHn .... "oru ndlLnce
nu,ion "aJ,eady found,"blill,ngln ,h.
bru ... rurion.ncc ... uil).uHwcr byr .... on
ofthilonecondi.i,m.ourJolllh .. wuchwi,h
.h. o,h.r thIng. whim arc knit up .... im i".nd
h ....... all ,h.,.., phenom.na wi,h,nu. m
w.calJp&Uioru.Ot<TH.SoULAHOTHE
RUU ..... CT'O".'
TH. F .. THU . ... ND TILl So .. C.UTI M ... ".

Thein'piTtdhistorianmlkui,v.r)'cl.ar
Th .... carrh. dlwn.h.F.,h.rno,.lon.
Nor wi.hou, Ch ... , hil n.,,crullon
form.d.
Godf .. h,on.dm.n:he .... y .ndg.YC<O
him
Th. face of God.: Who, bll' ,0 lay rh., he
Wu nor alone h" God. .. ood by God'.
lid.
Wh.n .h. Lord mad. m.n in Image of the
Lord!Pou.,..'
CH .. ' .TTH. I .... (lB.CU ..... TOfALiU..-
o., ..
, h. d,vm<\\/or<i.,h.ltghtwhoi. ,hc.,chctJl'C
ofligh,.i" gcnuin onofMind[,hcF01h.r]);
and.nim.g.of,h.Wo<di. rh., ..... man.that
ia. me .. und in nun . ....... on mi. ;l(coun, ,.said
10 h.avt bc.n cna",dinth. imagc ofGodand
mhiolik.ne .. :bec'llH.hroughh"undcr
... ndingt.c ... h.i.olftad.likcrhcdiYlneWord
or Rca ... nfL"f",J ndlon.icmalfloziWJ.
.. 's,o"
... CCO .. D'NGT .. Ou.I .... GK.M ..
TO .. , .. US: MOI ..... y.wh .. , "'11 u,d by God:
Le, w mu m.on ID Our and
lik.n .. :Goduy.,h ... H .... y. l.Il. m.k.
,oa coopcr .. o . necusatil) .oCh"".Andh
"y.according.o,h.imag: Thcrfo. em.n
ilno h,mageofGod.bll,hci,aetordinglo
,h. ,mage: Fo.J ".alonc i.t hc ,m.g. of
God. bu.m .. n .. ..
i . ,mag. of .be Image. Su, he uy> accordmg
.0 ou.,m .. ge: Thcrdoreborh FarhcrandSon
arc onc ,m.g . AG ..... ST .... ' U5 , ..... 0:
DUiT' NCT' O"8I<Twu..-I .... GB .... oL,,,.
" u,.O. ,o .. "lnrecording,hcfiu,c,.."on
of man. MOl e. b.forc all o,h ... .. y'. ... nd
God laid. Le. u. mah man ,n OUr own ,mage
and Iikcne .. :Thcn he add. .f<trward.,"And
God mad. man; In .h. image of GO<! m.d. he
hIm; m.k and female mad. he Ihem . nd be
bluacd ,h.m: No,,- ,h. fa" ,h ... he 1I,,:Ihe
m.d.hlm.n.h.'m.g.ofGod..nd,, .... ilcn'
abou h.likcn ... poin .. ",no,h,ng.I but
,hli. ,hat man rcc.iv.d ,h. honor of God' I
imageinhilfi .. tcrca,ion. wher.a hcpcrfu
,IOn of God'. lik.n . .. ,, .. rtierv.d fo.h"n a,
.he coni"mma,ion. Th. purpo .. of .h .. "'U
.h ...... nlhould ... qu,rc"forh,mHJfby hi.
ownurnCl fforu to ,m" ... God.Kllh.,
whil. the poosibili,yofa".iningpcrfCCllon
,,ugw.n.ohim,n.hebeg,nmns rhr<>ugh.h.

honorofthe -,m.g. ; ht,houldin th nd
through Ih.accomplilhment of the worlu
obull1forhim .. .. : 0"
FllSTP."<CIPlU).6.I.'
I.UGfi F.llltr M. ICR' VRO. D' .. OOCHU. OF
PHOTICE: All m.n ar. made in Go,r.
bu, ,ob.in hi. lik.nCII il gronlcd only to
thOl.who.h ..... ghg ... ,lov.h.v.brouglu
.h."ownfrudom ,n,o.ubjeCllon,oGod.Fof
only when wC dono,bclong ' 0 ou ... lv do
"'. h.com.like him who 'hrough love has .. c
oneil. dlUtoh,mulf.Noonea<h,c"". ,hu
"n] ... .. "ad .. hi'lOulno'lobedi.
,ncl.dbyth.faJugli"crof .hulire.OI<
Sp'.'TUUPE.,ICT10" ... .'
I"Ou. h'AGR.AuGU5T'Nfi: For why Ih.


likcnc ... as " .. hav .... id.,h., man il'pok.n
ofu .ftcrou.im'gc:and.oour:[ha,man
mlgh' b. an image of ,h. Trini,y. Thi. image i.
nOlcqu.alloth.T .. nll) .... . h.SOni ou..
F"hcr.b,,"approach,ngil . asi .... ;'l.,by.ccr
uin lik.nCII;a. In d"ng' di.dnel th ... can be
c!ouncu. no,howcverinmi.e .. euifa.p'
".1 dOICnu. hUI by ,mita,;on. ON THI T.",,
'TT,.6.!:.-
AUGU5 T'NE, NOI.v.rythingtharamongcrca
ru ... bu .... om.lik.ne .. [oGodi . righdy
call.dhi.im .. g ... b",only,hat,h.n .... hich
God alon .. i. mo .. culted. Th.I 11 di .. ctly
d .. wn from him. ifho",..,n him .. M .nd il
,h i. n oinl.rpo ... dnanu e.ONTH5 T.,I<.
'TTU.,.S. "
AUGUST"'!: For God ,d. Le, \11 mah man
of God: It would cenli nly not be COf'
rcc,u,.ayou.:becau.u.hcnum!>cri'pl"",l.
ifmanw ... madcinlh.imai:.ofoncperoon,
whcm.rFather.SonorHolySptril . Bu,
becau.uhei,madeinlh.imlgco(lh.Trinity.
conl.'1".ndyi'''' .... idino'',ims:Ag.in.
le"wcehoo.c 10 believe in mr ... god.s in m.
Trinity inc.,htumtTrinity;,on.God.hc
hid, -And God mad. m.n in hi. as if
h.wcr.[ou)" ";nhi. [own,,;uM[ ,m.g':

WHoSp .......
RV.,l: Th.nfon IctlU hold lha, ,h. Father
and m.Son Ind Ihc Holy Sp"" arc by natun
on.God;ntithc,i,d .. ,F"m.,.henncwh" "
thtSon.north.Sonlh.onewh"i. lhe
Fa,h.r. nor me HolrSpiri[lhe on. whoi. m.
F.,he. 01" m. Son. For me ha. which
lhcG ...
Son andme H"JrSp;rit i. "n . ;n which
eucnc.m.Flth.rilnolonc,hingand,h.
Son. ucond rhins .ndu.. Hol)"Spirit.<iU a
mi,dming. aJ,hnughinperoonmeFIu...,.
difl"trent .th.Sonlldiffer.nl. andthcHol)
Spiri,i. difl" ... nt.AUofmi.i.d.monlt .. ,.d
(orulinthtltrong."(uhi,,na,the r)"
besinnins of m. Holy Scrip,ure.. wh.n God
uy . "Le[u.rnaIr..humanbc"'g"no"rimagc
.ndlihn",": \Vhcn. u,inSmeJlngullrn"m

i. on in who .. im.ge the human being wu
m.d.,Bu,wh.nh ... Y"u .. inth.plu .. l. h.
ohow. ,ha, u.. ... ry ... me God In whole im.g.
Ih. human beinS wo, made i. nOl on. in per
.. ofFaLher.Son
and Holy Spiril.ht.ewer. On. pcr,,,n.-.o",>r
'nou.' mag ndlihn . .. :.lLltlelu ... h,,"' .
evcr.It i. saidAnd God mod. m.n in ,h.

image: Nor would he said-le' U5 mah"
bu'"lshallmake:lfinr'Calityin'hose'hru
po<son. mru,uh5tanceo werctohc undcr.

havcbecn n id;rathcr,"toourimages-;for
therccould not be onc imageofthrce unequal
narur ... Butwhilc thc hum.nbeingi' l.idto
be made according 10 the onc imagc of thc one
God,.hedivinityofthcHolyTrinityinonc
u.ocncci.announocd.Thcnand l hordythcrc
aftor. in pl.cc of what he had .. id abovc, "Let
u. make human hcing. in Our image .nd likc
nc,,:ScriptUrc thU"Oldofthcmakingofthc
human beinghy .aying."And God crcatod
humankind in hio image: in the im.ge of God
hc" .... :dthem: ToPETIIRONTHBFA,THS, "

IBLBWOIIU.)U"AIIUS: )nprcvioU$timu
man. i.i."ue.wu .... idtoh.vehecnm.d.
ocrording ro th. imagc of God. hut he wu not
r<vcal.d a uch. Fur thc Word according 10
who .. image man " . mad. "' .. l lill invisihle
Th.rdore also man euil)'lo", .h.liken.". Bu.
when thc Word of God wa. mad. f1e.h. he cOn
firmedhothim.gcandlikcnc1-5.Foronth.on
handh. rrulY l howedthcimag.hy becoming
wh.,hi. imag." ... Onth.othcthandh.
firml yu,ahlishcdthelikencs.hythccoa.ssimi.
lation ofm.n loth. invi$ihlc Fathcr through
rhcvi.ihlc Word.AG..,,,n Hi USllss.,6.:. "
0 .. OR.GI": Wc do not under
" and. howevcr. thi o m.nindccdwhomScrip
urcsayo w .. madc lCcording.o.heimagcof
God".ohc rorpotcal. Fur ,hc form of ,he
bod)'doc$ nOt contain ,he Imag.ofGod,nor
is ,hc.orporeal said to h.-mad,hu,
for mcd, .. i,.,.,ri"cn in ,he words ,h .. fol
10 .... For th, tnt <ay . "And God formed man:
31
thuiof.ohioncd."fromthc . limeof th.
cartb:
U
Bu,i,ioour inner man. invisibl
incorporeal.incorrup,;hleandirnmortal. tbat
is mad. "accordingto thc imagc of God: For it
ilin.uchqualiri .... 'hcs. thatth. image of
Godil morcrorrutlyundustood.Butifany
one l uppo,.s thatthi,manwho i,mad.
"a.cording,o,h.imag ndlikcn ... ofGod"
iim.dcofflcoh.h .... illappcartorepreo.nt
God him.clf .. mad. offl h and in human
form. It i, moll d.arly impiou. to think this
ab<>ut God. ,.". "

CASSIAN: Placing him in ,he mid., of all ,h.
hro,hen,h. inquir<d .. '0 ho,," ,he Catholi .
church .. ,hroughou, rhe East in,ctpreted
wha, i.said in Genuk- Let uS make man
aordingtoourimag. andlikcnc .. : Th.nhc
... ofGod
wutr'Ca .. dhyaUth. hcad50f ,hechurrhc,
no! according to oound of,helc"e,
but;n a.p;rirual ,,ar.and he proved ,hi' ''' ith
a long di.cour .. and many.xampl from
Scrip.urc.ohowing,ha,no,hingof this.ort
could be th. asc wi,h that immeaourahl nd
incomprchcnoible .ndinvi.ihl.majesry_ th.,
it could hccircumicr ih.d in a humanform
andlik.neol,tharindeed a narur.,hatw",
incoq><>rcal anduncompo dand.impl.could
bcapprchcndcdhythccycorsci%cdh)"hc

ANO MUAPHOBS PH'
CB,"lIo IH THII Pow .. ; Of THB M,ND
AMBROSE:Bu,letu, definemo .. arCllratcl r
,he meaningof,h.phr ... to the imagc of
God."billrll.lhlllh.fluhi,mad. "corh.
,mag.ofGod"llnchafcaoe ... fh ...,canh,n
God. &i nc. fl ....... of urtM b God corpor.al.
rhari "Ia) ..... al::andlubj."lik.ch.f1uh
t"th.pu.i"nIIP.rh"pilh.hud may"ecm ro
you r" made in rh. like ne" of God
... cthey
ob
lh.qlleollonofh.,ght.u ..... 'ocon,id.rollr.
,clv .. _.owC<.J..d.
ovcr ,h "M Ar ...., nO. uhamd '0 be
,hollghtofu lik.toGodm .. w.
.rt tall .. rhan .. rp.n .. oroth .. ""pIng c ...
furcl o,e
y
enrhandccr hccporwolve.11n
Ih.t po:cr. how much uJI ...... I.ph.n ..
... dClm.I,ln(ompali"" ..... ,thllsiS'ghtll
,mpo.unltou. ,no,dcrc".nablcullo
b.hold Ihe thIngs of the wo.ld.nd,o h.v.
knowl.dgcoiwha.i.noltcpo".dby.n)'pcr.
Ion but IS grupo:d by our tcnSC ofl1ght . H",,
I1gnificant, In f.ct,ii Ihi .p<t w ofl1ghli
Bcc.u ofllw.m'ybc l aid,ohavcthelik.
n.uof God . ... hosce ll.oblC." ... ll ,.om
prch.ndsouth,dd.n.mouo .... ndlCarch.1
,nlo.h.sccrcuofourh .. ".!Amlnot
uhamcdtoadmi'lhat it i. not in mrpow ,o
... putlofmy bodyl\Vh .... infrontofm.I
n_.butl.munal>lctouewh.llJbeh,nd
me. ! h.vc no v'ew of my ncck 0. ofth.back
ofmyh d,.ndlcannol .. emyloin . lnlih
manner .... h ...... ili.ou' n .. ofh .. 'ingif
_un .. o.c"hcr",.o,hca, ... har,.only'
.ho"d" .. nulw.yllf .... ll hould,n .. rv.n
bo,h lighl and huringar. Impcdcd.Fu"h ...
morc.ou.bo<!i.larcfind.nd.nd",.dinl
... ,""'.p .... ... h ...... ll ... ild Inim.b ha"
.... ,d., .. ng .... d hol .. ..;ft .. th.nm ... ,
Thcfle.h.rhc .. forc .oannotb.madc,olhe
Image ofG"d. Thi . i. 1111., how.ver, of our
loub.wh,ch arefne 1o ,,andu far.nd ""de
are.bletoenvi"g ndrcllc(1on.ll.hing'.
W. who ar. now in I .. Jy hlv, in mind .. ha,
... m"opcrtaln.oaff.in;nth.Eu.o,;nlhe
W.n. Wc .. em.o h.ve dealing. with m.n
who dweU in p., .. ia,We.nvi.ion mo who
hav. the;rhom .. in Afric ifm.rc happo:n '0
.. ..-honlJo)'th.h(llpl
t11i,y of ,hll land. W ompa .. y.he.epco
plton .hei,d'partllrc andd .. ",nearloth.m
rcone"'ichth.m
,nrhe".bs.n . Thol.whoarclCp ..... dfl1
fromu.engag.u"ncon"crullon.W rollu
Ih.d.ade.enlomllfual in.uchangeof
moughuandc ... b,aceth.muiftheywerc
.,il]liv, .. g.We .... nltomcpolnlo(conr ...
" .. gonlhcscpeopl.,h.uug ndCIIstom,
OfOllrd.ilrlif . ThIl . h .. .ro,c., . madeIO
,he imag. of God that i. pcrcCI".d not br th.
powcrofthebodybu.by.ha.of .h.mlnd.h
lith.'powct,hllbchold.,h lucnt.nd
embr,ccl iniu.i"oncountrit. b.yond rh.
horizon. I .. vilion cro .... bollnd .. ri nd
gucl Inrcntiy on what .. h,dd.n. In on.
mom.nl . heutmOllboundlof,h .... orld.nd
ill 'emOte lccrcl p!acc, are und.r i" ken. God
i.att.ined . nd Ch,i"i"ppt<.ach.d.Th .. ci.
d.Ken"nloh.ll . ndalof<,nme.ky.h ... i
... uc:enfin'oh .. ven.H .... thcn .... ha'SC"p
.lIrcuy.:Blllou,d,i"" ... hipi.inheaven:h
no h.t h ... forc.in which God il 'v",
plucn. made to th. likenca of God! Listcn.o
whll.h'.po.tleuy.infhllrcgard:"W U.
,h .. dorc. withflCe.unvcil.d, .. f1ccllngu,n
mir''''lh. glo'r of God. arc bcing ... n
rorm.di .. tohi,.cryim'g.rromglory.o
glor),ao through fh. Spiri.ofme Lord:"
Hu:" .. 'noI<6.1 ... .s,.
Inact.of .. notllon.ndofcounICLOII'"Ouls
HU,.. .... ,Tr R.CBIVn L, B ..... I To GOD IT
8 . co .. " .G" L,VI NG S .. C; CI.S .. HDQ .... :
The.t ar h. v,,'u" .hat man "ct"iru by
conoicluinganclcontroUinghi.own .enoeo.
H. take. off .ht old man. who w.a corrup.ecl
In rbcconvolutions of hi I cno.:"""ancl wuro
.h.newunc.whoi.r<n.wcclinknowing.bc
imagcofbi.CTC or:".nclh.\)(com ......
... hole.ncffi,,.lilr.cne ... nclim.gcofhi.God.
Lik h .. mg ... crific . ui blc.ndpl ..... ,ng ...
God,h mploy, hi.bod)"fo,h,,'."onoJu,
vice. Hec .. n cn,e. ancl o .. meh"wp,c.cnu ...
Goclrhe .... w. ancl ,htoffelmg. ofaUh;lli mb
nclofl"el"h.,.clificu.ui bl.fo.,h.ac.i .. n
.. fgr.c.,whichar h.ranonoJfruiuof.h.
hp. ofrh ........ hoconf .... hi. n.m. b)";oc",'
... ndy celebraung God in.hetr body.ncl50ul.
God.owh .. mrhey\)(longno ... ,ncl.finni ...
obl."on . Of Pn CT.o,: )" H ."
T .. " h . .. GMG,vn"THBL, ""N .. ITo Sm
F"uu CHOUN. GIlRGORY 0' Nyss .. : "Let
u' m.k. man in ou, imag . frc, ou. liktneu:
We pouua .he On. by " .. mm; w '!u;...,
,heorherbyf...,ewil!.ln.hefirltltrunureir
IIgovenu obebornin.heim.gcofGod;b)
f,.e ... m.h ...,i.form.c1;nul.h.beiftgift.h.
lik.n .... ofGod .... L<'u' m.k.m.nino .. '
Im.g.:L<.himpo ..... brc..., ionwh.t;l;n
rheim.g.,burl.rhim.loobecom cco,ding
,o.h.liken .... God hal gi ... n ,he pow.r fo.
,hi . lfbc had crca .. c1 you.l,o in ,h. liken ....
whe would your p.i .. ilege bel \Vby havc you
beencrown.c1!Anclif.h.Creuorhaclgi vcn
you every.hing..how wo .. ld.h. kingdom of
hu ... nh .... optncclfo.you!Su, "i.proptr
dutoncpa
be.nlcfllncompl ... :.hili' lOlhaly<>u migh,
comple.ti.youuelfandmigh.bewo .. h),of
.h. rew c1 ,,hick C .. mU flom God. 0" THE
011.1(;'''0' M .... :."
T Ha Hu .... " SOOf .. PHn' C"L E.,TO .. . O.
TH. T .. . HITY.POT ..... u$0.L.5 110"", lno.c1e.
thattheuni.yiuel(of , ht,hrtefoldm.jury
and imprin houldtncountcr ou.undcr
.. ancling.,h.invi.ibl.maj ... yi df .... ulo:
"le,u.mahm.ninourimagt.ndacc ... ding
.0 0 .. , likon .... :Look! He hu demon.rra .. d
..h ...... beli.v . Godhucng .... cdh" imag
on ,h, foc,ofthe human and hu u. ld"ln 0 ...
Image." The knowl.dgt of F .. h.r and Son Il
Imp.eu cclupon.h.faceofman:.ncl,h,,,,,)"
fUtll'Cl of h .. fa ... br munaof.he day b)
whi ch we arc formed . vul.d In th. numan
o.iginal m odclbow.heFa.her . ... c1.hcSon
were, 'o that man could aclmir. God in man

H U .... NIUNDUFuISH .. HDS ... 'T.G.KG
ou O. N .. ZI4NZUS: ThIS w., .o .how ,ha. he
couldc.llin,obeingno,on1I'anaru,eakIRro
him.dfbu l ... on"ahog",hc,ali.n, .. him
Fo.akin.oDc"yarc,bolenaturel whicha ..
m llc"ualanclonly.obecomprchtncl.c1b)"
mind;b .. ,allofwhich noecan.akecognl
:.an .... e .. n.rly ah.nto; . nclofrhcsc.h.
fu .. he" .. mov.c1fromi' .... U.h....,wh,ch
.."tnll.dy cle,,;.u o(50ulanclpowc.of
Mincl . h.n.andstn .. _.bul dilllnguilhed
from .ach o.h.-h.c1 remained wi.h,n rh .. ,
ownbound .. ieoandborcin.h.m lve h.
magnificcnceof lh.Crcllor'\),'orcl . ilcn.
pr ....... ndlhrillingh.ralcllof hllmlgh.y
work. No.yc ... .. rhe ... ny mlnghngofboth.
nor any mi""u .. ofth",. oppome ok.n. of
a g,clter w"c1om and gentro,,1)' in.h" c
."onofna.u.cl:nOful"'".!crc.htwnol.
richu of g<>OdllUJ kllowII. Now .he
CreatorWord. determining 10 uhibi' this
and lOproduc. of
bo,h {.hein"i,ibleand ,he "iliblccr ... ,ion. I
mun) fashions man, and .alting a body from
alrudy uittingm .. ,.t. and pllcingin i
br.ath u.k.n r.om himulf {which the Word
kn .... 10 bc an ,ntelhg<:nt.oul and th. imlg. or
God), as .. lO"ofucond ... oridg .... I.nhnl.
n .... h.pl .. cedh,mon.h .... "h-a n ...
.ngol . mingl.dworJhipe,initi ... dfully info
.h.yilibl.e.u .. onbllfonlYP"nilllyin.olh.
in llcc."al,k,ngo{.lIonunhbu.lllb}cct.o
.ho King .. boy.:urthly and huycnly: mpo
r.llndy<:,immon .. I:Yllibl ndy n .. ll.e
'"II: halfwarbclwe.ngru.nul.ndlowli
nu.,;i n onc p lOn combining Jpirit and f1uh.
Spirttbcealllcoftheflyorbcllo .... donhim.
f1uhon .. uolln,o{.h.h.igh owh,doh.had
bc.nnoi..,d;.h.on ha.he.",ghtcon.inll"o
Iov nd glorify hi. bcnefac.tor.th.o,hcrtha,
h.mighf.uff.r .. ndbyauff.ringb.pulin
rcm.mbr .. ncc, .. ndbccor .. ".difh.bcc1m.
p,olldinhllg .... n ... ; .. Ii .. ingcr .. 'ur .
rainedher<:.nd.h.nmov.d.locwh ... ,.nd
.o.ompl.tc the my""y. mad. godly by i ..
inclination 10 God. OUT'ONON E .. s
T .. 6-,."
THE h ..... >; o p GOD I ...
PH .... n.GuGono.Nnu: Godc .. at ...
man for noo,h.r , ... on than th Godi.
good; Ind bc,ng'llcn. lnd hning,hi ... hi.
rUlOn fo,en,c"ngupon the c ... uon of 011.
natllr<:.h .... Ollldno, .. hibi h.po ..... of.hi.
,oodn ... in an ,mperf." r",m, gi ... ing 0,,,
na,u .. l om.on. "r,h. Ihingl a. hi l di'p" l
.ndgrudg,nglfalha,.in.n",h.r:but.h.
p".f."ro..mofgoodn ... " h .... obc . .. nby
h,"bo.hbTlng,ngmln,nlobc,ngfromnoth
... "hal1g00dgifu
SII,aince Ih. 1;11 or individual ,oodgif,,;, .
longon . i.ilou.ofth.qll ... i"nloapp .. '
h.ndi,nllm.rically.Th.langll.lgcofScrip'
rur h ... r" .. up" ..... i,cont"dyb)'1
compreh.nll". ph.lU, in oaying Ihl. man w",
mod.-i n Ihc image of G<><I; ro,.his 11 ,he
um ... ,ooaylhlth.m.d.humannot" rc
panicipan.in aIJgood; fo.i{.hoDei,yi hc
fuIJn."ofgood.lndthisi.hi mlg . tb.n
,h.imag.find.i .. r .. emblanct.o,h.lrch

C.UTtOOl0' M .. t<.6.,O.1O
O.FIN.TION O. TM' hUG,. G con OF
Nns..: Lc,w.dd,hlt [man',[cr<:l"on in,h.
imag.of.h.nl.ur.thotg" rnlalld.m"n
....... p .. cilclJ.h., h.h .. fr"m Ih.bcgin
"inga royal nao\lr . FoIJ<>wiflg common lI .. g
pa;nt.n"rportnoitaofprinc ..... w.U .... p
r .. en,ing . h.ir { .... ur . up ..... hcir.oyal
digni'ybygltm.n .. ofpurpl . lndbcfor.,h"
image On' is.CCII .. omed,o ' 'y,h. king:
Thuoh"m.nnl'u' . cr ..... d,orul.,h.w",ld
bec.u.uofhi o.mblanccroth.uniycr .. 1
King.h .. bc.nmod.lil<.al,vingimaSClha.
parrkipl1 .. in.h.afChcrypebydigni'J.ndby
nlm . H. i. no,do. h.dinpllrpl ..... p .. t.nd
dildem.fo,.h.Kdono,"ignifyhi. digni.y
(.he Irch.'YP" himKlf d<>u nOt poue ..
,h.m).But'npl .... ofpurpl h.i.d".h.d
wi,hvir", . h.m" .. rojalofgarm.nu
In .... dofa ... p .. r,h.i ndow.dwilh
bl ..... dimmoruH.y.ln ..... do{ar"yaldil
d.m.h.bcano.hccrownofj us"cc.in.ucha
wlyml ..... ry.hingabou.h,mmanif ....
roraldigflit).b)' hi uc.liken.lI ,o.h.
b.,u'Jof.he .. che'ype.OOlTHt:CUATIOJ<
0' M .. " . "
1", .. D .. MASCtlS
Sine. ,his ;, ,0. God c.ut. d man ou, ofvi.i
bl nd inv;.ibl. natu,"" wi,h hi. OWn hand.
3Ccording.o the imag. and liken.u, forming
th.bo<lyfromth.ea,th and.hrough hi. own
br .. thingupon it gi ving i.a ra.ional and in .. :l
lectual .oul,which w. call ,h. divine image.
Th which i. according to the image" i, man
if .. t in the intellect and fr wil!.Tha. which
i..aording.o the lik.n .... i. manif.>t in
uchlikeneuinvirtue:uispollible.OaTHo.
DOX h ITH
I", .. " m op CO ........ D. CH"YSOSTO"': Som.
o.h.rS base them.elves on our arguments by
.1I.rting.h Go<I po .. e .... an image in com
monwi.hus.buttheydonotunde .. undcor
rectlywha.ha.beennid.Wedidno.speak
about . nimag.ofbeingb".about.nimageof
command, U w. will uplain bdow. In facr. as
a proof that divinity Ilu nO Iluman form. li.
.. n.o l'aUl"1 words:'But fo' a man it i. nOt
rigllttohavehi.lleadcover.d, l incell.i,th.
image.nd gloryofGo<I;butwomani.th.
glory of man .. .. Thi. i. why- he "Y'-"she
mu" w", a veil on h head"" And in rru.h.
in this panag. Ile Ila..< called"imag." ,hi.
absenceofdifl"erence of form with regard ' 0
God . ndman is called imageofGodbecau$e
God al.o po ..... cs ,hi. figure: in.h.iropin
ion,lherefore, it.hould no ..., uid tha, man
only;' the image of God but ,h. wOman as
well. For man and woman han;n COmmOn a
ingl.figure, charae,o:rand resemblance. Why
then i. man called imag. ofGod.,while.he
wom.n i. noc: Becau$C Pa.,l does nOt mean
the im.ge appearing in the form but Ihe image
concerning the command,which "''''given to
man, not "oman. Man in fact i ubject '0 nO
creature. while woman i ubj.ct to man,
according '0 God', wordo:"Your movement

you:" Thi. i. why man is Ihe image of God
He has no cr .. rure over him. and therei.
nobody over God;he rule. onevery,hing.
Woman.on.heotherhand. i. rhegloryof
man.becau.e,hei "bje".om.n.SBRMONS
O",GfiNEStS,."
1:27 Mal. Fcmalt Crtaud in God',
Imag
BOTH )\.1..", .. ,.D Wo .... '" '''' Goo's I"'''''B.
GaEGoayo.NysSA:L ..
th .. eupre .. ions.W halldi.cover,hio:
what is in .h. image;. on. ,hing. wha, we .u
nOw in ourunhappin . .. i. another."God
mad. man; say. Scrip'ure. 'He mad. him;n
the image of God: On. who i. mad. in ,he
image of God has the taskofb.comingwhohe
is. Then Scripture,ak .. up.he account of err
ationand .. ys."Godm.d.,hemmalrand
f.mal. :Everyon.ekno ..... l.hlnk.thatthi
aspecti.exdudedfrom,hearch etype:ln
ChristJe.us."a<,heapo .. lesars. ,h .. ri.n.i
Iher male no, fem.le '-" And ret Scrip.ure
affirm. Ihat man ha. been divided .exuall).
Thus .hecreationofournaturemu .. in.ome
""Y have beendoubl. : ,hat which renders us
lik.Godand,hatwhich .... blish .. ,hrd,vi
.ion ofth u ... And mdeed such an inter
pre,ationis. ugge"edby thevery orderofth.
accoun,.Scrip,ur'''y,in rhe firstpiace,"God
m.de man; in the image of God, h. mad.
him: Only after Iha, i.;: add. d , "He mad
them mal. and female; a di,i.ion foreign to
,h. divineattribu .... O"'THB Cn .. TION o.
M .. ",,6."
"Fc)7,;t)4)S. -IC .. <lh7. -ICor""'- "Gm)" ....
S4,S89,"G.Il028-"NPt>lFlI_'
,I< AD ...... T H u
C"UT' D'" EPH ..... SY .. ' .. N:
Mm", id. "Male and f.mol. h.
'0 make known that wu aJ...,adr
Adom. in th. rib that was drown DU'
from him. AI'hough Ih. wu not in hi. mind
I h.w .. .. no.onlyin
h,.hodrwi.hhimbu.al ... in ... uJand'piri.
wothh,m.fOTGododdedno.h,ng,o.ha,rib
th .. ht,oo!<ou,u.'p heurunu .. ondth.
adornment.lfutrythingthat,,a ui.ablefor
E who cam. to bt from the rib. ,,'al COm
ple.e in and from thalrib.it " "ghtiy..,id
.h "maJ. and f.maJe h. c .. ",od ,h.m: eo ..
"'NTAU GaNISls
J) .. ODVCT,V.CoNcollo BBTwU NMALE
AND F ..... u.. O .. '(; .N: Ou"nnu man con
.II<1of.p"i, and.ouJ.Th p,," ...... idtobt
m.I<;,h .... ulc.nbtcall.df.mal . lfth ...
h .... <onm,d and .greem.n, bt,wun .h.m
n l .... thej' incru nd m'ultiply b)' ,h. vcr)'
. uo,damong.h.m .. lv ... ndlhrprodua
....... good,nchn."onlndundenlanding.'1T
uiefuJlhoughll.bywhichlheyfill,h.ur'lh
nd h domin,on over it. HO"'L"'Ol<
GINn,Sl.tS"
ANT,c ,p"T' N" HD .... '" R.P .. ODUCT' Ol<
T ... ou""TN,UN,o",oFM .. u .. No
.. em'lob.woTlh
'nquiringin.hip .... seho,,,.ceordi nglo
,h. lelter. wh.n ,he woman wu no. ye.
made h. Sc"p.ure.ayo."Male and female
h. mad. ,hem," Perhap u I.h,nk." i.
btcau of,h.ble .. ingwi'hwh,chh.bJ .... d
,h.muying."lncr.u. and multiply and All
,he .. nh'"" An.icipatingwho,,..a o b . h.
le'" say "M.I nd f. mal. h. mad h.m,"
., ncemd ... dmancould no,o.h w".
,n" ..... ndmul"pll'uc.p:,.."h,h.f ..... I .
Therefort.lhatthertmightb.nodoub.
abourhi. bleu'ngtha,i.,ocome.,heru,
say "Male h. mad h.m," For ill
.hil mannerrnall.ueingtheconlequenccof
,ncr ... ingand mu\tiplyingro be from th.
fac, .hatlhef.m.lt wa.joi nedrohim.could
chuilha mortcertainhopeinth.divi n.
blcuillg. For if,h.Scrip,ure hid sa,d.
"Increuc.ndmuJ.ipl)'a"dfill.hcurthand
ho dom'nionovcri, ," no,add,ng.h ...
"Male and h. m.d hem," doubtl ...
h.wouldhlvedi,btliued,h.divin.bl . ...
ing.Ho .. 'll uoNG.IIU'SI., . "
"
l ...... . .. NDt''' ....... M .. LlI .. .... LI.
Gal(;O" YOfNyss..:I ,hinkthllby,h
...
andlofty doctf;ne. and.h.doctrtn. i h".
\VhilclWOnlluru-lh.d,.;n.,nd,ncorpo-

a ... epara .. dfrom ... ho.h"' ..... tr<:m .
human naturc i h. mean buwc<:n.h.m. For
in the compound natur<of man w. m.y
bthold.pa ... of.",hoflhenuurulhav
m"n.inned-ofthe divine he .. toonal and
in Uigentelem.nt,whichdoel no,admi"h
di .. inctiono(mal ndf.mlle:of.h.irn,io.
nal.ollrhodily(orm.ndluuctllcc.d'v,dod
,n.o mal. and femal.-for each of.hue el
m.nui.cc .... 'nlylobtfollnd,n.lllhalpar
.. k". of humin lifc.Th .. rhe in .. llectual
.I. ment. nowevcr. p.ec.de. the othcr w. learn
.. from on. ",hog,ve. in order an accoun, of
Ihe making of mln; and wc learn al ... ,h .. hll
commun''Yondk,,,drodwim thc ".ationaJis
for man a proviloon fot .. productlon .... H.
form.dfotourno,ur h""ontr;".nc"for
incru whichbtfi .. . ho.<whoh,dfaJl.n
inu ... n. impbntinginmankind,'nltwoflhe
angd' C maje,ty of naru.c. thal ammal and
I.radonal mod. oy which they now , ... ,uN
onc anolh . 0.. CRUTION Of MM" ,6.'-9;
11-4."
T,,. FA .... PUle.oBD COHA.'TAT' ON. CHU.
10iTO .. , Conoid .. when ,hil haPJH'ned. Aner
,he .. dl ... .. ,heirlo"of th.Jar
den.,hcn i,wu ,ha, ,h. p.u,iuofin'u
.. ,h.ir
d,oobed,ence .hey followed a life like dll'of
.hcang.b. and.h .. e ,,unomen,ionofi n'e,
counc. Ho,, could ,here oc when ,hcy w"'c
no"ubject to the need. of the So a. the

virginity wuinforcc.bu .... hen,hroughtheir
indilf",.nccd"obcdicncccamconthc Kcnc
and.hc way.of.in wcrcopcncd.vorginity
.ooki uluvcfo. ,h ... u<>n.hu,hcy had
proved unworthy of.uch a degr.cofgood
thingl,andinluplacc,hcpraniofon,cr
eourae,ooltoyc,fo,thcfuturc.Ho .. ,UI.50N
GINu,s,l.n."
1:28 HUMAN P ROCREATION
AND LORDSHIP OVER C R EAT ION
ll"nd God /tlcurd 11,.,,,. and God loid II' 11..,,, . "Sc / ruil/>l1 a"d m>lllipl" And flU Ihr rarth
andJ>l.bdwr il;andha"cdomi,,;on ovcr thrjiJh o/lhr .. a and.wcrlh. /ti.d. o/thr" .. anJ
lIving Ihing ILal movu upon ILt .",,1.."
OVU.VIIIW: The ,n,reue of .he hum.n race
poftdproblcml fo. ,heFatheu.Gclleully
the), .ffi,medtha,thec<>mnu.ndto in"eau

fall. when human rcproduCfion would ha ...
,akcnplu.bysomemeanootherthan
th,<>ugbluualintcre<>u,n(AUGIISTII<E., M.u
,,,,us THiCoNFESSOII.). for ,hcyscnenlly

in.cndcdtoformav;rginalcouplc.Augu .. ine.
howcvcr.camctothev,.,,.ha,.uualdiffe,
entlatlon and ,uual uni<>n wc .. plrt of God,
original plan.eventh<>ugh.he fall in.crvcned
The eXOent <>fhuman au,hori,y <>vcrthc anj
mab "u a I;gn of God , love for humanlt)
(CltIlY50Sro .. ). However. thll powe, "u 101<
an .. ,hc .;n(AuGusn ... ).
MaJe and femal. arc commanckd ' 0
;ncrun and multiply OOHN OF O"' ... Uc:IIS) .
Therc"nodcprecia"ono{marr,aSCln,h.
patron, m.nprct.ation of Gcnw. 1:211 (Gall(;.
oay 0' NySu). kind. of ;ncrcal. mu" be
dillinguil hed: ofbod)" and of.oul
Since ou,humani' r panakuo(,he.nimal
GP.Hu,s ':J.I
(G ... GO"V Of !'<YS54), W<t art '0
gain con,roI Oyer irrational alpen. of OUf'
(B"SIL).Alt hough oexual
the upub,on from paradi ... l uffi

.. ,. in ,he nUrfll.eof
children (A"""ST,,,,.j.
Two K, ,,,oi OF l "'c ..... ".G ... OOUOf
NUSA:Th.'" a.e r...., way. to;ncr ..... ' in
rh. body and in the l oul . Th. 10111 inc.u ...
byedllcation,prog",u,ng ,o"'ard completion;
rh. bodl' ,ncr.asu (by gro"'ing) from .mall ro
large. H. ,old,thc fon, ,hc nnltl ani.
malo ' 0 inc", .... by ,h.deye!opm.nt of,he
body. Bu o 11. h ..... idlI\c"'a .. in th. inn.r
pe'JOn along "'"yo ",hlCh Lcod.o", .. d God.
Thi,waowhatPauldid,inhi lfl rc"hingou,
,owardwha,layahcad.ndfo.gcmng .. hatli.
behind. ' Th'$ io godly ,n .. 0 ... THE 0 .. ,
.. ,"'0' M ..... !
No O .... IC' .. VIO .. OF M ...... , .. o . G ... ,.O"y
or Nnu:Le,noon h,nk.ha,wed.prcci
at. marri.s.ao an inlri,",ion. W r.w.n
.. " ha,,,i.nota.,,ang ,oGod. bJ ....
'ng .... B .. ,our, ... ofm.o" ... g .... hio,that
whilcrh.purounofhuvcnlyth,ng houldbe
a manofi,.,corc.y.'ifhecan ... t .hcadvan.
tag .. of marriagc with oob.i.tyand modcra
pioe'hi.wayof"",ins
O"VI.,.'NITV8. '
"INC. IlAU .. NDMIILTI PL ... R ...... TDTH.
1'."' 00 ... S'I<.AIIGU$T'N""Onei.
compl ..
Ihould undernandth ... n,onofmaLc and
f.m.J.bcforclin.aowellao.h.bL ... ing.hll
oa.dln ... ",. andmllluply,andg.neratcand
fill th. nrth: Should w . .. ndcmandi.in ..
phyoicalmanncro.opiflluaUy,Fo ...,arc
pcrmi"ed,ounde .. ,andit'pinruaJlyand.o
bclicv(fhat;t ... .. lf(cun.
diryaft.r.in.Forrh.rcwufirltrhe,hu.e
unionofmalcandf.male. of.heformcr,o
.111., oflh. Iattcr.oobcy, and.h.'" ,,u.h
opiritualoff,pflngofin,clhgibleand,mmo.
taljoy.filLing.hecanh, th., il. g;ving lif. ' 0
th.body andruJingn.Tha,il. manJOheld
!thcbod,].ubjltb",heupericn,edfrom
it nO oppo.i . ionor.rouble.We.hould
b .. li ..... h i ..... uthil way,.in .. . hey wcr.
no.ye.childrenofthilworldbdorc.hey
. inned. Fo. the children oflhioworldgcner
atc and a. e gen.ratcd,u.he l..ord UYI . when
he.howl lhuw.lho ..
thilcarnalgcnerallonincompa"oonwnh.h.
fururcliferhatilpromi d,o ... ,Two

' CH ..... NS
W H n H C H .... T O" ... CO .... TUB Or", .
1. 01< BaTwuH M .. u .. ND F ..... u . M .. x,
1I
.. us THBCONPUSOa: l"ddbcins inhimnJf
.heun,v.ru!un,onofall,!Chrilt] h ... llan.d
wirhou'{luuaI Jdivi.ionandbccom.th.
pe.f.c, humanbc,nS, huingf.orn .... onollt
accoun, and in acCotd..a" cc wlthollt na,urc.
.v.rythinstha'w ...... nd lack.ngnoth,ng.
no need Oflh.
naturalint ... ou.lCofmarriag ln.hiowayh.
ohowitd, l.hink,.hatrhe"w;llpcmapo
anoth .. ",a).fo.el<nown.o God. for human
bcingl,oincrca .. ,if ,h.fi ... human bcinS
had kcp' th.commandmen, and not cu,him
sclfdown,oananinuJ.u.tbrabusinshll
own prope, powe". Th ... God. mad. ... an hu
dOlltaway wi,hlh.difi'e n.eandd,y,"ionof
'1'IIiI.I<l).'GN(ls46-f7. 'NPNFlI,ISHI. 'FC",TI.1L
'Hoi> .. L).
naOJI'fc'nromalcandkmalc .... hichhum .. n
n.OJrc'nno ..... .. tion.u
... ouldper
hap. h .... Men pOSlil>1e.
TIU4' !
AD ........ 0 EVil .. SIIJ: U .. l B olIlI
THIF .. LL.Au(lUST, ... olfonelhouldllk ... hy
It WU nccu ..... r th .. t .. helper l>c made for
man h ... nl .... cr.h ..... elnlmoltprol>.l>I.i.
.h.tlt .. .. ..
, the il" .he pro
ducuon of .. plan. from the union of.he rwo,
Thil purpo.e w15 d.dared in .h. original cr.
".,on of Ih. worldo"M .. le Ind fem .. l. he mad
hem. And God blas.d them .nd ..,id.
Jncrcu ... ndmul.iplyandfiU.hcc .... hand
.ubdllelt:"Thi.realOnfor cnuionllnd
unIon ofm .. le and femalc .... wcll .... hi. t.1 .....
tng . .. ... no,al>tog .. ted .. ftcr th. "n.nd pun
.. hm.ntofm .. n.lti. l>y .. irtu.ofrhi.l>leOling
rh .. ,hc .. rrh is nowfill.d with humlnl>e;ng.
..... olul>duci . Althoughit ....... f ... , ...
upllllion of the m .. n and wom.n from par ...
dl ......... thcyc .. m og hcrin.ulI .. lintcr
rou" ndMgotchild .. n, .. ccordingto
SC"ptur . nncrthc!e ... ldonor .......... .
could h ..... prohil>it.d them from h.onor .. l>Ic
nup" .. Junionand"thel>cdundcfil.d"' .v.nin
p .... di.c.God could h.v.granted them lhi. if
thcyhadlivcdin.fai,hflllandjuumanncrin
obcdicnlandholY,"T'V'cctohim . o.h .. ,
wlt"ou,,"etumultuOIlI.rdorofp.uion .. nd
wllhou, .. nylal>o ... ndpainof c .. lldl>i .. h.of{.
.prlng ... ouldl>cl>ornfromthcir.d. ln'''i.
cI.$C.thcpurpo.cwould noll>cloh.vcchil.
dr.nlucucdingparcnuwhod,.. R .. lhcr
tho" ,,hoh.d t.cgo,tenchildren "'ould
rcmlin ln.heprimcoflife . ndwouldmlin.
u,nth.orphy&icaJur.ngthfromth.t eof
Ilfcthuh .. dl>c .. npl .. n.cdinparadl".Thol"
... howouldl>cl>orn would devtlop,(>theum.
.. a .. and ewenll1 .. 11,. w".n ,h. dctcrmlncd
numl>cr ... ouldMcompICle,ifaIlHwejll"and
ol>.di.n,liwU,thu .. wouldl>c.rran.(orm ..
,ion.ThIl.wi.houtanrdu,hrheirnatllr .. l
I>odi wouldrcc.iv ... n ...... quality.inc he)'
obcycdcnrycornmandofthe,plritthatrulcd
th .. rn.Wi,hth ... pi.i."loneivifying .... rn,
wi.hou ... nyhclpfromrorpor ... lnouruh
mcnt,.hcywouldl>cc"n.dlp",ru .. lho,h ...
Thu could hu.l>ccn if.h. ,,"nlgn.IIDn of
God.comm.ndhadnotm.rit.d th'pun,,",
mcn,ofdu,h.O"THaL'TfiRAL IHTUPUTA
TIQNO.G1NU'S9+S6.'
TH. NUPT''' L BUUU"G RII .. "' ... " AFTU.
SIN A .... .. 1I.0.AuGusTl .. F ... l>c " ,hen
from .... thecouple.h wcr.
p]uNlnp .. r.d, .. wouldhuer,.lfincd
throughthi .luSl .which,hlmcd,h.mln, o
covering.ho.eorg.n.,th . ... ord. pronounccd
l>y GocI in hi. l>1.uing:"lncrc .. " and mulripl l
Indfill,hcurth:Fori. waoonl)'.ftcrman
.inncd.luthi. JuJlarole;i.wuaircrman
linn.dlhathi.n .. rurall>cing. ...... 'nlngth.
len .. oflh .. mcl>u.losing'h .. tdomln ..
which.hl>ody"u.,,l>jcctlncvcrypart , fe!:
..ndno.iccd ..... nl>huhcdll and conc ... l.d
thltlult .The nupti .. ll>lc int;.howeve.,
whercb, .hepait,join.dinmarriagt, w.rcto
incrclle .. ndmultiplr .. ndfillth .... rth.
rcm .. in.d m force ev.n ... he" .hc), SInned, ..
ir .. ... g'ycnl>cforc .... cy."'nec!., forlupur .
po ........ om .. kci.d ... r.ha'thepn><:rc .... on
of children "a p"rlOflh. glory o(marriage
Indno.ofth'pun"hmcntof"n.C'TYOP
GOD,..1I,'
G .. " .... ODO .. , .. ,O .. OV TH' 8 .... TS
W'THIN. GUGOn OF Nnu: "You will .ul .
ovu uvag. hus .. : How ,hough. you may
uk "IC"I h ... ea bu" ... i,h,n!AcruaIJy.
Ih .. eau.myriad . countlusnumbuof
beuts wilhinyou.You.houldno,,..ke
off.n inlh ... wo.d . Ragei,a.m.lJbeul.
y" ... nydoll
morc.nag.! I. nO'lhetrucherollllollJ like
f.c. h h ...... k.d in fron, of. be .... d.n! !s
nOI.hchypocri .. abcall! ... [Rul. j .h.n
'h.bea"" n.id.you.RuJ.your
Ihoullhu , o,ha,you willb.com ruluov ..
aIJ.hinll'. SOlh .....
pl)WOT 10 .ul'l)v alllivinll.hing'
.. ou.",,1 ..... 0"'TH.
O"rG'"Of M ..... IO
Hu ...... ,TTP ... T .. " .. o.A .. ... .. LN .. Tu ... ;.
GlIGoar or Nnu: A,bru .. lif. firs.
cn .. r.d,nlOlhcworldandman ... ook
IOmcth,ngofthcirnuurc {lmcan.h.mod.of
g.n.rauon).hcaccl)rd,nllly,ooka,.hc .. mc
lime a Ih .. eof,heo,herau.ibu, contcm
pl ... d,n,haln.ture. Fo.theliken ... ofman
0 God Ii not found in angcr.nor i. pl ... u
m.rkof.hc.upcriornaturc;c""ard,, IIO.
.ndholdn and.h.d ircofga'n nd,h.
d .. lihoflo ... and.lI.h.lik aref .... mo ... d
f.om.ha'J<amp ... hichind" .... di.ini.y
Th ....... ib", . th.n. huma .. n.'ur ook.o
II.elff.om,h . id.of,h.h.u .... ONT>
C .... T'O .. OF M .. s,8"" ."
AUT>.O.'TYO .... 6 . .. UI R ........ CT.GoO'.
LOVB FOll; HII ...... 'TY. C .. ",nOSTO .. , So.
.. f"r .... y'ngmal.andf.mal.h.mad h.m
... hougbtohc"o,,a blc,"ngonncbof
.... d.h.m'"th.
word . lncr .... andmulliplrfillth.cartb
... con.rolof
th.S.hof.hc .... :fkhold.h ... markahk
.. word.,
";nc .. &KandmulliplyandfiUth ... rth:any'
on.could ... ..... id of . h. b,u .. t.e ... ,. and
thc"p,ileoalik . wh.reullaind""""ionand
hn. con. rol " arc dir."ed.o . he man and
woma",S", ,h. Lord.lo .. ingkindn .... : .... "
beforccrc.llng,h.m. h.makesth.mlha .. in
.hi. con.rol and bcs,ow. o" ,h.m.hehl ... ing.
"Ha ... con.rol".h cE,"ay "oflh.fi.hofth.
, ... ch.bird,ofhu ... nandallth ..... l . th.
whol ... rth and all the repcil .. crcep,ng""
... ch ..
acterofthli.uthority!Didyounot'ceallct<
... dlhinllplacedllnd<r.h.controlof.hi.
pank\llarbeing!Sol\OlOllger.ntcrtainc""ual
imp .,ion.of ,hi lrationalh.ingbulr .. her
r .. liuth.n .. n, of th ...... m and th. Lord'.
mallnanimi'y .owardi'2Ildb(amu.d hil
beyond all .dhng. Ho .. ,uuo" G ... as,s
'. 9.
'
)
Hu ...... Pown. OVB. T .. B 6 .un. AUGu. ,
T",.,A,<imcstheManich .. can. a.llOuk,"!n
wha .... ""didmanr .. cei ... powcro .. erth
!Uh ..... nd ,h. bi.,u ofh ..... " and.1I
.h. cattl. and ",ild anim.lll For ........ ha<
men ... killed by many wild an,mal.and.hat
m.nyhird.h.rmu.,.,h.nw ... an o .. oid
th.mor.ocaptu ... h.m. though .... ofr. n
unno,.lnwhat.en,c.h .. ndidw ... <c"',,
po ... erover.hucl"On,hllpoin.thcy,hould
fi ... be .old.hat\heym.k ... biGm,ttah
... hcn.hcyconlider man afrer li n, wh.n h.
hube .. ncondcmncd,,,,hemortalityoflhi.
lifeandh .. lollthatperfect;onby whkhh.
,,aomadc,n,h.imagcofth.GocI. 6u,.ven
man ... aofcond.mn .. ionin.ol uch
tha< h rule. many animals. For rhough
un killed by man)' wild animals on
accounr of.be fragili.y of hi. bod)'. he can be
by although h tarn", vuy man)'
and nearly ail of .hem. Two BOOKSONGBNE'

b.CR ... n .. NPMuLT' 1'Cy, JOHNOFD ..
.... ... ion, ... tOpre.
"enj,beweartngoutandd.,truc.ionof.h.
nc.bydea.h,marriag. "" u devi .ed.ha"h.
ncc of men maybe preseTVed.hcough ,he

But.hel'will perhap. aok, Wha. then is the
meaningof-maleondfemol.-and"Befruitful
and multiply", ln on.wer welh.U .ay that "Be
frui,ful and multipl y" does no, al together

nection, For God had power t o mul.iply.he
raceaJ.oindiffe .... kept ,he
precep. unbrohn '0 the end. But God. who

Itnowinginhi.ro .... knowledgethat.hey
would fall intotran.grellion
be condemned.ode .. h. anticipated this and
madc "mole and female: and bade ,hem
frui.ful and mulfiplj"." 0..' TH! ORTHO<>OX
FAITH ...... . "
1:29 30 PLANTS AND FRUITS A R E FOOD
FO R HUMANS AND BEASTS
Z'Alld God ,aid, "Bt hold. I givtn YOIl tvcry yidding .ud which i. "POll Ihc facT
of allth. and r vrry Iru with jud in il< fT wil : yow sbaH hav. thtm for food. )<l And ID
rvrry "rast'oftbt and to cvuy "ird air, and to Iba! "e,ps OM th,
tarrh, everylhi ng thal ba. th. brrath oflif., I bavt givtM tvu),grc," planlfor food. " And it
Ovn.V1HW: Originally God permitteci ,h. use also human affcc,""",
of foods fTom vogeu.ion.fba,i . egeable. (ORlGll" ),
.nd the frui" of ,h r ... (ORlGE",N""ATfA"
GR1!GOR" OF NYSSA). Borh .n ... m.lo and 1,2930 God Gi,'" PI"nu far Food
f.m.le,u.ed ,n" food for ,h. bodj' ,ha< fh.
other animal. u d and Tcceived . u ... THB FfRST Foou \\'''5 FRO'"' VIlGBT"no".
nance from" (AIIGIIST'NB). Th. food fTom ORIG1! '" The hi"or;cal meaning. a: least. of
thi'ICntcnccinruutuclurly thuoriginally
Godpcrrn",.dth.uuaffoodafromvcgcu
... ",.<ha,i y.gc<abl andth.fruinaf"cc .
But the oppo"u"i,y afutingflc.h i'giv.n.a
men late. whcn. coy.nan, was mad. wilh
No.oh afar ,he flood.' Ho .. ,Lt u 01< GENU' S
,.".'
H ..... LlNG TO LoWLY SOli . NoyAT, .... :
Man.fi ... foodwu.olclyfnlltandp'od ... .
fram ...... Mansguih.ub '1u ndyin .....
d .. c.d.h ..... ofb,cad.Th. po ...... ofhi.
body.ho .... fonhth.'u .. afh .. conoci.nu.
AI long a. ma,,. conoci.ncc did nOt r.p.oach
him. innoc.nccraiocdhimup.owardth.
huv".,..a pl .. ek. h .. food from the [ftu. Onc.
"" had be. " <amm'tt.d. i. bowed rna" down
10 th oil ofth arlh to g.t g i". Still I ....
,heu ofmu. wasadd.d. ' JlwlIH FOODS
:.6.'
To EVlu I Hum G'VI'" EVltr
PUNT. GlIGOtY Of Nus .. , W. 1\0" . ho ...
.vCf.many",ildbcaoudono.catfru,<.\Vh.t
fr"i,doc hepan,h a, !\l/ha.f ... itmak
,h. lion ... ong! Bu, neverthdUI ,heo.e eru
"".I ... hen .,bm""ng.ath.la"l ofnoturc.
atcf ... II . Andlikew',"whtn .ht [firs, ] m.n

, upon h,m h. Lord. af"tc. th. flood. kno ...
'nghuman. ,.,. .... ao .. ful.allowed,h.m.o
.... all foods: E .. cv.ry food .. if" wet di
bl. plan ... " Sin". (human. ] w.,.allow.d thi .
r,oncuSlon].th.oth.ranima!s [aIJol
rc, .. vtd ,he libcnT to u,. So the lioo ,s [now[
a m.,,u.et.and.h.vul.ur.loQkJf.,.,.clt .
B.,tv .. h .. rc.w.n n' ..
thecarrh.afindu'Tlanwh.n . hcan;mal!
''''gin".d:noth,ngcrcadnarimllincd
had yet d,ed In order '0 be food for ,h. .. I.
IU'U. Narurt had nOI yel ben divided;
uUylhing .. a. f, uh. Hun" ..
did nOt caplUrt p.ey ince people did nOt yet
practlcethi Thebeu,.didno'ycttu.
apartp.cy inccthcywcrtno'm.a'u ....
y ...... So was thefi .. t erealion.and.o ,hi.
creuionwillb.ru,o daftc,.hi.[ag' ].
Hurnan. wiU.ctu.n.othci.o<iginalcrc
uion. njectinghollihfJalif.cncurnbertd
withurt.the.laycryof,hcW(l.ld,od.iJj'
worri ... Onccth'yhavertno"ncedaU,hi.
they w;Urc, ... ntatha, .. ,op"nlif.wh,ch ,.
na.en.by.d,a,hcpu.ion.of thcfluh.
which i. f dam. the do.en." '" God. a
partakc.afth.lif.afth.ang.I . O"THIO..,
GIN O. M ......
sU,T."' '' '''CIP ... C1.UDI5 L U'T.AUQUi
n .. .,lmY".lfholdwilhthoHwho.con.id.r
ingth.",o .u. "MoJ.andf.makh.",u."d
th.m .... ying.Jnet.u.and multipl)and fill
.hturth:' inttrp.ct.hcmlJref."ing.ovlJ'
ibl ndbodily .. ..:. Thi.lldur. ,ny .... of
what follows:"And God ... ,d. lkhold. 1 have
giycnyo".vtryplan.yicldinglccdwhichi,
"
.. ponth.fu.of.U,h.urth . ndcvery ....
wlth ... din1t.f,uII:y""Jhallhavcth.mfat
food.And.o ..... ybclJ.of.h. urth.and '0
.v.rybirdaf.heait,and.oey.rything.hat
""p.onth.carth.cvcrylhingd""w,h.
b.cathoflik I ha ... gi ... n.vcry g.ctn plan
fo. food:" No ,hat both mal. and f<:mal.
uHd Ih. food fa. ,he <heothe. ani
mallulCd.Th.y recci dfiu,ng .... tcnancc
fromi . Thio .. uncccu"ryfa.,h.an'mal
body l .. , i, . .. fi".r from h .. ng.r. B ... i .......
received in a certain immon"l ... a, an.d from
'O".Goot-.l.'FC7bM. 'O".Gcnt-J. "FC6;,1.1. 'I:'....

the t.cc oflife. le., thcy dic of old agc. I would
ne.eT bdieve that. in aplac. of such gT<at
bappinus . itber,hcnesbluu.dagainutbe
Spi.II or the.piri. against th. ne. b. and the
wa. noint<:rnolpuce .... W.condud hcr.
fo.e.that tb.re was no carnal concup;".ncc in
tba, place. Such wastt.emannccoflif.tbatall
ne.cuitiu wer. taken Can of by the
funCliOM of the membcrs. witbout arousing
lwt. AGA'NSTJuUAN 4.4.69.'
1:31 GOD SEES THAT CREATION IS VERY G OOD
J' And God .<lw th<l t h. h<ld m<ld., <lnd behold. it w<ls very good. And rhere W<lS
cvcning<lnd thercw<ls morning.<l s;xthd<lY.
OVIIII.vlI!w,lndividua!,bingscr<:a dbyGo.::!
are good. but me entirc crca.inn is very good
(AUGUST'NB).Thcrcisas;miluitybetwe.ncre
a dthing wbichwercc ..... cdgood.andm.i.
Crcator (AuGUST'NI). Fromm.goodinnarurc
on.canapprchcndthc.uprcmeand.v.rb.sring
good (AMBRosn). As Go.::! mad. man in his
imag.onth i.rmda).som.Sonam.inthc
.ixth age ofth. human race to rcformwin
.ceordanccwithth.imagcofGo.::! (AuGUSTINB).
Th.daYlofercationofonbas.qu. ncc
ofdivin. crca.ion (G .... GORYO.NAZU.NZU5}
that pl'OCccdcd from lower to highcrfotrn. of
being (GHGOK>' O. N.,sA). The conc.pt of"
"da)cannotbercduccd.o aninnantbut
impIJ a proccso (CHar505TQM).
1:31 God Sn E,crythillg Th<lt H. H<ld
M<ldc
43
Goo SA'" T ... T T .. CaBAT'O"
WAS GOOD. AUGUSTINE, Cu, ... inl), W<
.hould no, earcl ... lypassovcr.h. word.of
Scrip'"'' ,ha' .. y.AndGod . ... ,, th ... U the
.hing ha,h. had made wcr. vcry good." For
individual ,hing . it onl)'
.,ayo,"Go.::!uwth.,itilgood: butin'p.ak.
ingofall.hing . it .... asno'. noughtooay
"good"wi ,hout adding"very" .. ,,cll. For if
the singleworko
ofGod . individu ... ll),inth.ir
Own sp.ci . h.)' hav. p .. i worthy mu
numbeu and o.d.rs. How much more
th.nwillthi.b. tru. ofallofthem.ogcthcr.
tha.i"of th.universe .h"tisfi lledwtthth ...
individual thing. gathered in,o Fo,
.vcryb utytha.i . eomposcdofpartsi,
muchmorcprai worthrinthewhol<fhanin
a part. Two BOOKS 0" G."ESlS AG"'NST
GaNUI."JI
TH.M .... ,CH ........ , '.p.'
5 ... IL ... ,TT BITW .. H C .. IAT .. U TH'N"S
.. NO C ...... TO ... A"IlUIT .... : No on.doubu
.h .. God himuLf i ho primal good.
Ihlng.c.nb .... id,obclimil .. ,oGodin
many wly" Some. etea.ed in .. aocdanct
wi.h power and w;ldom. Ire . imill<'o God
bcuu.ouncruledpowerlndwi.domarein
him. Olher c.ea,ed ,hing. arc .imil .. '0 God
in 'hcllmple r.",h., they arealive nd
Godi.incomp ... blyalive.ndthe.ourcoof
LikO.hcrcrca,ed.h, ng r ,mil.rtoGod
,nlhlt.heyh.vcbc,ng,fo.Godiltnenign

tnoKtningalhal me.dy UJ,' and ye. do no.
It o.knOwlre,nhi.!ihnc .... nOICOm
plClelybul,n ltgh,degree,bccauuuen
.ner,rcgood,nlh."ownord.r.whil.God
i.incomparablygood,n,,,artr.nlCending
.ll other good. and from ,":,homev.rything
good p.ocudl,E,GHTYTHul QUfiSTIONS
i1..'
TH' Goon C .... lh Pu c .. ,v"o
THIOUGH C.UTIO ... A","ose: From Ihe
good.othlt,nherc,n,nen.turcofcrca.ion-
.hcyarc,ndocdyerygood. cvenasthoLo.d
... ,d_onoc.nlpprehendthc.up.emeand
evcrlu,ing good. The o.dtrof.ht univeue.
,,,,,,"ngement and ,u bcauty-i. not a man
movedbjlhll tolovcni .Cre"or.ev.nifnei.
.lnwin abili.yl For ifw. love our parenu
becauletherhavep.oduc.dul.howmuch
mo.oougntwc.o lovc.hcCreltorofourpar.
tnu and our own Cr .,or! Therefore Ihe
power of GO<! "a et .. tLng po"'tr. Even if God
IInot.ocn.htilJudg.dfromhll,",o.lu. .and
n .... o.k,bc,uylh ..... o.km .. n.ooma,h .... ho
,"nnlcomp,.h.nd!m.aybcp<:,c.i ... d.
FUGHTfILOIo<TNti\\'ORlol.'O. '
TH. SU:TH D .. T 0"1' H" .... .. C ..... TION "NU
TH. S' ZTH AIl.oP TH. HUM .... RAc
AU"USTIN ..
of number aix 10 u, up<:cl.1.Lly In
Ih;l, tha, God hi. woru on lix daYI
and man in image of God on Ih.

,ixlh ageof.hc human raCc I ndwaamlde the
Son of man. on order to rc-form u. in Ihc
imagcofGod.Thi,i.theagein ... hichwc.ro
atpr<:lent.whe.hcr hou ...
alligncd.oeach.georwhe.hcrwclCltlo
uponmemorabLeandnotablop<rson,,,,,,
tu.""ng po,nll of lime. Thw , hefirl' a,. ..
foundfromAdamtoNo.ah . h.occondfrom
Ihll lime 10 Abraham. and &fu. Ihll ... from
Ab ..... m 10 Duid. from David '0 .h. ,arry
,ng.w.y.o Ba.byLon. and from then.o Ihc
birth of ,h. Virgin. These .hru aga added '0
,hOlCmak.fivc.Hcnccth.binhoflheLord
inlugurlledth. ,i xthage,whichil no .. in
p.og.UI up to th. hidden cnd oftimc. 0 ..
THIT.INITYI.I.,.'
TH. D .. n Of CI . ATI O ... GRIGORY Of N,,
z, .... zul:H.m.d fi .. lday,alecond.a
'h"d nd 10 fOrlh until the' .... n.h d'r
wtl1ch wu a 'UI from work. Accord,ng 10
.hclCdar .. rythingcl'<'"cd .. ... ubdi
.. .. bf'nup .. " iblo
llwl.So"."ion,,unn, an in't.antan.ou, 1(1
br,heaU-po",.rfulWo.d;ro.l"mtoth,nko,
101p<:ak",o.ccompli. hatalk. lf hum.ni
w ... 1.".0 en'tr ,he world-and ,n.uch.
war at.o honorGoxI '. h.ndi work with God'.
im.ge-i"hi.notmarvc!ousl!ti.lihoaring
,h 11. kinj: he prepad Ihe""l ... and tnen,
uki ng.wh.ncvcry.h,ngwuolrca.d)p,e.
putd.ltdln,hcprocession.Ho,,1111S0O<
G ... U ' 5 44.'
I .. A S, r<OU D,.,y. C HUSOSTO": I mun. hi.
al!powcrfuIhand andboundlcuwi.dom
w .. c nolu.lo ..
oncda)"\VhYloOy oncd.o(!Evcninlbritf
momtnt. r.,i,wa, "",bcca"lcof". u,i1ity 'o
IlIm,ha,htproductdanything.ha,ui.u,
., nccbclngltlf.uffic,tnthcu , nntcdof
no'h,ng. h wa, nthcr nut of hi I lovlnglt.ind.
G .... u'S>.:,;
ncuandgoodntuthathcnutcdtvcrything;
Iccordinglyhccru.tdthing"nH'IUtnccand
p...,. idcd ulwith.clclfiru,ructionabou,,, .. .
cd,hing" hrough.h ongu<o(,ht bl .... d
lu,hor.lo,ha,wcmigh,lurnabou.,hcm
prcdltly"ndn",fallin,o.hc.,ro,of.ho ...
led br purd)' human tf:aloning. 01<
G ..... 'S).!1.
2: 1 3 GOD RESTS ON THE SEVEN TH DAY
' Thlll the h."vtlll "nd the urth ", finilh.d, alld r,,/I the holt}' oftbtm. lAnd on the
ltV, nlh' day Godfillilhtd hll work' ",hich h. had don., a"d h. rested On Ih.Jtv,"lh day
fro lll all hi! ",ork' whi ch h. had dont. ' So God bltjj.d Ih. ltv. nth .la] and h"lIowrd il.
b.UIIJtOIl it God r.lltdfrom allhil work whi ch h, haddon!incrtAlioll.
O .... ...... w:Go(l".rcSfon.hclCv.nthd.oy ila
mttaphor.ha,dcpku .h.mYllcryof.hc.ru.
rcltg,vtn,op<opl.in .h ... unalworld
(EPHIlBM) and aUudc. to.h. rU' of .hc Son
btforc hi. rcsurrcction. il abo lignificstha,

' I of SIX period . lead humanity.o
... bba,h . ha, Th.
u v(n.bda),il ... ncrifitdbrGod,rclt. Th.
fa"Mul will bca.cycnm da, .hcy.hall
bcfillcd ",,hGod. ble ... ng (AuGuST''''. ),
God rCI'.on th ven.h da)"but hi'gov .
nanc. con.inu (C HMnoSTo", ). Cru,urc.
<rcatedon.hli.,hda)"appur.obcoldbut
... youn(: .l1nccthc),wcrconIYJultuea,edb)
God (E ......... ) In the of ea.ion
(A ..... olI).
2: 1-2 God ReJledo" the S. "tlll hV"J'
T Ht M ...... , ..... Of GOD'S RalT. E PH ..... TH.
5 ... , .... , From wh ... oil did God rcItIFor.h.
cr .. ,urc.,h .. clm.lO bcon.hcfi ... daycamc
,obcbyimplk.uion,c:tccp.fo h.ligb .
which cl me.hrougb hi. word. And.ht rCII
of.hcworJu,hllcamc.obcaftcrwardcamc
tob hroughhi, word. \Vha oillS,h.r.for
'Tl.nt, ... _ ..,..... .... _oc-.I"' ..... ....,..,.oI'"
--"' ...... ...,..
u.whcn we.peakon. word! So wh .. ,oil
could.h ... havcb..en for God.ospeak One
word a day! Mo.!u,whodivid.d.h ubyhis
word and his rod. did not.i ... joshua. son of
Nun. who restrained th. lumin.ries by hi.
word. did not tire.Sowhat.oil could the ..
havehecn for God wh.n he created.hesea
.nd . h. luminariuby hi. word! I.,.. not
becau he .. Sted On th.t day that God. who
do not w ... y. bl .... d.nd .. nctifi.d th v
.nth da)" Nor wu it becau.e he wu to give it
10 that peopk, whodid no. und ... und th
Jinc. th.yw ... frced from th.ir rv;tud
h,ywere,ogive .... ,o thcir.crv.n ... nd
maidJervan\&. H.gav. it to th.m .o th.t ,.v.n
if they h.d.o be pu, under rcquiremen,. they
would re".h was given to.h.m in ord.r to
depictby. remporal rest , whichhegaveto a
remporalpeopl the mysteryofth.tru ... n
whichwillb.giv.nto.h .... rnalpeopl.in
.h .... rn.lworld.Co ..
',P H '
RUT A"' D C'''UST'S RUU"' ''' .CTION.
LfiTTBROF BARNHAS'God.ay oth.j,wJ
"! will no,abid. your ne'"moons.nd your
sabb .. h.:' You se. wh.t he means: The
p ... cn,ubb.,h rc not.ccep blc.o me. but
th.tsabb.th which I have made, in which.
alicr giving re" to all thi ngs. 1 will mak. th.
b.ginningofth ighth dar.th., i . th. begin
ningofanoth.rworld. Th.rcforc.we al.occl -
.b .... withjo)'.h.eighthd.) onwhich j .. " .
a!Joro .. fromth.d.ad.fterhi,rcst.,,a.
mad. manifest and ascended into hcav.n.
BARNABAS 1;.8:
Go .. RUTS IIUT Ht. GO"B", N,,"'':::E CON.
TINU.S. CHRYSOSTO .. , You .... in .. yingat
and bringing from nonbeing in'o b..ingon th.
.even,hda). whe.usCh.is,.inuyingtha,
"myfatheTisatworkupun.ilnowandlama.
work:' ruulshisuncouingcarefotus:h.
calb"work"themain,enanceofcread
thing be .. owal of perm an enc. on ,hem and
governance of them 'hTOUgh all time. If,hi.
wasnt.o.afut.lI. how wouldne'Ything
han sub. iSted,without the guiding hand
above di r ."ing all vi.ible things and the
human .ac. as HOM' Ll ES 0" G."u.s
10 . S.'
TH. Goo .. Wo .. " . DO..,E LB .. V To
ET . .. ..,.OL RUT. BIOE' Under ,he law Ih.
p.ople wereorder.d 10 work for si% d.y nd
tot .. ,ontheocven,h ... b ... usc,heLord
compl."d the CTeaUOn of the "oddin Jixd.y'
.ndd .. i ... dfromhi . wotkon.h even,h.
Mystic.llrspeaking. we arc coun I.d br.lI
,hi h.,tho who in lif.devote th.mJel ...
to good works for tbe Lord k r. in th.
futurel.dbv . he Lordto .. bbath"ha, is.to
..
2:3 Th. .... d
THB Sn.t N<l Tl .. . o. C .. UTIO", A ....
Hccrcatedheaven.ndeartha.th.t;me when
th. month,beg.n.fromwhich.imei,i.fi,.
,ingtha,.he world,ookits,i ... Thcnth .. e
"'as ,h. mild rcmpera,urc of'pring, a .ea,on
,uitabl.for.lI.hings.Con,cqucnt!y they.ar
.00 ha. the .. amp of. world coming to birth.
.. Inotd.r.o.ho .. .hat.hcrcotionofth.
world took pla<c in.he.pring.Scrip.ur ... y.
"Thi. month.hallb.toyouth.bsinningo:
.hi, poin, ,ha, God rtoted from hi' works, 'FC91!J6. '1>1,l3. 'FC7', Il9-tO:PG
Scripturc tcach .. u' ,ha. h.ceas.dcr.ating Sl,". ' HOG:'17'";
... onth"lt i.foryouthcfintinthc ... onth.of

...... , I. wufimng.h me bcg,nn,ngof . hr
yt:arbcthebcg'nningofgcnuarion.Hax ... .
MI.0 ..... 4.';.
TH.F .. ' TH" ' LW' LLlb .. SIVINTHD .. T.
AUGII.TINB, Hcav.n. IOO .... iIIbc.hc fulfill
... enlof.h.,ubba.h ... ,fo,e,oId,n.heco ...
... and,8e&. iUandsee.h., I a ... GocI:IO Thi .
,ndecd.",Hlbc.ha.u]um . ..... bb"lth.ha,hu
noeven,ng andlh ... h. Lord forelhadowed in
,h "oun,of hi . c,ea';on,AndGocIre".d
onth eventh day from all hi. work ,ha,h.
had done. And heble .. cd , he.nen,h da)' and
... n<:tified,,:becaust i""hehad , ,, .. edfrom
all h" ... ork ,h GocI " .... d and mad.: And
we our"l"". ",ill be,"ven,h d.y ... hen_
.hall be fiUed "" th h,. bl" ... ,ng and rcmad. br
hi .... n<tificuion.lnlheldllne ... ofthatr""
",.lhallsteth .. h.i h.God wholedivini<)'
w.d .,r.dfo,ourstlvuwhen we li"ened '0
,h educ"".,,,ord.,' You . hIUbeugocl.:"
and lof.ll a"'arfrom him . he.rlle God who
wouldhav"g,vc:nu.ad,Y, ni<),b,p.",cipa.
tion thal could ncver be gained by duen;on .
For ",heTCdid thedoing ... ;tholll God end hll'
in the IIndoingofman through the anger of
God!Onl), ... hen .... a",remadch)"God and
pcrf<:credbragr.a .. rgraa ohallwe havethe
e.un.1 "iIl ne ... of that ,,, .. in whi,h we.hall
see ,h., h. i. God. CITY OFGOU n.)o."
ALLTH. F, .aT C . .... TU.U W BOTH
l'O"HG .. .. OOLD.E .. HU .. TH.SU" .... : JUIl
as,he .. eu,.heyegcta' ion.,heammal
bird.andevenbllmankindweTCold . oalw
we,,, ,heryollng.They wtr<oldac(ording to
,heappearanC"O( lheirii mb llothd, . uh_
I<.ncu, ye. ,hey ""re young becau" ofth.
hour and momen, of their crntion. Likcw;se,
,hc moon ..... hoth old,"d young. It wai
young, for "" .... bu' .... omen, Dld. bu, ,,'u
al ... oId,foritwufullu;.uon ,hefif,een, h
tb).CO ....... T .. U ONGE .. U .. ' . 4.1."
2:4-7 GOD FO RMS MAN OUT OF D UST
' {Tbtlt IItt Ibt gt",,"r,onJ], of Ilu !..nt'" and rbt uTrb ",brn rbc] IIIttt eruud.
JII rb. day rbar lb. Low Gad mad. lb. IIlId Iwbtn plam of lb.
{trld Wa l]rI;" tb. IIl1d no bcrb of tb. fitld bad ]cr Iprung up-for Ib t Lo." God bad
1101 t /lwSt.! ;rlO ra;" wpon lb. tarlb, ILnd rbert Wa l 11 0 mall tDlill d" growlld; tbwI' m; sl"
II'CIII wp from tbe tllrrh "lid waltltd rb. wbol . f"ct of Ihe grownd- 'Iho .. rh. Lo." Go.!
formed m .. n of aUir from Ibe gfl}llnd. <I"d brt<lrbed inro bis "o!frill' Ibe brc .. rb of life; .. "d
m .. nbu .. meativingbcing.
OV v," .... ,Mo rtturn orcia<eho ... cr.
adon "'as fir't adorned {EpHlta .. j. The
vege'ation of the carth and 'he rain m .. y be
vitwtdas m.uphors of ,h. nunur. and
gro ... th ofth. hum .. n.oul in <h. field of
<hi . ... orld{AuGUSTlNII) . ... hil.<h pr;ngi.a
,ymbol ofttiunegr .. ce {MA'UUSV" ,.rolU-
NUS).
God form.d the body of Adam out of mud
(AUGuST'Nll j. Wh"nGodbru,h.din,ohi .
no.tril., he united ,he so,,1 '0 th" body (Tn
TULuAN.AuGusT,NB.AMuosBj andpla<ed
omt.hareofhi. own gr""" inman (B...slL).
But th. natur' of God wa< nOt turntd into rh"
.oulofman (AUGUST'Nmj. Even no"', wh.n
God form. u. in rh. womb of ,he moth.r. he
al$o breathe. on u.ash.did in <hebcginning
(T.IlTUl.uANj.J"u'gav"uJa.econdbr.uh
ing.ndth.rebycruudantwhumani<)
(AUGUST1NB).
Heav.nlnde .. thindudesallcrea,ure
bo,h'piri<ual and physkll (CHI<YS05YO .. j.
Humanb.ingsw.",(orm.dofth.du.,ofth.
earth by God', own "hand,:viewed.piri<u

"mixed with the du.t of Ih .... th
oFNAZ'ANZUS).Th ouli, ,,.at.d;lhen h
i.fuhion.d: Th. greatn .... and ,h.lowlin."
ofhumanityis eninth.brea,hingofaliving
,oul into <hedu., (BASILj.which form. a liv
ing unitr (CN"YSOSTO" ). Humanity i. nor '0
b. reduced to (S .... 'L). The
r .. ional human soul mIke. use ofbodil)
m.mbe .. (CHRYSOSTO .. j . The ooul did nOt
pr.. xi.tbcfocr .,ion {JOHNOFO ........
cus).
2,4-6 Tbt Gt ltNli""i 0flhrH.<lvtll,<llId
E"rlb
THmHm .. VIIN .. NOE .. "THINCLUDU ALL
C. m .. TuII U. CH"YSOSTOM: I mean. when it
uidhuvenandur,h.ilindud.d.very,hing
together in tho.e word . both thing. on euth
and,hings inh.lv.n.SOjUSfU,niuaccount
ofcru,edthing.itdountmentionth"maU
on. by on. butg;v a . ummaryofrciated
item ndmake. no further atttmptto
describcth.m to u, o '00 n uU.dth. whol
Ihe about,h.origin,ofheav.nand
earth. ev.n though ifconuin. man),o<he,
thing
thercfer.ncetothe.etwothatlllvi.ibl.
Ihing,areofnece .. itycontain.dinthi . hook.
bOlhtho .. inhelv.nandlho on.arth
HO .. 'LluoNGBNEslsn.4.'
THB LORD M .. DB EVBU HB" . CH"UOS-
TOM: Th. earlh in compliance with the Lord'.
wordlnddirectionproduc.dplanu and",,
stirr.dintopang.offe"iht}'w;thou,d'p"nd
ingon the.un fo,;usisrlnce (ho,,' could it.
after all. the , un nOt yet being cru dn. nOr on
the moiotu from lhower . nor on human
labor (humanh<lng afteralLnothavingbcen
br(lughtfor,h).Ho,.,LluoNGINuISU,S. '
RHSU" ' NG
ATION.EpH"U'THESY" ' .... ":Und.uun.:..
o nur.,. <ha: ahhough the day. of creation
.. and God had blulCd .... !>bath
d.ar .... ho<h ... as .... had com


af,.r.h.day, ofea,ionhadbc.nfini,h.d
"Th ... ar h.g.n.rationlof.h.hcav.nland
.hcurlh:tha.i . thisi, .hcaccoun,o(rh.
fuh,on'ngof hcavcnandurlhon 'hcdar
,,h.n rhc I..ord madc hcavcn and unh. for U
,..,,"noplan.of .hcficld,,u,n.hcunhand
noh.rbof.hcficldhady ... prungup."Ecnif
th .. c,h,ns,w ... no,acoualiycrca don.hc
r,n,day-forthc)hadbun mad. on ,he rhird
day-.. iII Mo.c, did nOlruhlrin,roducc.on
,hcfir .. da).,h.reporloftholCthing ha.
.... r.crea donth.,h,rddarForMou.uid,
Nopianrofthcficld"""yc, ,nthcca.,hand
nohctbofth.fi.ldhadyulp.ungup-forth.
I..o.d God had no'ca .... d "'0 ra,n upon th.
c .. nh,butam .. , .... n,upf<om,hcurthand

cv .. ythmgd"I ha.b.cnhornand ... illbchorn
from Ih.carth will b. Ihrough ,heconjuncrion
of .... ,.randur,h.Mo ... und .,,,,,k,olho,"
thalnoplan,o,vcg.tattonhadbo.ncn:a.cd
along .. "h ,hc .. "".hccauJC ,h. ra,n had not
yet COme dow ... Bu. after m. grur mm <0 ..
up f<omthcgrea,"by .. . nd,,a, ..,d,h.whol.
fac.ofcarthandaftcrthcwncrshad bo.n
gathcr.d,ogethron,h.,hordda).,hcn lhc
u .. hb<ough.forrhali.h.v.getallon.CoM'
.. :.l" 'l,', ' ,'
Mu ...... 'e; OF TH . V.O.T ..
.. NOTHI R .. , .... AuoCIT'N.'\\'hyafr .. mcn
IIon,ngheav.nand .. "hdoc"h .. pu.agcadd
cgetatlonofth.ficldandfood" whil.rema.n.
,ng . n.n,abou,..,manyorh .. ,h,ns, ,hot "Tt
,nh.ayenand.arthorcy.n,h(.u.unl ... "
... .n .. ... gct.llonofth.6cld,obcund .... ood
as an ,ny"ihl. .. d rh,n, . uch ... ,h ..,ut,
Forfield""ofr.nw.cdfigunm-cly inScror
ru .. ron:p .. nn.th ....,r!.d .... FuMcronn
addshefor.th.y ...... uponth ..... h;wh.ch
mcan, bcforerh ..,ul.inned." Foroncorh(
.oul "" ... oil.dw,th carthlyd .. iru. it "'uu if
.h .... ulwuhornonrhe ... rth.ori ...... nce
derlyed (<om ,h. earth. Two Boou 01< GEI<I'

AUCUST'''.' Now God aI ... make. ,he .ga
"onof,h.field,bu.hyram,ngupon.h.
ea"h, .ha, il.h.mak ... oubhccom.grccn
againbyh ..... ord.Bu,h ......... ,h.m(rotr.
rhccloud . ,h i . from,h .... n.ing,of . he
pr<>phetl and oponl ... Two Boou ON
IISAo .. ''''TTN. M .. N'CH ..... Sl .. S'
THI S "oc CHII. UT.
V":TOo.l"us,Chri" is ,ha. spr'ngo{,,h,ch
,he prophct uy.:h irrisa, and ,,a.er, ,h.
M'hoic",rrh."Bu,Chrisrirris,,,,,rhrM'hoie
univerl ho,hY"ibl"nd tnYlsiblo:",nh ,h.
Iprin'oflif.he ...... rs,h ub".nc.oiev." ..
,hinsrha'.Il".\'.'in.of.rash.1lI,f . h."
Ch" .. : 'n ... faraoh.,, ...... h. "th.Hoh
Sp",,, .l\t-Oiatao h. is the pow .. ofnah'r. '"
"Fotheran.d God;bu. ,h. whol ... oneGO<!
AC ..... STA .. , u" , ..... 7.'
F..c.o. Tt ... E .. o.TlI Is .... ALLICOU
Of M .. .... Aue;usT'NE,Thcg.nd. facc of,h.
.arth.,h .. i . ,hed'B ... lyof,h ..... h. may'"
correcdy "iewcd .. ,he mo.hcr oi,he Lord.
,h.Vir"nM.ry. who .. al ....... edbyth.
HolrSp"u.whoislignificd,n,h.Gospclb
rh. term ""' .... ' T ... o Boo"so" G"NESI'
AC"''''JTTHiM"",cH ..
2: 7 God Forms Man from the Ground
GOD FORMS M .... FRo M Mil D. AUGlISTlNE:
Fimofall . hefact ma, God fonnedman from
the mud of.be eanh usually rai. e qu ... ion
about ,h ."n ofmud it wu or th. kind of
mati.a! the term .ignifi ..... Thou enemies
of the Old Book [the ManichaoaruJ, looki ng .. t

a.lway. bcinginerro.,bilinglyfindfaullwilh
.hispoin.a. we!1,nameiy;lhaIGodformed
man from Ihe mud of the eanh. For they"r,
"Why did God makt man from mud, Did h.
!ack .. bctterandh.avcnlrmatcrial fTom which
h. could make man,lhat he fonned him fT.gil.
and mOfla.l from thi.eanhly conuption,"To
bcgin with. they do no, undemand howmanr
meanings etther.arth Or Wal<. has in the Scrip.
er
Aloow ... y,ha.thchumanbodybegan.o
wastea",arand.obc fn.gileand mortal after
.in.Bntth< Maniche.n< abho. in <>u,bodyonly
th. m<>"ali<y mat we merited as puni$hmm,.
Bu. even ifG<>d mad. man from the mud of Ihi.
earth ...
cuh for God in ma.lcingthe human body such
,h., i,would no,be . ubject tocorroprion if. in
obcdienc. '0 God.commandmen,. he had not
willdto .in! For wt oay that mebeau<y of
he.ven "'a. made from nothing or from fonn.
lessma".r, because w. believe th .. IheMaker
i.a.lmigh'}, Why is i ... rangelha,.h. a.lmighty
Maker could make the body from oom. Ion of

man with no ,rouble or nedand wa .. edawa)"
from no corruption, Two BOOKS os GBNBS,"
AG ..
THB BRIIATH OF GOD M'XII5 WITH DUST,
GUGORY OF NAZ'ANZUS: soul i
b, .. [hofGod . u;' ... mixed
w;.h
cav.,ye,whollydivineandunqu.nchabk
... Hespoke,andtaking..,m.oflh.new1r
minledunhhisimmot<al hanoi< mad.an
im'ge in.owhichheimpa"edllOmcofhi$own
life.He.en,hi<'pi,i,.ab.amf.omth<'invi.i.
ble divinilj"DOG .... TlC HVMNS7."
Ho ",' AOAM BECAME A L' VING SOUL. CH. Y
SOSTOM:itwaspl.uing,oGod'slo"eof
humani<y 1o m.ke this ,hingcrcaICd ou, of
eatth'parricipan,of.ner.,;onalna, utccof
the .oul..hroughwnich,nislivingcrca,uce
wa. m.nifest a. ucell.nl and perf.ct. "And h.
bceathedinmhi. nMlfils.hebrca,hoflife:
Ih., is. the inbrea.hingcommunic.ted to th.
on.aeated our of.aTth the power of life. and
, hu.,h. notureofth.JOul ,,a.formed.
Therefore Mo.es .dded-And man became.
living.oul -, ,h., which ",ascre.,ed<>ut<>f
du ... having ,e<:eived ,hc ini>rc.alning, ,he
bru,h oflifc:,"bec" m. a living soul:Wha,
doe."a living .<>ul"me.n!i\n acr iv. soul.
which h th.membenof.h.bod) as ,he
implem.n.lofi ... cti"i.i . ubmi iv.toi ..
will. HOMILIES ON GENESIS I:.,S."
O .. . ... "Th<
soul has iu oTigin in IhebTealh <>fG<><I. nd
did nOt Come from ma".r. We base .hat ......
men' onlh.dear ...... ionofdivin.rcvel.
.;on,whichdeclatccs ,h.,"Godb.uthcdth.
br.athoflif.in,oth.fac<ofman.andman
becam living.oul:OsTH.SOUtJ.". "
GOD UNITU THm Hu .... " Soon TO THII
BODVlLvH. s B .. ... TH. AUGIISTL"II:Scrip
tII",u.y.,Andh.brcath.din.ohimth.
b ... thorlif .. inglO .. l:
lfupto.h' "f"',n,.he waoonl),.h.bod).w
ho .. ld .. nd .... .hl. thclOul .. u atth"
f"',n'Joined '0 the bod)"Pcrhlpl thclO .. 1 had
be.n.lrudym.d.h .. tw .... illuifin.hc
mo .. thofGod.d .. ,il.inhi." .. thlndw ...
dom.Bu."didno,d.p."from.hc,,"if
"p ..... d by pllcu. when i,wasbr ... h.d
fo .. h.Fo.Godilnoteonuin.dbypllccbu, il
prennt eYerywh .... Two BOOKS 0 .. GB .. . '
5.sAoAINITTH.M .. NICN ..... NS1.5 . 0."
Nnu O' TH. SOUL. A .. non:
th.lOullfnotblood.bcca ..... blood .. ofth.
fklh; nor ' . ,bc 10 .. 1 a hannony. bcca ..... ha.
monyof,hi ........
thcI0Il1 .... bauHblown bruthioonethinl;
and,h.IO .. llOmcthingelH.ThelOuli.nOlfi",.
no ... ,h o .. l lCluoh'y.b .. , thc soul i.living.
f.".Adambeclm.alivinglOuI:linccthclOul
.. t
lif.orr.:ding.lu ..
FU' HF ... H. O,..n,SoULC .... ... n.GUG
OaY o. Nus..: God made the inner person:
h.mold.dth.ou .. .. iublefor
cby.b .. ,"mlkmg"tI [fitungJ for.n,m'g . $o
on th. Onc b.nd. hcmoldedflcsb.bul on tb.

MA,.. "
THB G .... TNU. AN" LO"'LtNU' Of H".
MAN'TT. GUGOlty n. Nnu:-God ,ook of
h.d .... o(,h .,h.ndf .. hion.dman:ln
.h .. wo.ldI h.,..dioc ..... crcdthc.W<laffirma,
lIon,th.tmanlinolhmgand.h.tm""ligrea:.
If vo .. .
ha.no,..lu.:b .. :if ......... .. d.b.ho""'w"h
.... h"hh.hal bc.ntrea ... :?.rn."i ..,m.th,ng
s",.:.O>< TlU O.'G.'" OF M", . "
TH. UNITY O. BOOT .. NO Som GUGOU
o. N ... , .. : the contrary. mark,ng
Iheorderoflhemakingofmanulta,.dby
MOIC .. lillCcondtothebody
,norderoflime,linccGodfifSttookd ....
from the carlh and fonned man. and then ani
mated th.heingthllSformcd by h"brurh. B"
,hi.argum.ntth'yprove,ha,th.f1nhi,
more nohle , han ,h oul. th .. which wupr .
vio .. . l)' formed (moTC nohleJ than th.t whkh
w ... f,uw.rdinf .... din.o ...... No g.in
I w.,no .. tdo.::trin.tobegln by m.king up
mlnlih byfigur.and.ou."d,.,th.IOU!
... forl .. rcly
In .hl\ ... th. intell.ctu.l n.tu", .... ould be
Iho ... n.obcl ...
S .. , as man ilonc.th.beingconllJungoflo .. 1
.ndbodr,we.""oluPf>OIe.h., the begIn .
ningofhi.ni ... ncci.on . common.obo.h
lI""cu.lo,h .. h ho .. ld no, b. fo"nd '0 b.
In .. c. d.n'.ndpo .... ior'oh,m lf ... ifth.
hodil).l.mcn, wc .. fi.1t In point of,im nd
,h.o.hcrw.r I.tct.ddi"on.Q"TN,C",
.. T' ONOF M .. ,,1&,'l9.I.'
GOO PUC .. ASHA OFH,.G .... c '"
TH.SOUL. B .. StL THE G .... T: wAnd hc
b .... h.d Into hi ...... 11 to "'y. h.
plac!'nm ... ..,m ha .. ofhl ........ ngrac: . m
r<cognlzelikenell
thro .. ghlikcne ... Nev ... helc ... bcmg , n l .. cb
grelthonorbct:lu .. h.,, .. c,urcd,n.hc
imascoftheCrcator.h.i. honorcd.hovr.hc
b ..... nl hov. ,h .... n bov. ,h. chol ro o(
.. a ... For which of,hc h ..... nly bodieo w ..
lIid . ob n im.gc of ,he molt high God! "


"(;t Po IoSl ..... ',s. "R:4Ml4.! 1
How GOD C .... T. D HU .... " I ' N .. D, ' ...
I NT WUF.O .. AN ..... l.5.G.'GDaYDF
Nn, .. , Abo.e, the ,cxl l ayl Ihll Godcreucd;
hcr. i, .. y. how God crca,ed. Ifthevcrle had
.i mpl)"uidlh .. Godcrcaled,youcouldhav
bcb.v.d tha,hecrca,.d (human"y) " he did
ford bc"[$,for ,h .... ild animaL . for , he
planflfOrtmgTUl.Thi.i.",h, . o.voidyour
plaClngh,m.nlhecl . .. of",lIdan,maLs. lhe
dIV,no word hu made known the p.rtlcular
artwhochGodhll ul edforyou:'God tookof
th.dulI of Ihe caTlh. 0" THIO"G'''OF
M .. N.'"
THI SOllL M .. " .. U'"OF BoolL' M'M'
..... CN .. UOSTO .. : Thus wh.n you hur ,h ..
Godb.uthtd,n.o h fao:c the bruthofHc.
.. nderAandthatjus, .. heOrnughtforthth<
bodil ... pow ....... aLsoh ... .. pLcamlh .. ,he
bodyofm.n.crc.,.do .. lofdulI . houLdha
rallonalloulwhicncQuLd"'. k ..... ofth.
bodilymembcr . HOM'LllSoN G .... SlS 1).9."
TH.Nuu o.Goo W ... NOTT" . .. . o
' '''TO THI SOUL OF M .. N. AUGUST"'I' Wc
ough,lound tand ,hi. p .... g .... ,h., w.
dono"akc,h .... o.dsh.bTu.h.d,n,oh,m
,heb.u,hoflif . ndm.nbcoc.m 1iving
ooul"'om .. nth'.part .... i,w .... of.h.
nllurcofGod ,, .. ,ul n.d,ntolhetoulof
man .... Th. na,uI. of God i. no, mu,abl
d""" no'.rrandi.no'corrup,.dbylhe .... n.
ofvico nd." ...... SC .. p,urcclcally .. y.
,h .. ,h .... ul w .. m.d.byth. a1m.gh<yGoc!
.nd.h., " i. th.t.fo .. no, . p ... of God or
,h. nllurcofGod. Two Boo"" o,, GI ......
AG .. , .. STTHEM .. N. c ......... Ii:.I.!l.'"
W" 'N GOD FoaM" Us T" . WOMI, HI
a .... T" U ON U . T."Tun' .. N: Thu.
rc.dlh, w01"dofGod.lpokcn,ojcTC",i.h,
S.fore I form.dyouinthewomb,l knew
you'-" lfGod form . ... in m. womb. h "",
him 1

man. 0 .. THE SoUL
H U ....... TT R ... uo AG .. . N T .. tOUGH Hn
a .. .... T"' .. G.AuIOUST.NE:Aft uhi ' ,CIU'TCC
.ion . ... hen fit ll .ppcued.o hi, d"c'pl ...
h. laidlo.htm. R. cciv.th.HolrSpili,."
Abou, Ihll giving.lh.n. il ""15 ..
Spi';lhadno,y .. bc.ngi ... nbccaulc.luul
hadnolynbeenglorified: 'Andheblnlhed
upon Ihe,r face:" Tho On. "'ho fir .. ga .. lif
'0 m.n by breath,ngand'llSCd h,m up from
th.m,.candbrbru.h,ngg .... a loultoh ..
membcorl i. ,he oamo Onc who brc.thed .. pon
. heitf.th., ,h.ymight .... up f.om ,ht
slim nd .. nounccfil . h) work,;.T .... cTATu
0"
FOt .. . " o. DUST It Go",', O""N H .. .. oi.
THIOOO." O. Cn: When wc hcor MOlel'
wliungodeKribchowGod.ookd.UI from m.
unh """b hll hand. in order.o ",.k. man. w'
''1 ,ound.I ... ndwha, ... chl.nguag'''''gh,
mun.hmun his:th .. whol e ofGod
u
had .
l pecial,nttrellinth."tat ionof thehuman
nllun. Thtgle .. prophe,proclaim.,hll ve<y
Ih,nll,lInc trylhinllcl ,n cfCat ,onwlJ
made by .poken comman.d. Man. howev.I.
,, .. m.d.byGocl"."hands: .. J"s, like an
-(;NOS ... U. PGIl:!C7J:FC 10e In "FC", I(l6. ''Jm-

tht_Goo!.11Iood.Mrt .. bm<odoI'''''"i-- ;''port.tht

_E-.. ........ __
-'"'.
embrrollplonted in Ihc mOlhc"" womb and
devdopl from rh. ma,.,ial which hu IU,
round.d it from th. beginning .... IlsoGod
wI .... d,o'lko,hcmltuiaJfor,h.hum'"
body from ,h. earth. Thul. d.y be me nuh
ndblood "d.kin . ndn.rv .... nd ... inl.
.ndl ... " ... . nd,h.b .. in.lndbon.mar"'''
.nd.uppo .. ingbon .... nd10 on.Co"PI .. -
o' U .. o.H.Rn' CALMYTHS.-
T ... SOUL 010 NOT PI.-."tlT.JO"" OF
c .... u.S;,...,
DAMASCUS' From me urth he formed hll
bodJ'sndbJ'hilowni"brea.hingglv<:h,ml
n.ionallndunderlunding loul.whichw.u,
ill he divineimlge ... Th.bod)and .h o .. 1
w. r. formed ... h. lame rime-nor on
beforelndlheothcrafrerwlrd.utherav,"g"
ofOrige" would ha"" it. 0" THI! ORTHooor
FAITH . "
2:89 THE GARDEN OF EDEN
AND THE TREE OF LIFE
Ihr LOAD God in Edrn. ! in Ibt tllll; Ihr.t ht p,,1 Ih. mlln whom
hr h<ldfo.mtd. ' Ana 0'" oflh. g'Dwnd Ihr LOM) GDd mllar 10 grOM' tvrrJ tr .. i$ pi.<lJ-
1111110 dO( lighl good for food. 11,. Irn oflif. in Ih. midll of Ih. gllrd.n, Ilnd Ih. Ir
Oflluboll.lrdzr Of good Illldtvil.
O,.unw,Edc .. i.lhcl ... dofp.r,d, h.,
God m.dc b.for. he form.d m.n (EPItUM.
AUC;USTI"' )' h.llOprcfigllrcl .he church
(Cn ...... " ). Th ...... pl.nled ,n ,h. middle of
Ihegardcolymboli::c iifc,kno",lcdgclndw;'.
dom (LIlTTI.. TO D.OGNBT\Js.Ju.o .. . j . Christ
fC.,orulIl,oJifethroughth ... uoflife
(GUOOIY 01' NAzI .. ",zus). From I)au! we learn
,ha:,hcl"cali"n"fpar.d"."no"ob ... m-
p!illically, . u,<:d . ine<itbcl""g. ,emy"ical
und ... ,.n';,ng (AMB"OU). Tha, God planrcd
Fud.n ,n Ed.n m .. JfM und .... ood ,n I "" Y
bcfin;ns ,0God {C .. "YSOSTo .. l .
ED." W .. . CRUTIID 0" 1' HII T",,,o 0 .. ,..
TH' SYIIAI<: Ed.n ;llh.l.nd ofpa,
.di .... nd God had.ltudyplon.edltDnth.
da,. MO$<" up!.in h" br
Lord c. u d CV<'r ,,<:e.'u, " plu .. n, , ,,,h
,ighta"dgoodforfood''''prou"orrhrro"..
Ih ... rth: And.o Ih" .. .ha, h . .......
.boutpar.d,u.h ddcd.. And.n ..... ofl i',
was in ,he mids,ofparadis . and th ..... of
th. knowledge ofgoO<! and evi!."COMM""'
T" U ONG.tl!5!S : Sl.'
THII N ......... TIVIl Rlln .. s TO P .. RVIOllS
EVRNTSLR.TUNMRNTIONRD. Au"un'NE
In ,h.Scriptu ... . om.things a .. . e!at.d in
uch a w,),that they ... m robe following the
o.derofrime or occurring in chronological suc
cenion.when acruaIlyrhenarrarive.wi,hou.
menlioningil ... fersrop reviou. ev.nu tha.
hadb-eenl.flunmen,ion.d.Unle .. w.und ..
.. and thi,di .. incrion.w hall fall ,nloerrol.
For example. we find in Gene.i,,"And the Lord
God planred a paradiuofplea.u,e in th. easr;
and the .. h. pur rhe man whom he hadform.d.
Andou. of .heground .he Lord God made to
grow eve.y rree that is plea .. nt torhe . ight and
goodfo.food."Thi,lastmenrionedev. n,
would .um 10 h.v. ouurred .fter Goo had
made man and placed him in paradioc. After
both of thue fau hove been mentioned bridly
{.hat ... thatGooplant.d.paradi, e.ndrhere
'pl"'ed man whom he had formed"). the narra
rive rurn. b",k by m n. ofrec'pirul.tion and
relate, whath.db-eenplan,.d anddu, "Goo
brought forth 0'"oftht ground all manner of
trec, fair . ob.noldand pl .... n' ,o .. ,of:
CHIlISTI .. N
GO"PL .. NTRD .. G .... ""N.CHkYSOSTOM
Andwhen. dearl)b.loved.youh.atthat"Go<l
planred a garden in Eden in rhe .as,; .. ke the
n .. appropriaretoGod-
namel)" ,hat he commanded rhis happen-
and abOUt thenex, phuse. beli,ve ,hat agar.
dencam<in,ob.ingin,h' plauthatS"ip
ur< indica d. HOMIUU GS"U IS 1,;., ,;. '
EDB" RRPRUB"T.TH.CHU.,<;It. Cyp
RI .. ,, : Tne cnu.h . "pr. uingtne image of
paudi,<.enlo fruitfult ... swithiniu
waUs.Fromthe. e wh .. everdoesno,make
good frui! i. cu,offandcaS! in'o the fire.
LlITTSU71. IO.'
WHBTH . .. P ...... D' n Is , ..... SPRC,.,C
T"" B,S"'CILoc .. TJON.AMRIlOsE: l fpara.
di.e.lhen,i.of.uch . nature that Paul al",,<
oronelikePlul.rouIJuaraly.ee il whil e aliv.
and "ill "" u unabl.", remember wh.,herh.
oawi, in the body o,ou' of the body. and mo ..

.e" .. l_if ,hisbe true, how will it b-e possible
for u. 10 declare the po,i';onofpa diot which
w.h.veno,b-eenable,o ,..and. evenif w.hld
succ.ed.din , ecingit, w.woul dbefornidden
' 0 ,harewi,h olhers! And again . ince Paul
. hrankfromenhinghimselfbrrea.onofth.
.ublimityof the revelation, how much mo ..
oughtwetosr.iveno,tob-e,on.nxiouJ:,odi,.
do.e thlt which I.ad" odangerbyiu very rev
el.tion!Th ubje"of p .... di.e.hould not,
therefore.b-e " ... ed lignti). P"UDt51 I. '
WHy CH .. JST' .... S P .. uFAC' .. GE .. n.

' 0 th. eaS! in our pr. y .... but f.w kno .... ,h.,
,hi.i.becau.ew.a ..... king,hranci.n'
fatherland. which God planted in Eden,
,o",ard.he eas;.ONTHE HOLV SP'RIT 27.66.'
2,9 Th. Tnt of Lift And the Tr .. of ,,,.
Knowl.dg. of Good And Evil
D. THB T .. II .. S''''''.JIIS
THI CLon RBLATIO" a.TW " L'Pfi .. "D
KNOWLEDG ANONYMOUS: Indeed. the .. i
d. pmun;ng;nthep .. ug.ofScripfurc th. t
tdl.howGod inmcbf,g,nningplan .. d."cr
ofkno ...
paudi toal!o,,,harlif.ilanaincdthrough
knowl.dg . ltwu bccau,efhe fin'mendid.
nO' un thi. knowlrdgc ... lIh dun he .. " ,ha!
theyweu.1r1pp<dofitbrth.deccitof ,hr
Krp<nI .For,hc ,.nnolbf, lifewithouI
knowledgclnymo.c,han,h .. cc.nb.lound
knowledge ... "hou'g. nu,n. life. $<I thr tWO
u.,.. ....... pJanl.dd<etog<,h . LITT TO

THBT. no.L,.BS,.. OU:USW"OO ..
"""CH"' I T.J.II0MB,Now ifwiodom " ,h.
".., oflif .. Wiodom ;,nlf ""ieed i.Chrill.' ' ''''
und. ... undno .. ,h .. th.m.nwhoi.ble ... d
.ndholri.compar.d to,hi. , .... - th., i h. i.
comp .... d 10 Wiodom. COnKquenu)".,..... Ott
.ootha,theJuJlrrun,th.,blNJ.dmanwho
huno,foUow.dth.roun .. Jof ,hc..;,k.d-
",ho h .. no,don. th'Ibulha. don<thil-i.
liketh.truthat ilplantednearrunn;ng
w.t.r. H.i inorh ....... rd&,li kc Chri ... ln ..
much .. hcn.i .. dwup.ogethc.and ... tedw
'og<rhc,inh nn:' YnuOtt.hen,ha.wr
. h.U ... ign,os .. hcrw;, hChri inhuvrn. \"ou
... . on ,h., bKlIIK ,hia tr hI. bttn plan d
in ,h. sarden of Ed<n. we hanallbcenpl.n",,:I
,h ..... og.th ..... i'h him. Ho .. " .. ' u I."
CH . .. T R .. To .... US To L' .""r THI T ....
OP L, .... Guc;ou o. N"<:'''''<:lIs: Ch.", "
brough,up.o,h. "cc . ndnailed ,on-yttb),
. h.t.reoflif. h u .o,u ul. Ye . hruv
ucna,hi.fcrllcificdw;thhim;hewrap 1I

O ....
'K.:lW". 'V......d"- .... .... __
..... ......w-.,.,I,J."Ep01>6. "FC0&7.UFCfI!
2:1014 THE RIVER OF E DEN
lOA riwr flowed OWl of Ede,,' le waler garder..' ""d d,err it divided And bnAmt fowr
rivers. ' " Tht tlAmt ofthtfi,s,;s Pilhon; ' it il tht Oll t whi,hflOWJ arol<lId tht wholt lAnd of
H"vilah,' wbt rt ,here;1 gold; 'lll nd tht gold of thllt [alld 11 good; [bdelli"", and onyx
1I0Ilt }" art ,here. " Tbt nllme of tht s",ond rivtr is Giho!!;" 11 ;1 tht Ont whirh flowl
dro"r.d tht whole land of CUlh." " And the nAmt of rht third river il Tig,is. which flows
(,"stof1H Allyri ... Andthtfowrrhrivrril ,heEl<pbults.
U2r.- :.:a: ....... ......,_ux_':.n_=_ -...u_ ...
loiooooo>":..o: ... _
0 """',8"" W'ntn .h. "vcr of Ed.n flo .... oll, ar. dineren. ,n nuu and .11 irom ,nt h"a<!
of Ih. guden.1t .. InlO fou, flVtn. "'I,,,h (E .... ant). Each ...... ,v"'I>OiLcal,, "relen ..
G'I<UIS""g-'4
vi m .. : ofCh" .. i.n f .. i.h (A"'_il). Tht

ocean rhat.ndrclc. [hc earlh ( JoH"o,DA'

, n.a,ionofthcrclourccful,comMnin,lnd
hft1l,wing<hurch(Cr,.. .... ,,,.CH .. Y5OlI,.., .. ).
6ut,ht rivtfl n"\u ..
callyr h."h. yar.auum.droh ... nu actual
lIIcnc.(CHRrsosro .. ).
2: 10 14 A Flow.dfro ... Ed,n
DUC .. .. OF THHRIV .. o. Eoil ...
E' HluorHIISY. ,u,:MoltS turn.dtowrtt.
abou,chc.,vutha,flowcdou,fromp.r.dllt
and,h,.onc.ouuidcof i"dwidtdin,ofour
di .. inct.ou".' .... ying. Attvorflow.doulof
Ed.n'o 'n'.rp;lr.di . H.r ooM""ucall.
,hcdolightful"ndofparad"" Ed.n. If ,h,
nvorhadindeedwa .. "td p ... di . i,would
"0' h divid.d in,o.h. fou', " r.ou"id.
n.l would . ugg"" ,ha, " " .... p".h'p.du. , 0
conv.nuon,h .. ,u .. "".d",o,,.,cr;.,ncc.h.
' p",fual'T.uofpaTadi h.dnon".dof
war"r.Bu, if..,m.on hould"'r th., b"cau
,hr"c1pi.;,uat.h.yd.inkfrom.h.bl",ud
and.p .. iruol w ... r. ,h .... 1 wouldno'qu . .... l
"" ... h".Th. four r,v .... ha,flow"d from
,h .. ttlvcrwcrcnor.i mi lar,nlu<c,o .hc
hcad.pring.Forifth.w.,,, ,,ofourland,,art
.llbc,ngpl . .. d undC<th ... n nccoflcu ....
how much mo. " d, .. inCl ohould .h" ...... of
,h. bl . .. ... of
.. d undcr' h.curac
of, heJl1.ItOn"du. , oAd.ml rran'grcu ,on of
.ht comm.ndmen, ! Th" four rw., ... . hen. a ..
h., .,: ,h. P"hon. wh,ch ",hc Danu;,.,; .h.
Gihor .. ..,hicn .. 'n."'il.:.nd,h.n,h.Tigri.
and.h.Eupnr ... .be.",e.nwh,chw.d",dl.
Ahhough,h.piacc.iromwh.ch .n .. /lo"'lrc
knowr..,h.lourcc o; , n<lpnn, .. no:knowr.
S.cau.tpl",dilti, .tton a grea,hcigh . he
,.;veu.rc' ..... UoWi:dup.ga.n,.nd,h.yg"
doW'nto,h.uaui f ,hrougha,,,n ... atcrduc, .
.nd lo.hcypa .. . hrough,h.careh.h i.
under.h cainto,hi.land.Theca"h,h.n
Ipiuou.cachon. of,h.m:.h.Oanubc.which
,. ,hc P,. hon. in.hc,.,. .. " h"Gihon,n'f.(
,otl,h: and th. Euphra, ... nd.heTigri . in th.
noe.n, Co ....... uuo"G ..... ' s a.6.'
Sy ... OLlC/lohA .. ' .. COF TMtiFolI .. R.vti ....
A .. IRon, Th.riy.,:we.r" .old: i ... p'
ra din,ofourbranch .. :Thcn.nteofon.i,
Piohon, whieh .ne"d",allth,"ndofH.vi ...
...hercth."ulold.And thcgoldolh .... nd "
good: bdellium and ,here. Th. nlm,
of.hc .. <ond riveri. Gihon.Thi. riy", "ne",
cl aU th. land of Ethiopia. The n.mc of.h.
th,rd.wcrioTignl. whoch nv fl_. b)' th.
AUy,,"n . And,f.(fourthTive, i,.hc Euph
... " . There.r . ,herefore. f"u, riy .... Pi .
h01'l-'" uned by ,he H.br,wl but nam.d
Gangcooyth.Grocko-flQWI,nm.d ...... on
oflndta. Gihon .. ,heriv ... Nil ..... hichfl ......
a.ound ,htland of Egyp' o. E.hiopia. Th,"nd
"ndo .. dby ,h. Tigri, and EuphealcoriyerJi,
called M ...... p"'.mi.a beeaUU'1 livu Oc ...... n
.hcocrwonl'C1'$. Thi . nlm. """v.Y' iuloca
.iontv.n,of,,dlllanlp"0pl .. . ndbc.id
.xprc ..... popularOcli.f.6u,howi. ,hefoun'
call.d ,h. Wiodom ofGod!Tha, ,hi. i. a foun,
Ih.Go'p"I .. U.w .nm.wor,ulf lny<>nc
,hi .. ,. I", him . ome '0 m. and d .. nk."' Wiodom
i foun,.cco.ding ,o.h'proph.,,Comc and
u.m)'b ... adanddtltu.tl'ltw,ncwhidtlhlYc
m'ngled for ....... :' AI \Yiodom i h. MUntam
oflif . ,t "aUo,hefounla,n of.piriruolgn a .
hi, . I.o tn.founta,nof o,h. , .;,ruc. lha:
f
I
guideu.""hecouneofe .. moJlife.Therefort,
,he.tream . horirriga"'paradi.eri.ufTomthe
.oul when well.illed. nO. f.om the.oul tha, lies
uncultivated.Th. r.sulnfromitarefruir"cu
of diverse vir.u . Ther. a fou r principal
"e ha.con<ti.ure.he divi.io ... ofWisdom
Th .., .., the welllmown four princip.l vir
tu .. 'prudcnce . emp ... nce.fortitudeandj u.
.ice. Th. wi.e m.n of,hi. world h.ve adopted
hi. divi,ion from us and ,ran. fer..,d i,.o their
wri,ing<. Hence.Wi.dom ,lCua he ... urce
fromwhich.h .... fou.riv .... ak.th.;rri .. .
producing.t ..... m.that compo .. dofth .. .
Pi.hon.thcr.fore.Jtand.rorprudcnce
H.ncei, haspur.gold.brilh.nt rubies and
topa:Jton.s.W. oft.nrcf.r,owiscdiscove.ie.
asgold ,th.Lordypcak,ng,h.oughth.
prophct:"lgave,o.hemgold.ndsilvcr."
D.nieluy. of.hewi.c:"tfyousl"pamong,hc
midltofth.lot you.h.llbcaoth. wing.of
th.dove cov.r.dwith silv.randth.hindcr
paru ofh.r back likc,ogold."' In thi. "'a)' on.
who pu"hio.,u", ,n the.id of ,h. Old and
Ne .... Testam.n, can b)' r ou.edul inqui,)
a ain ,h. inmo" . ccrct.of,hcWi.domof
Goo. Herc . hercforc.i. found purcgold. no,
h.m".lthati.mcltcd.whichbelong.tothi.
.arthandi ubj ... tocorrup.ion.ln.hi.land
we arc.old.,h",.i. found ,h. brillian. ruby
stonc in which therccxisu.h. vltal.park of
ou,souh.H .... . oo.i.,h.rop.:"on. ,h.,br
,h. naturcof i"colorrcvcals.n eff."of grc.n
n . .. . ndvi,.lit). Pl.n<. ,hat are .liv.giv. forth
grcen oprouto.whil. tho ... hor arc dead arc
pl .... nddr)".Th ... rthgro,,.grc.nwheni '
i,,"bloom.Thc.ecds.too .
.hoo .. ,nthci r p.nod, of grow,h.Tnc Tlv",
l'ishon u cigh.fullr g,,cn firs: placc.Tn.
H.brcw.collj,Pheoj"Son. wnienm.an.
"eh.nycofmoutn: bec. usc.,f,ow,cven
.hrough Lydi. and not merclraround one
n.tion. for Wisdom. whicn i. ofbcn.fit.o all
m.n.i.productin.ndustful.Hcncc.if.p ...
sonwctc,olcovcparadis hi. r ivcrofWi.
dom would be ,he firs. obj.ct he would meet
Thu. he may no. become inert ,tndarid and hi .
return ,op.radi.e m.ybcf.eili t.ted. Many
mcnreJOn,o,hi
have mac"clous bcautyand fecundity. Accord
ingl)lti. rcgardcda< a figu ofWi.dom
whichconferom.nifoldfTu".In.h.comingo(
th. Lord ofulvation. It Aow o.he very end.
of,he .. rtn.bceausebr Wi,domallh.v.bcen
r.deemed. ThU$ it i. w,""en:" Th.ir sound ha<
gon.fo .. hin.oall.h ..... h.ndthClrworw
unto the end of.h. wo.ld."
Th ceondriv.ri.Gihon.brwhich. when
.herwerc.ojourningin Egyp'. " ... laid down
.h. l.wofth. Jsr.eli .... ha"her.hould
depa" from Egyp .' and having girded th.ir
loino,h.).hould ignof."mpcr.Rp ...
.. kcof . l.mb.lt.i. fittingthatth. ch .... and
,h anctificd,ho"ldcel.",.te th, Paschof
,h. Lo.d. For rhat .... on h. ob rv.nce of
.h.l.wwa$fi."carrlCdou.bc.idetha.rivct .
he nam.ofwhich signifieo an openingof.he
.arth. Ther.forc.ju .... an op.ning.b ... rb
th "h.ndwh . .. ... nd.cfusc
,hcrcmr brini:. inlikcm.nncrchutiq
tend o coniume.n.h. p.s"ono of ,h. body
Approp"atel). then. ,h.ob",,.ncc of rh.
e"abll.hedl.,.,fimrookplacc . here.bcc.u ..
carnal.in " .b.orbcd b)" ,h. law. And ' 0
Gihon. which ... figurcofcnasti.)".i ... id.o
.urroundthelandofEthiopi. inordtrto
,, .. haw.)' ourlowi ) bodit<andqucncb.h

m Latln,," ;'o,)"and,il.: \\rn,,:i . more io,,I)".
.. ha, is mOr<: 1iI E.hiopia. man ou.bodiu.
blacken.d. 100. by cht darkn .... of
Tht third ,iyer i. th. uS',a. which f10wa
by .htASlyrianl.nd.To.hil.iv h.
d"uiv". b.ul was dragged as. prison.,. Thi'
""",il thclwin.-s,ofoll , i""".TheAasy,ianJ
d ..... Ubyi.,gua.d;ngiucourat-for,hilil
ch. m.an,ng of ill nam . H.nc. cho ..... ho by
.h."formud.hold,nchkch"guilcfulvicu
ofthcbody.nddi c hem .. lv ,ohigher
thing.arcthougl"tohav .... m
mon with ,h .. fi"" . For that m uon for
"tud man .... frOnl,ha, JOU'CCin p,r.di, .
Fonirudc in t<. rapid COlI . .. toUCS lIide
.vuy.hinlllundlng.nitJp.,h.ndlike.hi.
.iv.ril no,hindu.dbyanymu ... ialobnad .
Th. fOIl h """,i.th. Euphra .... which
mcan.inLa.in"ilIndityandabundanc.of
fr"i":ltp.uen".'ymbolofj .... i.thtnou'
,ohm .. n. of""'Y ... II!. No .imK produc ..
more.buncUntNnd'tJth.n."uiryo'junice.
which i,morcconc.,n.d ... i.h o.h ... than with
.... If. n.glecting iu own ad".nuSU and p",f.,.
nng,h.commongood.Manyd.ri"cEuphrat
from ,h. I .... d,.u h .. iI.
from.f .... ingofllladn ... :bo:c.usc th. human
nc ejo,cuinnothingmore.hani.doe.in
j".nc nd."ut<),Th."u ... "",as,owhy.
al.houghth.locanon,...,lfof'o,hn"" .. iI
.. port .. d.w.n. ...... noducrip,ionofth.r.gioOi
.hrougnwh,chth ... ,,Euphra flo .... cal ..
io nan ... ".Tn ... ." ... ofth .. riv.r.rccon
.id ... d,oh.v v;talqualirylh .. fo ... "
grtt ... thand,ncreasc. 'Nhcr.forethcwIKm.n
monglh.H.br ..... andth.ASlynan.c.ll.d
,hu rlvcr Awr.n [;ncrcu .. j ,ncontrad, .. inc.
""',o.h ....... rofooh .. ,rt".rs.T ... opp<>>
I>on nu b'en well utlbl"".d ... n w",;om
.nd mal"c. {or"tude.M'n . ...,'oil.ty ... mper .
t>Ce. aMocn.'''"' u.j ... rlCC,onth.orn ..
concordof'allth.oth.rv,r.u . H.ncei,i. not
known {rttm the pl.ce. frttm which i. f1owl.
th",il lolay.;,i.nOlknown;npan.j ... ,icc ..
nOldiv;.ible ;nlOp ..... hi uh ... , th.
mOlh .. ... follrr""'n ...
.ymbolizcdthcrcfo .. th. rourprincipal "i.
tu .... P ...... o' u J.,.,8.
R .... LR," ..... CHtt.Y50STo .. 'p.,rh.p . ho ....
ev .... ,ho .. peopl.wholik <>t.lkfrttm.h.ir
oWn w;.aom cIo no,conccdeaga;n.har ,hen
"v .... rcriv ... orthu ......... "'.lll'w .....
bu.propound ,Om. diff.renr;nt.rprcu,ionto
peopk ... dytol.ndth.mlh.,.ca ... l.e .....
howcv ...
bur ble>ck Our ura ag.inlt them; In ... inn.ad
place ollrcrcoi.nct;ncrcd Scriptllr nd
h .. d ... hari oldusthe .
G.,..SlS,;.1",6!
TH. R,,,,,, OP EO. N b T H E Ocu" T ' U T
ENCI.CUS T H II E .. .. TH. JOH>I D"H .. s,
cus:Thenthc .. ilrhee>c ndt arenci.dClrh.
. nti"'urdtlik ..... rtofri vcr.ndtowhichi r
... hen"
ui-dthar.ri ... rflowcdoutofpa .. d ... :hh ..
.... etpot.ble .. .... and.llppli h ........ but
bccauscthc .. a'er"'mainutlgnan.inth .... as
for a long Ome It bracki.h. Th lln
and ,h. ,,at.tIpoull ar. con .. antly d ..... ingup
th.l ... d ...., ... a .. r ndfromth .. ,hcdoll.u
arc fo,med and ,h. ralO come ,h. w.ter b ..
comini:.wect by fil .. a<;"n. Thil ocean isdi.
vided,n'ofourhca.ds.offournv .... Th.nam.
o(th.6 .. , is PlJhon;,h,. i.th.Gansuoflndi .
Th. name of the KCOnd IS G.hon; ,hu i h
Nil wh,ch (omeo down frttm E.h'opia 10'0
Egypt.Tncnamcoftitc.hirdtlT,gri . ndof'
hand'"titemosr,mpo"an:u,:rcprc'.nt$r'' ' 'FCf:!'2'.I)OJ.'l'GU:UO;FC1.,177.7l.

TK. Rn' OF ED." P ....
p, oUaIl THI!CHaI IT, u,CHuac;u.Cyp
The ,hur,h f.ui,flll <ree.
... lIhin in ... an . lt wat ... Ihe .. Ire.' with
fou, rwe .. , that is. with Ihe fou. Go.pcll,
f,om which i, bes,ows Ihe g'Ke ofbap".m by
,h.u.lllu.ryandhcavenly,nundallOn.Canh.
who"no"n.ide,hechurchbcwal.redf,om
.h.folln 'n.oflhechurchlH ...... ouldon.
who ,s pcrver .. and condemn.db}' h,msclf
and ban"hed beyond Ihc fOlln, .. n.ofpara
di .. p,ovidcahcal.hflllre.ollrceofwa .. r'
How could one whohu dricd IIp.nd has
fail.d .... th.h.drynu.of .... nal,h, .. ,
.... , ..... uPO" 1I11I"rydronluof
pa.aducfLITTIUO}.,O."
THIIC"OLlNG ST ... AMS 0' V ...... D'U.
CHUSO$TOM: AW";n'pi,ing, in trulh,are the
my""'" o( ,he church. Awuom. tru,h i. '"
"ha"Afounlainsprangupoutofpa .. d,se,
.. ndingforthnotonlyv,.ibleurumlbulal ...
'p,ri lual.trum.ari.ingu a foun,.in from
,h"high,ablrland.Along.ide .hi.folln .. in
th .. chavcgrown, no, willowlwi,hou,f.ui,
bu,abundan,rru. r.aching.ohuycniu.lf,
wi,hf,ui.cvor inICuonand.emliningltill
incorrup . lfl<l mron.i.intcnnlrho" lc,h"n
cometolh,.fountlinlndcooldown.hi.
fevc ... h hut. It dupcl'parch, ng hut a""
I""dycoohallthing.thlt .. cvcryh.,,-no,
onl)'tholfht ... Uyinflam.dby.h .... ". h t
butaIJ.OlhOI ,tonfi",br"n.burn,ng
Irrowl.ltdoCl.ob.cou .. "uk"". beg,n.

and from Ih.", il .. fcd. Many arc th. "rclm$
o(thllfoun, .. n,."eamsthlllheParad ...
ICnd.forlh:andlhcSonbccomultICUJlO
d,an, not heping".chann,l opcn w"ha m ..
lockb .. ,b)'mak,ngourhea'"rfCCP"VC,
46.4."
2:1; li GOD COMMANDS THE MAN NOT TO EAT
OF THE TREE OF THE KNOWLEDGE
OF GOOD AND EVIL
Il Tht LoaD God look Iht ma"' pili bim ," Iht gardtn till " <lnd "'.tr I:.
'fAnd Ibt LOAD God comma"dt.llht m<ln,' illyi "g, ' rOil fttely talllf tutr] ,rlt of Ih.
gardln; " bill of rh. Irtt of rh. "'no ... l,dg. of gDO.l and ]1111 dUll! "01 ta:, (IIr In lb .Ill)
Ih<lI]lIl1ll1ll1filyollihaUdit:
QYla" l Bw:To lilla"d kocr ,h, glrd.n mean, m,"" firn man " "$ eT<'
,obelocv. ,"Godandlokccrln. comma"';. a .. d pc.foc: In,! iotnll rcaSon "'upjacc<i'n
Ed.n,ogua,di, (OR,GENj. Heworkedand
guordedthegard.nofEd.n.buthi,workwa.
not toil.ome (AUGUSTINS). Tho work of the
fi,,, ma" demons" .... that there i.a natural
b.nt fo, work in man (Sn. eoN THB NBW
T"."LOGIANj.
Th., ... ofknowlodgeisa bound. ry totho
inner<egionofpaTOdis EpHRBN). Theneeof
the knowledgeofgoodand.vil gOt its namo
bdore man brokt God', commandm.n, by
touch1ng it (AUGUSTINBj . God', d.cr . which
"a, ..
sign of his grace (ATH"""slus). The d<.,h
Impotod b)' God on ,ho .. whowiU "ansgr ...
hi. decree i complet. du,h (AUGUST'NB).
Th. " .. brought moruliTJ' to mm. but in th.
rormof.h<croSl ir will bring them intop ... -
di sc J nUSAlEM). Th. "e. of know I
odgesymbolicaUrreprescntsthopowt,o(
discornm.n,(jo"N".OA", A&CUsj.
[n paradi .. Adam lived in hi. body on
"hbu,i" h ..
Ed.n he could u, of every ".e free ly (JOH"
OfO ...... SCUS) but wi,hin ,h. bound.ri ... et
(CHRYSOSTOM). n.o tro. of ,h. I:nowlodg. of
good .nd evilpoinutoth wtn,$.Oofdivine
con .. mpl .. ion (JoHNofO ...... scus).Th.I ....
"gi .. nas. ma .. rial for free witl toacr upon
(G .... GORY 0. N .. zI .. "zus j in order toencOur
.ge tbe u<rcis. of virtu. (CHRYSOSTO .. j.
2,15 n,. .. Put in th. Gilrd,n 10 Till Jt
TH. F'RST Mu, PU.CBO IN EOBN a UCAun
OF H, s P."'IICTION. O"".:aN: How would
Godh.Yepl.cedwh.t", .. imper.
fec,.nparadi .. " , workandguardi t fFo.b<
wbo " capabieof ..
d to
spri n upaf .. rw.rd.wouldnot u onahl r h.
:aUedimp<r':.Pernaps, lher . . Jthougnh<
WH h. bocamo impufocr in som. w'),
b"'\lStofh;srr.n'grusionandwa.inn .. d
of one to perfect him from hi. imperfection
.

MAN's WOR>, IN EDEN WAS NOT TOll '
SOME. AUGUSTH<f: Although man was pl.ced
in p.radi ... o as.o work.ndguard il . that
praioeworth)' work was not ,oil.ome. For the
work in paradise i. quite diff'erent from the
workontheunhro ... hichhewa.condemned
.f .. r,h in.Thoaddition".nd toguardit"
it was. For in tb.
tranquih.yofththappy lir., ... h.rethe .. isno
death. ,h. onlj' work is '0 guard wna'rou po .
..... Two BOOKS ON GBNUIS AG"' NST THE
M ..... ICH .. E ..
T, LLl NG .. NO K n "'NG T .. . G .... 01JN.
SnvuuNoFC .. uL .. :Tillingth th.
ko.ping th< commandmena of God and fide!
ity totho5<comm. ndmen .. wa. the"Labor "of
God . .. . JuSlubeJieYinginChri .. i -worl::
,0 .1.0 ... 'u Ad.m'.fai,hfulkupingofGod',
comm.nd. Jfh.,ouch.d,he "et, h. w<>uld
di . . "Work"
wa. kceping,h. spiritual word ..
Tho tut uy. "wo.l: and protect it." From
what, There were no thieve . ,ravel .. o or peo
plc with bad in .. n,ion,,'Procr i, from
whu, From him .. lf. Do nO, i, b)' an"
gre .. ing,he command.ln .... d.h.wouldprt
.. rverhecommandm.ntandin ,od<>ing
pres.rvenim. elfinpa,adi . ONTHfCU'
ATIONOFTHHWOUO S-s. '
T HIS WOR>' OENONST"A.TU M .. N'. " .. T ....
"'ALB.NTPO,, ' VOR>,. $VMBONTHENE"
THBOLOG,,,r<:]n the bcg;nn;ng man "'ascrt-
a,.dw;thanlture;nc!ined<owotk.forin
paradise Adam was enjoined to till the
g.oundandcanfo.it.andthereisinuia
naturalben,forwork.themovemen,.oward
,he good. Those who yidd thcm,dves '0
idleneuandapathy.eventhough.heymaJ
be spiritual and holy.hutlrhmselv .. in.o
unnaruralsubrction.opassions.D, .-
2, 16-17 ltfAn Forbidd.n roE .. lof lht Tret
of Ih. Know!edgt of Good And Evil
THE T .. HE OF KNOWLeDGE A S OUN"""'t

In.hcvuy mids,hcpl.nted
Ihe Tree of Knowledge.
cndQwing 11 with wonder.
hedging i,in with dread
oOlhati,mightstraighrw.yse.V<'
u. boundary to.he inner rtg,onof
parad,.c_
Two rhing. did Adorn hut
in.hatsingltdu .. .,
tha hey.hould not ea'Qfi,
and.hat.bY l hrinkingfmmi"
they shQuld perccive.h .. it wu no, lawful
IOpenetraICfurthtt.beyondth.t,,
HYMNso"P"""",sa,.,.'
T.n V"LUE OF EVIlItY Tllu.JOH" OF DA'
MAScus:ForGod"rl."Ofevery rreeofpara
d .. eYQu.hancu,"rncaning.lthink,bymeans
of all creatcd things you wili be drawn up.o
me . heirCrea<o . and fmm.hcm rcap.he Onc
fru", which is mysdf. wh<> am .hclrue life. Let
.11 ,hings bt f,uitfuliif.t<>you,anci m.kep.,
,ic,pati<>ninmt.obttht.ubstanccofy<>u"
ownexistence.f<>r,nu' y<>u,hallb.,mmof
..
DIO THE TlllIlI Of THII KNOWLHOGH
Of Gooo ANO Evil. GilT ITs N u u! AVGVS-
TI"H:WithoutgO<>drca.onccrtainwritcn .. e
dccplypunlcdwhcnthcy . .. k.odi.covet
hQW the t .. e ofthc knowledge ofgO<>d and
ev;lcouldhavchccn,Q,all.db.fore man
b.ok.God.commandmcntby.ouching;,
and from expcrienccdi.ccrning the diff .. enc"
betwecn thc good that he lost and the evil ,ha,
he cQmmitted.NQw,lhi."ccwugiven.his

Iheprohibi'ionandn<>'toucbit,taking carc
10 avoid suffcringthc con.eque"ce. of,ouch -
;ng;' aga,n" ,he prohibit;on. Ir was no,
becau .. thcysubsequentl),wenraga,n .. ,he
co.nmandmen,anda .. thefru;"ha"bctru
became the "ee of the knowledgeofg<><>d and
eviL Even if the), had remained obcdicn' and
h.d,.ken nothing.gai n" ,hat command
ment.i,w<>uldbec<>rrcct!ycalledbrwh.,
w<>uldhappcn 1<> them th .. c ifthcr had taken
.h. fruit. ON T.U L'TU,AL
oFGaNUIs&.I$.j)."
THE Two TIl>lIl . SaV>lIl'"'' OF GAUL,<: Th.
TreeofLif" .. ood in the middle of paradi
like ... ophJ'.ThtTrC<' ofKn<>wlcdgc.,ood a.
a con,ut. If you keep.hc commandmcn, of
thi,trcc.youwiJlrccc;vea prize_Socon.id ..
this marvelous dlOught: Evttv rrccin parad,.e
,,'as in blo<>m.and fruit wa. 10 abundan<r
.vcrywh .... Oniyi n.hec. n .. rarctheduoof
,<>mpe",,<>n and .. ruggl., THB CU4T'O"

Goo's PIlOHIBI T]O"" S, ,,,, OF H , . G ..... C E.
ATH"""S,,)s:Knowingoncc morcho"' ,he
'51>=,,,,' ' H0f>91 'FC17.:!11,'AC\Io " ,SS.S6,'P::
>600&;
willofmlncouldlwly.oti.hulidc. inlll.ic
'pacioIlGoducurcd.hc,racc,i<'1'lIlhemby'
commlndandbytheplaccwherchcplll.hem.
Forh.b.ough hcminlohi.own,udcnand
g.vcthemlllw.orha,.iflberkeplthegrace
and rcm.incd good. lhey mighl "ill kccpthe
life.npar.diuwi,holl.oorn)wo'p.ino,eare.
"".,dcl having thc prom.lCofil\Corn.tpuon in
hu ... n. Bill if,hcytranlg,eucdand,",ncd
back.nd""elm.e"i1. ther m,gh,kn ..... ,hat
th.y .... crc'ncllrrlng,hllcorrllpllonindea.h
.hatwUlhclf.byna.u.e.noLongertoilvein
plf.diubu,ClJlou,ofilf.om,hatumcforth
,od,c.nd abicie in cicath and corrup.ion. 0"
THI I .. C ......... T'O ... 1 .. '
THI Low G,V.", ToAo .... ,''' P ....... o.u.
GUGO",Y OF N .. z ... ",zus: [God gavc A.um] I
1 ... .. ,mar.".lfo.hl$fr ..... ill . oac.on.
nu. 10 ... WII a commandmen .... o whit
pl.onuhe m'ghl ... hich One h.
migh,nol,ollch.Thi,la.,er ... uthctfeeo(
knowkdgc:no . ho ... "v . ""call i, ... uevil
from the ""''''ntngwhenplan.ed.nor wu11

nOllh nem'CJofGod ...
.haldlf .. "onor,mltll h."'rpcn:.BII.il
ifparlahnofal .he
proper "me. Th. ....... 10 my
.. i')n,whi<hilufeonl)'for
ho$Cwhoh.ve,eachedmllurityofhbil.o
elllcrupon.bll: ... hichi. notgoodfo"ho$C
who a.c $tiU IOmewh "mple andg,cedy.jllu
u ne,th., "lOlid foodgood for.holC who arc
".1 tender Ind of milk. SICO .. O
O ..... no'" 0 ... E"5TU 8.
B"T ......... " au".G GOI'"P"Olt "ITIO'"
Hu ...... ,Ty b Co .. " ',,,,,,, TO CO ... LITI
D ... TH.AIIGIIST.",[:GD<i,r.f.rrtngtothe
... i", .. t;'efjrllman ... hom
hehadullblilhedillpaculiu::ln,he .... Y
.halyolllh.llu.ofit.yolllhalldietht
deuh." H; . Ihceal illcluded 110. ollly.hefirll
partof.hefj",deuh hui helolll'lde.
privatioll of God; no. only . he Iccond pari of
thefjratdeath. thotil.thcbodyldeprivation
of.helolll:llo,onlythewholcofthefjn.
dcuhill",hich,hclolIl.lcpauI.df,ombo.h
God alldthe body. i.punUh.d;bu .... hllucr
ofdcathllllp.olndindlld,ngtlta I .. o.
IIl.clyfjll.l.nd.o.caHedluonddcuh . .. ln
which.hclolIl.dcp.ivedofGodbllluniled
rothebod),llffcrl elCrnalp"nilhmcnt.
C.TYOFGooI1t1"
TH. T".I .... THI Fo" .. OF THI C .. OU
6"'''GI S .. LUTIO" TO Hu .... ... TT.
JUIIUU .. : Al,hougb ,0 A.um I,"'U wd
"Fo,thedaryolI ... ofi . youmulld,e:
.oday"rouh.vebcenfa;.hfuI.Todarwill
b.ingyollul""ion.The tree brollghlrll,n'o
Adam;.hct.tt [of life I lhaHbringyo .. ,n.o
p.radlle. Fur nO. ,be le'p.nt: h. , hallno:
e",I YO" Ollt. for he hu f,Hen from
urno. to YOII.Thi.d.aYYOu5halldep''':
bUI"Th" day y ..... hall "" with me.""C .. n.
CHIT.CAlLICTII"U',ll."
TH. T" .. Of "' .. owLa" Ga Rlln,IU"'TI
T H. Pow." 0 . D , sc. " "' .. . ,,T.JoHI<o
D .... AScus: The cc or of good
Induililth.po ..... ofdi.cc.nmtnlbymlllti.
ci,m.nl;onal "uion. Th .. i. 'he comple.e
know.ng of one'. Own natu..,. Of ,,,.If ' I mill '
ifCJlllhcmagllin.:cllceofth.Crutor ntlni.
good fo,them thlf aTe fuUgrown alld have
u .... ""
_" ...........
"FCM;J4.2S
in the contemplation of God-for
them that hav.nof.arofchanging,becau,.in
thccouneof.ime.heyhaveacquir.dacenain
habirof.uchcontemplorion.lti,notgood,
however,for.uch as arenill young and arc
moreg.cedyin theitappetit . who,buau.c
of,h.uncenaintyofth.irp .... veranc. inth.
trut good and l><cau$O of their not YCt l><ing
,olidlyenabli ,hd inth.ir applicat ion.o.he
only good. are naturally indined to be drawn
.w.yanddiracredhyth.i,..,licitudefor
,he"ownbodiu.ORTHoooxF..'TH . tt. "
TMBTI""o.L, n . Jo""orD"",,,scus
Some hav. imagined paradise.o have bcen
m.te,ial.whileother,haveimaginedi"o
havcbc.nspiri.ual.How.ver.i'$Ocm"ome
,hatjuSta.<m.nw.,cre ... dbo, h nsi.ivc
.ndintell.ctual"odidthi'mo ..
domainofhish.vethetwofolda.pectofbcing
p .. ceptibl.bo.h to the n .. , and to th.
mind. For while in hi,bodj' he dweh in ,hi.
mo .. ucredandluperblybeaulifulpl..a.
we hove.elatcd.spiritually he resid.d in .
loftier.ndfar more beautiful place. n .. e ht
hod the indwelling God as a dwelling place
and wore him as a glo.ious g rnent, H. was
wrapped abou. wi.h hi. g,aa. and like SOme
One of the ang<:1s he.ejoiced in the.njoymen.
of,ha,ontmo".we .. f.ui,whichis.h.con
ternpla<ionofGod.andby.hi.h.wasnour
i.hed.Now.hi.i,indeedwha,isfi.ti ngIJ
catl.d .he" oflif . fo,th w".,ne"of
divine contempl.tion communicate. a life
uninterruptcdbyd ... htothcmthatpa.toke
F"IT"
1820 A HELPER FIT FOR THE MAN
IS NOT YET FOUND
"Then th. LOIlD God said. "It IJ nOt good tha: tht man should bt alone; I",;li m4kl him
a he!pH fir for hi",: "So owl of Ih. grow" d th. LOIlD God fo rmed tVI,y btut of Ih. fir1d
and tvery bird of the air, and brought thrm to th. man" to st. whM h. would <41l th .... , a"d
whalt"er Ihe man" ,aUrd tvtry livi ng ,,,atll'e, that wc. its name. m4n" gave nam"
to all utile, and 10 Ihe birds oflhe air, and to tVtTY beaJl ofth. field: bllt for tht mar. " Ihtrt
was lIotfounda htlptrfi:for him.
OVIIRVt"W, Man n .. cied a Decau .. he &O$TO", ). God Dmugh: tne >nlmal . 10 Adorn
"ill had to bt .. .. d In Ch,.;" (CH"'" b,' t". minist ry of angel , (AlJ(:unl"Ej ;r.
haT'
mony be.ween man and .h. anim.l. uill.d
befor.,he . ,n(EPH .....
l uperior.oth.m.ll ( .... llGu5TIN.). lnourag. ,
.h.nla.oChri
l .. h.Il,,'man,nEd.n
( lsucofN""svsHj.
Inlhenamingof.nimal.,humaniri,hon .
or.d(CHIlYSOSTO .. ) ..... d.muhibi ... wi
10 ... for .h nim.l. (bHu,,). which .r.
brough ohimby lh.Lord(CHIlTSOSTONj.
H .. " , h.domln,on of uono ... rn .. h"
m.'n 'n.d ( ...... BIlOS.j.
2: 18 Ml r l . NPf Th ... the Man
8 e Alonc"
M .. ", NIIOBD .. Hu ... 8.,0 ... Hu
R.."."' ...... TIO'" ' '''CH .... T.CH .. noSTo .. '
..... tha. um. ' God .. id,(..e,u.m .. kefor him .
he1p.r:bu, in Ih umu '. God uy. nO ouch

,h. Spm, need.ny o.h.r h.lp' Ho,,' much
nc.dof .. ".unco,nlh.fu,ureh h.who
IlIl.ou h.bod}, ofChrUl I .... ,.h.,"m.h.
m .. d. man to ,h. ,m'ge of God. bu, now h.
huuni dhim.oGodh,m lf ..... "ha im.
h.comn .. nd.d,h. m.n.orul".wu.h.fl , he.
. nd.h.be .. n . No,,h.hu .. , .
g,v.nwth,p"TI'
d".,o ,nh.bi,i,. No ... ' h.h .. opcn.d ,h. g
ofh ..... n . OIU ..... ' Ih., urn. m.n wu formed
on ,h. "nh dar.bec.uu ,h . .. on h.d 10 be
,0mplcd.Nowhei , form.don,h.flrJld.y
ndfrom.h.beginninglnd,n,h.ligh .
.. '
Wo ........ .. Run, .. ". TuTulu ..... : jln good .
nU, God) pN>V,d.d .. loolh. lp m .,fo, I.h.
manl th.t tnere might no.b ny,hinginhi l
10; tha: " . no' ilo"'!. Fo, God uid that ,ti,
notgood for.hem.n .obellon . Hekn.,,
full w.ll what . blc" ing .h. gender of Ma."
would be to him and.lso 10 th. chureh
A" .. ,NST M .... c 'o" , ... .'
.... n .... ' Ho .. . W.u P ..... o . ... S.Vu. , .. " Of
G ...... L .. : Whil e Adam had b.rn gi n .h.
whol.,.arth,he hadb ngiv.np .... dll.for
hi. hom . H. couldluvc .. ndgooulofp .....
di .. ,bul.ht: .. wuno habitabl'plac.for
hum.n. wyond iu bo,d.n-only for "..,
I"" In,m.b, four . footed .n,mali. wild mOno
... ".nd , .. w!ingbug . Hi . b .... meaand
palacc wuloc.dinparadi .. .
s.u"""of.hi . GodbtolLgh, ,h.llVing
(:Tutu,uto .... d .. n; .hrh.dbe.nupltr ... d
f"rnmh,m. For.l.v do no,.I .... y ... andin
Ih.i. m .... ", pr cncc;.h.,. ... pru.n, onl)
wh.n n.ed.d. The living (f.ature! w ...
nam.dlndimm.di .. ely n'a".' ..... dam.
how ..... , .. main.din p ... d, ... O!<THJCU
.. T'Of< Of'THI WOIlU)6'1.'
Ho,,' 0 . 0 GOD S ........ .... NI .... LI TO
.... D .... .... UGUST'''.: No ....... ohould no.
imagin. God bringing.h nim.l .to .... d.m in
I (fud.I) m .. cri.l w.}. What I ha .... id ,n
,h.p ... ed,ngbookaboullh.twOfoldworking
of diyi nePToo-id.ncc.houldbc.hel ph ...
W.muOlno,.uppo .. lha,thc lnom.b"", ..
btolLghtlo .... d.m ..... h.nhun ..... nd fo ... I ...
... kth.moulandd,i ... ,hem,n,olh."n ...
...hcn Ih.y.ngag. in the chase. Nor w .. th ...
I command lpok.nbra vo". from. doud in
wor.uthllr.,iona! cn,:a.ur<sonh .,ng
........ ldundetsundanclob<:)'.Ik .... uandbirc!1
baveno ueivec!.ucbp<lwe . But.cco.ding
tOlbei. nIlUre.h.yob.yGod.no.by ara.io
nal fru choice of th<: will buta<:cofding to th.
plan by which God movu all <rutura u ,h.
appropri.,e,im ... Ahhoughh.i.h;mtelf
unm ..... ed In .;me. ,he angd. who minifler 10
blmunc!e .. ,andinbiI Wo.dwhal,hing.are
lobe done., appo;nled tim . And h.nte.
w;tho",.ny,emp<lralmo.ioninGod . h
ngeb.re m"ved in lime 10 accompli.h hi.
will In .he <TeUura ,bat an lubju. lo,hem.
0 .. THE LITU.Al h"TIIPUT .. T'ON OF GIN.
A C., .. PUTI HA .... " .. Y B.TWU N M ..
.... DTH IA .. " ... u.E.HU .. THBSUJ .... :
M",cl laic!."God brougb, ,bem '" Adam:
Thll bap"",ned In o.d .. ,hI< God mlgb, make
known ,he wlwom of Acbm and .he ha.mon)
,hI! betw n ,he animalo and Adam
beforeh.'''''"g.elled,hec"mmandmen'.
Th. anImal. c. me 10 Adam u '" ,lOVIng
lh.ph.rc.Wi'h"ulfearlheypauedbcfor.

. ,n. Thcy WCf. nCld af.aid nfhim no, w ...
,h.yaf.aidof.acholher.A'p<:ciuofprec!o.
'''ry .",m.l, w"uld pUI by wi . h a Ipeciu nr
animo.lthll .. p,.y.dup"nfollnwingoafely
flgh,behinc.CO ..... NT .. noNG ..... , $
. t):
M .... II SU .... IO .. ToA .. y A .. ' ....... AUGUI
TlNm, Gnd fiut Ihnwed man hn .... much bCI '
le. h. wu.han callI. and aU irrational ani
mab. Thil is .. gnin.d by .h. IIU.m.n' Ih ..
al l Iheanimals "",rebrn .. gh"" h,rn.th"h.
mlllh,.cc,,h.,newn .. ldcall tne ..... ndgw.
,h.m name . Th" Ihn .. '"at man " be".:
.. 'ppeci than ,h nlmalo in ,.;" .. . " f ,
.nn ... nee nnh re .. "n ,h .. judg
themio ableloc! .. ,inguilhanc!knnwthcm
by name. The on. ic!u is an nor onc In

l>.ttuequipped,hancutle.Theo.h idcai.
a difficuh one '0 grasp. namel) . h .. br
whichheunc!u .. .. "nno.lpart
in him ,h ..... Iel 11 di .. in" f .,m ,he ammal
parI . whI ch il rultd. Two BooII ' ON
SlsA""' ''STTHl M .. "'C .......
THB HU ... L. M .... ; Is L , A D .... I .. En.",.
Is .... c O. N, ... VBH, Ht who .peau contemp'
tuously ago"UI .he humble man and does n,,:
c"nliderh,mananimate,realUr.ll1ih"ne
wh" h .. opened hi,m"Ulh'g.inll Go-ci. And
,bn .. gh,hehumbltmani.cnntemp,ibl.inhil
eye hllhnnn.llu.eem.dbr llcr .. "nn
Th. humble m.n app ..... ,he aven"us beu ...
and ... hen,helfguetclt. up<lnh,m . h .. .
wildnU$ I1 .. mec!. Tbty come .. p In him ... '"
thtirM"IO,.wallhei. h .. d.anduil nd
lick hi. hand. and f.c,. f". Ih.y I m.Ucom,ng
fmm hIm ,h .... m. letn' .h., uhaltd &om
Ad.mbefo.e lh.fo.ll . whenlh.y .... r.gath
ered,osetherbef.,..him.ndhegave,h.m
n.mes in paradIse. Th ....... taken a .. .y f.nm
w.b",Jesus h .. re new.d i,ancl g,ven il back
.0u, .h.nullhhiscnmmg.Th,.il ... hath ...
IweClened.hefug.anc. "f.h.rac. ofmen.
Ascn,c.u HO"'LIES 17.'
... ,c.o.N""' ''CT .. . A''' ''''L' .
C .. usoSYo .. , Th"se nam ... ha. (Adam]
impo$cdnn,hemr.m.inup,o.h'p,escn,
.ime. In ,hi . ... ay Gnd determined ,h., ... e
mig], tr .. .,nacnn ... n'TCmind",nf ,he
..'.e .... wh,ch.hthumanb.,n,from.h.n .. i
.e,recclv.dfrom';'cLordof ,nannmlgh,
attribu,erupon,ibilityforittremovalloa
perlOn who by lin PUI an abrllp' end 10 hi'
au,hority.Ho .. ,L' B50NGINu' 5'.:10. "
A .. , .... Li R BIBNT H" .... NP .... ' ON
A .... on: The tKuu of Ihe field and .he
birdJof,hea" ... hich...,RbroughtloAdom
Ire ouri.ndonal lenses. bocallle bult land
animals r'preoen, ,he diverse pauions o{lhe

ev.O of the mOR.empe ... e .... Godg .. n.ed
.0 you.hepower oftKingable.o dilcern by
thc.pplic ... ionofoobcrl<>gJC . Mlpeciao{
cKhand.v.ryobj.ninord"rthuyollmaybo
indllced to form 1jlldgmen,onaU oflhem.
God uJlcd them all ,oyour ... ention lO.ha.
you might reahzcthat your mh.diS l upe.ior
10 all of them. P ..... o'u '''S' S1.''
2:212; GOD CREATES WOMAN
I' SD God cllumi dup 'leep" 10 fll!1 upon Ihe mlln,! IIl1d whil. h, $Jepr rook on, I>f
hil rib, IIl1 d cloud "p it! pillet w;lh finh; " lInd rbe rib which tb. Low God hlld IlIken from
Ih. mlln h. mll.:l. ' ;1110 11 wOmOn IInd bro"ghl hr' 11> 110. mllO. u Th.n Iht man ' 'lIid,
'Thjl lllllllli,hntof"'Jbl>lIcI
andfir,hof myjl.,h;
Womall,1
b.ul/lt "'Ill IlIlttll 0,,1 of Mall.
" Tb .. cfo 11 hi, flllh" IIl1d hi' mGlhn and c1.lIve, 10 hil "'ift, and Ih.l
on,jlt,h. " "nd Ih, mllnllndhi' '''if' w e bOlhnalted,lInd",,,. norll,hllmcd
Qv."v, . w: 11 "out of. bare bone thu God of.hc fallen Eve', birth_giving (CHUSOSro .. ).
,n"and), crealCllhe full boaul)' of Wom1n The wOman w ... in order 10 help man ,n
(EI'HIlDt.CNuSOSTWI ). AI Eve ...... born good worlu (AIIGUST,S.) bUI .boye all for Ihe
wllnou, a mOlher.1O .. ... Jesus born wllholl'. like of boating . hHdren (A .. ftIlOSE .... UGUS
iath.r (Cu, c o. JE1I.USALE .. ). God willed Ina, TrNI). She " .. Iuper;or 10 an)' an,mal In he,
Ih" ,wn. mal e and female. be es.abli.ned.. abH,,}" to help ( E,I<IlDt). wnen Ihe woman
one (AM non ). Eye', creatIon ,,'U p.inl .... '0 wu cre.,ed from man', rib. he prooabi}"
,h. unf.lien Ad.m. ln cantru, witn Ine p'''' dreamed of the rib Ih: ..... remove.! fmrr.
him (En<UM). God
in fi ... man. him d.um for
fin. time (T ... TULU.o><). The fin. man poo.
n ... ed.hcpowe.ofproph.cy(CLI .. I><TOf
ALIIXA><DI,.o) .hroughwhichhund ... ,ood
what wu finally.o come (AUGUST'''.),
The ,,,,a.ion of the woman from the man',
rib Ilgnifiu that 'he woman I1 one with the
man. 11 Ch.", il one with the ch .. rch (AuGUI'
T,"I ).He.c.u.ion allO lymbohu lth.c. e
anonaflh hu.ch (]UONa.QuODVUlTOIU.j.
The unlan of man and woman impl iu a .clll.n
.alhei.a.igin(EP"R1!M).hallolymboliuo
.h.,pim .. aJmarriageafhumanbeinglwith
h.,hllrch (AuGUST,,,m) and,hoi.lln,an w ieh
Ch .... (AN .. "' .. ). Ha"' ...... th.y mill< be
Int p, ... duaninvita.ion.ach.,tltyand
celib.,) {A ...... .oHAT).1ne ch .. "h ... h.
mat he. af ,h. ... hUmanll),. u Eve ... u of
.h. aid (QIIODVULTDIi ... ). Bcfa.., 11n man and
wamanwe.cnak.d andn,,, "ham.d.becaulc
,he)' wc.e clathed with glo' r (Ep ...... N). n.i.
.u .. ala.gan,cauldna,affend.becau.ether
wc,cno "rr.dbyconcllpiacen,du,,.
(AlIGuST' NI).Wca..,b"p"ud ,uked,nord.,
la m1nd ". of Our form n.k.dn.u in p .....
d,n. wh.n wc wc.., naked and nOI uhamed
(CHlO' lOnDNj.
In ...... ion man and woman were nwd .. nd
001 uhamed. They we,.., nOI weighed down br
bodilrnccd.uth.ydcavedto...:hothe.
(C .... VSOSTON). The relarion of man and woman
'npa.aci, .. uanticipaultyoftn .... urrcaion..:
the fa .. hNl (GIJlGOIO' Of Nns..j. Ai't.cr doe fall
cameal,.nanon(DoIlOTliIiUlo,G.oU).
O. Of wham In Ine "'as
do.ma.h.rI.u?Bu,lheSCrip'" ...... Y'.h .. '
.... lborno .. ,ofAd.amI'id . lIEv.lh.n
bo.noulofman idcwilhaul.moth nd
il a child nOI 10 be!>orn wilhoul o fathcr. ofo
vi.gi,,, womb!Thi.dcbtofgratil .. de,, .. dlle
10 m.n f.om womankind: for Eve .. .. bega'
I.n of Ad am and no' cancciv.d ofo mo.hct.
bllluitwc,..,broughtfanhofmonalone.
C.oT.CH.T,CU LIiCT .... U 1 . 9. '
A D ... Su . "God cau.ed
drow.,nUI.o (amo upon Adom; ,he teX, oar',
"andhe.lepl:l, ,, .. ntoimpl,drawJl nu.,n .. t
came ..
wiscandlkillfulcrea,o-rofou, n .. ture,u
obo .. "a moveaneofAdaml ribJ,.lul.h.
up"".ncc callH Adorn .. fru,,ud 10 be b.adl)'
di'poud.o ... ard do. cruture formed from h ..
rib and throullh m.mOl'}ofthe pa.nbeara
grudg.oga,n., Ihi.being .. " . forma"on. God
induc<dinnimlhi.kindof.lccp.Godcau d
drowlinell 10 come u!",nhim andbidh,mbe
weigheddownulhoughbJ'lotneh.a"Y
.... igh,.Ho .. ,uuo,;Gn .. u's's.;.'
F"o"" AO.oN' R, . 55""".0'; orG ..... L.o
Did Adam nal suffer pain! D.d h. no: up"'"
.n .. ogonyfAlingl.hai ri 'pluck.dfrom,he
bod)' and wC fed pain. Enn ifone "dccplr
aol .. p, he wiJ].,...k. from thep.,n, He .
manrhai .. arepl .. ckedou . e":n a
dblarnau"and,heolccp .. do .. no,awoke!
Goddidnol..,movothe.ihvlOlend).wh"h
would ..... kenAd.m. H.d,d no. ",.encb il
all'. In .. cad SC.ip ...... d lflng.a , ...... 1.".
'1 .. ickne ...
.iboutofh,mlndhed,dno:.".kt:O,,THfi
CnnlO .. ofTHEWOILDSS '
Ev. be1o"en; Wnl< mo'; , cancc,ved ne,. 'NP"-'J' :"40. 'I"G_I.c.
TH. S b Now BONBO. M, BONB. EPHlI ..
THBS' .. ' .. N:"Thil now"-l h ... il.lheon.
wha h ... com. 10 me .. f,e. an'maJ. _is na,
l uchuthcy;thcycamefromth.carth,but
I h.i. "bon.of mybon.and Au hof myAuh:
Adam ... idthi itherinapropheticway or,u
nOledabow. ,according,oh ... isianln.l ... p.
Andj u,,",on thi. daj" .. n .he .. nimllo
r.c.h,.d from Adam.htir nam ..... ccordinglo
Ihcirk,nd ........ l .... th.bon ... m .. d .. 'n.o ..
wnm"n. he ulLd n", by h .. , proper name.
Ewc.butb) lhcnam.of wom .. n . h.n .. m.
bcl onging.o .h. whol.kind.Co .... fiNT .... IES

Wo ....... b M .. N' HUPfi ... AUGUi'
TI .. B:Scr>p'ur ..... y ha,.h .... aman" ...
m.d .... manlhclptr .a d .. ,by.piri' ... al
un,anlh.mlgh,brtngforrhlp,ritualoff
'pronl!, .ha.IO" h'goodworuofd,,"ln.
pr.i.."whil. he rule. and , he obey . He 11
ruled b,. wi.dom: sh ... b)' man. For Chri ..
lI .h .. h .. dof.he m.n, .. ndth.m .. n, ht
hud " f th ..... "m .. n. ' Two 8001<5 0'"
G!J<ES,sAa,,'NSTTHBM"J< lcH .. aANs
THB \1.'0 ....... b C ..... T.D PO .. 8 ..... , .. G
CH'LD .. ..... A ..... on: No, ",i,hou, "snifi.
''''', i f.ct .ha, ",,,man " U m .. d ..
ootofth.rib"fAdam.Sh .... aono.mad.of
.he nm. urth wi.h which h. wu formed, in
order.na,_migh,ruliu.ha,.h.phy.i.al
na,ur. ofbo.h man and woman i.id.nti J
and.ha hue,, .. onelo ... for,h'propaga
tlonofth.hum .. nn<c.For,h .. ,r.uon.nei
,h .. e" ... m .. nctn, .. d,og .. htrwi , h .. ... om .. n,
nOr "'''r'' 'wo m.n and tWO wOmcn ,ru.ed a.
, ,,,beg,nn,nl!.bu, fi ... I man andlfter,hl.a
wom .. n.God wil1ed ".h .. , human na.ure b.
.. nltockh .. elim,nued,h.
pouibil,ry <h .. , m .. ny dllJ"'ntn UN' " .hould
.rioc.H.id,-ul",mak.h,m .. h.lptr lik(
h,mn lf:W.unde .... nd,h.,' o me.n a
h.lp .. in.h.gen ...... ionof.hehuman f. m.
ilY_1 really good h.clp .... 1f wc u.k h. word
JxJp ... 'n.good...,n..,.th.n.h .... om.n.co
optr.,ion ru.n,ou, '" be lomtthing of m"Jo,
import in.h'p,ocell ofge nera, ion. juJlu ,h ..
ca"h by recci",ng. (onfinlng and f.,.ICring lh.
.....dca"' .. 't.agro..ndprotiuufrullln
Ilm . ln.hurupcCl, .h",dore, ... am .. n " ..
good he!peruen.ho" gh in. pO$;.ion oflt llcr
JI,engrh. W,find.nmpltl Of,h,s in our awn

,mpon.n,officu often .. nlt".h. hdpofpeo.
pi, who arc bdow .h.m in and ,,'eem.
P ...... OISlI 0.4 8 .'
A H. LPB .. po .. S ....... ,GC .. ,U' ... "' .
AUGu. TJN. :Now,uppo th. ",omanwu
no,mad.farthcman'ob. hi ,hdpc,m
btg.",ngchildr.n.tittnho .. wouldsnc be
Ihl. ,ohdph,ml lt .. ouldh .. rdI) bt.b,u ...
lhat , h, "'aul dbc m .. d. '0 ,iU ,h . .. " hw"h
him, for.h.r .. "' .. , no, yet u), !..oor r.'1ui r.d
'0 m .. ke h h.lp n.ccllarr. In Inr c . ... if
.here_.t.ny ... ch n d.1 m .. l. he!ptr would
be be" ... and th .... m.co .. l.d b a,dof.h.
comfo.tofano.her' pruenceifAd.mw ....
pe.hapl wcaryoflOli .,d . Hawmucnmort
agrecablyco .. ldrwomalef ... nd.s. rarh.,.,nan
I m.nand awam .. n. enJo)'comJ"'n,,,n.h,p
and conve .... ';on in. lift , har.d
And if.he)" had '0 m.k .... n ..... ng.m.nl in
,helt commonlif .. foron.to (ommand.ndth.
otb oaber ino. d.,.omlke . urelh.,
oppo. inr will. woul<!no:d" rup:.n.pta:t' 0:'
n,abl..hd .. on . Thul fr"'" .h .. ,nc.p. ',Got,u .. ' F: 4lol:-
6'
,hehouJehold"h.rew"uldhavebcenprop.r
.. nk ,,,auuuthi inccone wouldb.crutcd
f!nt and ,h. othcr.ccond,and thi$ would be
further rdnforad if ,he cond were made
from ,he fint.aJ wa. ,h. ca.e with ,h.
w"m.n.Surelr noon.will.ayth.,God , ....
bl o m.ktf.om ,he.ib of,he man only 0
woman and no, al.oam.n ifhehad wi.hed to
do so. C"nsequ.nrl). 1 do not.ee in wh ..
.enn th< woman wao made a helper for th.
man ifno,fot ,he,akeofbcuing children
O ... TMEL'TO .... "I ... TB"p"BT ...
SIS
A"" .... NOT ABU TO HELP MA" U
THH WOM .. ....
the p.radi the wOman was verr diHgenr:.h.
,, .. also a".nt;ve to Ih h p and attl., the
h.,d,.nddrov.sth .. w.reinth.field . Sh"
would.l,ohdp,hem.n wi,h the buildings .
pens . ndw;,h.nyo,htr,ask,h ... hewa,
"ap.hlc ofdoin.Th nimal . even ,hough
,h.)" wcr ub tlient. w ..., nor abl. 10 h.lp
h,mwithth thing . For,hi ..... onGod
m.d. for the man I helper who would b. ,On
amed for every.hing for which G"d hims.lf
",,,uldb.conarned.She w,,uldind dhelp
h,m in man)" ,hings. COMMB"T ... IlY ON GBN.
5'5'.".'
A,,..M DRUMS" WHEN WOM ... N W ... S CR. '
.. THO.EpHIlEM THE Sn, ... ,,:Tha,m.n,
,,ake,.noinredwi,h'plendor.andwhodid
n"'yerkno", . l'.p.fellonlh ,hnak.d
and,l.p,.hi,likelj,h .. Adam",,inhi.
d ... mwh.t\\, don."'hima'ifh.w ...,
.".ke.Af,,,, Adam'. rib h.d been raken"u, ,n
tne ,wlnkilOg": an eye,G"dd" .. dup,he
f,e.hrn" ' plac<rnrheblink"r.ney.la,h

all tn' ''e.utr ", . ",Om'n. God then brought
h.r '" Adam, wh" w.s b"th "ne .nd 'wo. H
",a, on" in ,h .. he ",a, Adam n d he "' ' wo
Mc.u .. h.h"dbunn .... d m.l nd
f.m.le.' CO .. M." ..... Il. GaNuls
GO"PRonUCHSI ... THBF'Rn M .. NTH
EC5T .. U ORII .. M. TU TUlU .. ,,: W. h"ld
the."ul,,,b.p .. enniallyactivebecau o(i,,
con,inualmovement.whichi ignb"th,,(
itodivinitya"di";mm",,alilj"So. then,
wh.n .e$l cornu-re ... ,h .. 'peci.] c"mfo
oflx>di .. _,he.oul di.darn " idl.n .... h.,
is alien ,,,i,,natur.and,d.prrvedof,h.fac
ul'ieo of ,he b"d). makes u.e of iu own. Thi.
pow.r w. call ...... y. Thi. occurs ""he" w.
a d.pr;v.d "f,h .... iv;') "f,h ... n
L.cking.en."rr inpu"he."ulref1ec ..
condi,ion,,,kinroddirium. " Thus,in,h.
b.ginning l .. p .... a.pr ... d.dbyec,,'r a
w. rud:"God .. or an ec"",y upon Adarn,
nd h lep,:Sleepb.ough,res, '0 ,h.b"dr
bu,ecsr"yc.mooo" the."ul andprev." .. d
it from resring . nd from tha"ime.hi .
cornbin.,ionconsrifu ... ,h.n.rurai.nd
""tm.l form "r,h. d .. arn. 0" THE SOU"
45. 1.;. "
TRI F'Rn MA,,' P"snsnD THII POWU. OF
PIlOPHHCT .. CUMB ... TOf ALIXA"OIlI ...
Am" ngrheH.bre,...rh.propheU'p"kebr
,h.p"w", ond in'piu,i"" "fGod. Ber",. Ih<
law Iher. was Adom, wh" u.ed a power ,,(
p'''phecy"v.rlhewom."and"nrthen.m .
ins"f.nimab;N"ah,pr chingup<ntanc.:
Ahrah.m,!sucandJacoboA'or'ngadurfon.
hadowingofa la'lc numb<: r of evenll future
orimmincn . ST.oM .. Tals I.IJS.J."
AD ... .. UNO ... T ..... D); . .. H" Ec' T .. n
W .. ... T \5 TO COM); . AUGUSTINE: H.nce we
'''jU5dfi.dinconcludin&.hat,hcultuyin
whICh Aclam wu caught up when God cas,
him ;n,o a , l p ,, .. giv.n 10 him 10 ,h., hi,
mindm,hll ..... mij!h'panicipa,.wi.hth.
hOllofangcband,.n .,n&.n,o.hc.aneluary
"fGod, u"d.n,.nd what ..... finallr 10 <Om'.
\.Vh.nh ..... olt.,h . ... .. likcon.fin.dwith
th.'pln,ofprDph.C).and ...
brou&h,bcfDr.him.hc,mmediac!ropencd
hi . mou.h.ndprocl .. im.d,h.gru.my .... y
,ha'S,. Paul " 'caches:-Thi. no'"11 bon.of
mrbon ... ndfl hofmrflClh;.h hallbc
call.dwoman.bccau.c.hch bccn k.nou,
of m.n. And for ,h .. reason I lOIn lhalllu
h"f .. h.r.ndhumo,hc.and.halldcav o
hi . wif.;.nd ,h. y lhall be ,h. two in On.
flesh:Th were the word. of ,h. fint m.n
Iccord,ng.o.h .,imDnrofScrip,ure, bu,in
th.GDl pclou,Lo,ddeclar.d , ha.God . pok.
th.m. For h. u.y,,- Havc you no. r.aci .hath.
,,ho m.d. th.m from the bcg,nnin& mId.
th.m mal ndfcml l nd .. id.For.hi. ru.
",n. mlnlhallluvc hi.f"h.r.ndmoth ..

'wo in on. fl uh!'From thi . ..... hould
und.r ... nd . hcr.fo .... h .. bcuu of,h.
u" .. y .ha,Ad.mhaci jlU, uperi.nc.dh.
" ... bl o .. Y'h,, prDph.,und.rdivin.
guid. ncc.ONT .. . LIT . .... LI"T ..... T .. noN
OFG,"ESI5919)6."
Tu! ' .... 0 .... '" b O"m W.TH T H E M .. " ... s
C H al5T 150 .. . W'THTH ICH u a CH.
Ilup;n&man.lba'hadnol . .. . purpo .. ,han
,o.ymboliu prophuic.Il) thrunion of
Chrill.nd h ilchur ch.Adlm. Il p"''' ,
myotic.1 fDruhadowing ofChrin. duth, and
wh.nhi. deadboclyhangingfromth.crou
w .. ... "'ffombi'"id.
'hllthU.i" u.dfonbthl'blood.nd ...... ,
Ihat. a. we kn""".ignifie. , hcucram.nu by
which ,h. church i. buil,up.-Built" i. the
v ...... word ,h. SUlp'U .. uoe' ,n conn.ion
wi,hE : H.buil"h ibin.o .... om.n." .
So ,00 St. P. ul Ip k. of bu ildinll up.h.
bodyofChri .. :" ... hichl. h "church. Th ....
fur. wOman i.u mu.h th"nutlon ofGod ..
man ... If .h .... o. mad. from .he mIn . hi.
w .. to. howhuDn.n .... withhim:.ndif,h.
...... m.d.inth ...... yah.wu.lhi.w ... op ...
figure th.onen . .. ofChrilt and thr churCh.
C'TYO.GODU.'7."
T .. I C .... no .. o. TH5 Wo .... " Sn' .OL'
'''' .. TH.C ..... TIONO. TH.CHU .. CH.J ...
o .. I :-God ,ooi:. rib from the side DfAclam
iUld m.d. i. in,o I womiUl." Hen: SCTipturc .. id
(huih-). Th.conccptofbuildi ng
inttndl.odenoc.th.conltrucllon of agrea,
houoc;_qumdyAdaml .ibf .. hlon.din."
a wom.n , ignifiu, hy apol tolicauthori,),,"
Chrilt :oru:lth. church, andthat is ... hySCrip
tur ... idhc fonncd ( .. dijit ... u) a woman from
th. rib. W.h.v. hcardahou,th.firltAd.m,l.r
uo com. no'" ID the _ond Adam and ... now
th.church"mad (...!!fi,,dfrom h ... iae.
Th id. Dfth. LordS,vloruh. hunllon th.
crouilpi.rccdwitbalancc. andfrom i hcrc
cDm .. fortb blood and ... ., . w .... J.:l you lilr..to
kno ... how the church " buil< up f,om ..... er
AUGUST.NE: Enn ,n the bcg,nnlOt:. wh.n '"Fe"" ,", "'a.r.po I'"'.
wDmanw .. 42:9$ "'C1",,: '"FC_..s.
andbloodIFir$(,throughthebapcilmofwa't.,

crown"h difice, HOMILtHS 66."
TH! CHU .. CH AS MOTHU. OP THII NIIW

P.ul,."ificsch31 chi. passage hu bo, h a
plain and an alJegorical meaning. Oiscuuing
i,inhi.I .... r,o,h.Eph.ian . he .. ,Hr.,
"Thi . i.agrea,mY"fjbu,I'peakconcern.
ing Chrisr and rh. church."" Thtgrea, my.
ICT)'is ,h31 Adam hop.s afrer receiving ,h.
p,omi . H s,hac,h pou .. inwhomh.
i. now united '0 him. ThH.fo he
Iymbolicall)" announc .. '0 u' ,h rhrough
f.i,h ,h. church will .... ,h. mo,h.rofhum .. n

crea,.d from ,he $ide of the al"ping Adom.
heh .. fo,.,een,ha,f,omrhe.ideofChr;st
hongingonrhecross.hechurch,whichi<in
truth.he mothe, ofche whole n.w human
kind, musr be creottd, lnfact.h.churchi l
".he womar. wno i. guard.d fo. a ,imt, and
,im . andhalf.,im.,from.hefaCtofthe
serpent."" OF P"OMISES AND PkRDIC'
T'O,",SOF GOI) 1.3."
2:24 Bu om;"gO" . F1 .. h
M ....... " I) WOM .. " U"'Tti AGA' '' . EPHREM
THE STRIAN: Then Adorn said:L .. ,h. man
leovehisfather.ndhi.mo,h.,.nddins,o
hi , wife.orha"heymigh,bejoi11.dand,he
twomighrbecom.one"withou,divil;onas
th.y w .. e from rhe beginning. COMMti"TAU


0" .. UNION TO THIICHU .. CH AND TO
CH .. , s AuGuS"NE:Sc"p,ureuid,"Am .. n
willl",'ef ..
rohil wif . and rhey wi!l be two in one fl.sh,"
Thi$iowh"gener .. Uyhappen.in!h.human
race. There is no orher war roview iu plain.
hi .. orical.ens . Bu, mnre 10. ,hi. i. all proph.
e9', and th."po$lle remind. u. of , hi. whcn
he sayo, - Fnr ,hi. reuon a man will leav" hi.
father and mo,herand he will dins '0 hi.
wife, and they will .... 'wo in one fle.h. Thi. is
grear my"er)'; I mean in Ch.in and in th.
church."" Two BOOKS ON GENESIS A""'''ST

T,, " BoNIANn FLU HOfTHII CHUI<CII.
AMBROSE: IfcheunionofAdamand Ev. i
great my.tcrrin Christ and in the church. it i.
certain !n..! as Ev.w .. bon. of rh. bone. of
hcrhusbandandfleshnfhi.fluh.we also ....
mcmb ... ofChri .. .bnd).bone.ofhisbon ..
andfl".h of hi. fl .. b. LHTSRS ToLHMEh'
8S'"
CLU V""GToGb" .. " ,, CLUVING TO THE
WORLn. From ,h. law w' hear';:
"Thereforeamanl.ave.hisfatnerandhi.
mo,hcrandclu"es,ohiswife.andrheywili
becom. on. fluh:This i gre., .. nd.ublim.
prophecy.Whoactuallyle .. .. ni.fa,h.rand
moth .. when he !ak .... wife, Thi. is ,h.
m.oningoflhe words: man in hi. original COn
d;'ion lovcdandworshipedGod,hisfathe,
and.h. Holr Spiri., hi. mo,her. H. did not
. lnorder<o, .. ke."';f .
man lcav .. his moth .... nd farher, ,no.e wnolt".

div.rted br,hi. world. Hi. soul and mind are
aw .. y from God and drawn in,o this
world that he ,doru ,nd a man Iov ..
th.wif.ofhi.youth:" n.lovefOJrthi, wifc
i.difl' ... n, from th. lov. for Ih.falh.r,nd
the mo,hcr. Sc:riptur dd.s. "Th.ywill
bc.omcon.nuh."lti" m.th.,uoorn.rn.n
makcon.nuhandl-OuJwithth.,.wif nd
th."m;ndand,hOJughn ...,dr'v.n.wayf.om
,heir f .. h.r and mOlh.r. l o tholC who ncy.r
,.kc.wifc.nd",)aloncmayh.v.al,nglc
' p"" and m,ndw"h,h."fath.r.D ... o ..
n .... T'o .. sII. ' o. ". '"
A M ..... S"All CLlI ... ,. TO H" W, . C .. u.
SO$To .. ,Wh .... ,.lIm didlh.lClhing.
(om. f,om for IIIm 10 ""cr' From wh., I-OU.
didh.ga,nknowl.dg.offu,ur vcnn.nd
,h. f ... ,hat ,h. ru. ofhum.n b .,ngo oho,,1d
g ...... ,n,ol'u'numbc,,\Vh.ncc ft.r.l1.
didh om. '0 know th., ,h .. e wo"ldbc
,n, .. co" ... belw n man and woman, I m.an.
,h.con. umm.,ionoflha"n,.rcouru
"".urr.daf,.rlhcf.lI:uplillthlflirnc,hcy
wtreltvinglik.angcl.o,npuad, .. and l-O w,,,
nOt b ... nmg w"h dui nO'Ulluhcd by
olh.rp.nion . no, . ubj .. ,tothc n d.of
nlfu .. ;onth.conlrary.th'ywc...,c .. al.d
incorrup,ibl. Ind immonal..nd on that
aecoun,.,.nyr ... lh.yhadnon.cdlowcar
do,hu. ... So from what l-O.trcc.lell m did
,h .. eti,ing.comtfo,lltm,o .. " .. ,Surelyi'"
obv;ou.th.lbefor.hi, dilObedi."".hch.d a
ohu.'npropn.ticgrac nd .... w.vcryth,ng
,hrough Ih y of ,h. Spirtl. HO"'LJlS ON
G'''UISIS''''''
2:25 Both Won W Nor

M ... ", ... ", ,,\VO ..... NW .. ,.CLOTII.,O" ,Tt<
withwhichth.yw.recloth.d. l,wuwh.n
,hi'glo, y walllrippcdf,om th.m.ft"lhey
h"dt .. rug ..... dth.commandm.nlthatthr
.... ham.dbce.u ,h.yw ... nlkcd.
CO .... I .. T .... YO .. G .... .,
THI I. O. GMU COII1" NOT
0., .... 11. AUGUITlI'.: {Man and woman}
.,....,.w .... ofcouru. of ch." n.k.dn ...... bu,
they f<lc nll.ham beclulc no d " .,ir .. d
,heir or,.n. in d.fi.nceoflhc:ird.JibcralC
dccillon. Th. um. had no, Y'" com. wit.n ch
bcHionofrh.fI"hwal, wi.nUl and
rcpro;ochtoth ...,bcllionofman.g.,rulh ..
Makcr. C, TY o,Goo , . "."
WHY C".,STI ..... , A., B ... . T' ""," N ... ".".
C ... UOliTO .. : An ... trlpping YOII of your
robe h.pric.,himIClflud.syoudowninto
th.nowtng"atcrl. Ru,,,,hynak.d'H.
..m'nd. yo .. ofyourformcrnakcdn ....... h.n
YOllw ... ,nparadi andyouw.rcno,
.. h.m.d. For Holy Wm "Y'."Adam and Ev.
",.renakcd.ndwe .. no, .. hlmed:un,iI,h.y
look up ,heg.rm.nlof"n . garmcn,huvy
wi,h.b"ndantlh'm . B ... 'TIS", ... lll'STIUC-
Tlo ... II.18."
N ... ..:." I UT NOT As ........ D. C .. "YS05TO .. :
"Thcy w ... bolhnaked: ch ... x, uy .
remember, "and wc .. nOt Ilh.mcd:You ....
whil.,in.nd disob.di.n<e had no: yet <om.
on,h .... n ,h.y",,,.c!.dtnthuglo'r fom
..
h.b, .. k,ngofth.I ... .th.n.n' ... d,h .... n.
bo,h . nam.anda,, .. en.u.of thdrnakcd-
n .... HO"'LII5 Or< G .... s , s 1;., "
GLO'TR .. .... E''''IMT .. tSy.r ...... : ""-!ioll.. "PS I 1._::' MP:;;5I:I2I:R;:'oI.2C1H. "Fe
.. no: uh.m.d beeau of Ih. ",'06. ''Fe ,.,)1'9. II.:!): FC lOJOl
RUII CTIO,," RU Toa .. P ....... Dl SR LosT.
GUCOU or Nu",: The <nuc""ct;on p.om
,.,..u.nothlngclsclhanlherutoral;onofthe
fallen tothd< ancIent na,e; fo< d,e grace W<:
lookforLlaceru;n re,urn,olhefintlik
h<lnglnghack again 1o paradisc thole who
we.eClltOU' from". If then thelifeofthooe
.eJlo<e<li.doKlyrclate<l,othatof,heange1 .
;. i.dear,h., the life befor. ,h. "an.g .... ion
wllakin<loflngclklif ndh.ncell.oour
.uu.nto,helndcn.conditionoflifei. com
pared , o,he.ngcL

R .......... Do.OTH .,J OF G .. 2;".: In ,he
f><,glnnlng ..,henGod crc.uedman.heK,him
In J>4Iradlse (as the d,vine hol), Scnplureuyt)
.dorncd..,ith every VI.tuc and g.vc him.
commln<lno, '0 ca. oflhc .. tc in thc middlc
of plndltc. Ad.m was provide<l for in p.n.
dioe.inpraycrandcon,empl .,on,nlhem,dJt
ofhono n<lgl .... }'.hcalrhyin h i mouolU
andnnnJM'cc.p,ion$.lndpe.fectil'lh,.
na'urc .. h ...... cru .. d.Fo.to,hclik.Muof
God did God make man. Iha,,.. immonal.
having,hcpowec,oac.f""e1randado'l'Ic<l
..,i,h III .h. virtue . \\'hen hedltobeyed
commandand ',eofthe"tcthaIGodcom
m.ndedhim no. '0 Cl. of. hc "' thrown ou'
ofp disc.ndfeUf.om .,atci n acco.dwlth
h .. n.lu<elo ...... contr.'yton ure p<ey
'0 Oln. lo.mhiuon. too love of the pleaau.",
ofthi.life.nd,olhcothe.p .... ion .. andhe
... u m .. ,e.ed by ,hcm.nd became. 01 ..., '0
thcm,h,oughhi . ... n'grusion.S.,o.rTu,u
INST.UCTIOHSI ."
3:16 THE DECEIT OF THE SERPENT
' No", "rp.nl 11101 more lub!l. Ih"n "I'll other ",ild ,nOlwr, ,hol Ihc Low God h"d
m"dr. Ht I"id lIIoman. "Did God '''y. 'You I),,,n 1'101 1"1 of ony ITU of Ih.
' And lb. I"id Ibt W. moy tot of Iht frwil of Iht 1rt<1 of Ih.
IbwI God I"id. "row Ihall tal of Iht fruil of Iht Irt< which i, in Ih. mid" of Ih. ,,,rdcn:
yow louch il. I'll you dit.' "'Bwl Iht lup.nllaid 10 Ibt woman. "}'ou will Hot
di . IFor God h01ll1 Ih", w"'nyow "" oJil yowr ,ycl ",ill bt oprntd. and yow ",i/l bt
f ood "nd "'i!." ' 50 IIIhtn Ih. lIIom"n IOW' Iba I Ib! "'<1 1 good fo r Jooi ond
lbolll w"'" drllghllo Iht tyel. IInd Irll 11111 1 10 b. d.lI1td 10 m"h Ont W"t Iht
'ook of IIlfruII and Olt; and Ih. 0110 lomt 10 htr hUlb"nd, "nd in "".
O" ..... "IB ... ' Thele'pen, ..... more dever Ihan
IhcOlhc,Malllb".wunOlrliHd,otheleve!
ofhuman ... ttORality {E,HUIot). 8do ...... r.U
,h. Hr!"'n. WIJ on in.ima .. ,erm, with man
(jOH .. OFO ...... S<;l,Js).Th.le'!"'n ... c.ca .. d
WU winsome and abl. ,0 ,omm"nic". wi,h
.... dam and Eyc. and h.nce MUm ,001 of
d.ception uHd by ,he d.vil (CH"Ysosro .. .
EpHUI .. ). who ..... cnv' oulof .... damandE".1
Ipccial rol.'np.radil. ( ......... ns.).8yq ....
"on,ng Ey. Ih. H'pcn, u.ceruin.d .... my.'
.. .,. of.h. I .... {EPHllDt).Th. d.vil . pok.
fir '" t he wOman .part from the man. who
h.d rec.ived dir.ctly f.om God .h. command
no, '0 Ut of .h. "CC (A ... _.). Th. le.pcn.
.uh d.h ... Godh:odfo .. , .... rn.d .... dam.nd
E"eabout u .nlooking l hetTccino.d ..
,h h.yno.bt:com n.mo dby;uMau,y
( EPHUM). The u,!",n, Iymboli%u piu ... ..,
( ....... _I). h.ll<>lignifiulh.d.vil (Aooul
T'''').
Th. worw of th. Jc'pcn . "You Ih.Jl M
llodJ:dcmon." ... th.'p"d ....
of .U.in ( .... OOUIT'NX). H .. m.nl we.., h.rm.d
b)' ,h.itown d .. iT. {EpH .... j.Theyhld.l.
rudybcgun in a prclimina,y "'")' IOleek .. ,
i.foction,nlh.mulvc.wh.n,hcy_re
.. mpt.dbrth ... Tpcn . lnpuadi .... bclhon
bt:ganinth oulwithlh.breakingofth.
commandment. The whole p ... on commi n.d
thc Jin ( .... UGUST' ... j . .... dam and Ev. did no:
prckr\'c,em!"'Tanc.b .. tvol .. nt.l.i1rl<cof,bc
frull ( ........ on). Tht E .. charist i. tbt m.d,.
sin",h'po' Jon ,b.,.uin.dhum.nnl<urc
wh.n Ev nd .... d.m a .. of,hc fruit (G .. ao .. y
OF Nyss .. ). Adam and Ey. f.lIthroullh
prod th ... po ..... <), would bc requtrcd 10
r .. u.n'oGodlhroughhumilitr { ...... GlIsn .. a).
Mary p n .... whofrn.
humonktnd from .tn of ,he firs: (lu
.... n 's). Th., En dioobevcd before Adam ..
lakenby"omef.,he .. ,oMlnul u'puionof
hiIMadship(EPHUM).
T ... C .... " .... US Of TRI Slll,. .. T W.u
L' .. 'T.D.E.H ..... THISY .. ' .. N:Alrhough
::: !
govcrncdby .... da"'. I.i.onotlru.thatbcca .....
l
1
w" only mOre craftyrh.n the animau th.. !
had nom,nd. For tt 11 clca. tha, th erpcnt.
which did no, hav. th. mind o(man. did nOI
poll." wi.dom of ",ankind ..... dam ""'.
all og.utc.lhanth.urpcntby lhcw.ym
w .. fo.m.d.byht.ooul.brhi.mind.byhi.
glorrandbrhi.place. Th ... forci.i .,viden.
Ih., incunning.l.oAdam ....
gn ... r,h.nth.krpcn'.CO ....... NT .... Ol<
G"'U152. IS, t
WH1' THi S' .. PI NTWU.ToOL.O ..
O lelPTloN. SI"I"'''': o. G ..... L .. : Do no,
Ih,nkofth n.kcth ... lj h.curr.ndy ...
Ilncc w. now run from him and aredi.g"'ICd
bjhim.It .. .. not'ni . "'ayin,hcb.ginning;
,hc.nak ... .. . fri.ndofhumanllr ev n h
clonllof.e ..... n ... 'Wha:,lh.n, mad. h,m our
tn.my! The d.tlarattonofGod:"'ou are more
cUTlcd ,b.n.1l ,he catd and mOre than cv j'
wild animal. I wiU plac. hOlli li tr be,w.cn you
.n.d Ih. wom.n:' Thil ho.,ihty ci .. ,roycd ,he
fro.ndlhip.I'.jfrlCnwb'p,b .. tl dono:
mcan.n'n .. n." ... I .,."onlb,p." ..... ao
in ... ad onewhi.hmindlc crcaturc,uc
capableof having.Thc.nakcu.edtol .. ve
Ituman<intlteumcwaytltedogdisplac ..
fri.nd.hi p-not with word but by body lan
guag . Sinui.wuacrcaturewhoheldsuclt
grca,dos.nes ohumanit)" . ltcsnaktwasa
convenienl 1001 fot ,ht devil..
So the devil Ipokt througlt ,he snakt in
ord .. '0 deceive Adam. Plcuc hear me in lnvt
.nd do no,recdve my word. carel . .. l)". My
que.,ion is nO. cao)",o ,ake. Many ""nff," how
did,he.nakespuk,witltahuman', vo;ccnr
w;tlt a , nake', hiss!"or"howdid Ev.under
"and him"Befor< the fall.Adam was filled
with wisdnm.di scetnm.nt andprophec)" ..
Wlt.nth.devilno,ic.d,h nak.s intelli
genc ndAdams high opinion of it (Adam
consid.red the snake vtry wi se), the devi!
spokethroughthe snake .o that Adam would
Ihinkthatthe. nake, be;ngintclligent, ,.u
abl. to imira ..... nhumanspecch.O"TH.
c ..... TtO" OF THWO .. Ll> 6.:.'
HowTHBSn."BNTW,.s ONI ... T' MATE
Tfi IlMswrTH M"'''.JOH ... OF O" ... "SCus
Bcfo .. thefall,aillhingswe .. subject lothe
control of m.n. be<ous. God had m. de him
ruler ovcr all the things On rhe.atth and in
rh. "'oter. And Ih. ' p.nl " 'ason i",;m",.
lerm. with man. aunci",i ng with him mort
than all the re" andconveuingagrctablywi.h
him. For Ihat rtO$On i ' WaS ,h,ough.hi , rela.
<>on rhar ,he devil. who i. th ource of evil ,
made ,hat mO" evil. uggesrion ' 0 ou,first
FAlTH . 10.'
Ho,,' THB Su,nNT C" ... ... UN' eATit> W'TH
M"". EPHRBM ... ",A.forth er-
p.n' " peech, e;,her Ad.m unoorst""d ,he
.erp.nt'. OWn mod. of communiUlion, 0'
Sa .. nsp<>k.lh, ough;,.o,th""penlpo.ed
th.'1UUlion in hi. mind and spe.,d, wa.givon
ro i"orSatan$OughtttomGod,hat'pehk
g;vcn to ,h erpent for horl time. C" ..
... HNT ... RYO"GHNES,S . 16., .'
Th .... pent could nol
.nrerporadi,e.
for ncither animal
,,'a'permiued,o app.oach
th.out<rregionofparaoi,.,
and Adam had togoout
to m ... th.m;
10 the '''penl cunningl)' l.arned,
throughqu.oti oningEve,
rhocharaClerofpar.dise.
wh.,i,,,,aoandho,,,i,,,'as ord ... d.
\Vh.n the accu"ed one loarned
ho,," ,h. glorJ' of ,hat inner ubcrnacle
a,if in aUnc,uary.
wuhiddenfromthem,
73
and thal ,h. Tree of Knowl,"ge,
clothodwith .ninj unction,
rvcdutheveil
for ,he sanu",).
he ruliud rhat its fruit
wu th.keyofj us,ice
th .. wouldopenthe cyc.of thebold
andcaus.rhemgre .. remo"e. HVM ... SON
PA ..... O' SBJ.4S
EVil ENTI CBO TO Loo",
EpHREMTHESvo., ,, ... ,Th.,,,mprer ,hen
turntdi"mind,othecommandmon, of the
One who h.d .tt down ,he commandmen,
Adam and Eve we" comman".d no, onl,. ' 0
not cat f.om ,h. " ,but.h.y were not even
todr.wncartoit.Th .... p.n"h.nrcaliz.d
,hat God had forewarned them about.v.n
looking at i,l ... thty b.com nttappedby in
bcautr.Wi , h ,hi. in mind.,he .. rpent en,iced
Ev. to look upon it. C O .... ENT .. U ON GBNf.
SIS
THE OBVIL'S ENVy.A .. BROSE: Th. cauoe of
.nvy .... a h.h.ppin ofm.nplacedinpu .
d,.., baau ,ht d.vil could not brook the
favou .. ceiv.d by m.n. Hi nvy",.saroused
because man, though fo.rned in sltm . was
cho.entob<:aninhabiuntofparadise.Th.
d.vilb<:g.n to.dlec, ,hat m.n w .. an inferior
creature ye, had hop<s of an et.rn.l life.
where .. h . creature of.uperior nature,h.d
fall.n.ndh.d .... com.partoflhi. mundane
existence. P .. un'n u.
TH.S .... PBNTu .. .. lI.
AMBRou:Since.verycrearurei ubject,o
pu.ion. lu., stole into mans. ff.crion with
th."e.lth of .... p.n'.Mo ..... qui .. right
inrepre .. nringpleasureinthlikene .. ofa
rpen<.Plca.urei.pron.oniuhellylik
erpenl.nolwolkingonf .,orr.isedonl.g .
ltglide long . o.o.pe.k.withthe.lippeq
folded curv ofiu whol. bodJ". Earth i ....
food. a. il i. the ... pent"., for i,ha.no corn
prehen.ion of h.avenlj f<>Od. It feed. on

.ort.ofpl ... u . ... ndb.nd"oandf.om
twi .. ingwreath ...
.nd .... i'h,hu h.di.so]u .. individu.li.di.
.mbowe!ed,th.glultond "ovshimtel:.th.
spendthrift i.undone.
,, '
THEDBvtL Too"A"'""'T"GEOFTHB
WOM .. N. AM"ROse: [Th. Devil ] aimed '0 cit
Adam by mcans of the "'oman. He
did no, aCCO" ,hm.n who h.d in his prel'
tnce received the he.venly command. He
.cco .. td her who h.d learnedofir from her
husbandandwhoh.dnotreceivedfromGnd
thecomm.ndwhichwasrobeobs.rved.
Th .. ei.no$[atemen,du,God spoketoth.
woman. We know th., he spoke .0 Adam.
H.nce w. mult conclude ,hat the command
was communicat.d through Adom to the
wom. n.hRADISHI:. "
THll SIRUNTSlGNlF. B5THBOllVSl.. .(
AUGUSTINE: Th erpent signifies th. d.vil. 1
,'
... iserth.nollth.beall . The rpentwas not i.
uid '0 b. In p ... dise. though Ihe'''p.n,w;u
amongth ..... a.u ,h .. God m.d . Fotp.ra
dise.ignifi .. ,h. happr life. from which th
"""nlw obsent . ini, ,, Ire.dr,h.

,h. "It,h. And ....
mustnotb.confusedas.ohowth upen,
could.peaktoth.woman, wh.n.h.wasin
par.dis ndit,, .. no . Ti, ... rpententered
hoparodi .. spiti.ualll'.ndnotbodil).a. th
apo.tl uggtsts:"rouwer.livingb),th.prin
cipl .. who
domin .... th. air.th piri,who i ... work 10
those who reb.L
olI
Two 800"SON G."ESIS

THfiDllv,L'SSTRATBGy.CH .. Y50STO .. :Do
you ho" the devil led hondi
'K9,,11. "EpO
"FCs<,'W.
cappcdhcrrcuoningandcauudhc,cOICC
hcr 'hollghu on goals beyond hcr realcapabi]
,'iu,onordcrd", . hcmigh,bepllficd IlP
...,mcmp'yhopcsattdlru.eh holdonm
d,.n,agelll.udtu<ordcd hcr.Ho."u l.S

PaIDI I. TIUlh'UNN' NG Au 5,,,.
AUGUSTINm, Suri,i l molt rruIY l"id ..
Prid<"lhcheginningof all . in;" fo.i,waI
rhi" ,n,huovc"h,ew ,h.devil.f,omwhom
orOK,hcoT1glnof.inandwho.,h, ough.ub
,c'Iucn,cn..,.ovCrlurncdlhcmanwhowaf
".nd, ng In thc rlgh,coulncu from which he
h.df.U.n.Forthc ... pcn', ...,king. ".Y 1o
.n .. ,.durlyoolIgh'lhcdoorofp.>dc,whcn
h. dcd.red, Yolllh.1I be u go,b:Tha,;'
",hrn l. ",,,, .. n,"Prid.i.,h.bcginningof.n
Iln;" .nd"Th.beglnningof ,h<p.ideofman
,, '0 f.U .w.y from Gnd:" 0"
GUI; g.Jj. "

AU"llITINI, Th.concluo;onio ,h .. the devil
would nOt h.vebeglln by anop<=n andobviouo
IIn to <cmpt man into dOIng oomc.hing.h
Gnd had forbIdden, had no. man alrcady
bcgun,o .. eku..ilfactioninhinuclfandcon.
IC'Iuendr '0 ukc pLe,,"r. in , h. words'you
J.h.n be IS godt.:Thc promiu of mu. wo.d.,
ho",.vcr, would much mo .. tru1r h.vc to PUI
if,b), ob.td .. ncc,Ad.mandEv.hadkep,clo.e
,o.h. ul,ima,clnd <TU. lourc. of their bcing
and h.dno"bypT1d.,imagincd,h", th.y
wcr<.h<moclvu ,h ourcc of their bc ing ...
Whocvc e.!u . ob<more.h.n h.i.becoonCl
L .... \Vh.ncvc.h.a.pi .. ,.obclClf.uffici ng,
h ......... f,om Ih. On. ",hoi,,,"1y.uffi ,
Clcn,fo,h,m.C,TyoFGoDI . tj. u
TI NPT.D IT TH.,. 0", .. D . ..... EPKUJoI
THI SU, .. N: The words of ,he ,.mpter would

lin i{ ,heirn.ricchadno.becn$Ohelpn.l . o
.. mp .. r.Ev.nif<h cmp."rhadno.
come,lhe"eeiuelf,byiubcallty ... ollldhavc
<.uocd.hem
"<. Their avltk hen "':I.S .h. rU$on .h.,
.heyiollowed .hecounfCl _e'pe nt.Th.
... a'far m(l. e lnju".
oll"o , hem.hanm.counuloflhe.e'J'<'n .
CO ..... NT ..
TH, R ... .. B ....... I .... THIl SoU1.-
AUGuIT, ,,t: ln p .,,d,oc,rebclltoncen.,n1r
beg.n u'IheOOlll.Thcrebcg. nlheproceuof
glvlngcon,.n"ob .. aking,he .omm.namcn,.
Thi, 11 why the "'1'"nl lid. 'YOII .h.1I be ..
god,:BII"h ... hol.m.n<ommiu<d,h<l1n.
h ..... ,h.n.ha'th.f1 .. hwum.d lOflll
f1 uh,who .. faulu collldb. huLcdonlrbyth.
One who<.mein,h"liken ... of.i nfulfluh.
AG .. tNST J UUANS. ,,m
T . .......... c. NOT OU ... V.D I Y Aou ,
..NO Ev A ..... o .. : I. " I.mpc .... c h.,
<UII off d"".u. God commanded che "ra,
hllman. ,0 hoLd.oit.fo,h a,d. Wh",u,n
themiddl.of,hcgorden,yolllhallnCKclI,
ne"herlhallyo".o"chi. , lu' youd .. :And
htcauSClherdidno'prelCrv.lcmpcrance"hc
trao.g .... o"'of,hi ign.lvtTtucw ... mad.
uiln from paradi , wl,h no .ha .. ,n tmmo.
,alirFo.lh.lawtuchn,cmp .. lnCtlnd
pourlicintolhchu.tlofIII.JAcoB .. "DTHl
H .. ppy
.. "S.t1l"'S."Sor,o.lI "S.-10I1'
''l'C-.... "FC":)Il"'\' '"FC'.:I(IOI..-,:cJs..
-,:c,u,.
Til l SI"." DIJT .... <;T TH. H . .. . T. 0''' 00'

rh igh lu nd.heother..,n.,.. ... h.n
u .. dwi . holl'moder i .. n. di .... ctrhehcan
f<om iu remembrance .. f God. So Ions U Ihe
did no. look .. ,th longing on me forbidden
trct.,h ... .. ablc 10 kcep God', command.
mentcarefullr;nmind.She ..... "illco ... rcd
byrhewinglofdivinelov ndthul waligno
ran,ofh.< Own n.kcdne .... B",aneru.. had
looked.tthe,ree ... ithlong,ng.touch.d"
w;.harden,d.llrc.ndlh.n ..... dillfrult
wi.h in n .... nluali.)' . h , on .. fel,dr.wn
10phy.".I,nlercour..,.and.bcingnlOktd h.
gavew.y.op ... 'on.Allherdu,rc ..... n ...... o
enJor wh., wu immed, ... ly present 10 h ..
tcn.., nd.h,ough.heple ... n,appc.,anc.
ofthefrll".heinoIedA<iaminherfalJ.O"
SP' .'T""LP".KCT'O"S6.'"
C,H.., ST Is Tll fi RUtfiDY AG"' '' ST THI S,,,.
GIlIIGOU Of Nus..: Thole who h.v, been
trIckedintotakingpo,lQnoff .. tiuharmful
.ffce.by.nDrh.rdr"g, n.rcmedr,morcoer.
j u .. lik,thepoil on.hu to.n,c ht l y".m.
10 thati .. rem.dialdftc.may.h ... bYlprud
through.h .... hol.bod),.S'miladrlI ... ing
t .. ,.d,h.po'$On,th il lh.frui:, .ha,dil
lo!vedoll rn.turc,w,w ... n.ceuarilym nccd
of ... metning ..... uni ..... Sucll ... med),II.d
. ... ntt.inlou',$O .h.,"m'ghlby "'CDun
.e"c<ionundo.h.harm.hcbod) hadalreadr
ncoun .... dffDm.hepoIJon.Andwh., ..
.hiirem.d), INo. hingcll.thanlhebodYlh
prove<!, ... lf1u!"'rioflodu.handbecamcrh.
lOur,. of OUt life. ADDR .. t 0"
I"STallcT' DN
T .. ou WHD F .... ,- THROII"" PR.", W'Ll
St RUTORI " ONU T"KO""II H""'LlTT.
AUGCSTl NE: !Ci",nl . !'Inern
hu Men gien "'. ma, i. '0 uy. a po.m by
..... ich _ may come'" God. For WC who 1>. ..
fallen m<ough pridc could only rcturn ,0Goc!
Ih<ough humilit}'. Thu. wa." ..aid ' 0 ,he fi"l
,rcalllrcofollrrac.:"Tule . ndyolI.ballo.
u
God:A.I .. 'Uuy,ng,ou,Savlorh.uh,rnwlf
conduccndcd '0 ucmplify In h .. 0>0'11 pcroon
,h humilit}' which IJ th. p.,h ocrwhich ....
have 1o tnvel on our rc<urn '0 God. Fo,"he did
nOI Ihink it robbcry'obc e'lual 10 God but
emptied himKlf. ulc.tng .he form of a &Lt...,:"
Hence.th.Wordrhroughwhomalllh,ng' lII
rhe beginning .... r. m.d. wu (rUled man.
O"F..ITII .... OTII.CIlIIID4.6."
S" .... u ' .. GA" .... '. Hu o . ..... EpH ..... T ...
Sy., .. N:SII.han. " ,d,oea,bcfor.h .. hul'
band,hlllhe m'gh.becom.h dnverll ..
hcad. lha,"hem'gh.becom h.on
command ... Ill., .. ne by whom Ihe ,,u . o be
<ommanded and th ... he might be old.r in
d,v,n;ty tnan ,hat on. wno"" " Dlder rh.n Ill.
'n hum .... t), Co ..... "on r ON GM ...... '.
:.10.).'"
S. N OF T .. . Ft kn WO ... .... AM.L. "
.... T.".YT .. . O ... '>l wHc. orM .. IlT.lu-
..... "S: A. Eve .... I .. dueed by the word nfa
[fallen j ang.llofl .. frDmGDd,h.ving
reben.dag.inlthii word . oMarrby.hc
wordofanangclrcuivtd.htgladtidingl thll
.b. would bear God b, ...... ying h .. woro. Th
former ... ao .. duud to d"ob.y God [and 10
r.n).bu.,h.la ... r .... a.per.uad.d,oobey
God. 10 that .h. V"sin Mary migh' become
tht advoca.tof lh.irginEH.AI .hchuman
.... .. , ... lIbJ."ed,od .... hthfOugh.n "nf
a",rgin.",,,,Uitu.ndbr.,,,rgin ndthw AGA' NST H"..Es ' ISS"9. " "

3:78 THE FALL
' Tlot .. llor ryt! ofbolh "'trr opt .. td. and IIo'yltn.wlb"r dory wtrr n<llttd; and Iht, U"'td
and mad. apro ....
' And' Ihty Ih. Jownd" of riot Lou) God walking in 110. gardtn' in Ih. cool of Ih<
d",. ,,"d rh. man' "lid hiJ wif. hid Ih,mu/"u from Iht p.n,"" of Ib, LOIlD God amo .. g lb.
Irtt s oflhtgardtn.
t
LU_UX,......ur .....
O .... "'EW' The ,emp",;on mo .. ed from ,h.
ey.' 10 di.ob.di.nc. ( CHU50ST<lM). Th.lnl
ofGod ... .
,anno,bt"gard.d", ,he call.eof.h. faU
( CH"YSOSTt) .. ) . Ev.n ,hough God for.kn ....
th. 'nult. lot allowed Adam to be mp d
bccau man w<>uld no, hav.dcocr ... dgrca,
pralS. ifh .... u good for ,h ,mpl. r.uon
,h",h" "'",ne",, tcmp .,d.o bt wick.d
(AuGUSTlNI ).
Aftc.,h.lln,h"yc.ofun wcrc
<>pen.d.whU.,heeyuof,h.mind.,htollgh
... h .. h Ad"m and E". had I>cheld God . .... rc
clol.d (Oll.'GIN). N" ... ,h'yn ... ,hed,ff
nc.b ....... n,h.good,hcJhadloltlnd.he
."iI,n,owhlCh.h'y h.dfaUcn {Aooll$TlNI) .
And ,h.i olll I" .. mU'trj' 0 .... ,ht body
(AuGusT,NI). F'gl .... um'j'.)'mi>oli:c .ht
pl III.oofly, ng (Aooun'NI) . h ... ndcnc)'
,,,,,,.,d li n {SloB) o nac,ofrc?<=n,an
(IUN,"illS).
God.ndo .... dhi il.n.foo .... p .... ith
10Ilndlo.h Adam.ndEv. mightb.prc
p .. td.omak"uppl,c.tlonb.fo",h,m
(EPHu .. ). n..coolofdor (,hccvtn,ng) ,n
...hi.hGoo . ccklou,Ad.m . ignifi na"ht
fin.manha.dalrcadyloSf,hcsunhgh,ofhi,
and Eve hid
.hcm..,lvtl ,nthtgard.n. l>ccauu,hcr had
10.I.h.r.gh."f.ht.ru.h (Co\lInosroM,
AlIGUSTrNI).
3:7 Tbr Eytl "fBol;, Wtrr Optnta
D .. 'O D'"NcaP .. ,o .. TOE .. TING. C Hn
SOST<l .. ,I .... lSn, ,h.u,ingfrom ,h'''<f
hu 0ptn.d.h." cy." ,hc)' couJd "' vcn
o.fo ... ""ng.ln" .. dth.unngf.omth .. ,rcc
,,uth vmp'Qmof.h .. rd,..,b.dicnccan':
,r.. b.""lungm,n. command !! ..... n br God
andtb.QlIgh""8"iI,.hc)conscq"cn,h
dlv ... lCdth.m .. I .... nf ....
Ihe .... 'end.ringlhc ... ..,lves
wond ful .... e .... H.nce SC'ip'u,.'.ltc,up
Ihepo;nliniUOlf,oma'1'waywi,h,h.
wo.d . "Th.y bolh 11 . Thei yet We'.
"pcned.and,h.yrul;z.dth.ywe naltcd:
fkcau..,,,flhefaUtheyw .. eltrippcdofg.aco
f'''m above. and u.ey fd,u.e KnK "fthei.
ob.iownak.dneu.",hat,hroughrheoham.
,ha,oveTcam.th.mthrm,ghtknowp"
coKly wharpc.il th.y had be." led ,,,,,,br
b,eak. n, the Lo.d.,,,mmand. HO."Lln.,N
GINiJ,s,6.t4. '
T ... L ... w C"'NNOT BB CONI ........ .,
C ... un O. THB F ... LL. C H .. ysono .. , I know
ha ..... m ,thi.poin'migh'lCcuxth.l.w.
.. u..t.helaw .. ,h.c.u.eofthe
fall.W.ab .... lul.lymu.toppoKthata.gu
m.n,.W.mu .. plai"IYlrgueanddemonl"ate
thaIGodgave,h.lawno,b.cauKh.ha,ed
hum.n''Y0 ... .. n .. dlom.orkou.n .. urewi.h
. hamebutbec,u h.Jovedu . .. "dcl,.dfot
u . In o,de, Ihat you lurn that Ih. l.wwu
g,vc" ... m ... n.tohdp.h .. en,olh.wo .uof
1,lh,He ,h. Law tn .... , luppon:' One
whopunuesha ... dd"", no.glVeh.oIp.Again
. h.proph.td.da .... You,wo.d,. ,h.l.mp
gu,d,ngmy ".pi.nd th. Jight for my pa,h. : '
Bu,,,n.whopunue. ha,,edd,,,, . notdi'pel
,h.darkn." withhil lamp.nord"", h.p'o-
vid.liglll.oonewhoi.wandering.Solomon
Y'. Th. command of . h.ll .. i, .hellmp.
.h.hght h.life h.r.p.(>a(handu..tul . ....
s...h. l.wi, no,onlj.h.clp."o,onJy alamp
bul al .... hgh,.ndlikTh.r.for h" <hing.
.rt no, fo, tho who pUfluehalred. nO, for
ho. ewh" ... illtobeloo: . bu,forlh,,.ewho
hold ou,and
GI Nu ,s8.'
T . ... If . omeone uk
u..,.fore. why God allowed m,n.obe
,empt.d when he f"reknew .hl' mln w"uld
yi.Ld.o.h.,.mp.er.lcanno .... und,ht

j
IhoK who are berterlnd holi.,.han I. not
becau .. of.hei.muiubut.implybyrhegrac.
ofGod.Bul,nsofaruGodg,veom heol>il
o.pcak. !do
no"h,nklha, a manwouLddu.rvegrtat
p,"il eifhehldbeenabLe.oliv goGdliferor
,he 'impLe realon rha,nobody.emp d him to 1
badon . Fo.byn.", .. h.wouLdh.veit
m h"powe, 1o ",m not lorieLd IOlh
j
humbl .... Why. Ih.n. would God no, all_' 1
mantobe .. mpted.a.Iu.ougbh.rortknewh.
wouLdyi.Ld! For ,he mln wouLd do ,he decd
bj h"ownfretwiIL.nd,hll. ,ncurguilt . nd
h.wo"ldha ... toundcrgopun"hmen,.((o.d_
ingtoGo,hJuoticelob-crescoredlonghl
o.d.,. Thw God would....m known hll will '"
IproudsouJfot.h.in ... "c"onol.hcu,n ..
,nag ... ",ome.Forwlldyhtuou ev.nbad
will. of,ouL, wh.",herperv ... "J), abulC
th."na'u ...... hichi.good.ONTH. L1TU ... L
INTup"IT ... TloN o. GaNBS's Jt .... 6:
AFT THK S . ", THI E'-RI SRN .. An
OnNoD. 0.,,, ... , The eyu of o.n .. were
.henopcni.wh,cbthr haddontw.U.o
ke.pohu, hl"h.ymigh,oo.bedi .... c d
andh,nd ... dfrom .... nS"'i.hlh v .. of,h
m,nd. l:,,ulhoi.eyc"ofth.m;ndwtuchin
'PGS),1)1,FC74ol1 ...... a.n .... U l<. OS. "'-6o:J. 'PG
_1' ' .... H.
of sin. as I imagine. were then
.. ttim<thrhad.njoy<dth<

This ,wofold kind of yi.ion in us was familia,
,0 our Savio who said. Forjudgment I have
come into.hi. wodd. that tho .. who . u not
might ... and that tho.e who.eemigh,bt
made blind'-mcaningb)' ,he eyu that

cnedbyhisteaching;andthcey .. th., ;
mcaninsth.eyesofoensc.whichhis wo,d,
.. ndcrblind.AcA'NSTCELSU'7.J9.'
A''''M ANI> EVB SEB THE EV'"'PlTO W'UCtt
Ttt BT H"vIIFALLIIN.AuGUST''''2:1twuno,
inordcrro ..,ou,,,a,d,hing ha," th.ir.y"
w.<topen.d,because,heycould .... uch
thinssal,ud).I,wasino,derth .. ,hey m,sh,
.c. th. difT."enc. between the good they had
lost and the evil into which the)' had fallen.
Tha,i,whythe, ... iscalled,het .. eofthc
knnwl.dg. of good and eyiI.Th.) had bcen
(orbidden tnrouch it because if ,hey did i,
would bring on the exp.rience of this di>linc
tion.!t,akes ,hecxpcci.nceofthcpainsof
,ickn .. s.oopenou,eyu,otheplcauntn .. ,
ofh
THE'I< SOUL LOSES h. MA'TU;Y O"HI< Ttt H
800\'. AUGU'TINE; As soon a. ou.fi .. , pa"
enU had disobeyed God', commandm.n.
,hey wccci mm.di .. elrdep.iycdofdivm.
grarcandwercasham.dnftheirnakednu .
Thc)covercd,h.moelv withfigl.aves.
whichp.,hap.wercth.fir .. ,hingno.icedb)
th.troubledp.ir,Tht p.,ucovcr.drcmain.d
unchanged.xp"ha'pu,iou$lytherocc"
",oncd no .h.me. They fcl, for .he fi,,: time.
moo.men,ofdi.robcdienin .h.irfie.h.as
,noughthtpuni.hmen,weumcant,ofittht
crimtof,heltowndiso;'edlCnc.,oGn<! . Tn.
f.cti.thatth.,oul.whichhadtakenperverst
deligh,ini .. ownlihertranddisdainedtht
se,victofGod,waonnwdeprivedofiuorigi.
"alma$teryover,hebndr,B.c.u i,had
.. ert.dtheLordwhowa,ov ..
i"i,nolong .. b.nt,nitswillth.ser\,an,
bclo", it,b.ing unable cn hold the ncsh COm
plet.lyin.ubjec,inna.would.lway.have
bc.n'h.c ifonlyth oulhadrcm.in.d
subjeCt to God. Frnm this or. . th.n,
.h.n<$hb'gan,nlu"'g.inst,n.spitll. With
,hi.reb.llion w.arcborn.ju .... ,...arc
.. ,s'nto
bear. in nu. membetJ and vi,i., .. d na,ure.
eitherth.b.ttltwi,ho,defu,by.hen h
CITY OF GOD IJ.'J. "
SY","OLlS",OFTH. F".L.AVIlS.AUGUS
TINE: Then.h.y uw that th.ywere n.ked br
pe,vert.d eyes, Th.ir original simplicitr ig-
.... nowseem<dlobe
.nmething '0 be ash.medof.And.o ,ha"h. r
mightnolongerbe . imple.,he) m.d.aprons
fnr th.msel ... from ,he leaves ofth. fig "ee.
if,ocove"hei'p,i" ... par". that i . ,o
covetthei,.implicity,ofwhichth.,cunninj;
pridcwasa.h.med,Thele.v of,h.fig"er
, ignifyacertainitching,if,hi.iscotrc<tl)
uid in thec .. e of incorporeal ,hing$,whi ch
,ht mind , uffe"in wnndrous ,,ay. from ,ht
desircandple .. urcnflying.A.ar uh,ho
wholove'ojok.a .. e
y
.nc.ll.d ... l,y m
La.in.Forinjok pren pl'Y'apnmary
role, Two Sooo;. 01'< GENBS'S AGA'NST THE

THH TBI'< DHPlCY TowAI<o 5,1'<. BEnt: S,ne<
"FCIHI6_ "l'C
GIlMU"}:,.,

"anlgr."ion. mad. apronl for themulvc.
from fig leaves. ,he fig "CC can fillinglydclig-
nalc ,he tc"d.n<y towI.d.in. Sin appcau
wrongfully 10 bc fiUcd with .wec,nc" for th.
h"man '''''c. Ho.lluu 01< THE G05PIU
I."."
TH", CLOTHING.luN ... US: No","thcfc ..
of,hcLo.d i.thcbcg;nningofwildom:"Th.
undcn,anding of lTanlgfc.llon lead. ,opcn,'
nd.oh .. kindnc .. ,otho ..
"'ho .... p.n.
<anccin making a girdl coveringhim .. lf
wi.h fig Jun>, when ,hefe wefe many oth.
.. ,
He, ho"'ever, in awe of God. made a cloth,ng
,h"m ... h.dhi.d .. obcdi.ncc .... Andh.
would .. odo"hlhavolr.optthi.do,h,ngfof'
ever. if God in hi. mcrty had nOtdOlhcd Ihcm
whh,,,niClof.kin inlludoffigleavc .

TH'sOUNO0' Goo',FOOT,T"" E. H ....
THEsn'''I<,hwllnotonlybythepatiencc

hcallowilhcd,ob-cnefitth.mbrth oundof
h"fcc,.Godcndo_dhlllilen,foout.pl

p .. .... d t.h.too"nd . o m.kc,,,pp],ca,,on
b-cfo .. himwhom.d.lh.,OU"d.Co ..... N.
T .. UON GBNUI S;.H.' ,"
0011 Goo H .. vl FliT! CH.,nono .. ; What
..... rOIl .. Are _ alllgn

lion of him' No. God doeln't Itroll-p" ... h
,helho"g-h,. enl .. h. "
everrwher. and fjlling.v.rrthins with hll
p ..... Can he for whom i, Ihrone
and cUll.. . foolltool bc confi ned to Ihe gar_
den! What right-minded pc .. on (o"ld uy
thil;
So Whll 11 Ihc meaning oflhi. lIa,cmcn,.
"They heard the SOLlnd of the Lord Goduhc
... .. dcninthccv.n,ng!Hc
wanted 10 providc Ihem wi,h ' Llch anupe'i_
ence .. W<luld ind"cc in them aou<coflnguish.
"'hichin fact hlppcncd,thcyhadloll,iking
anupcflcnccthulhcytfl.d'0 h,d.from th.
pres.nce of God. HO."LlU oI<GDlU'S 'H'
4."
GOD W .. LII S ' N T HE COOL Of TH_ DU.
j .,o ... , We read in Gcnesi. ,h .. when Ad.m
.. d ,o.he ...
pcn.rath.rlhantoGod,wh.nhch,dh,m .. lf
from.h.f .. cofGod hen Godclme inlo ,he
gar<l.n and .... $ walking about in th. cool of
da).Nowli .. cntowhatthescriptur ... y .
God oo"ght out Adam. not at midday b", in
.hecven;ng.Atbmhadalf .. dr loll.h "n
ligh,. for 1..11 high noon .. '" ov ... Ho .. ,uu
,."
THE P ... NU .. ..... T Of OUT" M Cl fULLT
O.U"fiO. CHRVS05To .. ;sce,heLo.d$lov.
ingk;ndn.lI.ndlh urpa"ingdegr.eofhi.
long-."ff.rlflg.l mean.,ho"llhbc,ng,napo.i.
.;on '0 b-cgtudle."ch g,'" 11""0" righl
of..,pl) and.arher.han.oconaign them at
.... min,.din
anficip.tionof,hei,t n$g,ul lon.ho.how.
patien ... ndwithholdiaction.He .. lua
<]1l.lIion. rcccOvco a replr and q"eot,ons them
furthcr ..
"HO(;I ,I7). '"Polt(klo. "LQAH:,Il$. "FC'I,Uj. "x;
I UJ!;FC?4.:::1J."FC""1"-
UIYUIO Ihal mighl oppo .. uni.y
,0duphyhll(ha.a" i."(lav.,n .... 'ard,a
th .. ,Ll IS
ONG.,USII".'J."
Aa ........ ., By. H .. y" LIPT , HI LIGHT of
T" .TIIUTt,.AUGUSTu<m:To,,ard. v.nlng
Godwal"alkingi .. pandi thati h ......
com ... g 10 judge th.m. H. wu .. iIl walki .. g 1n
p diui>cfo thcirpuni.hm.nt.lha,i th.
p ..,nc.ofGodllill mov.damo .. gth.m.
.. .,long.,"O<>d6.minh .. com
m .. nd. Lt" filling that h.tOmUlow.rd
.. un"'ual .... ady""
"ngforlh.m.lh .. , ",wh ... lh.interiorligh,
,rulh WaI bel .. g I .. k ... from Ih.m.
hurd hIJvOlc . .. nd hid from hi igh,,'Nho
h,duf.omlh."gh,ofGodbu,h.whohu
abandon.dhim ... dil .. owbegIRmng,aloYc
whlli.hilown!f,).,heyno,,'w.r.dolh.d
wilh .. Ii .... nd h. who .poem . Ii. 'puu from
wh.:u i, hi, Own. Thi, i, why Ih.y ....... id 10
hide nca. 10 th. tr ,hat WU1n ,he middl. of
pand, ... lhati . n .... th.m..,lyc.whow
Jelln middle .ank of thing. i>cnu,h God
a.,dabov.bodiu.H.ntcth.J'b.c ..
,o,h.m lvulO.hatth.ymigh,be , roubl.d
bythci.w ,ch.d . rro .... f,cr,h.yh.dl.ft
Ih.light no"For lh.
hum .. n.oult.nb p ..... kerin.h."u,h.bul
th.truthil lhe;mmutabl.Godabov.".
H.nc .... hocvC<lurn " .. yf.omlh .. , .. ulh
... d loward h'm.df ejoiclng no, In God wno
.ulu .. nd.nhgh ..... himbu, .... ,h.r' .. hi'own
.comlngl), f.co mocme .. u. bccomu d .. k by
re ....... orlhe I;e. T .... o SoOIlSON G ... UIS
AG .. ,NITTH.M ... lICH .. II .....
3:913 GOD QUESTIONS ADAM AND EVE
' BI/r tlu L .... D God uned 10 rhe mlln,' IInd $lIid 10 him, YOI/,"' ' "And he III,d . ,
htllrd rht 10l/nd' ofrbtc illlbclllrdtn.' lInd /wlllllfTllid. """l/le J WOI ,,"ited: IInd I bId
myulf." " He ,"id. 'Who told yow thor you wen IIl1hd! YOI/ ofrht Irtt' of which
I "or ro till," "The mlln ' 'Qid. "Tht WOmlln whom Ihowgllvelllo be wir h
mt. lhc gQve me fruir of rhe ITU. I IIl e." Ihe LOlD God laid 10 rhe WOmlln,
' Whal il tbil IhAI yow hllve dOlle!" Tht laid. "Tht serpenl begwiltd Mt . An d I Al e."
Qv ", .... : God', word, .... you!' h ...... (AUGUST""' )' The "UeJ"on ",elf "' ..
mun ,ha, ,her ...... nowhere Ad .. m could be, (A ..... osl). I, "'H no, .. k.d as
onc. God ..... no< ,n him u. con .. "".nc. of 'houSh God dId no, ;'no ... ' ,h. a ........ (CHIIY'
5Osrolllj. Theyalloemphui:crhc fooli,h.
nes. of Adam and Eve'. rran'grellion
(&..< ..... ) b,,'a'u.cumetim.p .. dicrrhc
. alvationofhumal'lkindiI'lChrin (Nov .. .
T' .... ).
Adam. anlwcr to God', q"uuon i
... retchederror. halloreveabth Adam
.hinkl th.,hiltranlgre .. ioni.me,clyveni.l
(AUGUSTINIl).God"pallcn,withAdam.to
whom hcglv" , heoppoft"nity to reply. Bu,
Adam .. f" oconfe hi inandpIlI, . h.
blam.onEve (SYllliO"YH.NBwTHaoI.O
G' .. N). Byuying.hat h innedh .. au of
Ih. ",oman to him by G<><l Adam tr,es
'0 a",ihll<C hll I;nn;ngto God (AlJGus,
T'NHj. Ev.at.ofaibtoconfe .. h.rl;nand
uy h.,.hc.crp<:n,hcglliledh., (S,.IIIiOf<
THE NIW THiOl.OO'''Nj. Th ... nUlons and
".mpua'.c1fjIlSlificat'on.ho .. .nun
willingn .... o p<:n. ( E.HRDt.DoIlOTH.ul
OFG .. .. ).
3:9 GodC,.lurorb.,\h"
THEQUUT' O ... AMuon:\Vharlhendou
h. mean by"Adam. where ar< rhoul- Doel h.
no, mun'in wha, citcuml<ancc'a,. YOII: not,
-in what pJacc!'I. i. ,h.r.forc no. I qllu"on
hut cp.oof.Fromwharcondillonofgood.
n . .. ,hcatirud.andgracc,h.mcanltOuj',
hav'yollfall.nin.othi. lta,.ofmiscrylYolI
hav.fo .... kcn.,.rnallif. , Yollhave.n,omhcd
you ... lf ,n,h .... ay.ofllnanddca.h.P .. RA
0150'4.70.:
Goo D ...... TIA ...... '. SOUL. AUGUST'NI:
Inoofar ua r .... II,onof .n.f1uh.g .. n".h.
rebel],ou . ... ul promp'ed .0COVCt
IhClt I'umc. they up.".nccdon. kind 0:
" .. , n_God' '' ... r<ion of.n.soul. 1, .. '"
tn""e .. h.nat,n. ",,,ma.e"whenGod
"
uked Ad.m, who wu be.ide h,m.df wilh
order '0 Kold A"am hy remindinghim.hat
.h rc.ally ..... no"'h.rerha.hc ..... ldhc.
on" God was nOt in him. C, TY O. GOD I}" $.'
Go,,', WO .. o5Co"D8M ... H uM ..... FooLISH'
... u. E PHUM THB SUI .. ": 'Whe .. ar. YOIl.
Adam!- YDU rrapp<:d in Ih. ,mag'l\(d god.
lihnt l$ rh."he .. rp<:ntfa1nly prom>led
you! Or a,t you propared for rhe dearh rhat 1.
,h. Lo,d,d.crco:d fo'you, W""ld.h .. yo"
hid colU,dcr.dtht rrults! Suppo . Adam.
rharinltudof rp.n.whomightboth.
mOIt dup..:.biec ..... u'eofall , .n.ng.1 or .
god hadcom. '0 you! Would you hav.
dup"td Ihe comman"ment of him ... ho g ....
Y"".Uthestthinp.he.dinginllud.h.coun.
.ciofon .... hohadnorye,don.you.nygood!
W""ldyou,henhavccon.id ... d.vil,h.ve'Y
On. who formed you 010' of noth,ng! Would
youdupi ,e lh.Ontwhomadeyou ccond
godove,c.ealion! Would youdar. inlt.ad '0
con.idergood.h.vcryf.U.nonewhogav
you onl y a v.rbal p.omi of lome good! If
.nothe, god w.n '0 com. ' 0 you in po ......
Ihould you no,hue rcjeed hi. advI<e! Ho .. '
muchmort,heninlh.caJcofa$erp<:nt ... ho
(lme.oyou wim nO pow wnh ""wondrous
d d.bu'lVithonlrtheemprYlVO,d.h.,i,
Ipokc.oyOlllCOMMINUkYONG."U,S
. 6.1" .'
GOO5S ... " ,. Dou NOT I .. PL, \ .... o
..... .. ,,5.Nov .. T' .. N:Th. fac, .h .. God
' Clrchc.for [AdamJ docono'proc dfrorr.
\
t
ignorance on rhe pan of God. bur i, .ny,hing of hi. own. Two ROOKS ON GENUIS
ftns m.n'. hope of. futu di.covu)' and 1. ACA.'NST TNE
,.,ion in Ch,i". 0" T .. ''''TY I.n.'
WHY D,u Gou ASI<ICH"VSOSTOM: you

uk<:d th.m but rath<T knew. and kn.w v01'}'
w.U.h. ,how. cotUid.'arion fo, rhe;rlimita
ootUlOutod.m,m, .. arehi.own lovingkind
n .... andh.invi ... th.m.omak.admi .. ionof
th.i. f.ul ... HOM,Llu 0"
3:10 12 Ft .. ring .. nd Hidingjrom God
THaATTBMPT .. TSnpJun' PIC .. TIO".
Ep"UMTHlSn., .. ,,:ln ... adofconfe .. ing
wha. he had don., which would have helped
h,m.h.rela,edwha.hadb<:endone,ohim.
whichdidno,helphimat.1L ... Adam.gain
fa;lcd t<> confc .. hi. follr and blamed rh.
woman. ON GUN!SlS . ;.,.,'
GOD b NOT ... T HU"" N N .. KBo,
NBO$.A"cUST,NE: V,'h.nAdamh.ardGod'.
voice. he an,w.r.d that h. hid becau he wa,
naked. Hi, anlwer WH . w,<rehed <nO . a. if
m.n nakcd, as Godh.d mad. him. could b.
.. ingu,.hingmork
of.rror that wh ver.nyone find. pe .. onally
di"pleuingheimagin,"i . di.ple .. ing.oGod
wclLWe.houldund ..... ndin .loft),.n ..
hCWD,d. "f'h<Lo,d." \Vhotold you that you
wcrcnak.d,unlc"baau,cy"unav""'.n
f."m ,ha. tr.cabout which l."ldy"uthat
from it alon. you.hould nor c,..;"Scforc hc
wo& naked of an)' diuimulation and c1orh.d
wi.h.hedivin.light.Fromthi.lignth
u,n.da .... arand.u.n.dlOwardhim.clf. Tn"
i he m.an,ngofhi.havingutcnfromth
trc . He ... w his n.k.dneu,.nd it "a. dil'
plcasing to him.clfbcc.uso h. dici no,h.v.
C"
AnA .. Don NOT R ... LI ZB THII GRAVITY OF
Hu T .... NsG .. USl ON.AuGlJsTlNB:ln.ofar
h.a.< yet had no divine
lever;tj-. Adam could b.dccei ved inbcli.ving
rhathi, rransre .. ionwa>mercl)v.niaJ.And
rhercforc h. was ar lUll not dcc.;vcdin,hc
", me "" 'y th., Ev.,, ... H.,, .. mcrcly mi .
rak.nconccrningth.judgm.nt rha' .... ould
follow hi. attempt ,o.xcu him",lf,The
woman you placed., my . idcgav. me f,ui,
from rh. trce. and la,e:To.ummari%.
bri.fl)': rhough no, equally dc<civ.d by behev
ingrhe",rpen, . h.y.qually , inncdandwer<
caugh.and.n.narcdby,h.dcviJ.CITVOF
GOD'.,",' !
T .. . R. PINT .. NCB.E .... RE .. T .. E
SVR'A.": !fAdam and Ev. had.ought '0
rcpc .... ftcrth., h.d tran.gr .... d ,h. com
m.ndment , even rhough thc)" would no, hav.
regain.d.ha'wh;ch.h.yh.dpo ..... "dbef" ..
he"tranogreuionof,hec"mmandm<nr.
'hcj" would have cscap .. d from ,h. cu"e, ,ha,
wcrc d"cre"d"n.h<"or,h1nduponthem
GSNESlS"'J.z'
ADA. .. HID H, s DBCBPTION.SYMBOl<
... ,de.rfricnd .
ho'"pa.icnt God i.f Forwhcn h.uid.
"Adorn. where arc you'" and when Adam did
ROI onconfu.hi inbutsaid."lhcard
your voicc. 0 Lord. and rulizcdtha, I am

nordid".imm.di .. cl y .urn,w.). Rath ... . h.

'FCIO'i-1'J."FC9U,.!S
.h.opponuni'yorl .econdrcpl y
and id."Who.old you.ha. you are naked!
UlIlcnyoual,ofthc,r,cofwhichlcom.
mlndedyaullo"oca,:Conlidcrhawpra-
fo und arc the word. of God'. wi sdam. H.
IIY'."Why do you lIy tha, you are lIaked bu.
hide YOUt lOll! Doyou ... Uy.hinkth .. IH.
only your body bu. do nO'''' yourh ..... nd
your .haugh"r Sinc. Ad.m wu deceiv.d hc

,d.omcth,nglik. thll to h,mlclf,"lfl "y
thltlamnakcd.God,nhi.,gnoranc.will
1I). \VhYlrcyou nakcdI'Thenlolullhl v,
'0 deny and.a),' ldo nOt know:and .o1
Ihall not bc caught by h,m and he will give
m.backlhegarm.n, , ha, I had a, fir ... If
nO'.I. longuhcdocl no,ca" me OUI. h.
will nO, uil. While h. Wa> thillking
th.Hthought .. God.unwiUing'omuh,
ply hi. guil""YI."Ho" did you ... liu ,h ..
you a .. ... ofth. tr of
which I commanded younot,oeat: l. ilu
though he .. ,d."Oo you rnllythink thll you
can hide from m., 00 you ,magine Iha,1 do
no,kno,, ,.,ha,you have don., Will you no,
u).'lhav .llnn.dtS'y.Oacound .. l. ' Yc . it
11 ' ru'. M ... e I h.vc tun.grcucd your
command. lhov.f.Ucnbyh .. cningto.h.
woman,counJc1.I am grcatlyat fauhfo,
doi ng whIt Ih ... id Ind di.ob.ying your
wo,d. HIve me,,), on m.!'" But h.do .. not
humbl.h,mlclf.hcdoclno.b""d.Th.ncck
ofhllheanIlHkealln oflton!Foth.dh.
.. ,d ,hi . h.migh.h." .... y.dinp ... d" . By
.h"on.wotdhcmigh,hav"paccdhimlclf
du. whol e cyde of nib wllhaut number
tha:h.cndurcdbrhllcxpul .. onand,n
Ipcnding.oman)ccntu"co , nhell.O'I
COll IlSflSS"
TO GOD. Th.n.11 il quite com.
mon in C&ael of p.id he dOCl nOt acclilC him.
u lf ofh.ring (onunted to Ihe woman b...t
pU.hClthef.u!t off upon,h ... omon.Thus.
u
if outaf .clevcrnClI .h' poo,fellowhadcon_
uived,hecunningly,rlcd,o ... ribuhlllln
nin"oGodh,m .. lf.Forhcdod notjUlluy.
",he woman gon.o me: but Iddedon."he
womln you glvc.o m.: Nothin, is .. char&<.
tcrift'cof.i nn ... u.a .... n"a ... ribu,.'o
God enrythin, for which ,her areacCUl(d .
Thll ari .. 1 from Ihl' v. in of prid . For m.n
.inned in wi,h,n"o bc like God . hat i., ."be
f. e from his dom,nion, u God il fre. from all
dom,n,on,a,ncc he il ,he Lo.d ofalJ.Two
Boou 01< G."u" ACAI .. ST TOn
MAN' CHA .....
3: 13 God QII.Jl ioIU 11..
E"., EVU'ONI. EPH OI THBSn'AN:Sincc
Ad.mdidno,wilh,ocanfeuhilfollr God
camedo ... nt0'luu,ionE ... lnduidtohc
Whui hi.,h .. )'Ouh ....
,n" .. dofm.kinglupplicldonwi,hh .. ,elrs
Indbe .. ingtherlul.her, clf lO ,h.,merc)
might ,ake hold of both hc,"ndhcrhulband.
,e'ponded by uy,ng no,"Th.,upcnt cou"
Hied or seduced me'but "Th, lupcnl
deceivedm ndI atc:
When the 'wo of,h.m hadheen '1uc.<
lIoncdandwenbo.hfourul,al>c ... antlng,n
remor .. o,uu.conui"on. God ... en.down,o
the.erpcn,no"omoktin'lu''1'bu orendcr
puni.hmen"Forwh ... ,he.e;l opportun,,)'
ror rcpcn,. nc . 11 would be righ. toin'lu"e.
bur .0 one who i.I .... torepcn,"n,
Jud,mentufiltl ng.CO .... NTA.YOl<Gfil<151S
.
E ... A ... o R .. ", .. TO CO ...... H S, ,,.
Snllo" TH& NI ... THROW"' .... : Moo God
hldl.ftAd .. ".h..cam. , oE .... H ...... n .. d,o
. howhor,hllshe,oowouldbtuIIOUI.if.he
w ... unwilli ng'orep.nt.Soh .... id.\Vh.oti.
.h",ha,youhav. don.!"lothar.h tluJI
"ugh,belble,o"'r:lhav.ltnn.d." MydK
d,dGodn .. d.olpeakth ...... ord.,oh ...
unl.N ,nd .. d'o.nabl. h.r ,o .... ). ln my foUr.
OM ..... r.I..lowlr wrech.h.u.don. th,
.nd h."., d,oobeyed you. H."" m" cron me?"
Bu, .hed,d notur,h, . MI.did.he .. y'
Th rpen' beguiled m.: How .en.deu? 50
youh .. clpokcn with.he lcrpen . wholpe"lu
Iglln1.yourM ..... r,Himyouhav.preferred
.0 God who mad. you. You have valu.d hi.
Idv".morehighlr .. ndheldlt.obt.ruer.han
.he comnundmen. of your Mu ... ! 50. when
Ev GQ'..a.un .. bl o ... ,.lh ...... 1Rn.d:
bo.hwer.cu,outfromtheplauofenjoy
m.n, . Ther w ... ban .. hed from p.rad ... and
from God. D'SCOltMSas s.6. "
THB U"W' LLI .. GNUI T O R .PI"T. Do.
OTHlulOf GAz.o.:Aga,n.If tAd.omh .. d
don ........ ngGodgav.h,ml chlnco.o r.pen.
and bt forg,v.n.1nd "",he kepI on bt,ng .. i!f
nked Indunrepentan . For God Um.10
h,m .. nd .... id. ... d.m.wh ...... you, inl.ud
of uy,ng.From whl'glory a yo" (ome ,0
.h,,1 Ar. you no. u h.medl Why did you.in!
My did you go .... ntr.-IIifu'lli nghim
oh .. p1ro ... rForgiwm.!Bu.,h.r ....... no
.ignofhumili ' r-Ther,,,unoch.ngeofheul
bUI ralh .. ,h. contra!"}'. H ... pl ied:ne wife
thllyougav.m."- mlrkyou. nol mr
wilfe" - d.ceind wife th ... gave

head:50itiJ. my brethren. when.manh ...
nOI.he gull 1<>&CCuse himul{. he dou no.
aCCuse God h'mKlf. Then God
came 10 .. ndu.id 10 h . Whrdid you no,

you would onlr.a).Forgi v. me:.o humble
rour50ulandbtforgiyen:"'ndagain.no,.
word! No forgiye m.: onl)" In.w .. ed.
"The.erpen,dccciycdm.:-Ilif,o",).if
.h. ... rpen' did wrong..wh .. , concern i h ... o
melW'h .. , Ire yo .. doing. yo ....... h .. ! Kneel
,n .. penllnct ... cknowkdg. your f .,h. lake
pity on yo .. r nakedne ... BUlnei.herlheon.
nor Ihe olher ooped '0 aelf.ccu .. "on. no
... cc ofhumilily wu found in eilher of Ihem
And no'"look and conlider ho,,' Ih",,'"
onlr.n .nttcipa,ion ofourown .... e!S how
,-
m.nr lndg .... "' .... iLo i,h ... b,ough,on
u.-.h" .. lf.j .... ific ... ion.lhi' hold,og f .... o
our o .. n wiU h .. <>buinaq-,n betngour own
guidt.Sp''''Tu''ll"STlWCTtO><'.''
3:1415 THE PUNIS HMENT OF T H E SER PENT

YDU Ihi.,
art YDU abov. aH
abDvr Dnima!s;
wpan'yawrb,UYJDulhaUgo,
YDU lball tal
all ,h. of yaur lif.
"I ",ill pur . nm;,y b.,,,, n you tb. WDman,
andbttwun yowrlt.d andb.rlt.d;
h.' .hall &rw;I(' y"ur
andyo" brwil.' h;, h.d,"
OVIlIt.VIB,,:Godpuni.he.lhe rpenrwirh
ou,inquiringb.cau iti,aJlranger'o
r.p.nranc . Godcu .... th erpentabov<all
bu."becau.ci,JeccivcdAdam andEvc,
whomled anb ..... (EPHRE .. ).h'puni.h
mentup ... en .. rhcpuni . hmenrofrhedevil
(AMBII.osB,AuGUST'NI)."Du" you .han Ut"
mCan. that thc dcvil wiH look for and
de.,ro)' tho.e mcn who are ca<thly minded
and PUt all thcirhopc in thc earth (C'6'
$ .. IlIUS OF ARLIlS). God pu .. enmirr bctwccn
the ... pcntand rbewoman becau we can
not be tcmpted by.he dtvilucept 'hrough
that animala.p<" ,hat rcvcal. rh imag. or
exemplificnion ofrhe wOman in th. one
whole man (AUGUSTINII).Thcocrpcn,i,not
dc.,roycd b)' God in ordertowam men
"pin" the dangcrof.in (AMUIlOSB).God,
word . "J will pu,enm"yb",wccn you and
rnc woman. and bctween you,..ecdand her
occd:c.nbe re.d pufiguri ngof the VLC,
toryofChri .. over the devil (1IlN"fius)
3:14GoJ C"r. t.lh.Strptnr
THII SIIIlP''''T Is .. ST .... NGII .. TO REPBN'
T"NCII.EpHRIIM THE SVRUN; \Vh.n [Adam
and Eve] had bccn quurioncdand wc .. borh
foundtobewan,inginremoru o,tru<confTi.
tion.God wcntdown to Ihe.crpcnt, no, to
mak. inqui ry bu,to rcnderpuni.hmen"For
whercthcrei,oppofl uni'yforrcpen,ance, it
wouldb.righttoinquire,bu,roonewhoi
. "angertottpcntance,j udgmenti.fitting.h
i.iothat you mightknowth.ttheurpcn,i.
notcapabl eof repcntance,that when God uid
fO i,:Secau.eyou have donc thi., cur .. d a ..
you.bove eve,)' b ... t:the .c'pent did nOt
).,.J did not do;t:bccau .. it,, r .. id to
lie. no, did it.a).J did it:bec.u.e it "a, .
"rang ...

Goo Cu u IT ABo". ALL B .... T
E.Hu"'THBST.u.N:C"rud ... ..,yo" ... bo
.".rybnll,"b.C ... "a. yo"dccc,v.drhouwho
rul.o raUrh.bc: .... ".hllt.adofb.'ngmor.
dov.rrhanall.he buJI,youwHlbe mor.
,urud tban all the b ....... and ' on your beUj'
,hall yougo:b.cluo<youbr<>ughr b,. th pang.
uponlh.rac.ofwom.n.Anddultyouohall
n'a!I.uy,ofyourlikbe ...... uyou<kpriv.d
Adam and Ev. from eaung of Ih. , .. e of Lik
ON ;.;9.1.'
THM 0 ... 0 .. CO .. o ..... "TlON. A .. BBUSE
Th.nrp.nti.a 'yp.oflh.plu.uruof,h.
bodj'. Th. woman Itand. forour n.e. and
.h.manfo.ourm;nd . PL.aourell, ,,,h.
.. n wh,ch ,n ,urn h Ih.".ffecl on th.
"u"d.PL.asure. ,h.refore.i.lh'pnm ... ..y
sour<.of. ,n. Fo"his reuon. do nOt wonder
11 thc faCl tha, by Go .. r.judgm.nt Ih <:rpen.
wao flrlt cond.mned. then Ih. woman .nd
finally rh. man. The ord., of cond.mnu,on.
,oo.corre'ponded to Ih ... t of th. C"m corn
m,,,.d. forpL.asureu.ualLycapt;'a,u,h.
en .. a. andthe .. n.u c.p".a.e.h.m,nd.To
convu" . you th .... ,h."rpen, "th. type of
pluau.e akenot.ofh"condemnallon.On
your br ".nd on yourb.Uy.haU you crawl:
w.rcad.Onlytho whohv.forlh.pLu."re.
o{,h<llomachcanb.uid.owalkon,h.i,
bclliu: whofCgodi. th.irbdl),andrh.ir
glory i. thelf.hamc:' who eat ofwhac "
urthy.nd ... ho. wcighed down "'"h food ....
b.n, on. to ...... rd ... hat .. of ur.h. The .. r
pentlf ... Uc.Ucdth'rmbo!ofplea.ure,n
thal. ,n .. nt on food,h .... m' 10 f .. d on th.
carth,'On you,bre .... , and on your bdiy shall
youcnwl.du".hallyou.a, .U,h.day.of
yourlif.: I',,"""' UI 5.7l74.'
,.
PllN"""'.NTOf n ' ID.",L.AuoUITII<I:
.. rpent i. no'no"''1uu"on.dhu,
rccciv.dpunishm.n, firs,. benusc he unnOt
con{euhi in.On ....... hocannotconf.u.in
has nogrounda,aUfote:r.culi ngh,mlclf.
There 11 no men, ion now of . ha< condemn,.
,ionof,hedevil.h .. i.,,,,erv.d for th. lut
j udgm.n'.of ....
aays."Ocpa" ,n.o th crnal fin, which hao
bc.npupa,edforth.d.vil ... ndhuang.t..:'
Ra.h .. tfm.nllon. tha'punishmentofhll
' gain" whICh w. mu .. bcon guard. Fnr h ..
pun,.hm.nt ",ha, h. h in h,s power rho
who dc.p' " the command of God. Th ... ord.
b),wh"h ntencci. pronounc"d aga,nothim
,hi. dear. Th. pun,.hm.nt ;a the g.ca.er

wh.rcubcforeh,.fallh." ..... ccw,omed.o
"JO,cc,nlhe.ubhmc .. u.h" nwhochh.d,d
no ... maln.H.ncc.".n,h.caltlc.r ....
.h .... dofh,m.no.'npo .. c,buf ln fh.prc.cr.
,."on of th."n .. ,u, . Fo,ca"le did nn,lo ...
hca.enly happ,n .... ,ha"h tnc"cr h ... db .. ,
hv hc"lif.,n,hcn.tur.th.,.hey .. cClv.d .
HcnuGod'l,dfohlm. You will c ... p upon
you,cb .... ndbcUy."\V.can .. eth .. 'n.h.
.nak ..... w.U ndth.e:r.p ..... 'nn' . ... n.
f .... dfromlh.,.isibL.an'maJ.o,hll,nv ..
cnemyofou.r . Fo.(h.(crm,I>tJlllgnifiu
p,id.bccauu,he",ongdrivcaof,h.loul
ruJe,hcre.Th. termi>dIYOLgnif,.."carnal
d ..... beclulCth"pa"ofthebod)'",ecog
n,zedu.oflC,.S,nccbyth cmcan.h.
nups upOntno .. whomh." ... nutodece,v .
Ge>daa,d,'YouwiILcrccp upon your ch .. , and
bell)': Two 800)[s 0 .. GaNu,s.I,,:aINST TH

GaKa,.):,,,,,S
T". DIVIL DU T.on THon WHO A
E .... T"U M,ND .... C .. I ..... ,US OF Aun:
God laid 10 d.vil :Olllt you Ih .. ll u,: b
i',h ..... thth .. tw.'re .. dllnd.rf_tthatthc
devil UII, bre,hren! No, It i, who Ire
u .. hlym.ndcd.lCnlll.!andproud .... ...,IOYc
thcunh."dp!ac ll,h.irhopeoinit.Th.y
l.bor.ntircly forcar".l Idv." .. g ..... , h., {or
Illch pl.uur ,.nd think littl.or nothing of

.h.", ,h. d.villCd .... H. "'cmllo do 10 junl)',
{or,h.ywcr.usigncdtohim.,lh.bcglnn",g
of,h.world ... h.ni .... u id.ohim,Dw,
fOu .h.1I ut.Therefore I., e.ch Onc I_I. 10
hi.owncons.ci.nco.lfh.lccolhalh.hu
gru,crcar.fo,hilbodylhan{o,hi ouJ.lu
h,m fur that h. will bnome the food ofthc
urpcnt. SU"OH5 116.'
): 1; E"",ifyBetw."" fht S.rp""tandtlJt
Woma"
Sn .. o Ll cM ...... , .. G o 'THIE"' .. ,TT.
nth.
ICrp4'n,"ndtbcm.nbu,bcrwc.nthcICrpcnt
.. nd ,he WOman. Thi ... lurcll' nOt beuu .. h.
f.ilo,od.c.iv ndt.mp.mcn, i.itIOn,h.
contra'r,iti.dea,lhalh.doc.dcceivcthcm.
O.i."bccau hcdidnoldeccivcAd .. mbut
hi . womanIBu,il,h.urp4'n,thcnno,thc
enemy of , h. mln 10 whom .hlt deception
came ,hrougb h"womln, eopcciaUy,in.el
",m pllcc.nmitybe,we.nyou.nd.he
... om.niln.t.dinlh.fu,u,.l lfth ..... oni.
thath.didnotth caftcrde.eiv.Adam,itil
al ... trU.thlfh.didnotlh.relh.rdcc.i...,
E.n.Hcncc.",hydoc,Scrop.urcpu,i"hi.
""rITo';'o,, dca,h-,h., "'. can"", bc
I.mpt.dbl, th.d.vil .. ccp"h.oughtha,ani
mal part .... "ic" .. y.ab,"o,o . puk. ,h. imag.
0< uemp!ification of ,h. woman in ,he on.
"
m .. n. Two Boou 0'" G8"'ISIS
AG ... ,,,,sTT,, .M ... ,,,,cH ... uNs . 18 . a.'
GOD Do .. NOT OUTaOY TM. S "'T.
A .... on: Godjudgcd tha' ..... '0 be held
in (hnk for a tirn. rather than tobc
de"roy.d,10 t .. a,h ..... y.,o.helCrpcnt,J
will pu, .nmi,y b .. ",un fOu and ",om.n,
and your and ,h .... d of ,h
wom .. n.Sh haUwatehforrourhcadand
you for hcrhccl. Wh.re.nmine. remain.
,h .. crema",ldn(ord.ndth.d .. ".,odo
harm.\\'h.reth.'.i ..... d ... ".,odoharm,
,h ........ i1I1C1tablilhed. Th.reforethe "
d'JCordbcrwccnth.IC'pcn.andlh.woman.
Evil i. at th.bucofdis.co,d: ,hu, evil hll nOt
bcen,ncda,,ay.lnde.d.ilh .. b.:enrc ..... cd
forth.ocrp4'nl , lh .. h.m'gh,watchfor,h ..
woman', h.eland h .... l ofhet ICed, ... a. 10
doharm .. ndlnfulehi'poi.on. Thereforel.t
ul no, .... alkinearthlything.,.nd,h crp.n,
will not beabl. '0 harm u . L., u'pu, on ,an
dal.ofth.golpcl,hat.hutou"helC'pcn,,
poi ... nandblun,hi.bi, .. ,h.,,,,.m.ybcpro.
idcdwithcoveri ngonou,f .. etbJ'rhegOlpcl.
FUGOlTHOlolTOlIWOJl.LD7.4l."
ENIoI,TYA PJI. .. ' GUIAT10NO.TMBV,CTO.T

Ch';lIcompl ... I)'renc",edall,hi"gl,both
.. king up the battl.againlt our cn.my.nd
cnuhingh,m ... hoatthebcgonningh.dl.dw
cap.iv. in Adam, trampling on hi. hud ...
you find in Gcnc.i. th .. God lIid '0 th r
pcnl, lwillpulenmi'ybctweonyouand,h.
... oman. andbc.w nyourIC.dand,h .. sud
of the woman. will be on the watch 0"
yo .. rh .. d.lndyou .. illbeonth ...... chro"
hi. FT<>m thn"n it wa. that
.. the
likene ... ofAd.m. wouldbeon,hewa"hf"r
.he.erpen ... h .. d.Thi.i.th.seedofwhich
.he,poSlle .. y. in.he lettu '0 the Galatian .
The law of wo,tu was established until the
.eed should come.o whom the prom i wu
made.'" Heshow hi ... illmo",clearl)'in
.h ..... me.pi.d.wh.nh. sayo. Bu, when the
fullne ... of'im< , ... ,15 <om God sent hilSon
made af a waman:" Th nem)' wauld nat
have been jUldy canquered unless it had been
a man mad. af Waman who conquered him.
Far i. ,n' b)' a wOman that he had power aver
man fram the beginning etting himself up in
app".ition to man. Bccau5eofthi"he Lard
alsadeclareshimoelflObe.heSonafMan, .a
renewing in him.elf .ha. primal man from
wham .he farmatian af man by waman began,
that aI ou' racewen,dnwn.ndeath by a man
whn avercame. and asdea.h wOn rhc palm af
vic.nryav .. usbyaman . nwemightb).
man receive.he palm nfvictory over de.th
AGA'NST Hnuns
3:16-19 THE P UNISHMENT OF ADAM AND EVE
b. ,aid.
0J will multiply JOw, in
in pain JOu bringfortb ,bildr,n.
yowrhsband.
rwl, opu JOw.
" And to Ad a", b'l4id.
JOu to th. VO;ct of yowr wife.
t4 t'n oftbe trre
of whicb J JOu.
TowshallnOlr4foJil:
,wr>cd is Ih, ground of you];'
in toil JOU ,al of il days of Jour life;
"fbM"l and it shall JOu;
dn': yow th. of Ihr fiei':
rh. of Jour
shall ,a:
fm_yOW ,etur" Ih. grounoi .
foroutof;tJou ...
JOU dust. '
And todult' JovlbAllrtturn:
Ov .. v, n,: The Inah il punilhed fin, in
ord<r.ogiv. ... ihil i.y.o
(PH"'''), pain. on Eve
in bringing fo .. h child ... n.ymbolin.h. pain.
that human heing ufftr in gwing I .... h 10
temperance in their lOul (AUGUsn .... CHIIY
sosro .. j. Marriag ... duil<d in order that Ih.
humantactmighlhtprue .... edhythe,.,nul '
.ionofchild ... n ( j oHNopD"M"scul ).lfAdlm
andEv.hldno,"inn.d.lh.birlhingofchil
d ... n ....... ldluv.taken place in paradise ... i.h
oul'oon:!in.u.conC\lpit.c:.nc. ( .... UGuST1N.j.
.... dam.hud.hip .. uturn.dup.id.do ... n
bJ'Ev.. ac,ion(C ... r$OSTOMj. Theironyo{
Adam'.cutJeiotlutllifeofcon n.men.had
b.upromi .. dund., bollndariu,bu h.
lif.h.chosc"putfrom.hosebo"ndal'elw ...
thorns. thi.t1 Ind labor (CuJLopAI.UA"
OIUA,C" .... SOSTOoll ). The whole cr ... llon IS
dc .. in.d.oohl ... in.hccllrseofmlnlnd
... om.n (M .. c ... "'.TH.G .... T).
Thclabo .. and ... "o ... impoo.donAd.m
Ind.llhllmanprog.nyar.vi ..... dby .h.
F.,h ...... both spiri'\I.1 (AUGltSTts.) .nd
phyt.cal (CHI<YSOSTO>II ). Thcthomothatgrow
on earth.ymbohu.h inoofhumankind
r.mov.d by Christ (TuruLu4",j. Death "'11
not impo d by God on Adlmand Ev. bUI
wu onnqu.n .. of.heird.liher .... in
(A ..... osl). Youshallr .. urnrodw.d ....
no,mean,h.uh"mannuhpcrioh .. com.
pl.,oJy bu,u,I.i.il ff.nlformedinotd<r.o
b.r .. "" .... dbyllICru.o . Chri" .... ln.ing
,oru"".c.,ha,,,hich"h.dgon.in.odlllt:
look an urthlybody (O.IGEN).
AFT T" ,S"PI"' T'& P u .. " .. "' u .. T.Ao ....
.. .. oEv. Do NOT RBPB .. T. E.HB", T N I
Sr "N:Th'p"ni.hmenld.".td'glinlrlh.
. erpent "' ... Jwdy d .. ..,.d. Whyllkuu if
,,ufitt;nglhllp"niohm.n.rc,urn.o.h.
placewh ... follj'Mgino. Th n.ire,u.on
G<>d b'gln wi.h Ihil impiou5 CrUlure wao 1<1
that,wh.nju.IIC.lppc diuan,.,r<>n.hi.
crta."rc.AdamandE" houJdgro ... afraid
and .. pcn ..... ha' ,h ... rn'ghlhe. pouibility
foS .... oprele ..... th.mfrom.he cll .... of
j" .. icc,B" .... h.n,h ... ,?<n.hadhe.ncursed
.ndAdamlnd E".bad .. illm.d.nooupp),ca.
lion. God clm o .h.m w;.h puni.hmen . H.
cam oE".fi .... bccl .... 'lw .... hro .. ghh ..
.hll.h.linw ... hand.donloAdlm.Co ..
.. U 0 .. G .... IlS
T,, " WO ...... 5 Cu. n.CH.nono .. ,
.h.Lordlgoodnc.o. howmllchmildn ... ho
.mploj'l do'pi"I"ch 1 rribJ. falL ! will
g ... dyaggr.,,"!C.h.p.inofyourlabor. MJ
intenlion hadbe.n. h.;1 n r ing. for you to
h,vcllif.f..,.ofll'<lllbJ nddi ........ , r;dof
allp.inlndgri.f, fiJl.d ... ;thcvcrypl.lll1re
andwi.h nO'enIC of bodily ncedl dupiteyollr
bodi]ycondi.ion, Bu,.inc'youmi. ul<d l llch
ind"lgcncc,.nd.h.ab .. ndlouofgood,bi njl' o
led you inlOOllcft ing ... ituci . accord,ngiy I
impoo.,h .. c ..
.herrunningrinl,andJsen.enceyou.opain_
fullabor."Jwillgreatly oggravatethepainof
your labor; in pain you will bcarchildren:
I will ensure. hei.uying.tha.thegen .. a
rionofchildren.arearonforgreat.ari.f.c
tion.foryouwi ll beginwithpainwth each
timewi.hou. fail you will perlon.lly have a
romtnder.through the di.tres. and the p.in of
e.chbirth.ofthemagnirudeofthi inofdi.
ob.dience .... lntheb.ginninglcre dyou
equal in esteem to your husbond. ond my
in .. ntion ... .. th.rineverythingyouwould
shartwithhtma.anequal.andaslentru .. ed
cnntrolofevery,hingto your hu.band. ".did
I to you, but ynuabu.ed your equalit) of ...
,us.Htncel.ubje you '0 ynut hu.band
Ho.,'lIesoo<G&NES'SI7.)O),.)6. '
Sno ... OLIC MlI .. NING
I.,POSHD 0 " EVi>. AUGIJSTlNE: Ther. i.no
que .. ionaboutth.puni.hmentofth.
woman. For.h. cI.arly h her p.in nd
.igh,multipli.dinth.woeoofthi. lif.
Although htr bearing her chi ldren in pain i,
fulfilled inthi. visibl. woman. Our consid.r
arion.houldnever,hel ... b .... oll.d.o,h.t
more hidden WOman. For even in anima!. th.
femal bearoff.pringwithpoin ndthi.i .
in ,heir .... thc condition ofmortali,y
r.therth.n.hepunishmcntof . in.Hcnce. it
i'pouibleth.tth"b h. condi,ionofmor
t.lbodi .. eveninthefem.lesofhum.n . But
rhi .i.thegreatpuni.hment:theyh. v.com.
coth'p ... entbodilymortali'rfromth.ir
(ormer immo"alitj"Still there i great
mysterr inthi entcncc,beuu therei,no
rUtUln, ftom catnal desire. which does no,
havepam ,n,hco.g,nnmsun,i lh.bithas
been bcn, ,o"'ard improvement. When thi '
has come abou,. it is as rhough a child i.
born, .h., IS . ,h. hab!! dispo ... Our
inten,ions ,owatd ,h. good d .,d. In order
tha. t his habit might be born. t herc w
painfulnrugglewithb.dh.bit.Scripturc
add frth.birth."You will rurn to youc
man . ndhe willruleoveryou." ... Wh.t
canthi. me.nuceptth.t when tha, parr o(
the.oul held by carnal joys has. in will ing to
conquerabadhabit . uffereddifficult),.nd
pain.ndinthi , wrbroughtforth.good
habit. it now morccarefully.nd dilignd),
ob.y.rcasonuits hu.b.nd'Andtaught b)'
itspaino,itturn.,o rea.on.ndwilling!r
obeys i .. command. leSf it again d.dinc to
some harmful habit. Two BOOKS GBN .
S,S AOA1NST TH. MAN'CHA"AN. 1.t9.19. '

TWN 0_ DAMASCUS
ViTginit)waspracticedinpar.di.e. !nd.ed.
sacred Scripture ny' th.t",her ",erenaktd,
<0 wit. Adom ond Ev., .nd were not ashamed,"
However.oncethrh.dfall.n.the),kn.,,
th .. they ... eren.ked , .ndbeins .. h.med,h.)
sewed together.pton, focthcm.e!ve . Af.er
the fall. when Adam hcard"Du.s. ,hou . ... and
unrodustyou&hoU turn:.nddeo,hen .. rcd
into ,h. world through tran,sre .. ion, th.n
Adom knew hi. wife. who conceived .nd
broughtforth.And.o,o kt.prhcr.cefroR'.
dwindling and being destroyed by dcath. m.r
ri.ge ..... ' d.v .. ed o that by the beJ;erringof
children ,h. r.ce of men might bepre.ervtd

P"oCRIl .. n ON WOIJ LOHAVETAE HNPLACIl

may w.nOl au um.,h.t ,h. fir.' couplebefor<
,her 'i nned could h."'gi'.n. command ' 0
GDlg"F'''''9
thci.",niuJ organ, for ,he purpo.., ofproc ..
ation U they did to the other m.mbeutha,
thc.ouli. accultom.dlomov.loperrorm
nrioUAu,luwi.hou,any.roubl.lndwithou.
any cnving for pl.uur.! For.h lmigh.y
Crutor,worthyofprai ...... yond.llword .
who i.great .... n in ,he l.uI of hi. worlu. hu
gi,..ntoth ....... th.po ... rof"'producing
,h.iryoungjuJtu.h.yproduc.wuand
honey. Wh). ,h.n, .hould;' cm Myond M'
I,cf,h.,hcm.d.,h.bod, oflhcfiro,human
bc,ng.,n.ucha .... y,ha'.if,hcyhldno,
. inncd.ndh:u:lno,immcd,alCly,h .. cupon
con .. "" .. d. d,HUC that would brongdcath.
,hey would move ,he m.m""ro by which off
Ipring ... g.ncr ... d in th. lam ..... y ,hat on.
command.hi,f .. , .. h.nh ... alh.JO ,hat
conc.puonwouldukcplacc ... ilhoutdi,or
d .. cdpauionlandbi"hwi,hou'p.in!Bu,al
it ... hydtsobcy,ngGod.commandlh.)
d ..,,.,...d.o th.ir m.mM .. ,
wh.r. dc.,h no'"r.ign.d. ,h. mov.m.n, of .
la ... at war wi.h ,1..1 .... of Ih. m,n4. Thi. 11 I
m"nm.n, ,h., marelag. rcgulatu .nd <on,,
ncnc.cont,,,I. andcon .... inl . oth.,wh.r.
puntshm.nthufollo_d.in.th ... corrcctoon
m.y follow punllhm.n,.' 0" THE

A"u,', RUPo"" .,U'T E,, "
DI PAULTEO. CH1t.YSOSTOM: Af r Ill. you.re
h.adofyour ... if nd . h.h .. bc.ncr .... d
foryour .. k.:b",youh .... inv .... dth.
propcrorder:no,onlrhlvcyouf.ilcd,oltccp
h.ron,heltraigh,andnarro,,bl>tYl>navc
b ndrlgg.ddownwithh.r,.ndwh ...... h
... tofthcbodt'lbouldfollo. th.hcad . he
cOntrl'1,ha.,nfactocc .. rr.c!,.heh.ac!follow.
ingth.r."of.hebody.'I>rningthing .,p,idc
down. Ho>OlUU ON GINISI5 ".,1.'
5"" UTu .. lAlnCT Of'K.PUN, I HMI NT
IMPolao oH THI M .. ".AuGUST' ... : \V!,a,
.hall ...... y.bo .. ,d .. judgrn.n.pronouacec!
again .. ,h. man! Are w. pcrhap othink tha,
u.erich,for .. homth.nc .. iticsoflifecom.
.uily.ndwhodonolLaboron,hc .. nh.hn.
.",ap.d Ihi' pua i.hmen.! h ""y.:Th. carth
.. ill bcc .. BCdfo.you in all yourworlu.and
YOUlhlllca,fromnino.adne .. andgroaniag
all .h. day. of your life. h will brong forth
,hor", and u.i.du for you. and you will ca,
.b.guin of your 6.ld. In ,hc.w ... of your
brow you will ca. yourbrud un.il you return
.o . he earth from which you .... re takcn.fo.
you Ire carth, andyou will rurn'0 th,
.. nh.- Itilcc""lnJydurtha,noone .. cap.'
thilunrcncc. For anyon. born in thtl lif. 1.1.
difficultyiadac"".ring.h ..... ,hbcc ...... of
th.corruptibl.bodr.Foru Solornon say
"Th.bodrha,i.<orrupt.d .. eigh,downth.
Klul.andthecatthl)habnation p ...... down
,h. m'nd.h .. t,hink.manythough ..... Th ..,
arc th. laboroand KlrrOWI ,h .. man 1.1. from
th ... nh.Th.thom.lnd,hi .. I ..... th.
prickIng. of,onu,0u<q .. u1ion. or.hougbu
conccrn.c!withp,ovidi ngfor.hi,life.Two
BOOKS 0 .. GII"UIS AG ... NST THI M .. ,,
'CH .. I .. N$")O.)o.'
T HII PHn ' C"LAsPlCTOFTHIIPUN' SH'
MI N' OF M ....... 5"",< man had
.h"wnsrca,dilobcdi. ncc.Godc .... h,mfonh
from hi. life in paradiu. God c .. rl>cd min'.
Ip"nformcfu.urc.lO.b"hemtgh:no,l.ap
far,h., 'wn. H. cond.mn.d inm to . life 0:
'ci.,.-...<*<I .. ""I;.J'J. .. C .. "" <WI1.a::.'FC
'1>1."15. 'FCM, '15
toilandbbor pcakinglohiminlOm uch
fuhion at and l ecudt)' Ihlt
we .. youu in abundanco led you to mil grtl.
di.oNdien,e. They mad. you fo.get my (om'
mandmenu. You hid nOlhing to do. ThaI I.d
you tOlhink Ihoughu 100 blughty fo. your
o ... nnllu ....... Th ror . [(ond.mnyoulo
toilandbbor.lOlhal whil'lillinglheearm.
you may n.e,fo'gel yourdi,oNdi.nco Ind
th.vil.n ... ofyournatu : S .. PTt S .... L
1 .. sT .. uCTtON'4S,"
ST ... OLl S .. Of TMBTHO .. ". T ... TulU .. N:
Towha, kind ofl crown. I Ilk you. did
Ch. iItJuus.ubmi,forlhelahationo(bo,h
luu! H.",hoil,h.headof manand,h.
gloty of woman Ind ,he hu.baodof,he
(hu.ch-wha, kind of crown! It wal mlde
from thornl and thiltlu. They llood 11 a
.ymbolofthe. inllhalthelOiloflheflub
b,ough,for,hfo.ulbu,tha"b.poweto(
, h.cro .... mo.d.blun.ing.v .. )".tlnSo(
du,h "need ... hud o(,h. Lord bor. iu

mind.d.lloofth.uornfv.l.bu . th.degra
dat,onlnd th. "il.n .... of hi. C.llel ,orm.n
'0'"O" THEC .. OWl< 14.]. "
Mu .. "." O. THB Cvaul.
Ikholdth.reminde .. oflh.cu.u:thornlit
willl>nng fofth. h''''Y'. lnd ,h;.des 10 I. '0
Il'. nU 10 PUt llbo. and dil.comfo ... lnd [
,,ill.nlun' you pUI ,h. "'hol.'im .... "h plin
10 tha. ,hil ma)" pro on
you'g.ni ngidelllboveyou.lu.ion.andy""
may inllead havo a Iho"gh,loyou, own
.. n""u,o""d.ce,vedin
thes.ma"e".
"YOll are .. , ea,oflhegrallofthe field. In
,h we., of your b"""mal' you elt your
b .. Id.:Seeho"lft.rhildilOb.di.nc ..... ry_
thingi.impo..,donhiminanoppo"".wa)".o

youin,o.hc world. h. is aaying. wutha'r"u
,houldliveyourlif.withou,!""inor.oil,diffi
cultyorlw .... and.h .. yoll,hould""'na
"ate ofenJ"ym.nt Ind p'OlPf'''ty.lnd nor""
, ubjcc. 10 Ihcnudsofmcbod,' bu, ""f.
f.omal1.lIchlndh .... th.goodfortune,o
upc.ienecc"mplete freedom. Since. howeer,
l uchindulgcnc.wuofnobenefi lloyoc.
occord",glylcllrlelh.g.oundlothll"",m
no.infv.turc y,c1d,uh ... "estuNfo wilh-
oU'lilhngandplO<lghing.ln,,,"dl,nvcstyou
.... ithgrcatlabo . oilanddifficul,y.andwi'h
unrcmi"ingpainanddupai'.l ndl.m.n.ur ,
ing,h.,e .. cry,hingyoudo iloch,evcdonl)'b)"
Iwca, "o.hltund.rp .... urcf.om,h.seyou
mo)"h>vcconunu.algui<lance",knp,ng.o
limiuand"(ogn,:,ngyou. own makcup.
Ho .. ,uuON G.NU'S ' 7.4041. "
.... P$.U'>O
M.e .. u "" Adam was created pur. by God
fo,hil.., .v" . All,helec.utu'ClweregwOH
to him 10 Ie.v. h'm. He wu dunned 10 "" Ih.
10.dandkingofallerea,urc.,Su,whcn.he
ev;l ... ordClme,ohimlndeoncr..,d .. ;th
him. h. firlt rec.iv.di"hrough Inuternal
hu,ing.Thcn"p<nctrat.dinloni,he"rtan':
,ookchlrgeorh; .... """en n.w ..
,hu.cap.u,cd.crea.ion .... h,chm'n ...... dand
""cdh,m . .. ucapru .. dwlfhh,m.F,FTT
Sp,a"uu HO .. ,L,BS II.S."
-"(;\\' 11_1.
,"" "PMfSH,!
ODORSTopCn: 6 ausc rhc devil w .. envi
ou ndthewom.nw .. gullible,hum.nkind
w imm.di."'lyca .. ou,ofp.r.disc.h .... u
made .o walk .he ve.y ear.h from which Adam
hadju .. been neated. inheriting.wea., toil
.nd hardlabo . Alongwi.h Adam,thc c.cth
. nd all living.hingsthat followed wer ub
jc".dtoevil,beingr "ain.dlike .horsc
that i. bridl.d. Fot.inc. Adam did not use

an ag. whkh wa. fr.e from .orrow and
pain-hew join.d.oadvcrSi.)".Throughhis
suff<ringhe migh hengetridofthedi.ease
which had corn. upon him in th. midst ofpa.
adis .
6y puni.hing uS with duth,.he l.wgivcr

ver)" punishment h. abo d.mon ..... ed hi.
... h .ogether
when he gave the b,,', placing th inn.r und.r
puni.hmentofdeath.Andye.he ordcred
thing,in . uch a wa)" that the puni.hm.nt
mign.ini .. elfs.rv.th'f:0alof .. h ion.For
d hb.ing.abou".para.;onfrom.hislif.
.ndbringsevilwork<.oanend.ltS.t$u.f ...
f.om labor , sw and pain. and cnd. the . uf-
fcringofthc bodr.Thu. the Judg. mix hi.
lov.fo.uswithpuni,hmcnt.ONTHBINC""
NATtON OF THI loRD 6., ."
Gon DOHS NOT l .. poSB O ... T H 0" An ....
.. "n EVE. A .. uou: Still anothcr problem
ari .... From wh ourctdiddca,h tOm. TO
Adam! Was it from ,he nature ofa trec of
thi o" ora"ually f,om God,' Ifwc aacribc
thi . tothcnatureofthe tr .. ,th.nthefrui.of
thi . " ..... rn, to b uperio.o.h. "h'if)"lng
pow",ofth:bre .. hofGod."n:ci .. f,ui.
would iJave drown in.o cicath. ,oil. him on
whom the d,vine breath had b."owed lif . l f
wem.inuinth.:Gocii , the re.ponsibl,
cauleofd.ath,th.n we can be beld.oaccuse
him of incon.iSlen')'. Wc SUrn'O ,le"". him
ofbcing 00 d"void ofbencficcncc as to be
unwil1ing to pardon when he had the power
to do 0<, or ofb.ing power!u. ifhe wu
unabl. to forgi "e. Lc. us . th.rcfor . how
thil 'lu.st ion can be rcsolved. Thc.olu.ion,
unle .. lammistaken,liesinthefa"rhat
$inc.di.ob.di.nc . .... asth.cau ofdcath.
for.hat v.ry r.Uon no. God bu. man him
.elfwu ,h.'gen' ofhi,own death. If,fo,
cxarnpl.,.physicianwero,op cribe.o.
p.ticnt what h. thought Ihould b. avoided,
.ndifthepa.i.n.felt.ha.theuprohibitions
w",eunn<cu.a'j",th.phYlieian i. not
.espon.ibl.for thcpati.nt'.de.th.Surclrin
th.,c eth.pa.ienti.guiltyofcausinghi$
o .... ndea.h. Hen .. God as. good phyoici.n
forbade Adam to ea. wh would beinjuriou$
to him. P .. RAO ... ?JS. "
HUM .. N FUSH DOBS NOT P u"s" Co ..
inoe.di.con.id
eredb)"th.uncducated.ndbyunbeli.v .... o
p.ti.h .ocompl.telyaf rd .... ,h,ha.no.hing
wha ".rofiu .ub"anceis left. W.,how.v ...
who believe in its re.urr.ction. kno",that
death onl)"Clu .... <hange in i. and that i ..
oub .. an .. ccttainlyp."i.t>andi,reotored.o
life again at a d.finite time by th. w;ll ofits
Crutor and on .. mor.undergoe. a ttan.for
muion.\Vh .. ",asa.firstflesh, f,omth
earth,.m.nofdust;' and",a.thendissol".d
tnroughdea.handagainm.dedu ... nd
.. he.-for"dustyou.r.;i.i . written,".nd
un.odu".hallyoureturn"_i,rai dag.in
from .h. utth. Afterward., as the merit> of
.i>:indwellingooullhalld.man.:, th.perlOn
t
,
I
.dv.ncurotbcgloryof.api.iru.lbody." Ot<
F,UTP"'t<CIPLIIJ.6.S
U
CH .... T R UU ..... CT' TH .. T WHI CH H .. "
GON. INTODu' T.O"GIH:Scriprunl.YO.
Aconlec.u.dlincn.llnic w il!bepu,on: "
Think of flax tbrCold , ... , comu from ,"e
....... lm.gin.' ... " ... nu ... rcadbc.::omel.
u nc,ifiedlin.n'unic'h .. C .. risr ....... II.
highpri .... pu .. on w .. enh ... k .. llp.h.
n llr. o.n .. rt"ly body. Remember.""""
... Ki.boul.h.bocIy.hal"", ... rth.nd" ... m
go In'o.he .... h:Thcreo ... myLo.d.nd
S.v;ot.wanring.or.'urrc.::"h ..... hi ' .. had
goncin,or".carth.took.nearthlrbodl', ... t
he might carryi,r.i d upfrom .... h 10
h.aven.Andlhc u .... ioninlhel .... th thc
higbpr;elli .cl"th.d"",ith.li ntntunir,,,n
uin.th,.mr .. ery.Bu h .. i,.ddcd"co .....
crarcdmu .. no,bch ... duIUpc.f1uolU.For
.h,".unic,h .. wu ,he f1uh or Ch.ill "u
con cr ... d:ror; ...... .. oteoncclv.df.om
.h.sccdormanbu.begc"tenorrh.H"ly
Sp;ri .. HO"'LIBSO"
3:2021 GOD CLOTHES ADAM AND EVE
WITH GARMENTS OF SKIN
rh. ull.J !,i. ",if" ..am. be.' bUA .. .b. rb. morhrr of l' And
rh. Loan God mild. for Ad"m And for hi. "'if, gArmenfl of ,kin,. ond clolhed rh.",.
OV'. V"W: Th.nh.o ,h. knowledg. ",i . h
whIch Ad.m "U .ndow.d by GocI . h. wlI

,hen.o Ev. (E .. u ..... ). Ev . . .. ho ,nlu.tcd
tr.n.grcu ion .... ucaJl.dLifcbcca" h.
wa.giv.nr ?On.ibiliryforthe.uccu.iono
,ho ",hoc.me.oblf,h (CU5HIi .. ,o,ALU
... ,." .... ). Th. .. of .kin
by Go<!. and no anImal ... u killed 11:
.h. p ... encc of Adam and pro
vid.,hemwi.hclo.h .. (EpHRIi .. ).Ad.man':
E".wu ....
..

T .... ). The .. gum en .. of ok,n an a .ymbol of
of
hi kinandofh"f illJwhichcamcfrom
.heeorrupt ionof,hefl h(O .. Hll".GIUGO"Y I
OF NuSA) .
A DAM
EPH ..... TIUS" .. ,A":
Wilhlhalmanifulknowledg.
which God gave ro Adam.
whcreby he gave nam ... o Eve
.nd,olh.,,, imol.,
Goddid ,,0, reveal ,h. di"'ovcriu
of'hing"ha,wercconccaled:
bu"n,hec ... e
of,ha,hidd.nknowledv-
from,hc oudownw d,
Adomw oblc.op .. n ...
.nquiry,n.oali
Ihll ll w"h,n.hi.univ .....
HYMI<SO" P" ..... ols',.. ' 6.'
EVI b C"LLIO 1,. ' 0$. CL''''I<T OF ALU .,;.
0 .. ''': Th. woman who ;n;!lII.d lran.gru.ion
w ... call.dUfe:bccalU he ...... ""pon.ibl.
fO.lh .... cc ... .... l>ocam obirrh
and "nn.d. Sh. Ih ... became mOlhcroflh.
righ .. o .... ndunrightco .... lik . Elchon.of
.... how. h,m.clf.obej ... torwillf .. ll)'r.n.
d. uhi m. elfdi.obedi.n<.ST." .. n.,sJ.6s.,'
3,21 God C'or'm ... . ".1
THs G ...... "Ti"FSI<, NC .... T.o . TG"o.
.... ST.' .. ", W ... th.H glrmen ..
from.h k,n, ofanimait!Orw.", ,be}' c",'
0,.<1 lik. ,h hi.d and.ho.n hat w.", cr.
lI.d.fle<lhcoth.r workiof,r."ionhod
buncompl<led'BecauHIt,, .... idlhat,he
-Lord made .. and do,h.d "'.m:" Heml
mOl.I;kel),lhatwhen.hcirhandlwcrcplaced
over ,he"lcave. ,hcy found Ih.mKlv ..
do,h.d In g"rmen .. of olun. 'Nhy would
be ..... hlvobccnkmed,n.h."pruencc!Pc,
hap.,h,.happt:n.<I",.h.,br,helnimlr.
f1un Adorn ond Ev. migh, no"".h .h."
boa,ulna.hatwi.n.h kin h.l'migh:
co".r . h."nlkcdn .... b .... lso.h .. by.h.
dUlh of ,h. animoh Adarn and Eve m'gh: H.
"'.deathof"'eirownbo<iiu.Co ...... 'TAn
O"GIMII ' S . )}.,. '
G ...... ,. T.O.S''' .. " s " PU,., . " ... MT Of
P .. IDI. [Adam and Eve) .... ho
w .... nrippedoflheirfifllgarrn.nl[oflnno
ccncc).a ... ryedbyth.irmoruh'Yllrmcnu
ofo.kin. For.h ... ue hooor of ",on 1 obc:,Ik
imag. and ,h. lil .. :nu. of God "'af If p""
ICrv.donly'" <el .,on <oh,mbywhomni,
imp.u .. d. H.ncc. h. cbng o Goa to m .. ch
,hemorc.",.lcn h.lovelwh., lfhllown.
BUllhroughlhcaelircofproy,nghil own
pow ... mln by hi. own will fall, down ,nlO
himaelfa.intoo.ortof [lubsmu) eenl ...
Sinc.h lh .. eforc ... ilh .... obclikcGod.
hence und.r noon hc" asa punuhrncn, h.
ilalaodtlve"frg"''''ecentcr.whichh.h,m
.. If;l.down;ntolh.depth . h ..... ln'o
tbo hing, wh in.hcb .. , .. d.hght. Thu,
,inc., h.lik.n ... ,oGodi, hi,honor.lh.
likcne ... ,o,he b.u"i,hi.di'gracc.O"THt
T.''''TTu.I!.,6.'
Til l G ...... ,.U OF 5" ..... S .... OLOF
MO .. TA. Ll TT. 0 .. ", ... : I. iI ... id ,ha, God
mad hol< m; .. rabl. gannenlJ ... "h wh,.h
",.fi",rnan", .. doth.danerh.haalln"ea.
'1'<>. Goa made .kin tun; .. and clothed Ad,m
an<lh; l w;f.:Th .. efore . holCwcrc.unicoof
oki n ukcnfromlnirnal,.Fo.w"hlucnll
"' .... i.w .. n.cc"'ryfo h 'nn oM
drUlOld.l, "'y".'wi'" .bn .... h"h ar. a
'ymbolof.hemo ... Jityrhath.r.cc,vcd
becauHofh .. a.lunlndofimfrailly.ha, m.
from.hecorrup"nnnflh.fleoh.Bul;fyou
hn. be.n.I ... dy ,, ... hed from Ih.le.nd
p .. rifi.<!.hrouI"M Ih. la,, of God. then Mo ...
... iUdrc youwichagarmcncofincorrupcibil-

,hal wh., i. motul may be owaUow.d up by
lif ..... Ho .. 'lIuo .. 1..VITICIls6.:.'.'
0"01011 .. NO 0 1 011. G".GORY of
Nnu: In me .. me .... y, when OUr n.ture
bccomulubject,o,h.di quilibrium.nd
... ion.,itcneoun
.. ",ho .. condi.ion h.'ncc .... rilyfollow
hclifcofthep:utiOIU.Butwhcn;.rc.u,n.
glln.omebl<cdncu oflnotdcrcdcmotivc
lifc, .... iIl nolongcrcncountermecon..,
'1u.ncc. ofcYil.Sinc.wh ... . dd.dlo
hum.n naturc from Ihcirr ional life wao no,
;nul bcforchumanilyfcUin.opau;on.wc
.haJl also lcavcbch",d all chc condi,;ono that
Ippc.talong w;,hp.u,on.lflm.nwcaring'
rlggtd runIc should bc denuded nfhilg.r-
mcnc, he would nn Inngtc' ... on h,m.clflhc
ug!i neunf wh., ,, ... diJcardcd. Likcwi. c
whcnwc hlvcpu,nff.h., dud and ugly gat
mentma,wl.nud.forul frorn;rratoonal
JkilU (when I hu, , k;n.!;nIC'prct;,ulhc
formofm ..... tionaln.tur.,hatw.hav.pll'
onfromour:utociationwi,hdi.orderedpu
. ion. j, w.,hrowoff ...,ryplno{our'rnno
n"lokinllongwimthc .. mo,alo{the
garm.n,.Th ..... c,h.disrupdonlofhar
monythll wc hav. 'civ.d from ",h. "r .. io
""1.kin": ,,.ull intu<ou"., conccptoon .
childbca .. ng. dltt , lacution, nou",hmcn .
.vlc,,"IOon. gra<iualgrowch,o mllur,,) he
primcoflife. oldlge.di.eu.andd ..
THBSOUL .. NIlTH. REsu .... cr ' o1"<.
,& -.'1c..Io4. 'FcUI20.'PG_'-6J;:NPNF:
-
3:22-24 ADAM AND EVE ARE EXILED
FROM THE GA RDE N OF EDEN
ll Tbtn Ibt Loan God illid. "Btbold, Ibt mlln' bQJ buomt liltt Ont of ul, .It.no ....
"nd and "0 .... ltJ l lot PUI fo rlb btJ Io"nd "nd faKt IIho of 110. Irer of lif . and ea: . II ni
Iwr f or HtT' - l.I lbtr.fOrt Ibe LoaD God le"1 him forl lo from IIoe garden of Edr n.' 10 lilI (in
gTo,,"d from ... he Wlli /"Ktn. lO[ H. drove 0111 lb. m"n, IInd al Ibe U II lb. gartier. 0,'
Eden h. placed)' lIoe cbtrllbim, IInd "jlilming J ... ord .... /lIr n. a every"''']. foguilrd I b:
... ilY IO rlo c/reroflift.
LD ....... !..XX ........... ux ... _ _ ...... _ _ Iooo_ ................ _ .. .....,
o, .. God h.
u ,I. H.i ..... bccom. lik.on. ofu . know'ng
.. ). Af .. r .n".inAdam

nave. but nc doc. no:lolC Ine kno"'led1f 0'-
goodthl: he Ilrcldr had (JOHNc..U' .. N,.
Ewen .hough .he .ree of which Ad.am and Eve
u.l<calLed-,he"ecof.heknowkdg.ofgood
Ind.vil: " gIVCI . hcmno knowLedg.(c...y.
,;osro .. ). God prevent. Adam from u.ing
again of,h. tr of life, in order.ha,h. mly
nol l1Ve fo.cvor (EPHU"), Adam il no.
uc!udedlga;nl1hil willbu,dl<mi .. edacco.d
Ing ro hI< wUJ (bH .... ). d ... wn down by ,h.
..... ,ghlofhllownliru.o.pl.ccrh .... ".cd
hIm {Al>Gu"., ... j . The cherubim. whom God
placulnp"rad,uulheSU"rdof.hctruof
life"cprcunuthc-fullncu ofknowl.dgc:
whilcthcturnlng. wo. d.ignillel .hc".emporal
puni,hm.n," (AUGuST, ... j . Th. chcrubim
bclongto.hchighcl1hiul.chicalo.dc.
(PsI UDOO'ONVS,ul). Chru,remov.:d.h.
.wordfrom Ih.en.ryrop.radtH (EPH ..... ).
The flame by which the ch.rub.m bloc:kcd the
cnlrym,op ld' ,luttngul<hedbyCh,il1
through the wa,e.of.hcha,h of . ebtrth
(Bllo. j.Ma"yrdomi.l way!opu"hrough
.hcchuubim and ,hcflaming.word.hat
guard.h.accc .. ,o . hc .... oflif. (O.",)II .. j .
Go" L .... ,.oo ... A" .... . .... THI Sy.
I .... : God lald,-Ikhold. Ad.m hu become
lihoncoful.knowinggnodlndcvil."Ev.n
.h<:>ughbyuying."H.hube,omelikeoM<:>f
u, : h"ymboli"Urevcal heTrin;ty,.he
po,n, 11 .a.her ,hat God WIJ moc:king Adorn
,n tha, Adam had p.cvlously bc.n ,old:rou
willb<comelik.God,knowtnggoodande
y
'l."
Nowc .. en.houghafrcrthey .... hcf,uII
Ad.m .nd Ey. came ,a ;"'a .. .h .... tWO
. b.for. th.)" ... the frui' ,he)" hid per.
",vcd ,n.ClIIt)' on1r g<><>d . nd '''er nUr,
abau,evilonlrbrnearu,..Af ... ,hr"'
howcv.r.lch.nsoc:curred.o.hllnaw,hey
wouIOonl) h.u.b<:>utgoodbr r.Clu .. r
10
whe.us in.wity.hcy wouLd tas,e only uil.
Forrheglorywi.hwhich.heyhadbcen
clo,hed pauitd Iway from them, .... hiLe plin
anddi.ulOthllhldbe. nk.pl ..... yfrom
them nOw Clme.o hold ' way Over Ihem.
Co ... , II><nu 0>< G.><1I5.S
A" .... Do .. NOT Lo H .. KN<:>WUO". OF
GOOO.JOH .. C.OSsl .... :Andh<:>w .... i1I.h.a,
... ,.m.n,of,hcl<>rd .... nd fr ... h.alnof
.h. fir" mln:"B.h<:>ld. Ad.am i become lik.
One ofu . knowlngg<><><l Ind evil!-For he
must no"O be tltough. '0 nave been.uch
befo.c.h. ain.h., he was wh<:>lLr'gnorant of
good. O.herwin." mtU."oc .dmiucd .h .. h.
,,"Ucrcatedlikcani.rationalandnnnleu
anim..J:andlhl''''1uite ai>urdlndf",clgn,a
.hc Carh<:>llC f.i.h. No .... hcr ... ccordlng.a th.
pronouncemen.of.hemo.twIKSoLomon,
-God made m.n righ,:' . ha, 1. ' 0 cnJoyc<:>n.
,inually,heknowlcdg.ofgood alon . Bu he),
.ough.m.ny,haugh".$orh.,. .. cr. m.d .
i,,,uuid,"kn<:>"lnggood.nde.il.-Afr.r,he
fall,rhercfo ,Adam conceived a knowl.dgc of
c.il , wh,ch hedld no. have. But h. did no. 10lC
.heknowkdgeofgood.whicbh.d,dh c.
Co ........
TH .. DBV1LLI>l51 .. P.<:> .. " . .... TH ..
T ..... G.vu K"<:>WL. DCB. CHkTSOSTO .. : It
i. now necClury'o uy wh,.. even though man
didno,.cce ethcknowl.dg.f.om,herrc . "
ilc.Ucd-.herre h"giv .. ,h.knowlcdZof
goodandc .. i!r fo.i.i, no:atr;n.tolcarn
wh), .. ,,..huluchan.mc.lnfac.thedcvil
uid."On.h.d.)"whenrou .... of,he fru"af
.h .. " . v<:>u,eyc, will be opcncQ Ind you will
bclikegod . knawinggood.ndevil."' H",,
can you mainuin, you uk me, that it did not
provide him with the knowledge of good and
evillWho.aid,in fact ,thOl irprovidedhim
withthi.knowledgeiThedevH,youwill
n,wer.Sodoyoupu,for,,.rd.he .u.imony
of the enemy.nd the con'pirarot' The d.vil
.. id,"You wi!1begod.:Did.hcyrully
bccomegodsiTherefore.since . heydidn<><
bccome gods. they did no. tocoivethe knowl.
edge ofgood.nd evil.i.htr. For.hc devil isa
harandneverspuk hetru.h.lnf'CI.he
GOlpcl say . "He never "'y' in.h ... u.h:'
HO"'L'ESON GENESIS 7.'
GOD P IlIIVIINTS Ao .... P IlO .. E"T' '''''OF
THE TIlIIII OF L' PE.EpHU" THBSYIl''''<' If
Ad.mh.dtuhly.a.enfromthetrceof
knowledge he w.s commanded nor.out.ho,,
much f.oter would he ha .. en to thettee oflif.
.bou, which h. had not becnso command.dl
Bu,i,wunowdecreed.hatthey . houldliv.
;n toil. in sweat. in pains and in pangs. Therc-
fore. le .. Adam and Evc . fterhavingutcn of
thi, .. ct. live forever and remain;n eternal
liv", of suffering, God forbade rhem.o eat.
aftcrthe),wercclothedwirha,urse. th.,
wh;chhehadbcenprep.redtogive.h.m
... forethejin,urred ,h.cu .... ndwh.n.he)'
we .... illclothdwi.hglorrCo .. MEt<T .. Il,
Ot<GB ... U,S:J5.'"
3:23 God Ad"", Evefrom tb.
G"rden
GOD B ..... ,S .. IIDAD .... "IlOMTHBG" 'DIt<_
EPHREMTHESVRlAt<:
When Adam ,'nned
God CUt him forth from paradise.
but in hi. graoo he gramed him
,he Iow ground beyond i:
.<tthnghiminthe ... ller
JO
belowrhefoo<hill.ofpat.dise;
bu,whenm.nkindeventhereconrinued
they w .. e bloned OUt .
andbecau"" they were unwo"hj
to bt neighbors of par ad i .
God commanded the ark
'0 CUt them ou, Moun. Q.rdu
HVM .. S ON P ...... O'SE ,.'0.'
A D .... bDIs .. ' .. 5BDFRO .. PARAD'U.
AUGUST'''t,"Andlhen.le"Adamstrctch
forth his h.nd fO ,he trct oflife.nd live for-
ever. God dismined him from paud;se: It is
.. ed:andnot"heex_
cluded:so tha,h. migh eem.o be drawn
down by the ",eight ofhi. OWn 5in. to a place
th., ,ui .. him. A bad man generallr uptri_
enc .. ,hi. when he begins fO livc among good
men.ifh.isunwilling.ochange for theb., -

men by th. weight of hi' bad h.b,: . nd ,hey
do no, exclude him ag.in .. hi. will but di.-
mits him in accord.n with his wilL Two
BOOKS ON GtHtS'S AGAINST T H E M .. N
3:24 Tb. Cb. rubim .. "d" Fla",;,,: Sword
T HE .. NI> THE S WORD. AUGUS_
T, .. e: "Godpl.cedcnerubimand.flaming
Iword that mov .. "-thi. could b aid inthe
oneword",,,,,.bl.-",oguatdtncwarto.h.
, ... of lif.: Thol. who tr.n.latc ,h. Heb .. ",
word. in Scr;p,ur<uy tha, "cherubim" m n.
in Lar;n ",he full nu. ofknowl.dg.: Th. f).m-
lng.mo,able.wordm.an. temporalpunisb_
men ... becausc.im<smoveinth." : on,,nua.
'JnbM. 'PG;.oO;'O.'K91:1!:. 'HOPI)
uri.r).lriscall.dflamingb.caus ver l ib.
ulationbUTnssomehoworolh.r.Buriti , one
thing to be bu,ned un,il ron.um.d.anoth.rto
b. bu,ned until purifi.d. Two SOOKS ON
GBNUtsAG .. tNSTTfuMuIICH .. It .. NS

TH" POSITION THE CHIIIlU"'M IN TH"
PuuOODtONY
S' U" The name mean. "fullnc .. of
kn"wlcdg." or' "utpouring of wisdom: Thi'
fint of the hi .rarchi (indudingu,aphim
and chcrubim} is hiera"hically ",dered by
'ruly supcrio,bcings. for this hicra"hypo,'
...... lh. hi gh.st",d.r.sGod.imm.d;a ..
ncighbor.b. ingground.ddir.,tly around
God and rccciving Ih. primal Ih.ophani.sand
p"rfeCtions.Henc< thedurriptioni.carri.r
Ofwarmlh" for,h.se<aphim.and.h it!ei.
ou,polIringof"'isdom"forlh.ch.rubim
Th ... n. m .. indic .... hd, .similarity.o what
Godi .... Th. n.m.,hr,.,.&,"'.ignifi ... h.
powe<lo kno ... and,o ... God . orcc.iv.'h.
gr.al.stgifu"fhi.lighl. ,ocont<mplatc.hc
divin.,pl. ndori npr imor<i ialpow.r,.ob.c
fillcdwith,hcgif"lha.b,ingwi.d"mand.o
.h.rc.hcscg.nCTouslywi,h.ubordin ... ,ua
part of'hc b.n<ficcn,outpolIring"fwisdom.

CHR.ST HAS R" MOVBD TH"
SWORD. EPHRB'" Bl .... di.h.
who "'as pie".d and so rcm"v.d ,he sword
fromrh.enrrr,oparadis . ......
2.,. "
C" "'ST H.<$ ErT',,"<)V'SHIID lTSFL ....
BaDE: .",,,,d A<i.rn .. Chri ... poin"
ou"ha. throlIgh ,hc ",atcr of ,he b",h of
rebirth, fliduing flamr -by which .h.
cherubim guardian blochd the enlrr intopa,'
Idi.c wh.n ,h. firs, Adam wa xpeUed-

outwi.hhi.wif . havingbc.nconqlIeredby
hi n.m) . h.rc rh.orhet might rcturn with
hi polIJI1amcly h.chur<hof,h .... ints ),
uaconqlIeroroverhi n. mrHo""UISON

MAaTTIlDoMA5A WuTHJl OV<)KTHI
CKBa".'M AND THIISWOllO. OR'<)EN
ThroughOlIt martyrdomJuus is wi.h rou 10
.howyouth. ","y. othcpa,adi ofGodand
how you may p ... throughth. cherubim and
th. fl aming.word.ha, tu,ns.vcr) w.y and
guard,th. war 10 th. tree of life. For both.
evenif ,hcrguard th.warl opaulhrough",
.he.,eeoflif . gua.ditJO,ha,nooneunwo.
'hr mar lurn ,hat way I" pas. th.olIgh toth.
,rc."flife. Th. flaming sw"rd will h"ld fasl
Iho ,.,h"havebuilllIponthefoundotion
rha,i. laid.Je.u.Chrin. withwood.haror
. tta .... mar call;,
th , which cI"hufirc very euilr and burn,
all .he more. BUllh.chcrubimwillrcceive
Iho.e whobr naturc u nno,b.hcldbr ,h.
fl.ming.word.becalIle ther hlv.bui!t with
no.hinglhat cancarchfir . Th.ywiUescot!
,hcm.o.hetrecof lift.: and.o all.hetre God
plan,.d in ,h. us. a"d made.ogro,, ou, of
.h.ground.ExHoo.TATtO,,"TOM ... Tyo.OOM
)6. "
"FCS.,llI "PSV'6' -61' . uHOPU. ' HQGh"6.11
"OOW6;"'-
4:}7 CAIN AND ABEL BRI N G
OFFERINGS TO T HE LORD
' Now Ad"m knew Eve his wife, and ,he (onrtived and bor< C"i". '''yi''g.' h"ve gOlw,!
ma" with Ih. help of the Lon>. 'A"d "g"i". ,h. Itore his brorher Ab.1. NOli' Altt! was"
h epe. of ,hup. "nd Cain " tiller of Ihe ground. " n Ihe (ourse of rim. Cain brought 10 Ih.
LORD a" offering of the fruit of the ground, .,nd Abd of rh. jirsrli"gs of his flock
""d of their fa, portions. A"d the LORD h"d regard for Abd "lid his offering, ' but for C"i"
""d his offering h. h"d no regard. So Cai" was very ""gry, ""d his COIlIlItIl"n" fdL ' The
said ID Cai". 'My are yOIl a"gry. a"d why has yowr counun"na fall e,,! ' If JOII do
wdl, wil! JOII liar b. ""'pud! And if JOII do 1101 do wrll. ,in is couching at tb. door; ifS
d.,jrrisfaryall. mll,rmaSferir. "
Chrysoslom Iha<
Ih.r.wuno<alkinScrip,ureofcoim.unfil
af'er ,h. bani.hmen, from p .. adi . Augu.
,in. argu in principlr for sufficicn, g,acr for
honorable nuptial union c".n in pa",dise ( .,.
G.n 1:28). Th. bil'th of Cam is . consequ.nce
ofAdam',fall, which I.d him 1o la his spiri
tual wisdom and ' 0 a worldl)' knowl
edge (SVMBO>< THE NEW THEOLO<aA,. j. The
name Cain munsown.rship." Abd. the sec
ond chi ld.sened as ,he fi", symbol of,h
C;,),ofGodofthos.deSfined
penecurio" s onurrh (AIJGIJST'NEj.
SaCTificeis anancien,cu",om,ha,dates
from 'he agr cfAdam.but God does no, n d
.. crific .. (AuGIJSTINBj. Abel .. .. disc.rning
in hi. choic< ofofforing . wher.u Cain
showed no such dilcernment ( EPHUMj. God
doesno,con. iderCain. offeTing.l>ecauseh.
kno"'s ilia: ni , heu:" wick.d
Cain'. COUnl.nanCe r.l1 when hi. offering " ...
r.j ,.d.nd hi s broth.r'. ,.. acc.pt.d (CHR"
SOSToMj. The first sin of C.in i nvy fo, nlJ;
brother Abel. Cain God',
,odobetterwilhanewoffering (CHIU''-OS'
TOM. EPH""M).
4,1 2 Tbt Birth. ofC"in "nd A&d
AOAM K .. .. E .. CHUSOSTO"': After hIS
di. obediencr. af'er loss of Ihe garden.
,h.n .. e
hadiub'ginning.You .e . bdor.,heird ...
obedience ,he)' followed 0 life likr ,h.t of
angel . and th. "' "0'
coUrs . HOMIL1I!SONGENU'S . 8 . : :
le
CA'N \ V .... CoNC."." BIJC .. us lI AOA'"
T"""'BD HIS Lov. '1"0 V[SI.I. .
SYMEOO< NI'" T HloWC1AN: Since Ado",
had been blind.d in rh. efes ofh" ,oul and
had fallen fTom thr lif. imperi.habk he b.gar.
. H':u,n.<!, h.
yi,;onofbi ,cye. on .. isibloobj.c .. with.ffcc.
'IOn.,cdeain.nd"knewE ... hi. wifc. and.h.
concclvcdandbo.cC.in."Suehknowlcdri,
in ruli.yignor.n<eofallgoodn .... for had h.
nOt fit$' fallen from th. knowlcdg.and con
,.mpla,ion of God h. would no,h .... bc.n
brought down.o.hi.knowlcdgc. 0'5'
(OUUU ' S.':
M ..... "NG N ..... C .. , "'. AUGUfn ... :
No.ctha"hcn.m.c..inmuRI"own ... hip:
wh,chnpl.u'lwh""asnid.,,he,im.of
h"btrlh brhi , f .. h.rormo,hcr:1 ha ... come
,n.oposs.slionofamanth.oug:hGod:C'TY
O.GOD'p;. '
AnL Sn ouzu Tlt E CITY OF GOD.
AUGUST'NE' Cai n was followcd br Abel. who
"U kill.d by hi,bro,h nd Hr .. cd as th.
r.m proph ... c Iymbol of the C"yofGod.H.
wulik nali.nonu.th,4 .. incdto,uffc.
.. ccudon' at ,hch.nd.ofth.wickcd
",cnwhocanp.ope.lybccaUednattv of
urth ,h.y ,hLS world u th ...
.h,wo.ldly
f.hci:y<>fthe ..
GOD 01,111 NOT NUl> S .. u . ,,;u.
TIS": [The p.gan< la)', "Th.Ch""ian,]cen
,.,re h .... ttml.
,nccnseand the r .. ,.wh,ch ... u,.d in tcm
pl.worship,r.tth ...... e .. nmonicsof,ac
.ificc werco"ll,natcdby.h.mHj"",o.by
'''cgodri,.)'"",roh,p.,np"mLttvc"m ...
wnen8od,,a,a .. umcd.c necdthciroR' ..
,ng' of first fr u, .. :Thi'<jU"l,ion i,evidcnrlr
d.C1".<!f.om,ha'p ....
Ina, ,dl, of Ca,n 10 God

ling.ofhilfloclu. Weans....,rthu,hecon.
cI.";on'obcduwnfromi'i',h ..... crifini,
a .. eryancientcunom,bceaulCourtrucand
ne,.dBook, wa,nu" h .. iti'RO ... ,bc
offered ncept,olheonctrueGod.Bul God
doel Ro,needncrificu.ui. mOltdearly
in .h. ume ... cr.d BookA,"[ u id
.o.h.lo.d,.houartmyGod.{o"houhan
non dofmygood.:' becauu,naccep"ng
or rdluingo.rcc.iy,ng.hcm ho .. lool .. ng
only to man'. good. God dou no. ci<t,vc.ny
bencfi. from our worohip. but wc do. lIT'
TlU'02.,.'
AnLCHoOUI Hu Of'III, NO' WITH
C ..... E.H .. MTH.SYI .. AN'Abtl,, ver)
di"crninginhi, choic.ofoff."nll,wherca,
C.in,ho ... dnoluchdi .. c.nmcn . Abcl
and off.nd .h. cho,,,,, .. ofbisnn.
bo,n.ndofhi , f.,on . whil.C.in.i,h. ,
off.,.dyounggr.in.o.c .... 'nfrui .. ,ha' ...
founda,th.",me.im.uth.yo"ngll,nl.
E .. cnifhLSoffc.ingh.dbten.mallerlhan.hat
ofhtsbro,her.i,wo.,ldhavcbccn acccpt
abl .... heofferingofhi.bro,he . h.dh.not
b.o .. gh'i'wi.h,uchcar.I ... n .... Tb.)mad
hcir offering, ahernatclr' on. offered a l.",b
ofhi,fl",k,.h.o.hcr,hcfrutt,of .h.carth.

fo.,hcr.ro,off."ng.harh.off cd.God
.d" ... dtoaccepltt,nordc OIUchC.>nho.'
hc .. .. tom.k noff.ring. CO .... I"'T ..
GaNlSlS
GOD KHows TH .. T C ... N', H .... T is
W. c; ".o. O"'GI",:ln.he,a .. ofCarnh"
'st."TD"}' 'fC,.,.U. "FC,_-. "',U'FC
lU,. .... 'F(:'l:l14
"
i
1
1
1
1
w;ckcdnu,didnotb,ginwbcn"ckillcdhi,
brothcr.ForcycnbcforethatGod,whoknow,
thc"un,hadno rcgard for Cain and hi.uc-
.ifkc. Bu,hi.bucnu. was made cvidcn,
w"cn"ckilledAbcI.ONP""Tuallola.'
C .... ,& COU'!1 ... A .. CI FaLL.C ... .. nO$To .. ,
n Wc" ,wo uon. for hi nnoyance:
nO'J\lJ hat".,alonehadbccn,.j.c dbu,
al"".ha,h"b.-o,hu'gifthadbccnacc'p,cd.
HO."UuoNGH .... ".a.lI.'
C .. . .. .ANGBI..E.H ..... T .. . SV .. ' ..... :Ca'n
,,uang' rbcca\lJc,h.offumgofhi,bro.hc,
had bun accep .. d. Ca,n becamc.ngry on
accoun,of,he r.rc ,ha, had com. down and
dildnzu"hcdbcrwccn rheoffe.ingl.H" fau
bccamcgloomybccauKlhcrcwul.ughlcrin
.hceyc,of hupa .. n .. and hill, .. crswh.n hi.
off .. ing ...... '.j.ct.d.n.y had oc.n that
C.in.offcnnghadb-ttplaccd ,n.hcmido.or
th.r.rc,ndy.tth.r. .. didnot.ouch".COM'
.. iNT .... TONG ... UIS).}.) ...
if You Do WILL, W, u You NOT BI
Acc .,TaolCHUSOSTO":God "".hel10
def .. sc.hc .... ildfr.n%yandrcmov.thc.ngcr
brmun.ofhi.word . Yo ......... ob ... v.d
tb.uagc.ofC.in hinkingand,co.lludth.
""ag.ryofb"dcadlymten"on;",,h.,n.cnd.
a hil urly .. ag olcdatchi hinkingand
br;ngrepo.c,oh"mJRdbypl.cmg hi.
bro.h.,.ubJeClloh,mandno ... nd .. m,n,ng
h" ... ,ho",).Bu,.v.nd.'p" uchg,ca,con
ccrnand ... chpo,cn.rcm.di . Caingaincd
no.hingf. omth.""'pcr'.ncc,S ... h ...... ,h.
dcg ... ofdiffc,c"uin.h",arritud and.h.
ucu. of cvil ,nlcn . HOM'L1U 0" G ... u,s
,8.1 . "
C .. I .. Ruu.u TO M .. " ... BIITTU, 0 -
,"G. EPH"." T .... SV .. l .... 'Godnid.oCain.
Whyu.yo ... ngry.andwh),i.yourfa

youought.obcfiUedwithdmrc ... ln .. udo{
yo .. rfoceb.inllgloomy, lrl ough,.ob.
no,""ngfromyoureyc . lfyoudowcll.I ... ;U
acccp.".No.lCc.hcntha''' ....... no,bc .... ...
ofthc.mallllz.ofCainloff .. ingth " ... ..
TCj .... d.ltwaono,aeptedbccauseofh"
.p".r .. lnc ... ndh"lackoflloodwilJ.lfyou
dowcll,I .... iIlacc.p.i':.vcn,houghld,dno:
""CP' "bcfo,< ndi.wil1b<ac,"p.cd.long
with the cho " off.,;ngofyo", b.oth.r.ven
.ho .. ghi'wuno.acp,cdbcfo ... Butifyou
dono,dowcll . in'"o","inga.,hcr. .. ,
doo.:Abel will I .. ,en '0 yo ... hrough hi,ob.
dicn ... foth .... iIlgowi.hyou.o,h.plaln."
Th ... you will bc rulcd ""c' by "n hllis.
you .h.llbccomplet.lrfi tl.dwilhu . But
in .. udofdo,ngwellloth hcoffcringtha.
h.dbcenre,c"cdmigh,bccr.dircd.oCainu
acc.p .. ble,h h.nmadclnoffenngofmu .
derlo.h.tOn<lo ... homhc h.dalrcldr m de
anofferingofn.glig.nc . Co ..... Et<T .. noN
GI!.NUIS; .. ,.).'
4:815 CAIN KILLS HIS BROTHER ABEL
' Cain said 10 Abd "is hOI".T, "L.I us go OUI 10 I"C field .... And whcn Ihcy wtn in rh.
fidd. Cain 'e>S< up ag4illll his b,Olhtr Abe!. 411.1 killed him. ' Then Iht LORD said 10 Cain,
"Mrrt i, Abtfyou. b,olbt.?" H. 14id,"1 do nOI kne>w: am I my b,orbt, 's kupt.?"
tbt LORD IlIid, "M41 you don.? Tht elf you. b.Ofh.r's blood il cTying 10 mt
from Iht g.ownd. "Alld nOli' you aTt cu.sedfrom Iht g.ound, which has opentd ilS moul h to
,tcri"tyoll.b,orb.r', bloodf'e>m yu.h4nd. Il Menyollli/llht.tTOWlld, illhaU nolollgt.
yiddloyou ilJslTtnglh:yow l"e>Ubt IIfugitiv. and 11 w4ndtrt. On l"tta,lh.""C4in laid 10
Ih. LORD, "My puni,hmtn, is gfta, than 1 (an btaf. "Btbold. thou hllll dri"tn mt Ihil
day away from th. g,ound: and f Tom ,hy fact I shall be hiddtn: and I Ib,,1I b. and
4 wllnd"., 011 I"t .1I.,h, II nd W"Ot"., finds mt wiU sl4y mt." UThtn ,,,. LORD s"id fO b'm,
"Nor so!' If ""J Ollt IIAJS C"in, ,",,11 ht ,,,Iltll 011 h,m And Ih. LoRD
pUla C4in .lt$! Ilny who CUlt upon "im Ihould kill him.
OV .... VIBWI C"n buorn., ., by hi.
o .... n.vil wil! (Sn o .. 'H. NEW TH.OLOO, .... ).
Th. mludo"" of Abtl un bt undo, .. ood as a
prmgu.ingof.h.pau,on orJu", (s....).
God '1ue"")II, C.in wilh
.olici,ude rolha, rcp-ent,buICain
.how. no rcp-en,anu (EPHIlDI ). Imaginu
,ha, ht mal h .. f .... m God
PUSBTTU.). inn""en,
blood'pill.d by Cain CTle'Ou' nO' br word.
bu,bri ..
Thll blood.!.o 'ymboli1u the
blood of .he manr" (O-.JGIl>I). The puni.h
men. impaled on Cain rc.ull God, g.eat
fo,buun (CHII.TSOSTO") and fOl the
mll.d .... JUUfA.LDI). Coin recelVu
a mar!.: .o .hot no on. mlgh. kill h,m. Thllll
0 Indica, e.ho,.,ili.no,delt,oye<l f,om In.
urth. Cain. who .nd ..
Jna"e ..
'Od .. .0.nre' (A .... ou).
C.in, like "'open . i. from
.. ).
4:8C.iIlKiluAbtl
WlLL.ST .. EO .. THRN .... THIO

Wu" no. by hlleyil willl H. prrre"ed h,m
.elf 10 hi. Cru.o. and afr .. nil
.hough"and ,obocam,.b.ndone<l,o env)'
ondcommit.edmurd ... DlscOUISS4.'. '
Ho .. 'HO K,LLING A .. P .. u IGu.n
THI PUSlON 0' CHIUST. BIOI:
Ihe Cain u
offai.h .... ekilhngofAbtluthcpauloOnofthe
Lo,d and $.av,o,.and"'. ur.h Iha, "P"ned "
mou.h and Aber. blood from C,in,
hand u .he church (which receiv.d. in ,ht
mystery of ill renewal, ,h. blood ofCh.u,
poure<!ou.by,be.lc_). Undoub,.d1y,hox
whohavtthllundtn.andinsfi ndwne.rurned
in. owint,fo"h'yhav.a mo .. uc .. dundcr
.. andingof.h ..... yingof,heucr.d Law. Ho ..

4:9- 10 AIo.I ', BI""d Criosfro," rh Gro .. "d
GOoG,vIIC .. , .. THI Pon' I TLlTT TO
RIPB .. T. E,.HI.I .. TH,Sy ...... ,Godappea .. d
.0 Cain wi,h kindn .... 00 ,ha,ifh. r.p.n .. d.
h in o{mu.d" Ih., hi . I'l ng ... had commi,
,.dmigh,bedTadby,hecompunctionon
hll Lip . lfhcdid not pcn',h ....... vct h ..,
wouLdbcd"..,.donh,mabi"trpuni.hmtn,
In proponionmhi.eviL foUr,CO",,,,, .. TAU
ONGINU,,}.6.,.'
C .. , NR ".II TO R . .... Y.E.HI.I .. YH.
SU.'41'"Bu.C.inwuI'lU.dwi,hwra,h
instead of compuncllon. To him who know.
all.whoukcdhimai>ou,hi.b.othct , no.d.,
. owlnh,mhack.ulntuo .. cdangrilrand
uid."l do nOl know. am I myb.oth ....
kc.pc.! ... VJhu.h.n would you"y. Cain'
ShouldJumcetak. v.ngun fo. ,h. bLood
.ba.crl.do".toitfO.no.!Didi.no,ddayoo
tha'youmigh.rcpcn.!DidJlIl.iccnotd,,
,anccillelffromiuownknowl.dg nduk
yo" ... ifitdidno.kno..Joth"youmlgh,
confoul\Vha ....... id 10 you did no. plca ..
YOu"oyoll came", Ih 'in 10 which it had
wamed yOIl bcfo.,hand nOt tocome.Co .. -
"BNT .. uON GINlSIS).6,':).7.1.'
C .. , .. THI .. '" H. M .. T CO" ... H .. C ..... , .
SAL"'''''' YHI PRunflR: Cain wu al oner
Th.mo""lCkcdandfoolllhof m.nlnb.liev.
Inj:(ha:fo.commi",nj;,hcg.u.eJ.of,rome.
;twouldb-c . ufficientifh. avoid.do.h ..
human wilnouto. ln f ... God was .h. pit .
mary wi.n"".o hIS f .... ri(ide. Be(au .. of Th ...
l.hink heThenlha.ed.beop,nionhcldby
m.ny.od.): .h.,God p.y' no .... nllon.o
canhly .ffair., nei,hdo<:, h. &c
by wicked men. Th ... is no doubt ,hat CaIn
..,h.nsllmmoncdhyth.wo.dofGodaf,.,h ..
mi . d"d,.nsweTed.ha.h.kn,,,nothingo(
hi.b,otheT.murdcr. Hebel ,u.dGod wu.o
,gnoran.ofwha.hadbcendone.h bo:
.hough hlt mOI.dudly(nme (ollldbccoy'
... dbya lt c.8u,,,.urn.dou.othorwi .. lhan
h hough,. WhM God cond.mn.d him, h
u:al,ud.ha, God .... hom h hough,had no,
lun hi. 'rome of mllTder. had ... n h.m. Go",
... N""'CI Of GOII ,.6. '
I", .. OC . .. T BLOOD C., u OUT .T IT, V.u
E ... TRNC M .. x, .. us Of T"R'N: d,vIn.
Scrip.u",alway.critJou.and'pc.ko;h.n
Godalso.ay oC.in."Th.voic.ofytlu.
bro.hcr. blood (tie. 011' 10 m . " Blood. ,obc
'IITC.hasnovo .. e,hu',nnoc.n,blood.ha,hu
bc.n.pill.d ..... id,o cl"}ou'no,brwo.d.bu:
by;tlVCfrX;."ncc,lhmah.jd.mand, of
(h. Lord no, w;,hcloquen,dil-Cou ... bu, wi.h
angerowcr.h.cTlmecomml".d.ltdoc.no,
a",u .. . h. "'rongdoc,w"h word .... m"ch a.
bind him by Ih ccusat ion o(h,.own con
Ki.ncc. Th. evil deed may ,eem .0 b. nOll,ed
wh.ni'lSnplainedu,ar wl,hwords.8111' :
canno,bcncul.dif""madep", .. n:lo.ne
conKi.nce.Forln.ilenccandwLthou. con .. a.
di ctlon.ht ... rongdocr,conJ(ienc h.-.y'
convict. and Judge. him. SIl"'-ONS U . '
'HOC,:,)o.oc. 'FC',: , Zt. 'Fe,),)::- 'FeU'! .... 0\
-
THE A.IlL Sn'"OU:I; Il D T U II
BLOOD Of TUBMAIlTU;S. O M.Cil<:We.l.o
know .hat wha, 10.'" said of Abe!. when he wao
.L.inbyth.widt.dmu,d .... (ain. i ui .. bL.
for.nwhoo<:bLoodh .. b n.hcdwkkedL).
Let Il, . uppos ha. t h. ver .. "Thevoia of
yourbrothe"i bLo<>discrying.om.&om , nt
ground" i, .. idaswcllforuchofthema .. yrS.
,h. voice ofwno .. bLood cri ",God from
,h. g.ound. EXHORTATtON ToMART ..... DO ..
so.'
GOpSSOLl CITUDB f O .. C. ... "'.CHRYSOS
TO",: The punishm.nt "r which G"d .pokt
.e.m. '0 be ex .. iveLy harsh.bll,rightl)
und .. """di'gin. u gLimpseofhi.grcat
solici.ud . God wanted m.nof Later ,im .. '0
..,erd eLfcon<roL. Ther.fore,h. de,igned
.h. kind ofpuni.nment th was capable of
ettingCainf ef.omhi in.lfGodh.d
immediateL), d.stroyed him. Catn would h.v.
diuppead,hi in ... "uldhav .... y.dcon
c l.d.and he would h.ve m.ined unknown
to men oflater.im .. , But a. it i.,God le, him
liv. along.imtwi,hth.,bodilytremorofhi,.
Th'.igh,ofCain'. p.Jsiedlimb. ,, I ... on
for all he met. It.erved '0 ,uch all m.n and
exhott th.m never to d.re do wh .. hthad
done . o ,h ... hey might not ouffer theum.
puni,hmen" And Cain himselfbeume a bet
te.man.g.in. Hi,,,embling. hi. f .. ,. the
menul,o,men,.h., never left him,hi' phy, i.
c .. lpa,aly.i . k.p'him, a.it were h.ckled.
They kep,himf.oml pingagain,o.n)
o.hec lih deed of bold f"II)'. They con".ndr
remind.d hIm of hi . former Ctlme. Through
them he ach"v.dg,eat.t .. :lfcon,rol in hi .
50Ul. ACA''' $T jVD.'':I;,NG CH"'ST'A"S

10
G OD', S IlNTlNCIlIs L, GHT.Cnr.'LOfJU.IJS
ALE .. : Do you. who hav. but La,clycom.to
th.,u. chui wish ,o e ,he loving kindne ..
ofGodl WouLd you "'ant tob.:hold ,he Loving
kindn ... ofGodaodtheuten.ofhi. forbe ...
.oc.1 Li ... n to rh. "oryofICaioJ .... Cain.
the fi rJloorn man. becam frllricide. from
whose wicked d igoing. fi,", st.mm.d mll,
decandenvy.Y.,canlidcrni n,.nc.fo,
slaying hi. b,o. h.r."Groaning and trembling
.halL you be upon .he.a"h: Though the , in
was g.Ut . he senrence was ligh'. CATIlCHU

T" B MA ..... OP c. ... "'. Indeed. i,
w .. notwi,houtre .. on.hat.h.markw .... ,
upon C.in.that no one might kill him. Thll. it
wa. indicat.d ,hat evil i. no. d .... oyedot
removed from the e.r,h. C. in ,,.s . fnid rh ..
ne migh,be kiU.d. becau he did no, know
how to flee. Fo,evil i"ugmen,ed.nd
.m .... d by the practic. of ,,,il,and i,ui ...
wi.houtmod ... ,iono,limlt.fighu,hrough
guile.nd dec.i, and i. reve.led by its deed.s
.ndby,hebloodo(th.olain. evena. Cainabo
w .. re.,. ..
7J9 "
Ev .... S, " ..... 1s L' IU CAI N. A .. uou:
Like la .. e. C.in,.c<:iv.d. mark,"dhe
couldno, captd .. ,h.Thu.i.,h inn".
.Iav .. ,or .. t, lav.,od .. i ... . . l ogr .. d,
sl ... e", lust . l.ve '0 'in . sl .... '0 anger.
Though.uch.m .. napp .... tohim.eJ((r ...
h.is mo .. . . l.v.th.nifh.wtr."nd ..

'OSll' n 19, 'FCM.21l n, 'G.aHl I.XX. "FC6U OO
"FC26..'97
C .. , ... You
.ee . ince CaIn pcrpc<ra,ed praclicaUy me
umenilu,he'""'1"'n,.whichlLlr.canllU'ru.
men',""n'cd,hrduil".purpo.u.andu,he
'''pcn,inlfoducrdmo"ali.)"b)"meanlof
dccci . in lilr.e manner Cain deccived h ..
brorncr.ledhimo",in,oopcocoLln'ry.r>,.ed
hi. hand,narmed ....... "h.ga,n"himand
,,,m mined murd ... Hence, God . aid 1<> the
Je rpent . C".,ed you Myond.1I the wild
anImal. of the .anh:,., to Cain tOO whcn h.
cnmmltted the u.rn. evil u the "'1"'nl. Ho ..
IUUO ... G.NUIS'9 1I "
C"'N Co ...... u Too LATa. C HU50STOM
SomlOOncm.y ... )"."fkholdhehuconfuacd,
.ndconfcucdwlIhgrca'p.uion"_butaU
,0 no.n.il.dur!ybclov.d:,h. confeuion
(omu ,on I"". You ne. hc. ho"ldha .. e done
,hi , m. righ" ime when hewu in a po.i
,;on to find mc,'1' from ,heJ"dge.Ho.uulS
ONGINU' S'9j"
4:1622 CAIN AND HIS DESCENDANTS
IOTbrn C'Un ... r n' " ..... , fro m Ihr prucncr of Ih. LORD. "nd dwd, in Ih. ialld of Nod, "
ral/'ofEd.n.
"Cain "nr .. ' hil .... ifr. "nd lbt "nd 1>0ft Eno,h; .IId br b .. illl ClIJ' "nd {IIUtd
Ihf ndmf IIf Ih, {il] IIfln lb. nlmf of hi' Ion. Eno{h. "To EnOlh .... "1 /r.O::';' and I .. d'
wal Ihr fMhr. of Mr.huj".d.' "nd Mr .h .. j . d' Ih. fdlbtr of Mr lbulb,,eI ,' "nd
Mtlh.Ilhae/' Ih, flllhrr of Lamuh. " Alld Lamuh loolt 1 .... 0 wwtJ; Ih, nllm, of 11" ant Wil l
Adllh. "lid Ibt ""mt of Ih, Olhtr Zillah. " :Ill Aaah 1>0 .. }abll!;" h, ..... , Ibt fllher of 11,0"
who dwrU III trnll ,,"d ("ll ir. ll Hil brolher ', "amr WIl } .. bl/; ht WI I Ihr farbtr of Ill!
IbOl( .... pllly IJ" and pip" " JJZi!I"h" boTt TubAI'{";n; H ht was Iht fo,g .. of .11
,nHrUm,nll ofl>rlllu.nd iron. Tbt lilt" <>fTwblll,clli"u 11111 1
OV ... VI.W' Cain .he presence of Gni .... Ile<! Nod. ",hlCh mun. .. and."nf
bccaLl" ofh .. (Ant ..... "" ... ,). He (E .... IlEJOoI ) Ot'Q,u"rhancc' (c... .. E".,. 0'
A ... OIl'A).
ICCO that ,he)" woula no, ,n,erma.,y ... IIh ;um l: i. no, pouible.o uc.roarn .n .. C.".
(E ...... uo). Tnepla< .... it h.g.,. naaweli; .f .. ,mo\<,nf,oimnc .. , aw.lI ,nfp!a<e.,tn.
HI:
ot .. Enochu hi.fimlon(AucU!TINI).C.in
. inn.hc
rr"c dry ofth ... inu; if ,n huvcn (A\>Gus,
T'NI ).C.inourvivel through.eveng.n.ra
tion.ofducondants(E,ou\a .. ). Thy prc
Kn.thecarlhlyc;rych.litp,oplgu.d
through phyoic.l binh. {Aucusm<l). After

C. .. I<L .. v .. S.c .. u .. o" H,sC., .. . .
ATH .. NASlUs;Br mu n,of righ, cou, n . .. w.
come;nloGod.pr .... ncc.u Mo ld,dwh.n
h. Ih hick doud wh.,o God Wal. '
On.h.othc.hlnd.hYlhcptlCliccofcvila
pe .. .. nc.of theLo.d.Fo.
... mpl Clin. wh.n hekiU.d hi . broth left
.h.Lord'pr ... nccufarl.hiJ",illwucon
ccrncd.FISTAlLETTIUI.'
CA'''' ALlO L . .. vu K" . EPH UM
SUI .. I<:Afl.rC.,nrccciv.dthepuni,hmen,
Indthellgnh.dbc.nldd.d.oi .. . M .....
.. id.h.tc..'nwcn'awayfrom.h.pru.n ..
of ,he Lord I nddwdt in.h.landofNod.cut
ofEden:Clln.thc .. foro."'par ... dhim",lf
fromhupa .. nu;.n.dh"k,nbcuu.uh" ......
,hat ,h"yWDuld no,int.rmarry with h,m
COMMI"TAUONGZNHS,5p,., .'
Tn" N ..... Noo MLo.N. -"'''''';OU. ' NG.-
Nu .. NOD. CLI.UNT O. AUI4I<DIU .. ; Th.
ScriplU'" make. good ",nu:C.in kft God'l
p .... Dccand Went 'oliv. in th.l.nd of Nod.
oppo,ite Eden: Nod munA"dilfurbancc:

which .hctnn'gr ....,rwlSupcll.dcon"n.d
in faith. Tho wi .. 11\
th.irown.ya ...... h.ppr'o ".n.fer lo.h.
di .. .,rb.n< of a.ou;ng a.Th.ydrop from
Ih.knowlcdgcof.h.On. who kn"",. no
b,nh.o ,he ofbinh ud dum. The"
op,nion,ar.con".nd),hanglng.STao
.... TH ..
A,.,. .. c...' ... TH.F ....
E.HUMTH"Sn ....... ;
Thue the
Oflh.lwobroth ... h.d"patld:
Cain WCDt off by hi""elf
and Jived ,n the l.nd of Nod.
aplacclow.rnill
,hanthltofSelh andEnoAh;
but who hyedon hIgher groun.d.
.,howcrecalled

ltftl heirownregion .ndcamedown
,0 \.h",ive.
from,h.daugh .... ofC.ondownbclo ....
Hr .. "so><P ....... D'Sfi'.Il.

E.H.U' THK Sy., ... " land of Nod i. so h ENOC;N C."N, F'.IT SON! AUGUST'N!;
because i, ....... Iheland in which Cain ConJidcr nO'" the 'ut,And C.i n ... hil
..... ". in fur and .. embling. But ,h. and the conceived nd brought forth
land also second 01'0' when God Enoch; and he built. d.y and call.d .h. name
uid."Wh.n rou till the earth It Ih.lI nO the name ofh" ,on Enoch: It do ..
10ngerr,eld {oyocn.orrenj!tr. :CoMMI><

:u
'b'9-.JII. '''R.LL)4 'H:"<I)(l.'FCtl:U(l. 'I'C
n,"l'HOl'll-C:.
nI" a. all follow &om Iheu worw Ihat wc
mUJ{bdicycC.in. fi,,,.on wuEnocn ...
,houghCainkn .... hi. wi{e mu"...,fu.o
ncirflro.inltrc(>uuc.l'(>uha"".hcoamc
upreuionUI.do{.hcfir"fa,ncr.Adam.bu,
no. only in r.r enct.(>.h. concep.;on of
Ca'n, ... ho .... m oh.vebc:.nh .. fi,,,born.
,ince a li . rl.la,crScr' p,ur cord . "Ad.m
Ir:new hi. wift. and.h. conc.,,,.d and btough,
f(>r.h"",,"ndcalledh .. nam.Suh:' C,TY
oFG(>D'S.S.'
C ... , .. A C,n. WH' U AUL BUILT
NO .. B.AUGU5T' .. E:No,,.tti.r.cord.d(>f
C .. n.h., h.b .. ih. d.)'. whi)e Abc:l, ... though
h.w."'m.rell'" pilg"mon .... h.buihnon.
F(>t.h ru.d'l' 0f.h intsi. inhuven.
.hough he", onnt\h "produ,c. cuiuIU In
whom ",,ande .. ason. pilgrim.gc.h!'Ough
ttm.look.insfor lhclr:ingd(>m(>f ... rnity.
\Vhcnma,dal'comcs." ... illguhcr,ogt.hcr
all,houwho.m'ng'n.heirbod ..... haUh. v
long
wuh.hc"PTlnre.thcK,nsofE .. mi,), . hc),
sh.llrClgnfottv ... ndc,,<r.C,TYOFGoo
,p.'
4:1822 r h. n ..... "d""u o/e";,,
TH.S.' ... G .... aAT' O .. SOpC ... ,J<.
THI SnlM;: Tha. CaIn remained
ahv .,n,;].he .. venlhgencr;,,"(>n .. dear.
Fi .. ' ... . tth.db n.o".crcedc(>nccrn' ns
him.S.cond.lhelengthof.h.liv of.h(> ...
fiutg.n.r."o .... loo,u,ificoloit.n.rifhi.
fath.rAdamrcm.ined.liveundl,hen,nlh
genera,i(>n h .. ofLamcch.and",uguhcred
from lh. worldin.h.fifty.ix. h ycaror
Lamech.it il nogre.,mingma,Coin.ho .. Jd
...,main .. nril.he ... ""n.h g.nera';on. Co .. .
M.NT ... UON G.NISIS).Il.,. ,'''
CA,l<. D .. c ... DANn R . . ....... TT ...
EA .. THLyC, TT.AUGU5TIN., Th.,.,.,r .. n.
"Me.hll.haclbcgo,L.mech. who.ooktwO
",;ve" the name of ,h. one wu Ad nd.he
nameoflh.o.hcrScIl . AndAdabrough.
f(>rthJobcl;who,,uthcfa.hcrof ... ch ..
dwell in tcn .... ndofhcrd.m.n. H .. bro,h ....
wu Jllbal. H. was .he r.ther (>r all.h,,"
who pby ,he puhel)' and cltura. Sell. bore
Tobcl:h.,, ... h.rorgeror.lli ns'rum.n .. (>f
bron%.andiron.n.lilt(f(>fTobcl .. ..
N""ma." Thi .,.a.fa':lI,hthn"ofdcoct n,
fromCain lsc'rricd.Thcr , igh'genetl
too ... ,n .11, incl .. d,ng Adam. The .. ven.h ..
Ih .. (>fLamcch . ... howaI.he h,,"lNtnd of twO
w;ve. ;.he.ighthl hatofhi lchildrcn.
am(>ns whom tI.he woman who il mentioned
byn.me. V.'h.,IIh ... del!utcl)',n"matcd"
.h."o.hcvcrycndofi .. .,.i.tcnc,,-,hc .. rth1r
cil)willbc:p,opagatcdbl'phyucalblfm. pro.
,cedIng from .ht uni(>n of the Thi. i.
whyw regiven.h.propcrn.m .. ofth.
w;vu (>f Ihet ... , man m.nlloned ...
childrcn_apr:ac,ice unhurdorbcro .. . h.
flood. uc.pt in ,h ...... (>fE" . C,TY (>. G(>I>
'$.,;."
4:23 24 LAMECH COMMITS MURDER
1JLamt,b said bis

... lVtS of Lamtd" b.ark.n 10 ... Ioal I say'
I Jlain a man for wounding mc,
ayovng manforllrik;ng me.
IOIfea;" uatltngedJttlufold,
Inly Lamulo
Ovn.vuWlI..am.chkilbl ... anandayoung
man in ordur(>propagalO furrh rh. g.n ....
ti(>n.(>fC.>n.Acc(>rdingro. diff ...,n' in"rpr.
unon. Lam.<h doa n(>, kill fW(> unknown
1"" __ bur Cam him..,lf (EPtlu, .. ). Th. mu.
d.r(>fC.'nbylh.hlndof.L.mcch,".I'g.nd
.... ilhoulfoundllion.L.m.ch i mu.d rwho
doa nOI <OIII,d .. rh nmpl. of .... pun"h
m.n, of Cain .nd i ..... r.fo..., pUnl.h.d mo...,
.cvtroll' Chrylom,m (>ppo"" Sui!".
poinrofvi.",.ndbcli.vCltharLomcchcon.id
... rh. u.mplcof Cain and Ihrough " ..
brough"o.opontan.owconr ..... iOllm..'
.nabl .. himrolimi,h"punishmcn,(CH"vlOS'
TO" ). Theodor." how ... er, , tU paralleli,m
h ...... d.rg .. C$ th L.mhiocontUoi .. glo
Ir.ilhng"""ro ..
THBP"."'n ... "YOFL ..... cn'. M" .. o ....
E"na .... Yn.Sn., .... :50m . bccI"."h,l'
.... u .... ngedfo"I'V.ng.n ....
lion l'rha' Lamed .. ...... uil. bcc.u God
h.d .. ,d."AlIfleshhu<orr .. p .. diuf>",h:'
.ndal ... bcc ... .."h.,,, vuofL.m.d, .. "', ...
Ihe lineofrhcirgen ..... on would bccut off.
Th'l'",e.cgiving bir<h nOI.(> mal., bUI 10
f. m.l.sonl, .. forMo id rhlfi ' .. ... wh.n
... enm .. lupllCdonth ... r<handd.o.ughtcn
"' born '0 th, ... : ' Wh.n Ih ... wiv .......
,hcplighlof th.irgcn "on. rh.y b.c.mc
furf .. landkn." hatrh'Judgm.n,!kcrccd
.glln .. Ca'n.ndh" .. v.ngcncrllion.had
co .... upon rh'''g.ne .. "on. Lamo:ch . hen.on
h"d.v n .... romfo".dthem.uying,r
hav.killcd.manf(>rwoundingm.anda
yo .. , hf(>,str;k"'gm . j"", .. Godc." .. d
Cam ... ';'a,.ev.ngencra"on.
would p.",h wuh him .... God will ca" .. nit
ro remain.bO:Clu"1 hav. killed.wo. 00 Ihar
.. ven, y .,vcn Jcncra,ionl,hould die ",uh
m 8cf(> .... h ....... cntyoenn ren ... .,onl
<om . h(>,.,.,ver. Wt will d, . , "d through rh.
cupofdeath.h .. w. ,.$I . ... c will .. c. pcfrom
.h .. p .. ni.hm.ntwftich.bcca .... ofm . . .... m
u<endtooev.n' y ... enJ.ncr.<io" ."Co ..
"'1"T .. ... :.1l
l."MBCHM, C; HT B BT>l B MUII; DU. I II;Of
C .. , N.E .. HU .. THSSY''' .. N:S'ilIo,h ..... y
tha, Lam.eh. who was cunning and erany.
.. w 'he plight of hi. gencca,ion: tha, ,he
S<thi'u' rtfu d '0 intcrmingl. wi,h,hem
heeaustof,h. repToachof,h.itfa,horCain.
who was IIilI ali .... and , ha, ,h. land. would
bf,come uneul<iva<td from ,h. laek ofplow.
men and ,h." g' nua,ion would ,hu. 'Ome '0
an end. Lamech.thtrero,c.mo"edby:tcal.
killed Ca,n ,oguh" wnh hi. On< ' On whom
h. had b'go".n and who .... mbl.d him, 1 .. ,
through ,h" onc.on who o<mbl.d h,m the
memory ofhi$,ham.con,inucth,ough,heir
gcnc<a,ion . When he killed Cain. who had

hep them from tyranni:ing each o,her.
bmechnid,ohi,wiv .. uifin ere,:A
man and ayou(hhav.beon killed.bu"ak.
andadocoyourdaugh,cnfor,h.,on.ofSeth.
a.uu.eof ,hcmurd .. s that I have commi".d
and becaust of ,he ado,nmen' and buu'l'of
your daught.,.. ,ho.e who rcfu .. d tobf, mac
ri.dtou.in,h'pu,.ixgeneraIlOn. migh,
now eon nt '0 marry wilh u. in our g.nera
,ion:CoMM.NTARYONGENES1S4.}.I,.'
T HE H YPOTHESt S T H .. T L ... MICH MUR
DSRllOCA'NMUSTBI R IjBCTBO.aASt LTHE
GRE .. T: Som. ,hink ,ha, Cain wu d.stroyed
bj'Lamechon,hrgrounds , h",heliveduntiI
cha' tlm. ,opa)',helongcrpcnalt,.But ,h.i.i.
no,true.FotLamecl,.eem.,oha pcrp.
,ratcd,womutd ... f,om wha, h. ,,:11. u . "l
have killed a man and a you,h"- ,hc man for
woundins and ,he rou,h fo, brui$ing. No,,. a
wound 15 on. 'h,ng and a brui .. another:.nd
mar, i. one ane a
:.,n . nall h< bu, Lam.ch
\'OntJ "m .... v.nfol .!: I' ..
fou, hundred and "'netreha"i
menl$. if truly God'. judgmcot agalnU Cain i.
jUSl,tha,he.houldundergo vcnpuni.h
ment1.1n faet ... he did not I .,nromu,der
from ano(h .... o h. did no,sc< ,h. murd.Tet
undergoing,hep.nal(). Bu,l.havingbf,for.
m)' eyc. ,h. man groaning and ,remblingand
al.o (h. greatne of (he anger of God. "as
no,brough, '0 my.en ... by.he example.
Thercforeld .... v.(oparfourhund .. dand
ninety p.nah i ... LBTTB .. ' 160."
THROUGH CONFItSSION L ..... . C H L,M,TS
H,s PUN1SHMBNT. CHRYSOSTO .. : "Lamech
.. id:, hc,utinfac'goc.on.",ohi.w;v<s
Ada and Sclla.' Li"en to my voic., w;v<> of
Lamech.hcark.n.o mr wo,ds: l killedaman
for wounding me.and. young man for.rrik.
ingme. On Cain fell s.vcnfold veng nce, bu,
on Lamcch l c .. nfytim ven fold:App1r
your ", .. n,ion '0 ,h. Ulmo.u. I b ... cch you.
pu, a.idc all worldly ,houghtsand let u. stud)
,h,,, word. wi,h ,p.cci.ionso,ha,no,h,ng
mayucap"us,bu,ratherwe.houldp,oc.ed
tothei,deepe$tmeaningandb,,"ble roJ igh'
uponthe treasureconceaJedinthe.ebri.r
phra .... L.mcch idtohi .. w'vc.Ada.nd
Sella:,h.,u,say . Li .. en<Dmyvoice, wives
ofLamech. hea,hn (0 m)' wOTd. :Con.ideT a,
once. ! ukyou.from ,h.out5<t how much
b.ncfi,thi . man g.inedfromlhepunishm.n,
inflicred on Cain. Not "nij' dou h. nO' a\\'alt
accusationfromsomeon.tI .. ,o,nceffecr
,hat h. ha. bf,en1"il'j'of,hi.,inor.om.
wo .. con . bu,wi,hou,anyone's accu.inghim
Or cen.uringhim h. confe .... hi. own guil,.
.dmi"h15cflmesandouti in .. ,oh .. \\'ives ,h.
magnitude of his l in.utofulfill,he proverh
o{theinlpi,..,d .. ri,.r," He who a(cuael him
Kl{lIth.beginningof,helpcechilinch.
.igh . " YouK . con{ul ioni.o{,heg'u,."
tffica<yfo,.o".nionoffaulu.Th",.h.
denialofguil.aftHthecommittingof,in
prove, "0." .hln , h. " n, .h.m l"u. 11<i,
wu ,he.ondi,ion o{,hu man who kmed hi.
bro,h and who .. h.n '1"."ion.d by ,h. I ....
IngGod did no,m cly d.dine.oconr ... hi.
cTlmebu'.'.ndared '010. , 0Godand.hu.
cau d hi. lif. to be leng,h.ned. Acco,dingly
Lamcch.when he reil In,othtUm.liru.
arriv.d ... htcondul;on . h .. d( n ... l would
onlrl d,oh", ... iving a v.,crpuni.h
m.nt. and 10 h ummon.d hi. WIVU. wi.hout
Inyonc'.a<cu.ingotcha'gl ngh,m.lndmadt.
penonalco"ft .. io" ofh ... ins ,0 ,hem In hi.
own wo,dl . By comp ing wh. ,h. had don.
'0 the (ri mu comm;tt.d by Call', h.lim ... d
the p"nilhm.n, coming.o him. H o.tl uu ON
GgNISISIO.67.'
L .... . c;H K.LUD OM. YOUTH. T HBoooUT
OF Cn.: Somc ,n,ccp. e.e"",,dcr.u.nd ,hi.
no,o{,women or.aao,h ... fanlui z o{
C.in.bu,o{on.and,h .... m.Y""nl!mln:.
mln I hav. killed for wounding me and.
youngmanfo,b,ullingm.:na,i . lyou"g
manapp,o .. hingmlluri, ). H.eJ.Clpe n.
g<ancethrDuj!hcDnf ... ionof., ... anclp.o.

divm.jlldgmenl.QUISTlONSON GINBS1S
44. -
4:2;26 ADAM AND EVE BEG ET SETH
" And Adllm I." ... , hil wift again, ud .bt a 10" a"d ,.U.d bi. lIamt Srrh.fnr ,b.
laid, "God hal appo;""d for mt a"otb .. ,bild inl.ead of [Abd, for Cain , ltM' him].' " T ..
SdI. GIn" .0" wa, &or n. a"d IIf ,,,Iled hi. ""me Eno.h. At Iha, lim. {me" &'g""'o caUl'
MpOn Ihe ""meoflh. LORD.
O ....... , .... :Th.ton .. pllonofS.,ltby ... dlm
and Ev ignifi., ,h. harmonJ' of"'pon.ibl.
marriage 0' ALlXANO .... ). Th.
.. ionl orij!inaflnj; from 5.';,
,h. hu.en1r d,y of God (AUGUIT1N.). S,nct
S .. h para,
Clin.hi.flmily iscaUed,heJullpeopl to(
d,e Lord' (EtoHIlDO). Aht. nil "lfth ,he Ho],'
Spi,;, comClupon Eno.hand.ndow.him
wi,h.t..gifo ofp,oph.CJ (C .... LO.JUUU
u .. }.
TH. COMC; T . ON O F SITK. Of
ALgX .. NOIU.: We ""U ,,,a: ", .. io nu. of .... il:
.ndJexualimmoral'ty.Rp.auionsin'p".<1
by,h.dcviI.Ru" hcharmonyof'Clpon.ibl(
mlTnageoccupiClami<ldJep<l.i,ion.Whcn
!h.,.., .... Jf.control.;,lu<l opr.ycr;wh.n
,her ... r.v nlb.id.aJunion . ochil<lb .. ring.
A nyra,c . h.rellaprope: im.forth.
bued,ngofchildren.andScriptu.cc.ollsi,
knowl.dg . in the wordl "Adom kne .. hi. wife
Ev . and.he concoivcd and bo.ea."n. and
caUcdhimbYlhenam.ofS .. h.fo.Godhu
r"Jedupfo.m nolh childmAbcl",
ploc.:ST.o .... T.I$ ) . , s.'
iT h NOT CB.T .. , ,, THAT SBTH \VA' 60."
NIXTAfTHaCA'N.AuGu5TIN.,hi' qu;'c
po .. ible,hatwh.nAd.m .. .. divinely
In' p".d 10 la)'. aft.r Se,h"'uborn,'God hu
g,vcn mc.no.hcr .,.d.forAbcl whom CaIn
1l ... : th.rei. no'mpltea"onh ".h.tSelh
.. ... h.n.x,bornln.h.o.de.of,im.but
onl),ha,hcwudu.incd ,ob<: afi.hcirintht
orderofholin .... C'TYo.GoD' $.rs'
4:26 Stlllile, C .. U" PO" God
TNt SITN' TU Rap uNT THBC, T. OF
GOD. A"eUS"N.: \Vc have IWO linu of I UC'
ce .. ,on. onc de.ccnding from C.inand the
o.he. from tho Ion who wu born 10 Adam In
order!ob.!he hetr ofAbc! who wu killed
.nd,owhomAdamsa".,h.n.mcofSe,h.
H ... r.fc .. cd '0 ,n Ihc wo.d.God huglvcn
me ano.her ed. for Ab.1 whom Cam .1" .. .-
Thu."i"hllthe,wo riuofgener .. ;on.
Ihll arek.p, . odi .. inc . Scth
and.hco,herfrorn Cain.lymboli:e,he twO
c"' ..... "hwh"hI.md ltngir:ln .... ork
nehcav<"nlr,ltr ,nuil.onU,.lnand,he
ca .. hl),ci .}". wholConl rurchandsalllflc,
,'Or: arc for and in tncjoy, of ear,h.CITY
GOI"i1i.'
TH.S.TH'TISAIITHBJU.TP.OPLB OF
GOO. EPHU .. THB Sn., .... , Afur S(th bcg'"
En".h.M,,"(lwro,e"at,hatll mchcbcganto
eaU on ,h. nam. oflhe Lord."' BUauuSclh
had.cparalcdh'mlclffrom,hchous<ofCain.
,heSclhiluw.rccall.dbrth.nameof,hc
Lord.lha, .... h.ju .. peopleof.he Lord.
CO ..... "T ... T O"GB"ES" $.,.1. '
TN' SPI.IT E" .. owl .. W, "r H
G,'T 0' OF
u .. ,TheHolySpori,cam"uponaUlh."gh.
'cou. m.n and proph ...... uch 11 EnOlh.
Enoch.Noah and H> On. 10 Abrah.m. loa ..

M''''''"I;; O. THI N"" u AI,.. ... 51TH ""0
E,.OSH.A"I;;UITt"'., Se,h m .. n.re.llrrec
.ion:and,htnamcofhilH>nEno.hm.an
"m.n'-Th. nlme Adam 11.0 rnun, man: hut
in Hebre .. i.can b<:u.c<lfor I n)" human p."
,on. e;lhrm.l. o,fcmal .. ,uon< <an lee f.om
rhe !u!,"H. cR .. cd them male and f.m.I. ,
andbl .... d.h.m.ndc.U.d,h.irnam.
Adam:' Th," .u,leavc. nodoub,lhatEvc
wu g,v.n he. )'1"01"'< nam . wh.r .... 1.. com
monnoun"adam:or"humanbelng:.pplied
'0 both Adam and Eve.' It was difi"enn. wi,h
Ihe name Enosh. Thi. mean. man: H.b.e ..
.cholar, llU'. lnthe .enseofam.n .. di"in
gu"hed from a .. oman_ Thw EnOlh w:u a
.onor ruur ctton:C'TY OF GOD LS.11.
'FCII,KI6..'FCL_
.... ' .... ,........_
.w.... .. ... .,bod."""- ... e .........
..
5:1-8 SETH AND HIS SON ENOSH
'Tb'l ;1 tbe 10001: I>f tbr genrrariolll of Adom. " God truwl man, be made bim ill
rbe likeneJl of God. 'Malt ud he created them, and he &Ieued rbem alld named
tbem Man! ",hrn rbe] ",rre cruud. JWhrn Adam bad bwndred' and rblrty ]earl, be
bteame tbe fMber I>f a lOll in hi' own lihnell, aflfr b'l image, and 1I0med him Srth. 'The 1-
dOYl I>f Adam after be becom, the fathrr of Seth ",ue eight bwndrea' ]Url: and h, baa ,
otber lI>nl and dugbtrrl. ITb'/J olllb, dOll thll! Adam IVfrr nill' and Ibirl]
Jellrl;lIndhrdird. 1
' When Seth hod lived a ana five ]earl, he bteame Ihe father of Enolh. ' Sttb
Ilvrd IIftrr rhe birtb of EnOI" right bwndre.!* and ]rars, alld had alhrr ll>nl IInd
urs. ' TbuIIIUtb.daYJafStth",.rell'nrbundrrd"ndllllrlve]rIlTJ;lIndbe d,ed.
O ... ,.." .... 'Th.beginnlllgaf ... orldch.ono!
oSJuno,rcckon.dfrom.h ... rthlycIIY
nOI from Ih. gcncr .. ion of Cai ". huv.
cnlyci'j illymbo1ind in ,he on. "man"
(Ena.h) ba.nof.h."rClurreclion"(S .. h) of
,h. man who WII olain (Abel), lymboli:'ng
,h. un"yaf,hc whol.hcav.nlycil).Thil 11
,heprapu "'IY.o p'Clen, Ih. nl"a,;ve of
worl.:! h.'110rl 11 Iymb-oli:ed byth.,wacII
,Cl (A""USTINI). Th.liltc"ul berw "
Adlmandh,,"onSerhi,areflec,iono(.h.
unilrbetween ,hc Fa,hcrand,hc San (0 .. ,
I;DI). I,i. likdy,hatS.rh, delccndann
buihc;I1ulnd,nhab;udlhcm,ev."rbough
.h.r.i.namentlonaf,hue ... cn .. ,nrbc
Scrip, urel(AuI;USTlNB).
,,u, l,ahi,.rhllrh ... ri,er.u thaughb,d.
den by Gad ..... al Un .... illing.o ha". th.beg,n
"inga(warld chranalogyr.cl<OllodfTOm ,h.
..rthlydt) (.ha, i" fromlhe,.nera<ionof
Ca,n).alld..,h.deliberaldyw.n,bacl<lI>
Adam fa, a nc'" beg,nnlng. l f .... ul< whJ
,hi l rcrurn,oreclp"ulue,,umadcimmcdi.
aIClyaf.ermen,ioningSerh,.an. ' .htman
.... hohapedtocallupon.h.nam. af.h.Lard
God.,h.an ..... e,mu .. be,har.hi.wlI.h.
p,opu "'al' 10 p, n,.he t."o cniu. Th. aM
bcg"'l andcndlwilhamu.dercr, for La-
mcch, 100. U hc Idm",.d.o hll tWO .;VCl.
WU I murdu . ' Th. a.h,r c"y be,, "1 w"h
,hc man wha hop.d '0 caU upon rh. nlmtaf
IhcLard Gad. for rh. invon. ian afGod 11
rhcwhalc and ,he high ., p,.occupationaf
5:1-2 The G.llwlI iOIlJ of AJ"", .he city of God dUring '1$ 'n .hi,
world. I: " Ivmboh=.o 'nTne One "man"
WOlf 0011 T,n N ........ Tt\lI ap GBNU' 5 (Enalh.) born of
Go lI .. c" TO Th.rulon
fo,. ,hi. btuk ,,,.h.,,,,,,,,,,. !i".h,

man who wu ,I"in (Abd). Th ... ont m .. n
inf"crua'ymbolof.htun"yof.h.wholt
huv.nly "t}'. wh,ch U nOr y.t in rh. fulln."
'ha'i,i.d.nin.dlo ..... h .. ndwhi.hi
.. dumb,at.din,hi'p,ophClicfigu . CITf
OF GOD IJ.:'. '
5:35 San ill Hi. Li/m u
.. b
1' flO' .. '."' .. A'u ....... "S.T .... ..
Ch.",i h.inv,.,bl.,mag."f,h. ,nvllibl.
God.Julla, a((o.d,ngl<>rh.Scrop'urcnar
... 'v. we la)' rha h. ,mag. of Ad.m ... u h ..
.onSClh.hi,wr;Ue"thu,,"AndAd .. m
bego,Sethaf,.rh,.ownimag ... ndaf, h"
ownk,nd:Thi.,mag'pr rv.I,h.unurof
na,u.eand.ub" .. "c.common,o .. r.,h ..
a"d ... on. Fo,"whueve h. Fa,hc.dou.
rhcSondoulikew, .. :' jn rhlfnryfacr-
rha'lh.Sondo .... llrh,ng.Jullurhc
Farhc,dou-th.F ... h .... 'm .. g.i ' .. pro
duc.d ""h. Son. who,. b,nh from.b.
Fuh .. i.ui'w ..... n .. cl0f hi .wilJp.0.
cccdi"gfrom.he mind. O"f'IlSTP,,' .. e',
PLlSI.l.6. '
D'oTHBO .. eBlw ..... TlO.SBTH
CIT'''! AOGUSTI ... : Now notic ha. wh.n
,h"nspircdw",cr..,,,forrh,h.l.ngthofrh.
hvuof.h.m."h.m.nllonl.th.na .... "v.
ah .... y "d. wi'h,h.formul. a"dh.bSot
.on'."ddaughr.r .... ndallrh.tJm.d ... ,."
.nd"'llnd
w
u."' ..... nrr
car
' ndb.di.d:
Con.id .. ingthatth ewn.anddaugh ........
nOlnam.dandrem.mb.,inghowlongpcople
li ... d,nrha,firllperiodofourh",ory.an
anyon.,.fu obehewetha.wgrca,.mul,,
.udcofmenwubornurohlvcbeenabl . in
group . o build I great number ofd.i !
C' TY OF GOD IS.'"
;:914 ENOSH AND HIS SON KENAN
' "'btll fht fQlhfT IIf t"Ellolb lived
fht ,",rtb of tlthf b .. "drtJ Q"d fifteu ytf1.rl , allJ had ofhrr lOll S and dawg;' .
UTI. " T;' ... all tbt Jays of Ellosb wtTt "ill t b""arrd a"d fiVt ytars; and Itt ditd.
" Wbrll had lived YUTI. fafht< of
j"' to: Afl rt fb.junh af "lbt ",,"a .. d' a"d faTlY ud OIh.r 10." .. ".:
aa"ghl :rs. " Th" j alld .. daYl llf K.llan ..,.rtnintb"na,tJa"azrnytamaIfJ"tJita.
OV V' RW' Th. name EnOh mean."man" in
",.languag.ofd,eChaldun ... _U .. ,n
Hebn,., {A"'II05I).'
519 11 Enod, all d Hi. D unJanl.
M ..... ' .. CO. TH. N.u .. EHO. H.Aoo.II05.,For
pl.uu,n.cI.vu .hi'J<)ulandd""''',,ay
from ,he bod}" Thil i"oirnow oRClclf.
man-"",,, in Ladn bUI ,n , hel ..
of,hcCh .. ldc:ln'.!s ..... C.o" T" .SO\lC, .,. '
.... i man.hould ... move h,mulffromfluh)' 'Fe"",
;:1520 JARED BECOMES THE FATHER OF ENOCH
" Wloe" lived Yfa . b. b.,,,m. ,b. fllrlm of
lived ' ''' bi " fig'" and ,bi.IY ytan. and had orht.
,0'" and dugb'.Tl. " Thw. all,,,. d"y' of Mahalaltl" ",efr tigh' hWlldf.d and ni"Clylive
YUf.;udh.d,rd.
" Wlor" Ja ftd had livrd a Lwndwl and .ilr'y'I"''' y.ar. h. bUllmt I". J:uh "f En"'I. .
"JIITtd !i,.d il/ur lb. birlh of Ell"," rigb, bWll dwlytllr . and bad olher IOn. and .laugh
,t ... .. Tbw.III1,"td"yJofJllrtdlUtrt n;n."wnd dllnd.ixly., ... oJ.IITJ;"ndh.dit':.
Ovl.v,.,,,Enoch .... hoi h v.n.hinth.
hne of ducenl from Adam. prdigu he u"
enfold giflf of .h. Spin< ,ha. would com o
, .. ,inCi","{BI OR).
T HI eo .. C.PT' O,.. OF E,.. OCH
TH"T oFCHaon. B201:Enoch,ln,nath
.. u .ng.nd .... duv.n,h,n,h.hn.ofdu,. ",
ftom ... dam. pr.figured InU ,h. Lord """ .. Id
. ..... al .. a)'o:
mortaln .. ur.bu,h), lh.powe.of,hcHoh

HolrSp,,,, .wh,ch .. d ...
u.cv.nfold. ' wo .. ldcom or."uponC ..... '
;na.!"'cial "'J wh.r.hcw .. . boullob.botn.
And h. wouLdbap,in ,n.h. Holy Spiri,and
g,, h.gifuof.n.Spiri o ,ho whobdi ....
,r. nim. How'lf .. Oh' GOSPU5
5:21-27 ENOCH IS TAKEN BY GOD
AND BROUGHT TO HEAVEN
had lived sixty-five" years. be!a"'e father of
walked wilb' God afler Ibc birth oJ Melbustlah
l
tb,et hund,ed' yea,s. and blld oIb .. sons
and daughl!rs. 11Th"s all thr days of Enorh were th,ee hund,td and sixly-five ycars.
"Eno!h walked wilh God; and he was no! .for God look hi",:
he brcame fh'falhe r
of La ", e,h. t6Me!h"ulah' livta aflH Ih r birth of Lamuh ,tven h"nd,.d and e'gh!y-!w,, "
_wars. ana haa othu SOn5 ana daughun. "Th"s all th, days of Metbu5dah' ..... crl hl/n
drtaand,iXly.ninrytars:anab,di.a
!..U. _ ... ....,. ... {.U"'""-'""'!..Uw .. "'-.. LlClt __ r.u_w .. "'-.. God. ....... _ ....... """""
..--.-1_. LlClt .-.. ........ _ "Ln .... _ .... _
OV,,",vra,,: Enoch i,snatched up 10 heaven
on Ihe wing' of fire of the HolrSpir;,
(AMSMOSI).,how;ngAdamthlfp .. ad;se;s
the meeting place of the faithful (EPHUM).
God"ke,Enoch.ndbring.himtop ... dise
beC3us.h.i'pl.ui ngin,h igh,ofGoJ
(Cyp,,' .... j . lti. uncuumwheth ... hi'i$.
con$e'luena''' . preconditionofEnoch.
comp .. hen.ionofGod1i n.ture (GM'GOII.YOf
NAz,ANzus).Enoch. lif.d.mons<,a<<:Ifhat
human fle.h doe. no, pr.ven' numansf Tom
becommg.aintC .... SOSTOM}.ndtn.tone
whohopn in God do not dwell on eaTth but
i. ,ransported and d ve. to God (AMUOSE).
Enochdo<snotexpcricnadca.h but " ... n .
ported 10 immorulitr b)" God (AUCUSTlNI).
Enochi.ootendowed ,.,ith ... rnallife.bu,
hi,deatni.onlrpOstpon.d (TERTULU ... ")

th. world (JO .. ",CASSIAN).
Methu .. lah. th on of Enoch.di., in ,h.
r.a, ,,h.n ,n< flood h'g,n . Th. disct'pancie,
in th.figur .. mention.d.boveare di,cUS$cd
b) J.rome. who ",Ive. ,ne appHent anomalr
ofMerhu .. l.h, dyingaf,e,thefloodbr
recoutse,oth.H.hrew(JERoME).Thedi._
crepanciu bet,.,een ,ne Hebrew and the Ser-
tuagi ntareal$odi$Cu$$cdbrAugu.tine
5:21-24Ellocb W .. lk.d ... itbGod
E",oc .. 1s T""IIJ< T O Huvu, BY
SPIRIT. AMaROsr: The Holr Spirit aloo "m.
down ".nd filled the whol. nou . wher. ".r)'
m.nrw.re l itting ndthereappuredpartcd
tongues a.offire:' Good are ,he..,ing.of
lov tne true wing. that flew.hout ,hrougb
themouth.of th polflu.andth.,.,ingsof
fir. ,ha'"pok. ,h. pure wotd.On ,hue ",-inr s
Enoch fle" when he wu snatched up '0
hu"er ..
A'>AatW.TNU'UTHI EuNT.EpHUatTHI
Some Ill' that whil. Adam ... 'a,look
'ng la, EnochJ God hIm to pan
d". I .. , Adam ,hink .ha, Enoch wu killed:as
was Abel and 10 be: gri.ved, Thil wu 10 Ihat
Adam mlgh. allO be: comfoned by Ihil jUII
lonofhila nd.h .. hemigh,kno", .ha,forall
",ho ... h<Tbcfoudu.h
or afur.he ruurrcct;on,puadlle would be
.heir mculng place. CO .... .. ON G6NI'
SUS, I}
ENOC .. Puuu GOD. CH .. UN: W. abo
nnd.ha.Enoch, whopleu.dGod ... u.ra ....
poned, u d,vln. SCTlprurcteuifiu 'n G.nu"
and" YI,"AndEnochpleuedGodandwaI
no ... cnla.erbecau .. God,ookh,m:Th,"
wu plUl,ng in the "ght of God_.ha, Enoch
mer;,edbc,ngtranlportedf,omthccon.agion
o{,h" world. Su,th. HoIl'$pin. ",achu.11O
.h,oughSolomon' ,ha"hollwhoplu.eGod
.r.,.kenfromheue",lterandmorc'!ulCk11'
... f,,,,,.lc., whilc.hcl' au tarr'T,n, '00 long
,nu, ISworldthcyb.,o.rup,edbl'familiaruy
with che ",o,ld. ON
HOPI "'c TO lNvOJ<ti TH I LORD. Guco"v O.
NAZ'''Nzus:Enoch"hopcdto1n
y
ol<.thc

hop,ngfor knowlcdgc. mark you. but rather ,n
hop,ngfor,nyoca"onof.hcLon:l..Enochw ..
-,ranlfc.,cd"-yu, but U ,,<!u"eundca,
whcther,hil wu I 'onlequcnc. Or' prccond,.
lion ofhilcomp,chcndon,God'ln u .
THIOLOG' CAL ORATIONS
Hu .... FLUH Do" NOT P.UINT ENaCt!
. .. 0 .. S.CO .. ' NC A SA, ... T. CH .. nOSTOM
W.ll b.".do not 11)'. "1 arn ,mpcd.dbr''''
fiesh.1O 1 unno: w'no,U or take On my.cl:
cffor .. . "Do notthul accu ..
yourCrc.,or.Fo.,f.hcfluh mok.""mpo"i.
ble.o PO'"" vi ...... <, ,hefaull 11 no. oun.
How.y .. , ,h. company of Ih. la", .. has lhown
tha, in reahty i,doc. no,mak hi. impo"ibl.
Th. narurcof.h./l h did no. peevcnt Paul,
for ,nsu.nce. frombc:<:omingsuchau,n,uhe
b,," mcorPu.tf.omrecciving,h.keYlof
hcaven. Furthe E1IOCh, .hollgh po_dof
.he fluh, ... u taken by God and ... n no moee.
HO."'.J uo",)oHN,!.'
THonWHo Hop. , ... GOD Do NOT
E .... TH.A ...... o$E: Enoch call.d upon
Godinhopt.ndlO,sthough,tohuet...n
tranlpo.tod.Andooonlrthu man whoputJ
his hopc in God ms.obcman:' Morc
""cr, th.dur and tru,hful ",n .. of,h. p ...
IIgc i. tha, ono who put, hi. hope m God
dOClnotdwcllonu.thbu, ' " tran.pon.d.1O
.olpcak.ln.dcleav.l .oGod. ls ..... c.O. THH
SOUL'.', "
ENOCH T ....... C .... OID V ..... , Ty O f TR"
WO .. LD. JON'" CUS'A"': The mind il j.O
caugnt up in ,h'" WI)' ,hat che h.ar'ngno
Jongcr,akCl'nthcvooceiouuideand,magel
of ,h. pa .... br no long .. come '0 light and
.h yenolongcr".llhemoundJconfron.i ng
11 Or .. tlriling up again .. i,.
No onc will po ... " .h ... u.h Ind th.
power of III ,hil unl ...... hu d ... c, uptr,.
.nc o.u,hh,m. Th. Lord will have ,urned
,hc eyCl ofh" hu".wlY frtlm nery'hing of
.h.h .. c.ndn .... . ndh .... lIl,h,nkof,h .. eu
nO'trlnlllo<ylomuchu.lrcadygone,l moke
Ic t ... d,ntonoth,ng.He" ... llu",ithGod.
'FC9I:UJ..M "\\.' .,); 'FC1o6<l11.,&.-r-o.l6lXX.
'fCFr.!}<.'fC.',)]) ... ' ..... _IhIIIIor ..... ..-.Ir
........ .:-;,,,. ............... : "FC6!,,.
Iik.Enoch.Hcilgoncfromahumanwayof
lifc.fromhumanconccrna. H. ,a nolonllcrro
bcfoundamid .h.,.ni'l'of.hllp.cun.
world. Th. ' u ' o[GenU,s ,cla.u .ha. thi,
ac.u.!lyhappcncd ,oEnochin .h.body:
"Enoch walked wi.h God .nd wu no. '0 M
foundMcauo.Godh.d.akcnh,m.w. )""
Th pold .... ys.B. cau.cofh,. r ... h. Enoch
wu kcnup.o,ha.h.d,dno.han.o
.ncoun ... d ... h .. "eo ........ c.j..,."
E .. OCHOouNoT EI ....... c. I'.BIBNT
OUT ... AUGU5T'NE: Then ,hc Scrop,u,.
..... , ,h ... r,.r ,Om,"m' h.d.l.p d , ,h ....
wu a m.n nam.d Enoch. who ... jUll iu mU
Itcdal1ngul p.ivil.gc:.ha,hc.houldno,
cXp""cnuprcntd .. ,hhut.houldM<raru
pon.d 10 ,mmonab.,. from .h. m,<U. of mo.
,al . Thll ,"c,d.n. shOWl lha. on. JUI, m.n ..
du ,oGod,hanm.nyllnn .... CH' ...
L"B 7."
ENOCH'. Is ONLT POnI'ONBP. TH'
TULLI"N: Enoch.nd Ehj.h w ... ".nlp""ed
h.nc ... "hout , uff."ngdu,h, ... h,ch .. .,
only po"'poncd.Th. day ",;U.om. wh.n ,h.y
wiIJac.uallyd,.,h.,.hcymarullngullh
Anuchr"' ... "h.hc .. blood. Th .......... I.g
.ndtha'S .. John . h.E,.ng.h .... u ,ol;v.' ili
,he ucond coming. but hedi.d.ON THfi
SOUL ,0.,."
M .TH unUH D,u, ... TH. Yu. Of THE
FLOO'" JUOOOE: Th.re i f.mou. '!uu"on
th.thubcenairedb)d"c\lU,on,n.1l
chur<hu: 'ha,b)'1 carcfui.cckon,ng" can be
Ihown, ha,M.,hu.d.hh".dfoutlccny.ar>
flC,thcnood.h.pp.ara.ha:in ,hi .c .....
,nmanvo.h .... inth.S.p'u."n:tr.nllauon
ofth.Sibl.th.rcil an.r ... r, n tbcnumbcn.
Amonirh.H.bre ... . nd.h.booklof.h.
Sa", iunl.[havefound ,hc ru, ... ri".n
a hundred
v.n yca .. and bccame ,he fathu of Lamech,
M .. huICI.h Iov.d.ftcr ,h. b,,,h of Lamech
lu .. n hund,cd.nd.illhty,woy .... andbad
o,her,on.anddaughttn. Thuaall . btday.of
Mc.b ... elahw.rcninehundredandll .,..nine
yca .. :and bed,ed.And t..:uncch hved on.
hund dandc'gh'r,woycarsandMso,
N".h'- "'ccord,ngl,..,hcrc ar. 369 y .... f.nm
,hcda,.ofM. ,hu lah'.birth.o.hcd.yo(
No.h'.bor,h: , ,,,h ... . ddNoahal i. h .. nd d
y .. tI.I,ncothc noodoccurrlOd in ,h. liS hun
d .. dthyu,ofb"lif . ndln"wo.luo ... th.,
Me,hu.clahdicdin.bcn",th .. "drcd.""y.
..... b.n
Ih. flood bcg.n. Hu .... ' Qu.n,o ... so ..

.. o .. D'SC .. BP ..... C ' 1i
Hu ..... ..... o
AUGUIT' .... : Mo .. ovuthedifT ... nc.'nnum
M ... h., .... findbc,w n the H.br .... tcx.
.nd 0 .. , " ... ,, "COOltJ ... ,U no diug .... mcn'
.bo .. tth"longu''Yor.hcanc'c"". lfanvd"
crcpancy 11 luch ,hat ,h. two v''',On. cannO'
bo.hbctr .... .... muJt.c.l.:.h.auth.noic
a"oun,o(cv.nui n,h.lang .. agcf.omwhlCr
"urtut"u tranll ... d.Tho"gh,"",,pp"""
nllyllun'v ..... Ur anil.bl.t".ho,c ... how ....
,o .. kc':,re< I,nific. n, lvtno .. ,h. no"n.iI
v.n'ur .. d , ,,co,, ..... h.Scp ... ll'n:v ... lOn
from ,h. Hebr .... 'Ut in .h. Hry manr place.
... h.r. "".m' to ofi ...... m .. h,ng difi ... n:
Th c .. on ... h.ttho .. difi.r.nc .. ...... no
'''-S,loO''HoIol1:'")CCIC ''FC'f';C.

con,idored fabificationl,nor do I think ,ha,
, hey IhouLd b<: 10 reprded;n any war. Rathtr,
where no error by the copyill iluccnained
andwherclhc,enuwouLdb<:humonioul
w;,hthe,.u,h.ndwouLd procL.im,helfulh,
wc , houJd b<:licvtth., they wtrc moved by
IhcHol)Spi"'IonrlOlllc,hingdiffe.end),
no,up."of ,hc..,rvicelh." heydidu
... nlluo., h .. ,uuuci.ing ,h.f dom,h ..
Ihcycnjoycd upropheu.C' Tl Of Go I)
'5, '4. "
5:28 32 LAMECH BEGE T S NOAH
Lamerb had lived /I hund.ed /lnd eighly,lwo' Jelln, he hUll me !befll!her of a lOll ,
n "nd ,,,Ued bil llllm. NOllb,' 1",Ying, "OUI Of!bt ground ... hifb!br LOUlbIU curud !bil 0,,"
110/111 bring uS .tlief from our work And from !be loil of 0". b/lndl." "'Lam"b livrd IIf!er !be
blftb of Nollb' fr"t bundrtli IInd nintIJ-frve' Juri, IInd blld otbrT 10111 alld daugbtrn. " Thus
AI! ,h. dllJl of .... rr Itv.n bundred and Jun;' IInd be ditd.
l1After NOllh' Will frV; hundrtd Jra" old, NOllh' be,amt !ht fll!her of ShUI:, Ha"' , "
udJaphe! l: .
l,D' ___ ........ 'UJr"" UJr .. _ .. -.., . ____ __ .. """ .. _ ....... __ .. pooooI ...
.. t-I ... ...... 'l..U"' _ _ .l.U_ .............
Ov ... " .. w, LamKh prophu ,hat NGah.
wholtnam.mun. .cli. r: ... illb.ing.di.r,o
humankmd (E""RlM).L.mech. p.ophcC)
pr.figure. Chm. (O,UGIiIl ). No.ah wu Con
hcpre
..,"'.dhllv,'l'n'.,.fo. fiv.hllndrcdy ....
(&HaRM).
No"" WI LL SR' .. " RaLla. TO HU ......
THa Sn,,,"': Enoch beg": Me,h"'e
lah. an.! Mc,hu. clahb<:go: Llmcch . n<!
La mcd,b<:go: I'Ooah l who.. n1mcmulU
rchef" ,nH.orc"an<!SvTlac). Lamecn
proph iedabou<h" oonand ",d."Th"on.
IhallbnngUluh.ffromourwo.karulfrom
,nc <oilofourhandl lndfrom,hc .. rtnwhkh
tncLordc" .. ed: Hiloffering .... ... illbt
plcuingfo God ... ho. b<:cau.c of th .n of,hc
u .. h.'nh:abi . anf5 . ... iIld .... .. "
of ..... <hfh.huildlng. thatw. hn. mad nd
,hcplan"ovcrwhich 0'"hand.h.". 10il.d.
COMlu"'T .. ar 0>< GU<U1S
T" " Is
.. . ",: S), ccndingthrough
th. indiyiduall.v.bofth.dw.nings [inth rk
builrbyN .... hduring,h.l100d.j.on.arriv a.
N<>ab hi m.dr. whose name mu ns reSl Or righ .
0Lls.who isJ"u.ChriSl.For wha. Lamech his
fuhetsays is no,appropria,.,o th" ancien,
Noah.Fo,, hi.on.;h'''Y' ."<hallgiyeu.reSl
from ,h. l.borS."d , he.orrow,ofourha" ds
and from th ... rth th .. , he Lord God cur .. d."
For h",,,hall i,b. tru. tha. ,h "ci. n' No.h
g.v .... t '0 ,h., l,am.ch or '0 ,h., p.opl. wn"
w ... ,h.ncon'.in"din,h.la"d.!H" ... i h ...
.c .... ti""fromth.I.bo"."d . "rr<>w,in Ih.
time. ofNoah:Juus onIJ' has giv.n .. $t to
humanity.ndh .. frcedth rthfromth.
cur .. with which th. Lord God cUrSed it.
HO .. 'I. I ESONGENtiS.S . ;.'
5:32 Noa!. ,b. Fatb of Sb.m, Ham fInd
J .. pbdb
NO .. HI G .. .. E" .. "' .. uo.V, .. TUB.EpHR .. ,
TH.SYR, .... :Aher recoun. ingth"eng.nera
.io". from Adam . o Noah. Mose. said. "Noah
w fi v. hu"dred yur.oldandb.go.Sh.m
and H. m. ndJapheth," During thi. enti ..
tim.Noah w .. an.xample tohisoon.byhis
,!ttu . for h. had preserv.d virginit) for fivr
hundr.dye.u.mongthos.ofwhomi,,,a.
..id.AlIfI ..
T"RYONGBNlSIS6.' .I,
6:1 4 THE SONS OF GOD UNITE WIT H
THE DAUGHTERS OF MEN
' Whe" men b.ga" 10 mulliply or. Ih! f"er of Ibe ground, ,,"d daLlgble.1 wne born 10
th.m. ' 11. , lonl of God la ... tbal the dawgbltrl of m' n w'" jair; and Ib.y look /0 wife lu(h
of Ibm: al Ib.y (bplr. 'Th.n 11., LORlllaid, OM), >pi.it ,hall 11 01 "bid. ill mall fo. ev.r. for
b. is fl .. b, bUI bil dayssha!1 b. a hundr.a' ""a' rwt"ly ytars: 'Tb. N.pbili m ...... rbe
ta.rb ;11 11."" dap . alld at".wa.a', whtll Ih. lOll l of God ,ame ir. 10 Ih. of
lII e", and rb.y bort cbildrtll ro rb .. ". Tb.H w'rr. rh. mighry m'n ' Ihal wcrr of old. mtr.
'f""'w,
OYB'IYJ R" "The spn. ofGod.r.a"gel,,.,ho
fors.ke the b utr of God fo," p.",habi.
b ut)' and unite thems.lve5 wi.h women
(CLfi .. E"TOfAlE ...... Thei, desires were
sO! on rhinj!s of rth
Otne" argu. th.1 ,he Jons of God au rh.
sons pfSerh, wno "'''''r thedauj!nten of
Cam (Ep><RI!>I :.
Tnowo,d,"m,sp;r>lshaUno,.bici . in
man' oemon"ratethat tn. ,,'hol. "'an h.d
btenchange<lin,o&Omethingworseaf.<r,he
ran of Aciam (AOOtlSTINI). bu, Go<I n""u,h,,
1" .. g ... n, ...
for "'p"n,anc" (EPHIlIiM). According.o Au
gu .. inc.whofollow heargumentofEph m.
,h"giantJw"r"gcn.n."dbyrh ..,nlofSe.h
and .he daugh,,,nofCain (AUGIISTlNI).
wh u. Amb.o.". who "'"Imcs ,he vi ...
exp.co dbyCl.m.n,.mainuin. ,ha.th.)
w.r. born fromangcll uni .. ng.o mortal
wom.n (AM'lIOn). Both .h ... wti .... agree
.ha.th.giantl.ymboliud.oup .... on.who
.redevotcdonlJ'.oearthlydctir . Srr.ngth
t.nds,o ..... d .. ,oganc.(lh.s' L).Th.i'dm.
for np"ntancc was lomit.d (JUOMI ).
6, }2 Tb. Sonl th. Daugbt. ' I of
... 1fn
FALLI",ANGIUE"'TI CI OITEAITHU
BIAUTT. CUMBNT Of ALU .. NOR' .. ' Th.
mindislcda .. ,aJ'byple&lurc.and.hcvirgin
cen,erof .hcmind. ifno,d'lC.plin.dbyth.
\\'o.d.<legcnc, .... in.olicen,iousn ... and
rupsdilln.egrationu .. ..... dfori .... an
gr ... ion . Anu.mpJeof.hi. fnryoui h.
angel.whnforfookthebtau'yofGo<Ifo.
p""'habl.btau'yandf.Ua.f ..... h ....... JS
from ,h. earth. CHK' ST THI
),:,'4. '
0 .. , .... SaT 00; THINGS o. E .... TH.
.. :0fd.e' nco.poreal
bcing . only.ngd. feU ..... J. and not all of
.hem.b" nmeonl) . ha.indined.o.hing.
btlo,,and .. ,th.ir<luir.onthing.ofeanh.
w'thdrawing.hem l" .. from.h.".e!a"nn.
,,lfh.hing. abo. .
N .. TUUOp/l.ho;i S'
THISO,., or Gon Au Till SONI OF 51TH.
EPHUM THIS, .. , .. N: [MOIu) caU.d ,he IoOIU
ofSe,h"..,nsofGo<I;.houwho.lilt.,he..,n,
nf Se.h. had bt.n called"thc"'gh,co"'p"0ple
ofGo<I:Th.bu",if"ldaugh rlofm.n
whom they "'''' ", t.h. d,ugh,erfofCain
whoado .... <I.h.mnlv .. an<lbecam.a.n ....
,0.y ofth ..,n.ofSe.h.n.nMo ....... id
",h. y.ook.owir uchof.hcmu,heycho ;
beca"nwh"n",heytook".hem . heyacted
veryhaugh.ilyo".r .hos.whom.h.ych ..... A
h .... if.of
artch man. and an old man wOllld , IR wtth
on . ... ho ""'yo"ng.Th. ugli.tt ofall would
actarrogandyov ... h.mo.o.bea".iful.eo ..
...NT .. nON GaN"'s 6.}.I. '
6:3 Hwm."u Limit.d
AD .... S S'o; H .... CH .. NGSO HU .... N'Tf
,NTOSO .. ITN,NcWo .. n.AuGUIT' NE,By
thJul1ic.ofGod.h.wholc human rac ......
d.h .... d in.o.h. pow.r of. h.devil . he.in
of.her.rf.manp ... ,oSOt'il,n.lly,ntoall
p"rlon.ofbo.hu .... wh"wtreborn
,hro"ghconjug.lllnion . h.d.b.ofourfirl,
par.n" binding all their po er'tJ.Thi.
dcliv."ng .. .. r.rl1'ndicaICd,nG.n i
whu ..... h.ntt ....... id.o.h erp"nt.
"Earth.hall you ca.;' i. "' ... lIid.o ,he man.
"Earth you arc. and into u"h Ih.1l you
.. 'urn." Th.dead,of,h.body ..... for .. old
b,",n,ocatth.hallyou .et"rn:bccau he
would no. haveupe"encod "ifh.had
.. m.in.d "prigh, .. he h.d been c ...... d.ij,,:
wh.,h ... y.,n,heli"ing",an:carthyo"
,re:.ho"",,hat.h.whol.mlnhasOc.n
ch.ng.d, n.olom .. h,ngwo ..... fo, .. rthvou
"':ll.l,o.l l 'F:,,, ..... H. 'Ga. k 'Ga.
"
jU$t a$ uying"My 'pi,i, .hall
nor remain intho rh.y are
flesh: Hence God.how.d rh.fh. had then
ddiver.dm.nto fh. devil. fO whom he had

IJ.n.f6.'
T,.u, G .. ANTBD TO THIO GBNH .... TION
RBPBNTANCII_EpHRBMTHBSYR'AN:Thi,
generuionwill no, live nine hundred yca ..
likerhepreviou.g.neration foriri.fle.h
anditsday.a..,filledwi,hrhede.d,offl h
Therefore. th.ir d.y. will be On' hundred.nd
fWenf)' y .. rs. If they repenf during,hi"ime.
,h.ywillbeuvedfromrhewruhrha,i.
.bou, ",.omeupon them. But if they do no,
repen,.by th.ir d .. d,fhey will call down
wfa,h upon ,hem.elv ... Gf.cegran'ed one

generation that, according rojuSlice. wu no,
worthy of . CO .... fiNTUlY ON GBN-
THB T, .. B FOR RBI' BNTANcB.JuoME: Fur-
.h .. more.le., [God[ may emtobecruel in
th., h.hadno'gi"en.o .i nncc"plac. for
he add.d. "But day' will
120 y .... :,h.ti th.ywil!h.v.120ycarsto
dor'penunce. lti.no,fher.fotcth., human
lifrwucon,r.c<ed,o 120 year . as many
w.onglyauert.buttha, llOrearowereg;".n
rothat generation forrepentance . ince
w. find that the floo-d Al!raham
I;,.d 17; yean andotherl more th.n 200 and
300y ..... Sinc.inde.d,h.yde.pi .. dfOdo
repenunce. God wa. unwilling for hi . decr.,
fOOl,.i,ifS,im . bu,.uffingo(f,h"pa .. of
f ..... nfrr .. rsnebrougnfOnthefioodinfhe
on. hundredth yeu rhaf had been d ... ined
fo,doingrepenf.nce. QUEST'ONON GBNES'S
6.,.'
6:4 The of ... "
THE G' ''NT8 OLD. EPHllEM SHlAN'
Th.hou.eofCain. b.cau heearthhad
be.n cuned.o as not ,ogi"e ,hem i ..
.. rength.produc.d.mallharv ..... d.pri".dof
i".trengrh.ju .... it i. ,odar,h.,.om .... d .
frui ... ndgr ..... gi" ..... ng.hand.om.dn
nOf.Bec.u."a" h.f,im.,hc)' wer.curt.d
.nd.on.ofthe.u .. edand .... tredwtllingin
th.!andofcu ..... ,hc)wouldp,her and .. ,
produce that I.d:.d nu .. ifion . nd ,ho .. who
atcfhe .. ,., .. e .... i,nout .... ng.hju<tliketh.
food thaf ,he)" ate.A,for ,h. S.,hi .... on th.
o,hcth.nd.bu.u
d.n .. of the bl .... d [S.th] and w.redw.lling
in ,h. l.nd a!ong.h. Mundary of the fence of
pand" .. wa. abund.ntandfull
ofstr.ngrh.Soroower.,hebodiesof,ho>c
who.tethuproduce .. rong.ndpowerful
CO"' .. UNTAllYONGIINE",s6.S.t .'
THE NUH.L. '" ARB" RacB OF G."NTS.
AUGun.NE:All,h.,wt,ndubi,.blrlmo,,'.
from th. au,hen,ic Scripture in tn. Heb .. ,,
andChri .. iantradi,ions.i,thefactth .. ,nrh.
period before th. f100<! there w"e m.nr
gian ... all of whom b.long.d '0 fhe e.rrhl)"
cit)"inhum.n.ocier).and,h.,th.rewer
0MofGO<ldU(end.dfromSeth,,noaban-
don.dth.irholin .... nd .. nkdo ... nintoth ..
ci'yofm.n.Ther.i.norhing.urpri,ingln,he
facr d,., gi.ntocould be born from men like
that.lnanycas . v.n
though ther. w.re more gi.n .. before ,h.
flood than in all.ub.equ.nt.g.s.Th., .,v.d
divine purpo" in ,hat therrevul In
whou .... ;.e ,h.: m ... boclilrrr. aSnlfUci nc
migh,hav. no moTOuluc thanhodilybcau. y.

Fllo .. F .. LL ... ANG.U UNI T I NG TO MO"TAL
WO ...... A .... OSE: "Thc tianu ( Ncphilim)
w.TOon.he urth in.hooe day"." Thc.u.hot
of.h.d,vlnc Suipturcdou nolmun.hat
tholcg.anttmustbcconlid .. ed, l ccord,ng'o
,hc rrad"iono("""u,lIlOnlof ,he e .. th"
but u.cr .. ,h.t ,ho.c whom hc dcflnCl with
l uch.n.mebccauuof thccnraordinary .i ze
ofthc .. body .... TOg.nc .... dby .ngcl nd
... omcn.Andlul.c.wh .. huby anychancc
the mcn who only tah carc of their body and
no,ofthctr l oul ITc.i milar '0 ,he Ncphilim
and at tl>e ... me tlme . O .hOK g,an .. who wc ..
born from theurth according to thc.alu of
thcpoctl .nd dClplled the authority of the
god. by confiding in.hc huscnc .. of ,hci r
hod).Mult w. rcallyconl ldcr udifietcn.
from gl.nu ,hou mcn who .. cycn though they
arc compo.cd of body and loul,dclpiu the
mo'p .. doul good of the lOul,that i ., th.
""""yo(.hc mind.andshow,hemlclvCl , o
b.,mltalor, of ,hi, flClh. a. ifconfirmingtha,
,hr wcnh .... of ,hettownmoth.r"l fool" h.
nc ... " They only I<rugglc in ... h.nth.y
bo.liue ,hat th' r will conquer.hc huven with
.hci.bolddutrulnd.hctrtlrthlracti"m ...
On the contrary, by choo.tng a lowcr w.y of
lif nd dcopi.ing the highcr lifc. the)' arc con.
dcmnedwithSca, .... vcri'j' ''ndtcr"rc
gui!t y o(volun,ary ,in . ON NOAN a.I."
STIl.NCTH E u CI TIA .... oo .... Cl.B .. SILTHl
GlluT:S.rcngthof .rm,.",innclSoffoo. lnd
comcli nu.ofbody-thc,poil,of.ickn . ..
and the plundcrof.ime-al l<) awakcn prid.
in m.n, una ...... u hc to .h .. "AII ncsh " gtUO
.nd.Uthcgloryof man u rh.no",."of.h(
fldd. Th( gt",, ;1 withered and the nOWet i.
fallcn:" Suchwuth(arrogancc ofdtc,ian ..
bcc.ulcof.hclf .. rcngth."Suchalso ...... . h"
God d( fyi ng ptide ofdt .... itl(" Golt .. ,h."
HOM1 LY'O,OfHuMILITl"."
""FC1 ... 7'i."Ariowo ................. _ ... ,-
-----.,. ......... .. -... --
-...p........-.: ..... .. _o.,..
""' .. ..-dot .. e..t.-z.... .... -. ..... .-.,.d.,. ..........
daboIu ......... ,... .. .w .......... '7tw.r...Iu'-'<.
Eo.. ''PlloUlS,CSE!.J2..4IL '10-. "G.. ... :w ..
, .. '"1_1''''1(1.
6 :; 7 THE LORD DECIDES TO PUNISH H UMAN
WI C KED NESS
LO&l> "'" lb. of ... ", ,r."t In lb " nb. Ib"l IIII"g;'
In. "fb" b,,,rt wu .vil '",,' inwa/ /J' Ana Ih, Lo .. " "'". 'a,,] Ih,,:
", had m"d. man on Ih, t a.lb, it gri. vt d bim ID hi l h."r:. 'S" Lo.n .aid. "/ "'ill
bl"r " .. : mu ",;,on I c,.IIled f rom jQc, of lb. "'" ... nd it.",; Qnd Hrt!,i"E
OVuvII "" Aner the union of the Ion. of
Scth with the daugh.enofCain, the wicked
neuofhumanlcind incrcase. {EpH ..... }. ln hi.
condcmnauon of hutnMlity God lhow. bo.h
sohc"ude and .. verity {S.uvl""THll'auav
T .. ). Godlanger.CJ<p. c ....
was "'''y .hat he had man: 'mplies no
incon"ancyorpenurbuionin.hedivine
mind. God doe. no. Ttpen. as humin beingl
rcpcllt.God.nnouncc heduthof.h.ani
mal . wh,char. no.guiloyof.in.c,!hcr,n
ord.r ' od.d.rt .... m.:rgn" .. deof.hecoming
d'lUter (AUGUST"'.) or beu ... e .hou who
h.d been udru.vdy.rca.ed for th .... kc of
m.nh.d toper i.h with him {A .... osl}.
6,5 The WiCkednw of HMlllanif)' Was
GrUf
CONUQUINC;U OF THB UNION BBT"'. '"
THISONiO,S.TH .. NOTHI D .. UGHTI I S
O.C .. ,N.E.H .... THISYIO.'AN'Af.erMoscs
lpoke aDou, the millh.y men' ",ho_rebotn
ill.o .he tribe oreain. whon women . v.n
though beautiful, ..... r. nev."hele,,"mall ..
,llIn.he lon.of Selh.hethen l lid. neLord
.... ' .h ... he wicked ne" of man wu grul in
.hcu"hand.ha vetyind,nationof ehe
.hough" of hIS hun was .I> .... yl .vil: (or in
.hY .... g'ven.oth.mfo ... pen'.nc. ' .h.y
h:odincr .... d,h.it.in . Th.w;ckcdneuof
mank,ndwugrc .. ,inth ... rth,,b., , cvil
utend.d.nd.pread throughout Doth rho
.rib . Theindm.tionofth.though .. of
thcirhurllw .... I .. .y. cvi1."for,h.".ino
wercno,comm,tt.donlyoccalionally, but
.h.""n . ... er.in ...... n,,N,Sh ndd.vtner
wouldno,deai"from.hitwickcd,hough"
CO .... . "'TAU ON GBNOS' S 6.6.1. '
GOD'.C ..... SO O .. .. NDSllv 'TT
TOW .. . DHu .... NS' N.SALV' .. NT" .P.BUV.
Tu,ulu.con.idcrhowbo,b,h.Jol'Cl'ud.
and le"eri'yof ,htLoTdar< .how".qulllyin
all thut wordl. F'r$t, he oaid,'And God ,,
th .. , tht w.ck.d"e" of man ,,'U grut . Sec-
ond,hc ... d,H .... a ouchedin"-ardlj'w;th
... rro .. ofbun."Thi rd.J will de ... o), m.n
whom I h.""crulCd.Jn ,h. fir.,.ut<mtn"
wh.r.'n" ..... id(h.,God .. uoll,h,"g . h
provid.n".JClTti hown.ln,hc.tat.men,
,h.,h.h,"lorro ... i hownh, .oo1r dt .. d.
.mid.he drcld of hi. wrath. Th tatem.n:
IDout h .. pun'"hm.n'.hm.,.hilnv.rttj ...
j .. dgc.HolrScriptun ... y . Godrepenred
.hat he had m.d. m.n on urth:Th" dM.
no,meanlh.,Godi.aIT .... dbj' fmo.ionOr i.
l ubJCC'!.o lnYf>l .. ion.R.,hcr h.D,Y,II.
Word.,o,mp"nmortfullj',ou"'ru.under
.unding of ,hc Scriptu ... , lpeak.u if ' in
term.o( hum.n.mo,ionl. l)y ,u,ns,ir.,e,m
'<p.n,an, God." ".howl ,h. fOTr. of God',
r ./,,,,,on.God.angcr i ., mp1r , b.pun,.h.
men. of ,he .. nncr. Go ... ....... OF GOD '.7:
GOD', ANGU.I .. . LIU ND P . ... T..,lI; ...
Of n i B Dr .. , .. M ' ND. AUGUSTI".: Gad.
'''g. ' ,mpl nop<'"utb .. ,ono(th.<i'l',n:

.en.cncc on IIn.And ... hcn GodF,hlnlu and
.hcnha ... condthoughu:.hi.rnutlrrnun
h ch.ngcabl. rcali,i comeintonlatlon
with hi. imrnuuble reason. Fo. God cl nno'
-ropen.:alh .. rnanbcing ... pent,ofwh he
has done. lincc ,n rog d '0 everything hi .
Judgrncn.i.asfiudashi.fo.el<nowlcdvi.
dcu . 6u.i.i.onlyby.hcUlcof.uchhurn.n
""pnu,onl .hll Scnp.ure can m.h III man)
lundlof ruden",hom i, ,,,.n,".ohclp,of1.
aI"wert,a,home.Only.hulcanSe,'p.ure
f.ightcn.hcp.oud.ndarou ... he.lolhful,
provoke in'l .. iric nd provide food for the
convlnced. Tbi .il pouibl.onl)wh. nScril'.
ru.egell.ighldowntothelcvtlof.htlowlt.
eJt.uden. C'TToFGoDIS.1S.'
WHY Do .. GOD A .... ou .. c;. T .. , O, .. TH OF
THIA"'MAL.IAuGusTI .. r:'WhenGod
announce hedu.hofallanimal. onth
... "h.nd,n,h ir.lhcinren"oni od.clarc
rhcm.gnitud.ofthccomingdi .... cr. Tbcrcil
,;onal.nimal. u ohough oh.,. wuc guil,y of
lin.C'TTo.GoD'SlS"
OUTIOT' D Bac ...... T HIT H"D
B ..
. TJ.AM,"oSl: FI",illblotoutmanandb ... u
.ndcrcepingthing ndbi.doofrhc.ir:
'Wh.r,ranlgrcuioncouldoh.irnuonalcrco
tu.u n ... Bu .,nCe they had
bc<:n ....... dfor.hcuktofman . fte hatfot
whom.heyh.dbecncr",redwuwipedou n
...... logicllthlf.hcy ... ercd .... oytdroo,
bcclultthc.cwunoone whocouldp.ofi.
from them. Tbi. i. aUo clear in I dcepu
Itn.e.Mln i rnindcndowcdwith'CllOn.
Man ildefined u. li.ing, mo,ul and rauonal
bcing.'When he, who is the princip.al elernen
di"'pp"'"n.ueryupeClofltn.iblclift:aUo
dt"pp"'"n.O .. NOAH 4.,0.'
n0'l .... .,onhercof puni.h,ngwi.hd ... hi ...
6:8 10 NOAH IS A RIGHT EOUS MAN IN
A CO RR UP TED WORLD
' B.II NOllh' in tht tJt' oftht LOIlD.
t Tbeu IIrt rht g,nmlliO"1 of NOli},.' NOli}, ' IVIII G .it bttOIlI man, bla ... dW-.n billt"-
m.llo,, Koa'" IVGlired will,' God. IOlL nd NOG'" bGd Ihfte 10"1, Sbell:, HGm,' lIndJaphetb.
O"n., , ... , No.h"trtu h,n .. Ih.ough Ih. TO .. }. Nolh".1 pc.fe u fie .. ''''!cn' of
",,,iup.cad ' 0"'''1',"0", of nil urn.,. Ih. CIty of God can be. pcrft:ct due,ng ,n." pi! .
grimage in this prcs.n, .. "hly lif. {AIJGus,
TINB). He was pi"u. by his own choiu al"
rim. when the obstad 10 virtu. were many
(CNIOYSO!lTOM).
6,g9NoAhFOMndF<lvoTwirh rh. Lord
NO .. H'. V, lt.TOB IN HIS COlt.BOPT!!!) T ... u .
CHlt.YSOSTOM:Th.Scriptu ... hav hownus
th.gravi,yofhumanwick.dne .. and th.
."veri,y of ,h. puni.hm.nt that had to b.
inl1i",.d on i,. They th.n po,nt out to n.<.h.
onewhoamid.uch.multitudehadbeenablc
to k""p".ince .. yir",e.Virtue in facri.admi.
rabl ..... nfori .. e!f.lf . om.on. culti,u .. vi.
tu. among ,ho who.du it. h. mak .. it
much mO worthy of admi,ation. Th.refore
,heScriprures.uthoughinadmira,ionofthi,
JUII man. poinl Out ,hccont.ur: . hOl only on.
man who,, .. !ivingamongtho.cwnoso-on
would nperi.nce the wrath "fGod"his
N""h.-foundfavo,.,n the.y of,h. Lord
God.- H."foundfavo,:bu,""hceyesof
God;nol.imply" hefoundfavorbuI"inth.
cy<sofrne LordGod:Thi. i,nid in order '0
sho'"u. that be had a.ingle purpo . ,hat i .
,oMprailedbyth"eyc.hatncvcrsl p.ot
r<:s .. , Hc had nOcarc for human glory or
scorno,irr.".rence.HoM,", uoNGi>lU'S
1>< WHAT AUGUSTINE
SpcakingofNo.h.our unerring Scrip,ur
reil us that nc",..as.just "nd perfecr in
hi. genera<ion: meanins ,hat h. wu pcrfect
".fatuci.izen.of,hecit)'ofGodc.nb.pcr.
fc"during,n.pilgrim.geofthi,p .... n,life.
no' . of .. c ... p.de<, .. tn.), are to h. If.
thatimmortallif.inwhichrhcywillbeup.t
f." u .h. ang.b of God. C'T\' OF GOt>
No .. " P, OUS "y H,.
TOM: Do you sec how th. Lordcreadou.
n",urc loenjo)'frccwiU'lmean, howdidil
h.ppcn.tcllme . harwnil.thol.peoplc
.howeden'hu.iasmfor .. ickedn .... nd.cn
d .. ed,hclJ\Jol" li.bletopuni. hm.n,.thi.
m.noprcdforv",uc . hunnedas.ocia,ion
wi,h,n.mand,hu.fel,no.ff.ofpuni.h
men,! 10 " nOl e'y". l d ,hal each p ... on
cho .. wickedne .. or virtue of his own volo
'ion:\"ou .... if.ha'w .. cnol 'h.n nd
fre.domdidnotnav.; .. roo ..
,nooc pcople would not hav.be. n puni.hcd.
norwouldo,hc ... ueivc .. ,..ardfor,hcir.ir
me. Sincc, how."cr,every,nmg ha.b.cn
allow.d '0 remam with our choice owing 'o
gracc from on high,puni'hmcnt duly "",.ito
tne .inn .... andreward.ndrecompen tho
who prae,icc"iffue-. HOM'"'esO'"GE"!SI S
llS '
I" NO .. H S OAU iT WAS EXTIlBMBL\' D,PF,
"tiLT TO lh Ih ..... uSS.CHIl .. OSTOM
Tnercfo.e.inprai.eofNoah.S<oriplurcno,
me .. ly .. n.dhim-bl.mel ... butadd.d
'''mong ,ne men of his day'fo make it clear
tha, n. "'u.o al ,h., ,ime when ,heob".d ..
,0vinueweremanj".Buidc$,0,hcrmcn",e ..
Hluotrious afr h,n'., yet he will h nO I ...
p.ai than they. For h. was blamc1 ... ,n hi.
own ,im . HO""llU O"JOH" 71.'
6:11-16 GOD ORDERS NOAH TO MAKE AN ARK
UNolI' 'ht tar,h was <OHlIpl ill God'ssigh'. and 'ht ear,h was fined wilh vio/tna. llAnd
God sail' 'ht tarth. and bthold. i, was corrupl; for all fltSh had corrllpud 'htir waJ UpOIl
'h, utlh. IJ Alld Cod said 10 Nooh. "/ hnt .:IlItrmillt.:l.o mAftr An en.:l of All fltSh;' for Ibt
tor,h isfillt.:l ",i,b VIO/tllct 'brougb ,hem; htbold. I will .:Itl"O] ,hem w;,b 'h' 'Arlb.
" MakeJourltljan ark ofgopb" wood;' mAk"ooms ill ,btArk. on.:lcovtT 11 insid, andOMI
wi,b pi"b. uThis is bow JOI/ art '0 make il; tb, leng,b of ,b, ark ,h,et bundrrd c"hlll. ;11
brradlh fiJ'J c"bill, and ill "tigh, ,hiTIJ ubill. '"Make a roof' fOT Ih, ",1:: . and finilb
a <"bi,abov,; and It! 'ht door oftht ark ;" i'llide: make it wilh lower, second. alldthird
dttlu.
Ov v, .... , of the 00111 of Soth.
after bc:ing abandoned b)' ,h.ir hUlband$. who
marricdthdaugh .... ofCain.lo.e thdt
modnt y. 10 that".1I f1uh coirup.ed in path"

corruption GD<I dec;d.d tOcaun a f100<! and
dc"rorallmcnucep,fo,No.handhllfam-
il)' {AOOUS1"' Nlj. Th. dimcn,ion. III ,h.
Icng.h.bread,h and h.igh, of .h r!r..wh,ch
GD<lordcnNoah.obuild.h." myltical
mun,ng 0 ""')' n. arl.:. in iu differ.n'
UpCctl.aymboli%<IJUUiChrillandhll
church (AUOU5TINI).
ALLFuIHCO .... U.T. D.E.H ..... TN. Sy ..
.. goingin'o
th.Qaughl.uofCam
thd,foral wiv., whom'''e,. had provioualr
uk.n.T".n.h"'.wlV oo.d"daln.dth.i.
ownconun.ncrandno,,.bc:cau.eof.h<:i.hu.s.
u. ndJ.qu,dtlrbcgan ro.banQon thc" mod
c,,,. ,,;"Ucn up until th.: time th' r h.d
for husband.s$ak(. lr ,$
bc:c.unof,h,$ wantonnco.thal ....

"Allfl .. i .. pa,h:Co ..... NT ... 1"
O",G'NIS, s6.).).'
GOD CoNOI .. N, HU .... NITY .0 .. V.'t eE'D-
Hus.AUGUST' WE:Som.bocIr may oay'o
m . "W .. Ad.m, cr .... d by God as ,h. fin.
",.nin th.original 1< ... of.h .... o.ld. con
dcmn.dfo,l.ckoff.i,horfor,in!" I,
,,uno.increduli,) bu,disobcdicnce ,ha,
... .. ,h. eau .. fo.hilcond.mn.l1on and tn
.. onwhy.lIh;.po .. eritrarepun;ahd.
C.in ,GQw'Icondemn.d.not for lock of
r.i,h hut Mcau .. he l.:iIl.d hi. broth ...
Vlhyncedln.kfurtherproofwh.nlrcad
.ha'.hi.whol.world ,,ud ....
incredu];tybu,forwick.dn.u.CHu'T' .. "
LIFEt).'
6:14IIIJtrllcr;o"JforMakj"gt/,tArk
MYSY'CAL MBAN'NG OF YKB D,MBN8,ONS
YKII AR". JUO .. B: W. read in Gene.i.
har.neark.hatNoanbuihwaothre.hun
d .. d cubi .. long. fift)' cubits wide and IhiTfj'
cubiu hign. Notice,nemy .. ical.ignificanc.
, of.h.numbe ... lnthenumberfifrj".pen.
anai ymboliudbec.u.etnefi ftieln
pulm of King D.vid i.th.prayerofni.
cepentancc. ' Three nundred contain.th.
.ymbolofcrucifi xion.TneletterTi.,he
"gn foe tnree hundred. wnence Ezd,ielsay .
' Mad, THAV on .n. fo hud of ,ho who
mOan: and do not kill any marked with
THAV: No on. marked wi,h ,h ign of the
crosoonhisfoTCh.adcanh'''rud,hy,h.
d.vil:h.i$ not.hletoeffae.,hi ign.onlr
.in can.Weh.v poken of rh. ark. of the
number fiftj. ofth. numb.rlhre. hundred.
LCf uscommc", on,hc number thirtj"
buau ,h.ark ...... thirtjcubitohigh.nd
fini.hed.bove in one cubi"Firot,w, repen,
i",henumbeefif'l:,h.n.,hroughp.nance.
w. arnve ,It the my .. ec), of.h cross: we
reach the my.t.c), of th. cro through th.
!,.rfcct Word tha, i.Chri".A m.tterof
fac,. when Je.u. ,,'u b.ptized. according to
Luk . h.w .. ,hirtrr .. of .g.: Th ...
um.thic'lcubiuw.rcfi nl $h.doffon.
cubit.bov . Fiflj.andlhreehundred nd
d,irtr ..... r. fini.h.d.bov. in on. cubit.
'
,hat
i . inon. f.ithofGod. ' HOMll.IuS4. '
THRAll" AS .. SnnoLoFCHR'STANOHIS
CHURCH. AuGIIST'NE;Undoub,.dlj'the.rk
is a s),mbol of the <i.)" of GO<! on i,.
in ni'tor)'. It IS. ,no: " . ,
saved by ,,",oodon which th.T< hung ,h.
M.dia,o, betwe.n G"" and m.n. him.df
mar..jnu, ,h. vu)' m'''uT<
menuofl.ngth.heightandbreadthof,heack
ar< mean'fopoint to the reali.y of the human
bod),intowhithhec.meaait..-uforClold
that he would come. \t will be recalled th., th.
length of. nocmalbO<!yfcomh d to foot i
.ixlime.th.breadthfromone.ide,othe
oth.rand",n time. th. thitkne .. from back to
fron,.M.a.ur.amanwhoi.l)'ingonth.
g".ound ilh.rproneor.upin . Hei ix
tim as long from head '0 foot.s hei . wide
fromlefl,o righ,orrigh,toleft,andh.i.",n
tim as longas hei.high from ,he ground up
Tha, i, why the .rk was mad. th.ee hundred
cuhiuinl.ngth.fiftj"inbr.adthand,hirtj' ,n
heillh,.Asforth.doorinth id . ,h ... uTcl).
.ymbolize. ,he open ,,",ound made by ,h. lance
in,h id.of,h.Crucifi.d-,h.dooebj
.hos. who to him enter m. in .he
,"n.efhatb.hevec
ofth. <acram.m. that i .. uedfrom that
wound. It,. .. order.d th .. the ar k I>e mad.
ou,of'quared,i mb.rs-a'ymbol of the four
.quar .... hiliryof.holylif which.lik
cuM . und.firmhoweve,i, .. ,u.ned.Soi,i,
"",,,h.v.ryo,herdetailof,h.a,k.consnuc.
tion.'O Theraceall . ymbolsof.omcthmgin
thethnreh.CtTYOFGoPJ$.!(i. "
'v......u,-alJbi>ioal ...........
.,...ondi<ot.-, .. th<F ........ "Th<""'r-li ... ,pW"' ......
__ .... u:x.
"Tnww. 'n.wJn-omt'-"P"V"""'"
..... 1'<f'<I''''''' ... r.. ... ''',J..'_'''th< ... m''''' .. w
........
........ theatl<,Al ........ ..i.e,_ ... """"'rtI<UI""" ....
.. ......w...,""" ........
"""' ... """ ...... """'llthe...;,.ChnIfwl ... n' .... wiIo!OOl:, .
.. .
...........,oho, ....... """I...-...-n.." .... F""F"rir ...
""' ...... aIi<py,;,." ..
bo&r ofG.n. d.w '" the ....
6:17-22 GOD INSTRUCTS NOAH
TO BRING HIS FAMILY AND TWO OF EVERY
SO RT OF ANIMAL IN T O THE AR K
" Fa.lrtl,old.J",illlorillg"flol>dof"''' ltfl wpalllbtr .. rlh,lodwr''1''Ufl',b,n",/,irbllfbt
Io"",h of lift fro,., .mdt. I,e"ven; tVU,I";ng 11, .. 1;, 0" lI,t r""b 11,,,// " Bw. J ",illtll""_
li,I, my cotle""nl ",ill, YOII; .. nd YOIIIl, ,,11 Comt i"l o lI,t "Tk.JOII .,OIl. ,011' wifc. ""d
'OIlT ",iVtl ",,11, JO ... " And of Cvt"living fb"fg of "u flub, ' Jail 11,,,11 brin: I11'o I>f
tvtrJIOTl "nolbt .. rl::.loltttP l bt m"lw(",ill,JolI: Ibc,lb"Ub.m"lt"ndftm .. !r. IGOflbt
birdl .. "".dinglolbrirltind! ... ndoflbt .. nim .. l!""ord;nglotb.i .J.indl.ofrtl"JfTttping
tbing of'br , ... wnd ""o.din: 10 it! J.ind, IWl> "fHer] lOTI lb,,1I Comt III 10 JOw. 10 kCCp
Ihcm "I,tlc: II AIJO I"kc ""Ib '0" cve.] 11>.1 of food 11,"1 i! uun. and no it wp; "nd It sb"l1
unt A!foodfo. JOu ""dfo. Ibtm:Z1No .. b' did Ibis; br did ,,11 Ib"l God co",,,,,,nd .! him.
ur_oI ..... ___ ... _ ... -'oI .... _-'oI .... LU_ .. -'_ ur,.
O" ... ",.w, God .nnounc., that h. will wuh
."-." wllh,,u.rlh.,,n .,fth.w.,rld {)oHt<
Of O ... M ... SCUS). The word. - I .... m ublllh ",).
co".nan, withyou- .. c.ddru.ed ,,,all , ho
who ... flgh,cO"I(AM.ROSI}_ GO<Iin.trllctJ
N""h,ob .. ngin.o,h rkhi.f .... iI,.N""h
h.p. h, l.on p.ral.dfromth.i.w, .......
lha"hu"'yc.nb'prcurvcdlh,o"ghout,hc
d.I",. {JON" Of O ....... scus). Noah aliO
c.i .... ,h.ord ... "bring''''oof .... ,., '''nof
anim.I. ,n,o,hearklnd,o .. o.efoodfo.,h.
petlodof,h.dd"se {Au<:u5T, ... }.nd,okup
,hemaJive ( EPHUM}.
6:17-E,'.ryll/i"g Th .. 1 Is 0" tl/rE4rtb
5h4I1D;."
Goo \\ U NU AW,\T TH. o.
S' ...... ,THW.T .... .. 5CUIi:
p'."ofGod ... o .. ed
:.;;:
., rlh. wa .... :' and., .. u.nd.gamSCt>p_
.1I ....... ifi .... o.h.f.c.th.t .. a' "pll.ify_
ing.hwu ... ilhwat.r'hatGO<I .. -aoh.d ...... "
th. "n ofth.wo.ldinlhedm .,fN.,.h.
OIlTHOI)OX F""TH 4.9 '
6: 18 Th. w"h No"b
T HU" WoaDI ADoauno TO TJt B R' CH-
TIOUI.A"uOII:Evcry .. ..
w'lh,h.dcl"gc andonlr,h.r'gh,eou.li ...
for.ver. Thw ,he word, - I will ublilh"'r
c"".nln,,,,"h y",,-are addrcucd ' 0 ,h. "gh-
,ro",.H.;llhehclrofd,v'neEnc . ,her.c,p-
'.ntof lheh ..... nl yi nhcritana.a.ha.erof
'hc ..
No..,' K .... H a So .. , SIIPA'LlTIID FIlO ..
TH.,. W' VIl.JOH .. O.O ...... scul:\\!hefl
N<lt ... .. ai
wilh
,he eanh. he w ... giyen th .. eommand, which
r .. on.,
your wife afld your lon" ",wu," H. "'I'", ... d
,hemf.omth.i.w;veo,lo,ha,w;th,h.hdp
ofch""'y,h.ym,zhte",apeth.oc .. fI,
del',hlafld,h .. worldwided uuctiofl
0IlTHODoxF .. ,TH4'S"
6:1921 Two Tbi"g
GOD 0.0 , No .. .. TO BIl ING COUPUI
A .. ... .. u INTO TOI l Au:.AUGUST'NE: A
furthe''1u.ltlon uk.d by th. curioul con
ce.n.thOulln)cr ...... ' maU.'ev.n,han
miceandh: .. d . uchulocu.n.beed . n .. ,
and.y.nn ..... W.n:the..,nOtmonofth.oe
,n ,he ark thin th. "umbe. pr.scrib.d by
God! Thos.,.,ho r .... th .. difficulty mu ..
fi .. t be rem>nded ,hat ,he word.",hlt creep
on ,h. earth"i mplr th.t there .. as no need to
preury.ifl ,h rk Inimall that liY ith.rin
th. ",a, lik. fi.h oron ,h. "' .. er .... ceruin
b .... h do. S"cond. th.,.,ord.$mal. and femlle'
'mply'harth ..... unon d,oluy.in,h.
arkJuchan,mal.u ..,nOlborn,nrheno.mal
"rbU1popuJatefroml'""ido.inan;ma ..
malte,. I O,ifrh.y ...... ,ntheark, rheycould
h.,.beenthe .. u,hr .. 'nou,hou .... and
no[,nanrddin".numbet.Onth.orh ..
hand,if , h ... c.edmy ... ryth.,waoth.re
be,ngen.cttddemandeddowntothelu:
numbe.of nonmarinelnimal" h.pe.f. "
accordofaymbolicfigu ... ndhlltoricalfact ,
thenGodtookc.reof,hll,nhi.ownwa,.and
didnotl ..
GOD,S,';,
K ... T .. ... Au ... .. E' ...... T .. BSYIl' .... :
Onthafaam.day.l. phant.cam.fromth.
ea .. , ap ... nd pea(ockoapproac:hed from th.
louth,oth.ran;malsgl1h.,. dfromlh. well .
.nd still hall.ned 10 com. from
north. Lion. came f.om rhcjungl .. ,.nd wild
bc .... arrived from the" I., ... Oe.r.nd wild
HO c.m. f.om the" l."d.,.nd .he moun ;n
beaJtsga.hered from thc"moun .. in .
\Vhcn.ho ofthl,g.n ... "ongath.rcd
[.o ,ce] .hi. novel "gh,." wll no
but rather 10 .mu.l" ,h""""lvu. ,n rh."
very p nc. the lions began '0 cn,crth k,
."d Ih. bulls, with nofea"hu i.d ,n "ghf on
the" h.el. 10 Ic.krio.lr.rw;th the lton . Thc

thehawuandthe.pa"owl log.thcrw;ththe
doves and the eagl ... Co ... ... ,. Of< GE"'.
",,6.g ... '
F(;J7cBO-9S . ....,... ..... -. ...... __ '-"'-7
--. .. ___
_ .n...tb.aoJ'.to<t-:.-,. oItiooo! .. -...-___

7:15 SEVEN PAIRS OF ALL CLEAN ANIMALS
AND ONE PAIR OF ALL UNCLEAN ANIMALS
Iht LOIUI soid 10 NOllb, "Go inlo Ibt ork. JOu lI"d 0/1 Jour bONltbold. for I
Ittn rb4! JOu 4rt rigblto .. , Ittfort m. ,11 Ibil gUI,rlllion, l Tokt will. JOu I.V,,, p4i.s' of 1111
dun onimllll, Ibt mill . IInd bil mlllt;' lI"d a p"ir of lb. ""imols 11.41 tr. ,,01 lb.
molt .. "d I." "'''I';' ' u d Jtv.n pairs' of tbt blTd, of Ibt oir IIlso. mill. lI"d f.molc! 10 krrp
Ibm k,nd alivr upon lb. faer of all Ibe .ar/b. 'For in daJ' I will "".1 roin upon lb
orlb forrJ dtJs and forlJ "'ghl l; ""d rvt'J I,v'''g Ibillg' Ibllr I modr I will biOI 0111
f rom lb. faIT of lb. grollnd." ' And No"b" did ,,11 Ibal lb. LOIW 1.".1 ,ommandrd him.
"=- "=.- .. - 1
O ...... 'HW' "'hen God command. No;oh 10 i. in Ihe bod,.1f Ih. mInd .. <"'1311' h. j
1o,n, 0 .hca,k:bt lymboh,.Urcommandl
th.rlgh'eoul to kth<"uth.wh,ch . mid
,bt dcJugt of paulono. wi1l dlrcn him to u1
vallon.Th. numb. " leven and ,woof the
p.inofclunandundeananimabrecelved
h.ptlnCLplCJofpcr
f,(1I0n and Impuf .. "on (A .. 8IlQU). The ark
r.uiying clean and undean animab prdig.
urel lhechurch, whoc h allo",.lhou whoarc
unc1ean '0 dweU u tareo "'ith th. clean onc.
brrcasonof . oleranc.andnolbccaunofa
, 0,alfa'lurcofdlsciphne(AUGusTI ... ). God
dca,I)'lhowl ,h<pcoplcofNoah" tnera.
tion Ihu Ih. d.lu," ".boul tn (Om . but
they do no: rcpcn' (E ...... >; .. ).
7:13 God Tt/[,No,bfoGo,lIfolbtArk
houleLlufc;thelou1i llafeiflh.loulil
un;njurcd: Ihc n .. hal", ,. un;njured. A ,cm
pc.ue mInd ' UI.a,nl <Y .. y pauion. (ontrob
Ih en.el ,rultllh.wordl.Thcrefor.God
juulrnyl tothcrighlCouI, "Goinlo:lhalil.
go.n.oyour.elr.ln,oyourm;nd.,n Ihe rill 1
I
ouu,dethu<udangu.lnlru.hif youhn<
bnninlid ynuar<",f.out , id.too,bccauu
whcnth.m",d,. th."r.'ghtforwardg"i"e
of the nlf. the Ihoughn arc righunu the
actiono arerigh,eou . l f noviccoblCure. lhe
mind. the ,bollghu u ... lllrwonh,. 0 ...
NOAH.L.)! .'
S ..... O LlS .. OF P .. , .. , OF Cu ... ", ..... 0
U .. C L ...... AN ...... U. A .... ou, U, U.IU
MU"'NG OF THi \Vo .. ","Go no,, why ;1 "'''" n,duedtha. , n male. and
''''TO A .. ,, ; A .... ost: B .. , a d.ep.r .e.en femalu of dun anImal . andt ... o mal
m .. iud. u. 10 b.lIevc ,ha, Ih ".nglh and two fe mal .. of undean ono, we .. rtcelved
of ,hc m,ndi n,hc.oul andthc.oul,nthe
_dYllwhallhcfatherof"famiJrio,nhi.
nou . \Vh. , Ine mInd 11 In th oul.th oul

.. rth
might be nourished. And. ao I bclieve. it i.
said that. dean week begins. since pure and

and genera,ed by no number. There-
fore i, is uid '0 be virgin. because i'g.nerate.
nothing from iuelf. and we ma)' add tha, thi.
i,uid with goodreaJon.Jincei,i. lacking and
immune (corn maternal childbirth and (corn
in<cou ... with femal . Th. number tWO. on
the other hand. i. no, fullbecau.e iti.
d;vided,andwha,i.no, full hu.om. void in
iu.lf. Bu,.h. number s.v.n i. full. becau
the week is like ,h. decade and i. similar to
that principal numher. becau.e the alpha i.
similar to th.t On. who alway. exi .... Fcom
him ,he virtu tha, are inever).pecie. tak.
their origin. andh)' him they aTt moved. ON
NOAH
T H B A" " AS CHIllST. A'" CMU"CH.
AUGlIST'NE: Le,u. recognize that th ,kp"'
figur.d the church. Let u. be the d.an be.St.
in it. Yet 1 u.not refu.e to allow the unclean
oneo fO be carried in it wi. h ,,. un.il the end of
,he deluge. Th.y w.r. together in the ark. bu.
thel' were not'<Juallr pleasi ng to the Lordas.
UvOt ofucrific for afte, . he del uge. Noah

unclean. But th rk "'u no, on.ha, aCC<lun.
.handoned b.fore.he time b) an)' of th. d .. n
bec,uoeof,he unc!ean.L'TTuS , 08. '
THES.N""" Is RBCIIVBD liT RIIASO'" OF
TOLB"A",c,.AUGlISTtNE:B)"hisprd'gura
t ioni,i.prophuied that in the church ther.

becau.e ofcoTTup. ionofdoctri neordissolu
tion ofdiociplin . Furthermore. 'he undun
.. " imal,did nOt hrcak their ",ay in.o ,he ark
through anypartof,hest,ucture. hu,hecaus.
integral ",hol . ,hey.n,credh),
theone .. ndo"l)'.ntr.n",h",he."hi .. "

7:4-5 NOllh Did AI the Lord Co"''''"nd. d
Go" SHOWS THATTHBDnuGB Is CO",' NIi .
EPHU", Snu.N: God granted one hun
d .. dy ... rswhil.th.ark",a$b.ingm.d.,o
th.tgencution ndllm,h.ydidno,repent
God,ummonedbusts,ha,theyhadnever
.. n and uill th.j' , howed norcrnOrS<, H.
c ... hli.hed ... ateofp.",. berw.enthepd
a,oryanimalo and ,ho.e who a pr.yed upon,
.. nd Ilill ,hey had no ...... God dclar.d Y"
$even more day. for ,hem . ven .f .. r No.h
and eoery creature had entercd.h. ark, leav-
ing ,he g ... of.h. ark open to ,hcrn.This i
wondrou.thi ng that nO lion remcmbtrcdits
jungl. and no of he a., or bird .. d
ill cu .. Although ,ho.eof .ha,
generationsa,,.lIthatw.ntonoutJid.and
in$id.th.ark.thcy ........ iIlnotp ... uad.dw
renounce .. d . Co"'MBNTARyON

'PL1.,197,CSELIZ.<lJ7,'FCI&lJ4.J7."FCZ13Q-31
'FC9U.o(J
7,69 NOAH GETS READY
FOR THE COMING DELUGE
,ix yurl ord ,he }lood of '"'''' WpOIl th. unh. ' And
No"h "nd hil IOnl "lid hi, lIIif' "lid lonl' him lIIenl in,o 110, arlr.. 10 u'''P'
,he "'''ttTS of Ihe }lood. ' Of dUll ui",,,IJ, "nd of "n;",,,1I 110", "re nol dun. "nd of hird,.
"ndof'Utr]lb'"glbQ' "rep' Oil Ib,trownd. ' ''ltO ""d,,,,,,. "''''' "ndf,m"le. "'enl inlO,b.
"rk 111;,10 NOQb. '" God had <ommuded NOQb.
O ......... ,.w,Noahp,.figu, .. Chri ... ndth.
wood afth. ark the ""'" wh,m carri .. '" '"
d.h""r.ancc.Thef..milrofNo..hintheark .... ,
pr.figur.auon of&:hc ChnJllan church (Aucus
TlN. j. I,,&:hc.rkrru:nandwom.na ..... p ..... ,.d.
and dUhmc rul ... ob ...... d in ,h. church in
Npdlm (C'lOJl.oFJEIt.IISAI.I Mj.
7,79 No .. b, Hi, F"mily "nd 'h. Alli mols
EnltrthtArk
NOAHANOTHIA."'ASS"UOUO.
C .. . UTA .. OTHINAT' O .... AuCIIST' .. B
Chd .. wual"'''prescn .. d,nN""h.andth.
warld.,n that .. k. Fo,why ..... all IIYlIIg
c, .. ,u, .. lhu, upinth.,.rkexcep, . al ignify
all the nuianl! Far God did nOt lICk Ih. cap .
bililj'ofcrullng.n.,,.v.ry lpee;ei of living
Ih,ngl.Forwbennocreatureiw.re,nui.I
.nc didhenol",)."Letth ... rthbring
forlh"'andlh.eanhbroughlforlh!Sofrom
th .... m .... "rccuh.m.d.,h.mlh.n. h.
could remlke ,h.m. God mode ,hem by a
word .... God could remake .hem by. wa,d.
T .... CTATU O"T". GO.PBLO.JO""9.H.: :
THII CHII"C ..
H' j Fu.,u.AuGUSTINE: \Vu na, Na.h.
holr man. who alone in ,he whole ract
,og .. herwilhhilwhol.hou"d."ry.dloh<
dd,y ... dfromlh.flood'Andilnollh.

Clcape ,he flood. wJ[;' wood {wh,ch.ymbol
the croul carry,ng Ih.m. TUCTATU 01<

M .. I< A .. DWa .. . " Mun Bs KIIPT SIIPA.
.... T. ' " C" UIICH.CYI.'lOFJ
... hil.wa'''ngfa

h. a,h.rI. lel men be with men Ind women
wllh wom.n. For now I n.ed Noah', ark , h., I
marhly.Naahandhil ... no,og .. h." .. p"
ruefrombilwife.ndhi,.onlw,vu.Fot
.llhough the .. kw",on.lnd.bedoo, "'1.
cl"ICd.y .. deco,umwuob,.,v.d.So no ..
.hough Ih. church doo ..... barred and
are.Uinlid I.tdlltinct;anlb.kcpt: m.n
with m.n, wom.n with women. Le! not the

'pi.ilUallicenlC. KcepingclolC'''I hcrlll
good rule. proy;ded . hlt palllOIl "kep'."
di .. ance. CnlcHn,cuLBcTuau,.
7:10 16 GOD CAUSES RAIN TO FALL FOR
FORTY DAYS AND FORTY NIGHTS
'OAnd af,n uv.n daY' Ibr walrr, oftbeflDod ,,, me upon tbe uT,h.
"In Ibes,xbw,,,ircdlbytarojNo,,b's' life. in ,heJCtond monlb.onl beltvenuenlb' d"y
of lb. monlh. on ,ho( day all Ibe foun,a;'" of grra' dtcp bll.lt fo.lh, and Iht windowI' of
,lot b."vcrlJ ... ert optn.a. J1 And ,ain ftllllpon Ibt .a,lh jorry a"y, ""a forry nigb'l. liOn
Iht vcrys"mr day Nooh ""a his 10"1. Shtm a"d Hom' ""aJophtlh. ana NoahJ "'ift and
IhtlhrttWlUtl0fbulons",irb,h.mtnltrtalht",k, ",btJa"dtvcryhtolt ""otaing lom

earlh.",ordingloiu.l:ina. tvtry bird o"oraing 1o ill.l:ind.cvr,y&"aofevtrJso'l. UThry
"'.", in/o Ihe "rk ",ilb No"h. IW" "nd 'wo of all fltlh in whi ch therr "'''' ,b. hrto,h of lif.
" Ana Ihry 110,,1 enur.d, m"ie .. nd f .... "ie of ,,11 fit,h, w'e" , ,n "I God haa comm .. "a.d him;
and ,b,Lo_oshlll in .'
OV . .... ' RW: The deluge b)' God demo
'matra,., how h. may ac,,,,ely 'n ....... n. In
earlhly dfa,u .... TH, Pau.rru.). God
bTlng' un Ih.dtlugc ru. forry d.y, 10 th. ,
oom.m.nandwom.nmigh,"illr.pcn,and
.omehow e".p' the .uin (CHIlYSOITOM). Th.
mo,,,h, and yeatS lI ,h. <ime of ,h. d.luge
h.v.thc ... medu,orion"ou,mon.h.a .. d
rears (AUCUST'N').
Anu ..... rybodyh ... n r.dm ... k.God
shuu ,hedoo. from m. ouuid. 1> ...., h. dou
not wan, Noah .0 M dJ .... -.:I by me sigh. of
.he d,"as,er (CH1t.Y&OSTOMj. Thon who have
rnon.obeouuid.rhedooranm ... p ...
/Tom b.uk,ng Lt down (EPHU"), Sin<
th. iamill' ofNoan ma, .nteU the ark cOllSllU
of .. gn'ooull . ..,m.p ... lml ..... nml.dforth.
ocu u . .. f .... n.o m.u d (j UO .. I ).
God doKd the an:from ""thou," not hy
... witn ... toh;.
.Imighf) (jOS1"lN M.UTH).
i:1012 Tht Flood Co ... " upan ,b_ Earl b
THII DRLUG. Paovu TH.TGOD I"T. '"

And I"C" Ih. foun
lainsof th.grca,d pw ... brokcnup . nd
.hcfloodg .. uofh v.nw ... opencd.And
,h .... nftllupon.h ..... hfo.lj"dYI.nd
rortynighu:And.l"tI.later:Andallfl"h
'n.d .... oy.d.h .. 'mo ... duponl ...... ,h:
L
And again. "And NOIh onl)' ,emained a!i n
Ind.hcrthltwe .. ",,,hh,m,n,hc.rk."' Her.
and nO'" J wil h.o alk th.m who call God
,ndiffucn, 10 hum. n Iff .... ",hc,h.r th.)
behcv.,ha: ",h"nm.h "hcrc ... d fo,
canhlyaff"l'ro or in rv.n.d in Ih.m, Govu-
"'ANcaPFGoP '. 1.'
W",y 0015 GOD B. , ,,, .. 0 ... THI DILUGI
0. FOITT D ... ,,! CHU.O,TO .. , Tbe fac.,
,oo,lhl,hcbrough.onthedclugcforfony
daYI .ncl n'ghu 11. furlher wonderful lign of
h .. l"",ngkinclnu . Hilpurpo inhil grca.
goodnn ........ . ha.lfl ...... om.of.h.mmigh,
com o .hctrscn ..... nd.lC.pc .ha"mcr
rUln,hav,ngbeforc.hc"YCl.h.lnnihil.,,on
of,h."pcc ... ndth.d .,ructlonabou o
o".rwh.lm.h.m.l m<an, lhtlihlihood 11
rh on Ih. fir ... d.y IOm. propo .. ;on .....
drown.d,.n.dcli.ionalnum .... ron.h ccond
d'y,.ndlik .... i.con,hc.hirdd'jandlOon.
H rcllOn for n ndlns It for forty days ... u
rh hcmigh.remo".from,hcmanygrounda
for UC\I$t. You su, had. "bun hil ""Ih .nd
comm.nd,hccouldh.v ubmcrg.d.".ry
.h,nsinoncdownpour.Jnll d,ou.officlclity
.0 h .. cnarac .. r;lf;c lov. h ..... ng.d for .... )'
of", .m.nyd.y HO .. 'LlIIO .. GINU'S
DU.A1'IO" Of 1'''' 1'010"'1''' 5 A",n 1''''11;5 AT
THIT, ... OFTHIDILU01l.AuGU5n .... ,1t1l
nn ... !lm.ln.uminclh vid.nc.,h"prO"CI
con,,;ncingly Iha, ,he bibl,eal y .... , 10 f ..
from hc,ng onJI' one nlh u lons .. oun,
wercprccu.<':Iy .. long ... h. prcs.en, ool.at
y .. n.l1", ,,tt,,.of,h"yunu.,,dinglYlng
Ihou urr.mcll' long lir pan . It i .... ,d,fot
... mpl.,.hat.ht flood occur .. d in
hundr.d.hy.arofNoah' .. lif . Su.no.ic.,h.
full ,u,,Tb. ",.1 ... of ,h. flood overflow.d
,hecarrh,n,h.llzhundrcdlhy.uoflh.lif.
of No.ah, on ,h. Iccond monln, in Ih. ' ..... n' y
.e,.n,hdrofth.monlh:No", .no", worcll
art,n.xphc.bl.if'yca,,,uoolhor:.nalit
, en of Ihem to mIke One of ou ... Tbll

d.y .
callcdayu,in.ndcn ...... gt} either h.d no
mon.h. 11 all,or if 11 h.d twcl"c monlh.,.hcn
uchmon.hco"lclhuch1dbullhrccdays .
Ho .... then, [an .. eJ uplain the wo...u of.he

ondmonlh"nlh.,,,,enry-Ieven.hd.yof.h.
mon.h." unlUI ,he mon.h. men ",Ut ,h.
lime .. mey ... now! Tbe .. " no om .. "'ay

hlvehad.abcg,nn,ngonth.<wen'y'
day of.he.econdmonth. ClTY Of GoP 'S,I .'
7, 13- 16 Tb, Sbut Noa b;" Ib, Ark
Goo E""ulI;lS NOAH', W.LL-BII ..... CHU.
S05TO .. , The .n'locs on, Th" Lord God
.hu b rkf.om.b.ounid . Nouetin,hi.
place loo Ih. eonlid.r en ... in,h xp ...
lionGod lhutlh .,kfrom,h.outlid.;,o
tcach ullh.lh. h.d.n.urcd ,h. good man'.
(ompl ..... f .. y,Th ..... onforadd,ngfrom
ch.ou."d..oh bu'wUlha,.h.good
m.nm'gh'no.Mlnth.pol,,,onof .... ing
.h.d'lutcroc(urandluff"."ng."cngrcuer
di .. r .... ! mean,ifh.b...,.,d.d over Ihlt tcr
ribl.f100dand 'Cli ndcliblyinhll m;ndlh.
clCI .. uclionofch.humanracc,.h.complc ..
.nnihil .. iono(allb,u .. bca.uand,h.di .... p
pcaranc.,II"",cr<,ofpcopl.,animal .. a,,"
.h.urrh ,.ulf. ht would h'''CMCnd, .
,urbcdand.ng .. "h.d.Ho"'LlIs o"GIN. '
s .. .
Goo SHun TH. 00011; To P"'''''''T T .. ou
OtlTlIDI'lI;o .. B .. u"",,.,,I,,,.E'HU .. THl
ohu: .n.doo,befor.
Nnah."len tho.e left behind comeat.hr.ime
ofthefloods.ndbreakdown.hegateoftbe
ark.Tbedtlugec.me.nd"Godblouedoul.1I
fle.h.OnlyNoah,.,asleft.nd,ho.etha,,,,ere
withbimin,he.rk." The . pring,oftheaby ..
.nd ,he floodgate. ofhuven wue "pen forty
day ndf""y nlghu ndrh. "o.kwas.flool
f"."ne bund.ed fiftyd.y.:'
o"Ge,us.s6.II.l ,
H ow TH. All>: WU CLOS.D "1l0M \V. T"
OUT.JU5T, ,,M""TTI,"G,,ddosed.h ... k,,f
Noah from without:' You should no. im.gine
th .. theunb.gouenG"dhim.dfde .. ended
or ucended from any pl.ce. Fo,.heineff.ble
F her .ndL"rdofaHnei,hercome.to.n)
place,n"r ",.lks,nor $leep., n",.ri.e., bUI
.lw.ysremain.inhi'pl.ce,whereve,i,ma)
h<:
oreaubu.wi,h.powerbeyonddescription.

WHY CeIlT .. , ,, Allti T 'TLeD" FoR
T,U OCTAV,,: Juo.u: [We..,e ,ha, ) eerUm
p lm retided"fortheocuve: Thisi.rh.
day"n which the.yn.gogu.com .. '0 an end
.ndlhechurchisbo,n."Thi'i., hedayin,he
number of which eight.oul. we .. pre.c.ved
inthe.rkofNo.h,.nd"itscounterpart",,<
church:.ay. Peter. "no,,'uve. you,"" Ho.,,
LIU93 "
' G-7.;<. 'FC91,HI. 'G.<.H6. "FC6.J.OS. ''Th<<!oy<<
_"n-bon.th< .,..",d.j, ",, ),21. ''FCS7cWl.
7:17-24 THE DELUGE COVERS THE EARTH
" Tbejlood con.inuedf(>Try day!' upon rh! .anb.and rbe warer>incr!aud. and borr up
rb! arl:. and ir roH high above rb! Nrtb. " Tb! waur! prevailtd ana incre"ud guady "p"n
tbr earrh; and !br ",k jloaud on th facc of tbe wafeT!. " And Ihe waleT! prevailed!o migbr.
i1Yllpon theeartblbatallrbcbighmollntain! undertb! wholtbeaven Wtrl (ov/TelI,' Othe
water! prevailea aoov! th, mountain! . covtring tblmfiftIC" c"bif! acep. " And alijl"h
dild tbal moved upon tbl .arlb, bird!. "'Ilk beam. all swarming "ralurc' Ihat .warm
upon tb! earlb, and every man; ::evtrytbing on tbe dr)' land in wbolt nOllril. wa! Ih,
brlatb of lift aird. ll HI blotua our rvery living rbing: that wM upon the fa" of tb, ground.
man and animal> and creeping tbings and bird, of tbe air; they were bloma oll r from
cart;'. Only Noah' wa,leJ:, and tbell tbal WIre witb him in rbe 2'And Ih , wal l" pr.
vailrdupon IheraT!h" hundrtdandJiffyday>
!.UMIo ............. '=........., ... _ .,(_ ) LUNo<
O .... V' ."" Th. del"g<' <o".n.he . n",. urth
.nd
Only summit of p.radi .. is nOI rached:
h< flood "OP'"irs foo.hill. (EPH .... }. Th
n,.nco"Eve.yrhingon.hedry Ilnd in who
nos .. .... o
hying erca",'" {AUGUST""'}, Th. deluge
.ymboliuo Ih. judgm.nl of God IhatlhoK
who rep"n. wiU esa.p" (jusn ... MAlTn.).
Th.fony d.y.prefigu.u.h ub .. qu.n.
"'. ofbap".m during Qu.d.ag<'lIml h.
fo"y dal"ofl.<: nr (M""'''USOfTu,,, ... ). ThIl
h. Lord lovu,ighou,n." and hll .. iniq
ulfy "mad.ma.nif.n .hrough,h.d.l ug'
(lh"I).
1: 11-20110. Flood COJlli,uw!or FOri]
Do,.
T HI Fo.,l' D .. u P .. IFlGU"'" L .... ' .... "
... MIIK1"'USOf T.U., ... :Rutl.tu
... h .... hi.mo .. . IC .. dnumb .. offonyd.y.
hdll. b'ginning.W.r .. dfiTlfin.h.Old
Tes"m.n, ,h .. In ,h im. of NOlh. wh.n
cTlm, noj",,,kcdn . .. h.d .. ,=.d.h.whol.
.. pou .. dfonh

umlny d.l"" In I kind ofmy'I<Tlou, imlg.
ofQu.drag .. im lhi.inunduionof.h.
c. "h r.f ... no,.o much ' 0 a flood I . ' 0 bap
" "m.' Thi . wu dea,I)'. b'p,i.m In whi ch .h.
w,ckedn . .. of I mn.U wO! ,emo"cd 11.,(1
No.hl tlgh,wusn." p ... ",ycd. I'o"h, s ,,,-
Lord hu ul forty .brs
no ... U w.U in imi'a"onof,h .. "me. 10 ,ha,
fo. lhi.numbe,ofday whil.,heh .. ycn.
areo?"n.d. accl.s<i.lra,no: m"cr m'llh:
pouruponu n(l,,,i.nrh,flood . h,,,a ,
or .h .... inll" .... Il ngmigh,.nlighlCn u.' in
bapllAm .nd-u ,,'U the cu
... .. nAm'gh: "''1u.nch.din
u. by ,uum. of ""nu .nd ,he.
n ..... of Our .. inu .... For ,h,
Ihing i. at i .. u. wilh 10 N .... h
and inou,owndar:bap,i.mi nood. o th
inncr Ind I consecration ro [hefai'hful: by
.h,Lord, wuhing ight<ousn ... isp

S ... MONSJO.:.'
THI Duuo.CO ..... s T H a EllnH. CH.Y'
SOSTO.,: I, i. no, ... i,hou'purpo'" ,ha,
Scrip.ure all ,hi,.o u . In" .. d
iupurpo,. i,foru o I,arn ,na' no. only
pcoplc.cattl fou,foo dbeulland"p,iJ"
",."d.own.d bu,alt.o ,h. bird. of h .... en
.ndwha.ev(,inhabi,,,d,nemoun'ltlU.
nlmely n'm.l ndo,h .... ild cr""'u"
H.nc.lh.,u, .. y Tbefloodro .. fif ... n
cub". l bo .... h.molln' .. n': fo. you ' 0
1 ... n,ha',h.exccu<ionof,h.Lord n
rcnc.h.db n.ff" .. d. H ... i(l cm.m
..... Af", .... " mo .. day.l ... iII
delug.upon.h anhan(ll ... iII""pcoff
,h. faccof,h ... "h.U,h. li f.I haYcm.de.
from h .. m'nb",ng.,otattl and from rep'
ril.".o b",u of h ..... ,,:' So Scriplu"nar
... u,hll no,.impl, '0 'Clch u h.flood
Icycl" bu.lh"w.may beabl.,ound ..
14'
... ndalongwi.n ,hi.thll .h ...... ulb.o.
lu .. .. f, "anding_no ... ild
b.uu. nO .nlmah. no talll.-.uh ... co.ry-
.hing",u lnnihila ..
m.nrlu. S1ncc .... .. fo.,h .. ,sakc lhOl111
.h ... c ......... hadbc.ncrca .. d. withlh.
Imm'n.n.d .... uC(ionof .he.hum&n ... ' nj!.
il .. ufilting.ha: , h ... cru.ur .. . ""tho .. ld
'Cf,c...1,1.:II.1.'ef.' I'o< ,,zc,Z:_ 'The ""' ........ bop<_
.. ..........-._ ...,-_._.. <low .......... ....
..IdIoof .. ___ ... ''''''
- '-
mnl Iheir end. Then. ann luching 1,1.$ . h.
g.eathe,ghl .nchedbylhef100d ... uerJ
andthefactlhutheyrouafunhe.fineen
",bi" above .he mounuin pub. it funhe.
add. ou. of fidelity '0 i"charlclerinic
p.eci.;on. "Thereperi.hedall f1nhthal
moved on ,he unh-birdl. In;m.b. every
rep.ilethu moved on ,he ear<h. every hum.n
being_every.h,ng.hl.hadbr ... hoflife.
e .... y,hingondryland:.llper"hed: ' ThI.
wI, no.lnidlereference;n,hcword,"e .. ery
.h,ngondryllnd":inllcld.;"purpo"ewu
lotu,hu"ha.whilto.he .. pcri.hcd.thc
jUllmanw;.hutryoncin.hearkalonewaJ
..
o .. u Till S" ..... T OF P ...... "'.II NOT
RUCH.".' THS Ftoo".E'N .... THI
S,., .... ,
Wilh th yeofmy mind
Ign.duponpar.di.e.
The , umm;, of cvef) mountain
"lowerlhan" ummi.
IhecrefloftheflOO<l.
reachcdOllly,ufoothill .
.hel." k,uedwi.hrevetencc
befOrfct\l unb.ck
.o,,. hovelnd.ubdue.hep"ak
ofcve'l hill.nd mountain.
Th. foo,hilllofpa .. di.ci.kiues.
whilecv y,ummititbuffen.
HY .. N50Nl> ....... "'u' ... .'
7:2122 All F1t1b Ditd
THB BB .. TH o. L,n.AucuITI NI: Th.n.a
l"tl.fu .. hcron,nthe .. mebook {Genc ... j.
one couldJu .... e.sil) h .... noltccdthcv ... e
"Everythingonthedryl.nd.nwho noltril.
", ... hcb ... ,hoflif.died:Thil mUnJ thlf
.... rydung.h.,IJV.don.h . .. rthpcr"h.din
[he flOO<l..ThI,l.$ w. find that Holy Sc:.ipt\lrci..s
a"Ullom .. d.o ..... bo.h phr-ue.- "Ii. in
Jou[".nd"lhebrulhoflifc"-inregardcvcn
'0 Oeall ndin ,hcv .... eA!lIhingl .... hercin
therei . thebrea. hoflifc",heG<ecktutdou
not ul. Ihe word bUI C ITY o.
GOD I).> ... "
TH. DnuG.Sr ... oLl ZB5TH.)UDC ... Nr
OFGoO.)UIT. ",M.uru:\Vhenthe.acred
,u' llate" hat,he.n[itecanhw .. ,nun .
dated ... ,he ...... , r ... ch.d. h.,ghlof
twenlyth<u feet abov. thehighut mOun
tainl . it I.uiden h.t God ...... nol . pe.king
toyou.land [lh.ti, . ln..,l j ,nparlO(u]ubu'
to all IhoK who.rc failhful [0 h,m. for whom
h.h .. a ... ngcdarestfutha .. en,n)cru .. lem.
AUth",'gnl,ha,accomplnl.d.heIlOO<l.
p<ovemy ..... ttion.f<o.b),h .. up ... n 'on by
water l nd faith.nd .wood"" " i. ind"at cd
that thou whop p .... hemsel .... . nd
rcpcnloflhe"fln h.Uucapcthefulur.
judgment of God. Du,LOG'" WITH TU'No
'1
1
."
Lo .. ., l.o .. u R"::HT.OU .... 'u. H .. TU
INIQU.Ty.BI02:W eadinthcnoryofholr
Noahhowhcminculouslyucapcdthcflood
whichdutmy.dlhci mpiou. b)beinpr ...
. .rvedwHh hi, hou ... hold in ,hc a. ).;." From
thi'H 11 evid.n, to.v.ryone that the Lord
who lovu "gh,.ou.nuo Ind hit .. ,n,'1u"y"
know.ho,, .oddwuth'p'OUlfroml.mp"
,iOllandto punllhth.;mp,oUJ wothlhrpun
i.hm.nlthc) dc rv . .. . Through.ptrltual
'c;.., ''"ll:. 'FC12,,)J-oo."HOP7f.19.
"w .. ,Oo< "C.-60'H9 .. "'.s,, ( .....
.hillame rnr U Ihown ro bt
fu.JJofmo..., crcdmy ... riu .... henrhe .. kil
di"e.ned u, lignify .heu.hol,cchllr<h: " rh.
"'a'crof, h.noa-d. bap,i l m:,hc dunlnd
uncl.an animal,.' ,hol' in ,h. church bo,h
'pir;11I11 Ind (lrnal: ,h.,.,ood of ,he ark
... hidl ..... I moorh with pneh. "
.. ... , .. ultof
their failh. ONTHB TUU.NACU '.7.69. "
--------------- "
8:j; THE OCCUPANTS OF THE ARK STAY
ABOA RD FOR A Y EAR
' BII! G,d reme",b.red Noab' Gnd GIl tb. and all tb. ,atrl. ' w.f ... itb bim in
tb. And God ... ind bloll' ov., rb "'Ib, ""d tb. wale'llllblidcd; ' tb.follnl"i"l
of tb. dup alld lb. "';lIdD"'" of tb. "UV'III wcr. cloud. lb. ,a;n from tb. b.aV.nl "''' '
' ,,"d Ibt "'4.cr, r.ctd.dfrom lhe ."rtb contill .. ally_ At lb lId of a bWlldru! "nd
fiflydGYI lb .... "Irrl b"d Gbaltd: ' IInd In lb. monll" on tb. irvtntttntb
t
dllY oftb.
monlb. Ibt "rk ,a", . 10 rtll "pon rb. mOUIIIII;nl of Ar","!. ' Alld Ibt ... au" (onunw.d 10
IIb"ltwllrillbtl.lltb molltb; ,n Ib.ltnlb mOlllb. or. tbtfiWd"yoflbtltlonlb. lbtlop' of I
.brmounlll;nl .... r.lttn .
uu;r<o. .I.U ... ... ..... _ ... .... _ ... 1.U_( ..... _ l ur _ _
0" ,,' . ... , The love of God accompanIes CHU.OSTO": Sce how God did evcryrhins
No.h and.1I ,h. o<cupanu of rhe Irk Out of 1., I ",.um for .he human bting. Al ln
.hroughou,.he deluge Tnt ,heClu of , he dc",ucrionofhumlnbt,ng.,n
wind ICIII by God II .he Holr Spi". the flood ht du.royed 0.1&0 .. Long wlfh Ihem ]
(A .... on). Th. ark rcmainl ano ... for l SO rang<'ofbrure be ... " .", In .hll c",
day . ""I ,," occupanrocouLdnOILu
y
tll
btfor.36S dIY(EpH ....... ).
8:1 3 God R.m. mo.r.d Nub
1
him.h. uttndl h"g""dne5l Io ,h nim.l
kIngdom U ..... L1. wild bea." . Ihe .. ,.d. i
and Ihe rep,ilu. "God .... as mindful of No.h; j
th.,u' ''''Y'."andof .U th. wild btas ... aLL ,h. 1
... "w;th him
inth.nk.God ntawinduponth ... rth.
and th .... ... r.ubsid.d .. B.ing mindful of
Noah. th. tex. uy . and ofthos. with him in
th.atk.h.dir.credth.f1oodofw ...... ohah
.otha.litd. bylittl.h.might l ho ... hi.ch.c.
acr.ri .. klov ndnowgiv.th.goO<!man.
breath offresh.i . free him from the turmoil
of hi. ,houghuand cts'Oce him to I>!at< of
tranquili.ybygranringhim,h njoym.ntof
d.ylight.ndabrearhoffruhair."God nr a
wind upon the.arth.and ,h .......... ub.id.d.
Th.lOrr.nlSof,h.d.p,h.and,h lui"galC$
of h.aven were .hu. off .. HOMIUU ON G""l'
SIS
THE W , ND StiNT BY GOD is n u Hou
SPIRI T.AMBROSE: "And,heL<>rdKntabreach
ovec ,h. eanh and ,he wa ... lub.id.d: I do nOf
beli.v.th.tthi.h be.nsaidbecauseund ..
th.nam.ofbr.athw.mrhinkof,h . ... i nd.
In fact th. wind had no po"'cr '0 dry ,he del
ug . Oth.rwi th . .... whichi. mov.d .... eCJ
da)' by the wind . would become .mpty. How
wnuld,h becom.emptrbecauscofth
".ng,h of ,h. winds alon.1 Isn't ittru. thal
,h"'ceng,h ,hat nvcrCame the deluge spr.ad
all owr the unh ,n th ..,-called ColumM of
Hercul.,'andth. ,ast.eaboilingov.tth.tnps
ofthchigh.stmountain.!Ther.isnodoubt.
,hcrcfort"ha"har ddug. wu Jub.idcd br.h.
i,,,,isibl. power of the Spirit. not thrnugh.h.
wind .... uchbut,hroughdivin.in'.rvention
ON NOAH ,6.S8. '
8:3-5 Tht W<llersAb<ll td
DUllAT'ONoFTHKDn uGB. EpHUMTHE
Sn "AN: The.pring.ofth bys< and th.
f1oodgate.ofhcav.n ",.,.npcn fony day. and
fortynight nd "th rkwuaf1oatfnc one
hundred fiftydayo." Bu,after nnc hundred
fifty day. th. Wat.rs began tosub,ide and the
.rk cam. '" rest on M,. Qacdu. ' In.h.tenth
.... n
In Ih hundred and fin, y.ac. in the firs.
month,lhefi .. tdayof,hcmon,h"h.wat ...
w ... dri.dfromoff,he .. r<h.In the cond
month,.hat i . lyor.on ,h. twenty . v.n.h
d.yofthemonlh.,h .... c.hwl$dr): Th ....
fo .. .. ninth.
arkth ...
v.n ... n,hof,h ,ondmonth,th .. i . lyor.

th. fnllowing year, according to the lunar
reckoning, th.re w ... thr ..
fiv. daY"No';c. thcn tha,c".n the genera
tionofthehous.ofNoah.mploy.dthisreck.
oningofthreehundr.d'ixty.fivcd.oysin a
y .... \Vhy.h.n.houldyounyth.tit\\uth.
ChaJdun.andEgyptian, ,.,hoinv.ntcd.nd
GINHSIS
6." . 6.,::.,.'
'R;c. ISI. 'Now .... __ "n'
........ Omrtoflh<....ni,'Pl.14'00II:csa
.. mlo<..a""
.... ""of .... a<k .... "" ... ' .... ..,'''''M'.Qo.du. .. ...m....
1,"'1' "FC9"'f'''"-
8:6-12 END OF T H E DELUGE
OAr rhe uld do]. Noob' opened Ibe lIIi"dolll of Ibe art ... birh he bad IIIodr. ' and
unl a a"d ir wenl ID a"d fro' IInlif rhe walers were dried up from rb. tarrb,
'Then be unlforrh a from him.' Jee if Ihe walefJ bad lllb.idrd Ihe face of IIw
groM"d; ' bMr Ihe dovc plaer ID HI hu fOOl. a"d sbe Tcl ll rlled ID bill! 10 rh. ort.for
tht wOltfS wtrt ' l iII On lb. fACt of lb. whol. urth. So h. pilI fOTlh hi. blllld and lOOt bu
and &rollghl h .. inlO lb. II rt will, bill!. ' OHt wailed IInolb.r do], . alld again bt ""l
foTlb Ibcdovt 0111 oflbe art; " a nd rhe dove CAll!. bAct 10 bill! In Ibt tvrning, Gnd 1 inb.,
A fft.hly plllettd Irof; ,. NOG!.' kn ... , Ihal lb. wOlen had , .. &.id.d frOlll lb.
urth. uTb.n h. wailed ollolh., Itvell do] and .. Ill Iht alld .he did nOI mllTn
lohilllally more.
o ...... "' ... 'Theraven .... hich,, lenrfo.rhby
No.h.i. h id cap.iv. by glu. tony and don nOI
retunl ,o.h rk (PauDI..-rIIlS, CH.YSOSTO .. ).
Th .oven ' Tmbol,zu rhos. Chd'"an. who
havingbeenbapr;udhav.goneutral'
(AUGlln' .... Bloa). Th. d""r . ... h,ch No.h
.end. aftrt.h ... ven.bring n ol,V. brand,
.. vul.
,h .. ,h.delugch ... b dbutalJo .... ymbol
ofth.p.Dm ...
TI1"I}. The dov. i,a.ymbolofthe Hol),Splm
(A .. llOOn.B.ol). oftheal>Din"ngbyoil,n
chtllm ion (SI"') and of Ch, ill (MAX1"IIS
"F TURIN). The end of.hr deluge can be com
p ... dwithrhrrndof,hrpc,,,,,cullon. th.r
.ho ..... holiv.;nChri.th.v.rolufl' .. rin.h.
wD.ld ( AuGUSTlNI).
T ... RAVE ... D' D Noy R .Tu . .... B. OE: Noah
",anltd '0 knou' ho'"tinng. 11""'; on th. f.a
ofrheearthwhenrheillulldniOllh.dco .... ro
an end. and he lenrfor<ha r.ven.whkh
Komedroretum.o rhe.rk.' lIgnif'y"",.ho ..
who . lrhoughrhe) havrb.<rndun. cdbrrhe
,, ..... ofbap.i.m,ne".coh.les.sneglecrpul .
ungofl'.he""rrbl",kdrcH oftherrold..,I,.,
brlningmorefauldeulr:andlr",her
duervetob.rellcwedby,he.noindngof,hr
HolrSp'rit . rheJ onccf.n .... a), fromthr

lowingu. etior Ihing rhat i the dUI.es of
,h ..-orl<i. Ho .. lll' l.".'
THII R"u ... DOli NOT R ITU .... TO TH E
A ignth" Ih. flood had abaltd
th. dovr u no'"bringing
Rack.o,he ark,nh"b .. k
,hcbuddinggrccn branch of an olivc.
Forthc tavcn.hdd captive hy glullony.
d ungtofo"lbo<!i u.
Whilclhedovebrough,b .. ck
.hegl .. d.iding.of p ... e<: .ha' .. .. s'vcn.
Scv<u no .. SACUO HI$TO .. " ).'
WH' THB RA".N DID NOT CO" . BAc".
CHRUOSTO .. , Butfor th.prcnntw. needto
... hr thcbird (thera ... n]
dldnotcom.b .. .... ithth."""1"$
.ub.id' ''g hcb"d.b<c,ngunck .. ".happ<'ncd
upon corpse. of m.n and b . ... ".nd. find,ng
nouri . hment,oit . liking"uytdthcr.in"
..... uldh.v. b<c.n.omethingthatprov.d .ob<c
nolrnle.ignofhope .. nd.ncoungcm.nt for
,hejult m.n (if.h .... enh.dre.urned].
Ho .. ....
T ... T,.ISOM. SOUNO OF THIIC. O ... .
AUOlIsnN" Yo"oonutk"owwh.n .ha.l.ut
hou.i.goingtocome a"dy., youuy. lam
.. forming: \\'hen ....
\Vh.n are you go,ng toch .. ngcl - Tumurrow;
you sa). Ekhold. h ..... onen you uy:Tomor-
ro .... 'omo'ro ....... Youhav ..... llyb.:comc ..
cro,,.Bchold.I"'y.oyouth ... ,,h.nyoum .. 1
th. nor.., ur .. cro .. ruin il .hrut."ing you. For
th .. 'crow wh .... u .. .ngyou 'mit ......... n.funh
from ,h. "rL: .. nd d,d no, r.turn. S . .... ONS ON
THiLITURGICUS .... ON.U ....
T .. CL .. B"ANCH SY>.IIouo:: n E.-Ma.
LAliTING P.ACIl.AuGU'TI"l, lt io not diffi
, ult . o whyu. rlaltingp ... ' ..... gnifi.d
b,th.oli,.branchth",hedove.rClurn,ng.
brough,back tothark. For we kno" that the
.moo,hl urfaccofuili. not .... dilrhind ... d
by .. diff.r.n'li'lu"!.And,h.o!r ...... r .. elf
i.forcvcrin lcaf.C ... ,ST'A" I .. , TIlUCTrON
.'
T .. s 0 0"1 AS A S .... aoL OP TNI HOLT
Sp,arT. A .. non, Th.oil i. no, for ,h"yn2
gogue it don not pouu h. oli ..... nd
did no, und ... und ,h. dove tha, brougb'
Nclt.htoL,ft bran.haher.h.nood. Fortha.
dove deK.nd.d .f ... wards.' wh.n Ch.i .. wu
bcingb .. p.i,..d .. nddw.ltwithh,m.,.. .... hn
brough.w,.nc",n,heGoopeluy,ng, -I . . .. ,
.h. Sprr1td .. ccnd,ngfrumhcav.nu .. duv .
andit r.main.dupon him:' LITT.a s 40.". N
T .. . OU .. I B ...... c ... S. oE:Ah.r(.herav.n]
h n' .. doy .... nducam.,oh,m'n,h.
cv.nr ng, c .. rrying in UI mouth an oIiv.branch
with gre.nleavc . "
\"OUI .. b.:liev . and
.. ith your' nt.Uec.)'O".no"p ... rn .... 1
Ipulr..The oli ... branchwi.hg ... nluyc ...
.h.g ce uf.heHolrSp;m ich,nth . .... o.d.
uflife. th.fullneuofwhichrulluponChri"
( ... ] thep ... lm ... ys,GodrourGod.hao
.norn,ed you wuh the oil ofgLadn above
your f.lIow,:" Conce.ning ,h"gif. g,vcn '0
Ch., ... l fdlo ......... hn .p"'ru' \"ou h .. ye.h.
"noln"ng from.h. holy on and you kno .. all
thing.:" And br a moot beautiful conJuncuon
,hcfigure i. inagre.m.n, wi,h.h. fulfill
m.n, _acorporul doyeil roughtthcoLiv.
branchtoth<arltwh,chwu", ... hedt.,tb<

in ,iI.fo.mof.,orpo .... ldo ..
.... h. n h. wuhap'ilCdin.hew u.of . h.J .. r
dan. Not onl)"tht human b.:lngs but a1soth.
...... 'l'C)loIIl"FC
201' ........ ........,. .... In.. ,.,I<l:."FC
JrIi:Jf' . "G.o.1>J.l\
l,ving ching. which che ark contained. and
allothe vtry wood from which cht ark Wal
made. prtfigu,., III membtn orChri .. and of
thechllrch .fterOllr reccp.ionofthcwuhing
of ,he wl ,tr.of regcntration.ThrOllgh . hc
anoinung of Ihe ,""cred mri.m ma,. wc bt
.. gntdwithlhcgraceoftheHol)Spi ri,.and
mayhcdcign.oktcpi'inviola.c'nll .... ho
h,m ... lfgavci.[.ow].je .... Chnacoll.Lord
whowirh.hc almigh'j'Flrhtt,nrhcllni, y o{
rht umc HoI)'Spiri. hvulnd,cIgrufo,alJ
Ige . Amen. HO .. ,LY
T H ti Dovl .. s .. S .... . OLO' CH .. lIT. MAlI, '

commlnd..<hi. holy onu,o bt:udovuwhcn
h."y,."Scllmplcudovu"Sutthep.ophc
peak.of .... hIl Chri.I Chcdovcll whtn. inhi.
perJon.htdc.crib.:shil re.urn.ohcavenaf,cr
his .uff"tringo"wno ",ill gIn mc wings like.
dovc.andiohaUfly"wlr"ndbtl,rut!"
WhtnCh.i .. thcLo.d.thc.cfo . initiatcd
Ihc SaCflmenU of the church a dovccamc
down from hu ... n.1 unde .. , andthtmy .. ",y
nd l,.,cogn ..... thtuc m.n . Fo,.hevc,y
dove,hl,oncc hutencd to No.h. ark m ,he
flood now cOmu.o Chrilt"ochurch in b.ap.
tilm.S .... ...
8, 11 12 Tb, Dour Don NOI RtfllrII
THS ENO OF THB DBLOGIl Co .. ... "." WITH
TlltiE .. oo, P ... 1l 5CUT,o"a.AoGUST,W.t:
The.ecularpow ... of.en and for a long umc
.parc the wicked from corporal puni.hmenl
.nd ,.,Jiue ... m. of them from Ihelf ha .. ,,,.
menu. b, .. the helnl ofholr mtn nu .. hu.
In)" "p"e un.iI.hcendof lhc world from Ihe
.infulconduClofmen. ililthw .... h.v.<he
fulfilImtn, of whl he.po .. lellid.ulcitcd
i .
p".occuuon .... Thelf l uff"crlngllmorcbiner
in proportion to ,nIn".rdn . ... Thi . 1100
"nlil. man" pusel over wh",. Ih.
arlr..hche ..
H8."
8:1319 NOAH. HIS FAMILY AND THE
ANIMALS GO OUT O F THE ARK
Il l" Ihe six blmdred ,md frrst y'lJr. i" Ih' first monl h. Ih'frrll .llly of lhe monlh. 11.,
"'!JurJ ",ne .lr .. dfr"m offlbe ellrlb; Qnd NOlJh' removed Ih, touering oftb. arl:, a"d
10011..':. 0'" bt nold. Ibt f!Jer of grownd wu dry. " In Ih, ,tro"d mO"lh. on Ihe
d"J of 11.. mO"lb. Ih. UTlh "'''' dTY. " Tb," God' , ,, id to No"h,' .. "Go
jonh from dJ/ark. Y"" !Jlld JOII' "'ift. IJ nd YOII' JM' "nd your Ion, ' wiun will. YOll . " Brillg
forlh wilh Jo" tvr ' yliv'"l"l hing l hlJt i, wilhJo", ojallfi"h-bird'lJ" dlJni mal,andtvrry
Httpi""bi"!'ba,crup,o"'bcuT'b-,bA,,bcJmAJ bTud 4b .. "d4n"J 0" ,bt CG .,b, and'
bc f, .. ilf .. , 4"d mu',ip'J "pon ,b, urlb. "So ... cn, fo.,b. a"d hi .. ,,,, a"d hi, ... ift
and bi. Jon,' ... iVCJ ... i,b bim. "And tvery bCall, tvery crttping Ib;"g, Gnd tvery bi .d,
,v.rylb;"glb", mOVtJ "pon ,bttarlb, ... tn'for,b "yf"",i/it. oll'of,bt "rk. '
.1.0 .... 'Ul .. L.ooO GoiI ' Ul_ ' Ul _ .... ..... ....... _ _ ....... _ ...... _ _ _
......... .. - ..... -.. .....
Ov .......... '\VhenN""hd."''''bar\t' .llcr,h"
ddugc. Godencollr<>.guh,m.n c"uy.h,ng
(CH .. f50STO ... ). Chas"'y ... uob." ....
a.k,blltafter.h.ddllgcm.rri'g'''p''.mi".d
ag.'n ( Jo ..... ofD ........ scus). Thi.i."'.d.cJur
e ... nin theord.rofb"arding.ndl.uing.h.
rk (A .... lIOu). ln".d ha hcy might ... ul
,iply,N".hbr;ngoou,<w<>byrwo,ho",whom
heh.dbrough'inon.byon. (ErH .... ). The
arkp figu.e.dehyennce,hrough,he
hurck', b'p,;.m in prep.,.,;on for thedi"ine
judg ... cn. (M"", .. us Of TU.' N). No.k pto.
cl.im.d a neW birth to world (CU .... HT Of
ROMti).
8:1S 19 EvcrJ'";''' WCII' Oil ' 0f'''c Ark
No ... " Rac. , v .. T H . BL." 'HG Of MULT"
.uc ... T. o .. TH.TA" ..... H.oR.c., ,,.,,.
CHU$OSTO .. ' nen.1I eru,ion "u durucd
as if of .om. blemish, remo
y
ing.1I d.fiI.ment
cau",din;, by hum.n witkodnell. IlIcoun,.
n.nc. wu .... d upl.nd.nr;God.h.nfln.llr
command.d ,h. J UIt man 10 d".mbark from
rh rk. frc. mghimftom.h., .... fulpfllOn
..,,,h,hcU' ... o.d Thcn.h.L ... dGod ... ,d.o
N""h,D,,,,mb.rk, you and yo ....... n'.y<>."
... ;feandyo .. rlonl ... i .... ",,hyo ... uweU
.Un"h.itomb"d.,ocarde; u1reof!'w'lhyou
.v.ry repdle,hal crawh upon ,h. ur,h. and
incr ... e.ndmuhiplj'on.h.ur,h."No.i,.
God'. goodnelS.ho";n ev.ryrh,nghe.nc"ur
as" he jloodm.n.Afrerord."nsh,m,od".
.mbarlr.ftonl,h .,kalong"'i.hhll .... "'.hi.
wif., h, . ....... w;vu and all ,h. wild an,mal .
,h.nlu.gr .. ,d .. co .... gem.n,.ho .. ldg.adu.
allyovcruk.h,mby.hufur<herdevclopmcnt

",ouldb.onhi.own.dw.llingalon.in.uch
vu.upan or ..... h .... i'hnnon ... l u l .. .
;ng, God 6n' , . .,d. Di mbark fto .... he.,k.
anduk.offevcry,hingwithy<> .. : .nd.hen
add.d, "lncr .. ",.ndm .. l,ipl), .ndglln
... rth."Sceh ..... once.g"'n
.hi. goodm.nr<:cc, .... ,ha,form .. blelling
.hIlAdamkadr<:cc;".dbefor<:.hef.ll.Th.
ume ... ord .... cr. 11 m.n h.ard when h. wu
CTu.ed,Godbl ",d,h.min.h.word.
"in".ueandmul,iplJ.andgaindomln;on
rh. unh'" So tOO do,. man nO ... hu ..
Iheword. ",ncr<:I ndm .. lt>plyonthe
r<h .. lnolhcrwords.j ...... rh.formerm.n
.. r ..
b.fo<c '''cd.lug o.oo.hi'Jult man
becom ... lr.indoflca ... n,bcg;nnlngand.GO'
ofe"ery,hingai, erth.dcluge.F.omrhi'po,nl
on .... k.I,.comprilcdinthemakeupof
h .. m.nbcing" .kCl'lIbcJ!inning,andthe
w;'oleofcr<:.<lonrccoyeniuptoperord.r,
bo,h.helOilr .... .keninsoproduc<l,,"r U
.... ll v"'y.h,n'.l"'.ha. had be.n cr ..... :!
,o,.h . ...... i(. ofhum.nbcing . HQ .. ,u15ol<

G ... ,..,. 1:1)"9
TH.A P . .. ,O" ... DIlLl VIl .... NC.
TH.ouOH TH. CHU. CH.Mn ... u. Of
TU., .. : Fo< .... Noab', ark .Hn
whom" bad taken in Ih(
worldwugo;ngunder.' ,o.l.op."t<, cbu<cb
willbringbackunhu<levoryonewhom;,
.mhracco wII.n ,h. world goes up in fbmu.'

Noab'. ark Ihe flood w OV.,. ' IO abo
Chn"willbnnglhejoyofpeIC.,Op., .. r'1
ch .. rchwhen.h.)udgment .. ov., ...
him.t1f i. dov.lndpuc .... h.promi .. d
whenh.l.aid. "llhall""r<'u.glinandyour
hea .. will r.joic . ... SII ... ONS .9.).'
M .... , .... sb P .... 'rr.oA .. ... N.JO .. HOF
D ...... sc"" Wh.n Noab ,,'&1 ord.red 10 en .. r
,h ... klnd ....... ntru ... dwithlheuf.gu.rd.
;ngof.h."'.dof.b.earlh.h , ..... g'v.n,hi.
command, whICh read., "Go (o .. h from Ih.
ark.youlndyourwif . ndyour.on nd
your ,on. wivu w"h rou," Hc had pa .... d
.ncmf.omtb.,<w,vu. lO.na.",ithth.h.lp
ofch"u'J'.ncym' gn,uclpe.n.dcepand
,nl! worldwide dU'mCtiOll. . f .. ,
Ih.cUIIUOno( ,h.flood, lhccommand .. u
"Gofo .. hfromthc .. k, youandyollrw;r .
andyourlon ndyouf l onlwivClwi.hy"u."
He ... &c. n01ll' mlrr'.ge ...... again perm;tted
for ,he ultc of ,nc .. u . OnHoDOx F"'TH

THIIO." o.Bo ... o" ........ "L .... ., ' .....
,o."'8Mon: No .. ')" u' cumine why. "' .h.
mom.n,of.nlu;nglh rk, lhcorderof.n,'1
...... tha, Noab ml.red fin, wi,h h"IO'u. then
nlSwif nd,n ... 'v ofnlllono.' bu, when
,h.y @o,oll' . th. ordcrofu" .. .. cnang.<!.ln
fact" 11 wrm.n: Go foren &om tiI. ark.
Indyolr w;f . andYO"'lOnlandyo"rlOn$'
w,v .. .. ralm n
ingtheSCnpturc .... n ... ocmph .. i:teth.ab .. i.
n.nfrom,hcfaculryofgoncr"'ona"h.

of thu flC\&ltr al moment of diocmborking.
,o.,thebcginningof.h.dtluge,hefa,hcr
,
h;1 IOnl, There;1 no mixing oflheoeno" th. I
I f
't>oard,ng, iI il bci ng mad. c1car '0 ,h. "gn,.
.0Ilslba"h.,im.wncndr"hloomcdov<r
.vo:rybody .. uno .... i .. .hl oconcub,nag.an.d
.roricpl ... u ..... ... Wilhgooc! .. uon,Ia'et, t
.ft<t ,n<d.IIlV'.nd<d,marriagt w .. again in
,ow","' r.. oh. "." .. ;0. of o,h" t
m.n.O .. No ....
No .. H B .. ' NGJFo .. THTHIA .. ' .... u 11<
F .... ,Ll u . E.H .... S,RI .... : ThOK
wnomh.hadbrollgh,in"on.hronr"onordcr
lomainraincb"tily onrn.ark, hrno,,'
bro .. gh. 011' "tWO by rwo"1O rh .. th<y rn' gh,
"bc fru,tful and multipl)' in crc"ion." Evrn
w;.hr .. pec"o.h.lnimal. ,ha,h.dp, .... rvN
,heir,h"";ryin.h(ukGod u .d,"Bringff)rth
w;,h yOIl.nryhving.hlRg.ha' ..... "h you of
.Ufl .. h-birdlandanimal l andev.ry .... p
inglhinglha'c"'.p"Gnlh.carth-,ha,th<y
m.ybrc.dabllndlntlJ'OII.h .... rrh." CO"'
.. HNT .... 'O .. G ...
N ... B'''TH TO THR \\'O .. LD, Cu .. . .. , Of
Ro .. . : Let uS fil ollrgau on rho who h.vr
14f
!'<',fudy rv.dhil magnifi, .n'glorr Lc,lU
... k.EnO(h.who .....
'Cl""''' ' ')'!1. 'CllI'otJ,JO.:1 'a.""'",o.n.,.
'6-,l:. 'I\C\\' S(l:11t.'FCIH9" 9S. -c.. ",U .. "PL
L4,o ]),CSLJ2>46., "FCtblU
dienee and wu taken up w,dm,lt thtu being a mOIlY LlIIO the ark." Till LITTII TO Till
tT:Oceofhi.duth. "Noabwufoundfaimfu! CO",,'TIIIAI<S9.14,"
by reuon ofh,""e ..... ice;heproclaimeda new
birrhtoth ..,orld.and,h,ough him ,h. Lord
laved,h. livingcru,u,u whoen,.r.di nhar
8 : 2022 NOAH OFFERS A SACRIFICE TO GOD
HThrn buill an lb. LOIP. and look of d,"n "lIi".,,1 4Ina of t v y
dun bira. "naofjrTCdburnloifcringl On Ibr ahar, l' And IIIbr .. IhcLWtDI". rUrarbtplraj'
ing odo . Ibe Loao , .. id i" bit 1.,,,.1 .. / will nrVr. "gain Clmr riot ground buauu of "''''',for
rb. ;"'''gln''I;OIl Itf ", .. n', burr Il rvilfrom bil Jowrb; ntirhr. wil11 again drmo] tvcr]
Itvillg crtar".t Itl I blTv< ,jOllr. u \VLilt rbr Trmai"I, ,dri mr and cold and
bral.lummtrandwinltr . .lay "nJ lIigbl , ,haIIIlOlct"H.
O"IUUW: Noah off . ... ucrif'icu 10 God of
the dun animall. nOt of ,he " .. dun {AII';;us,
nN.}. The Lord .melled the pleulng odor
meanl thalhel<ceptedtheoffcringo {CHIT'
505TO .. j. The Lord dou no, Imell thelm.Uof
Ihcflelhofan,mabor,h,"moiteoiwood.b .. t
he 1001.1 OUt and I .... hclimpJ.ci'ro{hun
w;thwhiehNoahofferothe , acrific.
(E.H .... ).
Th.wo.d.!wil!never'g.,ncu ... ,hc
groundbecau .. ofman m.anth God.afrct
..... alnlllghum.n ilnful narure through ,h.
futofh .. punlohmen no .. .... nu'och.nl!e
"rh rough hll ... (A .... os.j.
No.h, uc"flee God rUtO,,, 1<1 The earth tn.
fCuonalcyd .. th""adhcMd'l!"rb.ddur
illS ,he dd"I!' {EPHRE .. j.
No .... 0 ..... , OF TII . CL"'N.
AUCIIsnN" [The clean and me undean) wcre
"'gethe.>n ,he ari<, but mcy wcre no<cquall)'
plullng,ome l..ord as a ........ ofucrifKc. for
aher me deluge Noah offe,d ucr-ifKc 10 God
oftheclun.no,ofm.:unckan.Llnl-.s ,ol.'
Goo ACC"'T5 S .. cau' CI. CH_Y'
sOsTO .. : Th.S.rip ........ y . AndtheLo,d
ImeU.d wcelodor: ma .... he.ccep .. dth.

I\OJtril, . ,nco,GodLlinvllibl' "!'Lnf. Yetwha.
,,',",ed "P from tn. altar 10 the odo nd
$mok.fromb",nlllgbod,e ..... " d notlllngll
GIlPIUI.I:2<I-ll
mo .. m.lodOfo ... ,han.uch ..... or.Bu.th.,
yo"maylu.nthatGod.tI.ndJIOtbein'en .
ionoftbconeoff.ringth.u<:rific ndth.n
auepu or r.j.en I,. Scrip.ure nib .h. odo.
and . moh a I wee, " VOt. AG.'''''T Juo",z,
, ... G CH'U'T' .... S 1.7.1.'
S ...... GTH.S ..... 1,.ICITfo'No .. Hs H ..... T,
GooP.ul .... u.R ........... T. E' H .... THi
Su, .... :Th.Lord.m.lI.dnotth m.llof
h.nuhorth mokeofwood.bu.ntherh.
lookedou,.nd ,."h implielfyofhea ..
with which N""h off .. ed ,he ucrifice ftom all
and On behalfof.U. And hil Lo,d'poke to
him . h.d i d.hatNoahheat.Becaul.of
yourtlgl ... ouln ....... mn.nt w .. p .. ..,rv.d
.nddidnotperi.hinthatnoodthat.ook
plac: And hec.u .. ofyourucrific. that w ..
from.lln ... h.ndonhehalfof.lln.lh.lwill
n.ver.gain bring a nood upon the .. rth:'

promi o th.t ... en ifmanltind were con
... ntlrtcfollowth villhough,ofth.irindi.
nallon. hewouldnev.taga,nbfLngaflood
upon.h.m.Co .... "''T .... ro ... G .... utS
6.t).;.'
Pu .... u< ",r ..... D 1'0.<:,"."'.15 Co u
",r ... y. A.noSE: Le, UI .umine with
sr .... ' .. ningof th.wotd.
",he Lord id in hi. hnrt. (wil!n.v<r.s.in

,mas,nauonofman. heart"uUfl"Omh"

d .. t.or h.d .Ireadrdone v.t)
h .. ingcrcatureforth nllredurlt;onofearth
E ... nthoughh.hadpllnllh.dth .... hol.of
manktnd. he kn.,,.ha:.h. pun"hm.n, of ,h.
uwi,mo,.,"iuhl oni,.karand,o .. ad!
,h.doc'rlnt.hantochange.h.nulI, hat
c.nbccorr..dinoomep.opl.hll,no,
ch.ng"d in "vuyhodt. Thu.f<lre God pun
i.h.d.o,h.,w.migh,fu.'andforg .... 'oth.t
wemigh,bcp nrv.d.H.punish.donc.in
o,d.,.o gi ... an .nmpk thal would h ....
, ..... dfur,blllh. fo'l .... fo ..... fu.llu,oo
.h., th.blf rnUl of.in would b .... no, pr.
... il.d.On.whoi.in,.n.uponpun .. h,ng .iru
.ooof nilconlid.ud.obtmo,eobmn"
,han l"ict.Th.,efore God"YI :1 will ne ....
again cIlrle ,hcg.oundhecau ofman;lh
i h.puni.h f.,,.fo'gi .. a m.nj'.bccau,e
he ,n nd.d.o.how hi.m.rcy for ,he whol.
of manlund wi.hout ,he nec.uity ofpt'O<l uc
ing,nhumanhearn.f.lnltcuritj' m, d
wllh .ltind of negl.ct. 0 .. No .. " H.lo.'
8:22
Cu,,"
GOD R"TO.U THE SU.SON. ro TH.
E rH. EPH .... rH. Sr "'<:Andhe ......
th ... " ... n."h.rpluotingnor h.r ... "duronS
thatyear.ndthe..,uon.lcrd ... hadbc.ndli
'u,bcd,God .... o .. d.oth ..... h th., whic:h
h.db .. n .. ken ... .j inhi ng.r.God,h.n
nid."AII,hedarof,h ... "h.plan.ingand
harvnt . old and h .. t umm ... nd winter
""rand night I haU no,eeaKfrom th ... rth:
rorthrollghoutth n,ireyear.un.ilth ... rlh
d,i.dup . ... 'n' .. ,withnolllmm<r.h.dbc.n
upon Ih.m. CO IO<T ... T 0 .. GI ..... 'S 6 . ).).'
'l'C6I.1I. r.o.,. "' H!. "R:91,H:!.'PLI",":CSEL
'!=Ct hlO
9:1 7 G OD GIVES FOOD AND D ECl.ARES
HIS CONDEMNATION OF MURDE R
' And God bJelSed his .on., and ID Ihem, "Bc fruitful mllhiply,
fill 110. IThe of you and the of yOIl be IIpon every of the eMth,
upon twry bird of the oir, upon everything creep. on the ground all the fi.h of
the Ha; inlO y"ur hand Ihey delivered, ' Every moving thing live. sholl be food for
you: and a.l gove YOII the green plan/!, , give you everytbing. 'Only you nol
wilh iu life. Ihal i,. its blood. ' ' For you. lifeblood J will require a reckoning; of every
bea,t I wi!! "iuire il of of every man 's brother I will require tb. /jfe
f
of man
'Whoever shed, th. blood of man, by mAn shall his blood bt .hed; for God mAn in his
own image. ' Alld ,YOU, b. fruitful and multiply, bring forth abundantly on tbt earlh and
muhiply i" il. "
OVII' .... 'IIW' God giv human b.ing very
h. rbfor.ustenall {JusT,t<MARTn).H.
orders'ha'peopledrain'hehloodofth.
bea.ts,halrhe)will .. r(EpHIlEhI)becau rh.
bloodi, rh" b .... "oulandmu.rb ra.ide
for him (CHRYSOSTOhI). Th. murd.r of human
b.ingsiscondemn.dhJ'God {CHRYSOSTOM
EPHIlIIM). When God proclaims ,ha, he will
require rh. blood of human, at ,h< hand of
<ver)" b ... , and pcrson. h< mea", ,ha' hecom
pares human wickedness in rhe .ctofmurdet
,0,h.wildne"ofb .. " s{AMuosE). Br
requiring ,he blood ofpeuons a, ,h< hand of
every beast. God m .. nd. to sor rhar h< will
r.'urrec, ,he bodie. of those who di" {JOHt<
OF DAMASCUS).
9:3 God Gi"'I Noa;, Plants "IIIi All i", ,,/,
for Food
T HlIB I s r-.>o Of!. PLANT.
J"ST't< MARTYR: You ITrJ'pho, a JewJ objec,
that Noahwa5order.d,om.k. adi .. inc,ion

ut everrkind of herb. Such a condusioni.
inadmissihle. I could euily prove. hut w< will
not 'pend rh. ,;me now in doing . o, rh.,
.ver)" vege .. blei san hcrb and mayhe eaten
Now, if w< make. distinction bel"'e.n ,hem
and r.fu.<,ou om<ofrh.m. wedo 00 not
bec.use,herar.common.ndunc1eaobUl
bec.u .. ,heJ'uebittet.otpoi.onousor
, hor ny. D'ALo<.n'! WITH TRYPHO .0. '
9: 4 NOI tbe Blood of Ani",all
SLOOO At< 'MAU MUST B.

bles dNo.handhi,wnsthat.he),migh,h<
fruitfulandmuhipl y .nd,natfur<lfthem
,houldfallup<lnaJlfle,hhothin,h<s<aand
on dry Iand."Only you lhall nO. ntfl h with
i "lir . "Thatm nsyou l h.llntnofl hthat
ha. nor bun.llugh, ... d.nd who blood.
... h,ch i. u,lif hunotbund .. intd.Co ...
" ,,,T .. uo .. G ... u,s6.' ... t.'
A"' ..... L. BLOOI> h iT. SOla .. C .. usos
To .. ,Fromthi . th .... ingof m , .. kc. its
b.ginning. no,fo"h.purpo&Cofl' ,ompring
,hemtoglutton). Bu,.incclom.ofth.pcopl.
"lftn.bou,.oofieruc.ificc nd mw
.hanlug,o>ng.othtLo.d.h.gnn ... htm
Iutho,ur oOe, food and oboiu .... nr an>".f)
bou,food. lur ,h.y . .. m'ob b .... ining
from food,b." ..... ,h. y wu. notl"opcrlr
conleCTlt.d."lhav.g;".nyou th.mlll ;h.
... y,.uldidlh.g' .. ns .... :Th.n ... inlh.
c .... of Ad. m when him.o
.h .. lln f. om the On. t.(C whilt enjoying th.
o,h.".JOinthi.c .... ,oo.Aft .. pc'mitting
,h. contumpr;on of ,ll food. without h"ita
,ion. h.sar, : xoep' you u.no"ou,fl.lh
w"h,, " lifebJoodin i,:Sowha,docs . hi,
ltatem.nt It m ..,. .... ngkd: fo, an
an,m.r.hLoodJ$ 'UlouI.So.,ncrther w",
lbou,toofferlac.ifiu.,nth.formofan,.
mall, h."tcachingth.minth ... wo.d.rhat
.. long u lheblood hu h .. n , lIide for me.
th.ncahi.foryou.lndoingJO.how."er.h."
in .. n.uponrclllting,nadunc nr impU!H
o ..... d homici.dc. HO .. 'L' U ON
'1." .'
T" . Mu. o .. Hu ...... BIt .. G' Is eo ..
1> . .... . o ... Gol>. C .. USOSTO .. ,\Vhocy.,
in with that .emark. He ilhying if
you are not rel trained from murd.roul hand.
by kiruhipor b)' I &C nleoffellow. hil' of
naturc.and ennifyou .hrus, uide.Ubro. h
.,If fcelingand become <ompL lycomm,tted
'0 I bLoody mu.dn.you mlU.th,nk rwic ...
Conlider rh. fact that th.person h becn
crea .. d in God'. imag . Mark the degr of
honor accorded him by Go-d! Think on th.
f. cttha, h.hurcceived aurhorory""."Uc ...
."on. Th.n you wiLl gIVe up your mu.duolU
in .. n . So wh .. h. If tOm",ne hu
<omminedcountl . .. murd.nlnd.hedl ..
much bLood. how can ht gi" d'qu,uJa,i.
facrion.impLy by th heddingofhi. Own
hive th ... ,houghu. human
beingth .. you .... ln ..... dyoudo .... II.ocon
l ider in Idvancc.ha,f<'u ",m .. cc'."n
,mmortalbody.hatwillh,,,.,h,cl pactty.o
und'rgocon .. an,.ndu.,lastingpuni.h.
m.nt . HO"" ClIl 0" GB"'.SIS l7. I S.'
GOORMq" US .. T.SF .. CT' O".E.".' .. T .. &
Sy .... ,.:God " qu" ... thebloo.ln_and,n
th.futu .... H.nqu' ... 't now m th. ca .. ofa
duththath.durcedforamurd ... r.andllso
..,oningwithwhich.goringbull".obt
lton.d.'A,th nd . ,th.,imeof,h.r.,uT'
rccrion.Godwillrequi .. th ... nim.l ... ",rn
.1lth.) ... from.h.n ... hofm.n.GO<Isa,d
"f. om.heh.ndofaman l ndofhi.brothcrl
... m .. qui th.lifeof. mln:Jus,uu,,,fac-
tionfor th.hloodofAbcl ,,urcqu ... dfrom
C.in. thati "who.ver . h.dJth.bloodo(
man.brm.n.hallhi. bloo.lb hed:Co ..
... "T .. UO"GINU's6.1S.1 .
In.d. ",m.one. blood. h" own will be Ih.d M" .. o ... I . ..... ACTO. i,. .. " ..... ' .. NO
inpaym.nt for th., pcnon. blood.becaule !
h.v. ml de the human p ... on in God', imag. ;
Con.id.r.!ask you.ho .. muchfcarhellruck 'FC":IOJ. 'FCn,'7z- 'FC1,1,17J. '&21.1 'I'C",14J
B"UTLT AMUOSE: "For your lift,
bloodandyourwul.) wiU""'1uirea...,d;.on.
ing of evory b .. Of and of,he hand ofm.n: Hc
comparedhumaniniquir)' '0 bealtly wicked-
nU. and con.idered it robe CVCn morc'ulpa.
bit ,han , he wildnu, of,he b ... u. For he
added:ofe.ery man'. brother I will re'lui...,
,ht 1ife of man: Acruall y b .. ". have nothing
in common wi,h U&,are nor unitcd to u, by
an)' fraternal bond. lftheyharm a man,thcy
harmsomebody",hoi.stranger,dono"ran .
gr .. sthe righfS of nuure, do not oblitorate
.htaffe"ion ofbrotherhood. Thcrer"reone
who make.an ."emp' on hi. brothcr'. lif.
commi ... more.eriou in.Forthi ,...,aoon
the Lord tnrca,ened. mor ... verepuni.b
ment bl'uYing"of thc nand of hi . brother)
wiHrcquirt a reckoningof ,hebloodofm.n:
hnotperhap.abro.hcr.omeoneofararional
na,ure come forth from a ,crtain womb,.o
,har we .. e united by agcneration from tht
samt mother! One . ingle nature i. mo.hu of
all hum.nity.Thercfore we aTe all broth ...
gencuredbyone.ndtheumemotherand
united b)"he nme kin.hip, 0", NOAH z6.94.'
T H " R UlI RR" CT' O'" O F THB BOOT I . T U T'

DAMASclIs: Moreo.er, """ed Scriprure, '00.
tutifies '0 ,he fact tha, therc will bca re. ur-
rcctionofthebody.lndc.d,Go<lalrc.dyhad
uidtoNoahafrcrth.flood,"E.enuthe
greenherb,nave I deli.ered them all to you
u.vi ng,harfl .. hwi , hbloodofi,s life you.hall
nOt ur. And I will requirc your blood "fyour
lives, at ,he hand of ",)' b.a .. ) will . equire
it. And ar ,h. nand "f ev",y man I will require
thelif.ofhi, bro,h.r.'lVho.oe.er,haU.h.d
man. blood,for,ha,bloodhi.bloodwillb.
.hcd: for I mad. man to,htim'geofGod:
How ,an he rcquirc,he blood of men at the
hand of e.ery be t, unlen he cai, .. th< bod
i .. ofthosc who die: For bcasu will not die in
the place ofhuman bcing . ORTHO"GX FA1TI<
4.Z7.'
9,8-17 GOD MAKES A COVENANT WITH NOAH
' Tht" GoJ s"iJ 10 No"h" "n': IP hil lolll with him, m"blilh my coven""t
with ,,"J ]on "fur you, '0,,".: ujrh every !;v;nJ; "taru .. th"t ;, w;rh you,
rhe birJ!, rhr ,afllt , ,,"d of t he earth wirh you, M m,,"] "l our of rh< "rk. 1
" / el rablilh m] <ovt nanl with you, th"rlltvtr"gain lhall "llj1t1h b< <ur pffb)' Ih<waltrl of
a jlooJ, ""J ag,,;n lhal/ a jlood 10 Jmro)' rhe earth. " "And God' l"id, "Th;,
;l sign of ,o,'e""n: ".h; ,b 1 b<lwun and yow "".; t"uy living uearu .. rhat
il with for 011 futu.t III let my OOW ill fhe cloud. it 10,,11 &t <I sigil of
Iht &./1 .... " m. ""d the earlb. "Wh ... I &,i"g doud. O"tT fb. ,a,lo aRd fbr i.
IU" i .. lb. cloudl, ISl will rtmember my COV'''''''f which is b.fwun mt ""d YOII "nd tv.ry
/iving of a/l jI b, a"d Ibt W<lf.r hall "tv.r agai" Duom. 0 jlood to dmroy a/1
jI b, " Wh ... lb. bow i. i .. tb. cloud. , I Will/DOlt "po" i. and remtmber Ih " .. III"illg (OV,
."",,. betw.en God ""d H ] li";"g ,rUIU,. of 1111 Jlub tblll i. upOn fb. urlb." " God Joid
10 No"b,' 'Thi' i b. sig" of lhe ("vuan. wbi(h I h"v. tll"bliJh.d btIW"" m. "lid ,,11
jltlhlhali,up""lh.urfb.
. .... .... """" .... _ _ .. _ " IJCI ,"," 'LU .. WooiGool
O""."'."lGodmakuhi,c .. venant .. i,h
N<nhou,oflov ndin o.dcr .... limin 1I
appr.hn.ion f ... m his mInd (CHU5OSTOMj,
Godpr .. miKlth"'h ....
flood upon carth.e".n ifpcopl. b.c .. m. COn
lIndyhabhua,.d,ofall .. winSlh vil
though ... of the .. ,ndin'flon (EPHaJUoIj. n ..
cov.""n . whICh God make. will. No,.), Ind
wichall,h,,".cr ur
a.kw;,h h.im (EPHIlDI ).willn.ve.bcbrohn
(GUOOBYOPNAZI ...... ""'.j.
9:811 EJfabli.hi nga
GOD Mu, .. H,. Cov ... a .. T WIT" No" ..
OUT Lo .... CHRYSOSTO .. , God', pu'pooc,
.hu.f .. ..., . .. astodiminlt llappr.h.enl;on
f.om NOlh'. thinking and for him to b. qui
IIlu...,dch.cth;l wouldnothappen ' g. in.H.
... ,d, .. m.mbcr.Jw,ulb .... uSh,onlh.d.l
oflov ..... as.o pu, . I<0P'o their
wick.dn.uandpr.v.n,.h'''going, .. furth ..
...... In ch.i, cue 'oo it i, ou, .. f my
l ..... . ha,lp . .. m'nnn ..... doi.again . ..,
tha: YO" ml)' I,v. drud and in .hi,
"' y..,e your pru .. nt life to iu d ... Hen ..
huid.Beh .. ld,imakcm),,"vcnlr>,:,ha, ...
1 fo.mIn l,rmen'.Ju"'"in humin Iffll ..
... hen..",..one mlkeo.prom, ..
ag m.n,andgi" ... firm g .. aran'e ..... '00
th.goodLord,"id. Seh .. ld. lmakemyc .. "
nln':Goddidn ...... y' .... 'lhis m.auiYCd,P$.
,er migh' corn. aglln , ... h .. n wh .. o;n. Ruh
he,"id.Beh .. ld. I rn.kt my,,,"e,,an, wi.h
y ..... h.l.ord
l""'ngltindneu, "", .. niy ... "h yOll.g<:n ... .
.ion.h ..... y.,do1 form my ag m.I\"bu,
11.0 in g .. d.o III.ho , .. minglf r you 1
. Ho"'L,no"G.NI
5,5.1.4.'
GOD W, LL N ..... , B., NG" Nil'" DBU'GR
", PO",E".TH. EpHU/ltTHISYJ.I"""Andh.il
Lordlpok., .. [No.ohj. uh.d ..... d,ha'
No.hhe .. ,SccauJeofyourngh,coulneu
mn.n,wll p .... ."cdandd,dn .. ,perishin
,hllflood,hat.ookpllct.Andbcuu of
your'lcrifictth""I. fromallfl .. hlndon
bchalfofalln .. h. l wiUne"crag" n b.ingl
flood upon ,h. urth:God.nu. bound him
, el fbefor.handbyth'" p ... mi lOth.,.v.nif
m.nkindw.r.con".ndrl .. f .. llo ..
,hough .. ofch."inchll.lu .. n.h ... ouldncv.r
aga>n bring a flood upon ,h .. m. eo .... E ... T".'

9:1215 Thr Rllill&""'<I Sigil ofth.

GOD EST.UU IIUS H' $ COVIIN .. NT WITH
HU .... N1TY .. No EYIIU L,V' NGCII .ATUII B.
EPHRII)o!THE$YRlAN:Anecth" ,hing.God
made a covenant wi,h Noahand wi,h all,ho.e
who came ou, of ,he uk wi.h him. "ying. "All
fl .. h.hallneveragainperi$hinthewa.ersofa
flood. ! wilI."tmrbm,in,h.dou<U,andi,
.halll>ea.ignof,he.,erna!covenantbetween
God a"d all fl h ,h., '$on.h<ucth:Co ..
.. ENTAIIYoNGaNu,s6.1Sj '
GOD W,LL NE""', fO.DIT H Is CoveNANT.
GIlIIGOIIY OF NAZIAN:Z;US: Who"bindl "P ,he
warCT in the mirad. of i,-th.,
h. ut.< I<>m.ming who: ""'uft is '" flow. On
dou<U.lha,he6xe.i"h ... byhiswo<drY..,he
pourSou. some ofi,on the face of,he whole
earth . p<inldingi"oallalikeindu< :uon.H.
d ..... no.unk ... b ,h n.in':$lockofwa.er _ ,h.
d.an.ingof Noah u"'''enDugh,and God
mO$l true dou no,rn'8",hi,own COvenant.

9:1829 THE DRUN K ENNESS OF NOAH
"Tb, !OnJ ofNollh' ... bo ... tlltforthfrom tbr ark wur Sbrm. Ham,' allaJaphtth. Ham'
WaJ tbefMhcr ofC<llIaall. "Tbeu thTU .... u lb. JailS of No <lb' , allafTom tbtu tb, ... bolt
,artb wlI sp"opl,a
IONo nb' wIIS tb'/irst tillu oftbt soil. H'l'III IIUa 11 villtyllra; "alia ht arank of rb. "'illt.
II
n
d be,am. drunk. IIl1d Ill)' uncovtr,d in biJ Itnt. llAna Hllm,' thtflltha of CIIIIII<ln, S<l1I'
tbe naktdlltH of bis f<lrber. <lna tola hi, two broth.rs outsiae. 21Tbtn Sbtm and Japbtth
took a g<lTmenl. laia it UpOIl both their shoulders. <lnd w<llked ba,kw<lra and covtrta tbt
naktdneH of Ibtir falber; Ibei. f<l'<' "'eT( lu.ned a ... ,,)'. <llId th.] did nol Jr. tb.iT fillb .. 'J
"<I.lteaneJJ.
l
'Wb,n Noab' <I ... okrfr0mbil ... in.<lndkn.",wbillbiJyoulIgtJl Jon b<lddoll e
tobim,
ll
brs<lid,
C"rsea bt
a of slavtJ shilll ht bt to his brotherJ."
"'Ht al,o saii.
"altHed by lb. Lou, my God b.
and It I C<ln<l<l" bthil ,<<IV,.
J' Goa
and It I him dwtU in ,h. rcnU ojShtm;
and I" Canaall b. hil slav . "
llAjur ,h. flood Noah" lived ,bTU hundred and fifty yeau. l'AII ,ht dll]! of Noah" "'cu
ninch"ndredandfif'YYtarl;<lndJ.tditd.
OVIIRVIIIW, Noah'. dTUnhnne .. wu due '0
I". Ignorance
becausehe'pen,along,im<wi,hou,drinking
anrwine (EpH ...... ).Winei.not.vilini".lf
but uthcr in iabu$C (CHRYSOSTOM). Noah'.
yulnerabilitysymbolizesthep ionofChrist

Noah vulnerable (L.ANon OF SBVllU). The
LordbluscdthOfCwhocov .. edhi,.hame
(ClEMINTOfAlIXANOR' A),
Af .. rHam .... No.ahinhi'drunkcnne ..
andnakednc$$,hiIIOnUnaani,(ur.ed.
becau .. Ham.whohadbecnbl .... dbyNo.ah
,,henenteringthcark.couldno,becuned
no,,(EpHIlEMj. C.n ni,curscdbyNoah
bccausc the.on. are bound by . h in. nf.heir
paten .. (AUGUST'NE.JUSTIN Not
onl),i.Canaanlubjcctcdtopuni.hmentbut
.110 hi.fath .. , and it i,likcly lhat C.naan
him,c! f,ommi"ed , in (CHRYSOSTOM,
EPHR2 .. j. Noahi.naked.bu,hei,no,
.. h.medhcc.uschei,fi U.dwi.h'piri.ual
gl.dness.while.heoncwhomocklhim
remain. upo.cd to rcproach. Canaan'. pun
i,hmcntdcmon"rateltOulabove.nebe
whatgrca,reY<rcnai. duetoourparenu
The word dllv, i, fiut u .. d by
Noah in cnnneetion with the cuneon
Cannn', wrongdoing (AuGVSTINII).Aftcr
cursingC. n.an.Noahblc .... Sh.mand
J.phcth(EPHllfiM).
NOAHs DRUNII:IINNUshDUB TOIGNO.
RANCS. of CU: \Vhy was Noah
no,blamed forfaHinginlodrunkcnnc .. ' Hi ,
faUingwa. not ducto inlcmpcunce but inex
pcricnce. For he "' the fir" man' '0 pTC"
Ihe fruit oflhe vine and wu ignoran' not
only of ,he powcr of the drink but al.o of the
kind of change it had undergone. Sccau it
ought to bc mixcd fi .. 1 bcfort bcingdTUnk.
he.uffcreddrow.ineu ,Thrcwa& nothing
new about the f.ct rhat he was naked. For
even no".ome pcople sleep naked. <lcep hav.
ing ,ahn awar ,heir con,ciou,nen. The
drunkennc ... addcd,o.lup.m.ke.eaoicr.
dcf.n .. ofhi.nahdne ...
G.N.SISS6.'
NOAH'S DIlUN'UINNBU h MAGNtFtllD Br
LONe; AIIST'NBNC . EpNas ..
Noah,drunkcnne .. wa' hOtfrom.nucc ..
of ",inc bu, hcc.u .. it had been a long time
lincc hc had drunk.n)" wine. In the ark he
had drunk no wine. Although an flr.hw ..

bring.ny win. on.o ,he ark. During ,he year
aftcr.hc flood Noahdid not drink anr ,,;nc.
In that fir .. ycar aftcr hr left ,he ark. hc did
not plan' a vin.yard. for he ,amc Out of the
ark on ,hc twenty ... "enth oflyor. ,he time
when , he fruit.hould be.urting to m.'ure
156
and nO'lh" Umc for planling I
Th ... forc,.cc'nglha,,, wuin,hc,hird
y<'a.,hl,h'plan,.dth.vin.y". dfromth.
.. on hlfh.b.ough'withh'm
on.h.I,klnd,h .. "wlI,h",.o.cv.nfOIl'
y.,.nb.for hey wOllld hav. bccom. a
p.od"c"v.v'n.yard.,hu.w.u.h.narl ....
. ilyu .. d""ngwhich.hejlls.on.hadno,
.u dan)win . CO .... BNT .. R.Y ONGBNU' s
7.'.'. '
W, .. .. IT Lf.CHR.YS05
TO .. : P.rh'p on rh. o,ber h.nd .... m.onc
m,gh.u).\Vh)'wl sv'n.drcssing .... ".ctnf
."ch "iblcwlCkedn ... , ln"oduc.d,n.o
life! Do no. Idly bl" .. 0'" whit comeS ,n.n
yourhud,Omln,.,ncd.eSSlng,.nn.w,chd
nor llw,n vil-ruhu"".".e",fthemtn
lC.SS. YolI .U.d.cadful lin .,i no,from
win. U IlIch b", from .,.i,"d
ofhllmlnd.pnvlt)thltllnde,min hebcn.
fi.,hlt.hollld n .. "nlly c",m. from it.Th.
rea.on,ha.nowaf ... ,h.dclll,ehcshowsyou
.h .. ".eof win.il tha,y<>uma)Jea.n,h ..
bcfo.e""ngw,ne,h. human rlcehld . ncom.
0g".ffromu.Bcfo.e .. ,nehldeven
'ppuud,humln hut0'l' gav videncc of the
u".m"rofl;nfuln.u.ndllnbridl.dhccn
.;"u.n.u.Th",,u,ntcnd.d '0 ,cach you ,h ..
wh.nyouluthcwl) wme,.u d.yo"wm
no, .. "ihut"u.lltow,nculuchbutto
d.pnv.dhumln,ntcntionbcnton.viI.Con
lidu wnut Wmt hu prond usd"v.l,
nd ... mbl . Omln. Fo. WtnC is used in good
things brwhkhou,uh .. ioni. mld c.1.
Tho ..... hohlv.lnin.igh,in.o.piri.ullr.II;
" und ..... nd ..
G., .. u,sI9.'O.'
\ \I' NE M .. No .... LUNDHa
Of Woe .0 vou tna' .. ronj;
d .. nkll ..... nulherri .. nd
hng .. in'othen;gh, ... hil .... 'nelnflame.
d .. nk win. and f.1I ,n.O a
d,lInk.nnvporandbccam.nlk.d ,n ,he
moulham.fv.lp;o,"ofhiJb<>dj'lodtatyOOl
mlykno,",lh.tthcm1ndofm .. nuj.Ocon.
fOllnd.dbywin ndth,,,"sonof,hehum .. n
m;ndil m .. d odllllth .. i,d,,unothavecon
Ccrn n for i .. clf. m" ch 1 ... fo. God ....
Wh"n Lo, wu . oll d w;.h win., he (ommU'
,cd ,nc .. t w;th h"daugh .... and did no!
kno ... h"milllk.;fromthatpa .. iona,.un,on
came ,h. MOlbll nd the Ammonites. TilE
TRAIN'NG Of NUNS '9.9:
TH. LOI D THon " .. oCo ..... o
H' 5 CUIoU"T Of AUX"'''D'' ' '':
Tha, .. wh)' .hcdrunk.nn.u ofNo.h 1110 ha.
bc.nd .. cribcd. ... tha' .... maygll .. d .. g .. 'n ..
drllnk.nn ..... much .. po .. iblc .... i'h ,h.
piclllrcoflllchafaUclca.l),de",rib.dbefDre
ou. er" in Scripture.Tha'lS ... h).'OD . h.
Lordbl .... d.ho.cwhocov .. cdrh hlm.o(
h, .drunk.nn. ".
SCrtptul"<',lummmg eryth,ngup,non
IU(Clnct v."., h ..... id. " " n. I1 luffiCl.n. for
Im.n .... UuIIght.lnduponhllbcd, h. lhaJl
ru,."'C>tIUSTTHBE.ouc...TOR.1..1..j4. "
C ..... TITT eo, " WHAT OI "NK.,NN ...
HAD .. nof ALUA"o", .. :
Th. chutc.on could no,.ndu,. Jookingupon
the immock5' nlkcdnu. of I tood man; ,hu
tityco ..... do .... whatdrunk..nn .. l hadu
pOlcdinltr.nlgrcSlioncommittcdi l\ igno.
,lnccb".mlnif,,,,cIIl.CH.,sTTHIEuuc ..
To .. :.65'"
'!=C'ht ... 'KlUOSO. 'lol<ll. 'Q".Gcn9<JO.M. 'Fe
.wl). 'G. .lI US-1U9 "FCn,u .
No ..... , OaUW"II<r<.U PIIFIGUIU TMI
PAU' O" of CH. " T. CVU'A'" \VhcnChrill
uy . 'l.m thclrucvinc; " th. blood of
Chrin i. UUITedl)' nOt Water but winc. W.
ar d mcdandmadc.linbyhilblood.
Sutmth."'pi'i.no'w'n uch.h,u
.cdccm, but hi. blood. Thi. i.dcdarcdbj
.hcucram.nt.ndtc .. imonyof.UthcScrip
1\1rc<.Fotwcfind,hllcv.n,nGcn .. ilaUo.
,nrupcc,of,hcuc.am.n,prefigu.edin
No.h. Tha, h. drank wine ""U '0 ,hem a pt<.
c"nor.ndfigu .. of,hcLordl pu.lLon.Noah
... umadcdrunkbrhi.w,n "aJm.d.
n.k.din hll houschold, .. " lying down with
hu ,h'gh. n.k.dlndupo.ed . nd.hc
n.kcdn.uof ,h.fllh ....... obu .... dbr h ..
Hcondlonand ... u,old abroad but " .. cO
c d b)' 'wo. ,h. cid ... and tn. young.". and
othcr m.IIU. which iti. nOt nc<uury to fo[
10 ... ou,. h lI.nough fo. UI limply '0
cmb.ac. ,hcundcrsllnding .th., Noahsc<
forrh"rp. of,hc fu.ur. "u,h. NOlh did no,
drml:wucrbu, ... 'n nd,husup ..... din
ad\'lnc< rh. figurc of th. p .... ,onof,he
Lord. LITT .. '
NO .. H SO"Ho"oaP I<W S TKI
Caoss.Jl lo ... :Aftt h.dclugeNoahd.ank
.ndb.c.m.dmnkinhi. ownhou . ndhi.
,h'gh,w<:.cuncov.r.d and he ,, .. cxpo d in
hllnakcdnus. Th.dd.rb .... ,hucam.along
and laughed: ,h'rounger. ho ... ncr.covctcd
him up. All ,hil i .... id in tyrc ofth. S.vio .
f<>r on ,h. croSl h. h.d drunk of the pau;on:
'Fa,h ... if ,tilpoSJiblc.lc,.hi.cuppu.aw.j'
frommc.""H.dra nk .nd ... uin.bria .. d.lnd
hlSthighlw.rcl.idba .. -thcduhonorofth.
cfOSJ.Th.old bro,h .... thcjc ....... m.

covcr.d up hi. ignominj"HO ... ,LllSowG.r<.
.",;."
W HT C .. " .... ... Wu CUUIO. EpHa .... TH I
SnIAW: No,"" curacd C.Rlan.laying, 'CurHd
be Can.ul\. A don of .laY" .... n h. be ' 0 hi.
brotheu."lIu .... h.t.incould CaRlanhavo
commimd.v.n ifhchadbe.n right behind
hi. fllher when Hlmob.., ... cd ,h. nalr.cdn . ..
of Noah! Som. say .ha, bo:uu.J.e H.m hd
be.nbl.SJ.dalongwi.htho ..... ho<:ntcr.dlh.
ark and c.mcou' of it. Noah did no. cu,ac
Ham hi"""lf. ev.n .hough h ... on. w .. o .....
"' .... d.g ... vedh,m'".dy.Oth .... hoW<:v.r.
oayfromthcf.c.,hatScriptur ... y.,'Noah
kn ..... v.'Y.hingthlthiTOun'.Jt.on .. a.d
don. to hIm; 11 11 cl ... th .. " .... no,H.m
who ob.CTved h nlkcdncl$.for HIm wl.I.hc
middl, "on .ndno,.h.youngtlt,Forrhilrc.,
'on Ih'y"r1ha, Can.un . h. younge., old
of th. nu.dn ... of ,h. old mIn. Then Ham
.... n'ou'.ndjokinglytoldh"broth .... Fo,
,hi caoon .h.n. l>'cn ,hough it might be
thought.hatCanunw"cllracdunJ""dr,n
u.athcdid ... h"hcdidinhisyou,h.lli1lh.
wllcun.djuldyforh.wuno,cursedin.h.
pJ .. oof.no,h . Noah kn.,, ,h., Canaan
would d .., .... ,h. clI l'$C;n hil oJd.gc, or ......
h .... ouldno,hlvcbe.ncu ... dinhlJyout ... ..
CO ....... NTAlYOWG.NESIS
.,.1"'."w:w_ . ..... ,lk)'J. "FC-.-r.,t..-
_____ "' __ oIc...-,"",,_
"'rNoolt"" .... olHo.rw_oIC-- ...... WMaI
........ ___ _
oI<o .... 0II ___
""' __ ..
.. _ ."'-'''''''' ... &a.or (d: .... 7", LO. r. .. _ "'""""""""'"'Ho. __ ...... ___ hw._

....... c.-"K. UfS.
''Ti F .. LLO",THI
C .. ' LO.I ... Allcun,,<., \Vhy did Ham lin
andyc,cngcanccwatdcdandagains,hil
... n Can .... n! \Vhy was the Ion of Solomon
pllnilhedbychcbrukingupofchek.ing
doml"\Vhy ... uchclinofAhab.kingor
bncl. viliccduponhilpo"erit yl" Ho ... do
werudin,hc .. crcdbooks:Rurning.h.
iniqui,yof ,her.,heTlin.o . hebolomof,hcir
childrcn.r,crthom"lnd"Viliting.h.i niqui.y
of,ho r hc .. upon , he child,en un,o ,he third
and fou .. h gcno"'ionl"- The number heu
can be: uhn fM III.h. ducondanO$. Ar. mu-
11 ... men .. fdul Who would "'y mi. bu, the
mOI'''I'''n.n.",yof.h.d,..;n ....,rd,1Th.n
carn.lscn a"o".""nof.h.pcopl.ofGodo(
th.OldTc"amen,bi".uchildrcn(orthe .. nl
ofthlTp.unll.Ac .. 'NSTJULI .. N6.lS.h."
WH'r THBCUBU 8 ." .... W'TH So .. s
SON.)UST'''' M .... TU.: In th. bl ... inglwilh
which Noah blutel hi.lwo Ion h 100
curluhil.on,.o".For .h.proph.IKSpiri,
wouldno.cu .... h ,onhim .. lf incch.had
alr drbe:cnbI .... dby God.'ogh., ... i,h
.hco.h ... onlo(Nolh. But . i"" h. punisl!.
m.n,of.h ,n ...... obetranlmin.dd .... ".o
all Ih. po"."ry of.hc Ion who !aughcd IIhil
fa.hcr'1 "udll)', hc mao!c ch. curscbc:gi"wi, h
.h'''''''I ...
BOTHC ............. NDH .... A.IISU.J.CTBD
TOGOO'Pu .. " .. ..... T.CHUSOSTOM:To
b.'Ur IOmewi!loarlhillhoWl lh ... h.ru
.onhcdidnot cu ... Ham wu,ha,hch.d
cnjoycd bl ... ing from God. Ncvc"htle .. ,wh)
"",ha;,houghH .. n .. ."h.,inn C.n .. n
had ' 0 par ,h. pcnlltr !ThLl dou no,happcn
,d1r ."ncr. H.m d,d no, en<iur. le .. puni.h.
m.n, ,roan n .. lon. He ,"" r.1t 10$ .ffuu. You
kno" _U. o( <<>u .... ho,,mmanrcuc'
faoh.r,h.""beggcdto ... durcpun"hm.n.in
placc .. rchcirchildrcn.Sccing.hcirchildr.n
bcaflngpunilhm.n'prov morcg .. evoUl
form of chaa.i.em.nt form. f hu han
be:'nglubj.ct.oi,th.m .. ... Ac<ord,ngll'
.hi. incid.n,occurrcd",.h" Ham.hould
.ndungrca rangui.h OnaCCOUn' ofhi'nuu
Tll..nion .... Ih God'. bl ing Ihould
con,i nu. wi.hou.implirmcn'and ... ,h hil
.on in b.ing.h. obj." of ,h. "' .... hould
Itonc for hilown .ins. You . "en if,n ,h.
I"ru.n, in".nc. h.buu,h.cu.5Conaccoun,
ofh"fach.r'llIn.nevcrlhclu.ilwuiikclr
.hllhew ... atoningforhi.ownf.ihngo.. ln
olh.rwordl, i,"'un ..... nirforh .. r.,hcr'l lIn
Ihalhcborcthccurscbu.pcmap'allof",.hc
purpo .... rhi.,u.ring.hu.icrpcn.ltr on
hllownlccount.A;,.,.U.fotproof,ha,p"
n"""no.puni, hedfor.h.irchildrcn. nor
childr.n for.h.irpar.n .... ach b.ing habl. for
,h.linlh.hucommi".d.youcanfindf
qucnlll ... m.nllamonglhcinsp".d
aU.hOfl-U.forin ... ncc.wh.n.he),laJ"

be: IC' on.dg ... " "Th".oul.ha, Ihall d,c 11
lh .... ul!h .. lin ... " andagain."P.rcnulhall
no,di.for,h."childrcn.n ... childr.nfo,
,heir paren .. : HOI uu 0" G."u. s
'"lI."
TH! G ..... TBlT R.' .. II .... cllli Du .. TO Ou.
r ....... T . AMIAO.E: v.'bcn wc rcad ,hat hc
,, blcllcdwho,,ublc ... dbrh .. r .. h nd
Ih h ... .. cu ... dwho,, .. cu .. cdhJ'hi.
fach . wclcarnabovcall claewhllgrcatrc,,
c.cncc.olho,,ourp.rcn ... AndGodg ... c
this ptivilcgr to parenn . oas to arou8c
re. pect in ,he children. The formuion oflhc
children is hen,.he pre>gaoive of dl. par
en ... Thercforehonoryourfa,hertha.he
m.yblc .. you.Pn"lARCHSI.I."
THBWORDSuvtUUDJ'ORTHBF' RST
T'MB,AuGUSTINE:\.Vhcnsubject;on camc, it
,,u mcrel yacondi.ionde.ervcdlyimpo .. don
inful man.So, inScr;p,ure,therci. nom.n
nonof.hc wordJlaor un,il holy Noah u .. d it
,nconnec"onw;,h,hecurs.onhi on'
.... rongdoing." CITY OF GOD 1\l. IS."
9:26-29 Noah BI.ss" Two SO",
NO .. HBLIIUUSHU ..... oJ .. PHnH.
EPH"" .. .. ":AfterHamh.db.cn
cuned through hi s onc .on. Noah blused
Shem .. ndJ .. phe<h and n id. "May God
incruse Japheth ... nd m.y hedwcll in the tent
ofShem ... ndletCanunbcthcir . lavc."
J .. phcth increaocdandbecamcpowcrfulin hi.
inheritancc in the north and in the w.ot. And
Goddwe!tinthc,entofAbrah .. m.the de"cn
dan,ofShcm ... ndCanunbec .. m.dleir , lave
whcninth. d .. ys ofJoshua.<OnofNun, th
liraditndutroycd.hedw.Uingplaccs of
Canaan .. ndpr .... dth.i r lud ... intobond
ag .... COMMSNT .. RY ON '.4.1. "
.......... ", ........... .-
"""but>maoboutoolrunol.....r..l"","""",,-"FC
:z.4,ZU. ";looI>17'U. "FC91:lo06.
10:1 32 THE DES CEN DANTS OF JAPHETH.
HAM AN D SHEM
art the gt nm'tions of thr sons of Noah. ' Shem, Ham. and Japh.th; sOn, WeTe
born 10
lTh. sons of Japherh: Magog, Madai . Javon, ' Tubal. Mes huh, and Tiras.
son. of Gomer: Ashke"az, Ripharh. and TogaTmah. "The sons of Jailor.: Elishah, Tarshish.
Kitrim, ar.a Dodonim. ' From thelt rh. roa.tl ar. d pcoplessprtad. Tbe .. aTl the sOns ofJoph.
r rh' in . och "'ith hi" own language. by their f amili es, in Iheir narions.'
'Th. of Ham: Cush. Egypt,! PilI. and Canaa". 'Th. sons ofClIsh: 5. ha, Havilah,
Sabtah. Roamah, and Sabr<co. Th. sons of Roamah: Sheha ana D.dar.. ICIISh became rhe
fa lher of Nimrod; b. was rhe fi rsr on rarlb ro b. a mighly' mar. . ' H. was 0 mighr)" hunr er
brfore" Ih. Lo.oo; rhereforc ir i. said, "Like Ni mrod a mighly' iH,"Ur before" Ihr Lou.."
beginning of /:Ii, kingdom was Babd, a"d Accaa, a/l of Ihem" in th. land of
Shinar. "From Ibar land h. 11'."1 inlO Allyria, " and buil r Calah
"nd "RUt" &CII"CC" Ninc"cb ,,"d C"I"h; rhar is rht trur 'ir]. UEgyprJ bwmH rh. jarbtr
"r Lwdim, A,,"mim, Leb"bim, N"ph-rwbim, "P"rbrw!im, C",lwbim ( wbtnu '''mt Ibr
Pbililfillrl),,,"dC4Iplua.im.
" C""""" br'''m. lb. j"lber "j Sidoll biJ frrH-b".II , ,,"d Helb, '6""d tbt jcbwJil n. lb.
Amor;,rJ, tbt GirtaJbirrJ, " tbe Hi,,;reJ, tbe ArkiltJ, Ibt Si"IIU, " rbr Ar"adirts, rbe Zema.-
irt!. a"d tbe H"marbiItJ. Ajrr.ward rbe jam;liel "j rbt Ca"aA"iln Iprrad "broad. "A"d rh.
ler.ilory aj rhe CAIIAAlliw e:l<ltndrd from Sida", ill I". di"clio" oj Gera., al fa. aJ Gaza,
a"d i" Ihr dirre'ian ojSodom, Gomo, .a", Adm,,". a"d Zeboiim, a, f"r al La,ha. '"Tbtst art
rh.,oll loj Ham. by lhcirf"milie',I"eirla"g"agrs., bti,'a"dl,,,"dlhri,"alio,u
" To Shrm aho. 11,. falbe, of ,,11 tbr ,bild.ell Dj Eb.r, Ih. rIde, brOlhrr of japhrrh:
,hi/d,ell "'et( borll. "The 10'" of Shem: EI"II!. Allh .. r. A'pa,hlhaa. L"a, a"a Aram.'''
UThe I""' of A,am: U:, H .. t Grlhtr. ""d MaJh. " Arp."hsb"a buamr Ih. fall." "f
Shtl"h." ""dShrl"b'" "r,am.thrfalhtrofflrtr. tJTo Ebrr ",.rrbo ... IWOJO"" Ihell"m.
oflbrollr w"I pt/rt:forin bisdaJJ IbttarlhwaJdi"idtd,,, .. dbi, brGlher",",,mr ",al jolt
ra". "joltla .. buamr thr falher of Almoaaa. Sbdepb. H":z:,,,m""tl". jerab. l' Hado,am,
U:z: .. !. Dilt/ .. h. " 01.,,/, Ht Abimarl. Sbeb". "' 0f'hi,. Ha"i/"b, alld Job"". ,,1/ Ihtl. wrr. 11. .
ID", o!Joltla" . HTh. Irrrilory in ",hi,h Ihy lived exlt .. ded from Mesh" in Iht Ij,rtcuon of
Iht hi!! cowntr] of th, ,all. " Thtlt art 11,. uns of Shtm. by Ihti, f"mili. I. the,r
'''ng"agrs, Ihr irla"dl. a"dthrirna,ionl.
n Thtlt art rht f"mili., of 11,. ID"S of Noah. "uordi"g '0 ,h.ir ge .. ,alpgi.I. In their
.. alio"l. a"df,om Ihue I"e .. aliolll Iprraa "broad 0" Ihttarlhaflerlhrflood .
....... _ ux __ .,....,_ ... ...... (uv .. '-(l.XX
......
..... __ w.. _____ -.-.--. _-s-- _PoooIoo. ..,..._
-..o..do _____ __ . ...-, ............ _
__ .... ____
...-. ___ __ ...- z-w-s-_____ __ -.-. "-""
-............ ...... . ....
.... ....... ,ux ..... _ ux ______ ......... oI_ .. ___
_ -*"' ......... .. ___ .. __ UX(.,..s_ 'ux_ .. :...0: _ __ .... . '->'1. ..... ,.!.xx
... ...,..-- LU .... .. . -UX __ --t.ltX .... ... "- - !.XI
O"U."'II"" Th. narn.;". of Genu;. men
,ionl o .. ly thou ducendanu of Japhe.h. Ham
and Sh.m who,, . .... \>l. , ,, fo.m ,h.i.o,,n
famibeland.olp.ud.ndiff. r.nt u ofth.
M,ddJ.E ... : (Auou'n .... j.Qn.ofth.ducen.
danllofHam""IN,mroc!. ",nocnaledou:
,h.diff ... ntnauonl .... th.u,h.y utd.d
16;
aownin\"otioUI '.gion.tha,theLordh .. d
anigned to ,hem Nimrod ,,'u ,h.
fint '0 iCI:. dcopotic rul. over ,he peopl.
( JillO>el j .nd,, .... olav.of.mbidon:h.
,, .. ntedtol>e<ome a n,tl.,andaktng (CHIlI
5OSTO.W). N, mrod."U nota I,,,.nt of God
but a tyrallt who anedcrueUy.ga,n5t h"
hroth ... { PIIUDO<TIUS).
The p .. ugco in G.ncoi. 10:20. 10:31 and
IO:32 (Kc alsolO,Sj. in .. hichthcdiffercnt
n.llon.fo.mcdb), .hcduc.nciannofJapheth.
H.m.ndSh.m .... d ..,. ibcd ... fcrIO.hc
pc.iodfollow,ngth.fallofth.towcr. whcn
th ... nationl alrcad),.poketh ... ownlan
gu.gcl (AOOuST.",.). Onc ofth.d ccndantl
ofSh.m ..... Ebcr.from .. homthcHcb .....
oflg,n.tc(JEkO .. . j .
10: I Tbt Gumll io,u of Nul" SUI
Duc:."D ..... T'WHoFo . ... DF .. "uu
... "nN .. T' ONI.Au<.HlST'NE,WcmtU.rn .. e.
forcmtroduccinu.tni .... o.k.ncxplanallon
ofthcgcne .. "on.oflh.lhrcclOR,ofNoah.
'nlOf .... rha.mrillw ..... th.prog .... 'n
timcofth.twOClliu.Scripturcr..,tm.ntionl
.h. young ... IOn. who IlClllcdJ.>phcth. who
h.d.'gh'lOnl, .ndby.wo"f.h ..
gr.ndchildr.n . hrccbyon on.fourb) .h.
o.htr;,n all. fiflCcn d ... cndan . Ham.
N""h. middJe Ion, had four .oni.and by on"
ofth.mfi ... grandlonl ndbyoncofthc ..
.wog .... g .. ndlOnl;tn.U. dcv.n.Aft cno
m.r."ng .h ,Scrip.u ..... urnl .o .h.r. ...
of,h on nd"YI ."Cu,hbcg .. Nimrocl;h
... pnrobc.gi.n.on.h.c .. th:H.,, ...
gi.nt huntc g .. inll.he Lo,dGod,hen,c,hey
1.I)."N,mroclam,ghtyhuntcr bcforcthc
Lo.d .. Andth.bcginn.ngof h.l k,ngdom ... ..
fubylon.Ercch.Accadanduln.h. inth.l.nd
of Sh.nar. Out of that land w.n. forth Auur.
.ndbuihN.n.v.h.R.hoboth-I ndulah
ndR ... nb ....... nNin.v.h.nd C.lah,thi.
..... grc .. cnr'" No ... ' rh .. CtUh.f .. h.rof.h.
gi.ntN,mrod. ... ,h.fir ... nam.d.monshc
IOn' of H.m . o whom IOn. and ''''0
gr.ndoon . ....... ibcd. Burh nh.rbcg.t
rh" glan:.f .. , h" 1ranci.on. wc rcborn or
whichi,mo.cc...,diblc.Scripturc lpcwof
him l cp tcl yon accounlofhilcmincnc fo.
men.ion;1 also m.adc of hi, lungdom. whicl!
began with th.t magnificcnt d ry Babylon. and
th.o.h pl.cc ..... hcth., citiu ordiltricu.
mcntioncd a1ong","h it. Dill wh.rilfUo .ud
of the l.nd of Shin ... whoch bclongcd.o Nim.
ro,l". kingdom-that AlIu ..... n. fonb from il
.ndbuihNincveh.nd,hco,he,c"'c' mcn.
.ion.dwi.hit-h'ppcncd long.ftc . Bu.h.
.u.uoccllion,o'pcu.ofi.herconl"olln,
of,h'g.andcurof.h.Auy"anlr.ingdom.
which wu wonde.full y u.cndcd by Ninus
aonofBchu.an.dfounduofrhcg,ulc1IY
N.n ... ch. which wu nam.d .ftc. h.m. N,n'
uch. f.omNinll . ButAu llr.fathcrofth.
Auyrian wu no. onc of.he 1 0no of Ham.
Noahl lon.bu."follndlmongtit onlof
Shcm. h"cldeot.on.Whcnte "'pp"'.",h.t
.mongShcml off.pnngrbucaro ... m.n who
. f rward..ook po ..... ion .. tgi.n",
kingdom. and ad"lnclng from i . fOllndcd
oth.r <iriu. the fiu. of .. h,ch w U call..,1 N,n'
.... h.from Ninu . From him Scriptur.
.crurnl to Ham', olh .. Ion. Mi: ... m, HII
aon. ar.cnllm ..... d.no ....... cnlRdi .. idu .. b
bllt c ... nnation . Andfrom.he,iarh.uif
f,omth "rthaon. lh.rac.call.d.he Phil".
16:
..n ....... id.oh .... lp'ung oth.t,h .. c .. .
in.ll.ight.Then;t.cturn g.into Canaan.
,nwho"'pc.oonH.mwucuflcd. andhll
d .... nlOn rcn. mcd.Th.n.h er ... ori ..
thcyoccupicd,.nd.om.o{th.ci.i arc
n.m.d.AndthUl,i{_coun.lon ndgn.nd
Ion,. Ihcrc.rctbinyon.o{H.m. d .... n
d.n .. .. Si ... r.d .
hrcml1n om.nl1onthc.., n,ofShem.
No.h. elci .... on.fo.toh"n.h"genul<>g,cal
narra.iwci",ciu.llr aoc.nd.from.h.young
Ut. Du,.n Ih. comm.flCem.n: of , he .. co.d of
Shcm on it.r. "ano;'tcuntytitatcalbfor
upbnation i$ w;,h
,heobjee,ofourinv.n;guion.Forwerud.
"Un,oShemalso.thcfachcrofallthechildrcn

childrcnborn."Thisisthcorde,of,he .. o,cU:
And '0 Shem was born Eb.r.cventohim.clf.
...... bornEb.r nd
Shcmi.,hefathcrofallhi.ehildrcn.Wc .. c
intcndcd.ounder ... nd.ha,Shcm il.h.
pa.,ia,ch of all his po .. cri.y who w.r. , obe
mM.ioned.whcrh.r . on . grands"n grur
g,andson. ord .. c.ndan .. at any di. unce. For
Shcmdid no. begctEber.who was ind din
thcfifthg.ncra.ionftomhim.FotSh.m
bcgat, among o.h ... on Arpachshad; Atp
ach.hadbcgatCainan.Cainanbeg.,Salah.
Salah b.gat Ebc'. And i. wU wi.h good tU-
",n,h.thcwasn.mcdfirst.mongShcmsof!"
spring . .. kingprcc.d.nc.cvcnofhi.",n
.houghonlj.grandchildofthcfifthgcnc .. -
tion.Fo,f,omhim . s <r.dition l 'y". ,hc
Hcbrcw.d ..
o.hcrctymologj ,h.,dcrivcs,hcn.mcftom
Abraham ( if Abrahcwsj may p""iblr be
,orrcct.Butth ceanb.littl.doub' tha hc
rnrmc,i hcrightctymologj.ndth.tthcj'
wcr.called.f .. rEbcr.H.ber.ws.and,hcn
dropping. I ...... H.brcw" and so w .. rh.ir
l.nguagcc.llcdHcbrcw.whichw ... pok.nbr
none bur th. pcopl. ofhr.cl.mong whom
,.,as,h. cirrof God my"criou.lrprcfigurcdin
al1th.p"0pl ndrrul)prc n'inrh .... in ...
Si%ofShcmslons.hen.rcfir"n.mcd.thcn
fourg,ancUons born ,,,on.ofth.u.on.; thcn
it mcntion no.h .. ,onofSh.m.whobcg.t.
g<and.on;andhi on,again.orShcml grca,
gr.nd",n. ,. .. Eb ... AndEbcrbeg.ttwo.on.
andcallcd thc on. Pcleg. which mun$divid
,ng:Scrip.urc.ubjoin.thcrc .. onofthi s
namc. saying. fo. in hi. days w."he .. "h
di",dcd:\\'hatthi,mcan, ",m aft",,a,d.
.pp.",.Eb" .othcr ",ngavcbirchtotw.lvc
.ons;con,cqu.ntl).JJ Shem', drsccnd.nrsat<
twenty-feven. 'o,al number of ,h. .
evcnry . hrc.,
fift nbyJ.phcrh,thirty.on.b)"H.m.
twenry . evcnbrShcm.ThcnScrip.urcadd,
Th c.rcthc.o",ofSh.m.after,hci,fami .
li ft .. th.i,.ongu inth.i,lands.af .. ,
,h.ir nation ." And ",ofthc whol. numbcr
Th ...... th.f.m,li .. ofth on.ofNo.h
.f ... th.i'gencration in th.i,n" .. onl: and
bythes.w .. cth.i,l ofthenation,di, .
pe .. cdthroughth ... rth.ftcrthe flood:
F,om which wcgathcrtha,th ... v.nry-t h ...
{o'ra.h ..... I.h.nprc ntl).ho,, ... v.nry
,woj w.rcnorindividu.l.bu,nar;on . Forina
formcrpassage.when.heson.ofJ.phethwcr.
'numrra .. d.i,i ... idincondu, ion."By ,h ...
wercth. idc. of.h. nation, divid.d in thci,
lands"v.'Y0n.afterhi . l.ngu'g ,n.h. i,
rrib ... nd in th.irnation.:
Bur nalion .... . xp .. ssly mcntion.d
amongthc.on.ofHam.a.lsho,...d.hovc
"/I.1;%raimbcga,rho .. ,.,ilO.rce.ncdLudim
and.o.l.oof<l,. na,;on.: And
.fte,cnumeratingallof,h.mltcondud ...
Th .... rcth on. ofH.m,in rhclrfami
li ... . ccordingto.h.ir l.ngu.g .... ntheir
.. "i.o.i .... ndinth.irn .. ion. :Th ..... on,
,hen. whr,n. childrcnofsc"cr.lof.hem ...

'0 oth.r nation. and did not thcm.elve.
b .. om.nation \.Vhrelsc i,i,d,..tnough
eight.on. arcrcckoned.oJaphc.h. thc.o",
ofonlytwoofthu .... m.n .. on.d;.nd
I"ough four arc rcckon.d '0 Ham.onl)'th ...
.rc .poken of as l onl: and
a .. rcekoncd ' 0 Shcm. th. dcsccnd.n" of
163
onl)',woof,h ......... ccd'Did.he rcst
rcmainehildlcss,Wccanno,.up?osc ,o; hu,
,n. ), did no, produce n.,ion. so .. '
,,arun hci.beingmenlionedbut w ...
ablnrbed,nlhenation o",hu:hrhcy
belonged by birth. C'TY OF GOD ,6. ).'
T .. . P.UU .. .. IN GIINU1& R ..... TO y" .
P ... , OOA. T . .. T .. . F .. LLOfTII .TOW.II;.
AUGU$TINI: In th. nme book [of Genuu].
wh,(nth.generalion.orthelOn.ofN .... ha...,
recaUed 10 ou, minds. wc tud.n ... a..., .h.
,hildr.nofHam>nthc'r",bc.KCOtd,ng lo
tho"rongueI.inth.irl ond.andn."on.:'
AI.D. inenum.ta"ng .h. lOn.ofSh.m, .. 1J
. aid. n c .. c rh. child,cn of She m in the;,
rribes ."ord,ngroth.;rtDngucs.inth.i,
land.lndnadon.:' And,hi.i.add.d,nr.r.r.
.ncc , 0.11 Df ,h.m:n ..... Irt the tribes of
th. IOn.ofNolh."co,di ng.n.hc,, Icnorl'
tlon.on.daccord,ng.olh.;,narion . From
,ho ....... ,h.illand.of,hen .. ion uucr.d
o".r ,hc .... h.fr.rthcflood.And.hewhDI.
e'l'Ih .. 'asonttonguo,andthc. o wason.
'pecchfo,IJI." And.o,t>ecau thi.nn .. nc.
wasldd.d:Andth a"h,,'uon<longu.and
th ..... uonclpccchfo, all {.h .. i . ont l.n
guagc for thcm IlIj. " could bo inf .... cd.h" a,
.ha, "m when humIn boings hId boen IQ .
, .. dKCo,ding . o . ho island.of.henation.
o".r,h ..... h . hc .... .. on.l.ngu.g.com
mon.o.llof.hcm.Without.doubt.lhi,con
".di". thc ... D'd.u.cd abo" . .ccordins'o
thcirtribo.and.onguc.:For ... ch.ingl.
"ibo rh .. had formed ind,vidu.l nl"onl
wouldnotbo ... id,oh."ch.d".own . ong .. e
whcn .hcr. was I common onc for all. So" ..
by wayofr.cap"ularion.h ... h , dd.d:
And,h ..... hwuon ong .. c . ndlh.r. w ..
one'p"cchfor.JI:ncna"a"vc,wuho .. r
mtn"on,ngil.g"".ba,k rotdl how,:clme
abou"h ..
mtn,,ubrokcn"p ,n,om'n)",ongu.,.And
,mmtd ... tl,. ..
thetow.r.wh.nrhilpunishmtnrfor.he ..
prid.wa.infl iclcdupon.hem by.hediv,n.
j udgm.nt. After . hil even' they w u.
teredoverth.earthacco,ding.o .hcirlan,
gulges.C .. _.ST, ... , I N5T .. UCTJON).)6. 5),'
N ..... ou C ....... aVY T .. . N .. TION5
AccoaO'NG TO Gou. W,Ll . E ........ TII.
Sy .. , .. N: Concern,ng Nimrod. Mo uid,
Ht,, .. am,ghtyhun .. ,b.ro ..

wo. hewhofoughlwi:h","ofthc .. na,ion.
. ndch .... dlhemou' from ,h.r . o.hlt Ihcy
would go ou, and l."leinlht rtgion.tha,
hid bo.n ... 1 ap ... for by God. Th ....
forti, ,"uid.liktN,mrodamigh,yhunlcr
bcfo .. ,heLord:On.u ... d , obltls.h,.ror
arul.rbysay,ng.M' yyo .. b.likcNlmrod
migh, yhun.cr who ..... ",cl<>riD ... inth.b".
cl .. Dr ,h. Lord: 0 .. GBNU'S
8.,.2.'
N .... OD , . TH. F, UT TO RULE o v."
PIO.U. )1100 ... : 'And Chus [Cush ] bog.:
N'mrod. nil man bogln.o bo pG"",rful In
.. " .. :And . ft.'al"d ...... hilt. illayli,
And theboginni ngofh' li kingdomwuB.abol
IndArachIn<lAch.d.ndChalan n.in rh.
land of Senur [Sh>narJ:Nimrod. IOn of
Chus ... u ,he Ar .. ,o i%Cd.'poric rul. 0"",
.h.p"0plc .... t"chmcnwc .. noly .. accus
,omcd'o:lndhere'gn.dinB.abyloft,wh,ch
..'U clllcdBabol,boCl ..... ,htllngulr sof
thDIO build,ng .ower w .... thrown inlo
confu .. onthcrc.Fo.Bao..l$lgnif,clconful1on.
'G.,Ool(l. '(;..,'0:'1
11". 'fC:''''''''. 'fC'J..I*,,-
Th.n he abo reigned in Arach, .hal la, In
Edlloa:andinAchad,whichilno ... caUed
Nllibit;andinChalanne.whichwll la r
ca1l.dSeleuciaaf.orkingStlellcu . ... h.niu
nOm. had b n chang.d and which I. no'" in
.c .... Jfac.call.dC iphon.H ..... wQ" ..
TIO",.ONG.",U,S,o.S.o.'
N, ... OD OU ' .BDTO B.co".A K, ,,,c;.
CHBUOfTO": Th.n sacrcd ScrlP'U'" on
from th,. po,n, '0 ,cll o(,hcchild.en born.o
Ih. ,on. in thclc wo.ds:Now. Ham b<camc
,h. r.,h ofCII.h; and fllrth.r.Now.Cu$h
became ,he fathor of Ncbrod (Nimrod), who
bcgancob<agi.n,onunh.H.,,u.gian.
hun'.r b<forc the Lord: While fOm. I"'0pl.
oay ,h. phraub<furc Ih. Lord' m .... nl b<Ing
inoppo"ilion , o God.lon Ih. con"a'1' do no,
.h".kc dScrip.u ... illmplyins,hil.
R.lh.r." ,mpli ha, [Ni mrod) " .... rong
and brav . But the phrasc bcfo ... hc Lord-
mUn, created b) hi m. rc"eiving f.om him
God', bl ... ing. 0. i. mar mun .h .. God ... a.
on.hepo>nco( .. o>uingoll.wondcrlhrough
him bycrcatingluch .... mark.bl. c ... atu ...
anddllplayiDghlmb<fur.wonlh.urth.
N.m,od.oo.how.ve . inhi urnin ,mi ;on
of h., forcb<.rdid no,.ak.du dvanugc or
h"nlluralprmin.nccbu,hiluponano,h.
form o(oervirud. in.nd.avoring co bccom
1I1 .. andking.You .... ,h.rc ... ouldnol. vcr
b<.kingllnlc .. ,hctcw cp<oplcbc,ng
ruLcd.Su,in.h.,c.nf ... domi.",cnfot
whal .. teall), I . whetus IJav.'1' il ,h. mo ..
gaUingob"acJ.,ocondi,ionloffr .. dom.
... h.nallrh.mo pow.ri ,...dHdov f ....
l"'0pl . S..wha,ambi"onilguil.yor.
Oblcrv.bodily.ucng.hnork"pinsoi ..
limi .. burcon .. antly lu .. ing.flCrmo. e.nd
cJurching (0. glorr. You I ... ,he ordc .. [Nim
hc
hccv.obuild.ci.ieowirllavicw .oru],ngon
h n.rny. Ho .. ,uuo"'G .... SlJlg . g.'
N . .. . ODI ' .. TT .... "'T WHOF. GHTI
AGA' Hn H. , S.oTH ,.P.UDBNT'Uf:
A Nimrod. who Soc ound . h .... orld. mad.
rough
W"hdccp ..
...
Tovanquuhoth.nbrhi,s,anta,ml
And.prcad hi. d.adJy "iurnph,f ... nd wide
O G.NO.SUII .S!
TH. H ....... , OUCIHD OM E .
JaaoMa: b(r. from ... hom .h. Hebr.w,
d.H.nd.d.b<ca"",of'p.ophcc) gavchIlJOn
.hen.rnePtles, ... h,chmcan,drvu,on:on
.ccoun.or,h.f .... h .. inb .. d.y.,h.l.n
gu.gClwufd.vid.dupinB.bylon.H ........

16,
G."u'S""-9
11:1-9 THE TOWER OF BA BEL
' Now Iht wholt t"rlh h"d O"t 1""g""gt "".I ftw ',4. "J "I mt" mig .. utd from Ibe
t4lf. Ihryfo""J .. ploi" i" Iht lo"d ofShi"o,! "nd ultltd Ihlrt. JA"d Ihe)' laid.o ont
uo.htr.' Com Irl NI maltr briclts. ""d b".n Ih.m Ihoro"ghl)".of And .ht)" had ".icltfor
liOn . olld bi.umr" for mO,la,. 'Th." Ihry laid. "Com b"ild o",srlvrl a cilY. ""d a
lown w;.h ill 101';11 Ih. o"d I "I m"lt. a nOm. for 1'1' w. ". JCo.urrd
.. broad "POll .hrf .. " oflbr wbol.urlb." ' A"d th. Loar>'"mt dow" 10 ,rr .1,. d f)"and .ltr
lown. wb"h Ih. lOnl ofm," h .. d &"ill. fA lid 11" LoUts,,;d. "B,hold. Ibt)" a .. 0'" propk
a"d.btyltovta!Jolltl""gw"gr;a"d.hil ilolll,lh'&'gi""i"gof whollhrywmdo;ud
1I0thillg .1,,,1 Ibt)" p,opOSt 10 Jo wi!1 "Ow b, i"'poUiDlt fo. th,m. IComt . ltt "I go .low". o"d
.hrr, ,0llfWlt tlttir I""t"alr. that Ih.)" m"y IIOt ""drrJIand 0". ""ot"rTI Ipr.,"." 'So tht
Loar> IUIIr .. d Ibt'" obroadfrom tbtrt ovr. Ih f",t of an tb. t"rth. ""d Ih', Itft.offbllil.:!.
j"t th. cily: ' Th.rrforr;1I "am, W"I uU,d B .. &d," b"",,1t thrr. th. Lo.D lonfll,td' lb.
Ja"l"ag' " of oJJ th. t"rth; all.:! fro", thtT. Ih. Loo. Ic"ttH.d Ih.m abroad ov .. Ih. fa .. of
a!Jlh ortb.
,'-' .... IoIoI.......,I.U_.,....."' .. ux_I.U ...... _ .... . ......... 'ux_""I-U ..........
_ -I.U __ ).
oV'.' ' Bw,ThtSep,u'gin,rrnderoSabclu
Sabylon ' andinthis pau.o.gttransl. .. "si,u
confuJlon:Th. men who mlgu,. from ,h.
ca .. ,n order to found Sabylon.rc led by
amb;,ion and pride (CHOXSOSTOMj. Sohylonis
fO\lndcdby Nimrod,.schecap".lofhi.lung
dom.Tntmh.biun .. ofSabyloncon .. ruCf
Ih.towcrbeca"stln.hcuptid htywan.,o
defy.ho power of God (AUGunt".). Tbe
inhabotanll of Babylon ace g,.nu who build
the.ow.cforth ... ownsaJ, ion
D'O""YSlU' j.
\\lhen God "p,Come.let u.'" dowII .nd
,h ... canf".tlhei,langus:hei, addrcui ng
,heo,her pcnofU of ,h. Trinltr (AOGUntN. j.
The Son 11 the 0"" who IS 'enl.O ,h< urlh In
ord.t foconf" .. the lanj!"".ge (Nov.o.n ... ,. ).
S".arh, ",h.hi,anuofBabrlon ",. ch. p"vi-
I'geofh.yingas;ngle!angu'g.forcyilp"r.
pooc.GodconfuJ rheir'pch",fhu.hey
'" nOI able to "ndeutand.ac:h o' n"'nr -
mO .. God ..... hu they ...
abl obuildth.tow.rbcc ..... lhey.pukfh.
"me l.ngllage. Therefo .. he confwo,.. rho ..
lInguag.ino,der,op .. ven,.hcmfromfini.h.

\Vh.n.hcinhabi[lnuofBabylonlo h.ir
l.ngll.ge ...... rbr .. luo" mongth.m.Nlm
rod i"he one who winl rhi,,, .. a ndhocom
,httul.rofS.bylon.fttcheh .. ".neud,ho
J'OP"lationofth.citythroughoutth.carth
(EPHRII .. ). Th. inhabitanu of Sabylon arr
K.n ...,d for the .. welf ... 01110 .. 11). The
.
doom of,h. ,0"'., ofB.bylon i,.con ... n,
w .. nin,fo ho .. .. howan'.o.,hi f.m.
by b"ild,ng Ipl.ndid ho ..... (CHIlTSOSTO .. j.
11,14 Tb. T"wrr of Babe'
THonWHoFoul<oJl DBAJln.o ... L 5,,5T
A .. . 'TI O .... CH .. TSOJTO .. , .. Wh.n.h.y ... "'v .
l.df,om, h ...... th. yfoundopcncoun'ryin
,h. l.ndofSenn., (Shi nar).nd.."d.dth ... :
Notic. ho ... ,h.h"m.n 'n .... d of m.n.,
ins '0 kp '0 ". own boundari , alway.
long.fotmorcandrcachuou,forg .. ar
,hings.Thi.iswh ... h.h .. m.nracchulol<in
r""icu1a . no. beingpr." ... d
h.bm'tnion.ofi .. o ... ncond"ionbu,.I .... y.
lu"ing"f ... mo . n ..... ;ning.mbi,ion.
b.J"'ndl ... . .. g".d.,oo .... h.n
p.opl.whochos."ftu.h.,hing.of,h.wo.ld
acqui .. fo,.h.m..,l ' muchw ),h.nd ...
... s.th.ylo igh,of,hci.o",nn .... rc,ui.
w.rc . ndupirc,o.uchh.igh., .h th.y'op
pl.,n,o.h' ryd.p.h,.Youcould .... hi ,
.. yd.y ... ithou, .. being.ny
,h.wi from,h igh,ofi . ln".ad.,hc)
pa .... fo "'hil.h,,'imm.diu.lyloH.UrcC.
oll .. "onofotandtakt,h.",m o.dao.h.
o,h .... ndfalloY.r.h."'m.p.ccipicc.Thi.i'
ucd)whllyouc.n..,.happcning.othu.


"y in.h.landofS.nnar [Shinar) .nd ttlcd
,h ... : S..ho ... ing .. d"al .. agui ...... h .. u'
,h. ,n bihtyofth." ",,,tud . Wh.n ,h.r
w,h.op<n ,oun,rr(h.,u,aay.}. ,hr
p.ck.d up and I.ft.hcirpnviou.d .... lhng.nd
.. "l"dciown ,h"rc. HOM'L' IS 0 ... GKNII'S
)oS.'
N, .. ao" Is TOll FouNo. a 0' B .. lno".
AUGUSTINE: Thu city n .. m.d "Confu"on"
wu non. othn than Babylon. to ... hou mar .
velou on. " .. c,ionl'"ganhi.toryb"ng. t ...
timon, u.ForB.bylonmun. "confu,inn." h
would . eem,hat,h,foundcrof ,hc cltr "u
,h. giant Nimrod ...... os nodu d .bo.e.' In
mcn,ioniogh,m. 'he Scrip.uro tdls u. ,h.,
B.bylon wu,heh.adofhi, k,ngdom.mun .
ing., ,he hud of all th.o,hu c,,"u.thc'"r'
i,al wh. r. ,h.gov nm.n, of ,h. kingdom
hadiu . u"How.vcr.,hc d'y n :rru.h. d
,h.k,ndof .ompl .,nn.h .. ,hcpridcof
impious m.n had dream.d. Th. act .. al pl.n
caU.d fo, an imm.n h.'gh.-It ... u mUn,
.o.uch ,h kJ. Thupcrhap. ref ... 'OOnC of
i ... ow .... which WaJ '0 b. highcr ,han.ll
,h.o,herl.orpcrh.ps ,h ..""d ....... ' rn. ,.
mun.U,he 'ow ... m".ha. ho ... .. n
mun ,ho"unds of ho ... m.n. C'T' 0 ' GoP
.6 ..
TNI BUI L"I'" T NI To ..... , Dan GOII .
AUGUI TlNI:Af h . flO<>d.asif ... ,.,ngto
fOrlifyti>.m..,lv"'gainsrGO<l .,if.h.n
couldbe.nyth,ngh,ghforGodo,any.h,ng
.. c .... forprid . c ..... in"'oudm.nbuih.
to ...... o""fl$,hl),IO.h .. ,h.) m',h,no.bc
du ,roy.dbya flO<>di f on.c"mcl"ttr.For
thrhadh .... d.nd ... . ll.d.h.,.I1'n'qu'q
hadbe.nd lroycdby.h.noocl.Th.y"'''
unwilling '0 .b.uin from ,n'qulty,
IOIIghtth.h.igh'of o .... rag.m lt"flO<>d;
th. y buih alofty .owcr.Godsawthmproci
andh ... u d.h,.di,orcicr,obc ntll!">"
,h.m h ...
Itlndonc.no,h ... "nd,ongunbccam.diff ...
.n',hrough"r;d . T .... CT .. THa Gos
PlL orJoHl< 6"0.:. 1
THE Tow .. , Is BUILT BY THB G . .. NTi
PSBu" oD'ONYS'US: \Vha, abou, ,he w.rof
.he gian ... described in Genelill !t is said,
God wu.fraid of.ho.e powerful men.nd
r,icked,hem,.ven.hough.heywer.buildi ng
th.ir tower nO. to hann anyon. bu,fortheir
own pre ,,a,ion. L6TTBU 9.115".'
11:4-8 God Con/II' .' Th.ir Lllngllllg.
GOD RHFaaS TO TMB T .. n'ITT WM'" HB
S ... YS " Ln Go DOWN. AUGUSTINE: It i.
conceiv.bl ha. he .. ,h .. e m.)" h,v.Men an
1lu,ion,0IhcTrinity.ifwe.uppose.hat.h.
Fatheruidto.h.Son.ndth.HolrSpi,it,
"Com letu.duc.ndandconfoundtheir
tongu ."Th.suppo.i,ioni ,.ound.Su, ifso.
wemu,ulcoutthepos,ibilitrthatangel<
"'"c meant. And surel)" it i. more proper for
.he ang.l o come to God unbidd.n. mo"cd
bjgracc . ha, i . bj the thoughts that make
them d."ourljsubmi .. ivc tounch.nging
rruth.as '0 , h ... "n.l la,, th .. rul .. ,heir
heavenl)"courl.Th.ang.1sar.no,theirow n
cri .. "onoftruth,bu,.dependingoncre ;v.
tru,h . heymo".unbidd.ntowardi,as
towa,d a founta;n oflife from which ,he)"
must ;mbiM wh.t th.) do no' have of ,h.m
.el"n.And theirmOl ion is ",ithoul change,
since rhey hep coming. never rod'part.CtTY
OFGOD,6.6.'
THB SON Is ONB WHO TO
E ..... TH ... ND Coo/ PUS .. THB L ... NGV ... GH.
NOV ... T1A,;:Mo'''''pre .. n"Godasdesceod
ing,o thctowerthatth onsofme"",e ..
building . ... k,ng.oin.peClit.nd l"ng,
"Come.lc:us godo,,nquickl)"..ndtherecon
fuS<'.'"",I.nguag . o that they may nO'
under"andon nother"" p.ech: ,>,<bodo
theb.r ..
,0 ,h. tower in.hi. p .... ge.nd then oought to
vi.i, thue men! Was he God .h. Fuher! In
that c ... , God il enc1o.ed in a place. If .o,
how.hendoe.h.embrac llthing.IO,i.i,
po .. ibleth .. he.p uofanangdd cending
wi.ho.h ... nge!sand saying,"c.,me, l lUg<>
downquickly,.ndthe,econfw.theirlan.
gu.g."1 On the contuC), we no.e in o.:ut.r
onom)"lh.titwuGodwhorecounl<dth ...
.hing ndGodwho'poke,wh .. ei.iswri.
ten,"\Vh.nh catt.udabr.",drhe.on.of
Adam.h uptheboundari .. ofth.peopl.
.ccordingto ,he numr..r of,he.ng'ls of
God."'Thereforethe Father did no,de"end .
nOr did an angel command th ... ,hings, ,he
narra.ive dearly indicat ... Accordingly,.he
onlyremainingcondu.ioni ha,h.
de".nd.dof whomth.apo"lePauluyo,"H.
whodescended,hei,iswhoucend.daJoo
abov llhe.v.n"th.,he migh' fill all
.hing.:' that is, th. Son of God,the Word of
God. ON TH.T,,'NITY '7.7. "
\IlHY Do .. GOD THE
ofTHBC'T'ZIINSOFB .. BYLON! CK .. nos
TOM: Thi. in fact i. the ' .... rth. Lord is au.
,0m.d.oMh.v . Thi,i,,,,hat he didin,he
Mginninginth.c .. eofthe{first J womanas
well.Sh.h.d.busedth.st.tu,confer don
her.andfor.hatreuonh ubjecrcdher.c
her hu.band.Again,r"",in ,h. <asr ofAd.m.
l incehed .. ,,ncad,..nu.gefromthe grtat
.... h njoy.dandfromlif<inth.gard.n
bu,ra.herrenderedhimselfliabl opuni.h
m.n, through the fall,God drove him ou' of
.hc garden.nd inflicted on him.verlasting
punishm.n,in,hcword. "thorn. andthistlel
IM

th. p.., .. nt cue, who had beend'lniA.d wirh
imi!amyofl .nguag.,UlCd .h.prrwilegegiv.n
.hemfor .vilpurpo s.h.pu .... op.o.h.
impuloc of th.ir wickedn ... through crea. ing
diff.rcncc.inl.ngu.g - Lctulconfu hcir
.pcech:h y.: ... . hlfthcy ... iIJbe IIn.bl o
und ..... ndoncanothcr.l.ngu.ge: HlSpur
po ..... u .h ... Ju ..... imil.r"yofl.ngu.ge
:.chi.v.d.h.irhving 'ogc.hcr . odiA'e.encr,n
Iangu.g. m"ln c.u .. d"p"tI.l.mongth.m .
HO .. ' L"SOt<G.,.U15Jo.lj, "
Goo T MB .. .. F"''' H' '''''
THBI. Tow . CO .... OD' .... : Th.y foolilhly
beg.n,obuilda.owcr.ha"ouchcd.henan
.ndthoulhr thc" migh. be able tochmbth.
ok,eowllhll.B".God, .ee;ngth th."work
proc .. dedbec.uscth.y.pok.rh ..... m.l.n
gU'gc., n.c ... cnedandcaw.d,h.m.o'puk
diff ... ntl.ngu.gos.Th.nhc,co"ercd,hem
byiJOluing.hcmin,h.i,land, of.heu"h.
loth., na"on, ,pukingdiff.rent 'ongu
aron.So ..... oFT",oP.OPLIS,6s69."
11,9GodScoll crs r".P,,,pl.n,,,I':"""'
I",E",I"
Af T GOD CO,.u/US THI L .... o" ....... ..
\V ... lh .... " SOUT. EpHU .. TH.SYII,' .... : lt
i.1ihly .hll .hr lo ... h.ir.ommonl.nguage
,,hen they Tecc,v.d.h ... ne", langu.g . For
iflhci.oTlg,nallangu1Ichad not perioh.d
.h."fint .1 .1 w<>uld no. have cOm. to noth
'ng.h .. .. wh.n.hrlotlth.i.o,;lin.ll.n
gu. g . whtch ..... lotlby .Uth.n.tion wilh
on. cxccp<ion. thlt.h." firs. build,ng cam.
fonough,.ln.ddi .ion.b.c.u ofthei.n.,..
I.ngu.g ... ,.,nkh m.d.,hcmfor.;gn ......
eacho,h. r.nd inc.p.bl .of und.utanding
on. ano,h.r ... .. b.okcou, among m.m on
G"'U'SU" lI
account o(thc d,'O';alOno that languag ..
broulht .mong them. Thus war broke 011
amongtho.e",hohadbccnbuild,ngthalfor
.ifi. d c" rou,offur of o,h . ... Andalltholt
",hohadb nk.cpi ng.h.mlcl."",,ar from
rh. ciry ",.rc ... "cf.d ,hroughou, ,n n""
.... h.Ir"' .. N,mrodwhoocan ... d ,h.m. h
...... lsoh.who ....
r. .. ,.1l1 ... If Nimrod had no,oca. tcrcd,Mm
<uh '0 h" own plac . h. ,._ld not have been
1,1.10 tak. tharplac''''h""tb'r all hadhved
bcfor . Co ..... "T .. u
8.4. 1."
TK' B,,,u> , A D. 5. "";'UII} po. THi n
0 .... .. Wu .... '.JUO .. E: JuS! u when holr
men ltv ogcthcr. 11 11 a gr"'grac. and ble ..
"'g; .... lik .... "., hlfcongr.g.'ion ll .h.
wotl.k.ndwh.n"nn" .. dwoJl'ogc,h' r.Th.
mO' c,'nnttl th ... arc a' onc urn., th. wor ..
.her ar . Lnd d,wh. n the.ower,,ub .. nl;
buil r upagllnltGod, tho," whn wcrcbuild,ng
If w.r. d,.blnd.d for th.i.ow" ",. lfarc.Th.
con'piracr ,, ... viLTh.dispc .. ion ,, of
trll.ben.f" nro,ho ..... howcr.d,,
pc ...
TH, 000 .. Of THI Towu Mun 6,
R .G ... ol " u" \\.' .. .. " I NG. CHlI.nOlTo .. :
The.e ... manrpopl ven,oday,.,ho ,n ,mi.
.ation of th.m want 10 b ... mernbcred for
. u.h a.hitvem.nlS,brbu;ldin, lpi.ndid
hom .. , bath., porch nd av.nu . I mcan, if
you ....... oukuchofth.mlVh)th.ytoil
.nd labor and l.y outluchgrcat npen lo no
gooc! purpo , you would h ... noth"'E bu:
th ... vcrr ... ord . Th.y would be ICek,ng'o
''GtoJ,11. WFCll,l29. ''CCLIZ5:79. "Fe"',.-""" ""e
"",XI.
G."U,s""-9
.n.u ,h hc;rm"mory.u...,iurnp"rpcll'
uy ... d,oh .... "uid.h., thi. i.,hchou ..
belo .. gi .. g.olO-.nd-IO .... hi.i.,h. pr0p",ty
or ... .nd-IO:Th ... onthccanl,."ry.;.worthy
not of but of cond.m ... ';on
Forhu duponlholewordlcamcathc.
'cm.rlu.quwa!cnl.oco .. nd" .. uc ..... ' ion.-
belong'ng" o.nd_lo,h.g .... pingmi ....
d .. poile.ofwidow ndorphan.: So . uch
beh ... ,o.,. ,alcula.cdno o urnrcmcm.
bun,ehu,cn cncounccrunrcm,c"ng.ccwa.
tlon . . .. , hi cv. nocoriCly.frcrduchand,n' ''c
,"",onguuofon]ooh ,oulumny.ndcon
dcmn."anof,h.p" .... nwhoacquind.h ....
gOO<U. Bu,ifrou.r nxiotUforundyi ng . cp
IIlu;an.] will oh ..... y .... me la , .. ud 11\
being rememb ... "d for every uhiu"menl and
.1.o longwitha"u,"Uc ..
youndf .. ithg...,a,confid"nce;nth"agcto
came. How will you manag" both 10 be
dar aft", dar and all<> buo"",
thcruipicnlof,ribu,c.ucnaftup .... 'n'

.hu.goo.uofyouui .. to.h.h . .. d.oflh,
poot. I. ",nggoofpnc'Oll1 nnu. magnifi.
con, homu.p""p" .. ic. a .. dbarh . HoM' L'U
O ..
10-28 THE NA RR ATI VE RET U RN S TO SHEM
AND HIS DESCENDANTS
'"Tb,Jr 'He rb, of Sbcm. Wb,n Sbrm 10101 bundrrd ]"HI aid. br bream.
lb. falb of IWo ]."r! after lb. flood; " ""d Sb,m liv.d afur lb. birlb of A.
pa,blb .. dfiwbl,"drcd].orl . .. ndb"dolbcrsonlanddaugbltrl:
" Whn Arp",blbad' bad lived Ibirly-fiv,' ]."rs. b. b.u ... r lb. f alber ofSbd"b :' " "nd
ArpMhlbad Iivrd afu 10, b<rrh of Sbd"b
f
foUT hu"drtd "nd Ihru JC"'S. ud b"d other
$0111 ana
" \Vb.n b"d livcd Ibirly" Y''''I. b. of Eh.; u""d Sh.l"b lived
"fter Ibc birth of Ebrr four bNndrrr and 11,. Jun. " li d h"d 0110 .. Jonl ""d d"NghuTl. '
'. \Vb." Eb.r h"d liv.d IhirrJ-fo ur" J."r$. b. b"alll t Ibt f" lb .. of Ptl'g: " and Ebrr
Irvtd "flt r Ih birl h of Ptlttfo", bu"drcd'- " li d Ihi.rJ '."'1. "lid had orher $ollS "na dugb.
len.-
" WI"n Pdrg had livcd tbirty J,,,r$. br b .. alll r rb. fa th" of R. u; """d Prlrf live.:
"fUr lb. birth of Rc" IWo bndrrd ud ".n. ].ars, "nd bad olber $Onl all d dughl"l.'
lII Whrn RCIl bad lil'ca t hirl]_IWO
H
]."rl. hr b .. "mr rb. f..rhcr of Serug; Rr .. livcd
aftrr lb. birlh of Stng I ... b,, "drur' " li d itve"yta.l, alld h"d olh 1011 1 "nd dOligbr ....
1
"When Serug lived y.ar" bua",. the fath.r of Nahor; Serug (ived
afur the birth .. fN .. hor t", .. hundredye .. ", andh .. d other ,On, "nd d .. wghter,. '
"When Nahor had Jiv.d y.ars, h. buamt the father of Terah; " and
N .. hor liv.d after birth of Ter .. h a hundred .. nd yean . .. had other
.. nddaughten.'
Ttrah had lived uv,nfy years. he bu .. ",. the father of Abr .. ",. ...
H"Tan .
l'No", theu are the descudants of Terah. Trrah w .. s father of Abr .. ",. Nahor, and
and Hara" was Ihe f .. thcr of Lot, "Haran di.d before his father Terah In th. land
afhis birth, in Ur"' ofth. Ch"ldeans.
....
... ............. oooI....,. ,.... ........ _olSol.oooI __ .......... oooI
"'"'. - I..U . _..,j -,. UI..U '"'- _ " LU ...."..,j ............ "''''T''- ' ur_
...." "'I..U __ - LU .......... oooI.......,. _ -1..U .... 1oooI
OVBI',VIBW' Af, ducribingrhe earthlyeiry
ofBabel.Scripfure,evert'forhepiou.patri -
ch Shem. who.elineofdescendanu leads '0
Abr.h.m. The ftom ,h. flood to Abr .
h.m ... l.072.Abrah.mw .. bo.n;nth.l.nd
of .h. Ch.ldea".. who Wete d.eply immened
inunhol)'s uperltition . Only,hef. mil yof
Ab .. ham worohiped the 'nle God (Au(;vs
T'NB) andthe,eforewupenecu<edby.he
Chaldean . who even execu<ed Haran. the
b.other ofAbraham (JBlt.OMB).
11, 10-23 The Dme" aolltl "fSh""
SC .. . PTu ... RBv ... n TOSH ..... ND H,s
DlI5cBNo .. I<T AuGuST,NE,his necesur).
,herefore.<op,e. er.elhe.eri ofg.nera,ion.
ducending from Shem,fo, the ul<e ofexhib-
i.ing.h. ciry ofGod after.he flood. A ...,fore
the flood it ",a. uhibi<ed in th. series often
eratlonsde.c. ndingfromS .. h, now i,i.
..
di.mc Scripture. af<etexnibi,ingu. ... nhly
city as Ba!;.ylon o."Confu,ion; rev.rt ro th.
patroarchsh .. nand.ocapitulatethe genera-
fion, from him '0 Abraham, l pecifying fh ,
year in which each fafherllavebit.h ro ,he.on
.hatbelonged,o.hi.lin.andhowlongh.
lived.Andunque .. ,ionably i,i.thi. thatful
fiH. ,h. ptomisc I made.tha,it . houldappe.,
why it i ... idof.h on. ofE""t.The namt
ofth.on.,u,P.leg.fo.inhis day heea h
,,a,divided."' Forwhalcanweundennndbj'
,he di.i.ion of.he earth,if no, the div.ni,y of
languag .. ' And. therefore. omufing fhe other
.on< of shem. who ue no< concerned in , n;,
maue<.Scrip.u.egiv<stnegenealog),of .ho,e
by whom the line run. on foAbraham, ao
...,fo .. rhefloodtho ..... gi nwnocarrLed
on ,he line to Noahf,omSeth. Acco,dingIJ
,hi , rie,ofgenecation. bell;n' thu,, The,e
arethegeneration.of Snem,Sh.m,,z,ahun
dred years old and""ga, A.pachshad tWO
year< aner ,he nooc!.And shemlived .f<e, h.
begatA.p.chshadfiv. hund .. d y . .... nd
NgU JOn' .nd In lila I1
rcgillcrllhe,ul.naminglh.yearofhiahfo'n
... hich.achbcglllh.JOn ..... obclonge<!ro
rh.,],nc.harur.nd.toAb b.am.lt,p.dfi.,.

beg<:nlngJOn.andd.ught .... tha ..... rn.yno.
childilhly l uppol.tha'th.m.nnam.dwu.
.h. only m.n, but th" w. may undultand
ho .. .h.popu!adon,ncuu.dandho ..
rtgion.andkingdom ovu,couldhepopu
la.cdby.l>cd .. ".ndantJofSh.rn.E'pc:cially
th .. utrucof.hcklllgdomofAuyna. f.orn
which Ninus l ubducdtho . urrounding
n .. iolU,"'gn,ng .. ithbrillt.n'pro'pc:.i'Y. nd
ccnd.n .. aullbu.
th"roughlycon.olid.tcdcmpi ... whichh.ld
'OjI.,I>c. for m.ny nru .. CI. Crn Of GOD
r6 . 0.'
11:2428 n. .AllctJlorlofJUro",
TH. T'''B S ... " B.T""" TKB FLOOD .... 0
A ...... H ..... Auc:UST ... E: But to avoid n d.
Ic ..
bcrofy .... uchm.mbe.ofthi' ... i ],v.d
bu,onl) th'ycarofhlllif.,nwh,chh.g.vt
birrh.ohi.h.it.tha,w.ma) t hult.ckonth.
n"mb .. of yu .. from th. flood to Ab h.m
.ndmaya,th ... rnc"mcluv.room.o
touch b ... flr and curlorily upon lome o.hcr
m.II ... ncc.uuy,oourargumcnt.1nth
econdy .... th.n . ft .. th.flood.Sh.m
wh.nh. wao 100 y .... old hegat Arp.ch.
had: Arp.chm.d wh.n h ... .. 135 y .... old
heg.'Cai n.n:C.in.nwhenh.w 130y ....
bcg .. Salah.S.I.hhim'.lf.too ... u .h. um.
.. liv.dI34yu"
andb.gatP.lIl,'nwhn .. d.y h ... rrh .....
divid.d. P.l<$h,rn lfl, .... d 130 y .... and
beg .. loved 132 yea" andb.g.:
s ug;Secug 130. and b.gat Nahor;and
Nahor79,andb'gatT.rah;andT.uh70.
andbcgat Abram .... ho, .nam. G<><i.ft.r
w.r<lschanz.d into Abraham.Therc ... thu
f.omth.f1oodroAbnh.m I.Ony .... .
according '0 th. common or S'ptuag,n, v.,.
.. on . 1o th. H.br .... 'opiufarf.w.ry ....
'rcziv.n.andforthi,.i.hcrnor ."ono.a
notv.rycr.dibleon.i.givon,C'Tto,Goo
.6 0. '
A ...... H ..... WOal " , o THI Ta"a Goo.
AUGU5T' .. K:'Nh.n.lh ... for ...... loolrforth.
e'tyofGodin .hu ....... n' y.' ... onallon w
canno,affirmthatwhilclhcyhadbuton.
tongu . ,hll i . on. languogc. th. human nce
had d.paued from th. wouh,p of ,he true
God.Norcan .... concl"d.lh.tzen"'nZodli.
n.u had ,urvivcd only in tho,eg<: n ... t,on
hlld.",.ndfromSh.m,hroughA'pach.h.d
.ndr ch.oAbrah.m.Butfromth.tim.
wh.nlh.yprolldlyb"ilta,owcrtohcav.n .
ymbolofgo,UCI ",ltllion.ti\Od,yo"oci.
.'Ymth.w"k.dbccomu'pparcnt.'Nhnhcr
i!wuonl) di'gui dbcfo ornonui".nt.
whcthcrbothci"u.cmain.daftcrth.
f100d-thogoclly,nlh.twoooruofNoah wl!o
w ... bl .... dandinth.irpo ... "') . ndth.
ungodll' in th "rHdJOn an.d his d...,.n
dants.f.omwhomsprangthatmight),h"n .. ,
allainatthcLo, d-isno uilyd.t.rm",.d
CrTTofGoDl0. l0."
TH. F.""LY OF A ...... H ... ' Wu P ......
CUTaD pOa IT. P'.T1'.J O ... : "And Atan
[Haran] di.d befor. hi. fathcr III tbeland In
.....i,hh.wuborninth ... mtorrofth
Ch.ldulU.[np!ac:.of ... hat ...... ad [Ill th.
LXXju";nthet.rrtt0f}ofth.Chaldean.:in
th. H.b...,,,, it h ... "in ur Chudim: that i.,"in
the fire of the Chald ... no: Moreover the
Heb...,w., ta!r:ing the opporruniry afford"d by
,hi. ver", hand on astoryofthi onto ,h.
effe" tha, Abraham "'aspu, into ,he firc
becau.eherefu.ed,oworship.hcfi..."which
theChalduruhonor,andtha,hee..,aped
,hrough God'. hdp and fled from the fire of
idolar,)', What i.wri"en [in the LXX) in the
following veroes, that Tha,a [Teuh) with hi.
off'prins"wen' ou, from th"err;,o,y ofthr
Chaldean.s:' standsinpla""ofwhati.con,
,a;ocd in theHeb,e"', "from the fi,e of the
Chald ... n.: And they maintain that thi . rorcrs
towh.ti" aidinthi, vefK:"Arandicdb"fo,e
,h.fauofThara;nthelandofhi,binhin.hc
fi,. oftheChaldean"; that i., becausc: he
,efu.cd tow"rship fire, he was consumed by
fire, QUIiSTtOI<S 01< GBNESIS 11.18, '
'Gm!1:ll."HQG4l,
29-32 ABRAHAM AND HIS FATHER, TERAH,
MOVE TO MESOPOTAMIA
"And AbTam and look wivtJ; namr of Ab,am'J wife wa, Sor4;, and tbe name DJ
Naho" wif., Mikah, Ih. daughur oJ Hara" tb. Jatht. DJ Mi!cab and l"01h, .oNow SaTa;
wo, barrrn;.beh01d nO child.
" Tn01h t ook Abram hil .011 and Lor thr Ion oJ Ha,an, his g,andlon, and Sarai hil
daughrn.in.law, hi , '0" Ab,am', wife, and they w,nr Jorth togetber Jrom UTI DJ th,
Chaldean' to go into the land DJ Canaan; but when they torne to Ha,an, I theJ ,wled there.
" Thr .lap DJ Tnah Wc" two hundrcd and fivc J,ars; and Tcrah died in Haroll,'
Ovn.\,mw, Abraham and hi. brothe, Naho,
marrrSauiandMikha,Saraii.al.ocall.d
Iscahinthebiblicalna"nive (AucusTlNt,
.. Terah. Abnllam and hi. famil), leave
the land "fthc Chalduni and move.o Me.o
potamia (AuGusnNE),Abrahami ,theonc
wholead,hi,ratherandhi,family,oMe,o
po.amiaafrerGodhad.ppeareatohim
(CHI\YSOSTOM), Naho" Abnllam', broth .. ,
lap.e,in,othe.uper"i,ionof"'eCnaldun,
andlater,b),reasonofhi'rtpentance,tml'
,ra ... in,o Me,op",amia as Abraham had
done bef"re (AucusTlNE). Terab di .. in Me$o.
poramia, bu, i,tsnofpo .. ibl o e$,abh$nthe
G ...
.u,.numbc:rofycuothath.hadlpcn.in
,ha. land (AUGUSTTN.).
11:29-30 AI ... ,m all" Nahor Wivu
IIC .. H!sTM,S"'U. .. SS .... u.AUGUST'HI:
-And Ab .. m nd N.h", took them w,vcl: .h.
name of Abram', ",if. wu S.,a;; and Ih. name
nfNahor'1 wif. Milcah . h.d.ughtcrof
Haran. ,h. f .. h.rof Milcah, .nd ,h. fa,h,of
bcah:Th,. iscah i. luppoud.o be .h .... m.
as Sa .. ,. Ab .. h.", . ... iu.CrT .. OFGoD ,6.,:.'
11,31 Tu,," L ... v., Ur,,"" Smlu ill
Har""
T .... .. ,A ..... .... .. .... "T,, &, .F .... ILT
l. ...... u . AUGUST("., NUl If" ,d ..... d
ho .. T ... hwi,hhi.familrl.ft,h' ''''g,,,n ,,f
th.Chald .... n ... ndcam.'n'oMcsop"'amlll
.ndd ... cI"nHa .. n.Butn("h,ngi.u;d .. bou,
oncofh"lon.caUcdN.hor.a, ifAb,amh. d
not t.k.n h,m.lonl:w;th him. For the na"a
tlv un.thu,, -AndT ... h,ookAbramh ..
... n ndLo,th.sonofH ... n.h .. "'n ..,n.
andS ahhi, daughrct.,nla .... h'.",n
Abum'o wife. and led them fOrlh oul of ,he
rcs,on of th. Ch .. ld n, to So in'o th. land of
Canun,. ndhe came in,o Ha.an. and d ... 1t
,h ... : N.ho. and Milcah hi,wifc .. e
nowh e named h .... C,T .. Of Go" ,6.t }.'
R.L .. T ' ON5HTPS\>," T H ' .. T H BE .. t<' .... Tt .. G
F .. .. .. E:Aran{HaranJ was,h onof
Thara[T .. ah j.th.b.o,h ofAbram.nd
N.chor INahor ]. andhcf .. h ... d,wodaugb.
t.".Mclch ... IMikh,j ."dSo ,who ",.
nam.d je" ... l i..,.h). h.d .... o namu.Of th .
Nachor 1001: Meleha a. wif and Abram ,001:
S.ral.becau m .. ",agub w nund nd
brolher' h.d "Ot ye, b n forbid.
d."brtb.la .. .E ... nm .... ri.o.rsbc: ...... n
bro,h.n.nd.incr' '''' .... con' .. , damong
Ihe fiuI human bc:ingi. HURBW QUUT(ON,
... g.'
A ....... .... l. . .. ". H, 5F .... ,UOUTOPTH.
l. .. N" O.TH.CHAo LD ... NS.C"USOSTO .. :
S;nc . howcy.r.rh ...
patriarch.l.tul pu,bcforcyourgoo-dnlvu
.o-day. ruding. if ynu do no, mind .., ... to
uplainitand.hu.e theutrao.d,nary
degu.: of the good man'. virtue.-Th ...
!Th ... ); .he tut oa)"l'.,ook h .. ..,n. Ab ..
ham and Nacho h" ",,, '. s.o" Lot. and h ..
daugh ... inI .... Sar.h.hi onAbr.m.w;fc.
and led th.m f.om th. land ofChald,.. to
JOu.ney in'o ,he Londof the Ca"uni.c . H.
wcn, as far as Chart.n IHa .. n} .. nd ttled
.here. Than lov.d 'wo hundred and five yean
inCh ... an . ndd,cdinCharr ... n."l.c,,,.
a".nd prccucll' ,o.hc r ding. I b.luch you.
.0 .... '0 m.nag. 'og .... p.h< pl.,n n oflh.
wri"ng . Notc.,nfoe,.nghtmlilfbc:glnning
.hue eml 10 bc: ''1unnon ,n th. word.
" d. Th .. bI.ued au.ho.-Mo .... r m .. n-
. ar -Th.ra . ook Abrah,m and Nachor and
l.d,h.mf,om,h.r .. ndofCh ... ldutojourney
infOth.landol.h.C .. n .... nitu.H.w.n ...
far a.Chart.".nd se.rI.d ,hu.: Th. bl.ucd
S"phenwouldlalcrw-c:th.foUow,ngword.
'npra ..
.ppca .. d '0 our fathcr Ab .. h.m wh.n h ... ...
,nM<IOJIOtam,.befor.h.uttl.din Charr.n
... nd.f ... hi. f h .. di.dhel.dh,mlh ...,
tOI.ttl.:' So what do ,ha,mun! b . acr.d
$c.ipt"re'''<on ..... ''' .. ithlt, .IHNot'''aJl;
..th.t.you nud.o und<urandfromd"o.ha,

'NPNFl:H' .. 'NPNF1:,1IS.19.'HQC fl.,....,,n. ...,,
....."'''''LXXdwOwr-om ..... -.'''. ' ...... 1.:. 4
-,
.,nee 50n .... God .ppeared
", h,m and eaU.dllpon him 1o mOe,huc.
Hi. fuhn Tha.a. 'hollgh h. hlppcned.oh.:.

fn,hi.,on'gr d , ooceomp.nJhiminhi.
m'grllion.H.wcn oCh.".n,IC .. lcdlherc
.nd.h".cndcdh"lifc.ThcnuwUlha hc
pu,,'reh movcd.o Canun If God', bidding.
Of [Oll'at. God did no ..... n,f .. hIm from
Ihcrc IInlil Th p ... ed on. HO'UUUON
G ....... )'.7.
N .. H O .. I.. .. T U . J01NS H , s R . L .. TI V .. , N
.. .. IA. AUGUSTI .. U' Blit Ifterward,.
when Ab,lhlm ocnl his ,ernnt.o Ilk. a wifc
fn.h"5Onisllc.wcfindi,.hll.w", .. n,"And
th."nlnt.ook .. ncamdsof.hcumclsof
h,.Io.d, "ndof.Jl.h.goodlofhi,10,d .... ,th
h,m, and ImIC, Ind w.n. In'O Muopolam""
In.o . heellyofNlhor."' Th,,"ndn.hu.elli.
mon, ofrhis,lcredhistnry.ho"lhlt
N.ho,.Abrahlm, bro.h ... h.dllool.f.lhc
rcg,onor.he Chlldcan nd hlllt>od. in
Muopoum,a. wh ... Ab.lhlm dwelt with his
fllhcr.'Nhr, . hcn.did rhc Sc"prufc no. m.n
"on h,m when T,,"h wi,h hIS flmily w.n'
fonhou.oflh.Chald.ann.tion.ndd....,II'n
H.ran.Jlnce"mcnrinn,.hath. look wllh
h'm no, only Abrahlm his..,n bUI 1110 Suah
hlldlughtcrinlawandLothi ,grond,on!
Theonlj' rcl5nn w.can ,hinkofll.hatpcr
hap,heh.dl.p .. dfrnm.h,plClyofhufa,h"
Indbro.her.lndadhc .. dtn.he.upernillon
.... ndh,dlftu,,.,d' .. m,.
g,ar.dth ....... hcrthmughpenitcnnor
h.:cau h ...... penecu'edu.luspe, .. dpe,
"'n. CITY Of Goo ,6,'j.'
11, 32 T.rahDin in Har,,"
T H . OFT .... l 'IlO/ol AD .. ,. T O
A ...... " .. ,.. AUGUIT"'!' On Terlh. dUlh in
M''''poum,a. h. u said 10 hIve liv.d
...... hllndredandfi ... ye<l.u . h.promll .. of
God mld o Abrahlm now h.:g,n . 0 h.: d ...
fi.d.Sn " ...... i ... n.And th. day. ofTcrlh m
H.r.nwe .. rwohundrcd.ndfi ... y ..... lnd
h.d .. d ,n H an."Th .. i.noltoi:>e.lken .. if
h.h.d .pen,allhisday. lh. rebll . lh.lh
h ... compl ... d.h.d'ysofhi.lif wh"h
... wohundrcd.ndfiv.y ..... O.her ..... "
would not he kno .. n how many yea .. T.rah
[n,,,,d ,nce"i.no ... ,dinwba'y ...
h."me,n.oH ... n.And" .. aMII.d.o.IlP
po.e'h.tin.h .. , ..... ofg.nu.tton . wh ...
il,.carefullyrecord.dhowmanyyca ea(h
on. lived.hi gc w.a. Ih. only One nOI pu,on
cn.d. Fn,allhnugh onm. whom ."C.lmt
Scripturcm.nllon.dnnn.h.v.lh''''ge
ruord.d . hcyorcno.in.hi,o.ri ... ,nwh .. h
th.",ckon,ngoftlmci.conrinuoulij 'nci,
,"edby.hcdu,hof . h.p"ren .. and,h uc
.... whi.ch
i'g,v.n in o,der f, nm Adam.o NOlh and
from h,m down.o Abraham. con, .in. no nne
wi.h(>II" h. ... ofhi.lif.
C1T\' Of GOD ,6., .... '
17,
f
J
A p PENDIX
Early Christian Writers and the
Documents Ciud
Tht following table lists aU mt arly CbristUn o;; d in this voIum. 1' .uthor. Whe ... vail .
obk.Ce1edoc.ndTlGd.giwrd' .... "" .. ....,lisll
" mhr(>,r
Fl<gh,f'romrboWorid (DrMo......di)

Iouc.m. SoW (De IM4C wI..,i"",)
... w""'.)
lenc .. (Epu ..t..)
le ..... ..,B"t.op. (EpIS(wLu)
len . .. 'olaymen (EpiI Lu)
len . .. ..,Pri.", (Epil!wz...)
On lkLefrn,hoR urreaion (O'a' .... wjra!TU5.I;rri)
'OnNoah"(DrNot)
.. "(Dt,..N<Ii>o)
Pamardu (Dr,-...I'<hu)
A"ony"'o",
l.wcol &mabas( .............

Apb h.,
Dc:monllnrion,
'l'uw le ..... (Eplu.t..fo>/.>kJ)
'On th. lncama"on (Dr , ... ..m.;)
Aus " ";'"
"p.<rutjuhan (CowraJoJ-w ... )
'o,Nuan iruttuCUOn(o. <ioariooo ........ ,_)
,--
Ce1edocom
Ce1edocOI23
CetedocOI28
CetedocOI30
CetedocOI60
Ce.tdocOI60
C.,edocOI60
C.",d",OI60
C. d",OiS7
Ce,edoc0126

Cetedoc0132
TtGI2161lO1
TLG13S01lO1
TlG203S.xOl
TlG203S.002
GaHUlS,.,'
OryofGod(Dt"""""Df;)
ConfutiOlU(CC"fi"iOflw", !ib ... mdtctrn)
EighrythIft Qu .. .... ,"t' .... rribul }
Faith and worb (DrfoVtlopm .... )
l..encn(EpUhoIu)
'On Faith and theCtud(Dtjiktl.,...&elo)
OnN.arun:andG,....,.. (Dt...u"", tl l"OI .. }
'On the Uter.ol lnterprcl<lOOn (DrGm .. i U Jitl ..... '" ''''ric'''' la.,.,)
'On ,he Litera! inrerprel<l,ion ofGenui' (Dr Gm .. , U litl ..... '" lib .. G.....'tn",)
'On the Tnnit} (Dr
' SennonJon the Liturgical Seuon(s..-}
Tneu\a.ontheGo.po:lol)oh ..
TwoBooluonGc ...... Ag"' ... ' the Manichauns (DrG ...... ,""""M ...n....-)
O .. iltheGru,
Hcx ... mcron (H......-I .... ,,,I>aa.r_)
Homiliaonth.PWnu (H...,;I .... sooptrPs./_)
'HomiI)' 2O.OfHumilnr" (0. 1n.1fIiI1Wt)
Lencn (EpuI ...... )
On .... HoIrSpiri'(Dt.l' ... ,I"',,)
S. d. ,h .. Vc ... rabl.
Horni!;e,;ontheGo.peil. (H""'il .. ,.,.". ..... "td"liionii)
On .... ........ ... """" .. "'1iionIli)
Cau.ri.uofArl ...
s.,nnoru (s.r""", .. )
CI.mcn,ofAlcnndria

Ed>wu.rion to the Greeb{J'To!rrpI" ... j
S .. om ...... (.sm.....u)
Clcmcn, of Rome
'n.. Le ... , to th. Corinthia ... (Epis<..w iotlc...,..mo...)
CommodiaD

err
i
...
'Lenen' (q",uiot l
C=doc0313
v,IocO!SI
vrNoc0289
c. .... "'"
Vtcdoc026!
C=doc0250
<:.io<'3
Cer.doc026ll
Ca,.doc0266
Certdoc0329
Certdoc02.S4
C=docO!7S
C=doc02hS
TLG2040-OO1
TLG2040.018
TLG2040.o36
TLG2040.004
TLG2040-OO3
Ce<cdocl167
Ce<cdocI34)
TLGOS;;.l102
TLGOS;,-OOI
TLGOS5,.004
TLGI!7UIOI
Cyril of Julloal. m
C ... ch.lic>l Lenu .... (P""",,,hr.u)
Cal.d1 .. ical Lenu .... (u.,,,I.t""Qd ,11.m' ... .J .. 1.18)
Di ad<>,hu. ofPhotiu
'On Spiritual p,.rkcti",,
Doroth.u. of Can
' Spirituol lnltructions"
Ephrem th. Syrian
'Commentary on Gen .. i,
Hymn.onParadi. "
Fulgcnriu. of Ru. pe
"To Prmron th. Faim' (D<ji4t oJ P<trum)
Gregory of Nuian:uo
'AbouI th. lord'. Ne", Da), ' (Jn n"""m Oomi"""", r .... "'. 44])


"Theologi,al Onl;""$ 28' (D. ,hrolot"o ( .... 41. 2$J)
'Theolog"al Onlion. 29" (o.ft1'" r""'l. 29j)
Gug<>rr of Ny'"

Onrh.CrealionofMa"" ro.opifoichommil)
Onth.OriginofManro...",oti ... ,homi.u..,.",.prim., rSp. j)
'On th. Origin of Man' (D. mlll' ... ,hom"'" ..... "'OQh<r (Sp. j)
'On m< Soul and th< Rurrtction" (D"'Iofo, dt"",,,", " """rru,,,,,,.)
OnVirginit), (Dtv,'l'''''.u)
lrenan .
Again., Herui .. " (Advmltl horTli)
iuar ofNi neveh
TLGI""dUl,...,n .. . p ...... lth ... I ..... n . <trib."d ,. S .. ;l th' G ... '
C.redoc0826
TLG2022.051
TLG2022.059
TLG2022.052
TLG2022.008
TLG2022.009
TLG201i.046
TLG2017.07';l
TLG2017.o>4"
TLG10I 7.043
jc...,me
... ;"Gcsc. ... )
Homilies
Homi'r 1-0... PuIm I (TI'lIlU/vj!i:<ir:p,.,_)
Homily 10-0... PWm 76 (77) (Tn''''' ..... '''' l'wl""",)
Homily21-0...PWm91 (92)(T ............. [g:"'PaaImcaI )
Homily66-On PWm 88 (89) (T"""",w"",,,,p...J....,.orntI ahma)
Homily s.-o... Mark (T1'lIlU/vj;" M.ni ..... I!fdilo"'j
Homil)'9J-0... wre, Sun<by (lndi,domi"wJ>.u.lNat)
joJ:.DCa .. i ...
...... )
)ohnCb'y"ollom
Agaitut.Ju<bi=gO>risrians CA.iwn1dJ.M-)

C."'cbericalLcctureo(CO'u ...... odiflw .. , .... ..do. I-3)
"HomilicsonGmesu (boGtmsim/lxmul.o.I-67J)
HomilieoonjohnC&OJr-_ f",""""",I-UJ)
SCrrnoruonGenesi. (Inc...... ... /_19j)
JohnofD ........ u.
.Onbodo:t Falth (E:c,..II .. jiJti)
jllllinMartyr

Lunder ofSuill.
Th<Trauung"'NuN"
Muimlli ofT .. rin
SCnnono rColltaio ............. ",.n'iqw.o)
Muimul ,h. u Df ..... ,
BooI:ofDifficuh, ... CAMl""""mh ..... )
N ...... ill. o( E ... ....
"o...n. No ...... "'Man" (D< _w"';,.",., .... j
l8C
c...;."""
u , tdocOS92
Catdoc0S92
Ccu:docOS92
Ccu:docOS93
Ccu.doc(l594
Ccrcdoc0603 & 0604
CeredocOSl2
TLG2062.021
TLG206B81
TLG2OtiB82
TLG2062.1l2
TLG2062.IS3
l
TLG20ti2.Il)
,
I
TLG29}4.ocH
I
TLG06'I5.003
c:-.>ocOO9)
1
Ccrcdoc02190
1
puhFoodl(DtciltuJ...w.ru)
'On the Tnn,rr(Dt Trimwt)
Origon
AgainarCcI.U$ (C-",cro..",)
'Commcnwy ""John' CC-......... ,.;; '" -ntd"'''';,-.u)
ExhonationroMartyTdom (E.rl.c>rw .. .J........",-)
'Hama,a on Gmail (H_u...
Hom;lo .. ...... )
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..... -r)
Po,.m;u.ofLi,bon
t..:m:ronth.Sub ....
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ScenetlTomSacm:lH;.-r(T" .. r;Ioul......,..'"SI ...
P, ."do Diony,i u.
'CclatW H, .... .. (V. <l<IM'
'D, ... neNama(V.dt",,,,, """,,"ilrwl)
t..:""n (Eput ..... j
Pnud".Macari, ..
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TLG2796.ClO4
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'Fihr Sprnrual Homih .. "(H_,Uu 'f""".'/cs SO) TLG 2109.002
....
' Book ofProm;oaand Pt<:dkt,on.ofGod (Liiotrl"""'w ...... "'" pru<il<''''''''' DtiJ Cmdoc0413
S.bd" ...
"Bookol'Periecnoru'
S.hi." ,h. Prubr'u
The Govemanu "fGod"

'On th. C .... "onofth. Work! '

Symeon New Theologian
DiSCOUrKS"
Again.' Marcion (A.ivm .. , M.o ....... "")


Th.odore,ofCyc
Compn>dium of the H .... ticaJ f.b.J4".m ,.",pmd..",)
On m. Intama,icm of th. Lord" (0. j",anotl'lOft. dvm,ni)
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TLG4089.031
TLG40S9.02!
TlG40S9.022
CHRONOLO(l I CAL L I ST OF PERSONS
&: WR I T I N(lS
Tb. following chronology will assiSt rude .. in locating pa";,,ic writ"". wri t ings and recip,en"
oflene ... efer.edto;n,hispatr;"iccommenUC), Persons .... rr.ngcdch.onologicallraccord
mgto the ... minal date of the yea .. during which ,herfl"urished rfl. j 0 . wh.re th.,e.nno,'"
determ,ned. the date of d.ath or approxim.te d.te of "'ridng or innuena. W.iting. are arrang.d
.cco.ding to ,he approximate d3l. of composition. Tbisli" i. cummulative with r.spect to vol
um .. ofth.ACCS I .... dtod
Jo,cphus. FlavJUs.37_c. 101
Clement of Rome (pope j. r<gn. 9:l-JOli
ignatmoofAntioch.d.c.1J(HJ:2
L<lUr.j B",noblU.c.130
Di .... ,h . c.140
Sh'pherJofHerma..<.J40/ 155

S"."dLn",.j CI.",.", {so_caJledj.c.l;O
PolycarpofSmyrna.c.69-1;;
Junin Marty. (ofFlavia N polis in Pal.,
,inej. c. 100/ 1l0165,n.c. 14S161
Or.d ... c.lauerh.lf.2ndc.nt.
Th.ophilu.ofAntioch. l .... e<ondc.ntury
T.".nthe Spi.n.c. 170
A,hen.gorasofA,hens.e.l77
ITen.eusofLyons.b.c.135.n.180199;d.c.
202
ClementofAleundria,b.(. 150.n. 190215
Tertuliian of C .,h'ge,(. 1551160225/ 250;
11.(.19; 222
C.llistu, of Rome (pope). r<gn. 217222
H,ppolytu. of Rome, d.2H
Minuciu.FelixofRomc,n.2181235
OrigenofAleundri.,b.185.fl.c.200254
NO\'l,ian of Rom., n. 2352;S
Cyprian of Card uS', f1. 24S25S
Diony.iu.theG.earofAI.nndria,n.c
247265
Gregory Tbaumarurgu. {,he Wonder
worker },c.213270/ 275
Commodian.c.,hirdorfif,huntu.y
Eu,h.lius.he Du<on. fourth untury'
VictorinU50fPetovium (P ..
Methodiu.ofOlympu . d.c.311
L."antiu. (Africaj. c.2;032;; f1.c. 304321
Euscbiu.ofCae .. rea.b.c.260/263,n.,
us
Aphrah .. (Apbr.a ... ).c. 270c. 345
Pachomius, e. 292347
Hegemoniu. fl. ,
32535{1
Cyril of Jerusalem. c. 315386; fl.(. 34S
Eu .. biu.of Em .... e. 300c. 359
M."u, Victotinus. c.2S0/ 2S;c. 363; fl
Acacl ... ofCularca, d. 366
Madonill,ofConlun';nopl d.c.362
Hi!aryofPoi, ie ... c.3 I S36?; fL3SO36i
Po.amill.ofLi.bon. fl.c.3S0 360
AthanuilllofAluandria.,.295373;fi.
325-37)
EphremtheSyriln.b. c. 306;fl.3631n
Mac.ina,heYo\lng.r. c.12? 380
Sal il,htGrn,ofCullrca, b.c.HO;fl .
GrcgoryofNa: ... n%\lI.b.329/330.t1.1n.189
MacaroIlJofEgYP1,C. 300c. 390
Pscldo Mac'''"I.fl.c. 390
G .. goryofNy ..... c.335 394
Amphiloch,,," of lconillm. c. 340/ j.c4;p""
'" Pa\llinlUofNola.35S-431;fl.3S9396
Amb.onofMilan.,. 333397; t1. 374397

Evagrill l ofPontu 34S399;f).382399
Syriac ", ). (.400
Ap",ID1"Co".w.f,.,,,.c. 400
ScvtrianofGabala.fl.c. 400

john ChryJOfCom, 344/ 3)4..4Q?; fi. 386..4Qi
jeromc.c.347-420
Muim ... ofT"nn. d. 408/ 423
Ptbgiw.c. 3SO/354-c. 420/ 42S
SlIlpic, ... Sevu .... c. 360-c. 420
Palladilll. (. 36542S; fl. 399 .. nO
Thtodoreof Mop, u ...

AlIg" ..
johnC.llian. c.360432
Fu,idill ..
Hel ychi". of Jcruulcm.f1. 41245-0
E"cheri". of Lyonl. f). 420-449
Valerianof C,m,. : .t1.(. 422-439

Cy.il ofAluand.ia, 375--444; fl.412-444
P..,,,doV,c,o.ofAn,ioch, fifchcen,",y
Ammonilu,c.fifchc.nrury
Pc rChrylOloglll.c.405-4SO
Leo.h. Gr.a, of Rom. (POpc) . ...,gn. 44(l461
Th.odorc. ofCyr, 393-466; fi. 447-466
Sa,i l ofSel\lda,fi. 440-468
Salvian ,h. P.nbyt.r of Ma ... ill .. , c. 400.(.
.. ,
HilaryofArln.c. 401449
E\lthymi\l. (Palc .. in. j. 377473

Gcnnadhu of Cono ntinopl . d. 471; n.
458-471

S32:t1c. SOO
Symmach ... of Rom. ""In. 498 514
jacobofSarll,. 451 521
Philonn\l. of Mabbll,. c. 440523
FlIlgen';\I,of R"'pc.c. 467532
Sev(r\l,ofAn, ioch.c.465538
Ca .. arill' ofArln. 470542
Oorothelll ofGa:.a.fl.c.525
Cyrilof Scythopoli . b. 525;fl.c.5SO
Puchuiw of Dllmillm. c. 515,. 580
L ... ndu.c.)4Sc.6O(l
()ocumcn, w . ,nhc.nrury
G.c,,>r'Y .h.Gru. (P""!'<), 5-40-6O'I; ""gn.
,,, ....
bidor.ofSeviUe.c.S60-'36
S.hdon. (M'''yri \ll j.f1.63;-640
Bra\llioofS.rago .... c.;8;.651
M .. ';mll hc Conf ... or.c. 580.662
And.ca. (c . cvcn,h ccnrury)
baac of Nincvch. d. ,. 700
6cde.h.Vene.abl 6n73;
johnofOamuclIl, c.6<!;c.?49
l. hodadofMcn.fl.c.8SO
Sym.on ,he N .... Thcologian. c. 949 i022
Tncophylac,ofO;'"d, c. l0SO-c.l l 08
B I OGRAPHICAL SKETCHES &:
SHORT DESCRIPTIONS
OF SELE C T ANONYMOUS WORKS
Thi'lining i. cumul .. indud'ng all the authue. and wudu; cited in this serin to date,
AluandccufAluandeia (n.312328}.

Athan:uiu . upon whom he a .. cned considc,'
theological influence during ,he ri of
Ariani . m. Alcund" u<ummunic".d Ariu.
whom he had appo;nled 10 the pnish of Bau
c.li . in 319. Hi. ,eachingrtgording.heuer
nal gene, .. ion and divine l ubnantial union of
the Son with ,h. Father w:u eventuallr con
flrmcd at the Council of Nicea (325).
Ambros. ofMH.n (c,333397,n. 374397),
Bi.hop of Mil.n and tuchu ofAuguscinc
whod.fcndedthedivinitrof thcHolrSpirit
andtheperpuualvirginitJ' ofMac)'
Ambro.iaotcr (f1. <. 366-384). Name given b)'
Er .. mu. to th.authorofa wo,konce thought
, ohave""encompooedb)"Ambro.e.
Ammoni ... {<.fifth ccnturr}. An Aristotelian
cummcntatuc and tcachcc in Alcxandria,
where hc I.'" born and of whose Khool h. be
came hcad.Alw an uege,. of Plato. he en
joyedfam.amonghi,conmpon,ie.and
,ucccuor., although modern cr;ti accusc
him ofp<=dantrr and banality
Andeu. (c ... vcnth ccntucy). Monk who col
lea,d commentacr fcom .. clicc wTiten to
form a catena un nrious bihlic.1 books,
Aphrahat (c, 270,350 fl. 33734S)."ThcPer.
,ianSage" .. ndfirotmajorSyeiac w,i. erwhu,e
al,u known by hi. Greek
Apollinariu. ofLaodicu (31O_c.392).

Gregor)" of Nazian.u., Gregor)" of Nr'u and
Thcodor<focdcnringthatChriSthadahu
m.nmind
Ap"'oH, (c. 381394). Though,
to be the work of the Arian bisl. upJulian of
Ncapoli . Thcworki.dividedintoeigh,
bouh.a"di'pr;maril).coUect;onofandex
panJion on previous works such as u,eDid4,b,
(c. 140) and the Ap,,,,.h, Tr.di,ion'. Book8
.n';'wi,heigh,yr,."canon.f,om,ariou.
sou,cesandisd.cwhc,..,knuw"a.th. Apo.o
toli'
18_'
Aei .. . (fl. c. 320). Hu<tic at tne
CouncilofNi<a ( 25) fu,refui1nStoaccc""
tha, the Son was nota .... ,ure bu, ""a. God
by nlture lik. the Father
Atnanu i,u of Ale un dei a (c. 295373; fl.
... from)l8,
though oncn in ik Ht WTOto hi. clai. po.
IcmiClagainlt the Ari .. ns whHe moU of the
e ... ternbi.hop. wcnagainlt him.
Athcnal"r (fI.176 180).EarlyChrini.n
philOlophu .. nd apologist from Athenl,
who$< only authnticat.d w'"ting.. A Pk. Rt
p 'd'ntO' ... "IU,i. addrUHdtotheempcron
M .. rau Aurotnu and Commod.'Ui, and do.
fends Chriuian. from the common ..:nu.a.
tlonlof uhellm,mce" ond c.nnibolilm.
Augu .. i .. e of Hippo (354430). Bllhopof
Hippoondavoluminou.writcronphilofOph.
ical,u.gClicaJ.rheologicaJand cccle.iological
.opin. He formulated rhe Wutern doe"inCf
ofpndUlLna. ion andoriginaJ , in m hIS wri,
,nv oS",nlt 'he Pclasian .
S.ba; .h, G.u. (d. 62B). Syro.ac monk who
foundedamonuteryandKhool,nhilresion
of B.,hZabda) andla trvcd u thi,d , upc.
roora. the Gn .. , Conven. of Mount lzlodu,
mS .. pcriodofcrisi.in,htNc"orianchutch.
S.,H.h.Gru. (h.c.330,f).3S7319).On.of
.heCapp.doe'anfathe ... bllhopof C ...... ,ca
.nd ch .. mpionof.h ..... ch, ngonth.Tnniry
propounded .. t N",cacain 325.H ....... grea.
.dm, .. "truorandfound.d.mona"i( rulc.
Balilid .. (fl . .."ond,en,ury). Aleundri .. n
hucucof . h ... r1r .. condccn.urywhoi .... id
. o havcbe],evcd.ha oul. migra,.frombody
.obodyand,ha,w.donOllinifwclie.opro
tee, ,h. body from ma"yrdom.
Bede .h. V.nerabl. (c. 672/ 6137)S). On. of
.hcmOl,lcarnedmenofhi.arcandau.ho,of
A_E<d ..... " ,.I H,,,..,.ofd'.EMlluJ,P .. ,1t.
Born ,n N"orthumbri.o,.t,h.ag.ofiCnn
Bcd . .. u pur und .. the c ... ofth,Ben.dir
tln.monk, ofSa,nup.t<r .ndJ>a"I .'Ja<To,,
o b,o.dd ... " .. I .d"eauon in ,h.
mona .. ic "adit;on.
B .. k.!S,,!'. (c. 400).Anonymou. Syriac
work,on".ungof,hil homil .. , (>rdi
cou .. " and whkh.pccifk,Urde .. 1 "'ith tlw:
more.dvanced .... gClofgrn ... thi nthe.por'.
tuallik
BencdiClo(Nllflia (c.480S41).Con.id.,.d
,hcmo"imporun,figurein ,hc hiJloryof
W.ltern mon."ki.m. B.n.din found.d
many mon ... eries . hemOltno,ablc(ound.,
Mont.u ino, bu.h,.I ... ,inginflu.nCllay '"
hi. famoUl Rule. Th, Rule out"nCl the ,h>.
log.caland,n.p"."onalfound.ouonofth.
mon." i, idul ",hil bo Icg.d."ng ,h h .. pc
ondorglnizationofthecoenoboticlif.
Braulioo(Saragoul(c.58;.65I ).Bi.hopof
S .... go .. a6H-6SI.ndno .. d ... rit.rof th.
Vi.igoth .. .. n ....... "c . H" LijrofS, .A.mil
ian ... i. hi. crnwning li,crary Khi .. emen,.
C ..... ria.ofArl .. (c. 410542). Bi.hopof
Aries from SO) known primarily for h,. pu,o.
.. lpreach,ng.
Cu.i.n,Johll. (J60-4J2). Au,hot of. <omp"
ladon ofu,.tic 5Iy,ng' highly influ. nt i .. 1 in
,h. dcvelopm.n'ofWe .... nmonastic .. m.
eauiodorll' (c. 48;c.;40). Foundcrof
We"ern mono"i, i.m whose writing. include
uluabl. hilloriu and le uluabl. <ommo,,
Ch .... mati ... (fl.400).F.i.ndofR .. fi n ..... "d
J.rom.anda .. thorofuacu.ndnrmon .
C]cmen.o( Aleundria (c.I5021S). A h'Bhly
cducat.dChriuianconvcrtfTompagoni.m,
h .. doftn.catcchetical lchoolinAlexondri.
and pionecrofChriuian.cholat. h,p. Hi. ma
jorwork.,P ... ,rtpl,,"' . P ..... Pf"' .ndth.S, ...
.... 'a, b"ngCh,,"i.ndoc:ltin.r . .. ,ofacc
18,.
... ith,h.,dc .... nd:achicvcmcnuof h""m .
CI .... "",ofRom. (fl.c.92101 ). Popcwho ..
E!'''rlt'. '&. C'''"'",b .. "'isoneofd ... mon 'm
po ... n,doc .. monuof.ubapo",olic ,imCl.
Commodi.n (c. thi,dorfifth ccn,u' r )Poct
of unknown origin (poosibl)' Syrianl ) ",ho
.... ol .. rvivingwo,klfoc:usontheApoc: .. lyp ..
and Ch""iln apol"l\"'k .
Cypri.n ofCanh_g" (fl. 248258). ... d
bishopofCuthagc who maintained that
tho.cbapll:cd by ochi.m ico and hCTOI1n
hadnooha,.,nthcblutingsofthcthll.ch.
Cyril ofAluand. i. (37S-4+I;fl.412-4+1).
!'unuch of Aleund ... ..,ho.ellrongClpollsa!
ofthcunlf)'0fCh.II.I.d,o.h.condcmnuion
ofNello,;us;n43).
Cy.iLofJcrll l&l.m (c.3IS186; fLc .348).
BI shop ofJcrllulcm af .. , 150 and all.ho, of
C ... dHII,aIH.",iI" .
Diadoch .. . of l>ho. icc (c. 400.474). Anti.
monophYlheb"hopofEp,ruI Verus..,ho.e
wo,k II>t .fo... lA,dj<.ftJ
Chri"cxened 'nfluenn,nbo,hthcE.u,and
W.st through IU Chaleedon,an Ch.istologt.
Hc,"alKJ,helub)Cc.of,hemy,"caIV"""'f
.....
Diol.o,I>t (c. 140). A ,ntofunknown.u,ho,
hlp.th.,'ntt ...... ,ne. J ..... i.he<hic ..... i'h
Ch,i . II.n liturgical p.lCticc to fo,m .",hole
diocou' .. on,he' ..... yofl if ."h rr.dan
.. ic
pe,iodandwuupcci.Uyuscdinlh.t.aining
ofuuhum.n.
Didymul the 81ind (c. 313398).Alcxandri.n
who ... .,,1 much influenced by O"g.n
nd.dmoredbyJtromc.
Dionyoiu. the Areop.,i ... The name long
g,nntothcautho,offoutmy .. icaJwtitlng"
ptobablrfrom the la .. fifth cenlury, which
we .. th.foundallonof,h"popho.,icochoolof
mYlUcllm In thci,denlll th., any,h'ngcan M
lrl1l)' prcdic ... d of God.
Dorothe .. . ofG.:a (f1 .c. S25). Membc,of
.bbo,St,idos monutu)'.ndlatcrl d.rof .
mon .... ')' whe.e h. W,Ol'
lI.ft . H. ,lsowro,.awotkon,radi,ion. of
!'alUllftllnmOnuu, .. m.
Epiphani ... of Salami. (c. 315-4(3). Bilhop
ofSal.m,.'n Cyp ...... l1thorof.'ef .. tauonof
.. ",men
.aJin.hecondemnat'onofOrogcn.
Ephr.,., h.Syrian (b.,.3(I6;n.].63-373).
Sy.oanw .. terofcommenla,i .. "nddevo';onaJ
bymn. wb .. b .. c oomttimu as Tb,
greatUllpccimcn.nfChriui.npoctf)'prio.
.0D.n ...
E .. che.iu. of Lyon. (f1.420_449). 8ilhopof
Lyonsc.435-449.Sorn into.nuiltocra"c
f.mily. be. along with hi. wife a"d lon join.d
,h.monalle'r"U,in oon.f,e,i"found
Ing.
E .. "omi.u (d. 393). Bi.hopofCj'Zky .. , wh"
was by Suil.nd G"gory of Ny .....
fo,m.,n,.,nlnJ; fhat the Farh., and ,h. Son
wcr.ofdiffucn, n .. " .....
gcn,'lft.
E .. ..,bil .. ofCau .... (c. 260126l 340).
8ishopofea.sa, .... p.ni .... of.h.cmpc'0.
Con .. anlU"lnd6 .. thisto,ianofth
Chrudanchu,ch. H. arg"cd m .. ,h . .. u,h
oftbc gospclhadb.cnforuh.dowcd,n
p.g.nw,iting.bu,hadtodefendhi,own
doctrln gain ... ti.picionofAri.n,)mp
Ih,.s.
E .. leb'ul o(Em ... (c. 300c.3S9). Bi'hopof
Emu. from c. 339. A biblic.I"".g .... nd
writuoncloctrinal .,bjecu.hcdllplay.oome
..,ml.A"antcndencieoofhi.m. n,o,EulCb,u
ofCusau"
E .. I.biulofVerceUi (f1. c. 360). 811hopof
Vercelhwhosllppo"cdthctr,nita .. lnteach
Ingo(NlCle. {12S) wheni,,,uM,nll .. nde .
m,ned by comp.omi in W"".
F ... idi ... (c. follrth.fifthccn,,,r'CI). BrUlsb
.. tho,ofOn,I>tCb,,,,, an Lij . Hei l bcheved
,,,h.v. w"tten . "m. works.tt.ibu,.d '0 1'<
log'u"
F .... ti "". (f1.380).Ap,iuI;n Romcand ... p
p""crofLIlcifc,and .u,hot of ... e.t1 .. on
,h. Trtn"y.
Fil ... ri". (f1. 380}. S"hopofS.ucil .nd a,, '
thorof .compilauonagain ... llh.r.II .

RU'pc"ndlulho.ofm.nyorthodoxlCrmonl
.ndtr.cu undcrtheinfl .. enc.ofAugultinc.
G.ud."'iulofS.ncl. (fl.39S). Succe ..... of
Fillltri ...... bishopofRrcocia.nd.uthorof
Gen""dio,, ofConna",;nopl. (d.471). Pacri
Irch ofConltan<inopl . author of numerous
cornmcnu.;.sand.n oppon.ntof ,heCh.i .
.ol ogrofCyrilofAlcxandri .
Gno icl.N.menowgi"cngcnerally . ofnl .
lowcnof 6 .. ilid Marcion. Valcn,inus.
Man, "ndoth .... Thechar:I.Ct.".ricbeh.f ..
th,trn." i pri.onm.dcfor the .pirnby
ancvilorignorantcrut or, andthatrcdcmp
.ion depends on fao<. no. on frcc will.
G.egorrof Elvira (fl.3S9 38S). 6ilhopof
EI"i .... howro.c.U.gorical .. u,;..,.in.h.
l<yleofO.igcnandd.fcnd.dth.Niccncfaith
'g.,n".hcAri.!U.
G.egory ofN.:iln%ul (b. 329/ HO: fl.
372 389}. 6i. hopofNazi. n:w. andfri.ndof
6uil.ndGrcgoryofNrna.H.i.famo ... for
m. intainingth.hum.niryofChristaowen ..
. h. o"hodoldoctrin.of . hcTri nity.
Gre",., ofNyu. (c. 31S39-4). 6ilhopof
Ny .... . ndb.otherof6 .. iI.H.i.famo ... fo.
m.'nuining th qu. lity in uni,y of the F.
,hcr.SonlndHolySpirit.
G.egory.heG. eu (c.S40-604j. Popcfrom
S90" h. fourth and Jut of.h. L.l;n "Ooc,on
of.h.Chu,ch:H ....... pro!ific .utho nd.
po .... rful unifyingforccw"hinthcla"n
Church,init;ating.h.htu'1;Cll .. formthlt
brought .bou.thcGrcgori.nSacram.nfl 'Y
and Gregoriln chan .
Huychill. ofJ ...... l.m (fl.412450). Prcl'
by.er.ndexegetc. Ihough oh. n corn
m.n.ed on rh. wbol. ofScnprure.
HH'rr ofArlu {c. 401 ..... 9}. Archbi. hop of
Arlc, "ndle.dcrorth.Scrni. Pcl.gianp ... y.
Hilary incurred th. "'tI,h of Pope lco I when
hetf:movcdabi,hopf. omhi'.Ulndap
pointed a new bilhop. Leodcmotcd Arl ..
fromamctropolitanlCe t oabilhopri c tou
... tpapalpowcrovuthe church inGlul.
Hiiarro(Poiliul {c. }I:;367j. B!.Ihopof
Poilieuand called thc"AthanuiuIOfth.
W.,,"bea ... eofhlldefeme {lga,nl< thcAri.
Insj of .hc common natu.c of Fa.hcr and Son.
Hippo!y"n (fl .1l2 245). Rcccnt Ichol ... h,p
plaec. Hippolylul in. PaJ ... inian ronln .
pc.oonally famih.r wi.h Or.g.n. Though h. is
known mOldy for ThtRtfo,." .. o/AIl H.,." ...
hc "upromarll, lcommcn",.or",,Sc" ptUr.
( .. piaJly Ihc 01dT ... amcnc) and ochu ...
crcdt .,,,.
Ignuill.ofAndoch (c.35107/ 112j. 6il hop
ofAntioch ... howrocc.cvcr.ll ...... . o locoJ
churches whilehcing.alr.cn ITom Antioch to
Rom. to be martyred. In the le ...... wh.ch
".mlg.,nlthcruy. h ,,cuc. orthodox
Chri .. olog,. Ihc cen ... lif) of ,he Eueha",.
anduniqucrol cof.hc bishop inpreocrv,ng
.hc unity of th. chu.ch.
I.cnulllof l.yon (c. 135e.202j. Bllhopof
l.yoIU who p .. blilhtd the moll fa moul lnd m'
flucntiai refulllionofGnOl.ie .hough .
illlc ofNiBCnh (d.c. 700). AI.olr.nown ..
l'lIc thcSyri.nor haacSy.u . Thtl monaotic
writu ., ... cd for a. hOff whilc as bishop of
Nine "chbeforrruiring.oli .. c. "dud.d rno.
n .. ticlif . H .... rillnglonale .. ic.ubJccll
.u""v. in the form of numUO", homili ...
hho'dld of Mc ... (fl. c. 850). Nuto.i.n cOm
mcntatorof,hcn, nthecnrur,. HcwrolCclpc
ciaUronJ.m .. ,1 P .. erandlJohn
Juom. (c. 347.420}. Giftcd ucgclflnd upo'
ncn'of. dalficoJ la,in lIyle. no""bu, known
u thc .. ansJuo, of.h. la"n Vulg . ... He de
fcndtd the pcrpcru.oJ Y'rg,n,ry of M .,. u
uckcdO"g.na.ndPclagiUland.uppo".d
uueme .. ccuc prac!Lcc,
John Chry.otlom (344/ 354.407: fl. 386407).
J8f
Bilhop ofConstan.inople who wu famoUl for
hilorlhodoEy.hi. d "'lucne.andhilanadu
on Ch",. ;an 1uil)' in high plae,....
John of DamucllO (c. 6SO7S0). Arab mOn ...
,kand ,h.ologianwho wri tinglcnjoyed
g,u,infl uenuinbo.h th.Eu.e, nand We.t.
un Churche . His m .... famou, wr"i ng was
h.Ortbold...,.F.i,i.
John Ibc Elder k cighlh century). A 5yri;u:
.uthor who belonged.o monuu,,1Tcle. of
.h.Cbu, chofth. Eu. and IIY.d ,n.hc ' .gion
of Moun. Qardu (no h Ita'!). Hi. mo .. im
portan. wrmngs at. twcnty wo homil iu and
acoll cction offift y-onc. honle ..... in which
h.ducribe h.myoticallifeuanan.icip.
.o'yupcrienceof , he , uurn.;:uonlife.,ho
frUIIof.he.acramenuofbaptilmand,h.E,,
cha" ...
J,)J.ph.I. Fl ... .. o.
"anfromadll.ingui.hedp" .. dyflmilrA,-
qua,n d wi.h ,h. E ... nc. and Sadducc . hc
him.e1f1>.um.a Phari .... Hejo,ned.h.
gr.a<Jewi.h r.vol h.,brok<ou. in 66 and
,,uchol.nby .h.Sanh.drin .. Jeruul.m.o
be commandu.i ochief In Galileo. Showing
gr .. , .hrewdn ... 10 ing,ati ... him .. lf wilh
V .. p ..... nbyfor ... llinghi lu .. ionand.ha'
ofl ........ 1itUl.oth.lmpc".ld,gnity. Jo
phu . .... u .... o .. dhi'libcny.f ... 69 whcn
V .. p .. ianbecom mpcror.
Jult in Mar<yr (e.1OO/lIO_16S.fl.c. 14S
161). P'lellinianphiloJOphcr .... howal cOn
ver .. d.oChri .. iani'r."the only lure and wo,
'hy philolophy: Hc ..... l.d.o Rom. wh ...
h ...... o .... v .. alapol<>g1 ... g.,n .. bo.hpa
g.nlandJcW$.<ombiningG.cekphiIOlophy
andCh" .... nth>logy;h ....... v.nru.lly
m ... y .. d.
Lundcr (c.;4;-c.600). L .. in.ccl.,iutical
w",.r. of who work. onl)" .wo lu,viv . He
..... 'nltrumcn .. li
Imong,heVi.igo. hs.gaini ngllgnifi"n, hi.
ror"alinflu.nccinSpa;ninhil .im .
Leo the G.u. ( .. gn.440-46I ). Bi .... opof
Rom. who T ..... f. Fl.wi.n hel p.d.o ,,,ik<.
balanc.bu ..... nN .. torian andCy.ill in.po.i.
.ion'"l lh.Council ofChll .. don in4S1.
L<fI.r.f B .. (c. 130). An aU.gric.l . nd
,ypolog,c.I,n rpretationof.h.OldT ....
m.n.wi.h.d .;d.dly.n'i.J.w h,onc.l .... ..
Includ.d wi,h o,h .. Ne,,' T .... worIu ..
."C"hol.p"t1."atl.ao.un<il Eu .. b'Ulof
C ....... (c. 2601263-).4(1) 'Iu."'on.d " " U
.hen,,';,y.
Lrtttr Di., ..... . (c . hi rdc.n,ury). E ... n.
ti .Uya .. fuutionof pagani.mand.nupo.;
,ionof. h.Chri .. ian li f. andfli,h.Th u,hor
of,h I.".ri.unknown.lnd.h.uac.u:lcn.
,i.,.of,,,.cc' pi.n . OiognetUl.connnun'o
elud.p ... ,"i,Khol ....
Lu<ifcr (R.370).Bi.hopofCI,lia".ndfanll'
".1 p'''''''n ofA,h.n .. iUI. H.and. hi. folio,""
n, ... d;n, o "hi,m af .. r..,fu .. ng ' o
Icknowl.dg. l . .. onhodox bi.hop, "ppoin .. d
br.h. Empcro. Con .. annul.
MacariuoofEgrp. (c. 300e. 190). On. of.hc
O ..... F .. h .... Accuscdofluppo"i ngA.ha
na .. UI. Mlcari ... wu uil.d c. 374.0 an III.nd
In,hc Nil. by Lu';us. thcA".n IUcceuorof
A,hln .. iu . MacariUlCOntinu.dhil ,cac:binl'
ofmonu."th.ology until hll d."h.
Mau ;nl .hc Younge. {c. 327380).n..cld ..
,i .... of B .. il,h.Grc. ' andG gory of
Ny .. I.Sh. il known u",h. Youngc." 10 di.
.i ngui.h her from her patcrn.1 gr. ndmothcr.
Sh.had.powcrfulinflu.ncconheryounger
broth ...... pcc .. lIyonG .. goty.wh.oull.d
h.rhil '.:a(herand rcla,e. h .. ,uch,ng In 0..
li.s...' udle. R ... ,.,.."i .....
Muich ... n . A ,cli,io" . movcmon, , h.,
oTlglnu. d c. 24 ]inp ... i.und.r,h. ludcr-
.hipofM.nibu . .. ... pparcn.l)"ofcomplex
Ch.ilti l no,igin. l.i . .. idtoh.v.d.ni.dfre
... illand.h.univ ... allOv ... ignt) ofGod.
l8'
GtHU, .... ,
lcadllng.ha.kmgdom.ofligh,andduknClI
.. ec ... tcrnalandth .. lhc.edcemedar.parti
d uo(alpi.i.u .. ... in
.. ofm .. " .. ( ... Gno .. ia).
Mardon (fl.I44).Hc .... icof.h.m;dlCcond

much of Ne-a' Te.um.nt, claiming Ih
(h.F .. ",aIQ.h rh.n rhe
C.ca",rGod (."Gnonicl).
M.riuI Vic. nrim .. (b. c. 280/285; fl. c. 355
363). Grammarian who , n.lated "'0.1.. of
Plaronoauand,ali .. hlll,tcconvc .. ion (c.
355). ulCd.hemEmlt.hcA ... n .
Mark Ihe H.rmit (c . inh c.n.ury). Monk
.... hohvcd nu.T."u. and productdwo.kl on
..... ,,<pract icc, .. wcUuchril<ologicalil
Muimul "fT .. ri" (d. 408/ 423). Bilhopof
TUTlnwhodlCddunngth."'gn. ofH"nonUI
.ndTheoclolius .... Youngc. (408-423). Ov ..
onchund.cdofhlll.rmon'lurvive
Conf ... o. (c. 580662). Greek
th.olos, .. nand .. sccticwrucr.Flcting.hc
A.ab,nvu,onofjcewal.m,n614.hc,,,,,k .d
ugc ,n Con .... n.inopl nd la .. r Africa. He
d,.d RUc the Black ,mpruonm.n'
andl.v .... uffctlng.Hlllho .. Sh.ccn .... don

M.l h .. diul ofOlymp .. . (fl . 290). Bil hopof
Olympus whoccl.b ..... d .. i.ginny in. Syml""
"."'p,.!ll' modcl.donPLa, o'.dillogucof,hat
M .. ,ui"O . tI . Anapocalyp.IClndst,.;ctl,
.scellcmo .. emcn,'t>cgun,nlhcl.ucrh.l fof
th ccondccn'"'rbr"ccrt.,n Monunus ,n
Ph,ygia,who . lonsw"h ccrt.in of hi. follow.
en,utt dor .. dcs,hcrd.,m.dw .. c in'pir.d
brthcHolrSpmt.L"d.of.h""then,,cor.
d., .emamo and mOll of whit ' I knowo of
Mootanoarn corn .. from rhe .",11. .... who
,," 0'" .S"n" ,h. mo ... m.nl. Mon.,ni.m w
formallj'condemn.d .... he,urbefor.hr
Aaiaricayno.b.
Nemeo;1I1 of Em ... (f1, bte fourth n.uey) .
Bi.hop of Emua in Syri .. whoa. mOJt impoe.
I .. nl woek. Ofl]" NalMrt of MG", de .. wo on an
.,.I .... oIor:al.ndphiIOM>phicallOUe(Olan<!
ia .h.fiulupoai.iORnfa()"illian.nlhro.
pology.
Nu.o.i .. a(b.)81;f1.4)O).p ... ia.cnnfCon.
lIanlinopl.428 ... Ul .ndcrcdil.d wilh rh.
fou ndarinnoi th.hcruywhichlaYI.hu.h.
divine and human na.u.u we.euloci.,ed,
..,herlhanlruIYllnilcd,inthctncam .. "onof
Ch.i ...
Nicc,u ofRcmui u a (fl.lCcond h.lf of
fourthetn.ury). Si.hop of R .... uian. ,n S
bi.,who.eworlu .. ffirmlheconl ublt .. n.ia.li . )"
of.h.So .... nd.h.ddtyof.h.HolySpim.
No ..... i .. n of Rome (f1. 23S2S8). Rom .. n Iheo
logi.n,oth ... ilCorthodolt,whofonncdl
Khilm ... icchllreh.fterf .. i1inSobccomc
pop . Hi. tru.;.e on the Trinil)' .lalU rh.
c!llIicWutc.ndoctri n.
Occllmcniul{oiJ hccn,ury).Called.h.
Rh or ne the PhilOlOphcr. Qccumeniw
w,o .. the ..... h ... utan. Gre.k comm.n ... ry
on Renl.uOII. Scholia br Qccllmcn.", on
IOm. of John Chryloltom. comment ..... on
the P ... li .. c Ep;"I ae. "ill utln\.
Origcn ofAI .. and.ia (b. 185;fl.c.200H4).
[nflll.nti.luS .. ndly ... m .. " c .h.ologi .. n.
He .. u condtmned (pcm.p'unf .. irly) foe
main ... inins ... prceril .. nc.of.ouLowhiL.
d.nyinsthc.c.u cctionofth.bod)".h.I".
.e.1 trUlh of Sc"p,ur nd th '1"a1"y of"',
Fath .... nd Ih. Son in th.TrinnJ'.
Pachomiul (c. 292347). Foundcr ofccnobi.ic
monuric;am. A giftedgrollpLead ... nda,,
... orof.lCtofrIlLel,h ... udcf.nd.d.f .. rhi.
duthbyAtbanu,wofAlcnnd" ...
!O,
Paochui ... ofOamiam k 515:. 580). Tran.s
lato ... flCnl.ncClof,h.OelcrtFuhcnf.om
in.o L.dn whil. a monk ,n Dumium.
... (c. 354c. 420). ChTistian
foUower. w ..., cond.mned. in 418 and
431foTmainuiningthat.Chriotiancouldb.
perfect.ndth.t nlva,iond.pendedonfre.
will
P.,,,, Chrysolog ... (c. Latin arch
bi$h"p of R .. "nna wh",. ,,,aching. inciuded
.rgum. nu fOTth".uprem.cy of the papacy
.nd,h"rela,ion.hipbetw".ngtaceandChTi .
'ianliving
Philonnu. of M.bb" g . 440SB). Bi.hop
of Mabb .. g (Hienpoli.) and. le.ding ,hinket
in th arly Syri.n Orthodox Church. Hi. ex
'.n.ivrwri'ing.inSyriacindud tofthi'
teen Di"ow,,",on . e.eral
work. ontheincarna,ion.nd.numberof ..
.gericalwo, lu.
(c. fifth c. ntury). A common tide
among early Egyp,ian dun, ucttk . One.
stven,hof,hesayingsin.heSGyiftl,j,b,
.. , ar.attribu,.dtoPoemen.which
i,Gte.kf",.h.ph.td.ltis unknownwh",hr
alloftnes.ying,comefTomoneperoon.
PolyurpofSmyrna (c. 69iS5}.Bi.hopof
Smyrn.whovigorowlyfoughtneretics.uch
.. the Marcioni'e'.ndV.len,inian . He "a.
.h.ludingChri .. ianfigu.rin Roman Asi. in
the middle of the cond c.ntur)"
Po,amiu, ofLi.bon (fl.c .3S0360). Bi .h"p
of Usbon who j oin.d.h. Arian part)" in 3S7,
but l ... r returned '0 ,h. Ca,holic fai.h (c
3S9!).Hi.work.frombothperiod,arecon
cern.d with th. larger Trinitarian d.ba ... of
hi . ,im.
Pruden.iu. (c. Latin . nd
hymnwriterwhod " .. dhi . laterlif.to
Chri .. ianwri,ing.H.w,otrdidacticpoem.
onthe.neologyoftn.incarnation gain.tth.
her.mMarcion. nd.gain ... h ...,.urg.nceof
pagan .. m
P udoDiony. i .... h. Areop.gi (fl.c.;OO).
Au,hor who .ssumed the n.m" of DionYl iu.
the Areop.gite m.n.ioned in Acts 17:34. and
who composed .h. works known a. the
A,...p4g;t;'Jm(orDi"'.;Q'.m) .... 1.h"ughthe
au.hor".tt ... mrsterr
PuudoMacariu. (fl. c. 390). An imagina,iv.
writer.nd .sc.ticfromM opotami.toeas.
.rnAlia Minor wi,h ke.n inlightin.ohuman
na.ureanddea. articula.ionof,h. ,heolog)
of'hc TTinity. Hi . work include .... m. one
hundred di.cou .... . nd homili
Quodv ultdcu.(fl.430}.Ca .. h ... giniandcacon
andfri.ndo(Augu .. incwho. nde
.how,1t how the N.w T .... men: fol
fin.d ,h. Old T .... ment
R .. fi nu. of Aquileia (c. H;41 I ). Orthodox
Ch,istianthinkerandhi.torianwhononethe
1 .... nn.l.t.dOrig.n.nddef.nd.dhim
against th tric. ures ofJcTom. and Ep.ph.
Sabelliu.(fI.200).All.g.dlyth.au.hoTofthc
hc .. sy which mai nt ains that the Fath. r and
Son.re inglep".,on.Th'patrip ... ian,.ar i
.n,ofthi,n .... yita ... ,hat.heFather ,uf.
(er.don,hecro ..
Sahdona (f1.63S640 ). Known in Greek a,
Martyrius.Thi.Syriacaurho.wa.bis hopof
Beth GaTm.i for hoTt tim . Hi. mo .. im
po".ntworki" hed.eplrscrip,u.aIS".oj
Pcrj,"io". whichranksuoneofthema.ter
picce.ofSyriacmona icli,eu,ure.
S.I.i.n.hePr
480}. Animportant au,hor for rh. hi .. or)' of
hi. own 'ime. Hc ,"w .he faU of Rom. n ci.iii.
.othe b.rbarian. as. con quence of
'he..,prehen,ible condu," of Roman Chri,
19:
S.,oftdLttr.r .jCl.m.ft 1 (c. ISO). Th rli."
.ur.ivingChristian.ermonprob.blywri ... "
byaCorinthianauthor . houghsomcholar$
ha assignedit."a RomanorAlexanUr i.n
au.h", .
S.verianofG ... b.la (fl. c. 400). A contrmpo
n,yof JohnChrylollom.Sucrian w .. ,
highl)' Tegard.d pTuch .. in Constatt. inople.
paruclIlarlra,th.;mpcr,,]court, and IIhi
muely , id.d ... ilh ChrylOlt"m', accunu. Hi,
rmon .... dom;natedby.ntihcTC.ical con .
Sn .. uI ofAnlioch {c. 46SS38). A mono
phy.i,.thcolog,an" on .. 'ra,edhip,opofAn.
lIoch in 522.Scv.ru.belicved th .. Ch,;,,',
humanna'ur .... u an annu.ohi.diyi nen
,ur.andarglled,h .. ifCh"ll w bo,hd,
..
been lWO pe'lOn.
Sb'pb" dof Hcrrnu (I.colld ccntu,y). A
Chri .. i.n apoc.lyp .. di"id.d ,n.o .
.... ...t.I and,enS",,;IIIMd ... Wrntcn
braformt. ,l.veandnamedfor.h.formof
,h. l econd ang.1 u;d to h gnnt.d h;m hi.
vi.ioRl. l hi ' ... orkwuhighlr .. m.dfor iu
moralvalu.'nd"' .. u .. d .... ,utbookro,
u,tchumenl ,nth.unych ... ,h.
Sulpiciu.Sucru. ((. 360..:.420). An ecc1cai.
uncal wri.erbornof nohl. p",.n ... O.vodng
h,mnlf . o mono .. ic """.men,. he became.
pcroon,l fri.nd and cnthus,unc dilC'ple of St.
Mlr<inofTou ... Hi.o.dinlnonlo,h.pri ...
hood i. vouch.d f"'br G. llnadiul ,but 110 d .
!lib ofbi. have ",,,h.d u
Symeon . he Ne .. Theol", i ... (c. 9491022).
Comp .... onu pi,itualludcr kno ... n for hi,
.. ,, ,ul . HebelieviOd,h",hediYine ligh
ollldb.pcrce;vcdand,occi.cdlhroughthe
prlc<ice of men.alprayer.
T ..... UianofCanlu,. ('.ISS/ 16022S/ 2S0,
f1.c. 197222}. Brillilnt Ca.thlginian.pol".
gi andpol.mici wholaid.h.foundo.ioll.l
ofCh. illologyand,. ini,a.i.an o."hodoryill
. h. W.II, though h. hinuclf was u' ... IIged
f.om,h.main churchbyiuluilY
The odorcof Mop. uu t ia (c.3S0428) .
BilhopofMop"u .. ,ia,round.rof,h.Ant;o
ch.n., o.li,tralin;c. ochoolofucguit..A
gTCllmall;nhildar, hewula'crcondemn.d
11 'prccll rsorofN.llorilll
Thcodo.c,ofC,... (c. 3934(6). Bi,hopofCyr
(Cy .. h ... ). H .... uallopPOn.ntofCyril.
whow doctrme or Ch,i .. perlOn was finally
y; nd;catedin4Slat,beCouncU,,{Chal,.don.
Thcophylac, of Oh rid (c. HlSO,. 1108). Byz
anrinearchbilhopof Oh.id (or Ach,id.o) In
wh,tilno",BlIlgar;".O"""""gonurli ..
worlu. h. w.o,e ,ommen""o. on n l Old
Telum.nt boolu . nd .llorth NewT.,u,
men, exc.p' fo, Reyelation.
Valndn.lI (fl.c. I40). Alexand"anberc"c of
th. midwcond ,.ntury ... ho taugh t that th.
mllcrt,]wo,ldw ... ,cat.d bylh.tnn'gre,.
I;on of God', Wi . dom.or Sopb .. { ... Gno,.
" co).
v.l ; ... ofCim;u (fl.,.4224)9). Bishop of
Cim;n. H. particip.ted in ,h. coundl< of
Ri e: (439) andV.;lon(422) w;th,y, .... ,0
... ng.heningchurchdiociplinc. H up.
pon.d Hilary of Arl .. ill '1", ... 4 ... "h Pop<
Leol .
VincenlofLerino {d. 4}5). Monk whou
.rc.dcon. id.rabl.inflll.nccthroughh .. .... ,i!
inglonorthodoldogma.;"heological
m hod .... contr ... ,iOd .... i. hth ..... oIogK.!
melhod. ofm.h.'eli", .
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_. Qu .... ion in O"afeucbum: In n ':o,,,i Cl""'" .. ," O".".,bum. Edited
br N. Fernande:Marco, and A. Saen:.Badillo . Tu",s)' Eltudio. "C.,den.1 Cionc'o': vol
li.M.d,id:Poliglou Marritcnsc. 1979
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