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Theory of Equations..
by Total Gadha - Saturday, 3 March 2007, 03:06 PM
GENERAL EQUATION OF N th DEGREE Let polynomial f(x) = a 0 xn + a1 xn - 1 + a 2 xn - 2 + ... + a n. where a 0, a 1 , a 2 , ..an are rational numbers and n > 0. Then the values of x for which f(x) reduces to zero are called root of the equation f(x) = 0. The highest whole number power of x is called the degree of the equation. For example x4 - 3x3 + 4x2 + x + 1 = 0 is an equation with degree four. x5 - 6x4 + 3x2 + 1 = 0 is an equation with degree five. ax + b = 0 is called the linear equation. ax2 + bx + c = 0 is called the quadratic equation. ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0 is called the cubic equation. Properties of equations and their roots
Every equation of the n th degree has exactly n roots.
For example, the equation x 3 + 4x 2 + 1 = 0 has 3 roots, The equation x 5 - x + 2 = 0 has 5 roots, and so on
In an equation with real coefficients imaginary roots occur in pairs i.e. if a + ib is a root of the equation f(x) = 0, then a - ib will also be a root of the same equation. For example, if 2 + 3i is a root of equation f(x) = 0, 2 3i is also a root.
If the coefficients of an equation are all positive then the equation has no positive root. Hence, the equation 2x4 + 3x2 + 5x + 1 = 0 has no positive root. If the coefficients of even powers of x are all of one sign, and the coefficients of the odd powers are all of opposite sign, then the equation has no negative root. Hence, the equation 6x 4 - 11x3 + 5x 2 - 2x + 1 = 0 has no negative root If the equation contains only even powers of x and the coefficients are all of the same sign, the equation has no real root. Hence, the equation 4x4 + 5x2 + 2 = 0 has no real root. If the equation contains only odd powers of x, and the coefficients are all of the same sign, the equation has no real root except x = 0. Hence, the equation 5x 5 + 4x 3 + x = 0 has only one real root at x = 0. Descartes' sign in f(x), 7x3 - 4x2 - x 0 hence the Rule of Signs : An equation f(x) = 0 cannot have more positive roots than there are changes of and cannot have more negative roots than there changes of sign in f( - x). Thus the equation x 4 + - 7 = 0 has one positive root because there is only change in sign. f( - x) = x4 - 7x3 - 4x2 + x - 7 = number of negative real roots will be either 1 or 3.
EXAMPLES:
I shall have to end here and leave the rest of it for my CBT Club students. I shall cover some problems based on this in the CBT Club this week.
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You might also like: Time, Speed and Distance Linear Equations
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Re: Theory of Equations..

by shruti a - Thursday, 28 June 2007, 10:23 AM
hi
In eg 5 above, shouldnt the answer be all of these instead of none of these? Descartes Rule of Signs : An equation f(x) = 0 cannot have more positive roots than there are changes of sign in f(x), and cannot have more negative roots than there changes of sign in f( - x). Thus the equation x4 + 7x3 4x2 x 7 = 0 has one positive root because there is only change in sign. f( - x) = x4 7x3 4x2 + x 7 = 0 hence the number of negative real roots will be either 1 or 3.
why cant the number of negative roots be 2 also? thanks
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by Rohit Suresh - Friday, 29 June 2007, 04:30 PM
@ shruti, Since the degree of the equation is 4, it has to have 4 roots either real or imaginary. Since only one root can be positive at the max, the other three can either be i) all negative and real OR ii) one negative and real and the other two imaginary, since imaginary roots always exist in pairs. So there cant be 2 negative 'real' roots alone. The word real is very important here. Hope you got it.
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by Amishe 800 - Tuesday, 10 July 2007, 04:56 AM
TG , Your article says ...the sum of roots for the eq .
The sum of roots should be = -1 * a1/a0.. Please confirm
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by Sodium Hydro Phosphate - Friday, 10 August 2007, 12:23 PM
What are you asking Amishe 800? Isn't -1*a1/a0 = -a1/a0 ? Its 4.56 am that you have written this. I guess u needed some sleep now yeah?
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by lavika gupta - Saturday, 11 August 2007, 08:08 AM
hi tg.please include some more algebra topics like maxima & minima,etc.
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by richa chopra - Monday, 10 September 2007, 09:43 PM
hey tg in example 2 shouldnt d answer be 5 ..... btw d article is amazing...
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by Ranvijay Singh - Thursday, 13 September 2007, 05:26 PM
Hi Richa,
I think both the answers of example #2 - 2 as the sum of the squares of the roots and 11 as the sum of the cubes of the roots are correct. TG has already explained it. You probably missed something while calculating/substituting the values. It's fairly simple and without skipping few redundant steps, the solution may look like this: Given equation: x3 - 2x2 + x - 3 = 0. Let a, b, c are the roots of this equation. So, a + b + c = - (-2/1) = 2 (using the formula -a1/a0) ab + bc + ca = 1/1 = 1 (using the formula a2/a0) Now, (a + b + c) 2 = a 2 + b2 + c 2 + 2 (ab + bc+ ca) => a 2 + b2 + c2 = (a + b + c) 2 - 2 (ab + bc + ca) => a 2 + b2 + c2 = 4 - 2 = 2 (sum of the squares of the roots) Now, substituting the roots in the original equation, we get three equations: a 3 - 2a 2 + a - 3 = 0 ... (i) b3 - 2b2 + b - 3 = 0 ... (ii) c 3 - 2b2 + c - 3 = 0 ... (iii) Adding these three equations, we get (a 3 + b3 + c3 ) - 2(a 2 + b2 + c2) + (a + b + c) - (3 + 3 + 3) = 0 => (a3 + b3 + c 3) - 2 * 2 + 2 - 9 = 0 => a 3 + b3 + c3 - 11 = 0 => a 3 + b3 + c3 = 11 (sum of the cubes of the roots) ~Vijay
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by Richa Mittal - Thursday, 13 September 2007, 05:39 PM
hello sir, i would like to know that in ques no 6, how can u cancel ( x-1) on both sides,since it is makin the euation zero(0).
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by Ranvijay Singh - Thursday, 13 September 2007, 08:58 PM
Hi Richa, In question 6, we first cancel (x - 1) from both the sides and then put x = 1. Of course, for x = 1, the division isn't defined. After getting the term canceled out from both the sides, the equation reduces to (x - a)(x - b)(x -c)... = (x 9 + x8 + ... + 1). Now, we can easily put x = 1 to get the required value as it's a equation in x and for x = 1, we can always find some a, b, c, ... , such that (1 - a)(1 - b)(1 - c)... = 10. The confusion is probably because we are using 1 in both the steps - canceling (x - 1) and putting x = 1. But, these two are independent of each other. Had it been (2 - a)(2 - b)..., we would have simply put x = 2 to get the required value. ~Vijay
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by garima jain - Tuesday, 18 September 2007, 07:48 PM
please give in more chapters on algebra including graphs..

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by garima jain - Tuesday, 18 September 2007, 08:15 PM
please give in more chapters on algebra including graphs..

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Theory of Equations..
by himali agarwal - Friday, 19 October 2007, 05:53 PM
Hi TG when it is written that maximum no of negative roots is equal to the change in sign of f( -x), then in the e.g. given, why are we considering 1 or 3 number of negative roots. It should be 1 or 2. Even if we say that it would be having a pair of complex roots, the we should write 1 only as the number of negative roots as 2 or 3 roots cannot be possible. Please explain?
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by Guruprasad SP - Wednesday, 28 May 2008, 08:28 PM
Sir/Friends plz help If the roots of the equation , ax^2+bx+c=0, are of the form p/p-1 and p+1/p then the value of (a+b+c)^2 is Options: b^2-2ac , b^2-4ac , 2b^2- ac , ans : b^2-4ac
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4b^2-2ac

by raja thumma - Wednesday, 4 June 2008, 08:06 PM
sum of roots -b/a =2p^2-1/p(p-1) product of roots c/a =p+1/p-1 (a+b+c)^2=a^2(1/p(p-1))^2 diff of roots for quadratic eq b^2 -4ac =a^2(1/p(p-1))^2 x= -b +(b^2 -4ac )^0.5 /2a
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by Dhruv Rakesh - Thursday, 5 June 2008, 12:17 AM
one cannot just "cancel" x-1, when x is being put as 1 later in the question, as that is an undefined operation.... a better way to look at it is.... (x10-1)/(x-1) is nothing but the sum of the geometric series (1+x+x 2 +.....till x 9)
so we don't cancel. Rather we change its form.
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by Ankurkumar Bhatt - Monday, 9 June 2008, 06:30 PM
Hi Vijay !!
Thank you for the clarification, at first I didn't understand the main solution, you made it easy when you added all the roots to get cubes summatino. Thanks again....
Ankur Bhatt
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by Total Donkey - Wednesday, 25 June 2008, 11:13 PM
hello TG, The point raised about substituting the value of x=1 is a valid one .... e.g if we have an equation F(x) . (x-1) = G(x) . (x-1) (just to remind my friends, we actually dividing both the equations with (x-1) to get the simplified version which isn't valid for x=1 because division by Zero is not allowed) we can conclude that F(x) = G(x) when x != 1 so we can't say that F(1) = G(1) ... To make this point more lucid, consider the functions: F(x) = 1 when x!=1 = 0 when x=1 G(x) = 1 for all values of x Now the equation F(x) . (x-1) = G(x) . (x-1) holds for all values of x but surely we can't get the value of F(1) from G(1) waiting for your reply
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by Mech Guy - Wednesday, 2 July 2008, 10:00 PM
can anybdy help me out in questions such as for how many integral values of x does the eq. (ax2 + bx +c)/ (dx2+ex+f) has integral values...?? There is a question in the number system problems...!!
Thanks mechguy
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by manish sharma - Thursday, 10 July 2008, 01:01 PM
for how many values of a, a>0, both the roots of ax^2-(a+1)x+(a-2)=0 are greater than 3?
for both roots to be greater than 3, sum sholud be > 6. check this condition and no solution will be there. now one might thing that product sholud also be>9. but in this case roots can be negative a lso. as -9 * -8 = 72>9. both roots are lesser than 3 here.. nice one..!!!!
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by nitin . - Tuesday, 5 August 2008, 11:16 PM
Hi TG sir, excellent article.... Hoping same for graph theory..Please come up with it. Thanks a lot!
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by Jegathiesh P - Wednesday, 6 August 2008, 01:42 PM
Hi TG and others, For example No:4, isn't the answer is none of these. Since the equation, x=any of the roots. f(x) must have to be equalled to zero at
i.e f(x)=0 at x=a,b,c if the f(x) is of degree 3, where a,b,c are the roots of the equation f(x). Please correct me if I am wrong. Thanks Jegathiesh.P
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by Jegathiesh P - Wednesday, 6 August 2008, 02:00 PM
Hi Guru, Assume some values for p, take p=5. So the roots are 5/4 and 6/5. With the roots, frame the equation. (x -5/4)(x-6/5), you will get the equation as, 20x 2 - 49x+30=0 where a=20, b=-49 and c=30. So (a+b+c)^2 would be (2049+30)^2=1. Also, try b^2-4ac=(-49)^2-(4x30x20)=2401-2400=1. Hence, the answer should be b^2-4ac. Let me know if any concerns. Regards, Jegathiesh.P
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by nice Smile - Sunday, 14 June 2009, 06:46 PM
hi tg, i m posting this question here since i could not understand how u expanded (1 - x) -4 in the equation (1 - x9)(1 - x30 3x10 + 3x20 )(1 - x) -4 to get the co-efficient of x 11 . this seems to be related to this topic, hence posting here
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by yogesh bansal - Monday, 22 June 2009, 12:14 AM
hi nice smile.. i hv jst joind tg..Can u write original post...i thnk i cn help u..ds is my interest area..
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by nice Smile - Sunday, 19 July 2009, 08:03 PM
to get the place where this discussion was done please refer the last few posts in the Groupings and distributions chapter. I have one doubt here. i think the answer option for question number 4 should be "all of these", since none among a, b and c are the roots of the equation 2/3,1/6,1/3 are positive so all of these are not the roots of the equation. so the answer should be all of these si nce the question asks which of the following are not the roots of the equation. I know that this was the first question in this thread, but still asking this since there was no reply for this. Please correct me if my understanding is wrong.
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by gaurav kaushal - Sunday, 2 August 2009, 11:02 AM
what is
???????
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by - SK - Sunday, 2 August 2009, 07:57 PM
Fantastic article.. Truly helpful and handy one sir .. thanks a lot -Shiva gaurav > negative sign in the overall article is being shown as
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by ankur rana - Tuesday, 4 August 2009, 05:24 PM
hello everyone how many sign changes are there in x3+x2-4x+4=0{x3=x raised to the power 3} one or two one from +ve to -ve and 2nd from -ve to +ve?
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by jaya arora - Wednesday, 5 August 2009, 11:52 AM
answer 1 as no. of sign changes on f(-x) is 1

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by Prashant Sharma - Thursday, 13 August 2009, 12:34 AM
Hello friends, Can anyone help me with correct approach for solving following: x^4-256x^3+kx^2-496x-2008 = 0 has product of two of the roots =8.Find the value of k.
Thanks in advance!!
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by baby assassin - Wednesday, 2 September 2009, 06:58 PM
is the question right ...494 instead of 496 will solve the problem
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by Netra Mehta - Friday, 4 September 2009, 12:18 PM
Hi TG! Plz help me in solvin d followin question... The maximum possible value of x^2 + 4y^2 + 9z^2, subject to x+2y+3z=12, where x,y,z are real numbers, is A. 48 B.224 C.240 D.140 E.Infinite
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by saurabh aggarwal - Friday, 4 September 2009, 02:31 PM
thanx.....it was very helpful

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by Chowparan Saha - Friday, 4 September 2009, 02:54 PM
Hi TG Sir !!, Another great fan of yours. hats off to you for your tremendous effort. It would really help to hear some of your enlightenments on PROBABILITY
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by Raju Singh - Monday, 28 September 2009, 04:15 PM
Thanks TG for your great efforts. Descartes Rule of Signs : Can any one tell me what this equation is all about x4 + 7x3 4x2 x 7 = 0 Plz tell me abt these special characters used in above eq. In simpler character plz write that equ. I got to knw about meaning of as -ve sign. What abt others??
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by Pallav Jain - Sunday, 4 October 2009, 08:27 PM
Can any one tell me the formula for a^3 +b^3 +c^3 = in eg. 2
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by Arjun Nair - Tuesday, 6 October 2009, 12:55 PM
he hasnt used a formula ... he substituted the roots(alpha,beta,gamma) in the equation itself and then added the 3 resulting equations ... then replaced the resulting grouped terms with there values
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by aashish arora - Saturday, 10 October 2009, 09:24 PM
hi netra i guess u it shud be mentioned here that x,y,z are positive real numbers otherwise its a futile question if my guess is right,then the answer is 48 if not......i wud guess "infinite"
regards aashish
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by jai singh - Sunday, 11 October 2009, 11:14 AM
awwwweeeeeeesome
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by nice Smile - Tuesday, 20 October 2009, 10:57 PM
can somebody help me Please explain how to expand (1 - x 9 )(1 - x 30 - 3x 10 + 3x 20 )(1 - x)-4 and get the co-efficient of x 11 in this.
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by Total Gadha - Wednesday, 21 October 2009, 09:44 PM
expansion of (1 + x)n = 1 + nx + n(n - 1)x2/2 + n(n - 1)(n - 2)x3 /6 + ... expand (1 - x) -4 this way...
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by barry white - Saturday, 18 September 2010, 10:39 AM
Great article... Such a lucid explantion... Ur awesome.. cheers

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by ANSHUMAN SANGURI - Monday, 20 September 2010, 01:54 AM
i dont knw if the moderators stil go over these articles to check fr nw comments bt seriusly these tg articles r really cut above the rest . i m closely following thm fr some tim nw as i m arming myslf with cat solvin armoury,these articls on quant and verbal are jst wht one is lukin fr......... thnks ......
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by Vinu Varghese - Tuesday, 21 September 2010, 01:46 AM
Beautiful.... lucid ... really short of words..... cleared a lot of my doubts..... keep te good wwork
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by Ayshwar Pandey - Tuesday, 19 October 2010, 06:30 AM
In the last question, u cancelled (x-1) from both sides which in fact is 0. Isn't this wrong?
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by mohil mittal - Thursday, 15 September 2011, 09:06 AM
In last question if we put 1-x instead of x then the roots of the equation would be 0,1-alpha, 1-beta,......
Calculate the product of roots with 9 items that is 10C9=10
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by sonnel singh - Wednesday, 21 September 2011, 03:22 AM
can someone plz answer these questions:Q1) If the roots of equation x^3 - a.x^2 + b.x - c = 0 are three consecutive integers, then what is the smallest possible value of b?? Q2) If the equation x^3 - a.x^2 + b.x - a = 0 has 3 real roots, then it must be the case that 1) 2) 3) 4) b b a a = 1 not= 1 = 1 not= 1
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by Kamal Lohia - Thursday, 22 September 2011, 05:19 PM
Hi Sonnel 1. Let's say three consecutive integral roots are - 1, and + 1, then b = ( - 1) + ( + 1) + ( - 1)( + 1) = 3 - 1 where is an integer. So minimum value of b = -1 when = 0. 2. If b = 1, then equation becomes x - ax + x - a = (x + 1)(x - a) = 0 i.e. all the three roots can't be real. That ensures that b should not be equal to 1. Kamal Lohia
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by sonnel singh - Sunday, 9 October 2011, 02:19 AM
thnx alot
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by Shashank Pandey - Tuesday, 11 October 2011, 07:25 PM
In example 4,option d should be all of these, as the given equation 6x^3 + 5x^2 + 2x + 2=0 can never have a positive root. Am i right moderators?
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by aakansha rawat - Saturday, 5 November
2011, 06:32 PM
do we have a method to find the general equation of a chord of a given equation of a curve????????????????????????????????????//
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MBA CAT GMAT

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Linear Equations
by Total Gadha - Tuesday, 23 October 2007, 08:37 AM
I am sure that this chapter is considered easy by many CAT 2007/ 2008 aspirants. But it is one of the most frequently occurring chapters in CAT. Mastery with equations helps you solve many problems in other areas also. As we progress deeper into Algebra on TG, we think it would be better to stat with this small but useful lesson. As your D - day comes nearer, revising some old concepts wouldnt hurt you.
Any equation of the form p = 0, where p is a polynomial of degree one, is known as a linear equation. The polynomial p can contain a single variable, two variables, or more than two variables. Some examples of linear
equations are given below:
If you think this article was useful, help others by sharing it with your friends!
You might also like: Time, Speed and Distance Quadratic Equation
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Re: Linear Equations

by Kumar Varun - Tuesday, 23 October 2007, 11:45 AM
Nice Stuff TG... as the D day is coming nearer and nearer my apprehensions r increasing .Mor so about the English section.. now i just think ki " English ka kuch nahi ho satka.. leave it and pay attention to other sections.." kuch solution batao sir iska.. There is one query TG: What is the approach to solve these type of problems in which eqn of line(s) is given and we have to find the no. of integral solutions. eg, Find the number of integral solutions of 3x +5y = 7 where x and y lie between -50 and 50 (both inclusive). Plz tell any general approach to solve these type of questions.. Waiting for reply, Varun
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by yetandra Adireddy - Tuesday, 23 October 2007, 03:40 PM
HI TG, Could pl write an article on how to fine tune our preparations for the coming D -day. like what should be our prime concerns in the last week and day before exam things like that. will be pretty much owed to you if u can do that.
thanks in advance. Bhavani kumar
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by fundoo bond - Tuesday, 23 October 2007, 04:20 PM
hi TG sir, the much awaited article appears... i consider ur articles as a treassure n in d coming days i ll study them again as my revision... regards, Fundoo
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by Srikanth deshpande - Tuesday, 23 October 2007, 05:12 PM
Hi Total Gadha, We are waiting for the Geometry Material such as you deliovered for Number systems.any news regarding the time by which it will be probably ready ? regardss srikanth d
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by Rishi Kapoor - Tuesday, 23 October 2007, 10:29 PM
Thanks fot the article sir. ...RK...

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by sourav nandi - Wednesday, 24 October 2007, 08:06 AM
hi varun for the ques u posted integral soln of 3x+5y=7 the approach is discussed in the article itself! we find a pair of integer soln for the eqn is (4,-1) now from here on we jus form an A.P for x with common difference 5 so we have, -46,-41..............-1, 4,9,...................49 in all 20 integral soln in the range (-50, 50)
do tell if it works! regards rock

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by Sandy P - Saturday, 27 October 2007, 07:15 PM
Hi TG sir, excellent article, its a good refresher.... Thanks! Sandy

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by Kumar Varun - Wednesday, 31 October 2007, 01:23 PM
it works fine saurav.. thanks..

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@TG
by Varun Choudhary - Monday, 5 November 2007, 05:31 PM
Thanks a lot TG ..
please cum up with concepts of Geometry asap..... thanks a lot

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by Varun Choudhary - Monday, 5 November 2007, 05:45 PM
write it as x = (7-5y)/7 and start from y=-50 to have x betwen -50 & 50.. we get first y as -28 and so move on with a common difference of 3 in an AP . like .-28,-25,-22....you can go upto 29. so count the num of terms in this AP answer shud be 20..please correcty me if i am wrong..
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by brendan decruz - Tuesday, 6 November 2007, 02:27 PM
tg sir, how do we access the previous quants discussion articles particularly the one on permutations and
combinationssss........ have they been permanently removed......??????? please reply....

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by Total Gadha - Friday, 9 November 2007, 05:50 AM
Hi Brendan, We rarely write an article that needs to be deleted. You can find all the articles/lessons in "Total Gadha's Quant/Verbal Lessons." Total Gadha
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by Neha Vyas - Saturday, 10 November 2007, 04:47 PM
Hi Tg, Well I dont reply much or comment much on any of the articles ever. But i just want to let you know that when i am appearing for the CAT paper this year i will be thanking you. And also if i do get through its a hell lot of thanks to you. You've been great all the while meticulously posting these articles for us. Just wanted you to know that each one of them helped. And thanks to Dagny too. love Neha
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by shiny das - Saturday, 10 November 2007, 05:59 PM
sir, im new to this site nd wish to appear for cat 2008.... im quite scared of complex maths problems..i simply dnt knw how to start...nd also i wd like to ask is it possible to crack the xam wdout joining an institute wd just the materials nd the reqd books...nd ...tg....
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by ash gupta - Thursday, 15 November 2007, 06:45 PM
nice article sir..........

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by Total Gadha - Sunday, 18 November 2007, 04:29 AM
Hi Shiny, If you're planning for CAT 2008, studying solely on TG would be enough. We did not get enough time this year but for CAT 2008 aspirants, we shall have the complete material for study. Total Gadha
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by the underdog - Monday, 19 November 2007, 11:17 AM
A question extremely similar to the cheque one out here was asked in the CAT 2007 exam
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by ankush gupta - Friday, 18 April 2008, 01:14 PM
Hi Total gadha, I am logging first time to ur site.I have never seen such a beautifull,well -articulated site for Mba aspirants in my life.I want to thank you for this. U have solved one question above which has come in CAT 2007.The perfect square(first 2 are equal and last 2 are equal).Hav u written this article after CAT 2007
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by Total Gadha - Saturday, 19 April 2008, 09:26 AM
Hi Ankush, You can see the date of the article at the top. Maybe this would help you see TG in new light http://totalgadha.com/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=1905 Total Gadha
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by ATOM ANT - Thursday, 12 June 2008, 04:28 PM
Sir I ve a few doubts in this In the yoga/tennis problem you ve equated the no of idle days as 24-x = 14-y is it not 24-y = 14-x ? as in a day when nothing is done in morning they either 1.play tennis or 2. remain idle so you ve to subtract the no of days they play tennis from 24 to get the no of idle days.. correct me if am wrong...
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by ATOM ANT - Thursday, 12 June 2008, 04:32 PM
Sir anothr one.. you ve said that there is no soln if a1/a2 = b1/b2 != c1/c2
but in the simultaneous equation given above 5x+6y-30=0 and x-4y+4=0 the soln is unique.. but the condn is not satisfied... Kindly explain sir
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by ganesh ram - Monday, 4 August 2008, 08:52 PM
I CANNOT UNDERSTAND SOL... OF FATHER, SON AGE PROBLEM........... PLEASE ANYONE HELP ME TO SOLVE THIS.............. THANKYOU........
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by niharika mishra - Tuesday, 23 September 2008, 08:05 AM
hi ganesh i think by now u must hav got the explaination...but still..... here is my version. make a table
grandfather +n (after n yrs) x+n
father
son
y+n
present age
x-n
now according to conditions we g8 following equations. x=5y y+n=8+x-n x+x-n=100 solving we get x=13
NOW SOMEONE PLZZZZZZZZZZ.........TRY TO SOLVE MY DOUBT THT I HAV POSTED IN SOME MATH CURIOS ARTICLE
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by ganesh ram - Sunday, 15 February 2009, 04:44 PM
THANKS MISHRA..... THANKS FOR YOUR HINTS.......

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by Rajarshi Guha - Saturday, 18 July 2009, 07:06 PM
Dear TG, I have an observation.Please correct me if I am wrong. In the question where we have to find the difference in the incorrect and correct valuation of the cheque,Option E states that the sum of the digits of the correct amount can be a multiple of 9. The correct value is 18.36.which implies 1+8+3+6=18.This is divisible by 9.Should nt this option be regarded as true then?
Rajarshi
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by srujan duddukuri - Thursday, 13 August 2009, 10:28 PM
Kudos to TG for his gr8 work.......keep rocking TG!!!!

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by aashish biala - Monday, 17 August 2009, 11:01 AM
great work TG. Cheers!!!!

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by iim freak - Friday, 21 August 2009, 02:46 AM
hi Rajarshi The answer is not fixed there can be many more like 75.93 where digit sum = 6
i hope it helps
Best Regards iim freak

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by ajay arunabh - Monday, 24 August 2009, 04:56 PM
dear tg in shayam run question i have a doubt. suppose total no of runners taking participation in race are x+1, now from first situation x/2,x/2 runners will run infront and behind of shyam now from second situation ((x/2)+1)=3((x/2)-1)....................(a) solving equation (a) we get total no of runners=5
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by Netra Mehta - Saturday, 29 August 2009, 03:04 AM
Hi Atom Ant! Even I got confused on your doubt earlier but when you ll check u can see that.. we have got 2 equations.. 24-y=14-x --- (1) => y-x=10 & x+y=22 ---(2) On solving (1) & (2) We get y=16 & x=6 therefore no. of days when they did nothing is 24-y = 24 -16 = 8 which comes out the same as wz given in the solution by tg. So ,finally ans comes out to be 16+6+8=32. I hope it helps you.. n plz check me if m wrong..
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by brij g - Tuesday, 13 October 2009, 01:22 AM
You are correct, answer will be same but I will go with Atom Ant that 24-y and 14-x will give us the no. of days on which they did nothing.....think it out..
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by abhishek rai - Friday, 11 June 2010, 02:30 AM
In the question when Shyam visited Ram during his vacations, How can there be 24 mornings when they did nothing and still managed to do yoga for 16 days? Think there's a Typo there, which lead to the bizarre conclusion. Shouldn't the equation be 24-y=14-x (Days when they did nothing should be equal.) So, y-x=10 Hence, y+x=22 y-x=10 So, Y=16, x=10. When they did nothing= 24-16=8. So the total no of days is 30. Correct me If I am wrong
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by priyanka j - Friday, 9 September 2011, 05:33 PM
Sir, We can solve these ques in this way also na: 1) Restaurant ques (CAT 2001) 3b+7s+f=120 -------(1) 4b+10s+f=164.5 -----(2) equ. (2)-(1) b+3s=44.5 -------(3) rewrite equ.(1) as 2(b+3s)+b+s+f=120 2*44.5 +b+s+f = 120 b+s+f=120-89 =31 ans 2)no. a,b,c,d,e satisfy given conditions 13a+26b+2c+13d+3e=18 -------(1) 6a+12b+c+6d+e=7 -------(2) 5a+10b+c+5d+e=6 -------(3) equ(2)+(3) 11a+22b+2c+11d+2e=13 -------(4) equ(1)-(4) 2a+4b+2d+e=5 ---------(5) equ(2)-(3) a+2b+d=1 --------(6) put equ(6)in equ(5) 2+e=5 e=3 ans THANKS
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by nick depp - Thursday, 10 November 2011, 11:59 AM
Linear Equations Help??? 1. In 2000, the minimum wage in Washington was $6.50 per hour. In 2010, it was $8.55 per hour. (a) If x is the number of years past 2000 (so in 2000, and in 2010, ), and y is the minimum wage per hour, write two ordered pairs representing the minimum wages given. (b) What is the slope of the line between these two points? What does the slope specifically represent here?
(c) What is the y-intercept? What does the y-intercept specifically represent here? (d) Find the equation of this line write your final answer in slopeintercept form.
(e) Write your equation as a function of x. (f) If you do not earn a college degree and you are earning minimum wage in 2020, what do you predict you will be earning per hour?
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Quadratic Equation
by Total Gadha - Saturday, 5 July 2008, 04:21 AM
I have not written for a while for my CAT 2010 students, not because I didn't want to but because the explosive growth of Totalgadha.com and TathaGat kept me busy in multidimensional roles. Gone are the long evening walks, leisurely problem-solving sessions and book readings. Now my time is spent in hurried classroom sessions, editing worksheets, answering incessant phone calls, and managing a rapidly-growing team. The pleasures and pains of entrepreneurship are numerous. Not that I am complaining. It feels good to see that an idea which was once a passing thought has blossomed into something real. It is heartening to see that you can do a lot of good in this world. TG.com was once a thought. Now it is a reality. It would give rise to more realities. Tomorrow, there would be something better than TG.com. There would be better thoughts. And in the end, it would be the students who would benefit the most by the new realities. It is reason enough to rejoice, pain of entrepreneurship notwithstanding. One more CAT is approaching fast. There is already a tightening in my stomach, a lump in my throat. If I could have my wish, I would want all my students and TGites to clear CAT. But this is not possible, and in the end, life wouldnt be interesting without a good mix of victories and defeats. No matter what happens on the D -day, I hope that the students dont stop learning at least. Amen! So here is it ladies and gentlemen, a fruit of painful labour.
If you think this article was useful, help others by sharing it with your friends! You might also like: Theory of Equations Linear Equations
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Re: Quadratic Equation

by Amit A - Saturday, 5 July 2008, 12:53 PM
Hello Sir , Thanks a lot for yet another enlightining article. I just wanted to drive your attention to one minor mistake in one of the examples listed in this article. The First illustration in the section (Completing the Square) , the equation x2 - 10x - 6 =0 should be having minimum value as -31 (and not -25). Please let me know if I m wrong. And please keep posting such informative articles because your forum is the only one I (and many others) trust most. Regards
Amit.
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by y v - Saturday, 5 July 2008, 03:35 PM
TG sir...You have forgotten to add -6..So the answer is -31 as Amit has pointed out... Article was very useful sir... Please post an article on time and work
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by ATOM ANT - Saturday, 5 July 2008, 03:51 PM
TG sir, I have few doubts. 1.Can you give me an example of a parabola that touches only x-axis? 2.You have given three different curves for the quadratic equation with a>0 and a<0... what is the form of equation where the curve do not touch x-axis... is it like y = x 2 + k.. 3.Are parabolas neccessarily symmetrical ? and I would like to add a point to your lesson. For any quadratic equation of the form ax 2 + bx + c = 0 for every single change of sign there is a positive root. eg: x 2 + 5x + 6 = 0 roots = -2,-3 x2 -5x - 6 = 0 roots = -1,6 x2 -5x + 6 = 0 roots = 2,3 Thanks a lot for the lesson.. Btw where should I post my doubts on question s from Copycat-1... Unfortunately my previous post was deleted.
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by tinu doshi - Saturday, 5 July 2008, 08:56 PM
hello sir, excellence is the word for u!!!!!!!!!!!

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by amit kumar - Sunday, 6 July 2008, 07:12 PM
hi tg sir, very nice article.keep posting these as they are really usefull
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by Rajakannan R - Tuesday, 8 July 2008, 12:06 PM
Hello sir, For the problem (x^2-x+1)/(x^2+x+1)=y Its value is negative when 1/3<=y<=3. since a>0 its minimum value has to be (1/3 +3)/2 = 5/3. How is it 1/3 and how to find the maximum value
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by Total Gadha - Tuesday, 8 July 2008, 03:56 PM
Hi Raj, y is not a quadratic expression, it is a rational expression in quadratic. How are you applying the rule? Total Gadha
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by ankit sharma - Tuesday, 8 July 2008, 09:17 PM
that is an amazing picture of some musician.i like it. and no second thoughts about the article . it rocks as usual
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by ATOM ANT - Wednesday, 9 July 2008, 07:20 AM
Sir, Clarify my doubts pls.

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by Total Gadha - Wednesday, 9 July 2008, 09:14 AM
Hi Atom, 1. x2 - 4x + 4 = 0, 6x - 9 - x2 = 0, etc. 2. x2 - x + 4 = 0. 3. Yes. I think I have covered the change of sign thing in the chapter. Check. As for your copycat- 1 doubts, send me a mail. Total Gadha
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by ATOM ANT - Thursday, 10 July 2008, 04:44 PM
Thank u sir.. Will send my doubts tonight.

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by naga kiran kosuru - Friday, 11 July 2008, 08:24 PM
Hi TG, In the reply posted to ATOM, how x^2 - x + 4 touch x-axis only once? i think it shd have two roots... pl comment.... And, how a quadratic eqn with imaginary roots is plotted on a graph..(if possible).... Tnx in advance..
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by abhi raj - Friday, 11 July 2008, 09:02 PM
hi naga, x2 -4x+4 touch x-axis only once as it has only one root i.e 2 or u can say that both the roots are same so it will touch the x-axis only once. And as far as equation x 2-x+4 is concerned it does not have any solution or it has imaginary roots which is ans to ur ques .
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by Gul Gul - Friday, 11 July 2008, 09:15 PM
Lovely...!
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by Rahul Aggarwal - Thursday, 17 July 2008, 05:28 PM
Thanx sir for a beautiful article yet again...

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by Hungry Gadha! - Monday, 21 July 2008, 02:23 PM
Hi TG How are you doing? As usual TG rocks with his QA lessons, no question about it. So nothing to say about it. YeapIm very much elated to share the same kinda feeling whatever you have said on entrepreneurship. Running own firm and giving hope & life to few peoplewow, what a feelingjust thats gonna be one of the greatest moments of a life. YeapI love to feel thatthats the sole reason why Im getting into MBAotherwise no mean for me doing mba yeap sirin future, you will see meyour Hungry handling small businessfor sure! After all thats my ultimate goal of a life Absolutely TGof course, Ill take loads of Gyan from you on that front too... Great words inspires methanks a lot for them TG.
Take care Regards, HG

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by anuj hembrom - Wednesday, 23 July 2008, 01:56 PM
hi sir,
thnx for the valuable article, as you have covered almost everything but an article on functions is desperately missing, as regard to its hope you'll consider it.
importance in exams like CAT & XAT
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by Jegathiesh P - Thursday, 24 July 2008, 02:52 AM
Hi Sir, In the illustration of finding the maximun value of the expression 1+2x-3x^2, the maximun value of the expression f(x) is 4/3 and it occus at x= -1/3 and x=1 and not at x=1/3 (what specified in the article). Correct me if I am wrong.
Regards, Jegathiesh.P
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by Total Gadha - Friday, 25 July 2008, 07:35 PM
Hi Jegathiesh,
you are talking about the roots. I am talking about the maximum value.
Total Gadha
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by Anamica Sinha - Sunday, 10 August 2008, 11:59 PM
thanks.... this is really helpful...

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by Shiladitya Mukherjee - Thursday, 30 July 2009, 10:28 AM
Hi TG Sir, I've a small doubt regarding the last problem For b2 - 4ac >= 0 we can already conclude that (y-1/3) ( y-3) <=0 , then why are we going for the next statement?
regards, Shiladitya
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by aashish biala - Tuesday, 18 August 2009, 06:01 PM
hi, thanks a ton for such a nice post. you are doing a great job. you cannot immagine how good i am feeling from within. Commendable is the word for your effort TG. cheers!!! aashish biala
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by aashish biala - Tuesday, 18 August 2009, 06:04 PM
hi Shiladitya, here in this question y= x^2-x+1/x^2+x+1. So, the range of y is actually the range of that expression whose minimum and maximum value is being asked which is 1/3 and 3 respectively. Hope it is now clear. aashish biala
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by Dev Raj - Thursday, 20 May 2010, 07:02 PM
TG sir, These are probably the most written words around here but i shall still pen it down... Your article instills much needed confidence in me.... Thank u sir.... Also sir, agar kuch questions mil jaayein linear, quadratic and special equations par to maza hi aa jaye sir.......... Regards, Dev
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by nick depp - Saturday, 5 November 2011, 03:47 PM
The perimeter of a rectangle is 80m and it,s area is 400m^2.Find its legnth & breadth ? please provide me the solution of this quadratic Equation.
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by suraj saxena - Saturday, 5 November 2011, 06:09 PM
VERY SIMLPE 2(L+B)=80 L+B=40 L*B=400 X^2 -40X+400=0 (X-20)^2=0 L=B=20 HAVE FUN!
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by sharmil kothari - Sunday, 6 November 2011, 01:38 AM
i think its an rectangle so both the sides are not equal so ans is 16*25=400
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by manik bhardwaj - Wednesday, 2 May 2012, 07:09 PM
Hi All, I have one more doubt in quadratic equation as: Find the remainder when 3x^5+2x^4-3x^3-x^2+2x+2 is divided by x^2-1 As x^2-1 can be resolved into (x-1) and (x+1) and then we can input the value at f(x) for 1 and -1, but still im not able to get answer correctly. request yours help
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by Kamal Lohia - Thursday, 3 May 2012, 11:49 AM
Hi Manik 3x5 + 2x4 - 3x - x + 2x + 2 3x(x) + 2(x) -
3x(x) - x + 2x + 2 {3x(1) + 2(1) - 3x(1) (1) + 2x + 2} mod(x - 1) {3x + 2 - 3x - 1 + 2x + 2} mod(x - 1) {2x + 3} mod(x - 1). Kamal Lohia
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Forums CAT 2012 Quant Lessons Theory of Equations..

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Every equation of the n th degree has exactly n roots.

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why cant the number of negative roots be 2 also? thanks

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TG , Your article says ...the sum of roots for the eq .

The sum of roots should be = -1 * a1/a0.. Please confirm

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hey tg in example 2 shouldnt d answer be 5 ..... btw d article is amazing...

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please give in more chapters on algebra including graphs..

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please give in more chapters on algebra including graphs..

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by Ankurkumar Bhatt - Monday, 9 June 2008, 06:30 PM

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answer 1 as no. of sign changes on f(-x) is 1

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thanx.....it was very helpful

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