PRESENTED BY: Group 12

Dhruv Bhatia Bhupesh Bhute Megha Gandhi Charanya Kumar Vivek Singh 84 94 96 103 131

Last Decade

Rise in Emissions
Emission of Green House gases

Emission of harmful gases polluting the environment

Frtgyhujikolp; [ l]\ [
Melting of polar Ice Flood and hurricane

Rise in the Sea Level

Kyoto Protocol
Year-1997 Through CARBON CREDITS

Leaders from 166 Countries participated

Except 1 country all signed the Kyoto Protocol to save the earth from CARBON emissions

Kyoto Protocol
Under the Kyoto Protocol, the 'caps' or quotas for Greenhouse gases for the developed Annex 1 countries are known as Assigned Amounts and are listed in Annex B. The quantity of the initial assigned amount is denominated in individual units, called Assigned amount units (AAUs), each of which represents an allowance to emit one metric tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent, and these are entered into the country's national registry

What are Carbon Credits?

1 CARBON CREDIT 1 metric ton of CO2 or its equivalent greenhouse gas (GHG) which is an entitled certificate by UNFCCC. Cap on Max. quantity of GHG emissions permitted for developed and developing countries. Each operator is allocated an allowance of credits This allowances or credits gives licenses to emit a fixed amount of pollutants in the environment.

How does it work?

SRF has 10 Units MRF has12 Units

Carbon Trading
SRF sells 2 units of Carbon credits to MRF

MRF pays money and buys the 2 units of Carbon credits

What does a carbon credit buy?

These services help pay for: Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind and geothermal energy Energy efficiency technology Reforestation practices Planting trees Low-emission machines Organic farming Waste-to-energy projects

Where can I purchase carbon credits?

There are many environmental organizations that offer their services when you purchase carbon credits. Here are a few: AtmosClear Climate Club Bonneville Environmental Organization CarbonFund.org

What are the benefits of buying carbon credits?

Even though you pay for carbon credits you are still helping the environment and reducing your carbon footprint. Here are some other benefits of purchasing carbon credits: Reduces carbon dioxide emissions Saves energy Provides employment opportunities Increases awareness of global warming Conserves natural habitats and resources Introduces new technology The most important aspect of buying carbon credits is that you know your money is going to an eco-friendly and sustainable cause.

Kyotos Flexible Mechanism

Joint Implementation: Under Joint Implementation (JI) a developed country with relatively high costs of domestic greenhouse reduction would set up a project in another developed country.

Kyotos Flexible Mechanism

Clean Development mechanism: Developed countries sponsor a greenhouse gas reduction project in a developing country Developed country would be given credits for meeting its emission reduction targets Developing country would receive the capital investment and clean technology

Kyotos Flexible Mechanism

International Emission trading(IET): Under International Emission trading, countries can trade in the carbon credit market to cover their shortfall in allowances. Countries with surplus credits can sell them to countries with capped emission commitments.

INDIAN SCENARIO

INDIAN SCENARIO

INDIA AND KYOTO PROTOCOL

India signed and ratified the Protocol in August, 2002. India is exempted from the requirement of adherence to Kyoto protocol. Indian government has approved more than 1,400 projects as part of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

INDIA S POTENTIAL
India Non Annex I country, has a large scope in emissions trading. India and China together contribute to $5 billion of the global carbon trade estimated at $30billion. It is one of the leading generators of CERs through CDM. Analysts forecast that its trading in carbon credits would touch US$ 100 billion by 2010.

Carbon Trading in India

Multi Commodity Exchange of India Ltd. ( MCX) entered into a strategic alliance with CCX in September 2005 to initiate carbon trading in India. The tie-up provides immense scope and opportunity for domestic suppliers to realize better prices for their carbon credits.

POSITION OF INDIA
India is considered as the largest beneficiary, claiming about 31 % of the total world carbon trade through CDM. It is expected to rake in at least Rs 22,500 crore to Rs 45,000 crore over a period of time.

Carbon Credit Traders In India

 Andhyodaya Green Energy  Grasim Industries Ltd.  Indo Gulf Fertilizers  Indus Technical & Financial Consultants Ltd  Madhya Pradesh Rural Livelihoods Project  Rajasthan Renewable Energy Corporation       Reliance Energy Ltd. Tata Motors Limited Tata Steel Limited Bajaj Finserv Limited Dhariwal Industries Ltd Tata Power Company Limited  BlueStar Energy Services Inc.  Valera Global Inc.

INDIAN COMPANIES: TAKING ADVANTAGE

Gujarat Fluoro Chemicals is amongst first companies worldwide to get its carbon emission reduction project certified. It is set to reap rewards from the sale of CER credits. Tata Steel is believed to have signed a MOU with the Japanese government agency NEDO for sale of credits accruing to it from carbon reduction following the implementation of an over Rs 250 crore modernization and upgradation project. NTPC and several state electricity boards have also applied for carbon credit benefits. Most of them are replacing coalbased technologies with more environment-friendly processes.

CONCLUSIONS
In the new regime, the country could emerge as one of the largest beneficiaries accounting for 25 % of the total world carbon trade, says a recent World Bank report. Analysts claim if more companies absorb clean technologies, total CERs with India could touch 500 million. Of the 391 projects sanctioned, the UNFCCC has registered 114 from India, the highest for any country.

References
1. http://www.greenstudentu.com/encyclopedi a/carbon_footprint/carbon_credits 2. http://www.pointcarbon.com/news/1.14277 46 3. http://ourworld.unu.edu/en/the-pros-andcons-of-carbon-trading/ 4. Understanding Carbon Credits by Gurmit Singh.

Thank you