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07/03/2013 Martin J. Farias Gonzalez

INDEX

TABLE TENNIS
GAMEPLAY Starting a game According to ITTF rule 2.13.1, the first service is decided by lot,[25] normally a coin toss.[26] It is also common for one player (or the umpire/scorer) to hide the ball in one or the other hand (usually hidden under the table), allowing the other player to guess which hand the ball is in. The correct or incorrect guess gives the "winner" the option to choose to serve, receive, or to choose which side of the table to use. (A common but non-sanctioned method is for the players to play the ball back and forth four times and then play out the point. This is commonly referred to as "play to serve" or "rally to serve".) Service and return In game play, the player serving the ball commences a play.[27] The server first stands with the ball held on the open palm of the hand not carrying the racket, called the freehand, and tosses the ball directly upward without spin, at least 16 centimeters (approximately 6 inches) high.[28] The server strikes the ball with the racket on the ball's descent so that it touches first his court and then touches directly the receiver's court without touching the net assembly. In casual games, many players do not toss the ball upward; however, this is technically illegal and can give the serving player an unfair advantage. The ball must remain behind the endline and above the upper surface of the table, known as the playing surface, at all times during the service. The server cannot use his body or clothing to obstruct sight of the ball; the opponent and the umpire must have a clear view of the ball at all times. If the umpire is doubtful of the legality of a service they may first interrupt play and give a warning to the server. If the serve is a clear failure or is doubted again by the umpire after the warning, receiver scores a point. If the service is "good", then the receiver must make a "good" return by hitting the ball back before it bounces a second time on receiver's side of the table so that the ball passes the net and touches the opponent's court, either directly or after touching the net assembly.[29] Thereafter, the server and receiver must alternately make a return until the rally is over. Returning the serve is one of the most difficult parts of the game, as the server's first move is often the least predictable and thus most advantageous shot due to the numerous spin and speed choices at his or her disposal. A let is a rally of which the result is not scored, and is called in the following circumstances

The ball touches the net in service, provided the service is otherwise correct or the ball is obstructed by the player on the receiving side. Obstruction means a player touches the ball when it is above or traveling towards the playing surface, not having touched the player's court since last being struck by the player. When the player on the receiving side is not ready and the service is delivered. Player's failure to make a service or a return or to comply with the Laws is due to a disturbance outside the control of the player. Play is interrupted by the umpire or assistant umpire.

Scoring A point is scored by the player for any of several results of the rally:[31]

Opponent fails to make a correct service or return. After making a service or a return, the ball touches anything other than the net assembly before being struck by the opponent. The ball passes over the player's court or beyond his end line without touching his court, after being struck by the opponent. The opponent obstructs the ball. The opponent strikes the ball twice successively. Note that the hand that is holding the racket counts as part of the racket and that making a good return off one's hand or fingers is allowed. It is not a fault if the ball accidentally hits one's hand or fingers and then subsequently hits the racket. The opponent strikes the ball with a side of the racket blade whose surface is not covered with rubber. The opponent moves the playing surface or touches the net assembly. The opponent's free hand touches the playing surface. As a receiver under the expedite system, completing 13 returns in a rally. [32] The opponent has been warned by umpire commits a second offense in the same individual match or team match. If the third offence happens, 2 points will be given to the player.[33] If the individual match or the team match has not ended, any unused penalty points can be transferred to the next game of that match.[26]

A game shall be won by the player first scoring 11 points unless both players score 10 points, when the game shall be won by the first player subsequently gaining a lead of 2 points. A match shall consist of the best of any odd number of games.[34] In competition play, matches are typically best of five or seven games. Alternation of services and ends Service alternates between opponents every two points (regardless of winner of the rally) until the end of the game, unless both players score 10 points or the expedite system is operated, when the sequences of serving and receiving stay 4

the same but each player serves for only 1 point in turn.[35] Player serving first in a game shall receive first in the next game of the match. After each game, players switch sides of the table. In the last possible game of a match, for example the seventh game in a best of seven matches, players change ends when the first player scores 5 points, regardless of whose turn it is to serve. If the sequence of serving and receiving is out of turn or the ends is not changed, points scored in the wrong situation are still calculated and the game shall be resumed with the order at the score that has been reached. Doubles game

Service zone in doubles game In addition to games between individual players, pairs may also play table tennis. In doubles, all the rules of single play are applied except for the following. 1. A line painted along the long axis of the table to create doubles courts bisects the table. This line's only purpose is to facilitate the doubles service rule, which is that service, must originate from the right hand "box" in such a way that the first bounce of the serve bounces once in said right hand box and then must bounce at least once in the opponent side's right hand box (far left box for server), or the receiving pair score a point.[28] 2. Players must alternate hitting the ball. For example, if A is paired with B, X is paired with Y, A is the server and X is the receiver. The order of play shall be A ? X ? B ? Y. The rally proceeds this way until one side fails to make a legal return and the other side scores.[36] 3. At each change of service, the previous receiver shall become the server and the partner of the previous server shall become the receiver. For example, if the previous order of play is A ? X ? B ? Y, the order becomes X ? B ? Y ? A after the change of service.[35] 4. In each game of a doubles match, the pair having the right to serve first shall choose which of them will do so. The receiving pair, however, can only choose in the first game of the match. When the first server is chosen in the second or the latter games of the match, the first receiver of the game is the player who served to the first server of the game in the preceding game. For example, if the order of play is A ? X ? B ? Y at beginning of the first game, the order begins with X ? A ? Y ? B or Y ? B ? X ? A in the second 5

game depending on either X or Y being chosen as the first server of the game. 5. When a pair reaches 5 points in the final game, the pairs must switch ends of the table and the team that receives the service must switch receiver. For example, when the last order of play before a pair score 5 points in the final game is A ? X ? B ? Y, the order after change shall be A ? Y ? B ? X if A still has the second serve. Otherwise, X is the next server and the order becomes X ? A ? Y ? B. Singles and doubles are both played in international competition, including the Olympic Games since 1988 and the Commonwealth Games since 2002.[37] In 2005, the ITTF announced that doubles table tennis only was featured as a part of team events in the 2008 Olympics. Expedite system If a game is unfinished after 10 minutes' play and fewer than 18 points have been scored, the expedite system is initiated.[32] The umpire interrupts the game, and the game resumes with players serving for 1 point in turn. If the expedite system is introduced while the ball is not in play, the previous receiver shall serve first. Under the expedite system, the server must win the point before the opponent makes 13 consecutive returns or the point goes to the opponent. The system can also be initiated at any time at the request of both players or pairs. Once introduced, the expedite system remains in force until the end of the match. A rule to shorten the time of a match, it is mainly seen in defensive players' games.

HISTORY The sport got its start in England towards the end of the 19th century when, after dinner, some upper-middle class Victorians decided to turn their dining room tables into miniature versions of the traditional lawn tennis playing field. Several different every-day objects were employed in constructing the sport. They used a line of books as the net. Rackets were lids from empty cigar boxes, and a little later, parchment paper stretched around a frame. The ball would be either a ball of string, or perhaps more commonly, a champagne cork or rubber ball. CHARACTERISTICS Table tennis, is a sport in which two or four players hit a lightweight ball back and forth using table tennis rackets. The game takes place on a hard table divided by a net. Except for the initial serve, players must allow a ball played toward them only one bounce on their side of the table and must return it so that it bounces on the opposite side. Points are scored when a player fails to return the ball within the rules. Play is fast and demands quick reactions spin to the ball, altering its trajectory and limiting an opponent's options to great advantage. 6

GAMEFIELD

RULES ADDING UP THE POINTS

The winner of a match is the one who wins the first THREE or FOUR games (according to the competition) A game consists of 11 points There must be a gap of at least two points between opponents If the score is 10-10, the game goes in to extra play until one of the players has gained a lead of 2 points The point goes to the player who successfully ends a rally The score of the server is always announced first

SCORING A player scores a point when his opponent commits one of the following errors:

He isn't able to return the ball. He returns the ball outside the opposite side of the table. He lets the ball bounce more than once in his own court before returning it. He touches the ball several times successively. He strikes the ball in volley (without it bouncing on the table) above his side of the table. He moves the table during play. He touches the net or a post. His free hand touches the table. He makes a bad service (see service)

RULES OF THE GAME:

If the ball touches the table surface, it is declared in If it touches the side of the table, it is declared out A player is not allowed to strike the ball in volley, unless the opponent's ball leaves the table and I strike the ball in volley behind the table, in which case the point would be given to me.

SERVICE The initial order of serving is decided by lot. Service changes every 2 points, except during periods of extra play where it changes each time. Service must adhere to the following rules :

The ball rests freely on the open palm of the hand. The hand holding the ball must be above the level of the table. The ball should be projected upwards (at least 16 cm) The ball should be struck when it is falling and behind the table. The ball should first bounce in one's court, then in the opponent's court. Service can be diagonal and also in a straight line in singles Service can be replayed when : The ball touches the net or its supporting posts before touching the opponent's court (''let'' service) The ball touches the net then is struck in volley by the opponent without it touching his court. The receiver was not ready at the time of service.

DOUBLES Service must be diagonal, from the right half court (marked by a white line) to the opponent's right half court After that, play can cover the whole table, but each partner must take his turn. Service changeover in Doubles:

A1 serves to B1 (2 services), B1 then serves to A2 (2 services), A2 then serves to B2 , B2 serves to A1 and continuing in this way for every 2 services. Following service, each player takes turns to return the ball. In addition to the aforementioned cases in singles, a doubles team scores a point when its doubles opponents make one of the following errors : At service, the player lets the ball bounce on the left half court, on either side of the court.

A player strikes the ball when it is not his turn. Obstruction is not an acceptable claim for players of the same doubles team.

FAMOUS PLAYERS Name (gender) Deng Yaping (F)[53] Jan-Ove Waldner (M)[54] Liu Guoliang (M)[55] Nationality Times won Olympics World Championships World Cup China 2 (1992, 96) 3 (1991, 95, 97) 1 (1996) Sweden 1 (1992) 2 (1989, 97) 1 (1990) China 1 (1996) 1 (1999) 1 (1996)

REFERENCES SOURCES http://static2.kleinezeitung.at/system/galleries_520x335/upload/4/1/2/2117386/gioli ng726ap010909.jpg

http://www.table-tennis-tables.co.uk/shop/table-tennis-rules.html

http://microrespuestas.com/wpcontent/uploads/2010/04/PING_PONG_CANCHA.gif

http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/fall04/baksh/history.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_tennis#Notable_players

PERSONAL NOTES

I think table tennis is a interesting sport, it is so easy and all the people can play it.

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