RAJVARDHAN OAK ADM NO: 326615 CLASS: XI E

Table of Contents

1. What is Cloud Computing? 2. History of Cloud Computing 3. Types of Clouds 4. Public Cloud Computing 5. SaaS 6. PaaS 7. IaaS 8. StaaS 9. BaaS 10. Similar Systems 11. Characteristics of Cloud Computing 12. Cloud Computing Products 13. Pros and Cons 14. Bibilography

What is cloud computing? Cloud computing is a relatively new technology that is fast gripping the IT World as well as many other sectors of the economy. Cloud computing is the use of computing resources (hardware and software) that are delivered as a service over a network (typically the Internet). The name comes from the use of a cloud-shaped symbol as an abstraction for the complex infrastructure it contains in system diagrams. Cloud computing entrusts remote services with a user's data, software and computation. Cloud computing is a general term for anything that involves delivering hosted services over the Internet. These services are broadly divided into three categories. A cloud service has three distinct characteristics that differentiate it from traditional hosting1. 2.

It is sold on demand, typically by the minute or the hour. It is elastic -- a user can have as much or as little of a service as they want at any given time. The service is fully managed by the provider (the consumer needs nothing but a personal computer and Internet access).

3.

Significant innovations in virtualization and distributed computing, as well as improved access to high-speed Internet and a weak economy, have accelerated interest in cloud computing. History of Cloud Computing The origin of the term cloud computing is obscure, but it appears to derive from the practice of using drawings of stylized clouds to denote networks in diagrams of computing and communications systems. The word cloud is used as a metaphor for the Internet, based on the standardized use of a cloud-like shape to denote a network on telephony schematics and later to depict the Internet in computer network diagrams as an abstraction of the underlying infrastructure it

represents. The cloud symbol was used to represent the Internet as early as 1994. The underlying concept of cloud computing dates back to the 1950s; when large-scale mainframe became available in academia and corporations, accessible via thin clients / terminal computers. Because it was costly to buy a mainframe, it became important to find ways to get the greatest return on the investment in them, allowing multiple users to share both the physical access to the computer from multiple terminals as well as to share the CPU time, eliminating periods of inactivity, which became known in the industry as time-sharing. As computers became more prevalent, scientists and technologists explored ways to make large-scale computing power available to more users through time sharing, experimenting with algorithms to provide the optimal use of the infrastructure, platform and applications with prioritized access to the CPU and efficiency for the end users.[9] In 1960 John McCarthy stated that "computation may someday be organized as a public utility." This was the foundation of the modernday concept of Cloud Computing. Modern day Cloud Computing can be logically represented by the following diagram:

Types of Clouds A cloud can be private or public. 1) Public Cloud: A public cloud sells services to anyone on the Internet. Currently, Amazon Web Services is the largest public cloud provider. 2) Private Cloud: A private cloud is a proprietary network or a data center that supplies hosted services to a limited number of people. 3) Community cloud: Community cloud shares infrastructure between several organizations from a specific community with common concerns (security, compliance, jurisdiction, etc.), whether managed internally or by a third-party and hosted internally or externally. The costs are spread over fewer users than a public cloud (but more than a private cloud), so only some of the cost savings potential of cloud computing are realized. 4) Hybrid cloud: Hybrid cloud is a composition of two or more clouds (private, community or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together, offering the benefits of multiple deployment models. By utilizing "hybrid cloud" architecture, companies and individuals are able to obtain degrees of fault tolerance combined with locally immediate usability without dependency on internet connectivity. Hybrid cloud architecture requires both on-premises resources and off-site (remote) server-based cloud infrastructure. When a service provider uses public cloud resources to create their private cloud, the result is called a virtual private cloud. Private or public, the goal of cloud computing is to provide easy, scalable access to computing resources and IT services.

Public Cloud Computing The types of public cloud computing are: Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) Platform as a service (PaaS) Software as a service (SaaS) Storage as a service (STaaS) Security as a service (SECaaS) Data as a service (DaaS) Test environment as a service (TEaaS) API as a service (APIaaS) Backend as a service (BaaS)

Out of these types, the most commonly used are PaaS, SaaS and StaaS. SaaS SaaS means Software as a Service. Software as a service, sometimes referred to as "on-demand software", is a software delivery model in which software and associated data are centrally hosted on the cloud. SaaS is typically accessed by users using a client via a web browser. SaaS has become a common delivery model for many business applications, including accounting, collaboration, customer relationship management (CRM), management information systems(MIS), enterprise resource planning (ERP), invoicing, human resource management (HRM), content management (CM) and service desk management SaaS has been incorporated into the strategy of all leading enterprise software companies. One of the biggest selling points for these companies is the potential to reduce IT support costs by outsourcing hardware and software maintenance and support to the SaaS provider. DbaaS (Database as a Service) has emerged as a sub-variety of SaaS

The SaaS cycle can be represented as follows:

PaaS It is a category of cloud computing services that provide a computing platform and a solution stack as a service. In this model, the consumer creates the software using tools and/or libraries from the provider. The consumer also controls software deployment and configuration settings. The provider provides the networks, servers, storage and other services. PaaS offerings facilitate the deployment of applications without the cost and complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software and provisioning hosting capabilities. Multi-tenant architecture, integration with database and web services, services to develop and test applications in the same IDE, support for

development team collaboration, utility-grade instrumentation, etc. are the key features of PaaS. Mendix, Windows Azure, AmazonCloud, EngineYard, Openshift, Google App Engine, etc. are popular usages of PaaS. IaaS In this most basic cloud service model, providers offer computers, as physical or more often as virtual machines, and other resources. The virtual machines are run as guests by a hypervisor, such as Xen or KVM. A hypervisor is a software which creates and runs virtual machines. Management of pools of hypervisors by the cloud operational support system leads to the ability to scale to support a large number of virtual machines. Other resources in IaaS clouds include: (1)Images in a virtual machine image library (2)Raw (block) and file-based storage (3)Firewalls (4)Load balancers (5) IP addresses (6)Virtual local area networks (VLANs) (7)Software bundles Companies like Amies, Alex, Sluiman, Harm, Tong supply these resources on demand from their large pools installed in data centers. Examples of IaaS include: Amazon CloudFormation (and underlying services such as Amazon EC2), Rackspace Cloud, Terremark, Windows Azure Virtual Machines, Google Compute Engine and Joyent.

StaaS

It is a business model in which a large service provider rents space in their storage infrastructure on a subscription basis. The economy of scale in the service provider's infrastructure allows them to provide storage much more cost effectively than most individuals or corporations can provide their own storage, when total cost of ownership is considered. Storage as a Service is often used to solve offsite backup challenges. Critics of storage as a service point to the large amount of network bandwidth required to conduct their storage utilizing an internet-based service. BaaS: It is also known as "mobile backend as a service" (MBaaS). It is a model for providing web and mobile app developers with a way to link their applications to backend cloud storage while also providing features such as user management, push notifications, and integration with social networking services. These services are provided via the use of custom software development kits (SDKs) and application programming interfaces (APIs). BaaS is a relatively recent development in cloud computing, with most BaaS startups dating from 2011 or later. The global BaaS market had an estimated value of $216.5 million in 2012. The main difference between BaaS and Iaas, SaaS, StaaS, etc is that BaaS specially addresses the need of the internet and web based applications. BaaS has tremendous applications for Facebook, Orkut, Twitter, Mail providers, Whatsapp, etc.

Similar Systems Cloud computing shares characteristics with:

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Autonomic computing: Computer systems capable of selfmanagement. Clientserver model: It refers broadly to any distributed application that distinguishes between service providers (servers) and service requesters (clients). Grid computing : It is a form of distributed and parallel computing, whereby a 'super and virtual computer' is composed of a cluster of networked, loosely coupled computers acting in concert to perform very large tasks Mainframe computer : Powerful computers used mainly by large organizations for critical applications, typically bulk data processing such as census, industry and consumer statistics, police and secret intelligence services, enterprise resource planning, and financial transaction processing. Utility computing: It is the "packaging of computing resources, such as computation and storage, as a metered service similar to a traditional public utility, such as electricity. Peer-to-peer: Distributed architecture without the need for central coordination, with participants being at the same time both suppliers and consumers of resources (in contrast to the traditional clientserver model). Cloud gaming: Also known as on-demand gaming, this is a way of delivering games to computers. The gaming data will be stored in the provider's server, so that gaming will be independent of client computers used to play the game.

Characteristics of Cloud Computing: Main characteristics of cloud computing are-

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Agility API Reduced Cost Device and Location independence Virtualization Multinency Reliability Security Scalability

Cloud Computing Products: Cloud computing is a service which is fast rising in the IT industry as well as other industries. Data usage, storage, application, etc. has become very easy, efficient and cheap due to it. Various companies are now bringing in the market their products to facilitate cloud computing. (1)ION: This is a cloud computing service developed by TCS(Tata Consultancy Services). It helps to organize business softwares, applications, procedures, etc. It is a Pay Per Usage system. It contains 5 layers for different kinds of solutions. It caters to the needs of Small and Medium Businesses. It is widely known for its IT-as-a-Service approach.

(2)iCloud: This is the service developed by Apple. It allows to store photos, videos, songs, movies, clips, data, calendars, apps, etc and access them from anywhere on your phone. It is mainly for Apple gadgets like iPhone, iPad, iPod, apple TV, etc. Photo Stream, Find my iPhone, iTunes, Back to my Mac are popular features provided by iCloud.

(3)CloudMe: It is a service developed by Xcerion. It provides client software for Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Android, Lion, iOS, GoogleTV, Samsung Smart TV, etc. The CloudMe service is offered with a freemium business model and provides encrypted SSL connection with SSL Extended Validation Certificate.

Pros and Cons The advantages and disadvantages of Cloud Computing are:

Cloud computing has been widely adopted all over the world. As cloud computing is achieving increased popularity, concerns are being voiced about the security issues introduced through adoption of this new model. The effectiveness and efficiency of traditional protection mechanisms are being reconsidered as the characteristics of this innovative deployment model can differ widely from those of traditional architectures. An alternative perspective on the topic of cloud security is that this is but

another, although quite broad, case of "applied security" and that similar security principles that apply in shared multi-user mainframe security models apply with cloud security. Thus, like every coin, this issue too has two sides. It us upto us to use it in a way beneficial to mankind.

sources 1. Wikipedia-The free encyclopaedia: www.wikipedia.com 2. www.howstuffworks.com 3. TCS ION: www.tcsion.com 4. Apple Inc: www.apple.com/iCloud 5. Images taken from : Google Images