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Multiple Choice Questions:
Correct answers are in bold.
4. Rene Descartes would most likely have DISAGREED with which of the following statements?
(a) The psysical world is observable, and, if sufficient knowledge is gained through such observation,
predictable.
(b) Divine influence controls every human action and thought.
(c) The mind is not subject to the laws of the physical world.
(d) There are some bodily movements or actions in humans that are not controlled directly by the
conscious mind.
(e) The mind and the body are separate entities but constantly interact.
5. The American psychologist William James is most closely identified with the theory of:
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6. In a double-blind experimental design, which of the following would be true?
(a) The experimental subjects know whether they are in an experimental group or in a control group,
but the researchers do not.
(b) The researchers know whether particular subjects have been assigned to an experimental group
or a control group, but the experimental subjects do not.
(c) Both the researchers and the experimental subjects know whether the latter have been assigned
to an experimental group or a control group.
(d) Neither the researchers nor the experimental subjects know whether the latter have
been assigned to an experimental group or a control group.
(e) The observers are unable to see the responses or behaviors of the experimental group during the
course of the experimental manipulation.
7. In a normal distribution of scores, approximately what percentage of all scores will occur within one
standard deviation from the mean?
(a) 34
(b) 68
(c) 95
(d) 97.5
(e) 100
8. When testing a hypothesis, a Type II error would involve:
(a) concluding a difference between groups exists after the experimental manipulation when in fact a
difference does not exist.
(b) concluding a difference between groups does not exist after the experimental manip-
ulation when in fact a difference does exist.
(c) concluding a score is two standard deviations above the mean when in fact it is two standard
deviations below the mean.
(d) concluding a score is two standard deviations below the mean when in fact it is two standard
deviations above the mean.
(e) rejecting the null hypothesis when in fact it should have been accepted.
9. Which of the following would NOT be considered essential for a proposed research design to meet the
requirements for ethicality?
(a) Research subjects must consent to participate in the project, and a full description of what their
participation consists of must be spelled out before they are asked to give consent.
(b) Participants must be allowed to withdraw from the project at any time.
(c) Both the subjects and the researchers must know which of the subjects will be part
of the experimental group.
(d) If deception is involved, a full debriefing of the subjects must occur soon after the completion of
the project.
(e) If keeping with protecting the privacy and confidentiality of the subjects, data should be obtained
as anonymously as possible.
10. The correlation between two observed attributes is -.84. From this, it can be concluded that
(a) as one attribute increases, the other is likely to increase.
(b) as one attribute increases, the other is likely to decrease.
(c) the two attributes are unrelated.
(d) one attribute causes the other attribute to occur.
(e) one attribute causes the other attribute not to occur.