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Historical Statistics
OF THE UNITED STATES

sus

1780-I04.~
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Supplement to the Statistical ~bstract

of the

United States

PREPARED BY THE BUREAU OF THE CENSUS


WITH THE COOP,ERATION OF THE
SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH COUNCIL

49

United States Department oj Commerce, CHARLES SAWYER, Secretary


Bureau of the Census,

J.

C. Capt, Director

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U, S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.

Price $2.50 (buckram)

mSTORICAL STATISTICS OF THE


UNITED STATES, 1789-1945
REVISIONS
For more recent data, including revisions, see the current Statistical
Abstract of the United States where, beginning with the 1949 issue (available about November 1949), these time series will be brought to date annually in a special appendix which will include revisions for earlier years.

ERRATA
Page 1, series A 3-99 (text), general note, line 11, should read "was
821 billion dollars" and "was 353 billion dollars," not "million dollars."
Page 112, series E 265 (table), 1940 figure should read "31,061," not
"31,601."
Page 118, series F 200-211 (text), lines 9-10, weight of standr..rd case
of salmon should read "48 pounds," not "45 pounds."
Page 174, series II 117 and II 124 (table); footnote 1 should read "Excludes loans," not "Includes loans."
Page 256, series N 86-89 (text), lines 18-19, should read "For 19201936, series N 86," not "series N 88."
Page 267, series N 67 (table), 1933 figure should read "-9.6," not "-9.9."
Page 278, series N 124-130 (table), omit headnote; table is in dollars,
not thousands of dollars.
In a volume of detailed historical statistics it. is inevitable that errors
will occur which will be discovered only in use of the bOOk. Users encountering such errors are urged to communicate them to the Bureau of the
Census where they will be listed for correction in a 'revised edition. In the
meantime, if a sufficient number of corrections accumulate, additional
errata sheets may be issued. Those users who wish to be placed on the
mailing list to receive such errata sheets should address a request in
writing to the Director, United States Bureau of the Census, Washington
25, D. C.
1UNE

1949.

846360--49

U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, 1949

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS


Director
Deputy Director
A. Ross ECKLER, Assistant Director
HOWARD C. GRIEVES, Assistant Director
MORRIS H. HANSEN, Statistical Assistant to the Director
ROBERT Y. PHILLIPS, Executive Assistant to the Director
CALVERT L. DEDRICK, Coordinator, International Statistics
FRANK R. 1VILSON, Information Assstant to the Director
J.C. CAPT,

PHILIP

M.

HAUSER,

While this volume has been planned, assembled, and edited in


the Bureau of the Census, with the advice and assistance of the
Social Science Research Council, many other individuals and
agencies contributed to its preparation, directly and indirectly. In
some instances, individuals devoted themselves full-time for the
period necessary to complete their phase of the project. In other
instances, contributions were prepared by individuals while they
maintained heavy responsibilities in their own offices. A number
of private publishers, authors, and research organizations generously granted permission to use their materials. In some cases,
they also made additional contributions in time and energy.
",Gener4I :;ac}aibwre~gIj;l:~n:tskfb~; ~fleh; ~h~pter are given on p. IV;
~"6thei' specific' aeknowledgm1ents i a;jpeftr within the text in the
various ,sect~h,~ oii'1:4~Ifl~lume.
This V()IUl~llOirks"pte:rg\red iI?- the office of Morris H. Hansen,
StatistIcal Assistant to the Director of the Bureau of the Census,

under the supervision of Morris B. mlman, Chief, Statistical Reports Section, byBruce L. Jenkinson, A. Benjamin Handler, and
William Lerner. Mr. Jenkinson, Chief, Statistical Abstract Unit,
was primarily responsible for the planning and preparation of the
report; Mr. Handler, Executive Secretary of the Social Science
Research Council Committee on the Source Book of Historical
Statistics, was primarily responsible for procurement of data and
relationships with the agencies and individuals who contributed
to the pUblication; and Mr. Lerner, Statistician, Statistical Abstract Unit, was primarily responsible for the review and editing
of the materials as to content, adequacy, and coverage.
Dorothy M. Belzer acted as staff assistant, particularly with
respect to tabular presentation, and was responsible for preparation of the materials for the printer. Claire F. Cahill checked all
cita)tions by reference to the original published sources and offered
many constructive suggestions as to the content of the book.

Social Science Research Council


The Social Science Research Council Committee on the Source
Book of Historical Statistics; Advisory to the Bureau of the CensUS t played an important role in the preparation of this volume.
The Chairman of the Committee and its members gave considerable time and thought to the review of plans, to advising on proper
courses of action t and contributed in other ways. In particular, J.
Frederic Dewhurst, Chairman, was in a large measure responsible
for the initiation of the project. The completed volume owes much

to his original outline of purpose, coverage, and arrangement. For


a detailed statement of the origins of this historical volume, see
introductory text.
Through a grant by the Committee on Research in Economic
History (Arthur H. Cole, Chairman) of the Social Science Research
Council, the full-time services of the Executive Secretary of the
Advisory Committee were made available to the Bureau of the
Census.

("

The Social Science Research Council Committee on the Source Book of Historical Statistics
(Advisory to the Bureau of the Census)
J. Frederic Dewhurst (Chairman), The Twentieth Century Fund
Shepard Clough
Columbia University
Arthur H. Cole
Harvard University
Morris A. Copeland
National Bureau of Economic Research
Ernest S. Griffith
The Library of Congress
Edward P. Hutchinson
University of Pennsylvania

Stacy May
International Basic Economy Corp.
Walter Mitchell, Jr.
Controllers Institute of America
Amos E. Taylor
Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce
Harold Williamson
Northwestern University
A. Benjamin Handler (Executive Secretary)
Social Science Research Council

R. H. Coats, University of Toronto, attended meetings of the Committee as a representative of the Social Science
Research Council of Canada

Suggested brief citation: U. S. Bureau of the Census t Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789-1945, Washington, D. C., 1949.
II

CONTENTS
(The numbers follDwing subjects are series numbers)
Chapter

A.

Page

Introduction_ ______________________________________________________

WeaIth and Income ________________________________________________

National wealth (A 1-100) including early and more recent estimates. Income
(A 101-207) including national product, national income, and income distribution.

B.

Popul~tion

Characteristics and Migration_ ____________________________

16

Population characteristics: Decennial summaries (B 1-23), area and population


(B 24-30), sex, age, and race (B 31-144), urban-rural and farm residence (B 145-181).
Migration: Internal migration (B 182-236), citizenship status and country of birth
(B 237-303), immigration, emigration, and naturalization (B 304-352).

C.

VitaiStatistics, Heaith, and Nutrition________________________________

39

Vital statistics, including births, deaths, marriage, and divorce (C 1-78). Health
(C 79-119). Nutrition (C 120-155).

D.

Labor Force, Wages, and Working Conditions_________________________

55

Labor force (D 1-106). Hours, wages, and earnings (D 107-212). Productivity


(D 213--:-217). Union membership and work stoppages CD 218-238).

E.

AgricuIture ____________________________________ -: _________________ __

74

General statistics (E 1-116). Livestock, meat, dairying, and poultry (E 117-180).


Crop statistics (E 181-243). Farm credit (E 244-269).

F.

Land, Forestry, and Fisheries ___________________ --------------------

113

Public lands of the United States (F 1-24). Land utilization (F 25-68). Forestry
(F 69-154). Fisheries (F 155-219).

G.

Minerals and Power ____________ .:. ____ _________ _______ ________ ____ ___

133

Value of minerals and production indexes (G 1-12). Fuels (G 13-64). Nonmetals


(G 65-92). Metals (G 93-130). Mining employment and injuries (G 131-158).
Power (G 159-233).
. .

H. Construction and Housing ____________________________________ ~______

160

Construction expenditures (H 1-39). Other construction data (H 40-80). Housing


units (H 81-112). Nonfarm housing credit (H 113-135).

J.

Manufactures_____________________________________________________

176

General statistics (J 1-12). Production indexes (J 13-48). Value of output


(J 49-148). Capital expenditures (J 149-151). Physical output of specific commodities (J 152-180).

K.

Transportation~

____________________ ~ __________ - ____

~---

___________ ~

188

Railroads (Kl-93). Shipping and water traffic (K 94-173). Road transportation


(K 174-238). Air transport (K 239-273).

L.

PriceIndexes ________________________

~____________________________

226

General price index (L 1). Wholesale price indexes (L 2-35). Cost of living, consumers' price, and retail price indexes (L 36-52).

M. Balance of Payments and Foreign Trade ___ .:. __ ~ _______________________

237

International balance of payments eM 1-41). Foreign trade including imports and


exports of gold, silver, and merchandise (M 42-112).

N.

Banking and Finance __________________________ -:- ____________________

253

Banking statistics eN 1-147). Currency and gold eN 148-184). Money rates and
security markets (N 185-232).

P.

Government ________________________________________________

~______

283

Elections and politics (P 1-61). Government civilian employment (P 62-88). Federal government finances (P 89-169). Copyrights, patents and trade-marks
(P 170-187). State and local government finances (P 188-277).
Appendix 1.

Monthly and Quarterly Indicators of Business Conditions______ _______ ______ _

320

Appendix II.

Basic Premises for Data Selection _______ ________________ __ _____ ______ ___ __

350

Time-period and alphabetical indexes_ _ _________________________________________ ________

353
III

Acknowledgments for Chapter or Section Contributions


(Acknowledgments for single or small groups of series are included in the text for those series)

Chapter A. Wealth and Income


Chapter prepared by Harlow D. Osborne, Economic Analyst,
National Income Division, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Department of Commerce.
Chapter B. Population and Migration
Material on population, internal migration, citizenship, and
country of birth prepared by Bureau of the Census staff.
Basic text and series for immigration, emigration, and naturalization supplied by Mrs. Helen F. Eckerson, Supervisor of 'the
Statistics Section, Division of Research and Education, Immigra,.
tion and Naturalization Service, Department of Justice.
Chapter, C. _Vital Statistics, Health, and Nutrition
Basic text arid series on vital statistics supplied by National
Office of Vital Statistics, Public Health Service, Federal Security
Agency.
Basic text and series on health supplied by Division of Public
Health Methods, Office of the Surgeon General,Public Health
Service, Federal Security Agency.
Basic text and series on nutrition supplied by Bureau of Human
, Nutrition and Home Economics and Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Department of Agriculture.
Chapter D. Labor Force, Wages, and Working Conditions
Material on labor force prepared by Bureau of the Census staff.
Basic text and series on wages and working conditions largely
supplied by Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor,
Margaret H. Schoenfeld, Economic Editor, coordinating.
Chapter E. Agriculture
Basic text and series supplied by Bureau of Agricultural Economics and Farm Credit Administration, Department of Agriculture, Robert M. Walsh, Special Assistant to the Chief of the
Bureau of Agricultural Economics, coordinating.
Chapter F. Land, Forestry, and Fisheries
Basic text and series on public lands supplied largely by Branch
of Research, Bureau of Land Management, Department of the
Interior. _
Basic text and series on land utilization supplied by Bureau of
Agricultural Economics, Department of Agriculture.
Series on forestry supplied by Division of Forest Economics,
Forest Service, Department of Agriculture.
Series on fisheries supplied by Statistical Section, Division of
Commercial Fisheries, Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of
the Interior.
Chapter G. Minerals and Power
Basic text and series on minerals supplied by Economics and
Statistics Branch, Bureau of Mines, Department of the Interior,
Hubert D. Keiser and Allan F. Matthews, former and present
editors of the Minerals Yearbook, coordinating.
Basic text and series on power supplied by Division of Finance
and Statistics, Bureau of Accounts, Finance, and Rates, Federal
Power Commission.
Chapter H. Construction and Housing
Basic text and series on construction supplied by Keith W.
Johnson, Economic Analyst, Samuel J. Dennis, Chief, Construction Economics Unit, and William H. Shaw, Chief, Construction
Statistics Unit, Gonstruction Division, in the Bureau of Foreign
IV

and Domestic Commerce, Department of Commerce. Material was


also supplied by: H. E. Riley, Chief, Construction and Public Employment Division, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of
Labor; and Fred E. Schnepfe, Chief, Liaison Division, Public
Roads Administration, Federal Works Agency.
Material on housing prepared by Bureau of the Census staff.
Chapter J. Manufactures
Material on manufactures prepared by Bureau of the Census
staff.
Chapter K. Transportation
List of series on railroads suggested by: Bureau of Transport
Economics and Statistics, Interstate Commerce Commission; and
Bureau of Railway Economics, Association of American Railroads.
Material on water transportation prepared by staff of Bureau
of the Census.
Series on road transportation supplied by Division of Research
Reports and Statistics, Public Roads Administration, Federal
Works Agency.
List of series on air transport suggested by J. Parker Van Zandt,
Brookings Institution, and by Civil Aeronautics Administration,
Department of Commerce. Data supplied by Civil Aeronautics
Administration.
Chapter L. Price Indexes
Basic text and series supplied by Prices and Cost of Living
Branch, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor.
Chapter M. Balance of Payments and Foreign Trade
Basic text and series for balance of payments supplied by International Economics Division, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic
Commerce, Department -of Commerce.
Material on foreign trade prepared by Bureau of the Census
staff.
Chapter N. Banking and Finance
Data reviewed and basic text supplied by Division of Research
and Statistics, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
\

Chapter P. Government
Series and basic text on elections and State and local finance and
employment were supplied by the Governments Division of the
Bureau of the Census.
Data on Federal Government finance were prepared in the
Bureau of the Census with the cooperation of the Office of the
Technical Staff, Treasury Department.
Series and basic text on copyrights, patents, and trade-marks
were supplied by P. J. Federico, Examiner-in-Chief, Patent Office,
Department of Commerce.
Appendix I.

Monthly and Quarterly Indicators of Business


Conditions
Chapter prepared by Geoffrey H. Moore, National Bureau of
Economic Research. In transmitting the manuscript, Mr. Moore
stated: "In preparing this chapter I have had the expert assistance
of several members of the staff of the National Bureau of Economic
Research. I am especially indebted to Arthur F. Burns for his
critical advice on selection of series, and to Millard Hastay for
preparing a number of the descriptive notes. Hanna Stern was
mainly responsible for compiling the data and verifying sources.
TheF. W. Dodge Corporation and Business Statistics Organization, Inc., have kindly given permission to publish certain of their
series."

HISTORICAL STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES


Introduction
This historical supplement to the Statistical Abstract of the late research by others leading to filling in of gaps in historical
United States presents, in compact form for ready reference, ap- knowledge-research that will afford materials for inclusion in
proximately 3,000 statistical time series which cover various future revisions.
periods from 1789 to 1945. In a very few instances, figures are
shown for the colonial period and the years under the Continental
The Problem of Historical Statistics
Congress. These statistics reflect economic, social, and political
The statistics of the Nation are an important and even indisaspects of the development of the Nation since the Federal Governpensable
tool in the proper portrayal of the status of the United
ment was formally established.
The present edition is not intended as a final product. In terms States in various subject fields at various periods in time. There
of the objectives of the compilers it is preliminary in character are surprisingly few general fields in which existent figures cannot
and comprises, in effect, a working manuscript. As such, it estab supplement or clarify the qualitative historical records-figures
which were compiled year by year during the course of events, or
lishes a pattern and provides a preliminary selection of materials.
Gaps and weaknesses are thereby disclosed and problems crys- were reconstructed later on the basis of existent statistical evitallized. On the basis of the experience thus gain'ed, and the sug- dence.
The extent to which statistical data are cited or taken into
gestions and criticisms of users of this edition, the process of reviaccount
in historical writings is frequently dependent upon the
sion will make possible a more useful future edition.
ready availability of the needed data to the writers. An underThis volume is designed to serve two immediate needs. First,
to bring together for the convenience of users of statistics the standable lack of knowledge as to the existence of historical stahistorical series of wide general interest; and second, to provide, tistics in a given field, and the relative inaccessibility of the
through brief descriptive text and precise source notes, a guide volumes in which they may be found, combine to prevent their
to the types of historical data available, so as to inform the user more widespread and effective use.
True, in some subject fields statistical time series are entirely
where further data can be o,btained. These objectives are similar
to those of the annual Statistical Abstract of the United States, lacking, particularly figures already arranged year by year. In
except that in the annual volume the emphasis is on current data many important fields, however, the past publications of the
Nation, public ahd private, contain a wealth of data periodically
with limited historical data as background.
compiled
which reflect the fact that "a strong passion for statisThe historical statistics selected for presentation here consist
primarily of data readily available in Federal agencies and in a tics early developed itself in the life of, our people ..." 1
Sources of data. Among the numerous sources of historical stafew additional quarters. In the compilation task, the Bureau of
the Census has not engaged in new research for the purpose of tistics of the United States are the annual reports of the execuestablishing new series, revising existent series, or interpreting tive heads of the various Departments, Bureaus, and other agencies of the Federal Government, reports of special Federal 'comthe comparability through time of the statistics presented.
missions
established from time to time, the volumes of the various
Furthermore, the conditions of compilation, particularly the
cepsuses of the United States, the printed debates of the Congress,
time factor, made it impracticable to take full advantage of the
research already performed by others. To locate and bring to- the published reports of Committees of the Congress and the
transcripts of hearings conducted by them on important legislagether for initial inspection any significant proportion of the contive
measures, the published reports and documents of State
tributions to historical statistics which may be found in governGovernments, the statistical publications of private research foun,ment and other reports would be a formidable task in itself,
dations and organizations and of the universities and colleges of
exclusive of the evaluation necessary as a prelude to pUblication.
Even the selection and preparation for publication of 3,000 sta- the Nation, and the great mass of statistical and other volumes
tistical time series out of those most ready of access would have printed privately by other organizations and individuals.
, Difficulty of accessibility. The accessibility of these great masses
proved impracticable without the cooperation of the many governof
historical data to those who wish to use them is another matter.
ment bureaus whose materials are shown.
In particular, it is felt that so-called "lapsed" series are not ,As matters stand, Senators and Congressmen, public officials,
sufficiently represented here. These are series once compiled an- economic, social, and political historians, research workers, teachers, students, journalists, and authors, to mention only a few
nually but abandoned at some time in the past. The reason for
groups,
who wish to consult the historical statistics 'Iavailable"
abandonment varies: A new and more adequate measure of the
given phenomena may have become possible; the phenomena in published form on a given subject are faced with three major
difficulties:
being measured may have ceased to exist, as in the instance of the
First, the determination of the existence' of the data and the
statistics on slavery; the subject field may have been one in which
!denti~cation of the exact public or private document or volume
the Federal Government ceased to collect data; or the phenomena
m WhICh the data may be found. Frequently, this requires a
may have receded to a position of minor import in our national
knowledge of the responsibilities of government bureaus in years
long past, and the scope, coverage, and formal description or
life. A careful selection and presentation of such series would go
title of their official reports. The exact material which is desired
far to provide a more complete statistical picture of the early and
may already have been compiled, but it may well be buried
middle periods of the Nation's existence.
in an obscure special report or in the published documents of
Major objectives of a future revision of this volume should inan early Congress-publications which few libraries may have
on their shelves.
clude presentation of additional series less readily available, a
Furthermore, the present staff of the Government Bureau now
selection of some of the more significant lapsed series which offer
responsible for the given subject field may have only a meager
light on early American history, and series in a few additional
1 From a speech ?y Francis A. Walker, Superintendent of the Ninth and Tenth
subject fields for which statistics could not be presented in this
Cen~u~es of th~ Uruted ~tates (1870 and 1880), delivered before the International
first edition. It is hoped also that the present volume will stimu- Statl~tlcal Institute, ChICago, 1893.

HISTORICAL STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES


knowledge of the detailed statistics contained in the early reports
and published documents of their own and predecessor agencies.
Second, once an exact published source has been determined,
the data may not be found already arranged in the form of a
time series.
In some historical fields, such as banking, merchant vessel
tonnage, and the fiscal affairs of the government, current or
fairly recent government documents carry extensive statistical
summary tables which provide the more important data carried
far back in time year by year. In other fields, the annual reports
and other documents present figures only for the most recent
. year. Accordingly, historical tables must be constructed laboriously by reference to as many volumes as there are years to be
considered. This requires access to a collection of such volumes
possessed by few libraries.
- Even in Washington, D. C., at the seat of Government, where
the extensive collections of the Library of Congress may be
supplemented by reference to Bureau and Departmental libra':'
ries and records, the compilation of long-term time series by
reference to individual annual reports is a laborious and timeconsuming task.
Third, identification of changes in concept and coverage over
a period of time is important since such changes may affect
vitally the interpretation of the statistics for a span of years.
Coupled with this is the need for definitions of terms employed
in published historical tables, definitions which may be in a
separate publication or may never have been published.
A ready "solution" of the first two difficulties by location of
a previously compiled time series may prove deceptive. As a
general rule, historical tables in government documents represent compilations of figures with a minimum of text and tabular
notes. Definitions, where given, are usually for the current year;
qualifications of data, particularly warnings as to changes in
concepts and collection methods over the years, are often
inadequate.
Grave risks are entailed in attempts to compile long-term time
series of annual data by reference to successive issues of the Statistical Abstract of ,the United States. In each issue, many revised
figures appear .. Generally, these are for the immediately preceding year or years, but revisions in the more historical data are
not uncommon. Statistics for the specific years for which data
are shown in the most recent issue of the Statistical Abstract may
be used with no greater precaution than is necessary when making
use of any highly abbreviated presentation of historical statistics.
However, the attempt to fill in data for omitted years by reference to earlier issues may well result in serious lack of comparability through time.
In view of the broad difficulties outlined above, it is apparent that no single reference volume can offer a complete solution
to the problem of historical statistics, as such. At best, it can provide a selection of statistics in a number of broad subject fields
and constitute a guide to the more basic and detailed sources of
data-functions which comprise the objectives of Historical Statistics of the United States.

Origins of This Volume


This yol~me stems directly from a resolution of the Committ~e
on Problems and Policy of the Social Science Research Council
which was transmitted to the Secretary of Commerce. That resolution urged that the Secretary give consideration to the compilation and publication by the Bureau of the Census of a source book
of economic statistics.
The idea had been originated by J. Frederic Dewhurst who,
in a memorandum dated April 12, 1945, outlined the need for a
volume which would bring together within a single cover the most
important of the comprehensive statistical series measuring the
economic development of the United States over the past century
or more. Dr. Dewhurst submitted his proposal, which included
illustrative materials, to the American Statistical Association
and the American Economic Association which, the same year,
set up a Joint Committee to explore the practical problems of
Dreparing such a volume. The Economic History Association,

VI

which also expressed an interest, was invited by the Joint Committee to send representatives to its meetings.
The proposal was discussed by the Committee on Problems and
Policy of the Social Science Research Council on July 28, 1945,
which adopted and transmitted to the Secretary of Commerce
the resolution referred to above.
.
In his reply to the Social Science Rese~rch Council, dated August
9, 1945, the Secretary of Commerce wrote "The Bureau of the
Census is prepared to cooperate to the fullest extent possible in
the preparation of this volume and is including in its budget request for next year (fiscal year 1947) the necessary funds for compilation and printing." The Bureau of the Census was particularly
interested in this proposal because of the growing belief of staff
members responsible for preparation of the annual Statistical Abstract of the United States that a historical supplement to that
volume was needed. Such a supplement would provide users of
the Statistical Abstract with needed historical compilations which
some users now attempt to obtain by reference to successive back
issues, frequently with unfortunate results as indicated above.
Also, additional current statistics could be included in the annual
issues of the Statistical Abstract if some reduction could be made
in the space devoted to historical data. Funds were made available
for this purpose in the appropriations for 1947 and compilation
work was begun.
With the formal acceptance by the Bureau of the Census of responsibility for compilation of the volume, the Joint Committee.
was reconstituted and it became the Social Science Research
Council Committee on the Source Book of. Historical Statistics,
Advisory to the Bureau of the Census. The Committee on Research
in Economic History of the Social SciencaResearch Council made
additional funds available so that the Committee on the Source
Book of Historical Statistics could appoint a full-time executive
secretary to work with the Bureau of the Census in the joint effort
to insure that this book meet the widest possible needs.

Planning and Compilation


As a first step in the actual preparation of this volume, the
Bureau of the Census staff, with the advice and cooperation of the
Advisory Committee, prepared a working outline and statement
of basic premises to guide the selection of material. It was necessary to set up a procedure for reviewing and sifting the many
series available in an effort to select for presentation in the limited
space of a single volume those series that would be most widely
useful.
After agreement on a basic framework, a number of agencies
and persons were approached to prepare lists of significant available historical series for specific subjects which they would recommend for inclusion or to review and supplement lists prepared by
the editorial staff of the volume. Since it was realized that there
were many questions and much room for judgment in the preparation of these lists, it was intended that the lists be given a
further broad review throughout the field of possible users in
government, in business, and in the academic world. Most of these
first lists were prepared or edited by persons in Federal government agencies since such persons were more readily available for
consultation.
It soon became evident that the broader review process would
be of limited value unless the data themselves could be made
available to those who were to be asked to review the lists. This
need led to the preparation of this edition without such a broad
review.

Comments and suggestions. It is the intention of the Bureau


of the Census to review this material systematically in the next
few years. To this end, users of this volume are encouraged to send
in any comments or any information they have which they believe

INTRODUCTION
will make this volume more complete and more useful. The statement of "Basic Premises for Data Selection," which comprised
the basic cOI1siderations for the project, is reproduced without
significant change in Appendix II. This provides the criteria

. aga;inst which contributions and suggestions for future editions


should be measured. In itself, the statement of premises is subject
to change, and criticisms and suggestions leading to its improvement will be welcomed.

TECHNICAL NOTES
Arrangement of the data. Data finally selected for inclusion in
this volume are arranged by subject in lettered chapters and numbered series. The chapter titles are of necessity somewhat arbitrarily chosen and certain materials could have been classified
under several of them. On the whole, however, it is felt that subject
matter of interest can readily be found by reference either to the
sUbject-listing under the chapter titles in the table of contents
or to the index on the last pages of the book. Because of the possible confusion of capital letter I and Roman numeral I and of
capital letter 0 with zero (0), these two letters have been omitted
in identifying the chapters.
Each series or tabular column is assigned a number, the first
series in each chapter beginning with 1. Each series is further
identified in the table titles and cross-references by prefixing the
chapter letter. Thus, the 44th series in the chapter on Agriculture
is designated as E 44 to distinguish it from the 44th series in the
chapter on Transportation designated as K 44.
All series begin with the most recent year for which data have
been obtained and run backward in time. Insofar as possible, there
are uniformly placed spaces above every year ending in 0 or 5.
No data are shown for years subsequent to 1945; this was done
partly becawile it facilitated the space arrangement, but primarily
because a considerable body of 1946 figures were still preliminary
at the time this volume was in preparation.
Basic premises. When preparing a volume of this type, certain
basic premises must be established to guide the staff and consultants in the selection and preparation of the material. These premises are subject to modification in accordance with the problems
encountered during the course of operations. A statement on the
basic premises for Historical Statistics of the United States is presented as appendix II on page 350. The extent to which it has been
possible, or impracticable, to adhere to the objectives and premises
described will be apparent to the user of this edition. The following
specific observations relate to the limitations of the tabular materials and descriptive text as found in this preliminary edition.
Area coverage. Data shown in this volume are for continental
United States as a whole, unless otherwise specified in table titles,
tabular notes, or descriptive text. In some instances, however, the
source material used failed to specify clearly the exact area covered.
Where practicable, the matter was investigated and the appropriate qualification added.
Time coverage. Three major problems of identification of timeperiods were encountered: (1) The sources occasionally did not
state whether the data were for a calendar or fiscal year; (2) if for
a fiscal year, it was not always clear whether the data were for a
fiscal year ending June 30, September 30, or some other date; (3)
shifts in time coverage, as from calendar to fiscal year, during the
period covered by the series, were not always clear in the source.
In all three instances, particularly where time shifts seemed
likely to have occurred, an effort was made to determine the exact
situation so far as practicable.
Series linkage. No formal attempt has been made in this edition
to extend a single series farther through time by linking it to another
series which terminated at or near the date on which the first
series began, or stopped, as the case may be. However, in anum
ber of instances, notably in the chapter on agriculture, such series
have been presented in adjoining columns, with an overlap for a

period of years when available. In spite of this, some series which


are presented here as continuous through the years are comprised
of distinct segments. These series are shown thus in this volume
for the following reasons:
1. The series have been transcribed as shown in the source materials. The volumes from which data were taken frequently present'
historical summaries in a given field for the purpose of permitting
broad comparisons, or to bring out certain particular attributes
for which the data shown are comparable, with tabular notes selected in terms of the particular presentation purpose. It is possible
that notations vital to other types of interpretation were omitted.
Thus, a series showing data from 1789 to the present may be
adequately noted for use of those who wish to measure the extent
to which certain present-day phenomena have their antecedents in
past time; the same notes may well be useless, and the omitted
notes vital, to a person whose interest is confined to the period
1820-1860.
Actually, the problem of omitted qualifications is inherent in
virtually every time-series of any length. The series presented here
are no exceptions to that rule. In general, where the sources used
provided tabular notes, qualifying the data, such notes have been
included here.
2. In some instances, the linkage of series had already been performed and published by competent research workers who had
made a careful study of the factors involved. Such series have, of
course, been presented here, citing the source. Even here" however, it should be noted that the research may have been carried
on in terms of specific objectives. Consequently, the data are
subject to increased qualifications when used fo~ purposes other
than those contemplated by the original responsible analyst.
Omissions of data, "blank" cells. The significance of dashes in
tabular cells requires explanation, since their meaning tends to vary
from series to series, and even within the same series. In general,
the presence of cell "leaders" or "dashes" indicates merely that
no information was provided for this volume. In respect to possible
significance, dash entries may mean that (1) no information exists
for the given year, (2) that the entry, if shown, would be zero (0),
(3) the information was not available, whether because it was
never requested, or whether it was requested but was not forthcoming, or (4) the information is believed to exist in published
fOfm but it was not practicable to do the research necessary to
locate the appropriate source.
Further, the practices of the several government agencies and
private sources of information differ as to the meaning of dashes in
cells, the extent to which they label material as "not available,"
the meaning of the term "not available," the use of the zero (0)
entry, etc.
In general, the policy adopted in preparing this volume, was to
retain "not available" notations where they appeared for intermediate years in the series; to change them to dashes where they
appeared at the beginning or end of the series. Where cells were
left blank in the sources, they were filled with dashes in this volume.
Finally, since series of varying length taken from different
sources are frequently found in adjoining colurp.ns, the stub listings for years necessarily encompass the earliest and latest date for
which any of the series are shown.' In itself, this tends to create
many additional blank cells, as in the case where a series for 1885
to 1926 is placed next to the same stub as a series for 1880 to 1945.

VII

HISTORICAL STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES


Here again, the "blank" cells have been filled by dashes in order' accept responsibility for the accuracy or limitations of data other
to make it easier for the user's eye to trace the entries for a given than those which it collects. Every attempt has been made insofar
year across the entire table, through the otherwise blank columns. as time and personnel permitted to verify and label properly the
material included here. The places where this was not" always possiThe presence of dashes in the cells may thus have several ble are indicated in the remarks, just preceding this section. Final
meanings-it does not necessarily mean that the value is zero, not responsibility for selection of the material, for accurate transmittal,
obtainable, or nonexistent. The user will have to judge from the
and for proper presentation, rests with the .Bureau of the Census,
context which meaning is appropriate in each particular instance. even though carried out with the cooperation of many individuals
Responsibility. Because of the multitude of sources and the and agencies who devoted much time and energy in providing
varied subject matter covered, the Bureau of the Census cannot data and descriptions of series for this publication.

FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON DATA PRESENTED


write to the agency indicated in the source note in the descriptive text for the given statistical series.
SUGGESTIONS AND COMMENTS
should be sent to:
The Director
Bureau of the Census
Washington 25, D. C.

STATISTICAL ABSTRACT PUBLICATIONS


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statistical yearbook of the United States-issued annually.
Includes statistics from many sources, public and private. Current figures will be found there for many of the time-series presented to 1945 in the historical supplement. 1948 issue now
available. 1054 p. Price $2.75 (buckram).
Historical Supplement
Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789-1945. Contains
3,000 statistical time series, largely annual, extending back through
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Price $2.50 (buckram).

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UTTT

Chapter A. Wealth and Income (Series A 1-207)


National Wealth: Series A 1-100
EARLY ESTIMATES OF NATIONAL WEALTH

(A 1-2)

A 1. Total valuation of aU the real and personal property in the


United States, 1774-1807. SOURCE: For 1774-1805, see Blodget,
Samuel, Jr., Economica; A Statistical Manual for the United States
of America, 1806 edition, p. 68; for 1806, 1807, see article signed
"S. B." and entitled "Thoughts on a Plan of Economy (Suited to
the Census of 1808) for the United States of America" in Colvin's
Weekly Register, vol. I CVlashington City, 1808), p. 235 . ..7I.lote: The
Library of Congress file of Colvin's Weekly Register is incomplete.
However, the copy of Blodget's Econoinica found in the Department of Commerce library (Washington, D. C.) includes, within
the same binding, a copy of the article cited above. For a detailed
statemEnt for 1805, see Economica, p. 196, and table 1, below.
Interest in the national wealth of the United States arose long
before interest in national income, just as modern balance-sheet
concepts developed earlier than the concepts of the income account.
The first serious attempt to estimate the wealth of this country
appears to have been made by Samuel Blodget, Jr., the compiler
of an early collection of statistics of the United States. His Economica: A Statistical1l1anual for the United States of America (1806
edition) includes a detailed statement of the estimated value of
all the real and personal property in the United States for the
year 1805 and also a series of national totals (series AI), unsupport,ed by details, extending back to 1774.
No statement is made by Blodget as to the source material underlying either of these two tabulations. It seems likely that the totals
given for 1774-1804 were derived in much the same way as the,
1805 figure, since the details of the latter are presented as being
related to the former, and since most of the material which would
be needed for estimating prior-year values on the same plan as for
1805 is actually included in the table which shows the prior-year
wealth totals. The 1805 classification given by Blodget (Economica,
1806 edition, p. 196) is shown below in table 1. According to Blodget, "Slaves are rated too high till they are better managed; everything else is below the mark."
TABLE 1.-AN ESTIMATE OF ALL THE REAL AND PERSONAL
PROPERTY IN THE UNITED STATES (EXCLUSIVE OF LOUISIANA TERRITORY): 1805
ITEM

Total valuation for 1805____________________________________


1 million of habitations and apparel for 6 millions of persons, with
shops, barns, implements, tools, furniture, etc., each 360 dollars:' _ _
39 million acres of lands averaged at 6 dollars_____________________
150 million acres adjoining and near the cultivated lands averaged at
3 Yz dollars_ _ ______ __ ___ __ ___ _ __ _ _______ ___ ____ _ ___ ________ __
451 million acres, the residue of all the lands in the United States averaged at 2 dollars_____________________________________________
Carriages and all livestock @ 70 dollars each family________________
Turnpike, canal, and toll bridge stock____________________________
10,000
flour,
saw, iron, and other
dollars
eachgrist,
___________________
_ __ mills,
__ _ ___value
__ _ __not
__ __less
__ __than
__ __400
__ _
1 million slaves, average value 200 dollars_________________________
Country produce on hand for.'export, manufacturing, etc ________ ~___
Stock in trade: 1,000,000 tons shipping; European, India merchandise, funds
etc.; ___________________________________________________
specie; bank stock, insurance stock, and all incorporated
Public buildings, churches, Wash. city lots, arsenals, naval and military stores, arms, ammunition, frigates, dock yards, timber, etc~__
~

Millions of
dollars
2,505.5
360
234
525
902
70
15
4
200
26
150
19.5

The second group of wealth statistics to be considered begins


with the year 1813, when the Congress laid a direct tax on property.
The valuations required for the administration of this tax were not
tabulated, but were used in part as the base for a subsequent tax
levied in 1815, when the valuations were tabulated. The total so

derived for the value of "houses, lands, and slaves" was 1,902 million dollars (the Louisiana Territory was excluded as its returns
were incomplete), according to Timothy Pitkin's A Statistical
View of the Commerce of the United States (1835 edition),p. 313,
Of this total, Pitkin estimates the value of slaves included at
roughly 300 million dollars.
Since under-assessment has been the rule rather than the exception in property tax administration, the total given by Pitkin is
probably an underestimate. It is, moreover, too low to be consistent with Blodget's figure. But it is important partly because it,
illustrates the crude beginning of the method later developed by
the Census, and partly because it was used by another nineteenthcentury statistican (Burchard, see series A 2) as the starting point
for a series of annual interpolations extending from 1825 to 1880.
A 2. Estimated national wealth, 1825-1880. SOURCE: Annual
Report of the Director of the Mint, 1881, p. 71.
Horatio C. Burchard included in his Annual Report of the Director of the Mint, 1881, a historical table of price fluctuations over
this 56-year period, and added series of annual estimates of the
Nation's wealth and population for comparative purposes. These
wealth estimates (series A 2), purport to be based for 1825-1850
on Pitkin's figure for 1815 and the Census total for 1850. The derivation of the 1851-1880 estimates is not explained, but was apparently the result of interpolation between the decennial census
totals. l
Burchard's estimates include taxable property only, and probably exclude a good share of that in 1849 and prior years. His figures for 1850-1879 share the characteristics of the census totals of
the period, described below.
MORE RECENT ESTIMATES OF NATIONAL WEALTH (A 3 100)

A 3-99. General note. During the period 1850-1922, that is, from'
the Seventh Decennial Census to the date of estimates included in
the Federal Trade Commission report 2 on national wealth and income, there was a rapid development, both in technique and in
basic data for statistics of wealth. The Bureau of the Census prepared estimates of national wealth for selected years, from 1850 to
1922 (see table 2 and series A 42-74). The Federal Trade'Commission estimates for 1922, however, were considerably broader in
scope than the Census estimates, covering items not included in
the Census total. In consequence, where the Census total for 1922
was 321 million dollars, the Commission estimate was 353 million
dollars.2 These figures are not presented in detail here since this
investigation was not repeated.
After 1922 the Bureau of the Census discontinued making estimates of wealth, but the series were ultimately carried forward to
1937 by the National Industrial Conference Board in the same
general form (see series A 75-99). Also, a revision and extension of
some of the census estimates was made by Simon Kuznets (see
series A 3-41).
1 A footnote in the 1880 Census Report on Valuation .. reads as follows: ."Since
the above [statement of Census estimate as being $43,642,000,0001 was WrItten I
have discovered in the report of the Director of the Mint for 1881 (Table XXVII),
an estimate of $43,300,000,000 as the true valuation. The slig~t difference between
these two estimates, amounting to only 8/10 of 1 per cent., IS remar!rable, when
it is considered that they were made by very different m~thods; the es~mate above
quoted [Burchard's] having been deduced from the estImates at earh~r censuses,
by using the rates of increase." See Gannet, Henry, "Tl;e. True V~luatlOn 0' Real
and Personal Property in the United States," compr!smg the ~ntroduction ~o
Part I: Valuation and Taxation, in Report on Valuatton, TaxattOn, and Publtc
Indebtedness in the United States as Returnlld at the Tenth Census (June 1, 1880),
u. S. Department of the Interior, Census Office, Washington, D. C., 1884, footnote
p.11.
..,..
2 Federal Trade Commission, National Wealth and Income, 69th Cong., 1stsess
Senate Document No. 126, Washington, D. C., 1926, p.28.

Text: A 3-41

WEALTH AND INCOME

The material based on these sources embraces the bulk of the


statistics available on trends in national wealth and its components
for the United States as a whole. An attempt has been made to
arrange the data of the National Industrial Conference Board and
the Bureau of the Census in such a way as to bring out such elements of comparability through time as exist, and to facilitate the
linking together of discontinuous component series. Certain characteristics of the data are thus made very evident: (1) The National
Industrial Conference Board series (series A 75-99) are comparable for 1922-37 but are clearly not in full agreement with the corresponding 1922 Census figures; (2) the Census components for
1900-1922 are fairly comparable from year to year inmost cases,
but many of the components disappear into other broader categories for 1880 and 1890 (series A 42-74); and (3) further disappearance of details for years back of 1880 leaves only enough of a
breakdown for 1850-70 (see table 2) to serve as a reminder that
the estimates are at least partly built up from components rather
than global. Perhaps the basic weakness olthe 19th century figures
is that important types of wealth were covered incompletely or
not at all. The outstanding gap of this sort is the omission of taxexempt property in years prior to 1880, but there are many minor
gaps as well. On the other hand, the Census total of personalty in
1870 included the value of mortgages secured by.real estate which
was also included as such.
The census totals for 1850-1870 were actually compiled asmeasures of the "value of taxable property" rather than of the national
wealth. These totals represented the values as assessed for tax
purposes, adjusted by the estimated ratio of "true" to assessed
value. During this period there was a growing belief that personal
property should not be taxed like realty. As a result, the States
began to exempt various classes of personal property, and the
public conscience became increasingly lenient toward the concealment of personalty from the tax assessors. In consequence, the
aggregate value of assessed personalty declined decade by decade.
Available details for 1850-1870 are shown in table 2, below, together with figures for 1880 for purposes of comparison. Because
of these differences in scope, the 1880 data shown in table 2,
except in some instances, disagree with data presented in series
A 42-74.
TABLE 2.-VALUATION OF PROPERTY AND RELATED DATA:

1850 TO 1880
[In millions of dollars. Figures are as shown in sources cited; they differ at times
from figures in the original Census reports]
ITEM

VALUATION DATA
Property assessed for taxation:
Estimated true value ______________
Assessed value ____________________
Real estate or property __________
Personal estate or property _______
RELATED DATA
Manufacturing: Capital invested 1_____
Agriculture: Value ofFarm lands _______________________
Machinery and implements _________
Farm livestock ____________________

1880

1870
(currency
basis)

1860

1850

---- --43,642
16,903
13,037
3,866

30,069
14,179
9,915
4,264

22,781

32,118

1,010

533

10,197
407
1,500

9,263
337
1,525

6,645
246
1,089

3,272
152
544

16,160
7,136
12,085 -------6,973 -------5,112 --------

1 Figures are as shown in the 1870 and 1890 Census Reports on Manufactures;
figures for 1880 and 1890 include adjustments for comparability through time.
2 Modified figure. 1880 published total was 2,790 million dollars.
S Subsequent Census reports: give 1,695 as the gold equivalent.
Sources: Reports of Bureau of the Census and predecessor offices. For figures
on property assessed for taxation, 1850-1880, see Tenth Census (1880), Report on
Valuation, Taxation, and Public Indebtedness .. , part I, pp. 3-12. For figures on
capital invested in manufacturing, 1850-1880, see Eleventh Census (1890), Report
on ManUfacturing Industries . .. , part I, p. 4. For figures on agriculture, 1850-1880,
ee Eleventh Census (1890), Report on Statistics of Agriculture, p. 84-85.

By 1880, it was recognized (1) that valuations made for tax


purposes were not a satisfactory basis for determining trends in
national wealth, and (2) that the decennial valuation totals were
coming to be used more and more as measures of the Nation's progress rather than of its taxable capacity. Accordingly the plans for
the Tenth Census (1880} provided for "a more searching exami2

nation into the true value of property." A broader base was thereupon adopted and the 1880 "estimated true value" was derived
by making use, for the first time in this connection, of data from
the Census of Agriculture, Manufactures, and Mining; from the
Bureau of Customs; and from nongovernmental sources, particularly the Bradstreet Company. The national wealth in 1880 was
estimated as the sum of a dozen component types of goods instead
of as an adjusted total value of taxable property.
In addition, the value of churches, schools, asylums, public
buildings of all kinds, and other exempt realty were specifically
included for the first time. The general statistical approach was a
compromise between the comparative firmness of estimates for
later years and the uncritical global adjusting process formerly
used. Firm bases were not available for estimating most components, but such data as were obtainable were exhaustively sifted,
analyzed, and compared. For example, the estimate for household
belongings was based on rough averages for each individual item
in the hands of families classified by socio-economic group and by
State of residence; the results were checked against a second
estimate derived by assigning average periods of useful life to the
items annually produced or imported.
The Census estimates for 1890 showed further improvement
both in the technical quality of the report and in source data. Full
use was made of data from various census reports. Terms and
methods were defined in specific rather than in general terms. For
instance, in 1890, tax-exempt realty was explicitly stated to include
the public domain for the first time, whereas the,1880 report was
silent on this point. 3
The 1900 Census, authorized by the 1899 law, provided for direct
investigation into the value of property employed in agriculture
and manufacturing. The 1902 law establishing the Census Office
on a permanent basis also authorized a report on "public indebtedness, valuation, taxation, and expenditures," and these laws resulted in two compilations of national wealth only 4 years apart,
one as of 1900 and another as of 1904. Most of the basic data used
related to the year 1900, and estimates for that year were extrapolated to 1904 by use of figures for 1900 and 1905 from the Censuses of Manufactures, of estimates by the Department of Agriculture, and other information. There were some major exceptions to
this order of procedure. Thus, in the derivation of estimates for
both years, 1902 Census of Mining data were used as were 1900
and 1904 valuations made in connection with State and local real
property tax administration. A 1904 bench mark was used in estimating both the 1900 and 1904 values of railroad property.
The 1904 estimates are notable in that the method of bringing
prior-year values up to date by use of production figures for the
interim was employed extensively for the first time. This method
was used in deriving or in testing a number of estimates at later
censuses, and it was used extensively for the annual estimates of
1923-37, prepared by the National Industrial Conference Board.
The estimates for 1912 and 1922 differ from those for 1904, primarily as a result of progressive improvement in methods of estimating component details. These are indicated in the detailed text
presented for the individual series, below.
A 3-41. Value of land, rea] estate improvements, and equipment,
Census dates, 1880-1922. SOURCE: Kuznets, Simon, . National
Product Since 1869, National Bureau of Economic Research, New
York, 1946. For series A 3-37, see pp. 201, 202, and 213; and for
series A 38-41 (data in 1929 prices), see p. 231 of the source volume.
Part IV of the source volume analyzes and recalculates national
wealth estimates since 1880, "primarily in order to allocate capital formation by categories of users." The data shown are derived
from a number of sources, particularly Census reports. Kuznets

3 The 1922 report (Burea u of the Census, Estimated Natural Wealth: 19.'22, p. 17)
has confused the issue by listing "value of public domain" as one of a number of
items which were included in the estimates for 1880 and later years. The reference
to 1880 is probably an error. This points up a general problem with respect to the
early Census Bureau reports on wealth or valuation; statements made concerning
reports or estimates of previous years need to be checked carefully to the reports
of the years in question.

NATIONAL WEALTH
provides a detailed discussion of the adjustments and the sources
of data. For the area which they cover, these figures are far more
satisfactory for comparative purposes than the Census figures.
They are designed, as the Census estimates are not, to meet the
exacting modern standards of statistical research.
A 42-74. Items of national wealth, 1880-1922. SOURCES: Re,..
ports of the Bureau of the Census and predecessor offices. In
particular, see Wealth, Debt, and Taxation, 1907 ; Wealth, Debt,
and Taxation, 1913, vol. 1; and Wealth, Public Debt, and Taxation: 1922, section entitled "Estimated National Wealth." These
volumes are the primary sources of data gathered in theirivestigations of 1900 and 1904, 1913, and 1922, respectively. Each
provides a historical summary of the statistics for the decennial
inq1:liriel!! of 1880 and 1890. The sources for the 1880 and 1890
investigations are Report on Wealth, Debt, and Taxation at the
Eleventh Census: 1890, Part II, "Valuation and Taxation"; and
Report on Valuation, Taxation, and P'ublic Indebtedness ... Tenth
Census (June 1, 1880). In addition, as indicated in specific listings
below, certain details of distribution have been df;:rived from the
Census reports on manufactures, agriculture, etc., of the several
censuses.
A 42. Total national wealth. SOURCE: See text for series A 42-74.
Represents the summation of statistics shown for series A 43-74.
A 43-46. Real property and improvements, taxed. SOURCE: See
text for series A 42-74, above. These are estimates of true value
based on ratios of true to assessed values. The ratios have usually
been derived from State reports and from mail questionnaires
addressed to tax assessors and others familiar with property valuatiO: 47 . Real property and improvements, exempt. SOURCE: See
text for series A 42-74, above. These figures have been derived
from inquiries addressed to the owners of the property, in most
years. Coverage was markedly incomplete in 1880 and 1890, and
the 1912 estimate was calculated by applying to the value of taxable realty the ratio of exempt to taxable property approximated
by extrapolation on the 1900-1904 trend and by reference to figures
for four States for which figures on both types were available.
A 48-49. Livestock, etc. SOURCE: See text for series A 42-74,
above. These series are based largely on estimates by the Department of Agriculture, supplemented for stock not on farms by reference to Census of Agriculture reports. For 1880 and 1890, principal reliance was placed on the Censuses of Agriculture. The
1880 national wealth tabulation showed the value of livestock
combined with that of farming tools and machinery; the livestock
figure (2,000 million dollars) has been obtained by deducting from
the combined total the value of farming implements and machinery
(407 million dollars) as shown in the 1880 Agriculture Census
report (p. 4). The result differs conceptually from the 1880 figure
for farm livestock shown in table 2, above, in that the latter makes
no allowance for livestock not on farms. The implied estimate for
nonfarm livestock is, of course, subject to a wide margin of error.
For 1890, the amount of 394 million dollars for livestock not on
farms has been deducted from "Miscellaneous" and added here,
making series A 49 larger and series A 73 smaller by this amount
than indicated in the published reports. See Wealth, Debt, and
Taxation, 1907, p. 25, and Wealth of the United States, Census
Office Bulletin No. 379 (March 19, 1894), p. 2.
A 50. Farm implements and machinery. SOURCE: See text for
series A 42-74, above. The Censuses of Agriculture were the chief
sources of data for this series, with adjustments for intercensal
years made by use of Census of Manufactures data on production.
A 51. Manufacturing machinery, tools, and equipment. SOURCE:
See text for series A 42-74, above. These estimates are based mainly
on the capital investment items reported to the manufactures census, interpolations for intercensal years having been made by use
of straight-line trends in the earlier period and sample data for
1922. The 1890 figure shown is an arbitrary estimate representing
half the combined value of machinery and products reported as

Text: A 3-60

capital to the manufactures census. (See Wealth, Debt, end Taxation, 1907, p. 25.) The value of this item for 1880 is prob:.:ll:-;ly concealed in the figures for realty and stocks of goods.
A 52. Railroads and their equipment. SOURCE: See text for series
A 42-74, above. Reports to the Interstate Commerce Commission
were the chief basis of the estimates for 1912 and 1922. The figures
for 1900 and 1904 were derived by capitalizing earnings. The figure
for 1890 (8,296 million dollars) constitutes the remainder after
subtracting the street railway item (see series A 53) from the 1890
Valuation report figure of 8,685 million dollars which was described as "Railroads and equipment, including $389,357,289 for
street railroads." According to the 1890 Valuation report (p. 8),
this represents the cost of construction and equipment, "about
7,000 miles being estimated."
In contrast the 1880 figure was derived from the combined
balance sheet of "all railroads,': representing total assets minus
"profit and loss account." (See 1880 Transportation Census report, pp. 4 and 5.)
A 53. Street railways. SOURCE: See text for series A 42-74. The
series as far back as 1912 is based on reports of the Census of Electrical Industries. Values for 1900 and 1904 were obtained by capitalizing earnings. The 1890 figure is described merely as based
on the reported cost of construction and equipment, and was derived from the Street Railways Section of the 1890 Transportation Census report, p. 690. The item is not mentioned in 1880.
A 54. Telegraph and telephone systems, shipping and canals.
SOURCE: See text for series A 42-:74 and for series A 55-56 and
A 57-58. The 1890 figure represents capitalized earnings. The
1880 total (of 419 million dollars), which excludes telephone systems, appears to represent the summation of figures appearing in
the 1880 Transportation Census report as follows: For telegraphs,
93 million dollars; for merchant tonnage, all draft steam and sail,
156 million dollars; and for operating canals, 170 million dollars.
A 55-56. Telegraph and telephone systems. SOURCE: See text
for series A 42-74. Estimates for these were derived from the same
sources and by the same methods as those for street railways.
A57-58. Shipping and canals. SOURCE: See text for series A42-74,
above. The values for government vessels, particularly those of
the Navy, represent cost figures supplied by the departments concerned. Estimates for mercantile shipping have usually been derived by applying cost-per-ton ratios (from the manufactures census and other sources) to tonnages reported by the Commerce
Department, and allowing for depreciation. Census reports (either
of the Census of Waterways or of Transportation) also were
available for 1880,1890, 1906, and 1916, and were utilized in: varying degrees. Values for canals and investment in canalized rivers
for 1922 were taken from the Census of Waterways report of 1916;
those for 1912 were based chiefly on State reports and figures from
the U. S. War Department; those for 1890 were from the Transportation Census report of that year and were used again without
change in 1900 and 1904; those for 1880 were from the 1880 Transportation Census report. The 1890 figure represented earnings
capitalized at 5 percent; the 1880 figures were values set by owners.
A 59. Pullman and other cars not owned by railroads. SOURCE:
See text for series A 42-74, above. ICC reports were the primary
source for the 1912 and 1922 estimates. Values for 1900 and 1904
were approximated from the number of ears reported by the:carriers. This item is not mentioned in the reports for 1890. In 1880,
the Transportation report (see Statistics of Railroads, p. 4) makes
clear that the value of Pullman and other cars not owned by the
railroads is not included in the total shown for railroads and equipment, but provides no estimate.
A60. Pipe lines. SOURCE: See text for series A 42r-74 , above. The
1922 figure is an unofficial general-:purpose estimate supplied by
the Bureau of Mines. No estimate was made for this item in tabulations for earlier years; it may well be included with real property
and improvements.

Text: A 61-86

WEALTH AND INCOME

A 61. Privately owned waterworks. SOURCE: See text for series ference Board. Figures are from Enterprise and Social Progress,
New York, 1939, p. 60j text is from Economic Record, Oct. 5,
A 42-74, above. This series is based on a figure supplied by the
1939, p. 131.
Bureau of Internal Revenue for 1922, a Bureau of Labor report for
A 76. Real property and improvements, taxed, 1922-1937.
1900, and a constant arbitrary rate of increase from 1900 through
1912. The item was not mentioned in the 1880-90 tabulations, but SOURCE: See text for series A 75-99. A continuous record is found
is probably included under one of the general headings for these in the assessments of property in the various States for the general
property tax. In some instances, the sum of county assessments
years.
A 62. Central electric light and power stations. SOURCE: See was used. In some instances real estate had to be separated from
text for series A 42-74, above. Data are from the Census of Electri- a record of all taxable property. When the assessment was biennial,
or when the figures for 1936 had not been published, missing years
cal Industries.
had to be estimated. For each State and year, a ratio was found
A 63. Agricultural, manufactured, and imported commodities,
expressing the probable relation of actual to assessed valuation
total. SOURCE: The 1880 figure is from the 1880 report on Valuand the true value calculated.
ation, p. 11, where it is described as "Three-quarters of the annual
A 77. Real property .and improvements. exempt, 1922-1937.
product of agriculture and manufactures, and of the annual importation of foreign goods assumed to be the average supply in SOURCE: See text for series A 75-99. For seven States, official
appraisals by the assessors of the value of exempt property are
the hands of producers or dealers."
available, and from them true value was computed in the same
A 64. Stocks of goods: Agricultural products. SOURCE: See text
way as for taxed real estate. The annual change for these States
for series A 42-74, above. The 1922 estimate was based for the
was applied to the Census record of 1922 for other States.
most part on inventory figures from Agriculture Department and
A 78. Livestock, 1922-1937. SOURCE: See text for series A 75-99.
Census Bureau surveys; for certain minor crops, it was assumed
Based on the records of the Bureau of the Census and other inforthat stocks on hand would represent 40 percent of the year's promation, the Department of Agriculture has prepared estimates for
duction. The approach based on carryover as a percentage of proeach year of the value of the principal forms of livestock. These
duction was used in deriving the figures included in tabulations for
were supplemented by figures for minor forms of livestock comthe earlier years, output figures being derived from agricultural
piled by the Bureau of the Census in its five-year Census of Agricensus data. It should be noted that the Census Bureau series for
culture with interpolations for the intervening years.
stocks of products differ from the National Industrial Conference
A 79. Farm implements and machinery, 1922-1937. SOURCE:
Board series, being defined in terms of nature of products rather
See text for series A 75-99. Based on reports of the Bureau of the
than of nature of holder.
Census, the Department of Agriculture has prepared annual estiA 65-66. Stocks of goods: Manufactured products. SOURCE: mates. They include motor vehicles, and since such motor vehiSee text for series A 42-74. These figures, like those for farm prod- cles figure elsewhere in the wealth estimate, it was necessary to
ucts before 1922, are based chiefly on production data from the
compute for each year the value of farm motor vehicles and deduct
Bureau of the Census. The 1890 figure shown here is the estimate it from the total estimate of the Department of AgricJllture.
given in Wealth, Debt, and Taxation, 1907. It was designated in
, A 80. Manufacturing machinery, tools, and equipment, 1922that volume as the value of products in the hands of the factory 1937. SOURCE: See text for series A 75-99. The basis of the estiowners.
mate is the value of capital assets (land, buildings, and equipment)
A 67. Stocks of goods: Imported merchandise. SOURCE: See text reported by manufacturing corporations in the annual Statistics
for series A 42-74. This series represents a fixed proportion of the of Income for the years 1926-1936. It was adjusted to cover nontotal value of imports into the continental United States. The reporting corporations and non-corporate enterprises. A study of
item was included in "Miscellaneous" and in "Mill stocks" in 1890. a large number of corporations reporting in Moody's Industrial
A 68. Stocks of goods: Mining products. SOURCE: See text for Manual for 1936 their machinery separately from land and buildseries A 42-74. The 1922 value of coal stocks is estimated from a ings yielded a proportion which was applied to the total capital
survey of commercial stocks; and for 1890 stocks of mining prod- assets. For the years 1922 to 1925, the value of machinery
ucts are as reported to the Census of Mineral Industries in the case tained, as above noted, was carried back on the basis of change
of mine stocks and the Census.of Manufactures in the case of mill during this period in horsepower equipment reported in the Census
stocks. With these two exceptions the figures ave based on produc- of Manufactures.
tion data which were obtained either from the Geological Survey
A 81. Railroads and their equipment, 1922-1937. SOURCE: See
or from the Bureau of the Census.
text for series A 75-99. The value of railroads less depreciation is
A 69-73. Personal and miscellaneous property. SOURCE: See given annually in the report on Statistics of Railways of the Intertext for series A 42-74. The 1922 value is based on a mail ques- state Commerce Commission.
A 82. Street railways, 1922-1937. SOURCE: S'ee text for series
tionnaire for components other than vehicles. The estimate for
motor vehicles was derived from production and average price and A 75-99. Plant investment less depreciation was obtained for the
life data, and that for animal-drawn vehicles was computed from years 1922, 1927, and 1932 from the Census of Electrical Industries.
the reported numbers of horses and mules. For earlier years, esti- Interpolation was made for intervening dates, and for the years
mates were based chiefly on statistics of imports and manufactur- 1933 and 1936 change was computed at the same rate as observed
ing production, usually without allowance for wholesale and retail in the preceding four years.
A 83-84. Telegraph systems, 1922-1937. So URCE: See text for
markups. The 1890 method relied on a study of insurance policies
on houses and contents, and the 1880 figure is based partly on series A 75-99. The data for investment less depreciation from the
assumed average values per family in each socia-economic grqup.
Census of Electrical Industries for the years 1922, 1927, 1932, and
1937 were supplemented by interpolations which took into account
The 1890 value of 7,894 million dollars given for "Miscellaneous"
the changes noted in the annual reports of a large group of comin the source has here been reduced by reclassification of nonfarm
livestock to series A 49.
panies to the Interstate Commerce Commission.
A 85. Telephone systems, 1922-1937. SOURCE: See text for
A 74. Gold and silver coin and bulUon. SOURCE: See text for
series A 42-74, These figures are taken from official government series A 75-99. Data for the years 1922, 1927,1932, and 1937 were
reports. The 1922 figure is from the Treasury Department; those from the same source as those for telegraph companies and interfor previous years are from the Director of the Mint.
polations were made in the same manner.
A 86. Pullman and other cars not owned by railroads, 1922-1937.
A 7G-:J9. Classification of wealth in the United States, 1922-1937.
SOURCE: Adapted by permission from National 'Industrial Con- SOURCE: See text for series A 75-99. Data for cars of the Pullman

ob-

NATIONAL WEALTH

.Text: A 86-101

Company -and of the express companies were obtained from the produced in the United States as computed by the Bureau of
annual report on Statistics of Railways of the Interstate Commerce Foreign and Domestic Commerce for census yean:; with interpoJaCommission. The number of freight cars owned by shippers was tjons for other years. Inventories were then computed as a perfurnished by the American Railway Car Institute. This organiza- centage of such estimated sales.
tion computed the total value of such cars for two years and, on
A 96. Stocks in the hands of dealers: Retailers, 1922-1937.
the basis of average values and number of cars, interpolations SOURCE: See text for series A 75-99. Data for stoc!Is and sales of
were made for other Years.
retailers parallel to those for wholesalers are available in the CenA 87. Pipe lines, 1922-1937. SOURCE: See text for series A 75-99. sus of Distribution. It was observe.d that retail sales were an almost
Annual data are available in the report on Statistics of Railways constant proportion of the estimated national income, and this
ratio was used to estimate retail salf's before 1929,fl'om which
of the Interstat~ Commerce Commission.
A 88-89. Shipping and canals, 1922-1937. SOURCE: See text sales estimates, the inventory estimates were computed.
A 97. Stocks of goods in the hands of consumers. 1922-1937.
for series A 75-99. The value of ships of the United States Navy is
reported annually by the Navy Department. Value of other ship- SOURCE: See text for series A 75-99. These figures are a projection
ping and canals was based on data for capital assets (lands, build- of those found in the Bureau of the Census estimate for 1922. A
ings, and equipment) for 1930 to 1936 for corporations engaged in study of the production, exports, and imports of a large number of
"Water Transportation," defined as "ocean and fresh-water lines, articles of personal consumption was made and an index of change
canals, docking, drawbridge operating, lighterage, salvaging,' since 1932 was computed. The application of this index to the Cenpiloting, wharfing, and lessors." The information was drawn from sus estimates provided the estimates used by the Board.
its work sheets by the Bureau of Internal Revenue and furnished
A 98. Motor vehicles, 1922-1937. SOURCE: See text for series
the National Industrial Conference Board. For earlier years
A 75-99. A complex study of motor vehicle production, registrafigures were computed in proportion to changes in the documented tion, mortality, prices, and depreciation was required. From regisshipping of the United States and with consideration of changes in tration figures the number of vehicles in use was obtained; from prothe prevailing price levels.
duction and mortality figures, the number of each age in each year;
A 90. Privately owned waterworks, 1922-1937. SOURCE: See from the original price of each year's product and the amount of
text for series A 75-99. Data for the years 1930 to 1936 were fur- depreciation, the value of cars of each age in each year was deternished from unpublished records by the Bureau of Internal Rev- mined, and the sum of the latter gave the total value of all cars in
enue. For earlier years, population changes of towns supplied by use.
private waterworks were taken into account in computing the
A 99. Gold and silver coin and bullion, 1922-1937. SOURCE: See
investment.
text for series A 75-99. Monetary gold was figured at official rates;
A 91. Privately owned central electric light and power stations, monetary silver, at the New York price for fine silver.
1922-1937. SOURCE: See text for series A 75-99. The data for the \ A 100. Value of land and buildings on Manhattan Island, 1833years 1922, 1927, 1932, and 1937 were obtained from the Census of 1945. SOURCE: Lawyers Title Corporation of New York. These
Electrical Industries. The interpolation for the intervening years
amounts represent totals for which all land and buildings on Manwas made on a straight-line basis for each State individually, and hattan Island might have sold under price levels prevailing at the
the results added to obtain the totals.
time. They are computed from total assessed valuation of all land
A 92. Stocks in the hands of producers: Farmers, 1922-1937. and buildings at the percentage above or below assessments shown
SOURCE: See text for series A 75-99. For a few of the principal by considerations paid in all sales at the time of sale.
crops, the Department of Agriculture has computed the, value of
crops remaining in farmers' hands unsold at the end of the year.
Income: Series A 101-207
For other crops, holdings expressed in bushels can be converted
A 101-207. General note. The general idea underlying the varyinto values. For other important crops, figures are available for ing definitions of national income is cl~arest in the hypotheti cal
production and farm value, but not for stocks, and these were case of a nation populated solely by subsistence farmers, each farm
computed in the same ratio as for the group of crops for which family being self-sufficient. In such a nation, the income of each
figures were available. The crops for which values were given or, farmer would be the produce of his farm. As a producer, he could
computed represent practically all the important crops of which an be thought of as earning wages, profits, rent, and interest from his
appreciable amount remains unsold in farmers' hands at the end farm in the form of produce. As a consumer, he could be thought
of the year.
of as "buying" from his farm all the goods and services needed for
A 93. Stocks in the hands of producers: Manufacturers, 1922- his family's living, and "investing" the remainder of his output to
1937. SOURCE: See text for series A 75-99. For the years 1926 to
maintain and improve the farm.
1936, the inventories of manufacturing corporations given in the
The national income of this hypothetical nation would be the
Statistics of Income were supplemented by proper allowances for' value of the' aggregate produce of all farms, classified into wages,
nonreporting corporations and noncorporate enterprises. For the
profits, rent, and interest received in kind by farmers as producers.
earlier years' inventories were computed in the same ratio to gross The national product would also be the value of the aggregate
sales (data for which are available) as in the later years.
produce of all farms, classified into output "purchased" by farmers
A 94. Stocks in the hands of producers: Mine operators, 1922- as consumers plus the output "invested."
1937. SOURCE: See text for series A 75-99. For the years 1926 to
In order to summarize these national aggregates, of course, it
1936, data for the inventories of mining and quarrying corporations
would be necessary to place values on the various items of output
are available in the Statistics of Income, and they were extended and then to total up the values. For different purposes, different
backward to 1922 in the same ratio that these inventories bore in
bases of valuation are appropriate. For example, it may be felt
the later period to the total value of all mineral production.
. that the contribution of a given item of output to the national welA 95. Stocks in the hands of dealers: Wholesalers, 1922-1937. fare js measured in some sense by the market value of that item.
SOURCE: See text for series A 75-99. Information regarding stocks
To obtain a national aggregate related to welfare, then, output
and sales of dealers is available in the Census of Distribution for
would be valued at market prices. On the other hand, the use of
1929, 1933, and 1935. By means of a sample census in 1937, estilabor and capital required to produce a good may be measured in
mates may be made for 1936. Official estimates for sales in other some sense by the labor and capital costs of producing it. To obyears have been made by the Department of Commerce and intain a national aggregate measuring cost or input of economic
ventories may be computed. For the years before 1929, total sales
effort, then, output would be valued at the labor and capital costE'
were computed as a percentage of the total value of movable goods ("factor -Cost") of production.
5

Text: A 101-117

W.I1}ALTH AND INCOME

The logic underlying this is that the market prices of goods are the questions: "Who purchases the output?" and "How is the outproportional to the marginal utilities (or marginal substitution put used?" These questions are salient from the marketing standratios) of those goods, so that a deflated series of estimates of na- point. The values are at market prices which are more suitable
tional income at market prices is a composite index of physical than factor costs for dealing with problems of marketing and conquantities each weighted by its marginal utility; similarly,factor sumption.
costs of goods tend to be proportional to the marginal costs of
A 101. Gross national product (revised, July 1947). SOURCE:
those goods, so that a deflated series of estimates of national income See text for series A 101-144, above. Gross national product or
valued at factor cost is a composite index of physical quantities expenditure is here defined as the market value of the output of
each weighted by its marginal cost. (See J. R. Hicks, "Valuation of goods and services produced by the Nation's economy, before dethe Social Income" in Economica, vol. VII (new series), No. 26, duction of depreciation charges and other allowances for business
May 1940.)
and institutional consumption of durable capital goods. Other
For different purposes, different bases for classifying the items business products used up by business in the accounting period
of output are appropriate. Those interested in marketing want dif- are excluded. The Nation's economy in this context refers to the
ferent classifications than those interested in utilization of available labor and property supplied by residents of the Nation. Gross
resources, or in human welfare. The data are presented in the tab- national product comprises the purchases of goods and services
ular pag~s in such a way as to reflect these and other interests.
by consumers and government, gross private domestic investExtensive discussions of national income and product theory and ment, and net foreign investment.
statistics are found in the following:
A 102-105. Personal consumption expenditures (revised, july
National Income and Product Statistics of the United States,
1947). SOURCE: See text for series A 101-144, above. These con1929-46, comprising the National Income Supplement to Survey
of Current Business, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washing- sist of the market value of purchases of goods and services by inditon, D. C., July 1947
viduals and nonprofit institutions and the value of food, clothing,
Hicks, J. R., and Albert Gaylord Hart, The Social Framework housing, and financial services received by them as income in kind.
of the American Economy, Oxford University Press, New York, 1945 They include the rental value of owner-occupied houses but ex:"
Kuznets, Simon, National Income and Its Composition, National elude purchases of dwellings, which are classed as capital goods.
Bureau of Economic Research, New York, 1941
Kuznets, Simon, National Income: A Summary of Findings,
A 106-111. Gross private domestic investment (revised, July
1947). SOURCE: See text for series A 101-144, above. This consists
National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, 1946
Kuznets, Simon, Commodity Flow and Capital Formation, N a- of acquisitions of newly produced capital goods by private business
and nonprofit institutions and of the value of the change in the
tional Bureau of Economic Research, New York, 1938
Conference on Research in Income and Wealth, Studies in Income and Wealth, National Bureau of Economic Research, New volume of inventories held by them.
York, 1937 and annually thereafter
A 112. Net foreign investment (revised, July 19(7). SOURCE:
Fabricant, Solomon, Capital Consumption and Adjustment, Na-, See text for series A 101-144, above. Net foreign investment is
tional Bureau of Economic Research, New York, 1938
Shaw, W. H., "The Gross Flow of Finished Commodities and the net change in inter..:i1ational assets and liabilities, including the
New Construction, 1929-41," Survey of Current Business, XXII, monetary gold stock, arising out of the current international flows
Washington, D. C., April 1942, pp. 13-20
of goods and services, factor incomes, and cash gifts and contriMerwin, Charles L., "National Income. What It Is; How It Is butions.
Measured," Dun's Review, vol. 50, No. 2172, August 1942, Dun
and Bradstreet, Inc., New York, pp. 16-19 and 32-33
A 113-116. Government purchases of goods and services (reMerwin, Charles L., "National Income, a Practical Yardstick," vised, July 1947). SOURCE: See text for series A 101-144, above.
Dun's Review, vol. 50, No. 2175, November 1942, pp. 12-15 and The total measures purchases of goods and services by government
32ii~bert, Milton, and .Jaszi, George, "National Product and In- bodies, exclusive of acquisitions of land and used depreciable ascome Statistics as an Aid in Economic Problems," Dun's Review, sets and of current outlays of government enterprises. It excludes
government interest, subsidies, social insurance and veterans'
vol. 52, No. 2190, February 1944, pp. 9-11 and 30-38
Gilbert, Milton, and J aszi, George, "National Product Statistics benefits, direct relief, etc. Sales to abroad and domestic sales of
Help Interpret Wartime Economy," Dun's Re~'iew, vol. 52, No. consumption goods and materials (series A 115) are netted out.
2191, March 1944, pp. 12-14 and 26-37
National Resources Committee, Consumer Purchases Study:
A 117-133. National income by distributive shares (revised,
Consumer Incomes in the United States, Washington, D. C., United July 1947), 1929-1945. SOURCE: See text for series A 101-144,
States Government Printing Office, 1938
above. From the standpoint of producers and others interested
A 101-144. Estimates of gross national product, national in- primarily in the productive process, the salient questions to be
come, and personal inco~e (revised, July 1947), 1929-1945. 4 answered relate to the utilization of available resources or to the
SOURCE: Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics, distribution of returns. The utilization of available resources may
National Income and Product Statistics of the United States, 1929- occasionally, as in wartime, become of immediate interest to con46, comprisi~g the National Income Supplement to Survey of Cursumers. Normally, however, those primarily concerned are the
rent Business, July 1947, p. 19. In 1948 the Office of Business producers who are making the resources available, because such
Economics was preparing a detailed explanation of the analyti- utilization represents the demand for their services and hence the
cal significance of these series and the statistical methodology source of their income. These series illustrate one of the classifiunderlying them. The definitions for specific series given below cations most frequently used in this connection.
<ire abridged from the National Income Supplement, pp. 8-10. For
The relationship of utilization to personal income is brought
an explanation of the concept of national income, see general note out by a comparison with series A 169-175 which shows aggregate
for series A 101-207, above. For earlier unrevised time series in payments of income similarly classified. The two groups of series
these fields, carried back to 1909 for some categories, see Basic differ only superfidally in the items shown. The essential difference
Facts on Employment and Production, comprising a Report to the is that the total in series A 117 represents use of resources-income
Committee on Banking and Currency, Senate Committee Print earned by the factors of production-while the total of series A 169No.4, 79th Congress, 1st Session, Washington, D. C., 1945.
175 represents income received as a reward for such use. Some parts
A 101-116. Gross national product or expenditure (revised, of income earned, such as corporate savings, have definitely not
July 19(7), 1929~1945. SOURCE: See text for series A 101-144, been received by the individuals concerned and indeed may never
above. Estimates are presented by categories designed to answer be received by them. Such items are deliberately excluded from
series A 169-175. On the other hand, individuals frequently receive personal income which does not appear to reflect any use of
4 These series are brought to date regularly in monthly Survey of C.rrent Busiresources.
ness. For figures through 1947. with 1947. with 1944-45 revised,seeJuly 1948 issue.
6

INCOME

Text: A 117-168

A 117. National income (revised, July 1947). SOURCE: Se~ text for a correction in the latter and for an equal but opposite correction
for series A 101-144, above. This series is defined as the aggregate in book profits. A negative inventory valuation adjustment, nuearnings of labor and property which arise from the current pro- merically, is the amount by which book costs are an understateduction of goods and services by the Nation's economy. The ment of average current costs, and a positive adjustment measures
Nation's economy in this context refers to the labor and property a corresponding relative overstatement in book costs.
A 133. Net interest (revised, July 1947). SOURCE: See text for
supplied by residents of the Nation. Earnings are recorded in the
forms in which they accrue to residents of the Nation, inclusive of series A 101-144, above. This measures the monetary interest and
taxes on those earnings. As such they consist of the compensation the imputed interest accruing to the Nation's residents from priof employees, the profits of corporate and unincorporated enter- vate business and from abroad, minus government interest disbursements to corporations. Imputed interest consists of the value
prises, net interest, and the rental income flowing to persons.
A 118-123. Compensation of employees (revised, July 1947). of financial services received by persons without explicit payment
SOURCE: See text for series A 101-144, above. This is the income and property income withheld by life insurance companies and
accruing to persons in an employee status as remuneration for mutual financial intermediaries on the account of persons.
A 134-144. Personal income and disposition of pers()naI income
their work. From the employer's standpoint, it is the direct cost
(revised, July 1947), 1929-1945. SOURCE: See text for series
of employing labor.
A 123. Supplements to wages and salaries (revised, July 1947). A 101-144, above. Personal income is the current income received
SOURCE: See text for series A 101-144, above. Supplements in- by persons from all sources, inclusive of transfers from governclude employer contributi.ons for social insurance and to private ment and business but exclusive of transfers among persons. Not
pension and welfare funds, compensation for injuries, directors' only individuals (including owners of unincorporated enterprises),
but nonprofit institutions, private trust funds, and private pension
fees, pay of the military reserve, etc.
A 124-127. Proprietors' and rental income (revised, July 1947). and welfare funds are classified as "persons." Personal income is
SOURCE: See text for series A 101-144, above. Proprietors' income measured as the sum of wage and salary receipts, other labor inmeasures the monetary earnings an& income in kind of sole come, proprietors' and rental income, interest and dividends, and
proprietorships, partnerships, and producers' cooperatives from transfer payments. It is equal to national income minus such untheir current business operations. Rental income of persons is realized items as corporate-profits taxes and undistributed profits,
similar but is supplementary rather than occupational income for and plus such items not currently earned as public debt interest
the most part. An inventory valuation adjustment has been made and transfer payments. The tota.l is conceptually similar to that
in series A 124-125 corresponding to that described in text for distributed in series A 169-175. The income series shown here are
series A 132. No valuation adjustment is required for farm inven- now kept current on a monthly basis in the Survey of Current
tories because farm income, unlike other business income, is Business. For 1944-45 revisions, see July 1948.issue.
A 145-153. Estimates of national income and aggregate @ay.
measured exclusive of inventory profits.
A 127. Rental income of persons (revised. July 1947). SOURCE: ments (Kuznets), percentage distribution by industry, 1869-1938.
See text for series A 101-144, above.' This consists of the monetary SOURCE: Simon Kuznets, National Income: A Summary of Findearnings of persons from the rental of real property, except those ings, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, 1946,
of persons primarily engaged in the real estate business; the im- p. 40. See te~t for series A 154-164, below. These series are sugputed net rental returns to owner-occupants of nonfarm dwellings; gestive of trends in the industrial structure of the economy, despite limitations due to imperfect interperiod comparability and toand royalties received by persons.
A 128-131. Corporate profits (revised, July 1947). SOURCE: weaknesses in the basic data for the earlier years. Figures indicated
, See text for series A 101-144, above. The corporate profits com- as "based on NBER estimates. . . are noted in the source as
ponent of national income measures the earnings of corporations averages of annual estimates appearing in Kuznets, Simon,
National Income and Its Composition, cited above, vol. 1, table
organized for profit which accrue to residents of the Nation,
measured before Federal and State profit taxes, without deduction 59. Figures indicated as "based on Martin's estimates . . ." are
of depletion charges and exclusive of capital gains and losses.
noted in the source as based on estimates in Martin, R. F., National
A 132. Inventory valuation adjustment. SOURCE: See text for Income in the United States, 1799-1938, National Industrial Conseries A 101-144, above. In estimating the corporate profits com- ference Board, New York, 1939. See also general note for series
ponent of national income (series A 128) an adjustment is made A 101-207, above.
A 154-164. Estimates of realized private production income, by
to series A 129 to approximate the same measure of profits that
would be obtained if businesses valued their cost of goods sold at industries (National Industrial Conference Board), 1799-1938.
average cost-prices current during the year rather than at historical' SOURCE: The National Industrial Conference Board, Enterp1'ise
and Social Progress, New York, 1939, p. 95.
or book costs.
A form of classification of considerable interest in connection
The common accounting procedure is to calculate cost of goods
sold as equal to Beginning inventory plus Purchases minus Ending with resource utilization emphasizes the relative importance of
inventory. The unit cost-prices reflected in the book value of the various industries as users of resources. The income and product
Beginning and Ending inventories may differ from the average estimates in these and other tables presented here are more reliable
cost-prices of the year, and an adjustment is then needed to re- for the 20th than for the 19th century, and more reliable for the
move the effect of the difference. This adjustment entails repricing years after 1869 than before. See also general note for series A 101the Beginning and Ending inventories in terms of the year's 207, above.
A 165-168. Percent of popUlation with purchasing power equivaverage cost-prices. Substitution of these repriced inventories in
the above common accounting formula, B plus P minus E, yields alent to specified number of 1929 dollars (Tucker), selected years,
cost of goods sold valued at average cost-prices current during 1863-1935. SOURCE: Rl.:lfus S. Tucker, "The Distribution of Income Among Income Taxpayers in the United States, 1863-1935,"
the year.
When average current costs so computed exceed book costs, the Quarterly Journal of Economics, August 1938, pp. 574-575. See
tatter should theoretically be adjusted upward to the former for also general note for series A 101-207, above.
One additional classification system used in income statistics
national income purposes; this requires an equal downward adjustment in profits, and series A 132 is then negative. Contrari- deserves attention. This is the classification of personal incomes
wise, when average current costs are less than book costs, the latter according to size. Series A 165-168 present the longest time series
should be adjusted downward and profits upward by the amount of this nature available for the United States. The distribution
of the difference, and series A 132 is then positive. To generalize, shown is based- on income tax statistics and shows, for selected
any difference between the current costs and the book costs calls years since 1863, the percentages of the population with II middle:-

Text: A 165-207

WEALTH AND INCOME

class" and with "upper-class" personal incomes. The dollar limits (Kuznets), 1919-1938. SOURCE: Simon Kuznets, National Income: A
of these two classes are arbitrarily assigned. The "middle class" is Summary of Findings, National Bureau of Economic Research, New
represented by three series corresponding to three alternative defi- York, 1946, p. 99. See also general note for series A 101-207, above.
These series employ the same general mode of analysis as series
nitions which place the lower limit for incomes in this class at
A 176-194, distribution being divided into groups based on the size
$2,000, $3,000, and $4,000, respectively. The population series used
as base for the percentages shown includes housewives, children, rank of the personal incomes, and the percentage share of each
the aged, and other non-income-earning groups; most of these in- group being tabulated for each year. The existence of income tax
dividuals were undoubtedly supported by the income recipients and other data for the top income classes in these years has made
counted. Consequently, this table does not imply the tremendous possible a high degree of conceptual refinement; the definition of
inequality of incomes which an uncritical examination of it might income payments in these series excludes capital gains, gifts, and
suggest. It was rather designed to bring out changes over time in other such transfers, while it was impossible to exclude these items
from series A 176-194.
the size of the middle and wealthy classes.
Because of limitations in the basic data available alike for the
A 198-207. Estimates of gross and net national product. averdetermination of incomes and for the conversion of these incomes ages per year by decades, 1869-1938. SOURCE: Simon Kuznets, N ainto dollars of 1929 purchasing power, these estimates are inevitably tional Product Since 1869, National Bureau of Economic Research,
subject to a substantial margin of error. They are given here be- New York, 1946, p. 119. See also general note,ior series A 101cause they are believed to represent the best statistical approxima- 207, above.
tion ever made to the facts concerned.
Data reflect a peacetime concept. "In the peacetime concept of
A 169-175. Estimates of aggregate payments (Kuznets), percentage distribution by type, 1870-1938. SOURCE: Simon Kuznets, national product, war goods are treated as a species of capital
National Income: A Summary of Findings, National Bureau of . . . ," and "capital formation is the sum of new construction,
Economic Research, New York, 1946, p. 50. The primary sources whether for war or other purposes (both excluding maintenance
of these data are as follows: NBER estimates from Kuznets, Na- repairs); flow of producers' durable equipment to final users, intional Income and, Its Composition, vol. 1, table 22; Martin's esti- cluding war types; net flow into all inventories, except final conmates from Martin, R. F., National Income in the United States, sumers'; net changes in claims against foreign countries, no matter
how originated in the production process." See source volume, pp.
1799-1938, National Industrial Conference Board, New York,
13-14.
1939, tables 4, 41-44, and 46; King's estimates from King, W. I.,
As has been pointed out above, the appropriate basis of valuThe Wealth and Income of the People of the United States, New
York, 1919, table XXXI, p. 160. See also general note for series ation and of classification varies with the purpose to be served by
the estimates. One further variation according to purpose should
A 101-207, above.
The temporal shifts indicated in series A 165-168 are the result- be noted-variation in degree of "grossness." In the hypothetical
ants of many economic forces working together. Most of these nation of subsistence farmers, the aggregate produce of all farms
forces operate through the industry and share classifications of could be taken to include feed, seed, and fertilizer subsequently
national income discussed above, to impinge on the ~ize distribu- used up in the process of raising crops and livestock for consumption through the relationship of resource utilization to personal tion. It could be taken, exclusive of these, to include only the outincome. Series A 169-175 are presented to suggest one type of shHt put actually available for human consumption and for maintainin resource utilization patterns which is particularly significant ing and improving the farm. Alternatively it could be taken to inin determining cyclical changes in the size distribution. Its signifi- clude only produce available for human consumption and farm
cance is analyzed on pp. 49-52 and 97-106 of National Income: A improvement, or it could be taken to include only produce avail.
Summary of Findings. The same subject is considered on pages able for human consumption.
That
is,
output
could
be
defined
exclusive
of
producers'
nondur124-132 of the National Industrial Conference Board, Enterprise
and Social Progress (see text to series A 176-194, below). The able goods, of producers' nondurable and durable replacement
limitations indicated for series A 145-153, above, also apply here. goods, or of all producers' goods. The two alternatives most comA 176-194. Estimates of percent of national income in the United monly adopted are the first and second of these three. Series A 201
States received by specified proportion of recipients arranged ac- and A 202 illustrate these two alternatives and the manner in
cording to size of income (National Industrial Conference Board), which they are derived. Capital formation here is defined in both
selected years, 1910-1937. SOURCE: National Industrial Confer- variants to exClude output of producers' nondurable goods_ "Gross"
ence Board, Enterprise and Social Progress, 1939, p. 125. See also capital formation (series A 199) includes producers' durable goods
whether for replacement or expansion, and "net" capital formation
general note for series A 101-207, above.
These series attempt to avoid the problem of price fluctuations (series A 200) includes only the output of such goods representing
by classHying income recipients according to their rank in size of expansion in the productive assets of the economy. These notes
income rather than by dollar amounts of income received. In series also apply to the corresponding series in 1929 prices (A 203-207).
For most purposes the gross capital formation and gross national
A 185-194, recipients are divided into ten numerically equal classes
distinguished according to the relative size of the members' in- product figures are the more appropriate. From the viewpoint of
comes, and the proportionate share of each class in total personal the sales manager, an order is an order regardless of whether the
income is tabulated for selected years. In series A 176- 184, these buyer plans to use the goods for replacement or for expansion.
shares are cumUlated from the top class down to indicate the share From the viewpoint of the business forecaster, the contribution of
the producers' goods industries to the Nation's purchasing power
of the most prosperous 10 percent, 20 percent, etc., of the population. All these percentages are based on estimates by Spahr, King, is dependent upon the level, rather than upon the nature, of the
Macaulay, Leven, and the National Industrial Conference Board, demand for producers' goods. Finally, the economic factors which
determine the level of this demand operate so that replacement and
varying in concepts and reliability. They have been adjusted to
make them comparable from year to year by means of rough statis- expansion purchases rise and fall together.
From the standpoint of objective welfare, however, the using up
tical techniques involving compensatory shifts in class limits, and
cannot pretend to exactness. Series A 176-194 are included here of goods in the productive process is an offset to the gross output.
On the subjective side, too, product which the owner considers it
because this presentation utilizes estimates representing complete
distributions and therefore provides otherwise unobtainable data necessary to set aside for replacement needs is scarcely on a par
with product which he considers available for improving his conon income shifts in the lower income classes over a long period.
A 195-197. Estimates of annual changes in percentage shares of sumption or increasing his assets. When considerations like these
total income payments received by upper and lower income groups are dominant, it is appropriate to exclude all capital consumption.
~

NATIONAL WEALTH

Serles Al - N ATIONAL W EALTH-

UNITED

1774

TO

STATES

(BLQD-

1807

Millions
of
dollars

YEAR

YEAR

Millions
of
dollars

YEAR

Millions
of
dollars

YEAR

---I

1807 _________ 2,518


1806 _________ 2,511
1805 _________ 2,505.5
1804- ________ 2,502
1803 _________ 2,470.5
1802 _________ 2,450

1797 _________ 2,230


1796 _________ 2,190.5
1795 _________ 2,060
1794 _________ 1,95D
1793 _________ 1,750
1792 _________ 1,550.5

1784-________
1774_________

34,074
32,420
30,831
29,308
27,851

1860 _________
1859 _________
1858 _________
1851- ________
1856 _________

16,160
15,200
14,252
13,318
12,396

1855 __ ~ ______
126,460
253
1854 ___ -- ____
1853 _________
24,086
25.
11 1852 _________
22,958
21,869

11 ,488
10,591
9,708
8,838

20,820
19,809
18,838
17,906
17,013

1870 _________
1869 _________
__ -- ____
1868
186L ________
1866 _________

850
600

---2
- - - - - ---1838 _________
1837 _________
1836 _________

4,900
4,759
4,612

6.109
5;922
5,739
5,563
5,392

1835 _________
1834- ________
1833 __ ~-----1832 ______ __
183L ________

4,470
4,333
4,200
4,071
3,946

1830 _________
1829 _________
1828 _________

5,226
5,066

1826
1827 _________
__ --1825 _________

3,825
3,708
3,594
3,484
3,377
3,273

185L ________

7,981

1850 _________
1849 _________
1848 _________
1847 ________
1846 _________

7,135
6,918
6,707
6,501
6,302

1845 _________
1844- ________
1843 _________
1842 _________
184L ________
1840_
-- -- ____
1839 _________

1875 _________
1874 _________
1873 _________
1872 _________
187L ________

::~:::::::::I ::::; 'II :::~:::::::::I::::;

1799 _________ 2,350.5


1798 _________ 2,300

1865 _________
1864- ________
1863 _________
1862 _________
186L ________

Millions
of
dollars

YEAR

43,300
41,347
39,430
37,579
35,794

1880 _________
1879 _________
1878 _________
1877 _________
1876 _________

II

Millions
of
dollars

YEAR

Millions
of
dollars

1880

(BURCHARD):
TO
Estimated for 1825 to 1850 from census returns of 1850 and official valuation of houses, lands, and slaves in 1815,
according to Pitkins Statistics (1835 edition), p. 313. For estimating method, 1851-1880, see text

REAL AND PERSONAL PROPERTY IN

GET):

2.-NATIONAL WEALTH-EsTIMATED NATIONAL WEALTH

1825

TOTAL VALUATION OF ALL THE

THE

Series

Data: A 1-41

II

---I

The Census valuation of the wealth of the United States in 1870, which is $30,068,518,000, has been
r educed to a gold basis (Burchard). Bureau of Census Report, Est;mated Nat:onal Wtalth (compiled as part of
t he Decennial Report on Wealth, Public Debt, and Taxation), Washington, D. C., 1924, p. 27, gives 24,055
million dollars as 1870 total on gold basis.
1

Series

A 3-41.-NATIONAL

WEALTH-VALUE OF LAND, REAL ESTATE IMPROVEMENTS,

1880

AND

1922

EQUIPMENT:
TO
[In millions of dollars. Series A 3-37 are based on reported valuations. Valuation base: M=Market; B=Book]
TAXABLE INDUSTRIAL
Agriculture (M)
YEAR
Improvements

Land
3

Equipment

Mining (B)
I

Land

41,541
31,574
13,058

11 ,169
6,889
3,557

189o _________________
1880 _________________

10,623
8,158

2,656
2,039

Equipment

Manufacturing (B)

Land

l.mprovements

Other industrial (M)

Equipment

Land

I Improve- I
ments

Equipment

12

13

14

1,120
644
325

2,001
980
399

4,328
1,700
1,027

8,772
3,450
1,450

15,949
6,091
2,543

9,382
5,382
3,507

8,320
6,044
3,173

5,901
3,809
2,227

818
364

201
91

202
143

776
320

879
363

1,584
670

2,844
1,293

2,491
1,374

1,778
889

2,292
1,392
750

3,362
2,109
1,189

1922 _________________
1912 _________________
1900 _________________

Improvements

494
407,

10

11

TAXABLE PUBLIC UTILITY


Steam railroads (B)
YEAR
Improvements

Land

1890 _________________
1880 _________________

Equipment

Land

17

18

Improvementa

Equipment

Land
21

Improvementa

1890 ________________
1880 ________________

20

22

23

1,265
1,007
288

77
41
20

1,026
549
250

1,463
714
292

511
454
237

511
454
237

1,022
785
343

1,494
886

5,794
3,376

846
418

41
15

288
104

60
19

9
5

103
52

113
55

176
145

176
145

221
156

TAX EXEMPT (B)


NON-RESIDENTIAL

Other taxable public utility (B)

Equipment

33

34

35

7,164
4,258
2,061

2,536
1,50,(
'73O

36,011
18,455
10,513

31,904
20,676
9,527

1,237
626

438
222

7,687
3,170

6,736
3,361

Equipment

Land

Improvements

Equipment

27

28

29

30

31

32

2,113
1,100
223

1,692
777
134

109
59
34

1,314
919
489

534
154
108

11 ,065
6,689
3,307

23

24
17

334
250

81
51

2,170
1,152

44
-----------

-----------

Taxable
private
industrial

Taxable
public
utility

Tax exempt

Residential

38

39

40

41

60,452
64,088
56,252

58,000
45,413
46,882

25,127
13,996
11 ,578

40,682
34,603
39,685

RESIDENTIAL (M)

Improvements

Improvements

26

Land

Land

Land

Improvements

36

37

REAL ESTATE IMPROVEMENTS AND EQUIPMEN'r


(1929 PRICES)

REAL ESTATE IMPROVEMENTS AND EQUIPMENT


(1929 PRICES)

748706-49-2

25

19
3,339
3,156
1,131

-----------

1938 ___________________
1922 ___________________
1912 ___________________

24

Equipment (M)

455
434
157

424
222
46

YEAR
(DECEMBER 1)

Improve-
ments (B)

4,905
3,134
1,468

16

TAXABLE PUBLIC UTILITY-Con.

1922 ________________
1912 ________________
1900 ________________

Land (B)

13,220
10,672
7,054

Electric light and power (B)

YEAR

Shipping and canals

Equipment

3,202
2,602
1,741

15
1922 ______________ ;. __
1912 _________________
190o _________________

Telephone and telegraph (B)

Street railways (B)

Taxable
private
industrial

YEAR
(JUNE 1)

1900 __________________
1890 __________________
1880 _____________ ____
~

Taxable
public
utility

Tax exempt

38

39

40

32,639
23,088
12,524

27,032
17,362
9,953

Residential
41

6,292
3,558
1,749

22,522
16,271
7,964

Data: A 42-74

WEALTH AND INCOME

Series A 42-74.-NATIONAL WEALTH-ITEMS OF NATIONAL WEALTH, CENSUS BUREAU


VALUATIONS: 1880 TO 1922
[In millions of dollars. This table is intended to bring together, in broadly related groupings, the actual observations shown in the source volumes, with minimum dis-

turbance of values and descriptions. The column headings are artificial since they represent composites of the descriptions employed at the various censuses of valuation and wealth. Since total and subtotal series have been "treated independently of detail series, details do not always add to totals. Leaders ( ____ ) indicate tha t
the source volume did not report the specified item separately for the given year]
,

REAL PROPERTY AND IMPROVEMENTS

LIVESTOCK, FARM MACHINERY, TOOLS,


AND EQUIPMENT

Taxed
Total
national
wealth

YEAR

(Dec. 31) _________


(Dec. 1.)---------(June 1) __________
(June 1) __________

320,804
1186,300
107,104
88,517

1890 .. _____________ - ___


18RO __________________

Other than
mines and
quarries

Mines and
quarries

44

45

46

43

42

-----------------1922
1912
1904
1900

Real
pr.opertyand
Improvements

Mines and
quarries,
including
products
on hand

155,909 ------------ ------------ -----------196,923 ----.------- ----------.- -----------.


55,510
------------ -----.-----46,325 ----- 45~ 638687 .- - -- - - - - - ---

65,037 -----------43,642 ------------

35,711 --.----.---20,078 ------------

Tax
exempt

Livestock,
farm
machinery,
tools, and
equipment

Livestock

47

48

49

20,506 -----------212,675 --.--------6,831 -----------6,213 ------------

1,291
s 781

3,833
2,000

3,097
2,406

Farm
implements
and
machinery
50

Manufacturing
machinery,
tools, and
equipment

51

5,807
6,238
4,074
3,306

2,605
1,368
845
750

15,783
6,091
3,298
2,541

2,603
2,000

494
407

--_ ... --------

1,559

PUBLIC UTILITIES

Telegraph and telephone systems, shipping and canals


YEAR

Railroads
and their
equipment

52

1922
1912
1904
1900

(Dec. 31) ______


(Dec. 1) _______
(June 1) _______
(June 1) _______

19,950
16,149
11 ,245
9,036

1890 _______________
1880 _______________

Street
railways

53

54

4,878
4,597
2,220
1,576

4,901
2,796
1,660
1,150

8,296
389
5,536 ----------

Pipe lines

Total

Ships of
the U. S.
Navy

56

57

58

59

60

1,746
1,081
586
400

2,951
1,491
846
538

1,446
402

Telegraph Telephone
systems
systems

Total

55
204
223
227
212

-------------------

Agricultural
products

Total

64

65

1922 (Dec. 31) ______ ---------5,466


28,423
1912 ~Dec. 1) _______ ---------14,694
5,240
1904 June 1L ______ _
...
.... _--1,899
7,409
1900 (June 1) _______ ---------1,455
6,087
1890_______________ __________ __________ __________
1880_______________
6,160 __________ __________

_-_

Mills:
Imported
Products on merchanhand, raw
dise
and manufactured
66

361
290
275
268

4,229
2,099
563
463

Personal

67

Mining
products

68

1,549
730
---------827
816
---------496
408
---------425
327
---------1,500 __________ __________
__________ __________ __________

1 Revised figures, shown as published in 1922 report.


, Includes 361 million dollars for "Irrigation enterprises."
a Not strictly comparable with other years shown.

10

62

PERSONAL AND MISCELLANEOUS PROPERTY

Manufactured products

63

61

Central
electric light
and power
stations

702
'419

STOCKS OF GOODS

Total

Waterworks

545
500
123 -----------123 -----------99 ------------

Agricultural, manufactured, and imported commodities

YEAR

Privately owned--

Pullman
and
other
cars not
owned by
railroads

Shipping and canals

Total

69

S39,816
12,758
8,250
6,880
15,000
5,000

Clothing
and
personal
adornments
70

Furniture, carriages,
and kindred property
Total

Motor
vehicles

71

72

----4~295- ----8~463-

2,500
2,000

5,750
4,880

Other

Gold and
silver coin
and
bullion

73

74

64,567 ------------------- ------------------- _.. _------------ .... --- ----------

---------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ----------

2.500
650

4,278
2,617
1,999
1,677
1,159
1612

4 Exclude~ telephone systems, and vessels owned by U. S. government.


S Includes horse-drawn vehicles; excludes value shown separately for motor
vehicles in series A 72.
6 Reported separately; not included in entry for series A 69.

NATIONAL WEALTH

Data: A 7f)-lOO

Series A 75-99.-NATIONAL WEALTH-CLASSIFICATION OF WEALTH IN THE UNITED STATES:


1922 TO 1937
[In millions of dollars. Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals)
REAL PROPERTY AND
IMPROVEME:-iTS
Total
Taxed

Tax
exempt

75

76

77

1937 1 _______________
1936 _________________

321,792
307,639

144,589
141,679

1935 _________________
1934 _________________
1933 _________________
1932 _____________ . ___
1931 _________________

290,975
286,569
288,867
298,960
321,970

139,207
141,111
149,462
153,979
162,805

YEAR

-----

ManufacFarm
turing
implemachinery,
Livestock ments and tools, and Railroads
machinery equipment and their
equipment

Street
railways

Total

82

81

80

PUBLIC UTILITIES
Telegraph systems

Pullman
other
Telephone and
cars not
systems
Ocean
owned
by
cable lines
railroads
84

83

78

79

26,301
25,771

5,045
5,108

1,510
1,436

11 ,500
11 ,252

23,595
23,529

2,545
2,612

354
389

25,079
24,896
25,192
24,977
24,791

3,452
3,208
3,034
3,558
4,834

1,362
1,423
1,609
1,857
1,980

11 ,002
11,121
13,260
13,934
15,382

23,629
23,816
24,098
24,325
24,444

2,680
2,748
2,815
2,883
2,950

391
399
416
416
411

85

86

3,653
3,596

350
363

70
72
75
75
74

3,701
3,829
3,957
3,887
3,883

387
409
430
465
478

---------70

1930.;.. __________ ___ ___


1929 ______________ . __
1928 _________________
1927 _________________
1926 _________________

353:621

340,613
326,707
310,061

160,453
155,864
148,386
135,855

26,157
24,518
23,588
22,751
20,973

6,370
6,490
6,050
5,461
5,360

2,080
1,970
1,853
1,773
1,725

15,754
15,355
14,778
14,286
14,702

24,551
24,076
23,557
23,231
22,792

3,018
3,085
3,153
3,220
3,227

386
343
330
328
294

69
61
59
68
61

3,757
3,413
3,051
2,868
2,614

192
483
531
565
545

1925 _________________
1924 _________________
1923 _____________ ___
1922 _________________

307,255
306,226
309,118
306,764

138.817
143,848
150,745
161,684

21,117
21,044
20,919
21,300 .

5,056
5,128
5,443
5,152

1,679
1,950
2,177
2,375

14,165
13,709
13,235
12,944

22,243
21,233
20,541
19,812

3,234
3,241
3,248
3,255

281
270
255
257

58
56
53
57

2,338
2,084
1,802
1,717

491
430
375
410

'lAA

~A

aA

rt'1f'1

-LV"%,.

PUBLIC UTILITIEs-con.
Shipping and canals
YEAR

Pipe
lines

Total

Ships of
the U. S.
Navy

Waterworks

Central
electric
light and
power
stations

87

88

89

90

91

1937 1 ____
1936 _____

389
372

2,352
2,275

1935 _,, ___


1934._____
1933 _____
1932 _____
1931 _____

367
381
404
428
492

2,208
2,218
1,980
1,935
1,948

1930 _____
1929 _____
1928 _____
1927 _____
1926 _____

444
441
385
366
320

1925. ____
1924. ____
1923 _____
1922 _____

317
291
257
227

STOCKS OF GOODS

Privately owned-

In hands of dealers

In hands of producers

Farmers

Manufacturers

Mine
operators

Wholesalers

Retailers

In hands
of consumers

92

93

94

95

96

97

Motor
vehicles

Gold and
silver
coin and
bullion

98

99

676
699

12,702
12,808

1,843
1,762

12,889
11 ,220

349
299

5,591
5,103

4,971
4,625

41,528
36,153

6,141
5,428

12,919
11 ,158

1,536
1,466
1,409
1,365
1,343

723
735
915
975
959

12,913
13,019
13; 124
13,229
12,561

1,570
1,629
1,500
930
1,398

9,552
9,116
8,869
8,018
9,858

341
398
417
394
483

3,107
3,056
3,013
3,211
3,778

4,298
4,168
3,904
3,939
5,379

30,778
26,000
21,501
26,717
32,132

4,540
4.,728
4,428
4. ,805
5,881

9,691
8,162
4,539
4,099
5,142

1,993
2,223
2,192
2,160
2,202

1,455
1,471
1,420
1,389
1,373

909
885
862
839
815

11 ,892
11 ,224
]0,555
9,887
8,687

1,849
2,451
2,532
2,522
2,411

12,205
13,815
13,271
13,156
13,669

463
723
537
709
662

4,614
5,247
5,678
5,402
5,378

6,423
7,263
6,606
6,437
6,398

44,315
56,857
53,592
50,327
49,252

6,921
7,643
7,167
7,089
7,343

4,782
4,664
4,480
4,944
4,835

2,216
2,140
2,348
2,301

1,353
1,307
1,467
1,446

792
769
745
722

7,487
6,227
5,088
3,888

2,991
2,797
2,681
2,489

12,493
11 ,318
11,911
9,461

732
751
727
553

5,353
5,264
5,174
4,512

6,096
5,831
5,714
4,975

47,899
46,824
45,589
39,816

6,674
6,132
5,718
4,794

4,783
4,885
4,425
4,.118

---------1,662

Preliminary.

Series A IOO.-NATIONAL WEALTH-MANHATTAN ISLAND, VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS:


1833 TO 1945
Billions
of
dollars

YEAR

IBillions
of
YEAR

100

dollars

YEAR

100

---------

Billions
of
dollars

Billions
of
dollars

YEAR

100

Billions
of
dollars

YEAR

100

Billions
of
dollars

YEAR

100

100

1945 __________
1944 __________
1943 ________
1942 __________
1941. _________

7.8
7.0
6.4
6.5
6.9

1930 __________
1929 __________
1928 __________
1927. _________
1926 __________

16.2
15.2
12.7
11.7
12.1

1915 __________
1914.__________
1913 __________
1912 __________
1911. _________

5.8
5.8
5.7
6.3
6.4

1900 __________
1899 __________
1898 __________
1897 __________
1896 __________

3.6
3.8
3.4
3.0
2.8

1885 __________
1884. _________
1883 __________
1882 __________
1881. _________

2.3
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.0

1870 __________
1869 __________
1868 __________
1867 __________
1866 __________

1940 __________
1939 __________
1938 __________
1937 __________
1936 __________

7.7
8.0
8.5
8.9
8.5

1925 __________
1924 __________
1923 __________
1922 __________
1921. _________

10.2
9.3
8.9
7.7
9.4

1910 __________
1909 __________
1908 __________
1907 __________
1906 __________

6.3
6.3
6.3
6.6
6.7

1895 __________
1894 _________
1893 __________
1892 __________
1891. _________

2.9
2.9
3.0
2.9
2.8

1880 __________
1879 __________
1878 __________
1877 __________
1876 __________

1.8
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.7

1865 __________
1864 __________
1863 _________ ..;
1862 __________
1861. _________

1935 __________
1934 __________
1933 __________
1932 __________
1981. _________

9.4
9.2
9.6
10.8
13.9

1920 __________
1919 __________
1918 __________
1917 __________
1916 __________

7.6
6.5
5.7
5.0
5.8

1905 __________
1904- _________
1903 __________
1902 __________
1901 __________

5.8
4.9
4.1
4.2
3.7

189o __________
1889 __________
1888 __________
1887 __________
1886 __________

2.7
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.4

1875 __________
1874 __________
1873 __________
1872 __ _______
1871 _______ __

1.7
1.9
2.0
1.9
1.7

1860 __________
1859 __________
1858 __________
1857 __________
1856 __________

~_

11

1.7
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
1.0
0.9

Data: A 100-133

WEALTH AND INCOME

Series A IOO.-NATIONAL WEALTH-MANHATTAN' ISLAND, VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS:


1833 TO 1945-Con.
Billions
of
dollars

YEA

Billions
of
dollars

YJoJAR

0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.6

1850 _______________
1849 _____ _________
184.8 _______________
1847 _______________
1846 _______________
~

Billions
of
dollars

YEAR

100

100

100
1855 ________________
1854 ________________
1853 ________________
1852 ________________
1851 ________________

Billions
of
dollars

YEAR

1845 _______________
184L ______________
1843 _______________
1842 _______________
184L ______________

0.5
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4

0.4
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.4

Billions
of
dollars

YEAR

100

100
1840 _______________
1839 _______________
1838 _______________
1837 __________
1836 _______________
0

____

1835 _______________
1834 _______________
1833 _______________

0.4
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.6

0.4
0.3
0.3

Series A IOI-116.-GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT OR EXPENDITURE (REVISED, JULY 1947):


1929 TO 1945
[In billions of dollars. Because of rounding, detail will not necessarily add to totals. For revised figures, 1944-45, see
July 1948 issue of monthly Survey of Current Business]
PERSONAL CONSUMPTION
EXPENDITURES

Gross
national
product

YEAR

New construction
Total

GOVERNMENT PURCHASES OF
GOODS AND SERVICES

GROSS PRIVATE DOMESTIC' INVESTMENT

NonDurable durable Services


goods
goods

Total

Total

Residential
nonfarm

Other

ProChange
ducers'
in
durable business
equipinvenment
tories

Net
foreign
investment

Total

Federal

Less:
Government
sales'

State
and
local

- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - 110
- - - 107
- - - 109
- - - 112
- - - 111
- -- 105
- - - 106
- - - 108
- 101
- - - 102
- -- 103
- - - 104
113
114
115
116
-- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - 1945 _____
1944 _____
1943 _____
1942 _____
194L ____

213.1
210 6
192 6
159.6
125.3

121.7
110.4
101. 6
90.8
82.3

8.0
6.8
6.5
6.8
9.8

75.3
67.2
61.2
53.0
44.0

38.4
36.5
33.9
31.0
28.5

~.~

1\

4.6
9.3
17.2

2.0
3.2
5.7

0.6
1.3
2.8

2.5
1.7
1.4
1.9
2.9

3.8
4.7
7.7

-1.2
-2.0
-1.2
1.4
3.9

-0.8
-2.1
-2.2
-0.2
1.1

83.1
96.6
88.6
59.7
24.7

75.0
89.0
81.2
52.0
16.9

2.2
1,2
0.6
0.2
(1)

8.2
7.5
7.4
7.6
7.8

1940 _____
1939 _____
1938 _____
1937 _____
1936 _____

100.5
90 4
84.7
90.2
82.5

72.1
67.5
64.5
67.1
62.5

7.9
6.7
5.8
7.0
6.4

37.6
35.3
34.0
35.2
32.9

26.6
25.5
24.7
24.9
23.3

13.0
9.0
6.3
11.4
8.3

4.6
4.0
3.3
3.7
2.8

2.4
2.1
1.5
1.4
1.1

2.2
1.9
1.8
2.3
1.7

6.1
4.6.
4.0
5.4
4.5

2.3
0.4
-1.0
2.3
1.0

1.5
0.9
1.1
0.1
-0.1

13.9
13.1
12.8
11.6
11.7

6.2
5.2
5.3
4.6
4.8

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

7.8
7.9
7.5
7.0
6.9

1935 _____
1934_____
1933 _____
1932 _____
193L ____

722
64.9
55.8
58 3
75.9

56.2
51. 9
46.3
49.2
61.2

5.2
4.3
3.5
3.7
5.6

29.4
26.7
22.3
22.7
29.0

21. 7
20.9
20.6
22.8
26.6

6.1
2.8
1.3
0.9
5.4

1.9
1.4
1.1
1.7
3.6

0.7
0.4
0.3
0.5
1.2

1.2
1.1
0.9
1.2
2.3

3.4
2.5
1.8
1.8
3.2

0.9
-1.1
-1.6
-2.6
-1.4

-0.1
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2.

9.9
9.8
8.0
8.1
9.2

2.9
3.0
2.0
1.5
1.5

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

7.0
6.8
5.9
6.6
7.7

1930 _____
1929 _____

90 9
103.8

70.8
78.8

7.3
9.4

34.1
37.7

29.5
31. 7

10.2
15.8

5.6
7.8

1.4
2.8

4.1
5.0

4.9
6.4

-0.3
1.6

0.7
0.8

9.2
8.5

. 1.4
1.3

(1)
(1)

7.8
7.2

9.1
o.

".0

0.7
t:
V.V

7.1
5.3

Less than $500,000.

Series A 117-133.-NATIONAL INCOlYIE BY DISTRIBUTIVE SHARES (REVISED, JULY 1947):


1929 TO 1945
[In billions of dO.lIars. Because of rounding, detail will not necessarily add to totals. For revised figures, 1944-45, see
July 1948 issue of monthly Survey of Current Business]
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES

PROPRIETORS' AND RENTAL INCOME

CORPORATE PROJo'ITS AND INVENTORY


VALUATION ADJUSTMENT

Wages and salaries


Nationa
income
Total

YEAR

Total

117

118

- -- - -- - - -

119

Corporate profits before tax

Supplements
Goverll- to wages
Private Military ment
and
civilian salaries
120

121

122

123

Total

124

f---

Business
and' professional .

Farm

Rental
income
of
persons

-125
- - - 126 - 127
-- - -f - - - - - -

Total
Total

128

129

Corp or- Corpor- InvenNet


tory
ate
ate
valu- interest
profits profits
ation adtax lia- after tax justment
bility
130

131

132

133
'---

1945. _
1944._
1943. _
1942 __
1941 __

182.8
182.3
168 3
136.5
103.8

122.9
121.2
109.1
84.7
64.3

117.6
116.9
105.5
81. 7
61. 7

82.1
83.3
78.7
65.6
51. 5

22.4
20.8
14.5
6.3
1.9

13.0
12.8
12.4
9.8
8.3

5.3
4.2
3.6
3 0
2.6

30.2
~ 7.7
26.0
22.7
16.5

16.7
15.3
14.1
12.1
9.6

13.5
12.4
11. 8
10.6
6.9

7.0
6.7
6.2
5.4
4.3

19.7
23.5
23.7
19.8
14.6

20.2
23,8
24.5
21.1
17.2

11.3
13.9
14,2
11.7
7.8

8.9
9.9
10.4
9.4
9.4

-0.5
-0.4
-0.8
-1.3
-2.6

3.1
3.2
3.4
3.9
4.1

1940. _
1939 __
1938 __
1937 __
1936 __

81.3
72.5
67.4
73.6
64.7

51.8
47.8
44.7
47.7
42.7

49.6
45.7
42.8
45.9
41. 8

41.1
37.5
34.6
38.4
33.9

0.6
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3

7.9
7.8
7 9
7.2
7.6

2.2
2.1
1.9
1.7
0.9

12.7
11.3
10.8
12.2
9.9

7.7
6.8
6 3
6.6
6.1

4.9
4.5
4.4
5.6
3.9

3.6
3.5
3.3
3.1
2.7

9.2
5.8
4.3
6.2
4.9

9.3
6.5
3.3
6.2
5.7

2.9
1.5
1.0
1.5
1.4

6.4
5.0
2.3
4.7
4.3

-0.1
-0;7
1.0
~0.7

4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5

1935 __
1934
1933. ~
1932 __
193L_

56 8
4R.6
39 6
41. 7
58.9

37.1
34.1
29.3
30.8
39.5

36.5
33 5
28.8
30.3
38.9

30.0
27.4
23.7
25.3
33.6

o3
o3

0.3
0.3

0.3

6 2
5.8
4.9
4.7
5.0

0.6
0.5
0.5
o5
0.6

9 9
6.6
5.2
4.9
8.2

5 0
4.3
2 9
3.2
5.3

4.9
2 3
2.3
1.7
2.9

2.3
2.1
2.0
2.5
3.6

3.0
1.1
-2.0
-2.0
1.6

3.2
1.7
0.2
-3.0
-0.8

1.0
0.7
0.5
0.4
0.5

2.3
1.0
-0.4
-3.4
-1.3

-0,2
-0.6
-2.1
1.0
2.4

4.5
4.8
5.0
5,4
5.9

1930 __
1929 __

75.0
87.4

46.5
50 8

45.9
50.2

40.7
45.2

0.3
0.3

4 91
4.6

0.6
0.6

11.0
13.9

7.0
8.3

3.9
5.7

4.8
5.8

6.6
10.3

3.3
9.8

0.8
1.4

2.5
8.4

3.3
0.5

6.2
6.5

Less than $500,000.

12

(I)

INCOME

Data: A 134-153

Series A 134-144.-PERSONAL INCOME AND DISPOSITION OF INCOME (REVISED, JULY 1947):


1929 TO 1945
[In billions of dollars. Because of rounding, detail will no. necessarily add to totals. For revised figures, 1944-45, see
July 1948 issue of monthly Survey of Current Business]

YEAR

1945 _______________ _
1944 _______________ _
1943 _______________ _
1942 _______________ _
194L ______________ _
1940 _______________ _
1939 _______________ _

t~g~= == =====

1936 _______________
====== =_=
1935 _______________ _
1934 _____________ __
1933 _______________ _
1932 _______________ _
193 L ______________ _
~

1930 _______________ _
1929 ________ ______ _
~

Series A 145-153.-NATIONAL INCOME AND AGGREGATE PAYMENTS (KUZNETS)PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRY: 1869 TO 1938
[Based on values in current prices]
)

Agricuitural
YEAR

145

Mining

Manufacturing

146

147

Construc-

/-:;;-/

T ransportation'and
other public
utilities

Trade

149

150

Service

Gove.rnment

Finance
and miscelianeous

152

153

1-'---1--151

Based on NBER estimates of national income


"

DECADE

1929-1938 _______
1924-1933 _______
1919-1928 _______

8.5
8.7
10.5

1.7
1.9
2.5

19.4
19.6
21. 9

2.9
4.2
4.4

10.0
10.4
9.8

13.6
13.3
13.6

13.9
13.4
11.6

14.4
11. 8
9.6

15.6
16.7
16.1

Based on Martin's estimates of aggregate payments


1919-1928 _______
1914-1923 _______
1909-1918 _______
1904-1913 _______
1899-1908 _______

12.2
15.2
17.7
17.0
16.7

3.1
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.1

22.2
22.2
20.8
18.9
18.4

3.9
3.0
3.2
4.3
4.5

11.3
11.0
10.7
11.0
10.7

13.7
14.0
14.5
15.0
15.3

9.4
8.3
8.2
8.9
9.6

8.6
7.9
6.3
5.4
5.6

15.7
15.0
15.4
16:2
16.0

17.1
16.1
20.5

2.5
2.1
1.8

18.2
16.6
13.9

4.9
5.5
5.3

10.7
11.9
11.9

16.8
16.6
15.7

11.8
13.6
14.7

6.0
4.9
4.4

12.0
12.6
11. 7

AVERAGE OF-

1889 and 1899 ____


1879 and 1889 ____
1869 and 1879 ____

13

Data: A 154-168

WEALTH AND INCOME

Series A 154-164.-NATIONAL INCOME-REALIZED PRIVATE PRODUCTION INCONIE BY


INDUSTRIES (NICB): 1799 TO 1938
[In millioIlj of dollars]

Total private production


income

YEAR

154

Agriculture

Mining
and
quarrying

Electric
light and
power and
gas

Manufacturing

Construction

Transportation and
communication

Trade

155

156

157

158

159

160

161

------ - - - -

MISCELLANEOUS

Service
Finance

Other

163

164

162

1938 ________________
1937 _________ ______
1936 ______ .__ -------

47,589
54,959
49,852

6,140
6,757
6,378

1,429
1,743
1,481

1,267
1,364
1,212

12,208
16,629
14,138

1,359
1,806
1,447

5,381
5,934
5,605

8,019
8,414
7,704

6,995
7,130
6,658

1,341
1,674
1,597

3,450
3,608
3,632

1935 ________________
193L _______________
1933 ________________
1932 ________________
1931 ________. ________

44,037
40,205
35,074
37,132
50,066

5,517
4,661
3,771
3,040
4,476

1,243
1,172
902
929
1,323

1,158
1,143
1,156
1,339
1,478

11,720
10,471
8,428
8,528
12,376

1,043
928
762
932
1,945

5,110
4,790
4,445
4,807
6,049

7,309
6,853
6,132
6,992
9,126

6,016
5,404
4,893
5,409
6,889

1,692
1,787
1,838
2,204
2,719

3,226
2,996
2,744
2,952
3,684

1930 ________________
1929 ________________
1928 ________________
1927 ________________
1926 ________________

61,968
58,872
65,653
63,942
63,857

6,761
8,720
8,756
8,599
8,614

1,918
2,295
2,098
2,322
2,573

1,559
1,392
1,261
1,117
1,036

15,958
18,059
16,920
16,282
16,186

2,910
3,225
3,257
3,096
3,144

7,012
7,451
7,166
7,243
7,191

10,628
11,446
10,874
10,709
10,878

7,889
8,378
7,951
7,600
7,508

2,963
3,198
2,900
2,615
2,454

4,371
a ,706
4,470
4,359
4,273

1925 ______ _________


1924 ____ - ___________
1923 ________________
1922 ________________
1921. _______________

60,949
58,178
57,213
49,036
48,763

9,048
8,526
7,907
7,037
7,569

2,243
2,276
2,613
1,845
1,982

937
854
715
569
500

15,410
14,591
15,285
12.303
11,759

3,023
2,874
2,824
2,092
2,720

6,978
6,800
6,808
6,217
6,282

10,405
9,977
9,725
8,821
8,511

6,777
6,468
5,929
5,366
5,422

2,272
2,062
1,878
1,6.64
1,625

3,856
3,750
3,529
3,112
3,393

1920 ________________
1919 ________________
1918 ________________
1917 ________________
1916 ________________

60,995
55,539
49,520
42,014
35,032

10,.569
12,699
11 ,595
9,590
7,072

2,628
1,910
2,019
1,773
1,452

480
429
373
332
299

16,811
14,340
13,076
10,843
8,747

2,224
1,633
1,132
1,056
1,080

7,474
6,089
5,410
4,269
3,727

10,048
9,177
7,842
6,978
6,220

5,436
4,465
3,830
3,357
3,039

1,488
1,233
952
850
792

3,837
3,564
3,291
2,966
2,604

1915 ________________
1914 ________________
1913 ________________
1912" _______________
1911. _______________

29,114
27,954
28,391
26,559
25,385

5,921
5,518
5,559
5,679
5,241

1,016
1,008
1,183
1,039
949

268
250
228
211
192

6,401
6,012
6,415
5,996
5,458

976
980
1,312
1,224
1,108

3,346
3,248
3,260
3,106
2,945

5,677
5,508
5,081
4,425
4,518

2,837
2,832
2,692
2,371
2,514

717
682
686
657
596

1,955
1,916
1,975
1,851
1,834

1910 ________________
1909 __ .: _____________
1908 ________________
1907 ________________
1906 ________ .. _______

25,569
24,033
21,Oi9
22,112
21,008

5,563
5,311
1,621
4,214
4,029

949
859

771

1,049
835

168
157
139
134
120

5,447
4,824
4,046
4,743
4,377

1,136
1,153.
888
1,096
1,183

2,853
2,6-18
2,52-1
2,544
2,431

4,496
4,310
3,894
4,168
4,019

2,557
2,544
2,113
2,064
1,973

544
492
469
433
474

1,856
1,735
1,584
1,667
1,567

1905 ________________
1904 .. _______________
1903 ________ '- _______
1902 ________________
1901. _______________

19,363
18,059
17,691
16,705
15,537

3,678
3,708
3,439
3,335
3,153

746
645
671
494
552

103
99
89
77
75

4,032
3,519
3,812
3,605
3,193

1,052
919
852
839
758

2,210
2,081
1,968
1,820
1,720

3,692
3,380
3,272
3,098
2.858

1,939
1,904
1,869
1,820
1,786

474
469
404
372
290

1,437
1,335
1,315
1,245
1,152

1900 ________________
1899 ________________

14,550
13,836

3,034
2,933

453
416

65
58

2,941
2,714

627
655

1,626
1,528

2,720
2,578

1,774
1,745

233
196

1,077
1,013

1889 ________________
1879 ________________
1869 ________________
1859 ________________
1849 ________________

9,578
6,617
6,288
4,098
2,326

1,517
1,371
1,517
1,264
737

232
153
102
44
16

44
33
23
6
2

2,022
960
1,000
495
291

631
360
387
184
133

1,154
896
718
694
398

1,803
1,166
1,039
494
196

1,341
1,099
968
572
355

834
579
534
345
198

1839 ________________
1829 ________________
1819 ________________
1809 ________________
1799 __ _____________

1,577
947
855
901
668

545
329
294
306
26-1

5
3
2
2
1

162
98
64
55
32

95
66
58
72
53

277
143
176
236
160

135
61
55
41
35

222
163
132
110
64

13b
84
74
79

(I)
(1)

(1)
(1).

59

Less than $500,000.

Series A 165-168.-NATIONAL INCOME-PERCENT OF POPULATION WITH PURCHASING


POWER EQUIVALENT TO SPECIFIED NUMBER OF 1929 DOLLARS (TUCKER): 1863 TO 1935
UNDER $10,000 BUT
OVERYEAR

1935 _____
1934 _____
1933 _____
1932 _____
1931. ____

$3,000

$4,000

166

167

1.38
11.04
11.09

"'" _____
1930
1929 _____
1928 _____
1927. ____
1926 _____
1925 _____
1924 _____
1923 _____

1. 93

$50,000
or
over

---168

0.70
0.71
0.61
0.60
0.76

0.012
0.010
0.013
0.009
0.011

0.84
0.94
0.91
0.86
0.90

0.016
0.033
0.036
0.027
0.026

0.93
0_93
0.90

0.026
0.019
0.016

YEAR

--1922 ____
1921. ___

$3,000

$4,000

165

166

167

168

13.45
3.17

$10,000

BUT OVER-

1.49
1.24

0.016
0.009

0.75
0.59

1920 ____
2.62
1.02
1919 ____
2.62
1.29
1918 ____
12.49
1.29
1917~ ___ --------1.15
1917 2 ___ --------1. 81
1916 ____ --------- ---------

0.49
0.66
0.65
0.68
1. 01
30.24

0.009
0.015
0.015
0.024
0.081
0.029

1915 ____ --------- -----_ ... -191L ___ ----- ... ---

; 0.24
s 0.30

0.022
0.018

Probably too low.


Percent for New York State.
Probably too low; subject to wide margin of error.

14

$2,000

$50,000
or
over

UNDER

4
5

$2,000

$3,000

$4,000

$50,000
or
over

165

166

167

168

UNDER
YEAR

187L ___ -----------1870 ____


1869 ____ -----------0.67 -0.95
1868 ____ 0.63 -0.89
1867 ____ 0.56-0.79
1866 ____ 10.71-0.79
1864 4 --- 0.67 -0.78
1863 ____ 0.76

Subject to wide margin of error.


Percent for New York City.

$10,000

BUT OVER-

------------ 0.13-0.22

0.006 -0 .011

------------ 0.14-0.22

0_006 -0.011

0.27-0.33
0.28-0.36
0.29-0.38
0.31-0.40

0.16 -0.25
0.17 -0.21
0.19 -0.23
0.17 -0.23

0.48-0.53
0.48

0.30-0.38
0.33

------------

.. -----------

----_ ... ------

-_ .. ---------------- ... ---

50.055

INCOME

Series

Data: A 169-207

169-175.-INCOME PAYMENTS-AGGREGATE PAYMENTS IN CURRENT PRICES


(KUZNETS); PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY TYPE:
Employee
compensation

YEAR

1870

1938

TO

Entrepreneurial
net
income

Service
income

Dividends

Interest

Rent

/ hop",ty ;noom,
including
rent

170

171

172

173

174

169

175

Based on NBER estimates of aggregate payments Including entrepreneurial savings


DECADE

1929-1938 ______________________
1924-1933 _____________ '_________
1919-1928 ______________________

808/

15'/

649/

63.1
61. 7

8.4/

66/

79.7
81.2

16.6
19.5

6.5
5.6

5.9
7.1

4.'/

19.2
20.3
18.8

5.2
5.3
5.7
6.3
6.4

16.6
16.2
17.0
17.1
16.7

7.8
6.1

Based on Martin's estimates of aggregate payments excluding entrepreneurial savings


1919-1928 ______________________
1914-1923 ______________________
1909-1918 ______________________
1904-1913 _______________ ______
1899-1908 ______________________

18.3
20.8
23.3
23.3
23.8

65.1
63.0
59.7
59.6
59.5

83.4
83.8
83.0
82.9
83.3
I

and
and
and
and

Series

1910 ___________________
1900 ___________________
1890 ______ ____________
1880 ___________________

47.1
50.4
52.5
50.0

6.0
5.3
4.9
5.1
5.1
I

Based on King's estimates of value of product

AVERAGE OF-

1900
1890
1880
1870

5.4.
5.6
6.5
5.7
5.3

28.8
27.3
23.0
26.4

75.8
77.7
75.4
76.5

15.9
14.7
16.5
15.8

24.2
22.4
24.6
23.6

8.3
7.7
8.2
7.8

176-194.-NATIONAL INCOME-PERCENTAGE OF NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY

SPECIFIED PROPORTION OF RECIPIENTS ARRANGED ACCORDING TO SIZE OF INCOME


(NICB):

1910

TO

1937

PERCENTAGE OF RECIPIENTS

YEAR

DEruL'" OF _""""EN"

':,~ 12:,~ I':,: I':,: 1 :8: /:08~ 1 :8: /8:8: /',08~7:;I~~~ /~: I'~!h I~~ /:h 17.~h I':::h I'::h It::~
Percentage of national income received

Percentage of national income received

1931- _______ 34.4


1934 _________ 33.6

48.5
46.7

60.2
57.7

70.3
67.1

78.8
75.3

8~.6

92.0
88.8

96.4
94.1

99.0
97.9

34.4
33.6

14.1
13.1

11.7
11.0

10.1
9.4

8.5
8.2

7.2
7.3

6.0
6.2

4.4
5.3

2.6
3.8

1.0
2.1

1929. ________ 39.0


192L ________ 3R.2

51.3
51.0

61.1
61. 5

70.1
70.4

78.0
77.8

84.5
84.3

90.0
90.2

94.6
94.8

98.2
98.0

39.0
38.2

12.3
12.8

8.9
5.01

9.0
8.9

7.9
7.4

6.5
6.5

5.5
5.9

4.6
4.6

3.6
3.2

1.8
2.0

1918 _________ 34.5


1910 ___ _____ 33.9

47.4
46.2

57.0
56.4

65.7
65.2

73.4
73.2

80.6
80.2

87.5
86.2

93.2
91. 7

97.6
96.6

34.5
33.9

12.9
12.3

9.6
10.2

8.7
8.8

7.7
8.0

7.2
7.0

6.9
6.0

5.7
5.5

4.9

86.0

4.4

2.4

0.4

Series A 195-197. - INCOME PAYMENTS-ANNUAL CHANGES IN Series


PERCENTAGE SHARES OF
TOTAL INCOME PAYMENTS IN
CURRENT PRICES (KUZNETS):
1919 TO 1938
Basic variant, unadjusted for marital status
and including federal income taxes]
RECEIVED BY UPPER AND
LOWER INCOME GROUPS

YEAR

Upper 2nd through


5th percent
1
percent
from top
195

1938 _______
1937 _______
1936 _______
1935 _______
1934- ______
1933 _______
1932 _______
193L ______
1930 _______
1929 _______
1928 _______
1927 _______
1926 _______
1925 ____ __
1924 _______
1923 _______
1922 _______
192L ______
1920 _______
1919~ ______

11.5
13.0
13.4
12.1
12.0
12.1
12.9
13.3
13.8
14.5
14.9
14.4
13.9
13.7
12.9
12.3
13.4
13.5
12.3
12.8

196

YEAR

Lower
95
percent

i98-207.-GROSS AND NET NATIONAL PRODUCT-AVERAGES PER YEAR BY


DECADES (KUZNETS): 1869 TO 1938
[In millions of dollars. Peacetime concept; see text]
1929

CURRENT PRICES

Flow of
goods to
consumers
198

Capital formation
Gross./
199

National product

Net

Gross

200

201

Net

Flow of
goods to
consumers

20~

203

PRICES

Capital formation

N ationalproduct

Gross

Net

Gross

205

206

204

Net

207

A verages of annual estimates

197
11.4
11.1
11.4
11.7
11. 9
12.5
13.1
12.9
11.8
11.6
11.8
11.6
11.3
11. 5
11.4
10.6
11.4
12.0
9.7
10.1

77.0
75.9
75.2
76.2
76.0
75.4
74.0
73.8
74.3
73 9
73.2
74.0
74.8
74.8
75.7
77.1
75.2
74.5
77.9
77.1

1929-1938_
1924-1933_
1919-1928_

60.036/
69.952/
61.274/ 71.002/
10.743 / 1.0M
',239/ 81,199
',917/ 7,863
79,127
65,428
13,699
4,711
70,139
13,920
4,365 / 81.745/
82,820
68,900
64,298
16,901"
"72,160
62,031
15,760
7,016
77,791

72,045
73,265
69,047

Decade estimates
1914-1923_
1909-1918_
1904-1913_

48,478
31,799
23,099

13,417
8,323
5,684

6,846
4,542
3,174

61,895
40,122
28,783

55,324
36,341
26,273

50,719
43,970
39,114

13,824
12,556
10,733

6,550
6,590
fi,878

64,543
56,526
49,847

57,269
50,560
44,992

1899-1908_
1894-1903_

17,252
12,398

4,332
3,311

2,488
1,962

21,584
15,709

19,740
14 ,350

32,265
25,356

8,932
7,573

5,059
4,395

41,197
32,929

37,324
29,751

1889-1898_
1884-1893_

10,021
9,410

2,709
2,472

1,650
1,543

12,730
11 ,883

11 ,671
10,953

20,248
17,660

6,499
5,483

3,922
3,382

26,747
23,143

24,170
21,042

1879-1888_
1874-1883_
1869-1878_

8,632
7,230
5,706

2,056
1,694
1,328

1,309
1,082
784

10,688
8,92.1
7,033

9,941
8,312
6,489

15 ;260
11 ,649
8,056

4,202
3,192
2,278

2,615
1,952
1.284

19,462
14,842
10,334

17,875
13,601
9,340

15

Chapter B. Population Characteristics and Migration: (Series B 1-352)


Population Characteristics: Series B 1-181
DECENNIAL SUMMARIES (B 1-23)
B 1-12. Decennial summary: Aggregate population, for the
United States, territories, and possessions, 1790-1940. SOURCE:
Bureau of the Census. For an figures for 1920--1940; continental
United States population, 1790-1910; Alaska, 1880-1910; Hawaii,
Puerto Rico, and "All other," 1900-1910; and Panama Canal Zone,
1910; see Sixteenth Census Reports, Pop'ulation, vol. I, pp. 6, 1191,
1201, 1205, 1209, 1217, 1221, 1235. For figures for military and
naval forces abroad for 1910, see Fifteenth Census Reports, Population, vol. I, p. 5; for 1900, see Thirteenth Census Reports,
Population, vol. I, p. 23. Estimates for Philippine Islands, 19001910, are heretofore unpublished. Figures for continental and
colonial population, 1610-1780, are from Twelfth Census Special
Reports, A Century of Population Growth, 1790-1900, p. 9.
The figures for the period 1610-1780 given in series B 12 antedate the first census of the United States in 1790. They represent
the considered judgment of a number of eminent scholars and are
based on materials ranging from relatively complete enumerations
for some of the colonies to fragmentary data such as contemporary
local population estimates, militia registrations, tax r~cords,
church records, and official vital statistics. For a discussion of
these estimates, see Bureau of the Census, Twelfth Census Reports, A Century of Population Growth, 1790-1900.
B 13-23. Decennial summary: .sex, urban-rural residenc~, and
race of the population, continental United States, 1790-1940.
SOURCE: Bureau of the Census. For urban-rural figures for 17901940, sex and race figures for 1850-1940, and nativity figures for
1900-1940, see Sixteenth Census Reports, Population, vol. II, part 1,
pp. 18 and 19; for race figures for 1790-1840, sex figures for
1820-1840, and nativity figures for 1850-1890, see Fifteenth,
Census Reports, Population, voL II, p. 97; for slave figures for
1790-1860, see Ninth Census Reports, Population, p. 7.
In the course of its history the Bureau of the Census has employed several definitions of urban population. The figures shown
for the period 1790-1940 are based on the definition of urban
population used in 1930 and 1940. The urban population, in
general, is the population living in incorporated places having
2,500 inhabitants or more, although a few densely populated
unincorporated areas, principally in New England, are classified
as urban under special rule. For further details for each State, see
vol. I of the 1940 Population reports.
In the classification by nativity, a person born in the United
States or in any of its territories or possessions is counted as native.
Likewise included as native is the small group of persons who,
although born in a foreign country or at sea, were American
citizens by birth because their parents were American citizens.
All other persons are counted as foreign born.

AREA AND POPULATION (B 24-30)


B 24-25. Area: Territorial expansion of the United States,
1790-1940., SOURCE: Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract
of the United States, 1948, p. 3. Data are derived from records of
the Bureau of the Census. The boundaries of all areas comprising
continental United States were indefinite, at least in part, at the
time of acquisition. Area figures shown here represent precise
determination of specific territories which have been marked upon
maps, based upon interpretations of the several treaties of cession
which are necessarily debatable. See also discussion of series
F 1-3 and F 25-27.
16

B 26-30. Area and population: Continental United States, decennial, 1790-1940. SOURCE: Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract, 1947, p. 5. Data are derived from Bureau of the Census, reports' of th'e Fourteenth, Fifteenth, and Sixteenth Censuses, Population; voL L In particular, see Sixteenth Census Reports, Population, vol. I, p. 6, and also Areas of the United States, 1940, pp. 1-3.
Area figures for each census year represent all continenta1 area
under jurisdiction of the United States on the indicated dates,
including in some cases, considerable areas not then organized
or settled, and not covered by the cenl;!Us.
Area figures for 1940 and 1930 are based on the complete remeasurement made for the 1940 census; see Bureau of the Census,
Sixteenth Census Reports, Areas of the United States, 1940, pp.
1-3. See also series F 1-3 where figures in acres are given on the
basis of the previous measurement.
SEX, AGE, AND RACE (B 31-144)
B 31-39. Annual summary: Sex, age, and color of the population,
continental United States, 1790-1945. SOURCE: Bureau of Census.
For figures for 1930~1945, see Populat'ion-Special Reports, Series
P-47, No.3 (April 3, 1947) and Series P-45, No.5 (April 30,
1945); for color and sex figures for 1900-1916 and 1920-1929, see
Sixteenth Census Special Reports, Vital Statistics Rates in the
United States, 1900-1940, pp. 824-857; and for figures. for 1855..,1899, see Statistical Abstract, 1946, p. 8. The age figures for 19001916 and 1920-1929, and all figures for 1917-1919 and 1791-1854
are from unpublished records of the Bureau of the Census. For
figures for 1790, see Sixteenth Census Reports, Population,
vol. I, p. 7.
The methods of estimation of the population statistics shown
in series B 31-39 range from simple linear interpolation (for the
period 1791-1899) to complex computations for recent decades as
data on the components of population change became available.
School censuses, State censuses, and other local data indicative of
population changes have been used for the period 1900-1919, in
conjunction with interpolation of Census figures on age, sex, and
color. Life tables, birth statistics, and statistics of civilian immigration and emigration have been used since 1920. Since 1940,
actual death statistics by age, sex, and color have been used instead of life tables.
B 40-47. Nonwhite races, decennial, 1790-1940. SOURCE:
Bureau of the Census. For 1940, see Sixteenth Census Special
Reports, Characteristics of the Nonwhite Population by Race, p. 5;
for 1790-1930, except slaves and free colored, see Fifteenth Census Reports, Population, vol. II, p. 32; for figures for slaves and
free colored, see Ninth Census Reports, Population, pp. 6 and 7.
The returns for Indians are subject to some degree of uncertainty. Prior to 1890 the enumeration of Indians was confined to
those found living among the general population of the various
States. At the census of 1910 a special effort was made to secure
a complete eimmeration of all persons having any perceptible
amount of Indian blood, and it is probable that this resulted in
the enumeration as Indian of a considerable number of persons
who would ordinarily have been reported as white. In 1920 no
such special effort was made and the returns showed a much
smaller number of Indians than in 1910. Again in 1930 emphasis
was placed on securing a complete count of persons of Indian
blood, and the resulting returns overstated the actual decennial
increase in the number of Indians. In 1940 persons of less than
one-fourth Indian blood were not counted as Indian unless they
were so regarded in the local community.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

Text: B 48-181

B 48-71. Race by regions, decennial, 1790-1940. SOURCE:


Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. For 1940, see
Sixteenth Census Reports, Population, vol. II, part 1, p. 52; for
1930, see Fifteenth Census Reports, Population, vol. II, p. 35;
for 1920, see Fourteenth Census Reports, Population, vol. II, p.
31; for 1900-1910, see Thirteenth Census Special Reports, Negro
Population, 1790-1915, p. 43; for total population, 1790-1890, see
Sixteenth Census, Population, vol. I, pp. 14-15; for white and
Negro figures, 1790-1800 and 1820-1890, see Thirteenth Census
Special Reports, Negro Population, 1790-1915, pp. 44-45; for
other races, 1860-1890, see Fifteenth Census, Population, vol. II,
p. 53; for free white and slave population, 1790-1800 and 18201860, see Ninth Census, Population, vol. I, pp. 4-7. Figures for
1810 have been revised to include in Missouri (a North Central
State) that part of the population living in wh:;Lt was formerly
part of Louisiana Territory and subsequently Arkansas (a Southern

the 1930 treatment had been applied in 1940, there would have
been 3 fewer urban places (2 fewer in each of the groups 2,500 to
5,000 and 10,000 to 25,000, and 1 more in the group 25,000 to
50,000). For method of .urban-rural classification. see text of
series B 13-23.
B 160-164. Rural size-groups, decennial 189Q-1940. SOURCE:
Bureau of the Census, Sixteenth Census Reports, Population, vol.
I, p. 26. State-boundary places have been treated as follows:
In 1940, Delmar, Del., and Delmar, Md.; Harrison, Ohio, and
West Harrison, Ind.; Junction City, Ark., and Junction City, La.;
Texhoma, Okla., and Texhoma, Tex.; and Union City, Ind.,
and Union City, Ohio, were counted as separate incorporated
places, whereas in 1930 and earlier years each pair was counted as
a single place. With the exception of Union City, Ind., each of
these places was rural in 1940. If the 1930 treatment had been
applied in 1940, there would have been five fewer rural incorpoState).
rated places (all in the group of less than 1;000 inhabitants). For
The divisional composition of census regions is given in foot- method of urban-rural classification, see text of series B 13-23.
notes to series B 48-71. The State composition of the census
B 165-170. Farm and nonfarm, urban and rural, decennial
divisions is as follows:
1910-1940. SOURCE: Bureau of the Census. For 1920-1940, see
NEW ENGLAND:
Virginia
Sixteenth Census Reports, Population, vol. II, part 1, p. 18; for
Maine
West Virginia
New Hampshire
North Carolina
1910 farm population, see Fourteenth Census, Census Monographs
Vermont
South Carolina
VI, Farm Population of the United States, 1920, p. 45; figures for
Massachusetts
Georgia
Rhode Island
Florida
1910 nonfarm population have been derived by subtr9ction of the
Connecticut
EAST SOUTH CENTRAL:
estimate for the farm population from the figure for total popuMIDDLE ATLANTIC:
Kentucky
New York
Tennessee
lation.
New Jersey
Alabama
Pennsylvania
Mississippi
The farm population for 1930 and 1940 comprises all persons
EAST NORTH CENTRAL:
WEST SOUTH CENTRAL:
living on farms, without regard to occupation. The farm popuOhio
Arkansas
Indiana
Louisiana
lation figures for 1920 include, in addition, those farm laborers
Illinois
Oklahoma
Michigan
Texas
and their families living in rural territory outside the limits of an
"Wisconsin
MOUNTAIN:
incorporated place. The farm population o 1910 is estimated
WEST NORTH CENTRAl,:
Montana
Minnesota
Idaho .
from data on (1) the number of farms in 1910, (2) the average
Iowa
Wyoming
farm population per farm in 1920, and (3) the change in the average
Missouri
Colorado
North Dakota
New Mexico
number of persons per family in the rural population between 1910
South Dakota
Arizona
Nebraska
Utah
and 1920. For method of urban-rural classification, see text of
Kansas
Nevada
series B 13-23.
SOUTH ATLANTIC:
PACIFIC:
Delaware
Washington
B 171-181. Families, by farm residence, race and sex: of head,
Maryland
Oregon
District of Columbia
California
decennial, 1790-1940. SOURCE: Bureau of the Census. For
B 72-80. Median age, by color and sex, decennial, 1790-1940. 1940 figures on number of families by farm residence, race and sell
SOURCE: Bureau of the Census, Sixteenth Census Reports, Pop- of head, see Sixteenth Census Reports, Population, vol. IV, part 1,
ulation, vol. IV,part I, p. 3. The median age may be defined as p. 26, and Sixteenth Census Special Reports, Population-Charac-that age, which divides the population into two equal groups-one- teristics of the Nonwhite Population by Race, p. 30; for 1890-1930
half being older and one-half younger than the median. The figures on number of families by farm residence and race of head,
median age is ordinarily 1 or 2 years younger than the average or and 1930 figures on sex of head, see Sixteenth Census Special Remean age of the population. All "median ages in series B 72:..-80 ports, Families-General Characteristics, pp. 4 and 32; for 1790have been computed on the basis of 5-year intervals, except those 1940 figures on population used in computing population per
family, see Sixteenth Census Reports, Population, vol. I, p. 6; for
for censuses earlier than 1840.
B 81-144. Age and race," decennial, 1790-1940.
SOURCE: 1930-1940 median size of family, 1940 and 1890 median age of
Bureau of the Census. For 1930-1940, see Sixteenth Census Re- head, and 1930 figures on age of head, see Sixteenth Census Special
ports, Population, vol. II, part 1, p. 22; for 1880-1920, see Fif- Reports, Families-Size of Family and Age of Head, pp. 3 and 123;
teenth Census Reports, Population, vol. II, pp. 576, 578, an~ 580; for 1900 figures on size of family, and sex and age of head, see
for 1870, see Ninth Census Reports, Vital Statistics, pp. 552~553; Twelfth Census Reports, Population, vol. II, part 2, pp. ccviii,
for 1860, see Eighth Census Reports, Population, pp. 594-595, ccx, and 611; for 1890 figures on size of family and 1850-1880
and Ninth Census Reports, Vital Statistics, p .. 555; for 1850, see figures on number of families, see Eleventh Census Reports, PopuSeventh Census of the United States, Appendix, pp. xlii-xliv; for lation, part I, pp. 914 and 951; for 1890 figures on sex of head, see
1790-1840, figures are from reports of the first six population cen- Eleventh Census Reports,Farms and Homes: Proprietorship and
Indebtedness, p. 172; for 1790 figures on number and size of famsuses and revisions on record in the Bureau of the Census.
ilies, see Twelfth Census Special Reports, A Century of PopuURBAN-RURAL AND FARM RESIDENCE (B 145-181)
lation Growth, 1790-1900., pp. 96 and 98.
B 145-159. Urban size-groups and rural territory, decennial,
The term "family" as defined by the Census in 1940 and 1930 is
1790-1940. SOURCE: Bureau of the Census; Sixteenth Census iimited to private families and excludes the small number (about
Reports, Population, vol. I, p. 26~27. State-boundary places have 80,000 in 1940) of institutions and other quasi households. A
been treated as follows: In 1940 Bluefield, Va., and Bluefield, W. private family comprises the head of a private household and all
Va.; Bristol, Tenn., and Bristol, Va.; Texarkana, Ark., and Tex- other persons in the household, if any, who are related to the head
arkana, Tex.; and Union City, Ind., and Union City, Ohio, were by blood, marriage, or adoption, and who live together and share
counted as separate incorporated places, whereas in 1930 and earlier common housekeeping arrangements. Lodgers and other nonyears each pair was counted as a single place. With the exception relatives are counted as household members but not as family
of Union City, Ohio, each of these places was urban in 1940. If members. A person living alone is counted as a one-person family.
17

Text: B 171-278

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS AND MIGRATION

Prior to 1930, with the exception of 1900 and 1790, a family


was defined as any group of persons sharing a common abode, or
a person living alone. Institutions and other quasi households
were counted as families. In 1900 and 1790, families were limited
to private families, but family members included, in addition to
the head and his relatives, any lodgers and other nonrelatives who
lived in the home.
After the copy for this volume had been set in type, the Bureau
of the Census made extensive revisions in its concepts relating to
families. According to these changes, the number of families, as
shown in the present report, would be referred to as the number
of households; and the median size of family, as the median number of related persons in the household.

Internal Migration: Series B 182-236


B 182-230. General note. Interstate movement of native population and number of the foreign born, decennial. 1850-1940.
SOURCE: Bureau of the Census. Data are largely from Sixteenth
Census Special Reports, Population-State of Birth of the Native
Population. See detailed listings below.
In general, the data relate to the native population of the
United States, except that series B 182 (total population) and
B 193-194 (foreign born) are included to complete the distribution
of the entire population according to birthplace. In the classification by nativity, a person born in continental United States or
in any of its territories and possessions is counted as a native.
Also included as native is the small group of persons who, although
born in a foreign country or at sea, were American citizens at
birth because their parents were American citizens. However,
series B 195-230 relate only to persons born within the limits of
continental "United States for whom information on State of birth
was obtained.
These Census tabulations as to State of birth are of value mainly
for the light they throw upon the historical movement of the native
popUlation from one place to another within the United States
from the time of birth to the time of the given census. Extreme
care is necessary in the use of the figures as representing or measuring migration; these figures indicate only the net result of migration during the widely differing periods of life of the persons
who were enumerated.
In respect to migration, these figures take into account only
, those persons who have moved from one State to another and are,
on the census date, living in States other than those in which they
were born. "Hence, the statistics provide no indication of the
amount of migration within a given State from rural to urban
communities or from one location to another; nor do they take
any account of intermediate moves between the time of a person's
birth and the time of the census. The statistics thus do not indicate the total number of persons who have moved from the region
or State in which they wer~ born to other regions or States, or to
any specific region or State, during any given period of time.
From one census date to another, some of those who had gone
from one State to another died before the ,following census date,
others had returned to the State in which they had been born,
and still others had gone to still other States or to places outside
the boundaries of continental United States.
The net gain or loss through intersectional or interregional
movement (series B 204, 214, 222, 230) represents the difference
on the census date between the total number of surviving native.
persons who had moved out of the specified area since they were
born and the total number of surviving native persons who had
moved into the specified area since they were born. Some of these
persons are the survivors of groups who departed 'from, or arrived
in, the given area half a century or more before the census was
taken. The figures, therefore, do not represent migration in the
sense of the number of persons coming and going during the preceding census decade or during any other specific period in time.
18

B 182-194. Interstate movement of native population and number of the foreign born, decennial, 1850-1940. SOURCE: Bureau
of the Census, Sixteenth Census Special Reports, PopulationState of Birth of the Native Population, p. 4. See general note for
series B 182-230, above.
B 195-204. East-west movement of the native population,
decennial, 1870-1940. SOURCE: Same as for series B 182-194,
above. Also, see general note, series B 182-230, above.
B 205-214. North-south movement of the native population,
decennial, 1870-1940. SOURCE: Same as for series B 182-194,
above.
B 215-230. Interregional movement of the native whiie and
nonwhite population, decennial, 1890-1940. SOURCE: Bureau of
the Census. For 1940, see Sixteenth Census Special Reports,
Popu,lation-Staie of Birth of the Native Population, p. 6; 1930
figures have been derived from Fifteenth Census Reports, Population, vol. II, pp. 153-162, plus unpublished and partly estimated
data for persons classified as Mexican in that census; 1920 figures
have been derived from Fourteenth Census Reports, Population,
vol. II, pp. 626-635; 1910 figures have been derived from Thirteenth Census Reports, Population, vol. I, pp. 730-739; 1900
figures have been derived from Twelfth Census Reports, Population, vol. I, part 1, pp. 686-693; 1890 figures derived from
Eleventh Census Reports, Population, part I, pp. 560-567. See
general note for series B 182-230; also for method of classification by nativity, see text of series B 13-23.
B 231-236. Movement of farm population, 1910, 1920-1940.
SOURCE: Department of Agriculture. For 1945, see Farm Population Estimates, United States and Major Geographic Divisions,
1940-,1945; States, 1940-1945, Bureau of Agricultural Economics,
August 1945 (mimeographed); for 1929-1944, see Avricultural
Statistics, 1946, p. 528; for 1910-1928, see Agricultural Statistics,
1942, p. 643.
The estimates in series B 231-236 are based on bench-mark
data from the Censuses of Population and Agriculture, current
enumerative surveys, and mailed questionnaires returned by farmers. For January 1944 and later dates the estimates are adjusted
to the level of farm population of the United States as estimated
jointly by the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Agricultural
Economics on the basis of enumerative surveys and published in
the Census-BAE series. Estimates of changes in the farm population 1930-1941 were revised in September 1942; estimates of
changes during 1942 were revised in November 1944; estimates of
changes during 1945 were revised in August 1947. For method of
classification of farm population; see text of series B 165-170. Positive entries in series B 236 indicate a net gain in farm population
due to the beginning of farming operations on units that had previously not been classified as farms, while negative entries represent net loss due to the cessation of farming operations on such
units.

Citizenship Status and" Country of Birth:


Series B 237-303
B 237-278. Citizenship status of the population (Census), decennial, 1890--1940. SOURCE: Department of Commerce, Bureau
of the Census. For figures for all years for total, native, and total
foreign-born population, for citizenship status of foreign born,
1930-1940, and for all data on persons 21 years old and over, 19301940, see Sixteenth Census Reports, Population, vol. II, part 1,
pp. 19, 30-33; for 1920 figures on citizenship status of the foreign
born, and for persons over 21 years old, 1890-1920, see Fifteenth
Census Reports, Population, vol. II, p. 405.
The Census classification in regard to citizenship embraces,
first, the two major categories, citizen and alien. Citizens are
subdivided into native and naturalized. The aliens are subdivided into those having first papers (that is, having made formal
declaration of intention to become citizens of the United States)
and those not having first papers. In addition to the citizen and

CITIZENSHIP STATUS AND COUNTRY OF BIRTH

Text: B 237-304

alien categories, there is a third group made up of foreign-born


persons for whom no report on citizenship was obtained, designated as "citizenship not reported" or "unknown citizenship."
Since it is likely that most of these persons are aliens, they are
often included in summary figures for total aliens. The population 21 years old and over is also given separately by citizenship, in order to show the number of potential voters.
These statistics relate to the citizenship status of the population
at the time of the given census. In respect to those naturalized
or in the process of naturalization, see also series B 337-349 which
present figures on the number of aliens who file declarations or
petitions, or who become naturalized each year.

Immigration statistics were compiled by the Department of


State from 1820 to 1874 and by the Bureau of Statistics of the
Treasury Department from 1867 to 1895. Since 1892 there has
been a separate Office or Bureau of Immigration, now a part 6f
the Immigration and Naturalization Service. Annual reports were
issued by this Bureau from 1892 to 1932. From 1933 to 1940, a
summary of the work of the Immigration and Naturalization
Service was given in the Annual Reports of the Secretary oj Labor.
For 1941, the Annual Report of the Attorney General contained the
report on immigration and naturalization. No report was published for 1942. For subsequent fiscal years, Annual Reports of
the Immigration and Naturalization Service (submitted by the
Commissioner to the Attorney General) were published in mimeoB 279-303. Country of birth of the foreign"born population graphed form,
(Census), decennial, 1850-1940. SOURCE: D'epartment of ComSince 1820 the official immigration statistics have changed conmerce, Bureau of the Census; Sixteenth Census Reports, Popusiderably
in completeness and in the basis of reporting. From 1820
lation, vol. II, part 1, p. 43.
to 1850 the reports were for arrivals at the Atlantic and Gulf
All classifications of the 1940 population according to country ports only. Reports for Pacific ports were first included in 1850.
of birth are based on the political boundaries of January 1, 1937. There existed, practically speaking, no inspection along the fronThe 1930 classification is based on the political boundaries of that
tiers prior to October 1893; it is ascertained from Canadian sources
year; in most respects, these were identical with those of January
that from 40,000 to 50,000 Europeans entered the United States
1, 1937. Nevertheless, 'some persons born in central Europe or
who landed at Quebec and Halifax during 12 months prec.eding
the Balkans apparently reported birthplace in terms of national that date (Treasury Department, Annual Report of the Superinboundaries existing either at the time of their birth or in 1940. This tendent of Immigration, 1894, p. 19). Statistics of European imtendency probably accounts for increases, shown in the source
migrants arriving in Canada destined to the United States have
volume, in the number of foreign-born whites native to Austria,
been available since 1894, and until the fiscal year 1930 were shown
Hungary, and Turkey, and for greater than expected decreases in in the port tables as arriving at Canadian-Atlantic and Canadianthe number native to countries created or enlarged just after Pacific ports. Beginning with the fiscal year 1930, such arrivals
World War I. Although the major changes are indicated in table
have been shown at the actual United States port.s of entry.
15 of the source volume (Population, 1940, vol. II, part 1, p. 43),
Arrivals in Hawaii were first reported in 1901, in Puerto Rico in
there is some lack of comparability between the figures for the last 1902, and in Alaska in 1904. Until January 1, 1903, only steerage
tV10 censuses and those for earlier censuses, '\Xlhen boundaries were
or third-class passengers were counted as immigrants, and cabin
often different. For the censuses from 1850 to 1900, country of
. passengers or aliens who traveled first or second class were omitted.
birth is shown in the source volume for the total foreign-born
Entries of Canadians and Mexicans by land border were first
population; beginning in 1910, this item was tabulated for foreignborn white only. For most purposes, however, the data may be reported in 1906. The fiscal year 1908 is, however, the first complete year for which immigration via the land borders was recorded,
regarded as comparable.
sinc~ Canadians and Mexicans were not inspected until the pass"
The composition of the broad regions shown in series B 281-303,
age of the Act of February 20, 1907 (34 Stat. 898). From 1919 the
in terms of countries existent January 1, 1937, is as follows:
figures for the Mexican border are available separately for MexiNorthwestern Europe: England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland (compriscan border seaports and Mexican land border. Since 1939 the Mex..:
ing Northern Ireland and Eire), Scandinavia (comprising Norway,
ican border seaports have been recorded as Los Angeles District,
Sweden, Denmark; and Iceland), Netherlands, Belgium, LuxemSan Pedro and San Diego seaports.
bourg, Switzerland, and France. Central Europe: Germany, Poland,
Not all aliens arriving at the Canadian and Mexican border
Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary, and Yugoslavia. Eastern
ports are counted in immigration statistics. Prior to the fiscal
Europe: U. S.S. R. (Russia), Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Finland,
year 1931, all aliens arriving at Canadian or Mexican border land
Rumania, Bulgaria, Turkey in Europe. Southern Europe: Greece,
Italy, Spain, Portugal. Other Europe: Albania, Danzig, and ports from 'foreign countries were counted in statistics, except
"Europe not specified." Asia: Palestine, Syria, Turkey in Asia, residents of a year or longer of Canada, Newfoundland, or Mexico
"Other Asia." America: Canada-French, Canada-Other, New- who planned to remain in the United States less than 6 months.
foundland, Mexico, Cuba, "Other West Indies," Central America, On June 23, 1930, the definition of "statistical" aliens seeking to
South America. Other countries: Australia, Azores, "Other At- enter at ports along the international land borders was changed
lantic Islands," "Born at sea," and "All other and not reported." to corn prise:
(1) Those who have not been in the United States within 6
months, who come to stay more than 6 montbs; (2) those for whom
Immigration, Emigration, and Naturalization:
straight head tax is a prerequisite to admission, or for whom head
Series B 304-352
tax is specially deposited and subsequently converted to straight
B 304-352. General note. Although the reporting of allen
head tax account; (3) those required by law or regulation to prearrivals was required at an early date in certain of the colonies sent an immigration visa or reentry permit, and those who surand original States, the continuous record of immigration to the render either, regardless of whether they are required by law or
United States begins with the fiscal year ending September 30, regulation to do so; (4) those announcing an intention to depart
1820. The number of immigrants arrived in the United States via a seaport of the United States for Hawaii or insular possessions
from tbe close of the Revolutionary War up to 1820 has been of the United States, or for foreign countries, except arrivals
estimated at 250,000 (Bureau of Statistics, Treasury Department, 'from Canada intending to return thereto by water; (5) those anMonthly Summary of Commerce and Finance of the U. S., No. 12, nouncing an intention to depart across the other land boundary.
series 1902-1903, p. 4336). Under the act of March 2, 1819, pasThe above classification was again changed in the fiscal year
senger lists for all vessels arriving from foreign places were re- 1945. Statistics of arriving aliens at border ports of entry now
quired to be delivered to the local collector of customs, copies include (1) arriving aliens who come into the United States for 30
transmitted to the Secretary of State, and the information re- days or more; and (2) returning alien residents who have been out
ported to Congress.
of the United States more than 6 months. Arriving aliens who
19

Text: B 304-330

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS AND MIGRATION

come into the United States for 29 days or less are not counted
except those certified by public health officials, aliens held for a
board of special inquiry. aliens excluded and deported, and aliens
in transit who announce an intention to depart across another
land boundary, or by sea.
Se.parate figures are kept by the Immigration Service on alien
and citizen border crossers (not included above).
Arrivals in and departures from the Philippine Islands were
recorded in the port tables from 1910 to 1924, inclusive, but were
not included in the total immigration figures. From 1925 to 1931,
inclusive, arrivals in and departures from the Philippine Islands
. were published in separate tables from data obtained annuaily
from the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department. The Immigration Service has had no records since 1932 of arrivals in, or
departures from, the Philippine Islands to foreign countries.

The above definitions for nonimmigrant aliens and nonemigrant


aliens were stated more clearly in the fiscal years 1924-1932 in
the following terms:
Nonimmigrant aliens are aliens returning from a temporary
visit abroad and those who enter the United States for a
temporary stay only. Nonemigrant aliens are resident aliens
who go abroad for a temporary stay or who leave the country
after a temporary sojourn here.

From 1933 to the present time, aliens arriving in or departing


from the United States have been classified as follows:
An immigrant alien is a nonresident alien admitted to the
United States for permanent residence. Immigrants have
been further classified as: Quota immigrants, or those admitted
under established quotas from European countries, Asia,
Africa and the Pacific, and colonies, dependencies, and protectorates of European countries; and nonquota i'rnmigrants,
L e., natives from the independent countries of the Western
Hemisphere, their wives and unmarried children under 18
years of age; wives, husbands, and unmarried children of
citizens of the United States; ministers and professors who
enter to carryon their professions and their wives and children; and others.
A nonimmigrant alien is an alien resident of the United
States returning from a temporary visit abroad, or nonresident alien admitted to the United States for a temporary
period. Included in this group are visitors, transients, treaty
merchants, students, foreign government officials, officials to
international organizations, and the wives and unmarried
children of these groups. Travelers between the United States
and insular possessions are not included in the count of nonimmigrants, nor are commuters and others who frequently
cross the international land boundaries. In general, aliens admitted to the United_ States at land boundaries for 30 days or
more are included in the statistics. Agricultural laborers admitted to the United States under the Act of April 29, 1943,
as amended, have been included in the statistics if they came
from the West Indies. However, agricultural and railway
track laborers admitted from Mexico have not been included
in the statistics as nonimmigrants.
Emigrants are aliens who have resided in the United States
for a year or longer and who are leaving the United States for
a permanent residence abroad. Nonemigrants are resident
aliens of the United States who are leaving the United States
for a temporary period abroad, or nonresident aliens of. the
United States who have been in the United States for a temporary period, and who are returning to permanent residence
abroad.
The statistical definition of immigrant resembles closely the
legal definition, but differs in several respects. Under the law,
returning residents and students are classed as 'nonquota immigrants, whereas in statistics they are defined as nonimmigrants
since they enter the United States for a temporary period, and
returning residents have been counted on first entry as immigrants.
Likewise, under the law all Spanish subjects admitted into Puerto
Rico (Act of May 26, 1926) and American Indians born in Canada
are classed as immigrants not chargeable to any quota. Under
the statistical definition, such persons are nonimmigrants if admitted for temporary residence, and immigrants if admitted for
permanent residence.
The distinctions in the definitions of immigrant and emigrant,
nonimmigrant and nonemigrant, have to some extent impaired
the reliability of net immigration figures. While an immigrant
alien is admitted for permanent residence, he may change his
mind and depart prior to residence of 1 year, in which case he is
counted as an immigrant alien on arrival and a nonemigrant alien
on departure. An alien who comes for a temporary visit and
fails to depart within a year is classed as a nonimmigrant on
arrjval and an emigrant on departure.

Data on aliens admitted to the continental United States from


insular possessions have been compiled since 1908 but are not included in the total immigration figures. Aliens admitted from
Hawaii and Puerto Rico have been reported continuously since
1908. Aliens admitted from the Philippine Islands were reported
from 1908 to April 30, 1934. All arrivals from and departures to
the Philippine Islands have been, since May 1, 1934, recorded as,
and included with, data from other foreign countries. Aliens admitted from the Virgin Islands have been recorded since 1917. The
departure of aliens from the mainland, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico
was first recorded in 1918. Records are available since 1918 of
aliens passing between insular possessions. Figures for aliens from
Guam are available since 1929; Samoa, since 1932. Records of
United States citizens' arrival in continental United States from
insular possessions, and in insular possessions from continental
United States and other insular possessions, are available since
1920.
Definition of terms. From 1820-1867 the immigration figures
relate to alien passengers. From 1868 to 1891, inclusive, and 1895
to 1897, inclusive, the data relate to immigrant aliens arrived;
from 1892 to 1894, inclusive, and from 1898 to the present time,
to immigrant aliens admitted or aliens intending to make tlieir
permanent residence in this country. See Bureau of Statistics,
Treasury Department, Monthly Summary of Commerce and Finance
of the U. S., No. 12, series 1902-1903, p. 4336. In the fiscal year
1906 aliens arriving were segregated into two classes; that is, (1)
immigrant aliens, or those who intended to settle here, and (2)
nonimmigrant aliens, or aliens admitted who avowed an intention
not to settle in the United States, and all returning to resume
domiciles formerly acquired in this country. See Annual Report of
Commissioner General of Immigration, 1906, pp. 4 and 45.
N() official record of emigration was kept prior to July 1, 1907.
The keeping of these figures was made possible by a provision in
Section 12 of the Immigration Act of February 20, 1907, requiring
all steamship companies carrying alien passengers out of the
country to furnish manifests similar to those required in the case
of arriving aliens.
From 1908 to 1932, inclusive, aliens arriving in or departing
from the United States were classified as follows:
Arriving aliens whose permanent domicile has been outside
the United States who intend to reside permanently in the
United States were classed as immigrant aliens; departing
aliens whose permanent residence has been in the United
States who intend to reside permanently abroad were classed
as emigrant aliens; all alien residents of the United States
making a temporary trip abroad and all aliens residing abroad
IMMIGRATION BY COUNTRY (B 304-330)
making a temporary trip to the United States were classed as
nonimmigrant aliens on the inward journey and nonemigrant
B 301-330. Immigrants by country, 1820-1945. SOURCES:
aliens on the outward. The preponderance of nonemigrant
over nonimmigrant aliens is due largely to the fact that many For 1820-1903, see Treasury Department, Bureau of Statistics,
on arrival who intend to reside permanently change their Monthly Summary of Commerce and Finance of the U. S., No. 12,
minds and leave after a temporary residence only. (Annual
series 1902-1903, pp. 4345-4357. For )904-1932, see Annual ReReport of the Commissioner General of Immigration, 1908, p.
ports of the Commissioner General of Immigration as follows: For
6.) Since 1908 permanent residence has been defined as a
1891--1926, see Report for 1926, pp. 170-178; for 1927-1931, see
residence of 1 year or longer.
20

IMMIGRATION, EMIGRATION, AND NATURALIZATION


Report for 1931, pp. 222-223; for 1932, see Report for 1932, pp.
120-125; for 1933-1945, data were obtained from unpublished records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service.
Data for years prior to 1906 cover countries whence the aliens
came, and for years following, countries of last permanent residence. Owing to changes in the list of countries separately reported and to changes in boundaries, data for certain countries
are not comparable throughout. The principal changes in reporting immigrants by country since 1820 are shown in the
detailed listings below.
B 305-316. European immigration, 1820-1945.
SOURCE:
See text of series B 304-330. Since 1820, territorial transfers in
Europe have to a certain extent impaired the comparability of
immigration statistics from that continent. Data for AustriaHungary were not reported until 1861. Austria and Hungary
have been reported separately since 1905. In the years 1938-1945,
inclusive, Austria is included with Germany. Bulgaria, Serbia,
and Montenegro were first reported in 1899. In 1920 Bulgaria
was reported separately and separate enumeration made for the
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. Since 1922, the Serb,
Croat, and Slovene Kingdom has been reco'tded as Yugoslavia.
Prior to 1925 Northern Ireland was included with Ireland (Eire).
The figures for Norway and Sweden were combined from 1820 to
1868, but since 1869 each country has been reported separately.
Poland was recorded as a separate country from 1820 to 1898 and
from 1920 to 1945. Between 1899 and 1919 Poland was included
with Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Russia. There is no record
of immigration from Rumania prior to 1880. For detailed data for
each of the aforementioned countries, see sources indicated for
series B 304-330, above. For clarification of column groupings
of countries, consult footnotes shown in the tabular presentation
of these series.
International transfers in territory following the World War I
resulted in the establishment of several new countries. In 1920,
Czechoslovakia, Finland,Poland, and the Kingdom of Serbs,
Croats, and Slovenes were added to the immigration lists. In 1924
Albania, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania were added to the lists
of European countries. In 1925 the Free City of Danzig and Luxembourg were added.

The Immigration Act of May 26, 1924, which established quotas


for all independent countries in Europe, Asia, Africa, and the
Pacific has effected a further change in the immigration lists of
countries. This change,however, was not fully felt until the fiscal
year 1931. In that year Andorra, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Mpnaco,
and San Marino were added to the European countries, and the
Russian Empire was classified into European Russia and Siberia,
or Asiatic Russia. The principal effect of the 1924 Act, however,
was in the extension of the lists of Asiatic, Mrican, and Western
Hemisphere countries.

Text: B

304~326

are based on the Quota Law. This change consisted in the addition
to the immigration lists of Afghanistan, Arabian Peninsula,
Bhutan, Muscat, Nepal, Saudi Arabia, and Asiatic colonies, dependencies, and protectorates of European countries.
B 322-325. Immigration from America, 1820-1945. SOURCE:
See text of series B 304-330. Prior to 1920 Canada and New
fouridland were recorded under country of last permanent residence as British North America. Combined figures are available
for Canada and Newfoundland from 1920 to 1924; since 1925 each
country has been reported separately.
Statistics of European immigrants arriving in Canada en route
to the United States have been available since 1894. From 1894 to
1906, inclusive, the data refer principally to European aliens arriving at Canadian Atlantic and Pacific ports en route to the
United States. Inspection of Canadians and Mexicans was first
authorized by the Act of February 20, 1907 (34 Stat. 898). The
fiscal year 1908 is, therefore, the first complete year for which all
immigration via the land borders was recorded.
Immigration from Mexico has been recorded from 1820 to 1885
and from 1894 to 1945. Immigration from the West Indies has
been available since 1820. Between 1820 and 1860 there was no
classification of the West Indies, by countries. For 1860-1898,
some immigration was recorded from Antigua (1873-1895), Bahamas (1871-1895), Barbados (1869-1895), Bermuda (1861-1895),
Cuba (1869-1898), Cura!;ao (1873-1895), Haiti (1869'-18~5),
Jamaica (1869-1895), Puerto Rico (1869-1895), Saint Croix
(1871-1895), Saint Thomas (1872-1895), and Trinidad (18741895). From 1899 to 1924, inclusive, there again was no classification by country of immigration from the West Indies. Immigration from Cuba has been separately recorded since 1925; from
the British V/est Indies, Dorrtinican Republic, Dutch West IndieS,
French West Indies, and Haiti since 1931; and from Bermuda
since 1945. For detailed data, see Annual Report of Commissioner
General of Immigration for each year, 1892-1932.
Immigration from Central America has been recorded since
1820, but there was no classification by country during most of that
period. Separate statistics are available from 1895 to 1898, inclusive, for Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Salvador; and
from 1895 to 1897, inclusive, for Costa Rica. Separate enumeration for British Honduras was also made in the years 1874-1910,
inclusive. With the above exceptions, only figures for total immigration have been available from Central America up until 1925.
Immigration from British Honduras has been reported separately
again since 1925, and immigration from the Canal Zone, Costa
Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, and Salvador
has been enumerated separately since 1931.
Immigration from South America has also been reported in total
since 1820 but, with the following exceptions, no breakdown by
countries was available prior to 1925. Between 1869 and 1895
separate enumerations were made for Brazil, Chile, Colombia,
Ecuador, Guiana, Peru, and Venezuela; and between 1871 and
1895 for the Argentine Republic. Separate figures for Brazil have
been again available since 1925; and since 1931 for Argentina,
Bolivia, British Guiana, Dutch Guiana, French Guiana, Chile,
Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela.

B 317-321. Asiatic immigration, 1820-1945. SOURCE: See


text of series B 304-330. China and India are the only countries
in Asia for which the records of immigration to the United States
date back to 1820; Although there is record of a few immigrants
from Japan in 1861, 1866, and 1867, th.ere are no complete records
of immigration to the United States from Japan prior to 1869.
Figures for Turkey in Asia are available since 1869. Data on some
B 326. Immigration from Africa, 1820-194.5. SOURCE: See text of
immigration from Arabia are recorded in the years 1876-1895; series B 304-330. Immigration from Africa has been recorded since
from Armenia in 1874-1895; and from Persia in 1871-1895. From 1820, but, with few exceptions, was not classified by countries
1896 to 1923, inclusive, Asiatic immigration included only China, until 1931. There is record of some immigration from Liberia in
India, Japan, Turkey in Asia, and "Other Asia." In 1924 Syria 1829, 1839, 1844, and 1857-1893; Algeria in 1872-1894; Egypt,
was added, and in 1925 Armenia, Palestine, and Persia (Iran) were 1869-1895; and South Mrica, 1869-1895. From 1890 to 1924, only
added to the lists of Asiatic countries. Since 1934 Armenia has immigration for continental Africa was reported. Immigration
been included in Russia. In 1931 Siberia, or Asiatic Russia, was from Egypt was again recorded in 1925. Immigration from Ethiopa
separated from European Russia, and Iraq and Siam (Thailand) (Abyssinia), Liberia, Morocco,and Union of South Africa, has
were added to the lists.
been recorded since 1931. In 1945 "Other Mrica" was classified
In 1945 the immigration statistics by country of last permanent into Cameroons (British Mandate), Cameroons (French Mandate),
residence were made comparable to country of birth tables which Ruanda and Urundi (Belgian Mandate), South-West Africa (Man

21

Text: B 326-337

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS AND MIGRATION

date of the Union of South Mrica), Tanganyika Territory (British


Mandate), Togoland (British Mandate), Togoland (French Mandate), and colonies, dependencies, or protectorates of Belgium,
France, Great Britain, Italy, Portugal, and Spain.

groups, with a lower age limit of Under 5 years and an upper open
end limit of 100 years and over. See Annual Report of the Commissioner General of Immigration for separate years.
Although the Act of 1819 required that arriving immigrants be
recorded by sex, no satisfactory compilation of these data prior to
B 327-329. Immigration from Australasia, 1870-1945. SOURCE:
See text of series B 304-330. Immigration from Australia was the year 1869 has been made. See Senate Doc. No. 756, 61st Conrecorded separately in 1822, 1839-1840, and in most of the years gress, Reports of the Immigration Commission, vol. 3, p. 5. The
1854-1898. From 1899 to 1924 a combined total was recorded for earlier reports of the Secretary of State to Congress, however, conAustralia, Tasmania, and New Zealand, and since 1925 Australia tain partial data on this subject, and in 1911 the Immigration
has been again reported separately. Separate figures for New Commission compiled such data to show the approximate sex disZealand are available from 1870 to 1890. From 1891 to 1893 New tribution from 1820 to 1867, inclusive. This compilation is made
Zealand was included in "All other countries"; from 1894 to 1898 on the basis of years ending June 30 during the period under conin "Pacific Islands, not specified," and from 1899 to 1924 with sideration, and consequently cannot be compared with the annual
Australia and Tasmania. Separate figures for New Zealand have immigration from 1820 to 1867 as shown in series B 304 since the
last mentioned data are for entirely different fiscal years. Therefore
again been available since 1925.
the percentages given in series B 332 cannot be reduced to numThe following countries were added to the immigration lists of bers. Moreover, the data are not complete, as in most years during
the Pacific in the fiscal year 1945: Nauru (British Mandate); the period a considerable number of immigrants were admitted
Territory of New Guinea including appertaining islands (Aus- for whom sex was not reported; but on the whole the percentages
tralian Mandate); Western SamoaCNew Zealand Mandate); may be accepted as fairly representative of the sex distribution
Yap and other Pacific islands. under Japanese mandate; and colo- in the years conside:wed.
nies, dependencies, or protectorates of France, Great Britain,
NATURALIZATION OF ALIENS (B 337-349)
Japan, Netherlands, and Portugal.
B 337-349. General note. Naturalization of aliens. Prior. to
1906, individual courts kept records of naturalizations but no
national data were compiled. The Act of June 29, 1906,efiective
B 331-336. Age of imThligrants, 1820-1945. SOURCES (B 331,
September 27, 1906, provided for periodic returns by all courts
B 333-336): For 1820-1897, see Treasury Department, Bureau of
conducting naturalization proceedings, and for the filing with
Statistics, Monthly Summary of Commerce and Finance of the U.
a central Federal agency of a duplicate copy of each declaration of
S., No. 12, series 1902-1903, pp. 4358 and 4362; for 1898-1932,
intention and petition of naturalization filed,. and of each certifisee Annual Report of the Commissioner General of Immigration for
cate of naturalization issued. This made possible the accurate
each year; for 1933-1945, data are from Immigration and Naturalcompilation of naturalization statistics. From 1907 to 1912 naization Service records. SOURCES CB 332): For 1820-1910, see
turalization statistics were compiled by the Bureau of Immigration
Senate Doc. No. 756, 61st Congress, Reports of the Immigration
and Naturalization, Department of Commerce and Labor. From
Commission, vol. 3, pp. 6 and 7; for 1911-1931, Annual Report of
1913 to 1932 naturalization statistics were compiled by the Comthe Commissioner General of Immigration, 1931, p. 238; for 1932,
missioner of Naturalization, Bureau of Naturalization, Departsee same, 1932, p. 58; for 1933-1945, data are from Immigration
ment of Labor. From 1933 to 1940, a summary of the naturaliand Naturalization Service records.
zation work was given in the Annual Reports of the Secretary
Differences between the totals in series B 304 and series B331 for of Labor. For 1941 the Annual Report of the Attorney General
the years 1820-1868 may be due to the fact that the source of contained a report on naturalization. No report was published in
statistics was different. Data for series B 333-335 and subtotals 1942. For subsequent fiscal years, Annual Reports of the I mmiof B 331 are from p. 4358 of the source; data for series B 304 are gration and N atu,ralization Service (submitted by the Commissioner of the Immigration and Naturalization Service to the Atfrom p. 4336 of the source.
torney General) were published in mimeographed form.
The age groups of immigrants have changed a number of times
B 337-339. Declarations and petitions filed, and total naturalsince 1820, thereby impairing to a certain extent their comparaized, 1907-1945. SOURCES: For 1907-:-1940, see Department of
bility. From 1820 to 1898 immigrants to the United States were
-Labor, Annual Report of the Secretary of Labor, 1940, p. 115; for
classified into the following age groups: Under 15 years, from 15 to
1941, see Department of Justice, Annual Report of the Attorney
40, and over 40 years. In addition, the age of nearly 250,000 imGeneral, 1941, p. 259; for 1942--1945, data are from Immigration
migrants, or 4 percent of the total immigrants in the years 1820and Naturalization Service records.
1866, was not reported.
B 337. Declaration of intention, 1907-1945. SOURCE: See
Between 1899 and 1917 the age classification was changed to: text for series B 337-339, above. Section 331 of the Nationality
Under 14 years, 14--44 years, and 45 years and over. From 1918 to Act of 1940 provides that an applicant for naturalization after
1924 the age classification was changed to Under 16 years, 16-44 reaching' the age of 18 years must make under oath, not less than
years, and 45 years and over.
2 nor more than 7 years prior to the applicant's petition for naturalization, a signed declaration of his intention to become a citizen of
Although only three age groups were used prior to 1925, a septhe United States (54 Stat. 1153; 8 U. S. C. 731). This section conarate and more detailed classification was used in the years 1910tains SUbstantially the requirements of the Basic Natura.lization
1924 for single females: 15-19 years, 20-24 years, 25-29 years, and
Act of 1906 concerning the declaration of intentions.
30-34 years in 1910; 14-21 years, 22-29 years, 30-37 years, and
Prior to 1930 the number of declarations of intention was far in
38-44 years in 1911-1917, inclusive; 16-21 years, 22-29 years,
excess
of the number of aliens naturalized. This was due mainly
30-37 years, and 38-44 years, from 1918 to 1924, inclusive.
to the fact that many aliens failed to file a petition for naturalIn 1925 the age classification was enlarged from three to six ization within the prescribed time limit, as well as the denial of a
groups: Under 16 years, 16-21 years, 22-29 years, 30-37 years, number of petitions for naturalization. In most of the years since
38-44 years, and 45 years and over. In 194:0 the age classification 1930 the number of aliens naturalized has been in excess of the
was again enlarged to 12 groups, with a lower limit of Under 11
declarations filed, because of the increasing number of persons who
years, 5-year age groups until 60, and an upper limit of Over 60
were exempted from the general requirements for a declaration of
years. In 1945 the age groups were further enlarged into 5-year intention.
AGE OF IMMIGRANTS (B 331-336)

IMMIGRATION, EMIGRATION, AND NATURALIZATION


After the effective date of the 1906 Act, a number of laws were
passed exempting special classes, of persons from the general requiremen t of a declaration of in ten tion. Most of these laws have been
codified into the Nationality Act of 1940. Included among such exempted classes are noncitizen spouses of United States citizens;
certain former citizens; noncitizens who, because of misinformation, erroneously exercised the rights of citizenship; noncitizens
who, at the time of entering the United States, were less than 16
years of age; certain noncitizens who have served honorably in the
United States armed forces (section 324, Nationality Act of 1940)
or on certain vessels (section 325, Nationality Act of 1940); certain
noncitizen children; and noncitizens who in World War II served
honorably in the United States armed forces in the United States
or outside of the United States (sections 701 and 702, Nationality
Act of 1940).
B 338. Petition for naturalization, 1907-1945. SOURCE: See
text of series B 337~339, above. Section 332 of the ~~ationality
Act of 1940 (54 Stat. 1154; 8 U. S. C. 732), which is substantially
a reenactment of a similar provision in the Act of June 29, 1906,
provides that an applicant for naturalization must, not less than
2 nor more than 7 years after the declaration of intention has been
made, file a sworn petition for naturalization in the format prescribed in the law.
While the naturalization laws exempt special classes of persons
from the requirement of a declaration of intention, there are no
similar exemptions from the requirement of a petition or formal
application for naturalization.
In making comparisons of the number of petitions filed with
the number of aliens naturalized, allowances should be made for
the ,time elapsed between the date of filing of petition and the date
of naturalization. Hence, it will be seen that in some of the years
the numbef" of petitions filed is less than the number naturalized.
Another faator to be kept in mind in making comparisons is that
of the total number of petitions filed in a given year, a certain
number were denied by the courts. Statistics of petitions for
naturalization denied have been compiled since the fiscal year
1907. The denial of a petition does not preclude the alien from
filing another petition at a ,later date upon meeting the naturalization requirements.
B 339. Aliens naturalized, 1907-1945. SouRcE: See text for
series B 337-339, above. The term aliens naturalized in naturalization statistics means aliens upon whom naturalization was conferred in the United States by a naturalization court or outside
of the United States by a representative of the Immigration and
Naturalization Service designated by the Commissioner or Deputy
Commissioner. The total number of aliens naturalized includes
both civilian and military naturalizations.
The statistics of aliens naturalized do not include figures on:
Repatriations under section 323 of the Nationality Act of 1940 of
former citizens of the United States who lost citizenship by entering the armed forces of allied countries during World War I, and
former citizens who lost citizenship of the United States by voting
in a political election in a foreign state other than a state at war
with the United States during the Second World War; repatriations under section 317 (b) of the Nationality Act of 1940 of
women citizens at birth who lost or are believed to have lost citizenship through marriage to an alien and whose marriages have
terminated; and repatriations under the Act of June 25, 1936, as
amended, of native-born women who lost citizenship by marriage.
Separate statistics on these repatriations are compiled by the
Immigration and Naturalization Service.
Separate statistics are also compiled by the Immigration and
Naturalization Service on certificates of derivative citizenship
granted and denied, expatriations, certificates of naturalization
revoked, and petitions for naturalization denied.
B 340-341. Sex of aliens naturalized, 1923-1945. SOURCES:
For 1923-1932, see Department of Labor, Bureau of Naturalization, Annual Reports of the Commissioner of Naturalization,

Text: B 337-348

I 1923-1932; for 1933-1940, see Annual Report of tke Secretary of


Labor, 1933-1940; for 1941, see Department of Justice, Annual
Report of tke Attorney General, 1941, p. 239; for 1942-1945, data
are from Immigration and Naturalization Service records.
'
B 342-349. Aliens naturalized by country of former allegiance,
1923--1945. SOURCE: For 1923-1932, see Annual Reports of the
Commissioner of Naturalization, cited above; for 1933-1945, data
are from Immigration and Naturalization Service records.
The term country of former allegiance or nationality is construed
to mean the country of which the alien at the time was a citizen
or subject. Data on the number of aliens naturalized, by country
or region of former allegiance, have been compiled only from July
1, 1922. Owing to changes in the list of countries separately
reported and to changes in boundaries, data for certain countries
are not comparable throughout. The principal changes in reporting
.since 1923 are shown in the text for individual series below.
B 342. Northwestern Europe, 1923-1945. SOURCE: See text
of series B 342-349, above. Includes the British Empire, Norway,
Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, and France. In the fiscal years 1924-1932, the figures for
the British Empire were classified by country: Ireland, England, Canada, Scotland, Wales, and Australia. Canada is shown
separately in the fiscal years 1923-1932, and from 1933 on is included in the British Empire. Palestine and Syria and the Lebanon
have been reported separately prior to the fiscal year 1945 and
included in the figures for' Asia. From 1945 Palestine is included
in the figures for the British Empire, and Syria and the Lebanon
in the figures for France.
B 343. Central Europe, 1923-1945. SOURCE: See text of series
B 342-349, above. Includes Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia,

Austria, Hungary, Yugoslavia, and Montenegro. In the fiscal


years 1938-1945, Austria was included with Germany. In the years
1923-1932, Yugoslavia was recorded in naturalization statistics
as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes.
B 344. Eastern Europe, 1923-1945. SOURCE: See text of series
B 342-349, above. Includes the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Finland, Rumania, Bulgaria, and
Turkey. In the fiscal years 1923-1928 Latvia and Estonia were
included with Russia. During 1923-1927 Lithuania comprisE'd
portions of Russia and Ger~any. European and Asiatic Turkey
are included in Eastern Europe.
B 345. Southern Europe, 1923-1945. SOURCE: Se,e text of
series B 342-349, above. Includes Greece, Italy, Spain, Portugal,
and, from 1929 to 1946, "Other Europe," which comprises Albania,
the Free City of Danzig, Liechtenstein, San Marino, Monaco, and
Andorra. In the fiscal years 1923-1928 "Other Europe" was recorded under the "Miscellaneous" group of countries and is included with "All other" in series B 349.
B 346. Asia, 1927-1945. SOURCE: See text of series B 342-349,
above. In the fiscal years 1923-1927, Asia was included under the
"Miscellaneous" group of countries, which is shown here as "All
other" (B 349). Separate figures for Syria and the Lebanon have
been reported for 1928-1944; for Palestine for 1929-1944; for
Iran (Persia), Iraq, and Afghanistan since 1929; for China and
Japan since 1932; for Arabian Peninsula and India since 1943,
and for Thailand (Siam) since 1944. Beginning 1945 Syria and
the Lebanon and Palestine have been included in Northwestern
Europe. Racial restrictions upon naturalization have, of course,
limited the number of aliens naturalized who were citizens, or
subjects, of countries located in Asia.
B 347. Canada, 1923-1932. SOURCE: See text of series B 342349, above.
B 348. Other America, 1923--1945. SOURCE: See text of series
B 342-349, above. Includes Mexico, the West Indies, Central and
South America. Figures for "Other America" countries were
not compiled separately in the fiscal year 1923. Figures for Mexico

23

Text: B 337-352

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS AND MIGRATION

date from 1924; for the West Indies (Cuba, Dominican Republic,
and Haiti separately) from 1929. In the fiscal years' 1924-1928,
the figures for Central and South America were combined. Separate figures have been compiled for independent countries in
Central and South America beginning with the fiscal year 1929,
except in the fiscal year 1933.
B 349. All other, 1923-1945. SOURCE: See text of series B 342349, above. Includes "Miscellaneous" countries, 1923-1928; repatriated Americans, 1924-1934; Egypt, 1929-1944; Ethiopia,
1929-1945; Liberia, 1929-1945; Morocco, 1929-1945; Cameroons
(French Mandate), 1945; Philippines, 1929-1945; Samoa, 19441945; Guam, 1944-1945; Panama Canal Zone, 1945; Puerto Rico,
1945; and "stateless nationality," 1945. From 1935 repatriated
Americans have been included with countries of former allegiance.
These repatriations include only former citizens of the United
States to whom certificates of naturalization were issued by a
clerk of court and should be distinguished from repatriations under
Sections 317 (b) and 323 of the Nationality Act of 1940 and repatriations under the Act of June 25, 1936, as amended, statistics

24

of which are compiled separately and not included in the total


number of aliens naturalized. Egypt is included in the British
Empire in 1945.
NONIMMIGRANT ALIENS ADMITTED AND ALIENS DEPARTED
(B 350-352)
B 350. Nonimmigrant aliens admitted, 1906-1945. SOURCES:
For 1906-1907, see Annual Reports of the Commissioner General of
Immigration, 1906-1907; for 1908-1931, see Report for 1931, p.
213; for 1932, see Report for 1932, p. 57; for 1933-1945, data are
from Immigration and Naturalization Service records. For definitions of nonimmigrant aliens, see general note to series B 304352.
B 351-352. Aliens -departed, 1906-1945. SOURCE: For 19081931, see Annual Report of the Commissioner General oj Immigration, 1931, pp. 213 and 239; for 1932, see Report, 1932, pp. 57
and 74; for 1933-1945, data are from Immigration and Naturalization Service records. For definitions of term, see general note
to series B 304-352.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

Data: B 1-39

Series B 1-12.-POPULATION, DECENNIAL SUMMARY-AGGREGATE, UNITED STATES,


TERRITORIES AND POSSESSIONS: 1790 TO 1940
United
States,
aggregate

YEAB

Continental
United
States I

Military
and naval,
etc., services
abroad

Philippine
Islands 2

2
1940 ___________
1930 ___________
1920 ___________
1910 ___________
1900___________

150,621,231
138,439,069
118,107,150
102,370,018
84,371,985

1890___________ 62,979,766
1880___________
50,189,209
1870_ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _
(W)
1860 _______ _______________ _
1850 _______________________ _
~

g:g~~:M~

1840_______________________ _

t~H=========== =============1

Panama
Canal Zone

All
other

2,477,023
2,061,570
1,680,292
1,456,144
1,186,191

572,524
o 59,278
55,036
64,356
63,592

423,3RO
368,336
255,912
191,909
154,001

10

32,052
33,426

Puerto
Rico

1,869,255
1,543,913
1,299,809
1,118,012
8953,243

51,827
39,467
22,858
G 62,810

----------

11

60,087 134,265,231
50,576 124,926,069
46,677 107,508,150
719,057 93,484,018
915,355 77,271,985
... __ .. __ .. __ .... _...
----------- ...

32,052 ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------33,426 ---------- ------------ ------- ... - ----------

r-::::-:::--::::-:::-:::--::::-:::-=--:::::::--:::-:::-::::-:::--::::-:::-:::--:::-================================

SERIES B 12.-ES'l'IMATED COLONIAL POPULATION: 1610 TO 1780 I


I----------------------------~----------------~--------~--------------------------

~~~~

I-;-,-~8-~-~-:r-oo-11 1720___ ~_~~, _______ 1 N;;~;;~ II ;~~o--~=--------------I--N-U-;-4-~-::-O-

1780 ____
_________
9,638' 453 1.'1770-----------------1
7,239,881 1760_________________
5,308,483 1750_________________
3,929,214 1740_________________
1730_________________

1800 _______________________ _
1790 _______________________ _

~g :~f~ :n~

31,443,321
23,191,876

Alaska
Hawaii
Territory Territory

Total

131,669,275
118,933
16,356,000
122,775,046
89,453
13,513,000
105,710,620
117,238
10,599,000
91,972,266
8,886,00!)
55,608
75,994,575
91,219
7,100,000
62,947,714 _______________________ _
II

United States
aggregate,
excluding
Philippine
Islands

TERRITORIES AND POSSESSIONS

I Series B 12 continues series B 2.


2 Estimates derived by extrapolation and interpolation of the censuses of 1903,
1918, and 1939.
S Includes Baker, Canton, Enderbury, Howland, Jarvis, Johnston, and Midway
Islands.
4 "All other" includes: 1900 and 1910-American Samoa and
Guam; 1920
to 1940-American Samoa, Guam and Virgin IslandS of the United States.

'N. ,v__
275,000
213,500
155,600
114,500

1710 ________________
1700________________
1690________________
1680________________
1670________________ 1

2,205,000
1,610,000
1,207,000
889,000
654,950

II

nO
i640================
1630________________
1620________________
1610________________

51,700
27,947
5,700
2,499
210

Census taken as of October 1 of the preceding year.


in 1912. 7 Population included here for American Samoa is for 1912,
Population in 1899. 9 Population included bere for Guam is for 190110 Statistics for Alaska not available.
tl Revised to include adjustments for underenumeration in the Southern States;
adjusted data are not available for States, urban-rural residence, etc. Unrevised
total is 38,558,371.
S

6 Population

Series B 13-23.-POPULATION, DECENNIAL SUMMARY-SEX, URBAN-RURAL RESIDENCE,


AND RACE: 1790 TO 1940
Urban-rural classification in accordance with 1940 definitions. Figures for white population in 1930 have been revised to include Mexicans who were classified as nonwhite in the 1930 reports]
RACE
C!~ ~
lJ\la...es

I~a..n

13

URBAN-RURAL

SEX

Continental
United

Negro'

White

Male

Female

Urban

Rural

14

15

16

17

Total

J:-..Jative

18

19

1940 _______ 131,669,275


1930 _______ 122,775,046
1920 _______ 105,710,620
1910 _______
91,972,266
1900 _______
75,994,575

66,061,592
62,137,080
53,900,431
47,332,277
38,816,448

65,607,683
60,637,966
51,810,189
44,639,989
37,178,127

74,423,702
68,954,823
54,157,973
41,998,932
30,159,921

57,245,573
53,820,223
51,552,647
49,973,334
45,834,654

118,214,870 106,795,732
110,286,740 96,303,335
94,820,915 81,108,161
81,731,957 68,386,412
66,809,196 56,595,379

1890 _______
62,947,714
1880 _______
50,155,783
1870 _______ 138,558,371
1860 _______
31,443,321
185o _______
23,191,876

32,237,101
25,518,820
19,493,565
16,085,204
11 ,837,660

30,710,613
24,636,963
19,064,806
15,358,117
11 ,354 ,216

22,106,265
14,129,735
9,902,361
6,216,518
3,543,716

40,841,449
36,026,048
28,656,010
25,226,803
19,648,160

55,101,258 45,979,391
43,402,970 36,843,291
33,589,377 . 28 ,095,665
26,922,537 22,825,784
19,553,068 17,312,533

1,845,055
1,127,247
693,255
525,459
322,371
201,655

15,224,398
11 ,738,773
8,945,198
6,714,422
4,986,112
3,727,559

14,195,805
10,537,378
7,866,797
5,862,073
4,306,446
3,172,006

1840 _______
1830_~ _____
1820_~ _____
l810 _______
L800 _______
1790 _______

8,688,532
8,380,921
17,069,453
6,532,489
6,333,531
12,866,020
4,896,605
4,741,848
9,638,453
7,239,881 ------------ -----------5,308,483 --------'---- -----------3,929,214 ------------ ------------

F ormgn
born

Total

Slave

20

21

22

Other
races
23

11,419,138 12,865,518 ----- .. _--- ...


13,983,405 11 ,891,l43 ----------13,712,754 . 10,463,131 --- ------- ...
13,345,545
9,827,763 --- -------.
10,213,817
8,833,994 --- -- ... ---- ..
9,121,867
6,559,679
5,493,712
4,096,753
2,240,535

-------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------

---------------------------------------------

7,488,676 --- ----- --6,580,793 ----------4,880,009 --- -------4,441,830 3,953,760


3,638,808 3,204,313
2,873,648
2,328,642
1,771 ,656
1,377,808
1,002,037
757,208

588,887
597,163
426,574
412,546
351,385
357,780
172,020
88,985
78,954

----------

2,487,355 ---------2,009,043 ---------1,538,022 ---------1,191,362 ---------893,602 -------- -697,681 ----------

I Unrevised, see series B 2.


SERIES

SERIES

24-25.-AREA-TERRITORIAL EXPANSION:

1790
ACCESSION

Total, 1946 (excL P.L)l


Continental U. S. _____
Gadsden Purchase __
Mexican Cession_ ~ __
Oregon ____________
Texas _____________
By treaty with. Spain:
Florida __________
Other areas ______
LOUIsiana Purchase __
Territory in 1790 2 __

Date

Gross area
(land and
water)
sq. mi.

24

25

------ 3,619,644
1853
1848
1846
1845

3,022,387
29,640
. 529,017
285,580
390,144

1819
1819
1803

58,560
13,443
827,192
888,811

TO

1946
ACCESSION

Territories and passetlsions ____________


Virgin Islands of. the
United States _______
Panama Canal Zone ___
American Samoa ______
Guam ________________
Puerto Rico __________
Hawaii and misc. Pacific
IslandS 3____________
Alaska _______________

Date

Gross
area
(land and
water)
sq. mi.

24

25

------ 597,257
1917
1904
1900
1899
1899

133
553
76
206
3,435

1898
.1867

6,454
586,400

I The Philippine'Islands (area 115,000 square miles), ceded by Spain in 1898, constituted aterritorial possession of United States from 1898 to 1946; granted independence
as of July 4, 1946, when they became' 'Republic of the' Philippines."
2 Includes that part of drainage basin of Red River of the North, south of the 49th
parallel, sometiml'ls considered part of Louisiana Purchafle.
3 Includes Howland, Baker, Jarvis, Midway, Kure or Ocean, Wake, and certain other
small islands; also Canton and Enderbury Islands in Phoenix Group which are under joint
use and control of United States and Great Britain.

748706--49--3

B 26-30.-AREA

AND POPULATION-CON-

TINENTAL UNITED STATES:

1790 TO 1940

AREA (SQUARE MILES)


Gross
area

YEAR

Land

POPULATION

Water

Number

I sq.Per
mile

28

29

30

of land
area

26

27

1940
1930
1920
1910
1900

(Apr.
(Apr.
(Jan.
(Apr.
(June

1)_
1) 1
1)_
15)
1)_

3,022,387
3,022,387
3,026,789
3,026,789
3,026,789

2,977,128
2,977,128
2,973,776
2,973,890
2,974,159

45,259 131,669,275
45,259 122,775,046
53,013 105 ,710,620
52,899 91,972,266
52,630 75,994,575

44.2
41.2
35.5
30.9
25.6

1890
1880
1870
1860
1850

(June
(June
(June
(June
(June

1)_
1)_
1)_
1)_
1)_

3,026,789
3,026,789
3,026,789
3,026,789
2,997,119

2,973,965
2,973,965
2,973,965
2,973,965
2,944,337

52,824 62,947,714
52,824 50,155,783
52,824 239,818,449
52.824 31,443,321
52;782 23,191,876

21.2
16.9
' 13.4
10.6
7.9

1840
1830
1820
1810
1800
1790

(June 1)_
(June 1)_
(Aug. 7)_
(Aug. 6)_
(Aug. 4)_
(Aug. 2)_

1,792,223
1,792,223
1,792,223
1,720,122
892,135
892,135

1,753,588
1,753,588
1,753,588
1,685,865
867,980
867,980

38,635
38,635
38,635
34,257
24,155
24,155

17,069,453
12,866,020
9,638,453
7,239,881
5,308,483
3,929,214

9.7
7.3
5.5
4.3
6.1
4.5

I Change in area due to remeasurement for Census of 1940.


2 Revised to include adjustments for underenumeration in Southern
States, see series B 2 and B 13.

25

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS AND MIGRATION

Data: B 31-39

Series B 31-39.-POPULATION, ANNUAL SUrvIrvIARY-SEX, AGE, AND COLOR, COt{TINENTAL


UNITED STATES: 1790 TO 1945
[Estimated population on July 1 of each year. Figures for 1917-1919 and 1940-1945, inclusive, include armed forces outside continental United States]

YEAR

Total
population,
continental
United States

Male

Female

White

31

32

33

34

AGE LAST BIRTHDAY

Nonwhite

Under 15
years

15-44
years

45-64
years

65 years
and over

35

36

37

38

39

1945 ____________
1944 ____________
1943 ____________
1942 ____________
194L ___________

139,585,518
138,083,449
136.497,049
134 J 664 ,924
133,202,873

69,648,409
69,044,777
68,303,957
67,428,074
66,750,961

69,937,109
69,038,672
68,193,092
67,236,850
66,451,912

125,027,968
123,758,8l9
122,400,655
120,800,841
119,541,397

14,557,550
14,324,630
14,096,394
13,864,083
13,661,476

35,131,818
34,558,4J.\"5
33,989.3'Sa
33 ,280 ,90n
33,008,453

1940 ____________
1939 _____ ______
1938 ____________
1937 ____________
1936 ____________

131,970,224
130 ,879 ,718
129,824,939
128,824,829
128,053,180

66,197,206
65,713,339
65,235,361
64,789,797
64,459,383

65,773,018
65,166,379
64,589,578
64,035,032
63,593,.797

118,476,051
117,524,368
116,591,855
115,706,360
115,022,229

13,494,173
13 ,35i ,350
13,233,084
13,118,469
13,030,951

1935 ____________
193L ___________
1933 ____________
1932 ____________
193L ___________

127,250,232
126,373,773
125,578,763
124,840,471
124 ,039 ,648

64,109,888
63,726,196
63,384,009
63,070,137
62,725,503

63,140,344
62,647,577
62,194,754
61,770,334
61,314,145

114,309,177
113 ,527 ,128
112,815,249
112,154 ,442
111,433,404

1930 ____________
1929 ____________
1928 ____________
1927 ____________
1926 ____________

123,076,74]
121,769,939
120,501,115
119,038,062
117,399,225

62,296,517
61,683,565
61,099,745
60,401,813
59,590,467

60,780.224
60,086,374
59,401,370
58,636,249
57,808,758

1925 ____________
1924- ___________
1923 ____________
1922 ___ _________
192L ___________

115,831,963
114,113 ,463
111. 949,945
110,054,778
108.541,489

58,819,880
57,987,433
56,863,867
55,890,766
55,291,917

1920 ____________
1919 ____________
1918 ____________
1917 ____________
1916 ____________

106,466,420
105,062,747
104,549,886
103,413,743
101,965,984

1915 ____________
1914 ____________
1913 ____________
1912 ____________
191L ___________

64.767.901
64 ;265,149

28,538,838
28,043,9.18
27,601,039
27,161,080
26,707,014

10,114,098
9,S58,136
9,660,241
9,455,038
9,222,257

32,953,177
33,119,039
33,322,314
33,572,867
33,985,787

63.737,850
63,172,904
62,608,490
62',075.732
61,597,130

26,258,281
25.823.499
25.386.440
24.918,610
24,443,440

9,020,916
8,764,276
8,507,695
8,257,620
8,026.,523

12,941,055
12,846,645
12,763,514
12,686,02 9 .
12,606,244

34,383,039
34,732,562
35,143,667
35,517,299
35,808,333

61,116,986
60,624,301
60,139,071
59,703,512
59,271,537

23,946,723
23,434,372
22,933,581
22.,173,442
22,031,099

7,803,484
7,582,538
7,362,444
7,146,218
6,928,67if

] 10,558,.880
109,385,340
108,244,896
106,938,835
105,468,958

12,517,861
12,384,599
12,256,219
12,099,227
11 ,930,267

36,002,905
36,204,944
36,293,956
36,263,355
36,097,352

58,796,748
58,014,763
57,301,616
56.551,946
55,750,748

21,571,269
21,075,221
20,607,422
20,091,735
19,589,968

6,705,819
6,475,011
6,298,121
6,131,026
5,961,157

57,012,083
56,126,030
55,086,078
54,164.012
53,249,572

104,064,679
102,512,812
100 .511 ,486
98,767,999
97,417,259

11,767,284
11 ,600 ,651
11 ,438,459
11 ,286,779
11,124,230

35,926,459
35,627,058
35,206,867
34,821,730
34,395,953

54,990,466
54,213,092
53,098,535
52,153,455
51,553,977

19,126,741
18,664,757
18,229,956
17,850,302
i 7,514,735

5,788,297
5 ,60S ,556
5,411,587
5,229,291
5,076,824

54,295,093
53,657,515
53,315,849
52,933,419
52,237,810

52,171,327
51.405,232
51,234,037
50.480,324
49,728,174

95,511 ,330
94,167,532
93,658,985
92,583,884
91,202,171

10,955,090
10,895,215
10,890,901
10,829,859
10.763,810

33,790,901
33,386,218
33,336,754
32,897,011
32,451,505

50,622,980
49,931,745
49 ~ 736,499
49,544,428
49,038,S57

17,123,293
16,862,067
16,653,702
16,260,315
15,870,7;38

4,929,246
4,882,717
4,822,931
4,711 ,989'
4,60-1,884

100,549,013
99,117,567
97,226,814
95,331,300
93.867,814

51,571,187
50,888,632
49,960,744
49,.020,264
48,291,677 .

48,977.826
48,228,935
47,266,070
46,311,036
45,576,137

89,849,643
88,482,601
86,705,114
84,924,130
83,529,037

10,699.370
10.634.966
10,521,700
10.407,170
10.338,777

32,005,195
31,561,849
30,983,807
30,418.875
30,009,110

48,555,401
48,045,172
47,287,226
46,497,R04
45,888,019

15,487,187
15,109,995
14,672,818
14,246,157
13,894,982

4,501,23(}
4,400,551
4,282,963.
4,168,464
4,075.703

1910 ____________
1909 ___
--------1908
____________
1907 ____________
1906 ____________

92,406,536
90,491,525
88.708,976
87,000,271
85,436,556

47.554,050
46,546,462
45,594,970
44,678,861
43,836,489

44,852,486
43,945,063
43,114,006
42,321,410
41,600 ;067

82,137,112
80,338,241

,~~ :g~g :~i~


75,575,461

10 ,269 ,424
10,153,284
10,049,662
9,949,722
9,861,095

29,619,395
29,176,952
28,803,958
28.457,087
28,155,966

45,247,003
44,268,951
43,314,880
42,384.168
41,516,259

13,554.667
13,168,816
12,814,357
12,479,035
12,172,12J

3,985,471
3 ,R76 ,806
3,775,781
3,679,981
3,592 202

1905 ____________
1904 ____________
1903 ____________
1902 ____________
190L ___________

83,819,666
82,164,974
80,632,152
79,160,196
77 ,585,128

42,967,789
42,082,273
41,263,005
40,479.739
39,649,489

40,851,877
40,082,701
39,369,147
38,680,457
37,935,639

74,059,249
72,516,284
71 ,087,964
69,720,627
68,270,028

9,760,417
9,648,690
9,544,188
9,439,569
9,315,100

27,831,944
27,486,288
27,169,479
26,859,040
26,497,459

40,619,131
39,704,536
38,853,181
38,038,423
37,1,,3,944

11 ,864 ,651
11 ,558 ,403
11 ,275 ,362
11 ,006,335
10,728,068

3,503,940'
3,415,747
3,334,130
3,256,398
3,175,657

1900 ____________

76,094,134

38,868,612

37,225,522

66,901,213

9,192,921

26,146,572

36,381,799

10,466,261

3,099,502

YEAR

Total
population,
continental
United States

YEAR

31

1899 __________
1898 __________
1897 __________
1896 ______ ___

74,798,612
73,493,926
72,189,240
70,884,554

1895 __________
1894 _____ ____
1893 __________
1892 __________
189L _________

69,579,868
68,275,182
66,970,496
65; 665 ,810
64,361,124

1890 __________
1889 __________
1888 __________
1887 __________
1886 __________
1885 __________
1884 __________
1883 __________
1882 __________
188L _________
1880 __________
1879 __________
1878 __________
I

COLOR

SEX

Census, August 2.

26

63,056,438
61,775,121
60,495,927
59,216,733
57,937,540
56,658,347
55,379,154
54,099,961
52,820,768
51,541,575
50,262,382
49,208,194
48,174,461

Total
population,
continental
United States

YEAR

47,140,727
46,106,994

1875 _________
1874 _________
1873 _________
1872 _________
187L ________

45,073,260
44,039,527
43,005,794
41,972,060
40,938,327

1870 _________
1869 _________
1868 _________
1861- ________
1866 _________

39,904,593
39,050,729
38,213,216
37,375,703
36,538,191'

1865 _________
1864 _________
1863 _________
1862 _________
186L ________

35,700,678
34,863,165
34,025,652
33,188,139
32,350,627

1860 _________
1859 _________
1858 _________
1851- ________
1856 _________

31,513,114
30,686,939
29,861,794
29,036,649
28,211,504

YEAR

31

31

1877 _________
1876 _________

Total
population.
continental
United States

1855 _________
1854 _________
1853 _________
1852 _________
185L ________

27,386,359
26,561,214
25,736,070
24,910,926
24,085,782

1850 _________
1849 _________
1841- ________
1848 _________
1846 _________

23,260,638
22,630,654
22,018,411
21,406,168
20,793,925

1845 _________
1844 _________
1843 _________
1842 _________
184L ________

20,181,683
19,569,441
18,957,199
18,344,957
17,732,715

1840 _________
1839 _________
1838 _________
1837_________
1836 _________

17,120,473
16,684,138
16,263,795
15,843 ,,452
15,423,108

1835 _________
1834 _________

15,002,765
14,582,422

65,800,764
65,622.910
65,2~6,435

Total
population,
continental
United States

YEAR

31

1833 _________
1832 _________
183L ________

14,162,079
13,741,735
13,321,392

1830 _________
1829 _________
1828 _________
1827 _________
1826 _________

12,901,049
12,565,145
12,236,918
11,908,691
11,580,464

1825 _________
1824 _________
1823 _________
1822 _________
182L ________

11 ,252 ,237
10,924,009
10,595,782
10,267,555
9,939,328

1820 _________
1819 _________
1818 _________
1811- ________
1816 _________

9,618,465
9,378,607
9,138,749
8,898,892
8,659,035

1815 _________
1814 _________
1813 _________
1812 _________

8,419,178
8,179,321
7,939,464
7,699,607

Total
population,
continental
United States
31

181L ________

7,459,750

1810 _________
1809 _________
1808 _________
1807 _________
1806 __ ______

7,223,787
7,030,647
6,837,507
6,644,367
6,451,227

IS05 _________
lS04 _________
1803 _________
1802 _________
180L ________

6,258,087
6,064,94T
5,871,807
5,485,528

1800 _________
1799 _________
1798 _________
1797 _________
1796 _________

5,296,990,
5,159,063
5,021,136
4,883,209
4,745,282

1795 _______ .:._


1794 _________
1793 _________
1792 _________
179L ________
1790 _________

5,678,66T

4,607,355
4,469,428
4,331,501
4,193,574
4,055,647
13,929,214

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

Data: B 40-80

Series B 40-47.-POPULATION-NONWHITE RACES: 1790 TO 1940


Total
nonwhite

YEAR

40
1940 _____
1930 _____
1920 _____
1910 _____
1900 _____

Indian

Negro

1890 _____ 7,846,456


1880 _____ 6,752,813
1870 _____ S4 ,968 ,994

7,488,676
6,580,793
4,880,009

AU
other
races 1

Japanese

Total
nonwhite
YEAR

NEGRO

Total

Free
colored

Slave

42

43

44

45

46

47

. 40

333,969
332,397
244,437
265,683
237,196

77,504
74,954
61,639
71 ,531
89,863

126,947
138,834
111,010
72,157
24,326

50,467
50,978
9,488
3,175

1860 _____ 4,520,784 4,441,830


1850 _____ ----------- 3,638,808

488,070
434,495

3,953,760
3,204,313

248,253
766,407
25,731

H)7,488
105,465
63,199

1840 _____
1830 _____
1820 _____
1810 _____
1800 _____
1790 _____

386,293
319,599
233,634
186,446
108,435
59,527

2,487,355
2,009,043
1,538,022
1,191,362
893,602
697,681

41

13,454,405 12,865,518
12,488,306 11 ,891 ,143
10,889,705 10,463,131
10,240,309 9,827,763
9,185,379 8,833,994

Chinese

-------------------------

2,039
148
55 ---------

41

---------------------------------------------------

2,873,648
2,328,642
1,771 ,656
1,377,808
1,002,037
757,208
- ..... - - ... - -'-

--

Indian

Chinese

44

---45

244,021

34,933

-------- ... ------- .. ---------- ---------

------ ------ ----------------------------- ----------------- -- .. -... ------------ ----- -_ ... -

I Comprise!! Filipino, Hindu, Korean, Polynesian, and other Asian.


2 Exclusive of Indians in Indian Territory and in Indian reservations not enumerated at censuses prior to 1890.
3 Unrevised, see series B 2, footnote 11.

Series B 48-71.-POPULATION-RACE BY REGIONS: 1790 TO 1940


[Figures for white population in 1930 have been revised to inClude Mexicans who were classified as nonwhite in 1930 reports. Figures for 1830 and 1840 exclude the
small number of persons on board ~hips, not credited to any State or territory]
THE NORTHEASTERN STATES 1

Total

YEAR

White

THE NORTH CENTRAL STATES 2

Other
races

Negro

Free
colored

Slaves

52

53

54

55

56

57

40,143,332
38,594,100
34,019;792
29,888,542
26,333,004

38,639,970
37,249,272
33,164,249
29,279,243
25,775,870

.1,420,318
1,262,234
793,075
543,498
495,751

83,044
82,594
62,468
65,801
61,383

-------------------,...------- -----------

22,410,417
17,364,111
12,981,111
9,096,716
5,403,595

21,913,813
16,961,423
12,698,503
8,899,969
5,267,988

431,112
385,621
273,080
184,239
135,607

65,492
17,067
9,528
12,508

3,351,542
1,610 ,473
859,305
292,107
51,006

3,262,195
1,568,930
841,045
285,173
50,371

89,347
41 ,543
18,260
6,934
635

49

50

51

35,976,777
34,427,091
29,662,053
25,868,573
21,046,695

34,566,768
33,244,081
28,957,919
25,360,966
20,637,888

1,369,875
1,146,985
679,234
484,176
385,020

40,134.
36,025
24,900
23,431
23,787

--------- ------------------- ------------------- ------------------- -----------

1890 ____________
1880 ____________
1870 ____________
1860 __________ -1850 ___________

17,406,969
14,507,407
12,298,730
10,594,268
8,626,851

17,121,985
14,273,844
12,117,269
10 ,438 ,028
8,477,089

269,906
229,417
179,738
156,001
149,762

15,07R
4,146
1,723
239

------------------155,983
18

1840 ____________
1830 ____________
1820 ____________
1810 ____________
1800 ____________
1790 _______ ____

6,761.082
5,542,381
4,359,916
3,486,675
2,635,576
1,968,040

6,618,758
5,417,167
4,249,192
3,384,438
2,552,510
1,900,616

142,324
125,214
110,724
102,237
83,066
67,424

149,526

236

141,559
122,434
92,723
75,156
46,696
27,070

765
2,780
18,001
27,081
36,370
40,354

White

Total

Negro

Other
races

62

61
31,658,578
28,371,969
24,132,314
20,547,420
16,521,970

9,904,619 102,704
9,361,577 124,087
8,912,231
81,358
8,749,427
92,483
7,922 ,969' , 78,588

1890 ____________
1880 ____________
1870 ____________
1860 ____________
1850 ____________

20,028,059
16,516,568
12,288,020
11 ,133 ,361
8,982,612

13,193,453
10,555,427
7,863,209
7,033,973
5,630,414

6,760,57f
5,953,903
4,420,811
4,097,111
3,352,198

1840 ____________
1830 __________ -_
1820 ____________
1810 ____________

6,950,729
5,707,848
4,419,232
3,461,099
2,621,901
1,961,174

4,308,752
3,545,.963
2,776,560
2,192,462
1,703,565
1,271,390

2,641,977
2,161,885
1,642,672
1,268,637
918,336
689,784

Free
colored

63

60
41,665,901
37,857,633
33,125,803
29,389,330
24,523,527

180Q _____ _______

colored

Slaves

58

59

-------- ---------------------- ---------------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- --------

-69:291- ii4~94848,185

87,422

30,748
15,664
6,931
3,630
500

58,604
25,879
11 ,329
3,304
135

Free
colored

Slaves

70

7I

-------- --------

THE WEST 4

1940 ____________
1930 ____________
1920 .. ___________
1910 ____________
1900 ____________

1790 ____________

Fre'l

------------ ------------ -----------

THE SOUTH I
YEAR

Other
races

Negro

--------- -----------

48

__________
1930 ____________
1920 ___ c ________
1910 ____________
1900 ____________
1940_~

White

Total

74,029
7,238
4,000
2,277

64

Slaves
65

258,346 3,838,765
235,5693,116,629
213,991
181,501
133,980
107,660
61,239
32,457

New England and Middle Atlaptic divisions.


East North Central and West North Central divisions.

White

Total

Other
races

Negro

------

69

66

67

13,883,265
11 ,896,222
8,902,972
6,825,821
4,091,349

13,349,554
11 ,421 ,418
8,566,533
6,544,328
3,873,468

170,706
120,347
78,591
50,662
30,254

68

363,005
354,457
257,848
230,831
187,627

---- - - --- ----- --------------- --------------- --------------- ._------------- --------

3,102,269
1,767,697
990,510
618,976
178,818

2,872,007
1.612,276
910,396
550,567
177,577

27,081
11 ,852
6,380
4,479
1,241

203,181
143,569
73,734
63,930

-- .. _----------------- ---------------

----

4,450
1,215

-------29
26

2,427,986
1,980,384
1,508,692
1,160,977
857,097
657,327
3 South Atlantic, East South Central, and West South Central divisions.
, Mountain and Pacific divisions.

Series B 72-80.-POPULATION-MEDIAN AGE, BY COLOR AND SEX: 1790 TO 1940


[Because of change in computation procedure, medians for 1850 to 1930 differ slightly from those published in the Population census reports
for 1930 and previous years]
WHITE /I

ALL CLASSES
YEAR

Total

Male

Female Total

Male

NONWHITE

Female Total

Male

Female

--------------- -- ---74
72
73
80
75
76
77
78
79
---- - - - - - -- 1940 _______
29.0
26.5
25.3
24.1
22.9

29.1
26.7
25.8
24.6
23.3

29.0
26.2
24.7
23.5
22.4

29.5
26.9
25.6
24.5
23.4

29.5
27.1
26.1
24.9
23.8

29.5
26.6
25.1
23.9
22.9

25.2
23.5
22.4
21.1

25.4
23.9
23.1
21.5
20.0

25.1
23.1
21.9
20.6
19.5

1890 _______ 22.0


1880 _______ 20.9
1870 _______ 20.2

22.3
21.2
20.2

21.6
20.7
20.1

22.5
21.4
20.4

22.9
21. 6
20.6

22.1
21.1
20.3

]8.4
19
18.0
18.5

18.5
17.9
18.2

18.3
18.0
18.9

1930 _______
1920 __ ____
1910 _______
_____
~

1900_~

'I

YEAR

ALL CLASSES

WHITE

Total

Male

Male

72

73

Female Total

NONWHITE

Female Total

--------------

Male

Female

-78- -79- - - -

74

75

76

77

Hl.1
18.6

19.7
19.2

20.2
19.5

19.3
18.8

17.5
17.4

17.5
17.3

17.5
17.4

17.7
17.3
16.7

17.9
17.2
16.5
J6.0
16.0

17.9
17.2
16.5
15.9
15.7
15.9

17.8
17.3
16.6
16.1
16.3

17.3
16.9
17.2

17.0
16.7
16.f!

17.5
17.1
17.4

80

------ ------- - - - - ---

1860 ______ 19.4 19.8


1850 ______ 18.9 19.2
1840 ______ 17.8 17.8
1830 ______ 17.2 17.1
1820 ______ 16.7 16.6
1810~ _____
1800 ______ ------ -----1790 ______ ------ ------

-------------

------ ------ ------- ------

--------- .. ------- ------.. ---- - ... ----------- ---- .. - -- --_ .. -------

27

Data: B 81-144

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS AND MIGRATION

Series B 81-144.-POPULATION-BY AGE AND RACE: 1790 TO 1940


[For totals, all ages, see series B 13 (all races), B 18 (white), and B 41-43 (Negro). Figures for white population in 1930 have been revised to include Mexicans who were
,
classif~ed as nonwhite in the 1930 reports]
TOTAL POPULATION-AGE LAST BIRTHDAY 1

Under
5 years

YEAR

10 to 14

5 to 9

15 to 19

20 to 24

25

to 29

30 to 34

35 to 39

40 to 44

9,545,377
9,208,645
7,775,281
6,396,100
4,964,781

8,787,843
7,990,195
6,345,557
5,2,61,587
4,247,166

45 to

49

Age
unknown

65
and OVer

50 to 54

55 to 59

60 to 54

7,256,846
5,975,804
4,734,873
3,900,791
2,942,829

5,843,865
4,645,677
3,549,124
2,786,951
2,211,172

4,728,340
3,751,221
2,982,548
2,267,150
1,791,363

----------------------------------------1----1,--81
85
83
82
84
86
87
88
92
89
90
93
94
91'
95
- - - - 1 - - - -------------------------------1---'--1----1----1------'-

1940________
1930________
1920________
1910________
1900 ________

10,541,52410,684,62211,745,93512,333,52311,587,83511,096,63810,242,388
11,444,39012,607,609 12,004,87711,552,115 10,870,378 9,833,608 9,120,421
11 ,573 ,23011,398,075 10,641,137 9,430,556 9,277,021 9,086,491 8,071,193
10,631,364 9,760,632 9,107,140 9,063,603 9,056,984 8,180,003 6,972,185
9,170,628 8,87~,123 8,080,234 7,556,089 7,335,016 6,529,441 5,556,039

181l0'_______
1880 ________
1870 ________
1860________
1850________

7'634'693 7'573'998
6,914,516 6,479,660
5,514,713 4,814,713
4,842,496 4,171,200
3,497,773 1 3,241,268

8,255,225
7,042,279
5,763,620
4,469,197
3,454,612

7,033,509 6,557,563 6.196.676 5.227,77714,578,630 3,866,161 3,185,518 2,731,640 2,326,262 1,672,336 1,458,034 2,417,288 162,165
5,715,1865,011,415 5,087,772 4,080,621/3,368,943/3,000,419 2,468,811/2,089,445 1,839,88311,271,434 1,104,219 1,723,459 _________ _
4,786,189 4,040,588 3,748,299 3,075,118 2,562,829 2,314,976 1,939,712 1,578,932 1,367,969
876,552
778,971 1 1,153,649
5,161
3,720,7~0 3,361,495
5,726,400
,4,021,248
2,614,330
1,585,879
1,347,982
51,511
2,890,629 2,529,792
4,277,318
2,825,819
1,846,660
1,109,540
958,792
1 14,285
WHITE POPULATION-AGE LAST BIRTHDAY l

YEAR

9,019,314 _________ _
6,633,805
94,022
4,933,215 148,699
3,949,524 169,055
3,080,498 200,584

5U~&
years

5 to 9

10 to 14

15 to 19

20 to 24

25 to 29

30 to 34

35 to 39

40 to 44

45 to 49

96

97

98

99

100

101

102

103

104

105

50 to 54

55 to 59

60 to 64

andM
over

~
unknown

106

107

108

109

110

----1----1---- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ---'1940________ 9,229,505 9,328,951 10,352,695 10,964,047 10,340.,149 9,90.4,270 9,206,478 8,516,66o 7,936,083 7,532,756 6,680.,30.7 5,426,845 4,416,693 8,379,431 .. __ .. _...... _193L ______ 10.,142,169 11,161,663 10,694,424 10,248,779 9,612,669 8,708,998 8,210,912 8,278,268 7,266,892 6,381,570 5,445,743 4,319,301 3,496,777 6,239,973
78;602
1920________ 10,373,921 10,087;245 9,369,322 8,314,155 8,185,341 8,141,690 7,338,790 6,965,805 5,755,547 5,188,04o 4,,317,266 3,305,671 2,771,433 4,583,0.26 123,663
1910 ________
9,322,914 8,475,173 7,918,408 7,968,391 7,986,411 7,257,136 6,267,276 5,731,845 4,780,272 4,061,06 2 3,555,313 2,564,20 6 .2,0.69,323 3,640.,00.3
1900 ________ 7,919,952 7,638,326 6,959,238 6,543,189 6,335,044 5,762,980 5,0.04,444 4,460,575 3,852,143 3,105,678 2,633,981 2,021,217 1,620,658 2,80.6,719

1890 2_______ 6,579,648 6;473,168 5,991,972


1880. ________ 5,800,151 5,442,419 4,880,531
1870 ________ 4,719,792 4,151,715 4,136,461
1860.. ______ 4,117,445 3,528,0.98 3,113,753
1850________ 2,896,458 2,704,128 2,402,129

134,224

145,0.52

,1,675,347 5,448,467 4,646,687 4,144,832 3,439,930 2,865,648 2,449,220 2,090.,949 1,531,659 1,323,110 2,20.2,112
4,351,650 4,402,472 3,541,701 2,979,254 2,648,492 2,190.,735 1,861,892 1,627,892 1,154,915
977,308 1,543,558
3,511,036 3,235,028 2,681,552 2,265,065 2,047,320 1,715,255 1,406,615 1,204,243
794,771
686,679 1,030.,782
2,852,581
4,917,349
2,282,332
1,399,675
1,182,555
3,503,591
3,627,561
1,588,788
958,171
819,871
2,128,716
2,416,939

184D
2 474 nA<) 2 I'I1Il 001l ~11 ,'37~0186,'5196DDI -11,''"1!'i6498,'43-52091
1830.======== 1;894;91411;532;816

2,576.043
1,874,898

1,0.38,789

1,645,572
1,148,066

3,0.63
25,158

10.,807

560.,370.
4.20,840

619,390
452,788

723,886

121,141

6,100

11

19n

.I.~,~t:lV

NEGRO POPULATION-AGE LAST BIRTHDAY 1


YEAR

Under
5 years

5 to 9

10 to 14

15 to 19

20 to 24

25 to 29

30 to 34

35 to 39

40. to 44

45 to 49

50 to 54

55 to 59

60. to 64

65
and over

Age
unknown

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

- - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -992,879
- - -985,833
- - - 815,096
- - - 692,807
- - -550,435
- - -397,219
- - -295,904
- - -615,942
----1940________ 1,249,080. 1,294,546 1,330,660 1,304,606 1,195,227 1,145,284
-- .. 13,731
_-----1930 ________ 1,230,206 1,368,381 1,251,542 1,250,528 1,203,191 1,071,787
687,423
630,0.65
504,590
242,169
372,719
864,514
890,900
30.9,397

1920 _______ c 1,143,699 1,266,207 1,236,914 1,083,215 1,054,847


1910 ________ 1,263,288 ' 1,246,553 1,155,266 1,060,416 1,030,795
1900.. ______ 1,215,655 1,202,758 1,0.91,990
982,022
969,172
1890 2_______ 31,0.47,574 8J ,093 ,494 s 1,0.33,701
1880 1_______ 1,114,365 1,037,241
834,655
1870.. ______
791,421
659,831
645,311
1860 ________
637,806 . 601,647
719,084
1850 ________
537,140
488,500
601,315
Free colored:
'1860 ______
61,857
65,918
60,399
1850 ______
58,052
52,308
60,821
Slave:
1860 ______
575,949
541,248
653,166
1850 ______
479,088
540,494
436,192

871,118
659,765
520,550
501,593
401,076

909,739
881,227
737,479

697,865

668,0.89
524,607

773,931
633,449
474,687

559,701
455,413
367,216

551,589
385,909
326,384

399,110

AGE LAST
BIRTHDAY

1820

35,813

-- .. --_ .. 28---"
26,258
3,978

61,732
55,225

44,726
37,940

27,991
24,353

26,966
24,169

172
286

448,846
357,282

698,041
572,210

438,866
353,655

279,793
219,932

155,702
127,016

136,063
114,752

26,0.86

1810 11800'

1790
(male)

16 and over _________ 4,018,258 2,928,882 2,149,660 814,942


16 to 25 __________ 1,557,521 1,109,265
794,453 -- ... ---- ... -26 to 44 __________ 1,502,883 1,116,503
844,449 ---------45 and oV& _______
957,854
510,758 ---------703,114

133

Age unknown _______

-----_ ...... --

766

3,692

NEGRO POPULATION

128

------- ... --

1 In 1890, age at nearest birthday.


2 Exclusive of Indian Territory and Indian reservations with a population of 325,464 not distributed by age, of whom 117,368 were whites
and 18,636 were Negroes. These areas were not enumerated prior to 1890.
S Estimates based on total Negroes under 15 years old and age distribution o~ nonwhites ..
I Nonwhlte populatIOn. Age not tabulated for Negroes In 1880
separate from other minor races.
5 Age detail partly estimated.

28

23,50.3
31,040
48,811

85,562
77,547

129
130
131
132

4,848

332,713
294,124
261,363

52,747
43,794

Under 16 ___________ 3,843,691 2,933,191 2,156,020 800,492


Under 10 _________ 2,625,770 2,016,684 1,489,081
10 to 15 __________ 1,217,921
916,507
666,939 ----------

126
127

200,118
186,50.2
161,687

499,679
268,320.
211,684
409,977
70.7,581
278,076
227,553
211,991
116,519
126,911
179,90.1
389,689
351,927
168,968
161.362
216,820
80,857
91,314
284,749
258,838
122,058
324,519
183,693
163,029
500,598
257,872
151,369
138,921
408,880

559,551
731,548
685,300
538,920
498,854
379,048
783,603
649,757

WHITE POPULATION

Series No.

229,980
209,622
179,176

326,0.70.
290.,987

SIlries No.

AGE LAST
BIRTHDAY

Total
1840

Free colored
1830

1840

797,167
712,554
431,562
277,365
109,994

111,346
109,397
77 ,003
58,635
29,912

1830.

Slave
1840

1830

844,049
781,323
475,111
284,464

701,163
621,337
371,371
230,767

102,40.8

84,405

----1--------1,----1---- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 134
135
136
137
138
139

Series No.
140
141
142
143
144

Under 10_____________
955,395
10 to 23..____________
890,720
24 to 35______________
552,114
36 to 5L____________
343,099
55 and-ovel'___________
132,320
Age unknown __________________ _
AGE LAST
BIRTHDAY

Und& 14 ____________ _
14 to 25 _____________ _
26 to 44 _____________ _
45 andover __________ _
Age unknown ________ _

Total, 1820
763,747
456,372
367,156
184,381

96,0.0.4

91,217
60,191
46,598
25,589

Free colored, 1820


93,551
52,848
50,741
36,494

Slave 1820
670,196

403,524
316,415
147,887

POPU LATION CHARACTERISTICS

pata: B 145-181

Series B 145-159.-POPULATION-URBAN SIZE-GROUPS AND RURAL TERRITORY:


1790 TO 1940
URBAN TERRITORY, POPULATION IN GROUPS OF PLACES

-Places of 100,000
inhabitants or
more

Urban, total

Places of 50,000
to 100,000
inhabitants

Places of 25,000
to 50,000
inhabitants

Places of 10,000
to 25,000
inhabitants

Places of 5,000
to 10,000
inhabitants

Places of 2,500
to 5,000
inhabitants

Rural
territory,
population

YEAR

Number
of
places l

-1940 ____

Population

Number
of
places

146

147

145

Population

Number
of
places

148

149

1930 ____
1920 ____
1910 ____
1900 ____

3,464
3,165
2,722
2,262
1,737

74,423,702
68,954,823
54,157,973
41,998,932
30,159,9Z1

92
93
68
50
38

37,987,989
36,325,736
27,429,326
20,302,138
14,208,347

1890 ____
1880 ____
1870 ____
1860 ____
1850 ____

1,348 22,106,265
939 14,129,735
663 9,902,361
392 6,216,518
236 3,543,716

28
20
14
9
6

9,697,960
6,210,909
4,129,989
2,638,781
1,174,668

1840 ____
1830 ____
1820 ____
181o ____
1800 ____
179o ____
1

131
90
61
46
33
24

Population

Number
of
p!aces

150

151

7,343,917
6,491,448
5,265,408
4,178,915
2,709,338

107
98
76
59
40

213
185
143
119
82

30 2,027,569
947,918
15
768,238
11
452,060
7
4
284,355

Population

Number
of
places

152

153

7,417,093
6,425,693
5,075,041
4,023,397
2,800,627

665
606
465
369
280

66 2,268,786
42 1,446,366
27
930,119
670,293
19
16
611 ,328

1,845,055
517,216
187,048
3
2
1,127,247
1
202,589
222.474
3
693,255
123,706
126,540
1
2
150,095
525,459 -------- ---------2
322,371 --- ... ---- ----- .. ---1
60,515
201,655 -------- ---------- -------- ---------

7
3
2
2
2

Number
of
places

154

155

9,966,898
9,097,200
7,034,668
5,548,868
4,338,250

230 3,451,258
146 2,189,447
116 1,709,541
58
884,433
36
560,783

235,424
105,243
70,474
80,342
67,734
61,653

Population

25
16
8
7
3
3

404,822
240,371
121,613
108,980
54,479
48,182

965
851
715
605
465

Number
of
places

p()pulation

Population

156

157

158

6,681,894
5,897,156
4,967,625
4,217,420
3,204,195

1,422
1,332
1,255
1,060
832

5,025,911
4,717,590
4,385,905
3,728,194
2,899,164

40,841,4~

654 2,277,{)07
467 1,617,9i9 36,026,048
309 1,086,329 28,656,010
594,515 25,226,803
163
89
316,496 19,648,160

340 2,383,685
249 1,717,146
186 1,278,145
136
976,436
85
596,086
48
33
22
17.
15
7

159
57,245,573
53,820,223
51,552,647
49,973,334
45,834,654

328,744
230,859
155,035
116,271
94,394
47,569

46
34
26
18
12
12

171,801
125,711
95,887
69,771
45,249
44,251

15,224,398
11 ,738 ,773
8,945,198
6,714,422
4,986,l1Z

3,727,559

For treatment of places on State boundaries, see text.

SeriesB 160-164.-POPULATION-RuRAL SIZEGROUPS: 1890 TO 1940

Series B 165-170.-POPULATION-FARM AND NONFARM,


URBAN AND RURAL: 1910 TO 1940

RURAL INCORPORATED PLACES OF-

Rural
population,
total 1

YEAR

160
1940 _____
1930 _____
1920 _____
1910 _____
1900 _____

1,000 to 2,500
inhabitants

'~~la~:~ 21
161

Under 1,000
inhabitants

Population

162

Number
of places

YEAR

' PopulatiDn

163

164

57,245,573
53,820,223
51,552,647
49,973,334
45,834,654

3,205
3,087
3,032
2,720
2,128

5,026,834
4,820,707
4,714,490
4,238,498
3,297,839

10,083
10,346
9,825
9,112
6,802

4,315,843
4,362,746
4,254,751
3,930,651
3',003,694

1890 _____ 40,841,449

1,603

2,508,642

4,887

2,249,332

--------f---------I----------I---------4----------I---------II--------1940 _____
1930 _____
1920~ ____
1910 _____
1
2

30,546,911
330,723 30,216,188 101,122,364 74,092,979 27,029,385
30,445,350
287,837 130,157,513 92,329,696 68,666,986 123,662,710
31,614,269
221,007 31,393,262 74,096,351 53,936,966 20,159,385
232,076,960 ___ ;. __________________ '59,895,306 _____________________ _

Partly estimated.
Estimated.

1 Includes population in unincorporated rural territory.


, For treatment of places located on State boundaries, see text.

Series B 171-181.-POPULATION-FAMILIES, BY FARM RESIDENCE, RACE, AND SEX OF


HEAD: 1790 TO 1940
For current usage of family terms, see text, Figures for white population in 1930 have been revised to include Mexicans who were classified as nonwhite in the 1930 reports
ALL FAMILIES
YEAR

Population
per
family S

Fal'm
families

Nonfarm
families

White
families

Negro
families

171

172

171

17:l

175

176

177

12,690,152
9,945,916
7,579,363
5,210,934
3,598,240
557,889

3.15
3.40
------4~23-

4.48

5.43

3.77
4.11
4.34
4.54
4.76
4.93
5.04
5.09
5.28
5.55
5.79

7,074,345 427,874,321 31,679,766


6,604,637 23,300,026 26,982,994
6,751,204 17,600,472 21,825,654
6,123,610 14,131,945 ----------5,689,838 10,274,127 14,063,791
4,767,179

1 Statisticg for 1790, 1900, 1930 and 1940 represent private families only; those
for 1850 to 1890, 1910, and 1920 include the small number of institutions and other
quasi households which were counted as families in those years.

2 Statistics for 1930, and 1940 include the family head and his relatives only;
those for 1890 and 1900 include all persons, whether related to the head or not, in
both private and quasi households; those for 1790 relate to private families only but
include lodgers and other nonrelatives in addition to the head and hi'! relatives.

SEX OF HEAD

RACE

Median
size of
family 2

1940 ___________________ 34,948,666


1930 ___________________ 29,904,663
1920 ___________________ 24,351,676
1910 ___________________ 20,255,555
1900 ___________________ 15,963,965
1890 ___________________
1880_ __ __ ___ __ _________
1870 ___________________
1860 & _________________
1850 6 _________________
1790 6 _________________

FARM RESIDENCE

Number
of
families 1

7,922,973 11,255,169

3,141,883
2,803,756
2,430,828
2,173,018
1,833,759
1,410,769

Other
races
178 '

Male

Female

Median
age of
head

179

180

181

127,017 29,679,718 5,268,948


46.06
117,913 26,111,761 3,792,902 544.45
95,194 -------- ... -- ----------- --------

----66:415- 14:042:546- -i:92r41ii24,214 10,857,249

1,832,903

--42~99-

42.55

8 Obtained by dividing total population (total free population in 1790, 1850, and
1860) by number of families; hence not strictly average size of private families
because total population includes an appreciable number of persons who are members of quasi households.
Nonfarm families in 1930 and 1940 include the small number of urban-farm
families.
5 Based on white and Negro families for which marital status of head was reported.
6 Free population only.

29

Data: B 182-214

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS AND MIGRATION

Series B 182-194.-INTERNAL Iv.IIGRATION-INTERSTATE MOVEMENT OF NATIVE POPULATION"


AND NUMBER OF THE FOREIGN BORN: 1850 TO 1940
FOREIGN BORN

NATIVE

With State of birth reported


Born in Rtate of
Born in other States
residence

Total

Total
population

Percent
of total
population

YEAR

Number
182

183

Number

Percent
of total
population

185

186

State of
birth
Percent Percent
not
of total of native reported
popula- population
tion

Number

192

193

122,169
130,677
92,863
67,911
67,151

11,594,896
14,204,149
13,920,692
13,515,886
10,341,276

8.8
11.6
13.2
14.7
13.6

9,249,547
322
10,010
20.8 396,652
6,679,943
22. ] --------51
291
5,567,229
51
12,262
169
23.2
2,618 24.136,175
49,265 --------24.7
34,662 ------ ... -- --------- 22,244,602
24.0

14.8
13.3
14.4
15.0
11.2

92,599,819
82,677,619
71,071,013
61,185,305
51,901,722

70.3
67.3
67.2
66.5
68.3

26,915,921
25,388,100
20,274,450
16,910,114
13,501,045

20.4
20.7
19.2
18.4
17.8

22.4
23.4
22.1
21. 6
20.6

1890 _______ 162,622,250


1880 _______ 50,155;783
1870 _______ 38,558,371
1860 _______ 227,489,561
1850 _______ 219,987,563

53,372,703
43,475,840
32,991,142
223,353,386
2 17 ,742,961

85.2
86.7
85.6
85.0
88.8

41,871 ,611
33,882,734
25,321,340
17,527,069
13,457 ;049

66.9
67.6
65.7
63.8
67.3

11,094,108
9,5!:l2,764
7,657,320
5,774,434
4,251,250

17.7
19.1
19.9
21.0
21.3

1 Exclusive of population of Indian Territory and Indian reservations, specially


enumerated in 1890, with a native population of 325,451 not distributed by State
of birth and a foreign-born population of 13. These areas were not enumerated
prior to 1890.

194

191
156,956
136,032
38,020
7,365
2,923

91.2
88.4
86.8
85.3
86.4

187

Percent
0; total
population

190

189

120,074,379
108,570,897
91,789,928
78,456,380
65,653,299

184

Number

279,514.
238,469
313,582
285,685
180,458

188

194('-- _____ 131,669,275


1930 _______
1920 _______ 122,775,046
1910 _______ 105,710,620
91,972,266
1900 _______ 75,994,575

-----

Born in American
outlying citizens
born
posses- abroad
or
sions
at sea

White and free colored population only.

Series B 195-204.-INTERNAL MIGRATION--:-NATIVE POPULATION, EAST-WEST


MOVEMENT: 1870 TO 1940
[Excludes the small number of. persons born outside continental United States and persons for whom Stat!' of birth was not reported]
BORN EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER

YEAR

Native,
born in
United
States

195
1940 ________________ 119,515,740
1930 ________________ 108 ,065 ,71!l
1920 ________________ 91,345,463
1910 ________________
;419
1900 ________________ 78,095
65,402,767
1890 ________________
52,965,719
1880 ________________ 43,475,498
1870 ________________
32,978,660

BORN WlllST OF "THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER 1

Total

Living
east

Net gain of
States west
of the
Mi'3Sissippi
Riv!!r 2

Living east

Living west.
Number

Percent of
total born
east
199

Total

Living
west

Number

Percent of
total born
west
203

204

196

197

198

200

201

202

84,552,345
77,755,710
67,487,718
58,981,669
51, ]63,588

79,900,946
72,609,788
62,259,868
53,704,790
46,651,491

4,651,399
5,145,922
5,227,850
5,276,879
4,512,097

5.5
6.6
7.7
8.9
8.8

34,963,395
30,310,009
23,857,745
19,113,750
14,239,179

33,042,998
28,661,177
22,818,840
18,428,977
13,720,636

1,920,397
1,648 R32
1 ,03R ,905
684,773
518,543

5.5
5.4
4.4
3.6
3.6

2,731,002
3,497,090
4,188,945
4,592; 106
3,993,554

43,267,325
37,196,027
29,518,843

3R ,906,809
33,685,290
27,084,122

4,360,516
3,510,737
2,434,721

10.1
9.4
8.2

9,698,394
6,279,471
3,459,817

9,416,035
6,069,112
3,324,048

282,359
210,359
135,769

2.9
3.3
a.9

4,078,157
3,300,378
2,298,952

l
1 The entire States of Minnesota and Louisiana have been treated as lying west
of the Mississippi River.

2 Excess of persons born east and living west of the Mississippi over persons
born west and living east.

Series B 205-214.-:-INTERNAL MIGRATION-NATIVE POPULATION, NORTH-SOUTH


MOVEMENT: 1870 TO 1940
(Excludes persons born or living in the West and small number of native persons born outside continental United States and persons for whom State of birth was
not reported]
BORN IN THE NORTH

YEAR

Native, born
or living in
North or in
South

205
194(L _______________ _10.6,812,818
1930 ________________
97,746,825
1920 ________________ 83,852,590
1910 ________________ 72,581,780
1900 ________________
62,098,675
1890 ________________
50,706,023
1880 ________________
42,183,329
1870 ________________
32,291,720

Total

Living in
the Nor-th

Number

Percent of
total born
in the North

Living in the North

209

Total

Living in
the South

Number

Percent of
total born
in the South
213

Net gain
01 the
North 2

206

207

208

210

211

212

64,637,806
59,468,321
51,341,156
43,975,391
37,941,559

62,562,327
57,590,129
49,619,807
42,526,162
36,920,109

2,075,479
1,878,192
1,721,349
1,449,229
1,021,450

3.2
3.2
3.4
3.3
2.7

42,175,012
38,278,504
32,511,434
28,606,389
24,157,116

38,718,033
34,981,175
30,359,885
27,079,282
22,861,263

3,456,979
3,297,329
2,151,549
1,527,107
1,295,853

8.2
8.6
6.6
5.3
5.4

1,381,500
1,419,137
430,200
77,878
274,403

31,016,121
25,480,443
19,655,131

30,380,527
25,006,653
19,356,833

635,594
473,790
298,298

2:0
1.9
1.5

19,689,902
16,702,886
12,636,589

18,554,282
15,590,078
11,585,836

1,135,620
1,112,808
1,050,753

5.8
6.7
8.3

500,026
639,018
752,455

1 The North: New England, Middle Atlantic, East North Central, and West
North Central divisions. The South: South Atlantic, East South Central, and West
South Central divisions.

30

BORN IN THE SOUTH 1

Living in the South

214

2 Excess of persons born in the South and living in the North over persons born
in the North and living in the South.

Series B 2IS-230.-INTERREGIONALMOVEMENT-NATIVE vVHITE AND NONWHITE POPULATION: 1890 TO 1940


[Excludes the small number of native persons born outside continental United States and persons for whom State of birth was not reported. Figures for white population in 1930 have been revised
to include Mexicans who were classified as. nonwhite in the 1930 reports. For census divisions and States comprising each region, see data and text of series B 48-71J
-

-----_

..

_-----'--

NATIVE WHITE

Born in the specified region


REGION

Total

Living in other
regions
Percent

Number
215

216

217

Born in other
regions

Total

Percent

Number

218

219

220

221

Net gain (+)


or loss (-)
through
interregional movement

--

222

Born in the specified region

B orn In
.
and living
in the
specified
region

Living in other
region

Total

Number

Percent

224

225

223

Living in the 'p"illod region


Born in other
T
I
region
ota
Number
Percent

10.4
7.7
13.8
10.0
6.0

95,215,441 106,325,345 11,109,904


27,157,925 28,351,031
1,193,106
32,452,201
35,189,325 2,737,124
28,806,344
30,959,202 2,152,858
11,825,787
5,026,816
6,798,971

10.4
4.2
78
7,0
42.5

:::i:062,172
-2,477,412
-1,051,189
+4,590,773

13,190,395 1,680,858
44,995
643,893
71 ,667
774,070
11 ,460,300 1,548,611
312,132
15,585

12.7 11,509,537 13,190,395 1,680,858


704,704
7.0
598,898
1,303,602
9.3
702,403
1,486,039
783,636
13.5 9,911,689
9,975,247
63,558
5.0
296,547
425,507
128,960

12.7
54.1
52.7
0.6
30.3

10.5
8.3
13.5
9.7
6.5

85,844,660
24,894,144
29,973,528
25,596,061
5,380,927

95,904,770 10,060,110
25,985,999 1,091,855
32,803,659 2,830,131
27,519,973
1,923,912
9.595,139 4,214,212

10.5
4.2
8.6
7.0
43.9

---=i~ 160,387
-1,857,129
-,825,077
+3,842,593

12,160,949 1,558,429
466,188
40,144
70,379
627,139
10,815,238 1,430,124
252,384
17,782

12.8 10,602,520 12,160,949 1,558,429


42,6,044
8.6
1,063,962
637,918
11.2
556,760
1,317,635
760,875
13.2
9,385,114 9,444,998
59,884
7.0
284,602
99,752
334,354

12.8
60.0
57.7
0.6
29.8

10.1
9.0
12.9
8.3
6.7

72.563.235
21,274,699
26,060,963
21,466,605
3,760,968

80,721,625
22,071,815
28,440,445
23,213,613
6,995,752

8,158,390
797,116
2,379,482
1,747,008
3,234,784

10.1
3.6
8.4
7.5
46.2

:::i~295, 793
-1,474,126
-195,760
+2,965,679

10,623,838
312,033
468,294
9,676,149
167,362

878,583
30,498
52,676
782,869
12,540

8.3
9.8
11.2
8.1
7.5

9,745,255 10,623,838
281,535
631,667
415,618
833,474
8,893,280 8,943,221
154,822
215,476

878,583
350,132
417,856
49,941
60,654

8.3
55.4
50.1
0.6
28.1

9.9
9.8
12.2
7.5
5.5

61,361,087
18,034,556
22,385,265
18,326,236
2,615,030

68,070,294
18,644,194
24,474,343
19,768,021
5,183,736

6,709,207
609,638
2,089,078
1,441,785
2,568,706

9.9
3.3
8.5
7.3
49.6

:::i~346 ,897
-1,023,508
--46,839
+2,417,244

10,025,125
258,976
431,084
9,195,395
139,670

521,908
21,835
46,955
442,349
10,769

5.2
8.4
10.9
4.8
7.7

9,503,217 10,025,125
23,7,141
468,279
384,129
590,454
8,753,046 8,798,720
U:8,901
167,672

521,908
231,138
206,325
45,674
38,771

5.2
49.4
34.9
0.5
23.1

8.8
11.1
8.6
7.0
4.8

51,407,811
15,375,060
19,374,439
14,924,786
1,733,526

56,375,811
15,827,604
21,539,054
15,928,770
3,080,383

4,968,000
452,544
2,164,615
1,003,984
1,346,857

8.8
2.9
10.0
6.3
43.7

-"':i:471 ,262
+337,284
-126,274
+1,260,252

9,026,956
217,525
407,345
8,287,082
115,004

409,732
15,084
37,228
350,572
6,848

4.5
6.9
9.1
4.2
6.0

8,617,224
202,441
370,117
7,936,510
108,156

9,026,956
381,872
543,228
7,971,600
130,256

409,732
179,431
173,111
35,090
22,100

4.5
47.0
31.9
0.4
17.0

10.5
13.8
6.9
11.8

40,749,303
12,838,862
15,394,203
11 ,402,043
1,114,195

45,515,130
13,119,190
17,732,932
12,500.504
2,162.504

4,765.,827
280,328
2,338,729
1,098,461
1,048,309

10.5
2.1
13.2
8.8
48.5

7,450,589
179,486
315,293
6,915,715
40.095

564,853
12,654
23,750
526,612
1,837

7.6
7.1
7.5
7.6
4.6

6,885,736
H;6,832
291,543
6,389,103
38,258

7,450,589
262,082
435,769
6,697,128
55,610

564,853
95,250
144,226
308,025
17,352

7.6
36.3
33.1
4.6
31. 2

3.4

:::1 ~ 776: 733


+1.189,660
-421,491
+1.008,564

Netgain (+)
or loss (-)
through interregional
movement

----:226
228
229
227
230
- - - - - - - - - - ------ - - - -----

---,-

1940
United States ________ 106,325,345 11,109,904
The Northeastern States-_ 29,413,203 2,255,278
The North Central States_ 37,666,737 5,214,536
The South _______________ 32,010,391 3,204,047
The West ________________
7,235,014
436,043
1930
United States ________ 95,904,770 10,060,110
The Northeastern States_. 27,146,386 2,252,242
The North Central States_ 34,660,788 4,687,260
The South ____________ - -- 28,345,050 2,748,989
The WesL _______________
5,752,546
371,619
1920
United States ________ 80,721,625 8,158,390
The Northeastern States __ 23,367,608 2,092,909
The North Central States_ 29,914,571 3,853,608
The South _________ - - ---- 23,409,373 1,942,768
The WesL ______________
4,030,073
269,105
1910
United States ________ 68,070,294 6,709,207
The Northeastern States -_ 19,991,091 1,956,535
TheN orth Central States_ 25,497,851 3,112,586
The South ______________ 19,814,860 1,488,624
The West __________ " _____
2,766,492
151,462
1900
United States ________ 56,375,811 4,968,000
The Northeastern States __ 17,298,866 1,923,806
The N ortn Central States _ 21,201,770 1,827,331
The South ____________ - __ 16,055,044 1,130,258.
The WesL ___________ - __
1,820,131
86,605
1890
United States ________ 45,515,130 4,765,827
The Northeastern States __ 14,895,923 2,057,061
The North Central States_ 16,543,272 1, 149 ,069
The South _______________ 12,921,995 1,519,952
The West _______________
39,745
1,153,940

NATIVE NONWHITE

Living in the specified region

Born in
and living
in the
specified
region

--+659 ~709
+711.969
-1,485,053
+113,375
--+597~ 774

+690,496
-1,370,240
+81,970
--+319:634
+365,180
-732,928
+48,114
~

--+209~303

+159,370
-396,675
+28,002

txj

--+i64~347

+135,883
-315,482
+15,252
--- +82~596
+120,476
-218,587
+15,515

1-3
~

~t'-l
~

1-3
~

Series B 231-236.-INTERNAL MIGRATION-MOVEMENT OF FARM POPULATION: 1910 TO 1945


[All figures in thousands]

YEAR

CO
.....

Farm
population
on
Jan. 1

Change
through
natural
increase

231

232

Change
through
Departures
change in
for nonclassification
farm areas 2 of residence

CHANGE THROUGH MIGRATION

Net farmnonfarm
migration
233

Arrivals
from non
farm areas

235

234

1945 ____________ - __
1944 __________ - - - __
1943 ___________ - - __
1942 _______________
194L ______________

25,190
25,521
26,659
29,048
29,988

354
345
355
390
417

+1,306
-676
-1,493
-2,779
-1,357

2,578
917
1,094
819
814

1940 _______________
1939 _______________
1938 _______________
1937 ___________ - --1936 _______________

30,269
30,480
30,620
30,906
31,377

400
410
405
375
363

-681
-491
-420
-529
-690

690
805
823
872
719

1,371
1,296
1,243
1,401
1,409

1935 ______ - ________


1934 _____________ ;:_
1983 ____

331,801
31,945
32.,033

375
383
375

-642
-415
-482

825
783
951

1,467
1,198
1,433

YEAR

236

1,272 -----------1,593 -----------2,587 -----------3,598 -----------2,171 ------------

--------=130-125
-132
-144
-157

-112

+19

Change
through
natural
increase

Net farmnonfarm
migration

Arrivals
from nonfarm areas I

231

232

233

234

1932 _______________
193L ______________
1930 _______________
1929 __________ ._____
1928 _____ ---- ______
1927 _______________
1926 _______________

31,028
30,485
30,169
30,220
30,188
30,170
30,619

398
387
377
426
454
475
458

+325
-79
-325
-477
....:422
-457
-907

1925 _______________
1924 _______________
1923 _______________
1922 _______________
192L ______________
1920 _______________
1910_ .________

30,830
30.817
31,130
31,749
31,763
131,614
432,077

491
500
494
518
550
485

-702
-487
-807
-1,137
-564
-336

(5)

Change
through
Departures
change in
for nonclassification
farm areas 2 of residence

CHANGE THROUGH MIGRATION

Farm
population
on
Jan. 1

(5)

236

235

+282
+235
+264

1,544
1,683
1,740
1,604
1,698"1,705
1,427

1,219
1,762
2,065
2,081
2,120
2,162
2,33 L!

1,336
1,581
1,355
1,115
759
560

2,038
2,068
2,162 2,252 1,323

(fi)

-'
-

(5) 896

1============

1 For 1940 and subsequent years, includes persons returning from the armed forces.
2 For 1940 and subsequent years, includes (a) inductions and enlistments into the armed forces, and (b) persons who have not
moved but who are no longer in the farm population because agricultural operations have ceased on the plac4~ where they are living.
I Census enumeration.
C Estimated by the Bureau of the Census.
S Not available.

t1
~
~

t:J:1
N

I-'

Clt

, I

I~

Data: B 237-363

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS ANP MIGRATION

Series B 237-278.-CITIZENSHIP-CITIZENSHIP STATUS OF THE POPULATION


(CENSUS): 1890 TO 1940
[PriElr to 1000, the citizenship inquiry of the Population Census was restricted to males 21 years old and over. For numbers of aliens naturalized each year,
see serIes B 337-349]
21 YEARS OJ,,!) AND OVER

ALL AGES

Foreign-born population
YEAR

Total
population

Native
population

INatmal-I Having I

Total

. d
lZe .

first
papers

No
papers

Foreign-born population

Unknown
citizenship

Native
Total
population population

I
238

239

Having
first
papers

lZed

No
papers

Iknown
Uncitizenship

Both sexes

Both sexes
237

IN~tmru-I

Total

240

241

242

243

244

246

245

247

248

249.

250

1940 _____ 131,669,275 120,074,379 11,594,896 7,280,265 924,524 2,555,128 834,979 83,996,629 72,703,808 11,292,821 7,159,643 910,416 2,424,976 797,786
1930 _____ 122,775,046 108,570,897 14,204,149 7,919,536 1,266,419 4,518,341 499,853 72,943,624 59,607,271 13,336,353 7,681,681 1,237,255 3,946,176 471,241
1920 _____ 105,710,620 91,789,928 13,920,692 6,489,883 1,222,553 5,406,780 801,476 60,886,520 48,200,127 12,686,393 6,218,801 1,197,698 4,529,756 '740,138
Male

Male
251

254

253

252

255

256

257

259

258

261

260

263

262

264

1940 _____
1930 _____
1920 _____
1910 _____
1900:. ____
1890 _____

66,061,592
62,137,080
53,900;431
47,332,277
38,816,448
32,237,101

59,939,945 6,121,647 4,137,027 581,713


54,489,990 7,647,090 4,365,403 955,942
46,224,996 7,675;435 3,449,547 1,137,021
39,664,529 7,667,748 --------- --------33,186,258 5,630,190
-----_ ... - ... -- ---------- ---_ .... _--- ---------

5,969,588 4,076,207 574,296 942,855 376,230


7,218,977 4,247,704 939,875 1,800,295 231,103
7,063,594 3,320,226 1,119,982 2,259,310 364,076
6,780,214 3,038,303 571 ,521 2,390,426 779,964
5,010,286 2,848,807 412,271 1,014,219 734,989
4,348,459 2,545,753 236,061 1,189,452 377,193

1,008,071 394,836 42,004,816 36,035,228


2,081,710 244,035 37,056,757 29,837,780
2,695,042 393,825 31,403,370 24,339,776
--------- ------- 26,999,151 20,218,937
21,134,299 16,124,013
--------- ------- 16,940,311 12,591,852

Female

265

266

267

Female

268

1940 _____ 65,607,683 60,134,434 5,473,249 3,143,238


1930 ___ .:_ 60,637,966 54,080,907 6,557,059 3,554,133
1920 _____ 51,810.,189 45,564,932 6,245,257 3,040,336

269

270

272

271

273

274

275

276

277

278

336,120 1,482,121 421,556


297,380 2,145,881 240,138
77,716 2,270,446 376,062

342,811 1,547,057 440,143 41,991,813 36,668,580 5,323,233 3,083,436


310,477 2,436,631 255,818 35,886,867 29,769,491 6,117,376 3,433,977
85,532 2,711,738 407,651 29,483,150 23,860,351 5,622,799 2,898,575

Series B 279-303.-COUNTRY OF BIRTH OF THE FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION (CENSUS):


1850 TO 1940
[Figures for 1910 to 1940 are for foreign-born white; those for earlier years represent total foreign born. Figures are given for each country for all census years for which
data are available. Figures Jor 1930 have been revised to include Mexicans who were classified with "Other races" in the 1930 Population Census]
NORTHWESTERN EUROPE

Europe,
total)

All
countries
YEAR

279

280

--- -

1940 ________
1930 ________
1920 ________
1910 2 ______
1900 ________
1890 _____ ~ __
1880 ________
1870 ________
1860 ________
1850 ________

Ireland

Scandinavia

Other
Northwestern

Germany

Poland

Other
Central

U.S.S.R.
and Baltic
States

Other
Eastern)

Italy

Other
SOuthern

281

282

283

284

285

286

287

288

289

290

291

8,020,608 1,251,402 ] ,871,509


917,598 1,854,571
5,744,311
770,414 1,855,827
4,936,618
587,775 1,611,304
3,805,701
379,093
961,719
2,031,867

933,249
440,262
241,685
72,582
18,075

363,131 1,237,772
993,479 1,251,198 1,346,679
454,650 1,608,814 1,268,583 1,348,.418 1,513,931
478,586 1,686,102 1,139,978 1,504,780 1,685.,381
414,588 2,311,085
937,884 1,341,106 1,314,051
347,509 2,663,418
383,407
578,512
486,367
324,592 2,784,894
147,440
48,557
282,053 1,966,742
14,436
256,712 1,690,533
200,550 1,276,075
7,298
583,774 ---------78,588

ASIA

YEAR

1940 _____________
1930 __ __________
1920 ____________ .
1910 _____________
1900 __ __________
1890 _____________
1880 __________ . __
1870 _____________
1860 _____________
1850. ____________

1,623,580
1,790,424
1,610,109
1,343,070
484,027

273,306
303,552
292,672
180,864
46,173

1,839
1,205
302
128
106

182,580
44,230
17,157
11,677
3,679

24,068
14,035
8,696
8,688
4,473

182,644
35,722
4,644
3,160
1,414

OTHER COUNTRIES

AMERICA

Totall

Palestine
and
Syria

Turkey
in
Asia)

Other
Asia

Total

Canada
and Newfoundland

Mexico

Other
America

Australia

Azores,
etc. 3

All
other

292

293

294

295

296

297

298

299

300

301

302

303

1,509,855
2,011,224
1,656,801
1,453,186
1,317,380

1,065,480
1,302,483
1,131,120
1,201,146
1,179,922

377,433
639,017
478,383
219,802
103,393

66,942
69.724
47,298
32,238
34,065

10,998
12,720
10,801
8,938
6,807

28,983
39,485
38,984
15,795
9,768

18,649
18,716
17,727
15,434
15,293

1,088,245
807,230
551,335
288,285
168,484

980,938
717,157
493,464
249,970
147,711

77,853
68,399
42,435
27,466
13,317

29,454
21,674
15,436
10,849
7,456

5,984
4,906
3,118
1,419

9,739
7,641
4,434
1,361

11 ,588
8,225
7,159
5,135
43,116

19,819
25,065
11 ,509
12,851
2,251

149,909
157,580
110,450
64,314
120,248

----------

39,524
47,567
44,334
4,612
120,248

12,579
3,786
1,678
1,403

113,396 ---------- ---------107,630 -- .......... ---- ---------64,565 ---------- ---------36,796 ---------- ---------1,135 ---------- ----------

113,396
107,630
64,565
36,796
1,135

----------

52,479
57,906
63,362
46,651
55,102
11,014
659.702
----------

1 Turkey in Asia included with Turkey in Europe prior to 1910.


2 Persons reported in 1910 as of Polish mother tongue born in Austria, Germany;
and Russia have been deducted from their respective countries and combined as
Poland.
a Includes "Other Atlantic Islands."

32

303,812
135,550
74,534
25,061
946

129,240
158,049
118,584
109,594
24,942

Other
Europe,
total

SOUTHERN EUROPE

Great
Britain

678,447
847,437
11,419,138 9,700,744
936,656
923,642 1,125,340
13,983,405 11,743,680 1,223,212
13,712,754 11,877,991 1,134,461 1,037,233 1,178,596
13,345,545 11,787,878 1,219,968 1,352,155 1,250,662
10,341,276 8,871,780 1,167,623 1,615,459 1,072,092
9,249,560
6,679,943
5,567,229
4,138,697
2,244,,602

EASTERN EUROPE

CENTRAL EUROPE

---------- ----------

4 Includes "country of birth not reported" and "born at sea."


5 Includes 4,635 persons born In Serbia and 5,363 persons born in Montenegro,
which became part of Yugoslavia in 1918.
6 Turkey in Asia included Armenia, Palestine, and Syria in 1910. Subsequent to
1910 Armenia included with "Other Asia."

Data: B 304-330

IMMIGRATION, EMIGRATION, AND NATURALIZATION

Series B 304-330.-IMMIGRATION-IMMIGRANTS BY COUNTRY: 1820 TO 1945


For continuation of list of countries, see series B 317-330. Data are for fiscal years ending June 30, except: 1820-1831 and 1844-1849, fiscal years ending Sept. 30; and
1833-1842 and 1851-1867, years ending Dec. 31; 1832 covers 15 months ending Dec. 31; 1843, nine months ending Sept. 30; 1850, fifteen months ending Dec. 31;
18,68, six menths ending June 30]
,

YEAR

All
countrIes

304

Europe,
total

305

Great
Britain

Ireland

Scandinavia

Other
Northwestern 2

Germany

366

307

308

309

310

Poland

311

SOUTHERN EUROPE

EASTERN EUROPE

CENTRAL EUROPE

NORTHWESTERN EUROPE

Other
Central

312

U.S.S.R.
and Baltic
States 6
313

Other
Eastern

314

Italy

Other
Southern

315

316

1945 ______
1944 ______
1943 ______
1942 ____ :._
1941- _____

38,119
28,551
23,725
28,781
51,776

5,943
4,509
4,920
11 ,153
26,541

3,029
1,321
974
907
7,714

427
112
165
83
272

224
281
239
371
1,137

365
619
1,531
5,622
9,009

172
238
248
2,150
4,028

195
292
394
343
451

206
316
206
396
786

98
157
159
197
665

97
109
54
117
299

213
120
49
103
450_

917
944
901
864
1,730

1940 ______
1939 ______
1938 ______
1937 ______
1936 ______

70,756
82,998
67,895
50,244
36,329

50,454
63,138
44,495
31,863
23,480

6,158
3,058
2,262
1,726
1,310

839
1,189
1,085
531
444

1,260
1,178
1,393
971
646

7,743
5,214
3,352
2,512
1,745

21,520
33,515
17,199
10,895
6,346

702
3,072
2,403
1,212
869

3,628
5,334
5,195
3,763
2,723

898
1,021
960
629
378

491
620
542
533
424

5,302
6,570
7,712
7,192
6,774

1,913
2',367
2,392
1,899
1,821

1935 ______
934 ______
1933 ______
1
______
1932
1931- _____

22,778

17,210
12,383
20,579
61,909

45,i
443
338
539
7,305

557
511
938
3,144

1,808
1,2'70
1,045
1,558
4,420

4,392
1,919
2,670
10,401

1,504
1,032
1,332
1,296
3,604

2,357

29,470
23,068
35,576
97,139

1,413
1,305
979
2,057
9,110

000

34,956

1,422
981
1,749
4,500

418
607
458
636
1,396

453
347
352
592
1,192

6,566
4,374
3,477
6,662
13,399

1,916
1,461
991
1,882
3,438

1 930 ______
1929 ______
1928 ______
1927 ______
1926 ______

241,700
279,678
307,255
335,175
304,488

147,438
158,598
158,513
168,368
155,562

31,015
21,327
19,958
23,669
25,528

23,445
19,921
25,268
28,545
24,897

6,919
17,379
16,184
16,860
16,818

9,170
9,091
9,079
9,134
8,773

26,569
46,751
45,778
48,513
50,421

9,231
9,002
8,755
9,211
7,126

9,184
8,081
7,091
6,559
6,020

2,772
2,450
2,652
2,933
3,323

2,159
2,153
1,776
1,708
1,596

22,327
18,008
17,728
17,297
8,253

4,647
4,435
4,244
3,939
2,807

925 ______
1 924 ______
923
____ -1
1922 ______
921_____
1

294,314
706,896
522,919
309,556
805,228

148,366
364,339
307,920
216,385
652,364

27,172
59,490
45,759
25,153
51,142

26,650
17,111
15,740
10,579
28,435

16,810
35,577
34,184
14,625
22,854

8,548
16,077
12,469
11,149
29,317

46,068
75,091
48,277
17,931
6,803

5,341
28-,B06
26,538
28,635
95,089

4,701
32,700
34,038
29,363
77,069

3,121
20,918
21,151
19,910
10,193

1,566
13 j 173
16,082
12,244
32,793

6,203
56,246
46,674
40,319
222,260

2,186
9,150
7,008
6,477
76,409

1920 ______
_____
1
1918 ______

430,001
141,132
110,618
295,403
298,826

246,295
24,627
31,063
133,083
145,699

9,591
474
331
5,406
8,639

13,444
5,590
6,506
13,771
14,761

24,491
5,126
3,146
6,731
8,715

1,001
52
447
1,857
2,877

4,813

1917 ______
1916 ______
197,919
326,700
19 15 ______
______ J ,218;480 1,058,391
19 14
______
13
1,055,855
!
,197,892
19
718,875
19 12 ______ 838,172
764;757
19 11- _____ 878,581

38,471
6,797
2,516
10,735
16,063

----------------------------

5,666
53
61
1,258
5,191

1,751
1,403
4,242
12,716
7,842

3,913
51
93
369
1,167

95,145
1,884
5,250
34,596
33,665

48,009
3,197
8,471
45,644
46,779

27,237
48,729
60,328.
57,148
73,384

14,189
24,688
27,876
25,879
29,112

17,883
29,391
32,267
27 ;554
42,285

12,096
25,591
28,086
22,921
25,549

7,799 ---------35;734 ---------34,329 ---------27,788 ---------32,061 ----------

18,511
278,152
254,825
178,882
159,057

26,187
,660
291,040
162,395
158,721

2,892
21,420
18,036
20,925
21,655

49,688
283,738
265,542
157,134
182,882

21,441
55;288
43,526
38,249
40,051

10 ______ 1,041,570
926,291
1909
______ 751,786
654,875
1908
______
691,901
782,870
19 07 ______
1,285,349 1,199,566
19
19 06 ______ 1,100,735 1,018,365

68,941
46,793
62,824
79,037
67,198

29,855
25,033
30,556
34,530
34,995

48,267
32,496
30,175
49,965
52,781

23,852
17,756
22,177
26,512
23,277

31,283 --.------25,540 ------.--32,309 ---------37,807 ---------37,564 ----------

258,737
170,191
168,509
338,452
265,138

186,792
120,460
156,711
258,943
215,665

25,287
11 ,659
27,345
36,510
18,652

215,537
183,218
128,503
285,731
273,120

37,746
21,729
32,792
52,079
29,975

______ 1,026,499
19 05
04 ______ 812,870
1903
______
19 02 ______ 857,046
648,743
19
19 OL _____ 487,918
_____ 448,572
19 00:.
99 ______ 311,715
18 98
______
18 97 ______ 229,299
18 96 ______ 230,832
343 'fH~1
18
5 __ ___ 258,536
189
______ 285,631
189 34 ______
1892 ______ 439,730
579,663
189 1 ______
560,319
189
0 ______
455,302
189
444,427
18889 ______
______ 546,889
188 7 ______
490,109
188
188 6 ______ 334,203
5 ______
188 4 ______ 395,346
518,592
lR8 3 ______
188 2 ______ 603,322
788,992
188 1 ______
669,431
188

974,273
767,933
814,507
619,068
469,237

84,189
51,448
33,637
16,898
14,985

52,945
36,142
35,310
29,138
30,561

60,625
60,096
77,647
54,038
39,234

24,693
23,321
17,009
10,322
9,279

40,574 ---------46,380 ------.--40,086 ---------28,304 ---------21,651 -----.-----

2'75,693
177,156
206,011
171 ,989
113,390

184,897
145,141
136,093
107,347
85,257

11,022
12,756
12,600
8,234
8,199

221,479
193,296
230,622
178,375
135,996

18,156
22,197
25,492
14,423
10,685

424,700
297,349
217,786
216,397
329,067

12,509
13,456
12,894
12,752
24,565

35,730
31,673
25,128
28,421
40,262

31,151
22,192
19,282
21,089
33,199

5,822
5,150
4,698
5,323
7,611

18,507
17,476
17,111
22,533
31,885

4,165
691

114,847
62,491
39,797
33,031
65,103

90,787
60,982
29.,828
25,816
51,445

6,852
1,738
1,076
943
954

100,135
77,419
58,613
59,431
68,060

8,360
4,772
4,633
2,893
5,292

250,342
277,052
429,324
570,876
546,085

28,833
22,520
35,189
42,215
66,605

46,304
30,231
43,578
51,383
55,706

26,852
32,400
58,945
66,295
60,107

7,313
9,514
17,888
21,731
21,824

32,173
53,989
78,756
119,168
113,554

790
1,941
16,374
40,536
27,497

33,401
38,638
57,420
76,937
71 ,042

35,907
39,278
42,310
81,511
47,426

768
1,027
625
1,331
1,222

35,427
42,977
72,145
61,631
76,055

2,574
4,537
6,094
8,138
5,047

445,680
,434,790
538,131
482,829
329,529

69,730
87,992
108,692
93,378
62,929

53,024
65,557
73,513
68,370
49,619

50,368
57,504
81,924
67,629
46,735

20,575
22,010
23,251
17,307
11,737

92,427
99,538
109,717
106,865
84,403

11 ,073
4,922
5,826
6,128
3,939

56,199
34,174
45,811
40,265
28,680

35,598
33,916
33,487
30,766
17,800

723
1,145
1,393
2,251
670

52,003
25,307
51,558
47,622
21,315

3,960
2,725
2,959
2,248
1,7{)2

353,083
453,686
522,587
648,186
528,545

57,713
65,950
76,606
102,991
81,376

51,795
63,344
81,486
76,432
72,342

40,704
52,728
71 ,994
105,326
81,582

13,732
18,768
24,271
27,796
26,883

124,443
179,676
194,786
250,630
210,485

3,085
4,536
2,011
4,672
5,614

27,309
36,571
27,625
29,150
27,935

17,158
12,689
9,909
16,918
5,041

941
388
163
134
102

13,642
16,510
31,792
32,159
15,401

2,561
2,526
1,944
1,978
1,784

919~

voo

I Differences between series B 304 and B 331 for the years 1820 to 1868 may be
due to the fact that the source of statistics was different.
2 Comprises Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, and France.
S Includes Austria, 1938 to 1945.
4 Poland was recorded as a separate country from 1820 to 1898 and from 1920 to
'1945. Between 1899 and 1919 Poland was included with Austria-Hungary, Germany,
and Russia.

t::

QI\1

V,~V.L

----------

----------

----4::726-

~55

5 Comprises Austria-B:ungary for 1861-1904; Austria, 1905-1937; Hungary, 19051945; Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, 1920-1945.
6 Countries added to the list since the beginning of World War I are theretofore
included with the countries to which they belonged. In the fiscal year 1931 the
Russian Empire was broken down into European Russia and Siberia (Asiatic
Russia).
7 Comprises Rumania, Bulgaria, and Turkey in Europe.
8 Comprises Spain, Portugal, Greece, and other Europe, not elsewhere c1assified_

33

Data: B 304-330

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS AND MIGRATION

Series B 304-330.-TMMIGRATIOt\f"-INLrv1:IGRANTS BY COUtJTRY: 1820 TO 1945-Con.


lFor continuation of list of countries, see series B 317-330. Da~a are for fiscal years ending June 30, except: 1820-1831 a.nd 1844-1849, fiscal y'ears ending Sept. 30;
and 1833-1842 and 1851-1867, years ending Dec. 31; 1832 covers 15 months ending Dec. 31; 1843, nine months ending Sept. 30; 1850, fifteen months ending
Dec. 31; 1868, six months ending June 30
.
NORTHWESTERN EUROPE

YlllAR

All
countries

Europe,
total

304
1880 ______
1879_ . ____
1878 . ~ _____
1877 ______
1876 ______

457,257
177,826
138,469
141,857
169,986

1875 __ ~ ___
1814 ______
1873 ______
1872 ______
1871. _____

305

EASTERN EUROPE

CENTRAL EUROPE

Great
Britain

Ireland

Scandina via

Other
Northwestern 2

Germany

306

307

308

309

310

Poland

Other
Central

311

312

U.S.S.R.
and Baltic
States 6

Other
Eastern

313

314

SOUTHERN EUROPE

Italy
315

Other
Southern 8
316

101,612
106,195
120,920

~~~ :~~~

73,273
29,955
22,150
23,581
29,291

71 ,603
20,013
15,932
14,569
19,575

65,657
21,820
12,254
11 ,274
12,323

15,042
.9,081
6,929
8,621
10,923

84,638
34,602
29,313
29,298
31,937

2,177
489
547
533
925

17,267
5,963
5.150
5;396
6,276

5,014
4,453
3.048
6;599
4,775

35
29
29
32
38

12,354
5,791
4,344
3,195
3,015

1,631
2,068
1,916
3,097
1,842

227,498
313,339
459,803
404,806
321,350

182,961
. 262,783
397,541
352,155
265,145

47,905
62,021
89,500
84,912
85,455

37,957
53,707
77,344
68,732
57,439

14,322
19,178
35,481
28,575
22,132

11,987
15,998
22,892
15,614
7,174

47,769
87,291
149,671
141,109
82,554

984
1,795
3,338
1,647
535

7,658
8,850
7,112
4,410
4,887

7,997
4,073
1,634
1,018
673

27
62
53
20
23

3,631
7,666
8,757.
4,190
2,816

2,724
2,142
1,759
1,928
1,457

1870 ______
1869 ______
1868 ______
1867 ______
1866 ______

387,203
352,768
138,840
315,722
318,568

328,626
315,963
130,090
283,751
278,916

103,677
84,438
24,127
52,641
94,924

56,996
40,786
32,068
72,879
36,690

30,742
43,941
11,985
8,491
14,495

9;152
10,585
4,293
12,417
13,648

118,225
131,042
55,831
133,426
115,892

223
184
310
412

4,425
1,469
192
692
93

907
343
141
205
287

6
18
4
26
18

2,891
1,489
891
1,624
1,382

1,382
1,638
558
1,040
1,075

1865 ______
1864. _____
____
1862 ______
1861. _____

248,120
193,418
176,282
91,985
91,918

214,048
185,233
163,733
83,710
81,200

82,465
53,428
66,882
24,639
19,675

29,772
63,523
55,916
23,351
23,797

7,258
2,961
3,119
2,550
850

7,992
5,621
3,245
4,386
3,769

83,424
57,276
33,162
27,529
31,661

528
1"65
94
63
48

422
230
85
111
51

183
256
77
79
34

14
11
16
11
5

924
600
547
566
811

1,066
1,162
590
425
499

1860 ______
1859 ______
1858 ______
1857 ______
1856 ___ c __

153,640
121,282
123.126
251 ;306
200,436

. 141,209
110,949
111.354
216 ;224
186,083

29,737
26,163
28,956
58,479
44,.658

48,637
35,216
26,873
54,361
54,349

840
1,590
2,662
2,747
1,330

5,278
3,727
4,580
6,879
12,403

54,491
41,784
45,310
91,781
71,028

82 ---------106 ---------9 ---------124 ---------20 ----------

65
91
246
25
9

4
10
17
11

1,019
932
1,240
1,007
1,365

1,056
1,330
1,461
810
916

1855 ______
1854- _____
1853 ______
1852 ______
1851. _____

200,877
427,833
368,645
371,603
379,466

187,729
405,542
. 361,576
362,484
369,510

47,572
58,647
37,576
40,699
51,487

49,627
101,606
162,649
159,548
' 221,253

1,349
4,222
3,396
4,106
2,438

14,571
23,070
14,205
11,278
20,905

71,918
215,009
141,946
145,918
72,482

13
2
3
2
1

9
7
15
3
2

1,052
1,263
555
351
447

1,156
1,508
1,198
469
485

1850 ______
1849 ______
1848 ______
1847 ______
1846 ______

369,980
297,024
226,527
234,968
154,416

308,323
286,501
218,025
229,117
146,315

51,085
55,132
35,159
23,302
22,180

164,004
159,398
112,934
105,536.
.51,752

1,589
3,481
1,113
1,320
2,030

11,470
7,634
9,877
24,336
12,303

78,896
60,235
58,465
74,281
57,561

15
9
3
2
4

431
209
241
164
151

797
355
232
163
82

1845 ______
1844- _____
1843 ______
1842 ______
1841. _____

114,371
78,615
52,496
104,565
80,289

109,301
74,745
49,013
99,945
76,216

19,210
14,353
8,430
22,005
16,188

44,821
33,490
19,670
51,342
37,772

982
1,336
1,777
588
226

9,466
4,343
4,364
5,361
6,077

34,355
20,731
14,441
20,370
15,291

3
10
5
2
0

137
141
117
100
179

320
292
186
139
288

1840 ______
1839 ______
J 838 ______
1837. _____
1836 ______

84,066
68,069
38,914
79,340
76,242

80,126
64,148
34,070
71,039
70,465

2,613
10,271
5,420
12,218
13,106

39,430
23,963
12,645
28,508
30,578

207
380
112
399
473

7,978
7,891
3,839
5,769
5,189

29,704
21,028
11,683
23,740
20,707

5 ---------46 ---------41 ---------81 ---------53 ----------

1
1

3.7
84
86
36
115

151
477
281
269
239

1835 ______
1834 ______
1833 ______
1832 ______
1831. _____

45,374
65,365
58,640
60,482
22,633

41,987
57,510
29 111
34,193
13,039

8,970
10,490
4,916
5,331
2,475

20,927
24,474
8,648
12,436
5,772

68
66
189
334
36

3,369
4,468
5,355
5,695
2,277

8,311
17,686
6,988
10,194
2,413

54 ---------54 ---------1 ---------34 ----------

60
105
1,699
3
28

219
151
1,155
114
37

1830 ______
1829 ______
1828 ______
1827 ______
1826 ______

23,322
22,520
27,382
18,875
10,837

7,217
12,523
24,729
16,719
9,751

1,153
3,179
5,352
4,186
2,319

2,721
7,415
12,488
9,766
5,408

19
30
60
28
26

1,305
1,065
4,700
1,829
968

1,976
597
1,851
432
511

9
23
34
35
57

27
212
230
422
456

1825 ______
1824~ _____
1823. _____
1822 ______
1821. _____

10,199
7,912
6,354
6,911
9,127

8,543
4,965
4,016
4,418
5,936

2,095
1,264
1,100
1,221
3,210

4,888
2,345
1,908
2,267
1,518

18
20
7
28
24

719
671
528
522
521

450
230
183
148
383

75
45
33
35
63

287
377
245
180
209

1820 ______

8,385

7,691

2,410

3,614

23

452

968

30

174

l.863_~

1 Differences between series B 304 and B 331 for the years 1820 to 1868 may be
due to the fact that the source of statistics. was different.
~ Comprises Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, and France.
S Includes Austria, 1938 to 1945.
4 Poland was recorded as a separate country from 1820 to 1898 and from 1920
to 1945. Between 1899 and 1919 Poland was included with Austria-Hungary,
Germany, and Russia.

34

-------- --

462
208
33
110
10

----------

----------

- - ..... - ..... -- - --------------------

5
4

----------

----------

31
44
1
5
248

6 ---------36 ---------17 ---------10


15 ----------

1
13
6
28
174

----------

--- ... --------------8 ----------

---------~

---------- ---------2

----------

---------- ---------1 ---------1 ----------

---------- - --------1
4
3
3
1

---------7
13
19
2

9
15
159
52
1
3
1
7
19
4

----------------------------

10
7
7
10
7

5 ----------

14

----------

----------

----------

--------3---------1
1

------------------2
1
6
1
2

---------2
2
4

---------1

Ii Comprises Austria-Hungary for 1861-1904; Austria, 1905-1937; Hungary, 19051945; Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, 1920-1945.
6 Countries added to the list since the beginning of World War I are theretofore
included with the countries to which they belonged~ In the fiscal year 1931 the
Russian Empire was broken down into European Russia and Siberia (Asiatic
Russia).
7 Comprises Rumania, Bulgaria, and Turkey in Europe.
8 Comprises Spain, Portugal, Greece, and other Europe, not elsewhere classified.

Data: B 304-330

IMMIGRATION, EMIGRATION, AND NATURALIZATION

Series B 304-330.-IMMIGRATION-IMMIGRANTS BY COUNTRY: 1820 TO 1945-Con.


[For grand total and Europe, see series B 304-316. Data are for fiscal years ending June 30, except: 1820-1831 and 1844-1849, fiscal years ending Sept. 30; and 18331842 and 1851-1867, years ending Dec. 31; 1832 covers 15 months ending Dec. 31; 1843, nine months ending Sept. 30; 1850, fifteen months ending Dec. 31; 1868,
six months ending June 30]

YEAR

------

Total

Turkey
in
Asia 1

China

317

318

319

AUSTRALASIA

AMERICA

ASIA

Japan

320

Other
Asia

Total

Canada
and Newfoundland S

321

322

323

Mexico

Other
America

324

325

Africa,
total

Total

Australia
and
New
Zealand

326

327

328

~.

All
other

Other
Pacific
Islands'

COWl':'
tries ~

329

330

19'45 _________
1944 _________
1943 ____ - - - - 1942 _________
194L________

442
227
334
564
1,801

13
15
36
31
16

71
50
65
179
1,003

1
4
20
44
289

357
158
213
310
493

29,646
23,084
18,162
16,377
22,445

11 ,530
10,143
9,761
10,599
11,473

6,702
6,598
4,172
2,378
2,824

11,414
6,343
4,229
3,400
8,148

406
112
141
473
564

1,663
615
160
163
255

1,625
577
120
120
194

38
38
40
43
61

19
4
8
51
170

940 _________
__ - - - ~ - - 1939
1
1938 ____ - - - - __ - -"- - - -1937
936 _________

1,913
2,162
2,376
1,065
721

7
15
11
13
20

643
642
' 613
293
273

102
102
93
132
91

1,161
1,403
1,659
627
337

17,822
17,139
20,486
16,903
11,786

11,078
10,813
14,404
12,011
8,121

2,313
2,640
2,502
2,347
1,716

4,431
3,686
3,580
2,545
1,949

202
218
174
155
105

228
222
248
174
165

207
213
228
145

116

147

21
9
20
29
18

1934 _________
1
1 933 ___ - - - - -932 ___ - - - - -193L
________
1

935 _________

682
597
552
1,931
3,345

31
22
27
43
139

229
187
148
750
1,150

88
86
75
526
653

334
302
302
612
1,403

11,174
11 ,409
9,925
12,577
30,816

7,782
7,945
6,187
8,003
22,183

1,560
. 1,801
1,936
2,171
3,333

1,832
1,663
1,802
2,403
5,300

118
104
71
186
417

141
147
137
303
652

132
130
122
291
616

63
9
3
17
15 --------12 ---- .. ---36 ---------

930 ____ ----1 929


_________
1
928 ___ - - - - - 1921________
1926 _________
1

4,535
3,758
3,380
3,669
3,413

118
70
80
73
37

1,589
1,446
1,320
1,471
1,751

837
771
550
723
654

1,991
1,471
1,430
1,402
971

88,104
116,177
144,281
161,872
144,393

65,254
66,451
75,281
84,580
93,368

12,703
40,154
59,016
67,721
43,316

10,147
9,572
9,984
9,571
7,709

572
509
475
520
529"

1,051
636
606
746
591

1,026
619
578
712
556

25 --------17 --------28 --------34 - .. _--- .. -35 ---------

- - - - -1925
924 ___
_________
1
___ - - - - -1923
922 _________
1 1 _________

51
2,820
2,183
1,998
11,735

1,937
6,992
4,986
4,406
4,009

723
8,801
5,809
6,716
7,878

867
3,452
727
1,143
1,412

141,496
318,855
199,972
77,448
124,118

102,753
200,690
117,011
46,810
72,317

32,964
89,336
63,768
19,551
30,758

5,779
28,829
19,193
11,087
21,043

412
900
548
520
1,301

462
679
759
915
2,281

416
635
711
855
2,191

46
44
48
60
90

192

3,578
22,065
13,705
14,263
25,034

1920_-------19 _________
19 18 _________
19 17 _________
19 16 _________
19

17,505
12,674
12,701
12,756
13,204

5,033
19
43
393
1,670

2,330
1,964
1,795
2,237
2,460

9,432
10,064
10,213
8,991
8,680

710
627
650
1,135
394

162,666
102,286
65,418
147,779
137,424

90,025
57,782
32,452
105,399
101,551

52,361
29,818
18,524
17,869
18,425

20,280
14,686
14,442
24,511
17,448

648
189
299
566
894

2,185
1,310
1,090
1,142
1,574

2,066
1,234
925
1,014
1,484

119
76
165
128
90

702
46
47
77
31

1915_-------1914.
- - - - - - --'
13 _________
19
__ - - - - - -19 12
11 _________
19

15,211
34,273
35,358
21,449
17,428

3,543
21,716
23,955
12,788
10,229

2,660
2,502
2,H>5
1,765
1,460

8,613
8,929
8,281
6,114
4,520

395
1,126
1,017
782
1,219

111,206
122,695
103,907
95,926
94,364

82,215
86,139
73,802
55,990
56,830

12,340
14,614
11 ,926
23,238
19,889

16,651
21,942
18,179
16,698
17,645

934
1,539
1,409
1,009
956

1,399
1,446
1,340
898
1,043

1,282
1,336
1,229
794
984

117
110
111
104
59

31
186
23
15
39

1,968
1,943
1,397
961
1,544

2,720
3,111
15,803
30,226
13,835

3,633
344
1,412
1,284
567

89,534
82,208
59,997
41,762
24,613

56,555
51,941
38,510
19,918
5,063

18,691
16,251
6,067
1,406
1,997

14,288
14,016
15,420
20,438
17,553

1,072
858
1,411
1,486
712

1,097
892
1,179
1,989
1,733

998
839
1,098
1,947
1,682

99
53
81
42
51

43
49
17
22
533,012

2,166
4,309
2,209
1,649
2,459

10,331
14,264
19,968
14,270
5,269

5,271
2,378
671
129
83

25,217
16,420
11 ,023
6,698
4,416

2,168
2,837
1,058
636
540

2,637
1,009
528
709
347

20,412
12,574
9,437
5,353
3,529

757
686
176
37
173

2,166
1,555
1,349
566
498

2,091
1,461
1,150
384
325

75
94
199
182
173

161
90
25
103
1

1,247
1,660
2,071
3,363
1,441

12,635
2,844
2,230
1,526
1,110

102
32
61
41
74

5,455
4,316
2,627
4,537
7,303

396
1,322
352
291
278

237
161
107
91
150

4,822
2,833
2.,168
4,156
6,875

30
51
48
37
21

428
810
201
199
112

214
456
153
139
87

214
364
48
60
25

13
217

3,508
3,551
2,593

244
194

116109

(6)

5,082

234

(7)
(7)
(7)

3,148
3,248
2,593

36
24

(6)
(6)

4,848

103

155
244
248
267
1,301

(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)

3,650
5,431
5,387
5,261
3,009

112
187
65
40
122

1,167
2,196
2,387
1,282
1,136

699
1,000
697
528
522

468
1,196
1,690
754
614

62
70
61
73
73

2,544
2,283
986
1,397
1,802

112
59
67
60
33

679
900
747
889
1,191

449
502
554
878
1,188

230
398
193
11
3

71
98
79
99
103

15,212
- - - - - -- 23,533
1910
09 __
_________
7,506
12,904
1908 _________
9,753
19 07 _________ 28,365
8,053
40,524
1906 _________
6,354
22,300
19
05 _________
6,157
23,925
19
________ 26,186
5,235
19
7,118
----- 29,966
19 032 ____
_________
6,223
1901 ________ - 22,271
5 ;782
13,593
190
IL ________
3,962
17,946
190 9 _________
4,436
8,972
1898 _________
4,275
8,637
189 7 _________
4,732
9,662
189 6 _________
4,139
6,764
189
5 _________
2,767
4,495
1894 _________
4,690 --------1893 _________
189 2 _________ - 2,392 --------189 1 _________ -------2,488
7,678
189
0 _________
1,126
4,448
189 9 _________
593
1,725
1888 _________
273
843
188 7 _________
208
615
188 6 _________
15
317
188
5 _________
198 --------188
510 --------1884 --------8,113 --------1883 _.... ------39,629
--------1882 --------5
1881 --------- 11 ,982
04~

539
1,170
472
---------

2,836

39
1,589
540
--------- --------1,218
1,136
1,150
1,931
1,380

1,716
U8
26
10
40

691
640
404
229
194

915
374
140
168
68

3,833
5,459
5,402
5,270
3,026

183
28
15
9
17

22
279

49
20
27
5
11

127
211
55
45
76

41,203
63,339
71,729
100,129
127,577

38,336
60,626
70,274
98,366
125,450

8 ,03~
39,579
11 ,890

5
1 No record of immigration from Turkey in Asia until 1869.
, No record of immigration from Japan until 186L
S Prior to 1920 Canada and Newfoundland were recorded as British North Ameri ca. From 1820 to 1898 the figures include all British North American possessions.
4 From 1934 to 1945, inclusive, Philippine Islands are included in "All other
c oun tries."

6
7

323
430
469
366
325

(6)

(6)
(6)

137
119
84
72

------5815
25
180

---------

-----------------

155 .. -------- - -------70


244 -----(6f5,173
248
(6)
8,520
267
70
524
777

Includes 32,897 persons returning to their homes in the United States.


Included in "All other countries."
No record of immigration from Mexico from 1886 to 1893.

35

Data: B 304-330

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS AND MIGRATION

Series B 304-330.-IMMIGRATION-IMMIGRANTS BY COUNTRY: 1820 TO 1945-Con.


[F'or grand total and Europe, see series B 304-316. Data are for fiscal years ending June 30, except: 1820-1831 and 1844-1849, fiscal years ending Sept. 30; and 18331842 and 1851-1867, years ending Dec. 31; 1832 covers 15 months ending Dec. 31; 1843, nine months ending Sept. 30: 1850, fiftE!en months ending Dec. 31; 1868,
six months ending June 30]
AMERICA

ASIA
YEAR

Total

Turkey
in
Asia 1

China

Japan

317

318

319

320

Other
Asia

Total

Canada
and Newfoundland 3

321

322

323

AUSTRALASIA

Mexico

Other
America

324

325

Africa,
total

Total

Australia
and New
Zealand

326

327

328

All
other
Other countries
Pacific
Islands 4
329

330

1880 _________
1879 _________
1878 _________
1877 _________
1876 _________

5,839
9,660
9,014
10,640
22,943

4
31
7
3
8

5,802
9,604
8,992
10,594
22,781

4
4
2
7
4

29
21
13
36
150

101,692
33,043
27,204
24,065
24,686

99,744
31,286
25,592
22,137
22,505

492
556
465
445
631

1,456
1,201
1,147
1,483
1,550

18
12
18
16
89

954
816
606
914
1,312

953
813

1
3

912
1,205

2
107

63
36
15
27
36

1875 _________
1874 _________
1873 _________
1872 _________
1871. ______ ..:_

16,499
13,838
20,325
7,825
7,240

1
6
3

16,437
13,776
20,292
7,788
7,135

3
21
9
17
78

58
35
21
20
23

26,640
35,339
40,335
42,205
48,835

24,097
33,020
37,891
40,204
47,164

610
386
606
569
402

1,933
1,933
1,838
1,432
1,269

54
58
28
41
24

1,268
1,193
1,414.
2,416
21

1,104
960
1,135
2,180
18

164
233
279
236
3

76
128
160
164
85

1870 _________
1869 _________
1868 _________
1867 _________
1866 _____ .____

15,825
12,949
5,171
3,961
2,411

15,740
12,874
5,157
3,863
2,385

48
63

37
10
14
31
19

42,658
23,767
3,415
24,715
33,582

40,414
21,120
2,785
23,379
32,150

463
320
129
292
239

1,781
2,327
501
1,044
1,193

31
72
3
25
33

36

36

--- ---67-

--------- --------- -------- ...


--------- --------- ----------------- --------- ---------

27
17
161
3,270
3,626

1865 _________
1864 _________
1863 _________
1862 _________
1861. ________

2,947
2,982
7,-216
3,640
7,528

2,942
2,975
7,214
3,638
7,518

5
7
2
7
9

22,778
4,607
4,147
4,175
2,763

21,586
3,636
3,464
3,275
2,069

193
99
.96
142
218

999
872
587
758
476

49
37
3
12
47

--------- --------- ----------------- ----- ---- ----------------- --------- ----------------- --------- -----,..----------- --------- ---------

8,298
559
1,183
448
380

1860 _______
1859 _________
1858 _________
1857 _________
1856 _________

5;476
3,461
5,133
5,945
4,747

5,467
3,457
5,128
5,944
4,733

9
4
5
1
14

6,343
5,466
5,821
6,811
9,058

4,514
4,163
4,603
5,670
6,493

429

229
265

133
741

1,600
1,038
789
1,008
1,824

486
1,395
801
22,301
542

1855 _________
1854 _________
1853 _________
1852 _______ -1851. ________

3,540
13,100
47
4
2

14

7,761
6,891
5,424
6,352.
7,438

420
446
162
72
181

1,079
1,196
444
1,271
2,084

1850 _________
1849 _________
1848 ___ _____
1847 _________
1846 _________

7
11
8
12
11

1845 _________
1844 _________
1843 _________
1842 _________
1841. __ _____

6
6
11
7
3

6
3
3
4
2

----------------- ----_ .. ----- ... ----- --------- ----------------- --------- ----- --------- ... _- ------_ ... - ----------------- --------- --------14 --------- --------- ----------------- ------_ .. - ----- ------ -----8 --------- --------- ----------------- --------- ----------------3 --------- --------- ---------------3- --------- --------- ----------------- --------- --------10 --------- --------- ----------------- --------- --------- ----------------- --------- --------4 --------- --------- --------14 --------- --------- --------6 --------- --------- --------3 --------- --------- -----_ ...... -

~_

1840 _________
1839 _________
1838 _________
1837. ________
1836 _________
1835 _________
1834 _________
1833 _________
1832 _________
1831. ________
1830 _________
1829 _________
1828 _________
1827 _________
1826 _________
1825 _________
1824 _________
1823 _________
1822 ___ ~ _____
1821. ________
1820 _________

4
2

---------

-------1-

--------- --------- ---------

4
2

9,260
8,533
6,030
7,695
9,703

---------

4
8
8
8
4

15,768
8,904
7,989
5,231
5,525

9,376
6,890
6,473
3,827
3,855

597
518
24
62
222

5,795
1,496
1,492
1,342
1,448

5,035
3,740
2,854
3,994
3,429

3,195
2,711
1,502
2,078
1,816

498
197
398
403
352

1,342
832
954
1,513
1,261

3,815
3,617
2,990
3,628
4,936

1,938
1,926
1,476
1,279
2,814

395
353
211
627
798

1,482
1,338
1,303
1,722
1,324

3,312
2,779
3,282
2,871
2,194

1,193
1,020
1,194
608
176

1,032
885
779
827
692

1,087
874
1,309
1,436
1,326

2,296
3,299
2,090
580
831

1~9

409
267
165
223

983
2,290
1,089
127
106

1,124
600
734
288
502

846
559
382
378
303

314
155
167
204
184

68
110
35
5
4

464
294
180
169
115

38'7

209

3,526
13,100
42

--------- --------5

--------- --------- -------_ ...


3
3

--------- --------4

---------

---------

--------- -------38
3
1

1
--------- ---------------i- --------- ---------------i------------------------11 --------- --------- --_ ... _---11
4
4
1

---------

,~--------

--------- --------- --------9


8 --------6
--------- --------- --------3
------ ... -- --------- ----- ---4
--------- ------ --- ----..,.. ._-1
--------- --------- ---------------2- ------ -- -------i- ----- ... --- -------i--------3
3 --------- --------- --------1
1 --------- --------- --------]
1
17
6
3
4
1

--------- --------- --------,


1 --------- -------11 --------- --------- ----------------- --------- --------- -------11 --------- --------- ----------------- --------- --------- --------- --------4
1 --------5 ---------

No record of immigration from Turkey in Asia until 1869.


2 No record of immigration from Japan until 1861.
S Prior to 1920 Canada and Newfoundland were recorded as British North
America. From 1820 to 1898 the figures include all British North American
possessions.
1

36

177

606

--------- --------- ---------

126
11
17
25
6

14

--------- - -- - ... ---"- ----------------- - .. _-------------- ---- .. ------------ ----------------- ------ .. --

6 --------10 ------,--'!..
10 -- .... ----2 --------6 ---------

--------- ----------------- --------- ------ .. ---------- --------- ----------------- --------- - ---------------- --------- ----------------- - _.. - - - --- --------2 --------- --------- --------1 ------ ..... - --------- ----"----6 --------- --------- ------ -4 --------- --------- --- - -- ----- ... ----- --------- --------- _.. _-----1 --------- --------- ----------------- --------- --------- ----------------- --------- --------- ------------------------- --------- ------ --2 --------- --------- --------1 --------- --------- ... -------14
1
1
2
2

334
658
984
1,420
248
45,~~2

1,605
495
608
2,564
25
110
612
616
627
118
294
1,843
4,660
31
44
5,069
26,243
23,412
7,397
13,807
6,695
554
1,571
254
808
2,387
1,956
2,114
2,886
301

From 1934 to 1945, inclusive, Philippine Islands are included in "All other
countries."
4

IMMIGRATION, EMIGRATION, AND NATURALIZATION

Data: B 331-336

Series B 331-.:.336.-IMMIGRATION-c-AGE OF IMMIGRANTS: 1820 TO 1945


[Data are for fiscal years ending as follows: 1820-1832, ending Sept. 30; 1833-1842, ending Dec. 31: 1844-1850, ending Sept. 30: 1851-1865, ending Dec. 31: 1867-1945,
ending June 30. For intermediate periods, see footnotes}
TOTAL
YEAR

Number

TOTAL

Percent
male
332

331

Under
16 years

16 to 44
years

45 and
over

333

334

335

1945 ________________
1944- _______________
1943 ________________
1942 ________________
194L ___________ - ___

38,119
28,551
23,725
28,781
51,776

35.1
40.0
41.4
41. 7
45.4

5,645
4,092
3,179
3,710
7,982

25,482
218,511
215,282
217,529
230,747

1940 ________________
1939 ________________
1938 _____________ - __
1937 ________________
1936 ___ - _________ - __

70,756
82,998
67,895
50,244
36,329

47.3
47.5
44.1
43.1
40.7

9,602
12,204
10,181
8,326
6,925

1935 ___ - ____________


1934- _______________
1933 ________________
1932 ________________
193L __ - _ - _- - - - - - - -1930 ________________
1929 ________________
1928 ___ - ____________
1927 ________________
1926 ___________ - -- __

34,956
29,470
23,068
35,576
97,139

40.1
41.1
40.0
39.1
41.8
48.4
50.8
54.0
57.9
56.0

1925 ________________
1924- _________ - - ---1923 _______ ________
1922 ___ - _________ - __
192L _______________

241,700
279,678
307,255
335,175
304,488

~f'

YEAR

Number

Percent
male

331

332

Under
15 years

15 to 40
years

Over
40

Age not
stated

333

334

335

336

6,992
25,948
25,264
27,542
213,047

1885 ________________
1884- _______________
1883 ________________
1882 ________________
1881 ________________

395,346
518,592
603,322
788,992
669,431

57.3
59.5
60.3
63.2
61.4

92,880
123,562
143,865
171 ,021
153,480

257,551
335,572
390,406
540,677
454,495

44,915
59,458
69,051
77,294
61,456

245,026
54,235
47,068
33,907
23,391

216,128
16,559
10,646
8,011
6,013

1880 ________________
1879 ________________
1878 ________________
1877 ________________
1876 _____ __________

457,257
177,826
138,469
141,857
169,986

62.9
62.9
62.3
64.9
65.8

87,154
34,554
24,285
23,754
27,875

327,662
122,731
95,938
100,366
121,734

42,441
20,541
18,246
17,737
20,377

6,893
5,389
4,131
6,781
17,320

22,557
18,987
15,033
22,905
67,100

5,506
5,094
3,904
5,890
12,719

1875 ________________
1874 ________________
1873 ________________
_______________
1871 ________________

227,498
313,339
459,803
404,806
321,350

61.5
60.4
60.0
59.3
59.3

44,254
63,578
104,672
90,510
71 ,148

154,621
199,840
288,272
263,213
210,366

28,623
49,921
66,859
51,083
39,836

40,777
47,935
49,680
51,689
47,347

177,059
207,990
230,832
254,574
228,527-

23,864
23,753
26,743
28,912
28,614

1870 ______________ .__


1869 ________________
1868 ________________
1867 ________________
1866 4_______________

387,203
352,768
282,189
342,162
185,892

60.8
60.9
62.0
62.7

89,129
79,803
57,637
65,335
27,011

250,965
232,397
188,359
236,017
112,692

47,109
40,568
36,193
40,810
18,034

--2s:isi(

287,399
221,535
199,811
114,463
112,702

59.9
59.4
60.1
58.4
57.1

46,524
41,912
37,433
20,641
18,878

175,501
151,711
142,009
80,725
81,515

32,190
27,778
20,108
12,888
11 ,221

33,184
134
261
209
1,088

1872~

(8)

294,314
706,896
522,919
309,556
805,228

55.5
59.9
58.8
48.4
55.8

50,722
132,264
91,816
63,710
146,613

213,980
513,788
383,960
210,164
587,965

29,612
60,844
47,143
35,682
70,650

1865 ________________
1864- _______________
1863 ________________
1862 ________________
186L _______________

1920 ________________ 430,001


1919 ________________ 141,132
1918 _______ - ________ 110,618

57.6
59.0
55.9

81,890
26,373
21,349

307,589
97,341
76,098

40,522
17,418
13,171

Under
14 years

14 to 44
years

45 and
over

1860 ________________
1859 ________________
1858 ________________
1857 ________________
1856 ________________

179,691
155,509
144,906
271 ,982
224,496

58.6
58.2
57.8
53.9
57.8

28,620
24,670
25,914
50,548
42,732

133,919
114,110
102,921
177,093
141,986

16,795.
16,115
15,545
22,808
19,905

357
614
526
21,533
19,8'73

47 J467

33,320
30,935

1855 ________________
1854 ________________
1853 ________________
1852 ________________
1851 ________________

230,476
460,474
400,982
397 ;343
408,828

58.8
57.6
56.7
58.8
57.7

53,045
100,013
87,331
90,274
89,241

151,440
312,301
267,876
246,076
274,359

25,155
4'7,377
44,558
43,394
44,072

836
783
1,217
17 ,599
1,156

1850 5 _______________
1850 ________________
1849 ________________
1848 ________________
1847 ________________

65,570
315,334
299,683
229,483
239,482

62.2
58.9
57.9

13,825
62,543
67,331
53,213
57,161

43,699
181,468
200,899
151,148
156,627

7,621
26,085
30,679
23,066
20,800

425
45,238
174
2,056
4,894

57.5
57.7
56.0
57.4
61.0

36,878
26,182
19,913
14,930
25,516

103,263
79,448
54,745
34.,606
74,499

17,160
12,059
8,655
5,197
9,709

1,348
2,207
1,451
1,796
1,256

61. 5
64.2
64 .. 0
63.3
63.4

19,732
21,727
15,167
8,822
16,014

58,864
62,461
51,063
28,713
54,312

8,590
7,556
7,201
5,748
8,421

619
463
1,235
1,876
6,212

63.8
62.0
67.8
67.5
65.6

16,665
10,635
15,383
17,425
1,946

54,738
32,412
42,811
35,002
3,774

8,141
5,431
6,818
4,855
425

1,428
238
2,936
2,643
1,158

72.5
65.2
65.4

16,485
7,040
2,878
3,686
8,117

31,069
13,598
6,347
11,603
18,397

4,273
1,863
1,173
1,764
3,036

2,524
1,379
14,439
7,460
634

71.7
70.9
74.2
80.1
79.0

3,905
2,261
1,825
94
17

14,089
10,025
9,392
6,550
5,314

2,148
1,281
1,151
1,106
984

1,635
341
490
1,877
1,950

77.5
74.2
69.8

51
170
1,813

5,430
7,047
6,064

956
1,396
1,518

2,112
3,031
1,416

295,403
298,826

59.1
61.0

47,070

214,616
220,821

1915 _________ - ___ - -1914 ________________


1913 ____________ ---1912 ________________
191L __________ -----

326,700
1,218,480
1,197,892
838,172
878,587

57.2
65.6
67.5
63.2
64.9

52,982
158,621
147,158
113,700
117,837

244,472
981,692
986,355
678,480
714,709

29,246
78,167
64,379
45,992
46,041

1910 ________________
1909 ___________ ----1908 ________________
1907 _____ c __________
1906 _________ -- --- __

1,041,570
751,786
782,870
1,285,349
1,100,735

70.7
69.2
64.8
72.4
69.5

120,509 868,310
88,393 624,876
112,148 630,671
138,344 1,100,771
136,273 913,955

52,751
38,517
40,051
46,234
50,507

1905 ___________ - ____


1904 ________________
1903 ________________
1902 ________________
1901 __________ - - ____

1,026,499
812,870
857,046'
648,743
487,918

70.6
67.6
71.5
71.9
67.9

114,668
109,150
102,431
74,063
62,562

855,419
657,155
714,053
539,254
396,516

56,412
46,565
40,562
35,426
28,840

54,624
43,983

370,382
248,187

23,566
19,545

Under
15 years

15 to 40
years

Over
40

59.2
58.5
61.9

38,267
38,627
52,741

164,905
165,181
254,519

26,127
27,024
36,007

57.6
59.3
63.8
62.4
63.2

33,289
41,755
57,392
8~ ,167
95,879

233,543
258,162
419,701
491,839
405,843

13,116
14,550
25,824
42,078
58,597

61.9
59.2
63.2
62.6
60.1

86,404
92,534
97,287
94,278
66,188

315,054
303,835
396,990
345,575
232,118

53,844
48,058
52,612
50,256
35,897

1916=== == ====== =====

1900 _____ - _______ __. 448,572


1899 ________________ 311,715

1898 ________________
1897 ________________ 229,299
1896 ___________ '_____ 230,832
343,267
1895 ________________ 279,948
1894 ________________ 314,467
1893 ________________ 502,917
1892 ________________ 623,084
1891 ________________ 560,319
1890 ________________ 455,302
1889 ________________ 444,427
1888 ________________ 546,889
1887 ________________ 490,109
1886 ________________ 334,203

67.8
62.6

---

1846 ________________ 158,649


1845 ________________
1844 ________________ 119,896
1843 6 _______________ 84,764
56,529
1842 __________ .______ 110,980
1841 ________________ 87,805
1840 ________________ 92,207
1839 ________________ 74,666
1838 ________________ 45,159
1837 ________________ 84,959
1836 __ _____________ 80,972
1835 ________________
1834 ________________ 48,716
67,948
1833 ________________
59,925
1832 6_______________
7,303
1832 ________________
54,351
1831 ________________ 23,880
1830 ________________ 24,837
1829 ________________ 24,513
1828:.. _______________ 30,184
1827 ________________ 21,777
1826 ________________ 13,908
1825 ________________
1824- _______________ 12,858
9,627
1823 ________________
8,265
1822 ________________
182L _______________ 118,549
,644
1820 ________________ 10,311

I Differences between totals in series B 304 and series B 331 for the years 1820 to
1868 may be due to the fact that the source of statistics was different. See text.
2 For years 1940-1944, figures in series B 334 include, and those in series B 335
exclude, immigrants 45 years old.
Not reported.

---- 60~O-

----64~4-

6 months ending June 30.

s 3 months ending December 31.


69 months ending September 30.

37

Data: B 337,...352

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS AND MIGRATION

Series B 337-349.-NATURALIZATION OF ALIENS-SEX AND FORMER ALLEGIANCE:


1907 TO 1945
ALIENS NATURALIZED

YEAR ENDING
JUNE 30

Declarations
filed

Petitions
filed

337

Total
naturalized

Sex

Place of former allegiance

Male

Female

Northwestern
Europe

Central
Europe

Eastern
Europe

Southern
Europe

Asia

Canada

Other
America

All
other

346

347

348

349

338

339

340

341

342

343

344

345

1945 ___________________ 31,195


1944 ___________________ 42,368
1943 ____' _______________ 115,664
1942 _____ _____________ 221,796
1941 ___________________ 224,123

195,917
325,717
377,125
343,487
277,807

231,402
441,979
318,933
270,364
277 ,294

116,691
202,698
157,663
112,040
136,348

114,711
239,281
161,270
158,324
140,946

57,997
114,801
122,708
117,607
96,.375

82,195
139,304
86,365
71,762
86,122

23,948
48,382
42,012
41,586
35,844

51,629
122,638
51,758
31,047
51,819

982
2,946
2,487
1,837
1,567

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

8,590
11,099
9,866
6,247
5,249

6,061
2,809
3,737
278
318

1940 ___________________
__________________
1938 ___________________
1937 ___________________
1936 ___________________

278,028
213,413
175,413
165,464
167,127

235,260
188,813
162,078
164,976
141,265

132,406
113,934
92,041
97,696
86, 77~

102,854
74,879
70,037
67,280
54,488

78,357
62,430
55,359
58,002
54,852

75,024
59,636
51,359
55,789
47,289

29,146
22,209
19,809
18,970
14,781

47,236
40,452
32,235
29,169
22,194

1,246
1,068
921
957
830

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

3,930
2,709
1,976
1,710
1,220

321
309
419
379
99

1935 ___________________ 136,524 131,378


1934 _____________ _____ 108,079 117,125
1933 ___________________
83,046 112,629
1932 ___________________ 101,345 131,062
145,474
106,272
1931 c - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1930 ___________________
62 ;138 113,151
1929 ___________________
255,519
1928 ___________________ 280,645
254,588 240,321
1927 ___________________ 258,295 240,339
1926 ___________________
277 .539/172 ,232
1925 ___________________ 277,218 162 ,~58
1924 ___________________ 424,540 177,117
1923 ___________________ 296,636 165,168
1922 __________ ________ 213 ,511 162,638
1921 ___________________ 303,904 195,534
1920 ___________________ 299,076 218,732
1919 ____________ " ______ 391,156 256,858
1918 ___________________ 342,283 169,507
1917 ___________________ 440,651 130,865
1916 ___________________ 209,204 108,767

118,945
113,669
113,363
136,600
' 143,495

82,182
82,465
78,293
95,901
106,715

36,763
31,204
35,070
40,699
36,780

44,695
39,481
40,795
39,123
38,465

39,554
38,859
37,068
43,334 .
48,041

11 ,825
11,476
12,544
14,884
17,428

21,171
20,349
19,498
24,851
27,793

710
678
687
:660
793

(2)

987
896
780
721,
989

93
1,930
1;991
2,883
2,813

169,377
224,728
233,155
199,804
146,331

120,572
167,665
181,875
165,833
121,561

48,805
57,063
51,280
33,971
24,770

38,915
50,554
46,059
37,293
28,317

56,540
72,267,
72,111
65,592
49,696

24,046
33,652
34,962
27,399
23,158

37,481
53,234
63,989
55,924
33,750

940
1,418
1,334

651
664
506
455
283

3,238
4,716
6,482
7,904
6,049

29,006
28,780 ,
29,107

55,262
55,915
56,112

23,154
23,348
22,897

. 31,671
32,232
28,392

290
270

6,061
4,200
2,030

,177,683
217,358
151,449
88,104
87,831

1915 ___________________
1914 ___________________
1913 ___________________
1912 ___________________
1911 ______________ c ____

1939~

203,536
155,691
150,673
176,195
148,118

18,576
152,457/133,881
150,510 135,739
14,771
145,084 139,073
6,011
170,447 --------- --------181,292 --------- ---------

2.47,958
214,104
182,095
171 ,133
189,249

106,399
124,475
95,380
95,661
74,740

91,848
,104,145
83,561
70,310
56,683

1910 _________________ :_ 169,348


1909 ___________________ 145,745
1908 ___________________ 137,571
1907 , __________________
73,658

55,750
43,141
44,032
21,113

39,448
38,374
25,975
7,941

--------- ---------

10,144
7,173

(3)
(3)

7,566
8,223
7,712
5,237
5,078

(3)
(3)
(3)

1,013
5,765
6,546

(8)

-_____ ---1---- _____ --------- ----------_ ... ----- --- ... _----

--------- --------- --------- --------- ----. ---- ---------

1 See
j

--------- ---------

(2)
(2)

text for list of countries.


Included in Northwestern Europe as part of British Empire.

S
j

Included in "All other."


Period, September 27, 1906, to June 30, 1907.

Series B350-352.-IMMIGRATION-NONIMMIGRANT ALIENS ADMITTED AND ALIENS


DEPARTED: 1906 TO 1945
YEAR ENDING
JUNE 30

1945 __________
1944 __________
1943 __________
1942 __________
194L _________

Admitted,
nonimmigrant
aliens

Nonemigrant

Emigrant

350

351

352

85,920
78,740
53,615
67,189
71 ,362

7,442
5,669
5,107
7,363
17,115

164,247
113,641
81,117
82,457
100,008

ALIENS DEPARTED

1940 ____ .: _____


1939 __________
1938 __________
1937 __________
1936 __________

138,032
185,333
184,802
181,640
154,570

144,703
174,758
197,404
197,846
157,467

21,461
26,651
25,210
26,736
35,817

1935 __________
1934- _________
1933 __________
1932 __________

144,765
134,434
127,660
189,295

150,216
137,401
]63,721
184,362

38,834
39,771
80,081
103,295

38

YEAR ENDING
JUNE 30

Admitted,
nonimmigrant
aliens

Nonemigrant

Emigrant

350

351

352

ALIENS DEPARTED

193L _________

183,540

229,034

61,882

1930 __________
1929 __________
1928 __________
192L _________
1926 __________

204,514
199,649
193,376
202,826
191,618

221,764
183,295
196,899
180,142
150,763

50,661
69,203
77,457
73,366
76,992

1925 __________
1924 __________
1923 __________
1922 __________
192L _________

164,121
172,406
150,487
122,949
172,935

132 ;762
139,956
119,136
146,672
178,313

92,728
76,789
81,450
198,712
247,718

1920 __________
19]9 __________

191,575
95,889

139,747
92,709

288,315
123,522

YFlAR ENDING
JUNE 30

Admitted,
nonimmigrant
aliens

Nonemigrant

Emigrant

350

351

352

ALIENS DEPARTED

1918 _________
191L ________
1916 _________

101,235
67,474
67,922

98,683
80,102
111,042

94,585
66,277
129,765

1915'_________
1914- ________
_______
1912 _________
191L ________

107,544
184,601
229.335
178,983
151,713

18'0,100
330,467
303,734
282,030
222,549

204,074
303,838
308,190
333,262
295,666

1910 _________
1909 _________
1908 _________
190L ________
1906 _________

156,467
192,449
141,825
153,120
65,618

177,982
174,590
319,755

202,436
225,802
395,073

1913_~

----------- -----------

----- ------ -----------

Chapter C. Vital Statistics, Health, and Nutrition (Series C 1-155)


Vital Statistics: Series C 1-78

estimated population excluding the armed forces overseas. Crude


marriage rates for 1917-1919 and 1940-1945 are based on total
C 1-78. General note. Vital statistics, including statistics of
estimated population excluding armed forces overseas, and crude
births, deaths, and marriages and divorces, are compiled on a nadivorce rates for the same years on estimated population including'
tional basis by the National Office of Vital Statistics, United States
armed forces overseas.
PubJ.ic Health Service. Prior to the transfer of the vital statistics
C 1-5. Growth of the birth- and death-registration areas, 1900functions of the Federal government, on July 16, 1946, from the
Department of Commerce to the Federal Security Agency, this 1945. SOURCE: For 1900-1944, see Bureau of the Census, Vital
activity was carried on in the Bureau of the Census. All tabulations Statistics of the United States, 1944, part I, table B, p. VI; for
of births, deaths, and stillbirths made by the United States Public 1945, see United States Public Health Service, National Office of
Health Service utilize data from transcripts or microfilm copies of Vital Statistics, "United States Summary of Vital Statistics,
the original birth, death, and stillbirth certificates that are received 1945," Vital Statistics-Special Reports, vol. 26, No.1, table B,
from registration officials of States and cities, and of the outlying p. 8. See also general note for series C 1-78, above.
The first birth and death statistics published by the, Federal
territories and pos~essions of the United States. At present, tabuGovernment were collected during the decennial Census of 1850
lations of marriages and divorces are limited to numbers occurring,
obtained annually from State registration officials; and to num- and covered the entire United States. Similar collections were
bers of marriage licenses issued, obtained monthly from State and made at each census up to and including ~ Census of 1900, but
because of the time interva,I between the a currence of a birth or
county officials.
Completeness of registration.-Although every State has a death and the census enumeration, the re orts were inaccurate
"--------adopted a vital statistics law requiring the registration of all births and incomplete.
Death-registration areas.-In 1880, the Bureau of the Census
and deaths, these laws are not uniformly enforced. In most States
where the registration organization is well established and where established a national "registration area" for deaths, consisting
the persons responsible for filing certificates appreciate the value of only two States-Massachusetts and New Jersey. In addition,
of registration to the individual as weI] as its value for statistical the District of Columbia and several large cities had efficient
purposes, practically all births and deaths are registered. ',In other systems for the registration of births a:nd deaths. By 1900 eight
States, however, the underregistration is enough to affect the use other States had been admitted to the registration area. For the
years 1880, 1890, and 1900, mortality data were received from the
of tabulated data for certain purposes.
Detailed information on the completeness of death registration States and cities included in this expanding area; but birth and
in each State is not available. One condition required for admission death figures for the entire country were still compiled from the
to the national registration areas was that there exist a demon- leports of census enumerators. Reliable annual series of morstrated completeness of registration of at least 90 percent. Using tality statistics are available for Massachusetts over a longer
this as a criterion, all of the States were admitted to theregistra- period, and several of them have been included in this volume.
tion areas by 1933, and although registration has become more (See series C 53-55 and C 62-64.)
complete in most States, it is possible that there has been regression
The annual collection of mortality statistics for the death-rein others. It is believed that death registration is more complete gistration area began with the calendar year 1900. In 1902, the
than birth registration.
Bureau of the Census was authorized to obtain, annually, copies
The first Nation-wide test of completeness of birth registration of records filed in the vital statistics offices of those States and
, was made by the Bureau of the Census in connection with the cities having adequate death-registration systems. At that time
,decennial Census in 1940. In that test, it was found that the not all States had enacted laws requiring the registration of
registration of births in the United States was 92.5 percent com- deaths, and in many States the existing laws were poorly enforced.
plete. (See Vital Statistics-Special Reports, vol. 17, No. 18,
The death-registration area for 1900 consisted of 10 States, the
p. 227, Bureau of the Census, Washington,D. C., 1943.)
District of Columbia, and a number of cities located in nonregisWith respect to registration completeness for stillbirths, and tration States, included 40.5 percent of the population of the con~
for marriages and divorces, see text for series C 38 and C 77-78, , tinental United States, was predominantly urban, and was characterized by a high proportion of white persons. If reporting
respecti vely.
cities
located in nonregistration States are excluded, the popuComparability of prewar and wartime rates.-For the war period,
1940-1945, crude birth and death rates (series C 24 and C 45) as lation of the death-registration States comprised only 26.2 perconventionally computed are not entirely comparable with those cent of the total population of the United States.
Birth-registration areas.-As it is more difficult to obtain acior prewar years as measures of general fertility and mortality.
The transfer overseas of several million men caused changes in the curate and complete registration of births than of deaths, the
,age and sex composition of the population in the continental United national birth-registration area was not established until 1915.
States. The selection of men for military service overseas also The original birth-registration area of 1915 consisted of 10 States
changed the characteristics of the continental population with and the District of Columbia. Since 1933, the birth- and death:respect to physical fitness. These factors affect the interpretation registration areas haTe included all 48 States.
,of conventional crude birth and death rates.
Geographic coverage.-Prior to 1940, most of the national mor
Population bases for rates.-In order to present crudQ birth and t!llity tabulations were based on data collected from the registra.
-death rates that will be most useful for comparative purposes, tion areas. Beginning with 1940 all published material for the
different population bases were selected for the various rates. The United States relating to the period prior to the completion of
crude birth rate (series C 24) for the United States for1940-1945 the death-registration area in 1933 includes only findings for the
is based upon the total estimated population including the armed registration States and excludes the cities in nonregistration
forces overseas; the crude death rate (seriesC 45) is based on the States. This change decreases the mortality statistic!! coverage of

39

'l'ext:

e 1-41

VITAL STATISTICS, HEALTH, AND NUTRITION

the United States, but it has its advantages in that more reliable
population estimates are available for the registration States than
for the registration areas. No change in coverage has been made
for natality statistics since the birth-registration areas at no time
included cities in nonregistration States.
Because of the growth of the areas for which data have been
collected and tabulated, it is impossib.1e to obtain a national series
of geographically comparable data prior to 1933. However, rates
for the expanding groups of registration States are approximationR
to complete national rates, and general comparisons over a long
period of years may be made. More exact trends for parts of the
United States can be secured through the use of some constant.
area, ~uch as the original registration States, or the registration
States of 1920.
e 6-21. Complete expectation of life, 1789-1945. SOURCES:
See below. The complete expectation of life at a specified age is
the average number of years lived by members of a hypothetical
cohort of individuals, assumed to be subject throughout the remainder of their lives to the age-specific mortality rates obseiTed
in a given time period.

see National Office of Vital Statistics, "United States Summary of


Vital Statistics, 1945," Vital Statistics-Special Reports, vol. 26,
No.1, table G, p.ll. These are age-specific rates which express the
number of births to women in a specified age group per 1,000
female population of that age group.

e 37. Gross reproduction rates, 1918-1945. SOURCE: For 19181944, see National Office of Vital Statistics, "Births by Age of
Mother, Race, and Birth Order, United States and Each State,.
1944," Vital Statistics-Special Reports, vol. 25, No.9, table A,
p. 143; for 1945 the figures represent an unpublished special com~
putation.
The gross reproduction rate represents the number of daughters
a hypothetical cohort of 1,000 women entering the childbearing
period would have during their lives, if they were subject to the
given set of age-specific birth rates, and if none of the cohort were
to die before childbearing period was completed. The rate may be
defined as the sum of the age-specifiC' birth rates of female infants
per 1,000 women of each single year of age. In computing the
gross reproduction rates in this table, the age:'specific rates for
the five-year age groups have been multiplied by five, summed,
and the total for all age groups multiplied by the proportion
which female births formed of all births. The rates have not been
corrected for incomplete registratiori of births.
Assuming no migration, if the gross reproduction rate remained
below 1,000, for example, no improvement in mortality alone
could prevent the population from declining when a stable age
distribution had been reached. In short, the gross reproduction
rate represents the maximum possible replacement which might
be expected from the given set of age-specific birth rates. However,
only in this sense of maximum possible replacement is the gross
reproduction rate a measure of population replacement.

e 6-13. Expectation of life of the white population in the United


States, 190()-'1902 to 1945. SOURCES: For 1900-1902 to 19291931, see United States Bureau of the Census, United States Life
Tables, 1900-1931, pp. 4-7, 20-23, 28-31, and 40-51; for 19301939, see United States Bureau of the Census, United States Life
Tables, 1930-1939 (Preliminary); for White and Nonwhite by Sex,
pp. 4-7, tables 1 and 2; for 1939-1941, see Bureau of the Census,
United States Life Tables and Actuarial Tables, 1939-1941, pp. 3437, tables 5 and 6; for 1945, see National Office of Vital Statistics,
Vital Statistics-Special Reports, vol. 23, No. 11, p. 248, table 1.
See also text for series e 6-21, above.
e 38. Stillbirth ratios, 1922-1945. SOURCE: For 1922-1940, see
e 14--21. Expectation of life in Massachusetts, 1789 to 1929-31.
SOURCE: For 1789 see Sydenstricker, Edgar, in Recent Social Bureau of the Census, Vital Statistics Rates in the United States,
Trends in the United States, Report of the President's Research 1900-1943, table 41, pp. 654-655; for 1941-1945, see National
Committee on Social Trends, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1933, p. Office of Vital Statistics, "United States Summary of Vital Statis605, table 1; for 1850, see Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., Sta- tics," Vital Statistics-Special Reports, 1944, vol. 24, No.1, and
tistical Bulletin, vol. 9, No.3, March 1928, pp. 7-8; for 1855, see 1945, vol. 26, No.1, table A, p. 7. See also general note for series
Sydenstricker, cited above; for 187-8-1882, see Metropolitan Life e 1-78, above.
Insurance Co., cited above; for 1890, see United States Bureau of
No exact information is available concerning completeness of
the Census, United States Life Tabies, 1890, 1901, 1910, and 1901- stillbirth registration, but it is believed to be less complete than
1910, tables 41-46, pp. 132-143; for 1893-1897, see Metropolitan registration of live births. The comparability of the trend of stillLife Insurance Co., cited above; for 1900-1902 and 1909:"'1911 birth ratios is also affected by the differing definitions of stillbirth
see Bureau of the Census, cited above; for 1919-1920, see Syden- followed by the various States. The ratios published here are
stricker, cited above, and United States Bureau of the Census, based on an expanding registration area (see series C 1-5) to which
United States Abridged Life Tables, 1919-1920, tables 9 and 10, States With differing definitions, and even changing definitions,
pp. 24-27; for 1929-1931, see National Resources Committee, were periodically being added.
Population Statistics 2, State Data, p. 38. See also text for series
e 39-44. Infant and maternal mortality rates, 1915-1945.
C 6-21, above.
SOURCES: See detailed listing below.
C 22-23. Number of children under 5 years old per 1,000
e 39-41. Infant mortalify rates, by color, 191$--1945. SOURCES:
women 20 to 44 years old, 1800-1940. SOURCE: Department of For 1915-1940, see Bureau of the Census, Vital Statistics Rates in
Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Forecasts of the Population of the United States, 1900-1940, table 26, pp. 572-575; for 1941-1945,
the United States, 1945-1975, by P. K. Whelpton, Washington, see National Office of Vital Statistics, "United States Summary
D. C., 1947, table 14, p. 16. All ratios have been adjusted for un- of Vital Statistics," Vital Statistics-Special Reports, 1944, vol.
derenumeration of children, and all except those for whites in 24, No.1, and 1945, vol. 26, No.1, table D, p. 9.
1800-1820 have been standardized to the age distributjonof United
The figures published here are infant mortality rates not corStates women in 1930. Ratios for census years 1800-1840 are estirected for changing number of births. These crude rates will not
mated from data on children under 10 years old.
exactly reflect changes in infant mortality during periods in which
e 24-26. Birthrates by race, 1915-1945. SOURCES: For 1915- the annual number of births is changing rapidly. This rate relates
1939, see Bureau of the Census records, and Vital Statistics Rates all infant deaths occurring during a given year to the number of
in the United States, 1900-1940, table 45, p. 668; for 1940-1945, live births which occurred during that year. However, the group
see National Office of Vital Statistics, "United States Summary of of infants dying during a specified year is comprised of infants born
Vital Statistics," 1944 and 1945, Vital Statistics-Special Reports, in the same or in the previous year. A more accurate measure of
vol. 24, No.1, p. 9, and vol. 26, No.1, table D, p. 9. See also gen- infant mortality can 'be obtained by relating infant deaths during
eral note for series e 1-78 and text for series e 1-5.
a specified year to the year in which those infants were born. See
Bureau of the Census, "Effect of Changing Birth Rates Upon
C 27-36. Birth rates by age of mother, 1918-1945. SOURCES:
For 1918-1939, see Bureau of the Census, Vital Statistics Rates in Infant Mortality Rates," Vital Statistics-Special Reports, vol.
.
the United States, 1900-1940, table 46, p.669; for 1940-1945, 19, No. 21.
40

VITAL STATISTICS

Text: C 42-78

Death used in conjunction with the fifth revision of the International List is practically identical with that of 1933, with the
exception of alterations required by changes in the International
List itself. Changes in the Manual of Joint Causes of Death have
been kept to a minimum, since changes in these relationships
tend to disrupt statistical continuity.
Apart from the question of comparability between areas, there
C 45-55. Death rates by race and sex, 1865:...1945. SOURCE: See
detaild listings below. See also general note for series C 1-78 and is the additional problem of comparability for a given area between years. To a certain extent, time-trend studies of causes of
text for series C 1-5.
C 45-51. Death rates by race and sex, death-registration States, death would be facilitated if the International List were main1900-1945. SOURCES: For 1900-1939; s~e Bureau of the Census, tained without change over a long period of years. However, if the
Vital Statistics Rates in the United States, 1900-1940, table 3, p. list were rigidly fixed it would soon be inconsistent with current
127; for 1940-1945, see National Office of Vital Statistics, "United medical knowledge and terminology. To obtain the advantages of
States Summary of Vital Statistics, 1945," Vital Statistics-Special frequent revision, and yet to retain a fixed list for a number of
years, revisions of the list are made at an international conference
Reports, vol. 26, No.1, table R, p. 14.
every 10 years. In the process of revision, some causes of death inC 52. Age-adjusted death rates, 1900-1945. SOURCE: For
cluded under one title may be transferred to other titles. Definite
1900-1940, see Bureau of the Census, "Age-Adjusted Death Rates
discontinuities are introduced into ~he time trends of death rates
in the United States, 1900-1940," Vital Statistics-Special Reports,
for certain specific causes of death, as indicated by a recent study
vol. 23, No.1, table 3, p. 17; for 1941-1945, see Federal Security
(Dunn, Halbert L., and Shackley, William, "Comparison of CauseAgency, United States Public Health Service; annual report, Vital
of-Death Assignments by the 1929 and 1938 revisions of the InStatistics of the United States, 1945, table AJ, p. XXIX, part 1.
ternational List: Deaths in the United States, 1940," Bureau of
The age-adjusted death rate is a convenient summary index that the Census, Vital Statistics-Special Reports, vol. 19, No. 14, pp.
"corrects" for differences in ag~ composition. These rates were 153-278, 1944) on the comparability of titles in the 1929 and
computed by taking the age distribution of the 1940 population 1938 revisions of the International List.
as the "standard" without regard to sex, color, or other characImprovement in diagnostic procedures and development of
teristics. The age-specific death rates actually observed in a given medical knowledge and facilities are other important factors not
year were applied to the age distribution of this standard popu- to be overlooked in the study of changes in death rates for certain
lation and a total death rate was computed. Age-adjusted rates causes. For example, additional diagnostic cancer clinics located
are abstract figures and have no particular significance except in throughout the country may correctly diagnose many cancer
relation to other rates adjusted to the same standard popUlation. deaths that might otherwise be classified in another disease
Such age-adjusted rates should not be compared directly vlith classification or in the unknown or ill-defined cause group.
crude death rates. For more detail, see source cited above for
C 56-61. Death rates for selected causes, United States, 19001900-1940.
1945. SOURCES: For 1900-1940, see Bureau of the Census, Vital
C 53-55. Death rates by sex, Massachusetts, 1865-1945.
Statistics Rates in the United Staies, 1900-1940, table 14, pp. 248SoURCE: For 1865-1899, see 77th Ann'lJ,al Report of Vital Statistics
257; for 1941-1945, see National Office of Vital Statistics, "United
of Massachusetts, p. 125; for 1900-:1940, see Bureau of the CenStates Summary of Vital Statistics, 1945," Vital Statistics-Special
sus, Vital Statistics Rates in the United States, 1900-1940, table 3,
Reports, vol. 26, No.1, table N, pp. 16-17.
pp. 135-136: for 1940-1945, see National Office of Vital StatisC 62-64. Death rates for selected causes, Massachusetts,
tics, "United States Summary of Vital Statistics, 1945," Vital
1861-1945. SOURCES: For 1861-1899, see 77th Annual Report of
Statistics-Special Reports, vol. 26, No.1, table Y, p. 31.
Vital Statistics of Massachusetts; for 1900-1945, refer to Bureau of
C 56-64. Death rates, selected causes, 1861-1945. SOURCES: the Census and United States Public Health Service. Basic figures
See detailed listings below. The mortality data published by the a.re published in annual report, Vital Statistics of the United States.
United States Public Health Service are tabulated according to
C 65-76. Death rates by age, 1900-1945. SOURCE: For 1.900the numbers and titles of the detailed International List of Causes 1939, see Bureau of the Census, Vital Statistics Rates in the United
of Death. The International List is revised decennially in order States, 1900-1940, table 6, p. 169; for 1940-1945, refer to Bureau
that the terminology by which deaths are classified may be con- of the Census and United States Public Health Service. Basic
sistent with advances in medical science and changes in diag- figures are published in annual report, Vital Statistics of the United
nostic practice.
States.
A large proportion of the death certificates filed annually in
C 77-78. Estimated marriage and divorce rates, 1867-1945.
the United States report two or more diseases or conditions as SOURCE': National Office of Vital Statistics, "Marriage and Dicauses of death. These mUltiple .conditions or diseases are known vorce Statistics: United States, 1946," Vital Statistics-Special.
as joint causes of death. General statistical practice requires that Reports, vol. 27, No. 10. Estimates for earlier years were based on
cases involving more than one cause of death be charged to a data in the following reports: Commissioner of Labor, A Report
single cause rather than to a combination of causes, and it is nec- on Marriage and Divorce in the United States, 1867 to 1886; Bureau
essary to employ a selection process to determine the one cause of the Census, Marriage and Divorce, 1867-1906, Marriage and
to he assigned. The method of selection used has an important Divorce, 1916, and Marriage and Divorce, annual reports, 1922effect upon the resulting statistics.
1932; Stouffer, S. A., and L. M. Spencer, "Recent Increases in
In the French edition of the International List (1900) which Marriage and Divorce," A merican Journal of Sociology, vol. 44,
was adopted by the United States Government in 1920, certain No.4 (for 1933-1936); Bureau of the Census, "A Review of Marprinciples for determining the single cause to be selected from the riage and Divorce Statistics: United States, 1887-1937," "Estijoint causes given were incorporated as a part of the general mated Number of Marriages by State: United States, 1937classification scheme. As an outgrowth of practices in this country 1940," "Estimated Number of Divorces by State: United States,
following 1902, definite relationships among the various conditions 1937-1940," Vital Statistics-Special Reports, vol. 9, No. 60, vol.
represented by items in the International List were put into con- 15, Nos. 13 and 18; National Office of Vital Statistics, ('Marriage
crete form in the Manual of Joint Causes of Death, first published and Divorce in the United States, 1937-1945," Vital Statisticsin 1914, and revised in 1925 and 1933 to conform with successive Special Reports, vol. 23, No.9. Other reports are: National Office
revisions of the International List. The Manual of Joint Causes of of Vital Statistics, Monthly Marriage Report (marriage licenses
748706-49-4
4J
C 42-44. Maternal mortality rates; by race, 1915-1945. SOURCE:
For 1915-1940, see Bureau of the Census, Vital Statistics Rates in
the United States, 1900-1940, table 37, p. 622; for 1941-1945, see
National Office of Vital Statistics, "United States Summary of
Vital Statistics, " Vital Statistics-Special Reports, 1944, vol. 24,
No.1, and 1945, vol. 26, No.1, table D, p. 9.

VITAL STATISTICS, HEALTH, AND NUTRITION

Text: C 77-84

issued in major cities) 1939 to date; and Quarterly Marriage Report


(marriage license figures monthly, by State) 1944 to date.
The population figures used as bases for computing marriage
and divorce rates are identical for 1907 to 1916 and 1920 to 1939;
they differ for remaining years, as follows: For 1887 to 1906, the
population base figures exclude population of counties for which
marriage reports and divor~e reports, respectively, were not received. For the war years, 1917 to 1919 and 1940 to 1945, population base figures for marriage represent population present (excludes armed forces overseas); those for divorce represent total
population (includes armed forces overseas). For exact population
base figures, See Vital Statistics-~pecial Reports, vol. 23, No.9.
Marriage and divorce records are filed only at the county level
in many States, but gradually the various States are embodying
in their vital statistics laws a requirement that such records be
handled at the State level. Some form of centralization is now provided for marriage records in about two-thirds of the States, and
for divorce records in about" one-half of the States. The completeness of reporting to the State offices varies, and no tests have yet
been made on this subject. At the time of the decennial Census of
1940, planning was begun for national registration areas for marriages and for divorces, but was discontinued. At present, no such
areas have yet been established. (See National Office of Vital Statistics, Vital Statistics-Special Reports, vol. 27, No. 10, p. 172, for a
brief discussion of the 1940 project.)

Health: Series C 79-119


C 79-84. Physicians and dentists and medical and dental
schools, 1810-1945. SOURCES: See detailed listings below.

C 79. Number of physicians, 1850-1942. SOURCE: For 18501860, see reports of Population Census for these years; for 18701934, see Leland, R. G., Distribution of Physicians in the United
States .(revised) , American Medical Association, 1936, and Bureau
of the Census, Fifteenth Census of the United States, 1930, Population, vol. V, "Generai Report on Occupations"; for 1936-1942,
see biennial Directory of the American Medical Association.
The total number of physicians in continental United States
is available for approximately every second year from 1886 to
1942-from Polk's Medical Register and Directory of the United
Stqtes and Canada until 1906 and from the American Medical
Directory beginning in 1909. Leland estimates that there were
60,000 physicians in 1870 and 82,000 in 1880.
Data on the number of physicians are also available from the
Census of PopUlation for census years. Comparison of the census
data with those of Polk's Directory and the American Medical
Directory is shown in the following tabulation:
YEAR

~~!g:

CENSUS

~g~=

POLK OR A.M.A.

=tH: ~~g

1890 _____________________
104 ,805 _________________________
== ========= == ===== ==Hi:
== ===== === == ========== = 100,180

* Census figure includes osteopaths; A.M.A. figure is an estimate made by Leland.


The difference of approximately 10,000 between the 1940 census
figure and that of the American Medical Association is caused
largely by the inclusion in the latter, as in all figures back through
1870 shown in series C 79, of physicians who are retired or not in
practice for other reasons. The 1940 census figures refer to the
labor force, i. e., to persons employed or seeking work; earlier
census figures are largely for the gainfully occupied.
C 80-81. Number of medical schools and graduates, 1880-1945.
SOURCES: For 1880-1893, see "Report on Medical Education' and
Medical Colleges" in Fifteenth Annual Report of the State Board of
Health of Illinois, Springfield, Ill., 1894, and Leland, R. G., Distribution of Physicians in the United States (revised), American
Medical Association, 1936; for 1900-1935, see Leland; for 19361945, see Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 131,
No. 16, August 17, 1946.
42

Data on the number of medical schools and graduates in the


United States prior to 1900 are fragmentary and of dubious accuracy. Where two sets of figures are available, they are not in
agreement.
The sharp reduction in number of schools since 1906 is largely
the outcome of the inspection and classification system begun in
1904 by the American Medical Association.
Elimination of low-grade schools is reflected in the drop in
graduates between 1904 and 1922. The 77 approved schools in
operation today (1945) consist of 69 four-year schools, and 8 two-year
schools limited to teaching the basic sciences. Very few unapproved schools remain in existence. The sharp rise in 1944 graduates reflects the curriculum acceleration instituted during World
War II.
C 82. Number of dentists, 1810-1940, decennially. SOURCES:
For 1810-1880, see O'Rourke; John T., and Miner, Leroy M. S.,
Dental Educationin the United States, W. B. Saunders Co., 1941;
f.or 1890-1900, see Bureau of the Census, Twelfth Census of the
United States, 1900, Population, vol. II, part 2; for 1910-1930,
see Fifteenth Census, 1930, Population, vol. V; for 1940, see Sixteenth Census, 1940, Population, Comparative Occupation Statistics for the United States, 1870-1940.
C 83. Number of dental schools, 1840-1945. SOURCES: For
1840-1934, see Noyes, Frederick B., "Dental Education, 19111936," Oral Hygiene, vol. 26, No.1, Jan. 1936; for 1935-1945, see
Dental Students' Register, 1944, 1945, Council on Dental Education, American Dental Association.
Sources employed by Noyes for the number of schools were as
follows:
1840, 1841: Gies, W. J., Dental Education in the United
States and Canada, bulletin 19, Carnegie Foundation for Advancement of Teaching, 1926, p. 42.
1842-1925: Polk's Dental Register and Directory of the
United States and Canada, 1925, p. 35.
1926-1930: Gies, W. J., Additional Remarks on a Reference
to the Carnegie Foundation's Study of Dental Education, Journal of Dental Research, vol. 10, Feb. 1930, p. 32.
1931: Greenleaf, W. J., Dentistry, Career Series, Leaflet
No.7, Office of Education, pp. 7-10.
The data supplied by Gies and Greenleaf refer to the number of
schools offering courses in dentistry, while Polk's gives the number
of schools conferring degrees in each year.
The first dental school in the United States was organized in
1840. Prior to that time all physicians practiced some dentistry,
a few limiting their practice to this specialty. The dental practitioners who were not physicians learned their trade as apprentices
or were self-taught. From 1840 to 1880 apprentice training was
the chief source of supply, but by the end of this period most
States had enacted laws requiring graduation from a dental school.

C 84. Number of dental graduates, 1841-1945. SOURCES: For


1841-1931, same as series C 83; for 1932-1940, see O'Rourke, John
T., and Miner, Leroy M. S., Dental Education in the United States,
W. B. Saunders Company, 1941; for 1941-1945, same a' series
C83.
Noyes' sources for the number of graduates were:
1841-1908: Calculated from Koch, C. R. E., History OJ
Dental Surgery, pp. 402, 403.
1909: Polk's Dental Register and Directory of the United
States and Canada, 1925, p. 34.
1910-1930: Gies, W. J., Is the Influx of New Graduates
Commensurate With the Demand for Dental Service, or Should
the Educational Requirements be Altered? Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 18, April 1931, p. 593.
The number of graduates annually, 1841 to 1924, is also reported
in Polk's Dental Register,but the number of graduates for the
early years given there far exceeds the number shown in histories
of dentistry. Series C 84 presents the more conservative data.
The fluctuation in the number of graduates is "correlated (1)
with changes in the number of dental schools and in requirements
for admission, (2) with increase in State dental boards, and (3) to

HEALTH

Text: C 84-127

some extent with the ecollomic conditions of the country."


Local governmental hospitals refer to county, municipal, and
(O'Rourke and Miner, Dental Eaucation in the United States, p. joint city-county hospitals. The nonprofit hospitals which are not
310.)
church-owned are generally controlled by associations of citizens
or fraternal organizations. The proprietary hospitals are those
C 85-91. Selected reportable diseases, 1912-1945. SOURCE:
Various issues of Public Health Reports, United States Public operated for profit by individuals, partnerships, or corporations.
Health Service. Reporting communicable diseases is the concern of
C 118-119. Appropriations for and expenditures of the United
the several States, with reporting to the Federal government a States Public Health Service, 1798-1945. SOURCE: Records of
cooperative affair into which all the States have entered volun- Budget and Fiscal Office, United States Public Health Service.
tarily. Each State makes its own laws and regulations prescribing
The Service was founded as the Marine Hospital Service in 1798
the diseases to be reported, the agencies and persons required to to provide care for sick and disabled seamen. This care was
report, and penalties for failure to report. Morbidity reports vary
financed by a tax of 20 cents per month collected from all seamen
in completeness of reporting and no disease is completely reported.
employed on American vessels. For the first 14 years of its exisWhen the United States Public Health Service first requested tence, the Service's only Qther source of revenue was an approprimorbidity data from the State health authorities in 1912, only 19 ation of $1,000 in 1804. In 1884, the hospital tax was abolished
States and the District of Columbia responded. The diseases re- and a tonnage tax substituted which was collected until 1906.
ported were diphtheria, measles, poliomyelitis, scarlet fever,
With time the medical officers of the Service were given addituberculosis, typhoid fever, and smallpox. While the number of
tional duties, especially when epidemics occurred. In 1878, Condiseases reported has increased, there are only 12 diseases reported
gress authorized the Marine Hospital Service to cooperate with
by all the States. Some of the rates are based on a smaller number
State and local health authorities in the control of disease. The
of States than shown in series C 85, because of an occasional failact of 1893 in effect recognized the Marine Hospital Service as
ure by a State to report on some disease.
the Federal health service, and in 1902 the name was changed to
The form in which the reports are published by the United Public Health and Marine Hospital Service. In the same year
States Public Health Service has been changed several times. To the research branch of the Service was established as the Hygienic
present the data as shown here, rates were computed which do Laboratory. The present name of the Service was given to it in
not appear in the published reports. Since the data for 1912-1920 1912, and it was given the general authorization to investigate
were originally shown only for the individual States, a rate for the the diseases of man.
country was obtained for each disease by combining the inforThe expanding activitfes of the Service can be traced in the
mation for those States reporting the particular disease. From.
appropriations and expenditures from. year to year. In 1893,
1921 through 1923 many of the rates included cases occurring in
there was a large appropriation for preventing the spread of epithe Territories; these rates were recomputed to include only condemic disease. In 1918, a special appropriation was made for protinental United States.
tecting the. health of the military forces. The large amount for
C 92-]03. Hospital facilities by type of service, 1909-1945.
1919 included funds for hospital construction which could be exSOURCES: Annual reports for 1920-1945, Hospital Service in the pended over 4 years. The appropriations for 1920, 1921, and 1922
United States, Council on Medical Education and Hospitals, Amer- included large sums for hospital care of veterans of World War I.
ican Medical Association, Chicago, Illinois.
The sharp drop in the amount appropriated for 1923 reflects the
Statistical information on hospitals in the United States is transfer of veterans' hospitals to the Veterans' Bureau. Special
customarily obtained from the annual census of hospitals, the appropriations were made in 1931 and 1932 for health work in
results of which are published in Hospital Service in the United drought-stricken areas. With 1936, there began the appropriations
States, cited above. Although this annual census was begun in under the Social Security Act for grants-in-aid to the States for
1920, complete data on the number of hospital beds classified by the promotion of health services. During World War II approtype of service and by ownership or control are available only priations were made to the Public Health Service for a variety of
from 1927. Data prior to 1920 are fragmentary. The American war-related activities, including the Cadet Nurse Corps, Malaria
Medical Directory for the years 1909, 1914, and 1918 gives total Control in War Areas, and Venereal Disease Control.
number of hospitals and beds for those years.
Nutrition: Series C 120-155
The American Medical Association includes in its census only
the hospitals registered by it. The United States Bureau of the
C 120-127. Food production and consumption indexes and
Census reports that there were in 1939 a total of 3,513 unregis- nutrients available, 1909-1945. SOURCE: See detailed listings
tered institutions with a capacity of 89,614 beds (Vital Statistics- below.
Special Reports, vol. 13, No.2, "Hospital and Other Institutional
C 120. Index of volume of food production for sale and for farm
Facilities and Services, 1939").
home consumption, 1909-1945. SOURCE: Bureau of Agricultural
General hospitals accept patients for a variety of acute medical Economics. This index was derived by weighting the quantities of
and surgical conditions. The majority of them do not admit cases the major farm-produced foodstuffs sold or used in farm households
of contagious disease, tuberculosis, and nervous and mental dis- by average farm prices in 1935-1939.
ease. Hospitals for the mentally ill include institutions for the
C 121. Index of per capita food consumption, 1909-1945.
mentally deficient and the epileptic. Tuberculosis hospitals include sanatoria and preventoria, the latter emphasizing preventive SOURCES: See series C 128-155 below. This index was derived by
care, especially for children. The classification "all other" con- weighting per capita consumption of food, retail weight equivalent,
sists of hospitals devoted to treating some particular disease, or by average retail prices in 1935-1939. For method of estimating
group of diseases, or some particular group in the population. food consumption see series C 128-155 below.
Among the former are orthopedic, cancer, and eye, ear, nose and
C 122-127. Nutrients availab1e per capita per day, 1909-1945.
throat hospitals; the latter include children's and industrial SOURCE: Bureau of Human Nutrition and Home Economics,
hospitals.
Nutritive Value of the Per Capita Food Supply, 1909-1945, United
Statistics on patients in hospitals for mental disease are avail- States Department of Agriculture, Misc. Pub. No. 616,1947.
a.ble in annual reports Patients in Mental Institutions, issued by
These figures are averages for the total population, 1909-1940;
the Bureau of the Census.
and for the civilian popUlation only, 1941-1945. ,Data are computed by the B~reau of Human Nutrition and Home Economics
C 104-117. Hospital facilities by ownership or control, 19231945. SOURCES~ Same as for series C 92-103.
on the basis of estimates supplied by the Bureau of A"riculturaI
43

Text: C 122-155

VITAL STATISTICS, HEALTH, AND NUTRITION

Economics, of apparent civilian consumption (retail basis) including estimates of consumption from urban gardens. No deductions have been made in the nutrient estimates for the loss or waste
of food in the home, or for the destruction or loss of nutrients during the preparation of food. Deductions have been made for
inedible refuse.
The computations were made by multiplying the estimated
per capita quantity of each food consumed by appropriate foodcomposition figures. The composition values are those published
in Tables of Food Composition in Terms of Eleven Nutrients, United
States Department of Agriculture, Misc. Pub. No. 572, supplemented by a few unpubiished values compiled by the Bureau of
Human Nutrition and Home Economics.
Calories were estimated according to the Atwater system, which
was developed for use with the average mixed diet in this country.
This system results in higher caloric value than does the method
of calculation used by the Medical Research Council of the United
Kingdom, a point to be kept in mind when making comparisons
of the energy value of food supplies. It has been estimated that the
United Kingdom method gives figures about 150 calories lower per
capita per day than would have been derived if the method of
this analysis were used. See United States Department of
Agriculture, Food Consumption Levels in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom, 1944.
Within the last few years there has been enrichment or fortification of several types of foods with miJ?erals and vitamins. Composition figures used include these added minerals and vitamins.
Foods that are commonly enriched or fortified are white flour and
bread, breakfast cereals, and margarine.
.
The consumption of vitamins and mineral preparations other
than those used in the enrichment or in the fortification of foods
mentioned is not included here. Quantities of calcium or other
minerals added to flour to make it self-rising or phosphated ate
not included nor is the nutritive content of baking powder, yeast,
or dough conditioner.
.
C 128-155. Apparent civilian per capita consumption of food,
1849-1945. (Meats, fats and oils, 1899-1945; dairy products, 1849-

1945; poultry products, fruits and vegetables, wheat flour and cof~
fe_e, 1909-1945; sugar, 1875-1945; .peanuts, 1920-1945.) SOURCES:
National Food Situation, issued quarterly by Bureau of Agricultural Economics. From the annual supply of each food (production plus beginning stocks, plus imports) are deducted feed and
seed uses, industrial uses, exports and shipments, Government
purchases, and ending stocks. The residual is taken as a measure
of the quantitit-'s moving into domestic civilian consumption dur-

44

ing a given calendar year. Data used are from the following
sources:
Source of Data
Item
Stocks _______________ Bureau of Agricultural Economics,
Department of Commerce, stock reports of Production and Marketing
Administration, trade reports.
Production ___________ Bureau of Agricultural Economics,
Supply Estimates Committee of the
Department of Agriculture, Fish and
Wild Life Service of the Department
of the Interior.
Foreign trade _________ Department of Commerce, shipment
data of Production and Marketing
Administration.
Nonfood use __________ Bureau of Agricultural Economics.
Military procurement __ Special reports submitted to the Department of Agriculture.
Data on military takings during World War I were so incomplete that they could not be used. Accordingly, data on total
domestic food "disappearance" for the years 1909-1940 were
divided by the total population. For the years 1941-1945, the
total food supplies available for civilian consumption were divided
by the number of people eating from civilian supplies. Adjustments were made for members of the armed forces on leave or for
other reasons eating in homes or restaurants in this country.
The basic disappearance data are in varied terms, such as the
dressed weight of meats at the slaughter level and the farm weight
of fresh fruits and vegetables. This results from the diversity in
the levels of distribution at which data on production and utilization are currently available. However, such variation does not
impede comparisons for a given food through time. Although
disappearance data are not the same as consumption data, since
they measure the quantities of food going into the distribution
system instead of the quantities bought by consumers or consumed by consumers, they are the only available estimates of
consumption. The possibility of error is present throughout, but
the data are internally consistent. All disappearance data are on
a national basis and no regional or State estimates can be made
without the collection of much additional statistical information.
Some scattered data that are basic to estimates of apparent
consumption have been gathered from decennial censuses prior to
1900. The food production data from the Census of Agriculture
for 1910 were more complete, and are the first important benchmark for most food consumption estimates. The completeness
and accuracy of the data have been greatly improved as the crop
reporting system has developed. Data on consumption of major
foods since about 1924 are viewed as much more reliable and
comparable.

Data: C 1-23

VITAL STATISTICS

'Series C I-5.-VITAL STATISTICS-GROWTH OF BIRTH- AND DEATH-REGISTRATION


STATES: 1900 TO 1945
BIRTH-REGISTRATION
STATES

Continental
United
States,
midyear
population

YEAR

Midyear population

Number of
Percent of States!
total

Number

-------

-------

48
48
48
48
48

2131,975,774
132,552,005
2133,966,319
2 133,770,500
2 133,060,045

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

48
48
48
48
48

1940 __ 2131,954,144 1131,970,224 100.0


1939 __
130,879,718 130 ,879 ,718 100.0
1938 __ 129 ,824,939 129,824,939 100.0
193L_ 128,824,829 128.824.829 100.0
1936 __ 128,053,180 128 ;053; 180 100.0

48
48
48
48
48

2131,954,144
130 ,879 ,718
129,824,939
128,824,829
128 ,053 ,180

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

48
48
48
48
48

1935 __
1934._
1933 __
19i12 __
1931-_

127,250,232
126,373 ,773
125,578,763
124,840,471
124,039 ,648

127,250,232 100.0
126,373,773 100.0
125,57&;763 100.0
118 ,903 ,899 95.2
117,455,229 94.7

48
48
48
47
46

127,250,232 100.0
126,373,773 100.0
125 ,578 ,763 100.0
118 ,903,899 95.2
118,148,987 95.3

48
48
48
47
47

1930 __
1929 __
1928 __
1927 __
1926 __

123,076,741
121 ,769,939
120,501,115
119 ,038 ,062
117,399,225

116,544,946
115,317,450
113,636,160
104,320,830
90,460,590

94.7
94.7
94.3
87.6
77.0

46
46
44
40
35

117,238 ,278
115,317,450
113,636,160
107,084,532
103,822,683

95.3
94.7
94.3
90.0
88.4

47
46
44
42
41

1925 __
1924-_
1923 __
1922 __

115,831,963
114,113 ,463
111 ,949,945
110,054,778

88,294,564
87,000,295
81,072,123
79,560,746

76.2
76.2
72.4
72.3

33
33
30
,30

102,031,555
99,318,098
96,788,197
92,702,901

88.1
87.0
86.5
84.2

40
39
38
37

1945 __
1944 __
1943 __
1942 __
1941-_

'131,975,774
' 132,552,005
'133,966,319
2 133 ,770 ,500
2133,060,045

3 139,621,431
3138,083,449
'136,497,049
3 134 ,664 ,924
1133,202,873

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
10@.0

1 District of Columbia is included in both areas in all years, but is not included
in count of number of States.
.

Series C

6~21.-VITAL

YEAR

---

-------

--------

192L 108,541,489 70,807,090

65.2

27 87,814,447

80.9

34

1920_ 106,466,420 63,597,307


1919_ 104,512,110 61,212,076
1918_ 103,202,801 55,153,782
1917 _ 103,265,913 55,197,952
1916_ 101,965,984 32,944,013

59.7
58.6
53.4
53.5
32.3

23
22
20
20
11

86,079,263
83,157,982
79,008,412
70,234,775
66,971 ,177

80.9
79.6
76.6
68.0
65.7

34
33
30
27
26

10 61,894,847
60,963,309
58,156,740
54,847,700
53,929,644

61.6
6:.5
59.8
57.5
57.5

23

47,470,437
------- 44,223,513

51.4
48.9
43.6
39.1
39.5

18
17
15
15

26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.1

10
10
10
10
10

26.2

10

1915_
1914_
1913_
1912_
191L

100,549,013 31,096,697 30.9


99,117,567 ------- --- ------97,226,814 ---------- .. _.. -.- .. 95,33.1 ;300 ---------93,867,814

1910_
1909_
1908_
1907 _
1906_

92,406,536
90,491,525
88,708,976
87,000,271
85,436,556

---------- ------------_ ... --------------------

1905_
1904_
1903_
1902_
190L

83,819,666
82,164,974
80,632,152
79,160,196
77,585,128

21,767,980
---------- ------- ------- 21,332,076
---------20,943,222
---------20,582,907
---------20,237,453
------------------- ------- ------- 19,965,446

-------------

----------

1900_ 76,094,134

DEA TH-REGISTRA TION

STATES
STATES
Continental
United
Midyear population
Midyear population
States,
Nummidyear
NumPerber of
population
Perber of
Number cent of States! Number cent of States!
total
total

Midyear population

NumPerber of
cent of States!
total

Number

BIRTH-REGISTRATION

DEA TH-REGISTRATION
STATES

38,634,759
34,552,837
33,782,288

----------

24
24

22,
22

20

Excludes ~rmed forces overseas.


Includes armed forces overseas.

STATISTICS-COMPLETE EXPECTATION OF LIFE: 1789 TO 1945


[In years]

DEATH~REGISTRATION STATES I (WHITE POPULATION)

At birth

Age 20

Age 40

MASSACHUSlllTTS 2

Age 60

Age 40

Age 20

At birth

Age 60

PERIOD

Male

Female

Male

Female

.Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

----1-'----1--- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1945 ______
1939-4L __
1930-39 ___
1929-3L __
1920-29 ___

i~i:=~6===

64.4
62.81
60.6
59.12
57.85

69.5
67.29
64.5
62.67
60.62

48.6
47.76
46.8
46.02
45.84

52.9
51.38
49.7
48.52
47.46

30.6
30.03
29.6
29.22
29.35

34.4
33.25
32.2
31.52
30.97

15.4
15.05
14.9
14.72
14.75

17.8
17.00
16.4
16.05
15.70

-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -_ .. .,.- ------------------------------- -------- ---------------------31.23
46.14
28.96
14.34
59.29
62.63
48.50
15.79
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

__ ~~~~~ ___ ~~~~~ ___ ~~~~~ ___ ~~~~~ ___ ::~~~ ___ ~~~:~ ___ ~~~:~ ___ ~~~:~_ --54~07- --56~56- --44~6-- --45:5-- --28:8-- --30~ii-- --14:4:-- --15~4--

1909-1L __
50.23
53.62
42.71
44.88
27.43
29.26
13.98
14.92
49'.33
53.06
42.48
44.85
26.97
29.04
13.42
14.79
1901-10___ 49.32
52.54
42.39
44.39.27.55
29.28
14.17
15.09 __ : ____________________________________________________________ _
1900-02 ___ 48.23
51.08
42.19
43.77
27.74
29.17
14.35
15.23
46.07
49.42
4l.82
43.71
27.17
28.79
13.90
15.06
1893-97 ______________________ .____________________________________________ _
29.00
46.61
41.20
42.79
27.41
14.38
15.74
1890 _____________________________________________________________________ _ 44.09
40.66
27.37
28.76
14.73
44.46
42.03
15.70
1878-82 _________ ._________________________ _______________________________ _ 42.50
42.78
28.86
30.29
41.
74
43.50
42.17
15.60
16.91
1855 _____________________________________________________________________ _
40.9
39.8
39.9
27.0
28.8
14.4
15.6
1850 _____________________________________________________________________ _ 38.7
29.8
40.1
40.2
27.9
15.6
40.5
1'T .0
1789 _____________________________________________________________________ _ 38.3
25.2 .
26.9
34.2
34.3
14.8
34.5
36.5
16.1
~

! Data for the period 1929-31 to 1945 are for entire continental United States;
those for 1919-21 to 1920-29 are for the death registration States of 1920; those
for earlier years are for t.he death-registration States of 1900.

2 Massachusetts data for 1919-20 and 1929-31 are for white population only;
thosl? for 1789 are for 62 towns in Massachusetts and New Hampshire.

Series C 22-23.-VITAL STATISTICS-NUMBER OF CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS OLD


PER 1,000 WOMEN 20 TO 44 YEARS OLD: 1800 TO 1940
YEAR

1940 _______________________ _
1930 _______________ .________ _
1920 _______________________ _
1910 _______________________ _
1900 ___ - ___________________ _

White

Negro

22

23

419
506
604
631
666

513
554
608
736
845

YEAR

1890 _____________________ _
1880 _____________________ _
1870 _____________________ _
1860 _____________________ _
1850 ________ ~ __________ ~ __

White

Negro

22

23

685
780
814
905
892

930
1,090
997
1,072
1,087

YEAR

White
22

1840 _____________________ _
1830 _____________________ _
1820 _____________________ _
1810 _____________________ _
1800 _____________________ _

1,085
1,145
1,295
1,358
1,342

45

VITAL STATISTICS, HEALTH, AND NUTRITIQN

Data: C 24-44

Series C 24-38.-VITAL STATISTICS-BIRTH RATES, GROSS REPRODUCTION' RATES,


AND STILLBIRTH RATIOS: 1915 TO 1945
[ For birth-registration States. Population base for 1940-45 includes armed forces overseas. Excludes stillbirths except series C 38]
BIRTH RATES BY AGE OF MOTHER 3

BIRTH RATES BY RACE 1

All races White

YEAR

Nonwhite 2

Total

Gross
reproduction
rates

10 to 14 15 to 19 20 to 24 25 to 29 30 to 34 35 to 39 40 to 44 45 to 49 50 to 54
years
years
years
years
years
years
years
years
years

Stillbirth
ratios ~

------- - ------- - - - - - ---- --- --- ---- - - - - ----- - 24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

36

35

37

38

--- --- --- - - -- - - - - ----- - -------- - - ------- - -

1945 _______________
1944 ______________ ..:
1943 _______________
1942 _______________
1941. ______________

19.6
20.2
21.5
20.9
18.9

19.2
19.8
21.2
20.6
18.5

23.3
23.7
24.1
23.2
22.6

58.6
60.2
63.5
61.0
54.9

0.7
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.6

48.8
51.4
57.6
56.5
51.8

130.2
141.7
152.9
153.9
134.9

128.5
132.0
142.2
136.1
121.2

94.7
92.3
93.5
86.1
79.6

54.6
52.1
49.8
44.8
42.4

15.6
15.0
14.5
13.5
13.6

1.3
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.3

0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

1,154.3
1,182.8
1,246.5
1,196.8
1,084.2

26.6
27.0
26.7
28.2
29.9

1940 _______________
1939 _______________
1938 _______________
1937 _______________
1936 _______________

17.9
17.3
17.6
17.1
16.7

17.5
16.9
17.2
16.7
16.4

21.7
21.2
21.2
20.9
20.1

51. 9
50.3
51.2
49.7
48.8

0.6
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5

48.9
48.1
48.7
46.7
44.3

125.0
119.8
123.2
119.0
115.2

114.1
110.0
111.3
107.8
105.9

77.1
74.5
74.9
72.8
71. 9

41.8
41. 7
42.4
42.3
43.4

13.9
13.9
15.1
15.4
16.4

1.3
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8

0.0 1,028.6
0.1'
998.5
0.1 1,018.2
989.0
0.1
973.5
0.1

31.3
32.0
32.1
33.4
34.4

1935 ____ .___________


1934. ______________
1933 _______________
1932 _______________
1931. ______________

16.9
17.2
16.6
17.4
18.0

16.5
16.7
16.2
17.0
17.7

20.6
20.9
20.2
21.3
21.0

49.4
50.2
48.6
51.2
53.0

0.5
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4

44.7
44.3
42.1
44.4
46.0

114.7
114.8
109.2
115.3
118.7

107.0
108.4
104.7
109.8
112.9

73.5
76.9
74.5
79.3
82.4

45.4
45.9
46.8
50.-3
52.7

17.6
18.7
18.9
19.9
20.6

1.9
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.2

987.0
0.0
0.0 1,001.3
969.9
0.0
0.0 1,026.4
0.1 1,061.1

35.8
36.2
37.0
37.8
38.2

1930 _______________
1929 _______________
1928 _______________
1927 _______________
1926 _______________

18.9
18.8
19.7
20.5
20.5

18.6
18.5
19.4
20.2
20.2

21.6
21.3
22.1
23.6
25.0

55.9
56.0
58.6
61.4
61.7

0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.4

49.1
48.6
51.1
52.1
49.0

124.9
124.0
128.3
132.5
131.9

117.3
117.2
119.6
124.2
1262

87.7
86.9
92.7
98.2
100.2

56.1
57.1
61.5
65.7
66.2

21.8
22.1
23.9
25.5
25.8

2.4
2.5
2.7
2.7
2.8

0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1

1,118.4
1,115.7
1,167.6
1,218.1
1,221.8

39.2
39.5
40.2
38.8
38.1

1925 _______________
1924. ______________
1923 _______________
1922 ____'___________
1921. ______________

21.3
22:2
22.1
22.S
24.2

21. 0
21. 9
21.9
22.1
23.9

25.4
26.3
25.3
25.3
27.6

64.0
66.7
66.4
67.0
73.1

0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.4

50.1
50.9
48.2
47.9
52.4

134.7
141.5
138.7
138.5
150.4

131.1
135.3
137.3

'69.3
72.2
72.2
72.2
78.1

27.2
28.3
28.1
28.4
30.8

3.0
3.1
3.1
3.3
3.7

0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1

1,261.4
1,311.1
1,302.1
1,305.6
1,412.0

38.1
39.3
38.9

150.2

103.9
107.8
107.5
107.5
115.3

1920 _______________
1919 _______________
1918 _______________
1917. ______________
1916 _______________

23:7
22.4
24.7
24.5
24.9

23.5
22.3
24.8
24.5
25.0

27.0
24.9
24.3
24.3
20.4

71. 9
67.6
73.4

0.3
0.3
0.4

48.5
39.8
43.3

151.8
135 ..3
153.6

150.5
144.0
154.1

115.5
115.1
118.5

78.4
77.4
79.1

31.1
31.4
31.8

3.8
3.5
3.7

0.1 1,409.8 -------0.1 1,329.7 ---1'"'---0.1 1,420.0 --------

1915 _______________

25.0

25.1

18.4

HHS.<'S

39~4

--------

-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------------- -------- -------- -------- ------_.- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -....- -- ---------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

1 NUinber of births to women in specified race groups per 1,000 persons in the
total estimated midyear population of that race group.
? Mexicans included with white each year except 1932, 1933, and 1934.

3 Rates shown represent number of births to women in the specified age groups
per 1,000 female population of that group, based on estimated midyear population.
4 Includes births for which age of mother was not stated.
.1 Ratios are the number of stillbirths per 1,000 live births.

Series C 39-44.-VITAL STATISTICS-DEATH RATES, INFANT AND MATERNAL MORTALITY:


1915 TO 1945
[For birth-registration States. MeXIcans included with white each year except 1932, 1933, and 1934]
INFANT MORTALITY RATES 1
YEAR

MATERNAL MORTALITY RATES 2

Total

White

Nonwhite

Total

White

N'onwhite

39

40

41

42

43

44

1945 ______
1944. _____
1943 ______
1942 ______
1941. _____

38.3
39.8
40.4
40.4
45.3

35.6
36.9
37.5
37.3
41.2

57.0
60.3
62.5
64.6
74.8

2.1
2.3
2.5
2.6
3.2

1.7
1.9
2.1
2.2
2.7

1940 ______
1939 ______
1938 ______
1937. _____
193B-_____

47.0
48.0
51. 0
54.4
57.1

43.2
44.3
47.1
50.3
52.9

73.8
74.2
79.1
83.2
87.6

3.8
4.0
4.4
4.9
5.7

3.2
3.5
3.8
4.4
5.1

1935 ______
1934 ______
1933 ______
1932 ______
1931. _____

55.7
60.1
58.1
57.6
61.6

51. 9
54.5
52.8
53.3
57.4

83.2
94.4
91.3
86.2
93.1

5.8
5.9
6.2
6.3
6.6

5.3
5.4
5.6
5.8
6.0

MATERNAL MORTALITY RATES 2

Total

White

Nonwhite

Total

White

Nonwhite

39

40

41

42

43

44

4.5
5.1
5.1
5.4
6.8

1930 _____
1929 _____
1928 _____
1927 _____
1926 _____

64.6
67.6
68.7
64.6
73.3

60.1
63.2
64.4
60.6
70.0

99.9
102.2
106.2
100.1
111.8

6.7
7.0
6.9
6.5
6.6

6.1
6.3
6.3
5.9
6.2

11. 7
12.0
12.1
11.3
10.7 '

7.7
7.6
8.5
8.6
9.7

1925 _____
1924 _____
1923 _____
1922 _____
1921. ____

71. 7
70.8
77.1
76.2
75.6

68.3
66.8
73.5
73.2
72.5

110.8
112.9
117.4
110.0
108.5

6.5
6.6
6.7
6.6
6,8

6.0
6.1
6.3
6.3
6.4

11. 6
11.8
10.9
10.7
10.8

9.5
9.0
9.7
9.8
11.1

1920 _____
1919 _____
1918 _____
1917 _____
1916 _____
1915 _____

85.8
86.6
100.9
93.8
101. 0
99.9

82.1
83.0
97.4
90.5
99.0
98.6

131. 7
130.5.
161. 2
150.7
184.9
181.2

8.0
7.4
9.2
6.6
6,2
6.1

7.6
7.0
8.9
6.3
6.1
6.0

12.8
12.4
13.9
11. 8

Number of deaths lmder 1 year (exclusive of stillbirths) per 1,000 live births.

46

INFANT MORTALITY RATES 1


YEAR

Number of deaths from maternal causes per 1,000 live births.

11.8

10.6

Data: C 45-55

VIT AL STATISTICS

Series C 45-55.-VITAL STATISTICS-DEATH RATES, BY RACE AND SEX: 1865 TO 1945


[Exclusive of stillbirths. Rates, except series C 52, are number of deaths in specified group pel" 1,000 population of that group, based on estimated midyear population
MASSAdHUSETTS S

DEATH-REGISTRATION STATES

Total

Male

Female

Total

Male

Female

Ageadjusted
death
rates 2

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

White
All races

YEAR

45

---1945
1944
1943
1942
1941

Nonwhite

Total

Male

Female

53

54

55

, ____
, ____
, ____
, ____
, ____

10.6
10.6
10.9
10.4
10.5

10.5
10.4
10.7
10.1
10.2

12.6
12.3
12.2
11. 5
11.4

8.6
8.8
9.2
8.7
8.9

12.0
12.4
13.6
12.7
13.5

13.7
13.9
14.0
14.0
14.8

10.5
11. 0
11. 6
11.4
12.2

9.6
9.8
10.3
10.0
10.3

12.2
12.4
12.8
11.7
11.6

1940 , ____
1939 _____
1938 _____
1937 _____
1936 _____

10.7
10.6
10.6
11.3
11.6

10.4
10.3
10.3
10.8
11.1

11.6
11.3
11.3
12.0
12.3

9.2
9.2
9.2
9.6
9.9

13.8
13.5
14.0
14.9
15.4

15.1
14.7
15.2
16.4
16.9

12.5
12.4
12.9
13.4
13.9

10.7
10.7
10.9
11.7
12.2

11.9
11.6
11.2
11.8
11.8

12.6
12.3
12.0
12.7
12.6

11.1
10.9
10.4
11.0
11.0

1935 _____
1934 _____
1933 _____
1932 _____
1931. ____

~?9

10.6
10.6
10.3
10.5
10.6

11. 6
11.7
11.2
11.3
11. 5

9.5
9.6
9.3
9.6
9.6

14.3
14.8
14.1
14.5
15.5

15.6
16.0
15.1
15.4
16.5

13.0
13. Ii
13.1
13.5
14.5

11.6

10.7
10.9
11.1

11.6
11.9
12.1

11.5
11.7
11.9
11.6
11.5

12.2
12.6
12.6
12.2
12.1

10.8
10.9
11.2
11.1
10.9

11.3
11. 9
12.0
11.3
12.1

10.8
11.3
11.4
10.8
11.6

11.7
12.2
12;3
11. 6
12.3

9.8
10.4
10.5
10.0
10.8

16.3
16.9
17.1
16.4
17.8

17.4
18.0
18.0
17.2
18.7

15.3
15.8
16.2
15.6
16.9

12.5
13.2
13.4
12.6
13.5

11. 6
12.3
12.1
11. 7
12.6

12.2
12.8
12.6
12.2
13.1

11.1
11.8
11.7
11.2
12.0

1925 _____
1924. ____
1923 _____
1922 _____
1921. ____

11.7
11.6
12.1
11.7
11. 5

11.1
11.0
11.7
11.3
11.1

11.8
11.8
12.3
11.9
11.6

10.4
10.3
11.0
10.7
10.6

17.4
17.1
16.5
15.2
15.5

18.2
17.9
17.0
15.7
15.7

16.6
16.3
16.0
14.8
15.4

13.0
12.9
13.5
13.0
12.7

12.5
12.0
12.9
12.7
12.1

13.0
12.6
13.2
13.1
12.4

11.9
11.5
12.6
12.4
11.8

1920 _____
1919 _____
1918 _____
1917. ____
1916 _____

13.0
12.9
18.1
14.0
13.8

12.6
12.4
17.5
13.5
13.4

13.0
i3.0
19.3
14,6
14.4

12.1
11.8
15.8
12.4
12.4

17.7
17.9
25.6
20.4
19.1

17.8
18.1
26.7
21.4
19.9

17.5
17.8
24.4
19.4
18.4

14.2
14.0
19.0
15.3
15.1

13.8
13.8
21.3
15.2
15.1

13.9
14.3
23.5
16.2
16.1

13.6
13.3
19.3
14.2
14.2

1915 _____
1914 _____
1913 _____
1912 _____
1911. ____

13.2
13.3
13.8
13.6
13.9

12.9
13.0
13.5
13.4
13.7

13.7
13.9
14.5
14.3
14.5

12.0
12.1
12.5
12.4
12.8

20.2
20.2
20.3
20.6
21.3

20.8
20.9
21.0
21.3
21. 9

19.5
19.4
19.6
19.7
20.6

14.4
14.5
15.0
14.8
15.2

14.3
14.5
15.1
15.2
15.7

15.0
15.4
16.1
15.9
16.5

13.7
13.7
14.1
14.5
14.8

1910 _____
1909 _____
1908 _____
1907 _____
1906 _____

14.7
14.2
14.7
15.9
15.7

14.5
14.0
14.5
15.7
15.5

15.4
14.9
15.3
16.8
16.5

13.6
13.2
13.6
14.5
14.4

21. 7
21.8
22.4
24.3
24.2

22.3
22.3
22.8
25.0
24.7

21.0
21.2
22.0
23.5
23.6

15.8
15.3
15.8
17.1
16.7

16.1
15.4
15.8
16.9
16.2

17.0
16.1
16.7
17.8
17.1

15.3
14.7
15.0
16.1
15.4

1905 _____
1904 _____
1903 _____
. 1902 _____
1901. ____

15.9
16.4
15.6
15.5
16.4

15.7
16.2
11i.4
15.3
16.2

16.5
17.1
16.2
16.2
17.1

14.8
15.3
14.6
14.4
15.4

25.5
26.1
24.5
23.6
24.3

26.8
27.6
25.5
24.8
25.6

24.3
24.7
23.4
22.3
23.1

16.7
17.3
16.5
16.2
17.2

16.7
16.3
16.7
16.6
17.3

17.6
17.0
17.5
17.4
18.2

15.8
11i.7
15.9
15.9
16.3

1900 _____

17.2

17.0

17; 7

16.3

25.0

25.7

24.4

17.8

18.4

19.2

17.6

.L.L.l

1930~ ____
1929 _____
1928 _____
1927. ____
1926 _____

MASSACHUSETTS 3
YEAR

Total

Male

Female

53

54

55

---------

MASSACHUSETTS 3
YEAR

1899 _______
1898 _______
1897 _______
1896 _______

17.4 -------- -------17.5 -------- -------18.1 -------- -------19.3 -------- --------

1895 _______
1894. ______
1893 __ ____
1892 _______
1891. ______

1890 _____
1889 _____
1888 _____
1887. ____
1886 _____

19.0
19.9
18.2
19.1 -------- -------20.5 -------- -------20.9 -------- -------19.7 -------- --------

1885 _____
1884 _____
1883 _____
1882 _____

Total

Male

Female

-------- --------

MASSACHUSETTS

MASSACHUSETTS 3
YEAR

Total

Male

Female

--- - - ---- - - - - -- - 53
53
54
55
54
55
------ ------1881. ____
20.1 -------- -------19.4
20.0
18.9
19.2 -------- -------20.3
19.3
19.9 -------- -------- 1880 _____
19.8
19.8 -------- -------- 1879 _____
18.1 -------- -------18,'6 -------- -------- 1878 _____
18.1 -------- -------1877 _____
18.4 -------- -------1876 _____
19.6
19.8 -------- -------20.2
19.0
19.0 -------- -------21.8
20.5
20.1 -------- -------- 1875 _____
21. 7
1874 _____
19.9
18.6

Mexicans included with white each year except 1932, 1933, and 1934.
Computed by direct method using age distributions of the total population
enumerated in the United States in 1940 as the standard population.
I

11
"
.L.L.J

-------- --------

----------- - ---------------------- - ---------------------- - ---------------------- - ---------------------- - ------------

YEAR

Male
Female
--------54
55
53
Total

---------------------------

1873 _____
1872 _____
1871. ____

21. 6 -------22.9 -------18.7 --------

1870 _____
1869 _____
1868 _____
1867 _____
1866 _____
1865 _____

18.8
18.4
18.6
17.0
18.2
20.6

19.5

18:6

-------- --------------- --------- ------ ----------21:;;- ---i9~6-

3 Data for 1940 to 1945 are by place of residence; earlier years by place of occurrence.
4 Excludes armed forces overseas. For Massachusetts, 1940 male and female
rates based on enumerated population, April 1.

47

Data: C 56-64

VITAL STATISTICS, HEALTH, AND NUTRITION

Series C 56-64.-VITAL STATISTICS-DEATH RATES, SELECTED CAUSES: 1861 TO 1945


[Exclusive of stillbirths. Rates are number of deaths per 100,000 estimated midyear population]
MASSACHUSETTS

DEATH-REGISTRATION STATES

Tuberculosis
(all forms)

YEAR

56
1945
1944
1943
1942
1941

3 ___________
8___________

Diseases
of the
, heart I

Pneumonia
and
influenza 2

Cancer and
other malignant tumors

Diphtheria

Typhoid and
paratyphoid
fever

Respiratory
tuberculosis

Diphtheria

Typhoid and
paratyphoid
fever..

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

40.1
41. 3
42.6
43.1
44.5

321.5
315.4
318.3
295.2
290.2

51.8
61. 7
67.3
55.7
63.9

134.5
129.1
124.5
122.1
120.2

1.2
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.0

0.4
0.4
0.5
0.6
' 0.8

37.1
38.8
39.9
34.5
35.0

0.3
0.3
0.3
0 .. 2
0.3

0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1

1940 8 ___________
1939 ____________
1938 ____________
1937 ____________
1936 ____________

45.9
47.1
49.1
53.8
55.9

292.5
275.5
269.7
268.9
266.6

70.3
75.7
80.4
114.9
119.6

120.0
117.5
114.9
112.4
111.4

1.1
1.5
2.0
2.0
2.4

1.1
1.5
1.9
2.1
2.5

34.6
35.2
35.6
40.4
40.4

0.2
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.6

0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.2

1935 ____________
1934 ____________
1933 ____________
1932 ____________
193L ___________

55.1
56.7
59.6
62.5
67.8

245.4
240.3
228.0
224.1
213.4

104.2
96.9
95.7
107.3
107.5

108.2
106.4
102.3
102.3
99.0

3.1
3.3
3.9
4.4
4.8

2.8
3.4
3.6
3.7
4.5

42.9
43.9
48.2
48.4
54.7

0.7
1.2
2.0
2.5
3.1

0.3
0.3
0.6
0.6
0.7

1930 ____________
1929 ____________
1928 ____________
1927 ____________
1926 ____________

71.1
75.3
78.3
79.6
85.5

214.2
211.2
207.7
195.3
198.6

102.5
146.5
142.5
102.2
141.7

97.4
95.8
95.7
95.2
94.6

4.9
6.5
7.2
7.7
7.4

4.8
4.2
4.9
5.3
6.4

57.2
61.1
63.9
66.0
71.0

4.3
6.1
6.0
6.5
6.0

0.9

0.8
1.0
1.4

1925 ____________
1924 ____________
1923 ____________
1922 ____________
192L ___________

84.8
87.9
91. 7
95.3
97.6

184.8
175.7
174.0
165.0
156.2

121.7
115.2
151.7
132.3
98.7

92.0
90.4
88.4
86.2
85.5

7.8
9.3
12.0
14.6
17.7

7.8
6.6
6.7
7.4
8.8

70.1
72.7
75.9
79.5
81.5

8.0
12.9
14.4
14.9
U.S

1.8
1.7
1.7
2.2
3.1

1920 __' __________


1919 ____________
1918 ____________
1917 ____________
1916 ____________

113.1
125.6
149,8
143.5
138.4

159.6
147.9
171.6
169.9
167.2

207.3
223.0
588.5
164.5
163.3

83.4
81.0
80.8
80.8
81.0

15.3
14.9
14.0
15.6
13.9

7.6
9.2
12.3
13.3
13.2

96.&
111.1
141.1
124.9,
123.4

15.1
15.5
16.2
22.3
16.7

2.4
2.8
4.1
4.9
4.6

1915 ____________
1914- ___________
1913 ____________
1912 ____________
191L ___________

140.1
141.7
143.5
145.4
155.1

163.9
158.2
154.6
158.7
156.4

145.9
132.4
140.8
138.4
145.4

80.7
78.7
78.5
77.0
74.2

15.2
17.2
18.1
17.6
18.4

11.8
14.7
17.5
16; 1
20.1

116.8
117.9
121.3
127.5
132.0

19.8
18.0
17.7
14.4
17.2

6.7
7.6
7.9
7.8
9,2

1910 ____________
1909 ____________
1908 ____________
1907 ____________
1906 ____________

153.8
156.3
162.1
174.2
175.8

158.9
153.0
152.0
166.6
154.2

155.9
148.1
150.9
180.0
156.3

76.2
74.0
71.5
71.4
69.3

21.1
19.9
21.9
24.2
26.3

22.5
20.2
23.4
28.2
30.9

138.3
135.4
140.7
153.8
153.9

21.0
21.6
23.3
24.2
24.9

12.5
11.7
16.V
12.5
15,8

1905 ____________
1904 ____________
1903 ____________
1902 ____________
190L ___________

179.9
188.1
177.2
174.2
189.9

161.9
163.7
151.8
145.4
140.0

169.3
192.1
169.3
161.3
197.2

73.4
71.5
70.0
66.3
66.4

23.5
29.3
31.1
29.8
33.5

22.4
23.9
24.6
26.4
27.6

163.5
174.6
159.5
169.3
183.3

22.1
24.5
30.3
31.3
41.9

17.9
16.6
18,1
18.7
20,3

1900 ____________

194.4

137.4

202.2

64.0

40.3

31.3

190.3

52.8

22.1

8___________
3 ___________
3 ___________

MASSACHUSETTS

MASSACHUSETTS

YEAR

Respiratory
tuberculosis

--62

---- - - -

'.

Typhoid
Diphthe- and paratyphoid
ria
fever
63

64

1899 _____
1898 _____
1897 _____
1896 _____

190.4
197.4
207.4
216.4

3.8.2
26.4
54.5
65.5

22.3
24.7
23.2
28.3

1895 _____
1894- ____
1893 _____
1892 _____
189L ____

223.4
223.4
231.0
244.8
239.6

71.4
73.6
58.3
62.2
53.2

27.2
30.6
31.4
35.3
35.9

YEAR

Respiratory
tuberculosis

--62

63

1890 ____
1889 ____
1888 ____
1887 ____
1886 ____

258.6
256.5
270.8
285.6
295.1

72.6
101. 7
86.6
79.2
78.0

37.3
40.9
44.6
44.8
40.0

1885 ____
1884 ____
1883 ____
1882 ____
188L ___

306.6
303.6
316.0
317.9
324.5

78.4
86.2
86.4
96.0
131. 4

39.5
45.8
45.8
58,5
59.1

---

1 Excludes diseases of coronary arteries for 1900-1929. inciusive, and for,19391945, inclusive, certain terms relating to cardiorenal conditions, classified as nephritis, instead of heart disease.

48

YEAR

Respiratory
tuberculosis

---

Typhoid
Diphthe- and paratyphoid
ria
fever

YEAR

RespiTyphoid
ratory Diphthe- and paratyphoid
tuberria
fever
culosis

---

62

63

1880 ____
1879 ____
1878 ____
187L ___
1876 ____

308.1
297.4
308.4
320.4
317.6

134.3
130.6
145.5
186.6
196.4

49.5
36.3
39.3
47.8
52.5

1870 ____
1869 ____
1868 ____
1867: ____
1866 ____

1875 ____
1874- ___
1873 ____
1872 ____
187L ___

347.4
328.0
353.6
362.6
339.3

113.8
56.7
47.4
49.1
50.0

64.1
71.2
89.5
111.1
74.7

1865 ____
1864- ___
1863 ____
1862 ____
186L ___

64

MASSACHUSETTS

MASSACHUSETTS

Typhoid
Diphthe- and pararia
typhoid
fever

1.0

63

64

343.3
328.8
322.0
325.5
353.0

46.4
54.3
56.'7
45.3
63.7

91.5
85.0
65.0
72.0
83.7

367.9
375.7
372.6
342.8
365.2

92.8
158.7
182.4
92.1
89.2

133.7
106.7
115.1
91.1
79.9

62

64

---

~ Includes capillary bronchitis for 1921-1945, inclusive.


3 Excludes armed forces overseas; Massachusetts rates for these years are by
place of residence; earlier years by place of occurrence.

Data: C 65-78

VITAL STATISTICS

Series C 65-76.-VITAL STATISTICS-DEATH RATES BY AGE: 1900 TO 1945


[Exclusive of stillbirths. Rates are the number of deaths in a specified group per 1,000 population of that group based on estimated midyear population]
All
ages

YEAR

Under
1 year

1-4
years

5-14
years

15-24
years

25-34
years

85-44
years

45-54
yeaTS

55-64
years

65-74
years

75-84
years

85 years
and over

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

65
1945
1944
Hl43
1942
1941

2 _______________
2 _______________

10.6
10.6
10.9
10.4
10.5

41.4
43.3
43.0
48.0
52.3

2.0
2.3
2.6
2.4
2.8

0.9
0.9
1.0
0.9
1.0

2.0
2.0
2.0
1.9
2.0

2.7
2.7
2.8
2.8
2.9

4.6
4.7
4.9
4.9
5.0

9.7
9.8
10.3
10.1
10.3

21. 5
21.0
21.4

44.6
45.5
47.4
45.6
46.6

99.5
102.7
108.5
102.3
106.0

222.5
223.3
234.6
212.6
218.4

1
1938 ________________
937 ________________
1936
________________
1

10.7
10.6
10.6
11.3
11.6

54.8
53.7
58.0
61.3
62.9

2.9
3.2
3.8
4.2
4.4

1.0
1.1
1.2
1.4
1.5

2.0
2.1
2.3
2.6
2.8

3.1
3.2
3.4
3.9
4.1

5.2
5.3
5.6
6.2
6.5

10.6
10.7
10.9
11.8
12.1

22.0
22.1
22.1
23.5
24.1

48.2
47.2
47.1
49.0
50.8

110.9
112.5
117.0
121.7

230.1
223.3
212.6
227.2
242.7

1935 ________________
1934 ________________
1 932 ________________

10.9
11.1
10.7
10.9

60.9
66.8
61.3
61.3

4.4
5.1
4.7
4.6

1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.7

2.7
2.8
2.7
2.9
3.2

4.0
4.1
4.1
4.2

6:2
6.2
6.2
6.3

4.5

6.7

11.6
11.8
11.4
11.6
12.0

23.2
23.5
23.2
23.4
23.6

48.7
49.4
49.0
50.0
49.9

113.1
114.1
111.3
114.3
110.5

224.6
224.8
222.3
233.3
222.8

4.7
5.0
5.0
4.7
4.9

6.8
7.3
7.5
7.1
7.4

12.2
12.7
12.8
12.0
12.7

24.0
24.5
24.2
22.9
24.1

51.4
54.0
54.3
51.2
53.8

112.7
122.2
125.2
115.9
125.4

228.0
254.3
268.3
250.1
279.7

2_______________
2 _______________
2 _______________

940 2 _______________
1939
________________

1 933 ________________
1931 _ _____ _____ _____

930 ________________

1
1929 ________________
________________
1928
927 ________________
1

1926 _____ .. __________


925 ________________
1
9-24 ________________
1
923 ________________
1922
________________
1921 ________________
1
920 ________________
1 19 ________________
1918
________________
1917 _________________
1916 ________________
19
15 ________________
1914
________________
19
13 _____ __________
19 12
________________
19
19 11 ________________

'" .,

20.3
:W.6

110.~

111

.L..L ..L

64.4

v.v

11.3
11.9
12.0
11.3
12.1

69.0
71.6
73.1
68.8
77.9

5.6
6.3
6.5
5.9
7.2

1.7
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9

3.3
3.6
3.7
3.5
3.7

11.7
11.6
12.1
11.7
11. 5

75.4
76.8
81.1
77.6
80.6

6.4
6.8
8.1
7.4
8.0

2.0
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.5

3.8
3.8
3.9
3.8
3.9

4.8
4.8
5.0
5.0
4.9

7.2
7.1
7.3
7.1
6.8

12.2
12.1
12.2
11.8
11.2

23.3
23.0
23.9
23.2
22.1

51. 7
51.0
53.3
52.2
49.0

119.3
117.2
123.5
117.5
111.2

272.3
261.8
279.7
258.1
239.1

13.0
12.9
18.1
14.0
13.8

92.3
91.0
111.7
104.6
105.7

9.9
9.3
15.7
10.7
11.1

2.6
2.7
4.1
2.6
2.5

4.9
5.3
10.7
4.7
4.4

6.8
7.5
16.4
6.5
6.2

8.1
8.6
13.4
9.0
8.8

12.2
12.3
15.2
13.9
13.6

23.6
23.1
26.5
26.8
26.5

52.5
50.0
55.0
57.3
57.2

118.9
107.8
113.0
123.9
123.9

248.3
222.2
222.1
245.9
250.4

13.2
13.3
13.8
13.6
13.9

162.4
107.2
114.8
111.1
114.0

9.2
10.2
11. 9
10.9
11.8

2.3
2.5
2.7
2.5
2-.7

4.1
4.2
4.4
4.3
4.5

5.8
6.0
6.2
6.1
6.4

8.3
8.5
8.7
8.6
8.-9

13.1
13.1
13.5
13.4
13.5

25.5
25.1
25.5
25.8
25.8

55.6
54.1
54.1
54.5

240.3
231. 5
235.9
242.2
246.4

~5.0

120.1
115.6
117.9
120.2
"120.1

10 ________________
19 09
________________
'9 08 ________________
1907 ________________
19 06 ________________
19
05 ________________
1904 _____________ __
1903 ________________
19 2 ________________
190
1901 ________________

14.7
14.2
14.7
15.9
15.7

131.8
126.7
133.2
138.6
144.8

14.0
13.5
14.0
14.7
15.8

2.9
2.8
3.0
3.2
3.3

4.5
4.4
4.8
5.3
5.3

6.5
6.3
6.7
7.5
7.5

9.0
8.7
9.0
10.2
9.8

13.7
13.3
13.8
15.1
14.5

26.2
25.6
26.2
28.6
27.1

55.6
53.9
53.8
58.8
55.0

122.2
. 118.4
119.5
128.7
120.4

250.3
244.9
248.6
269.1
255.1

15.9
16.4
15.6
15.5
16.4

141.2
139.2
132.6
138.9
141.4

15.0
15.9
15.4
16.6
16.9

3.4
3.7
3.4
3.3
3.5

5.2
5.5
5.2
5.1
5.5

7.4
7.8
7.5
7.5
8.0

9.8
10.2
9.8
9.6
10.3

14.7
15.1
14.3
14.0
15.0

27.7
28.5
27.2
25.9
27.8

56.2
58.2
55.0
52.9
56.2

122.4
126.1
120.8
114.1
124.6

261.5
270.0
253.7
235.6
260.8

1900 ------ .. ---------

17.2

162.4

19.8

3.9

5.9

8.2

10.2

15.0

27.2

56.4

123.3

260;9

Includes ages not stated.

Rates based on population excluding armed forces overseas.

Series C 77-78.-VITAL STATISTICS-MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE RATES, ESTIMATED:


1867 TO 1945
[Rates are numbers of marriages or divorces per 1,000 estimated midyear population. Divorce estimates include annulments]
\ .. Marriage Divorce
rate
rate

YEAR

YEAR

Marriage Divorce
rate
rate

Marriage DivorCE!'
rate
rate

YEAR

Marriage Divorce
rate
rate

YEAR

Marriage Divorce
rate
rate

YEAR

Marriage Divorce
rate
rate

----------- - ------77
78,
77
77
7S
77
78
77
78
77
78
78
- ------- - -------1930
-__
1945 __
1915 __
1900 __
0;7
1885_
9.2
9.3
8.9
12.1
3.5
10.0
0.4
1870_
1.6
1.0
8.8
0.3
------

------

YEAR

1944 __
1943 __
1942 __
194L_

11.0
11.8
13.2
12.7

2.9
2.6
2.4
2.2

1929 __
1928 __
1927 __
1926 __

10.1
9.8
10.1
10.2

1.7
1.7
1.6
1.6

1914 __
1913 __
1912 __
191L_

10.3
10.5
10.5
10.2

1.0
0.9
1.0
1.0

1899 __
1898 __
1897 __
1896 __

9.0
8.8
8.9
9.0

0.7
0.7
0.6
0.6

1884_
1883_
1882_
188L

8.8
9.3
9.2
9.0

0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4

1940 __
1939 __
1938 __
1937 __
1936 __

12.1
10.7
10.3
11.3
10.7

2.0
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.8

1925 __
1924 __
1923 __
1922 __
192L_

10.3
10.4
11.0
10.3
10.7

1.5
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.5

1910 __
1909 __
1908 __
1907 __
1906 __

10.3
9.9
9.7
10.8
10.5

0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.8

1895 __
1894 __
1893 __
1892 __
189L_

8.9
8.6
9.0
9.2
9:2 .

0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6

1880_
1879_
1878_
1877_
1876_

9.0
8.9
8.8
8.7
8.8

0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3

1935 __
1934 __
1933 __
1932 __
193L_

10.4
10.3
8.7
7.9
8.6

1.7
1.6
1.3
1.3
1.5

1920 __
1919 __
1918 __
1917 __
1916 __

12.0
11.0
9.7
11.1
10.6

1.6
1.3
1.1
1.2
1.1

1905 __
1904 __
1903 __
1902 __
190L_

10.0
9.9
10.1
9.8
9.6

0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
g.8

1890 __
1889 __
1888 __
1887 __
1886 __

9.0
9.1
8.B
8.7
9.2

0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.4

1875_
1874_
1873_
1872_
187L

9.1
8.7
9.0
9.0
8.8

0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3

1869_
1868_
1867_

8.9
9.0
9.6

49

0.3
0.3
0.3

Data: C 79-91

VITAL STATISTICS, HEALTH, AND NUTRITION

Series C 79-84.-HEALTH-PHYSICIANS AND DENTISTS, AND MEDICAL AND DENTAL


SCHOOLS: 1810 TO 1945
DENTAL SCHOOLS

MEDICAL SCHOOLS

Physicians
YEAR

Graduates

80

81

79

82

DENTAL SCHOOLS

MEDICAL SCHOOLS

Dentists
Number

Number

Graduates

83

84

Physicians
YEAR

Dentists
Number

Graduates

80

81

79

Number

Graduates

83

84

82

1945 ______
1944 ______ ---------1943 ______ ---------1942 ______ --i80~496194L _____

----------

77
77
76
77
77

15,136 ---------10,303 ---------5,223 ---------5,163 ---------5,275 ----------

39
39
39
39
39

3,2121890 _____
100,180
133
2,470 1889 ______________________ _
1,926 1888 ________________________ _
1,784 1887 ________________________ _
1,568 1886_.____
87,521 _________ _

17,498
5,162
4,492 ---------4,240 ---------3,815 ---------3,620 ----------

31
29
29
26
23

960
813
739
584
473

1940 ______
175,382
1939 ______
1938 ______ --i69~6281937 ______
1936 ______ --i65:163-

77
77
77
77
77

5,097
70,601
5,089 ---------5,194 ---------5,377 ---------5,183 ----------

39
39
39
39
39

1,757
1,794
1,704
1,739
1,736

3,812 ---------3,687 ---------3,938 ---------4,051 ---------4,466 ----------

22
21
19
18
15

481
417
394
367
395

1935 ______
1934 ______ --i6i~3591933 ______
1932 ______ ---------193L _____ --i56~339-

77
77
77
76
76

5,101
5,035
4,895
4,936
4,735

- -- - - - - - --

39
39
39
38
38

1,8401880 _____
82,000
57
3,882
12,314
1,864 1879 ____________________________________________ _
1,986 1878 ____________________________________________ _
] ,840 1877 ____________________________________________ _
1,842 1876 ______ .______________________________________ _

14
12
12
11
11

315
243
210
197
168

1930 ______
1929 ______
1928 ______
1927 ______
1926 ______

153,803
152,503

76
76

---------149,521

RO

38
40
40
40
44

1,561
2,442
2,563
2,642
2,610

1875 ____________________________________________ _
1874 ____________________________________________ _
1873 ____________________________________________ _
1872 ____________________________________________ _
1871 ____________________________________________ _

11
11
10
10
10

137
138
150
141
142

-------------------------------------

1885 _______________ " ________ _


1884 ________________________ _
1883_____ __________
124
1882 ________________________ _
188L _______________________ _

----------

80
79

4,565
7-1,055
4,446 ---------4,262 _._-------4,035 ---------3,962 ----------

1925 ______
147,010
1924 ______
1923 ______ --i45~9961922 __ " ___
192L _____ --i45 ~404-

80
79
80
81
83

3,974 ---------3,562 ---------3,120 ---------2,529 ---------3,192 ----------

43
43
45
45
45

2,590
3,422
3,271
1,765
1,795

1870_____
62,383 __________ __________
7,839
1869 ____________________________________________ _
1868 ____________________________________________ _
1867 ____________________________________________ _
1866 ____________________________________________ _

10
10
8
7
4

147
118
89
120
69

1920 ______ 144,977


1919 ______
1918 ______ --i46~i741917 ______
1916 ______ --i45~24i -

85
85
90
96
95

3,047
56,152
2,656 ---------2,670 ---------3,379 ---------3,518 ----------

46
46
4.6
46
49

906
3,587
3,345
3,010
2,835

1865 _________________________________ c __________ _


1864 ____________________________________________ _
1863 ____________________________________ .________ _
1862 ____________________________________________ _
186L ___________________________________________ _

4
4
4
4
3

61
38
32
29
70

1915 ______
1914- _____ --i42~3321913 ______
1912 ______ --i37~i99191L _____

96
102
107
118
122

3,536 ---------3,594 --- ---- --3,981 ---------4,483 - -- - - - - - -4,273 ----------

49
48
51
52
54

2,388
2,254
2,022
1,940
1,742

1860_____
55,055 __________ __________
5,606
1859 ____________________________________________ _
1858 ____________________________________________ _
1857 ____________________________________________ _
1856 ____________________________________ '________ _

3
3
3
3
4

64
57
39
38
28

1910 ______
1909 ______
1908 ______
190L _____
1906 ______

-- i34~ 688-

131
140
151
159
162

39,997
4,440
4,515 ---------4,741 ---------4,980 ---------5,364 ----------

54
56
55
55
55

1,646
1,761
2,005
1,724
1,519

1855 ______ _____________________________________ _


1854 ____________________________________________ _
1803 ____________________________________________ _
1852 ____________________________________________ _
1851 ____________________________________________ _

4
4
4
2
2

.fi4
47
42
26
22

1905 ______
1904- _____ --i28 ~ 9501903 ______
1902 ______ --i23~i96190L _____

158
160
160
160
160

5,600 ---------5,747 ---------5,698 ---------5,009 ---------5,444

55
56
55
56
57

2,621
2,168
2,198
2,294
2 ,304

1850_____
40,755 __________ __________
2,923
1849 ____________________________________________ _
1848 ____________________________________________ _
1847 ____________________________________________ _
1846 __________________________ _________________ _

2
2
2
2
2

17
24
22
15
15

57
54
54
50
48

2,091
2,052
1,894
1,744
1,432

1845 ____________________________________________ _
1844 ____________________________________________ _
1843 ____________________________________________ _
1842 ____________________________________________ _
1841 ____________________________________________ _

44
41
37
35
34

1,254
873
436
1,457
1,220

1840 __________________________________ _
1830 __________________________________ _

1,000
1 _________ _
300 ___________________ _

1820 __________________________________ _
1810 __________________________________ _

100 ___________________ _
50 J---------- _________ _

---------135,000
133,487

----------

----------

1900 ______ 119,749.


160
5,214
29,665
1899 _____________________________________________ _
115,524 _____________________________ _
1898______
1897 _______________ -1 _____________________________ _
1896______
104,554 ; _____________________________ _

!lfi::::~: ::~~i~~i~t::: iii: ::::~ :~;;: :~:::: ~ ::~

1891 ________________ i--- -- --- -1

4,809 - - - - - - - ---

5
6
6
3
2

Includes only those graduating through June 30.

Series C 85-91.-HEALTH-SELECTED REPORTABLE DISEASES: 1912 TO 1945


[Annual rate per 100,000 population. Includes data for District of Columbia which is not counted as a State]

YEAR

"

Number
States
reporting

Diphtheria

85

86

Typhoid Scarlet
fever 1
fever

48
48
48
48
48

14.1
10.7
11.1
12.2
13.5

1940 ________
1939 ________
1938 ________
1937 ________
1936 ________

48
48
48
48
48

1935 ________
1934 ________
1933 ________
1932 ________
193L _______
1930 ________
1929 ________

Whooping
cough

87

88

89

90

YEAR

0.3
0.3
0.6
0.6
1.0

3.7
4.2
4.1
5.0
6.5

132.9
145.3
106.5
96.0
96.9

10.3
14.4
9.3
3.0
6.8

101.4
82.9
143.3
143.3
167.0

11.8
18.4
23.4
22.1
23.4

2.1
7.6
11.5
9.0
6.1

7.4
10.0
11.4
12.4
12.4

117.9
124.6
145.6
177.1
190.2

7.5
5.6
1.3
7.4
3,5

139.4
140.1
174.6
166.1
114.6

48
48
48
47
47

30.8
34.1
40.1
48.1
57.2

6.2
4.2
5.2
9.0
24.4

14.4
17.6
18,6
21. 4
21.4

204.6
174.1
169.0
168.9
162,4

8.5
5.9
4.3
3.2
14.6

141.6
209.8
142.5
172.4
137.0

48
48

54.0
70.3

39.7
34.8

22.1
19.2

141. 4
150.4

7.9
2.7

135.5
162.5

Number
States
reportjng

Diphtheria

Small- Typhoid Scarlet


fever 1
pox
fever

Poliomyelitis

I W!toop-
mg
cough

--------------- --- --89

90

91

87

88

32.8
31.7
28.6

22.6
29.3
36.2

146.5
178.3
165.2

4.7
8.9
2.5

134.9
153.0
166.5

85.1
107.4
133.0
158.3
202.9

35.4
50.6
27.9
30.3
101.0

42.3
32.8
32.0
33.8
47.4

165.2
165.5
158.7
146.2
186.2

5.6
5.7
3.4
2.4
7.0

136,1
147.1
157.5
107.9

42
37
38
36
28

154.9
144.7
101. 5
133.0
129.2

101.4
63.8
83.1
52.7
23.4

38.5
42.9
50.0
63.0
82.3

165.3
]18.3
94..5
139.2
114.5

2.8
2.3
2.8
4.9
41.1

26
27
31
19

132.7
152.5
142.1
139.0

50.2
66.4
55.7
30.8

74.0
82.4
84.2
81.8

108.6
133.0
143.1
138.2

3.1
2.4
4.0
5.5

85

91

---------------

Includes paratyphoid fever except for period 1912 to 1931.

50

Poliomyelitis

--_. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1945 ________
1944- _______
1943 ________
1942 ________
194L _______

Smallpox

86

1928 _________
1927 _________
1926 _________

48
48
47

76.2
90.2
80.1

1925 _________
1924 _________
1923 _________
1922 _________
1921. ________

47
47
48
47
46

1920 _________
1919 _________
1918 _________
1917 ___ ~ _____
1916 _________
1915 _________
1914 _________
1913 _________
1912 _________

------------ ---

------------------------------------

-----_.

-----------------------------

HEALTH

Data: C 92-117

Series C 92-103.-HEALTH-HOSPITAL FACILITIES BY TYfE OF


TOTAL
YEAR

MENTAL

GENERAL

SE~VICE:

TUBERCULOSIS

1909 TO 1945

ALL .OTHER

BEDS PER

1,000 POPULATION

Hospitals

Beds

Hospitals

Beds

Hospitals

Beds

Hospitals

Beds

Hospitals

Beds

Total

General

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

101

102

103

1945 ________________
1944 ________________
1943 ________________.
1942 ________________
194L _______________

6,511
6, 11
6,655
6,345
6,358

1,738,!M4
1,7 9,945
1,649,254
1,383,827
1,324,381

4,744
4,833
4,885
4,557
4,518

922,549
925,818
850,576
594,260
533,498

563
566
575
586
596

657,393
648,745
650,993
646,118
638,144

449
453
455
468
477

78,774
79,848
79,860
82,372
82,365

755
759
740
734
767

80,228
75,534
67,825
61,077
70,374

12.5
12.5
1 .1
10.3
9.9

6.6
6.7
6.2
4.4
4.0

1940 ________________
1939 ________________
1938 ________________
193 L _______________
1936 ________________

6,291
6,226
6,166
6,128
6,189

1,226,245
1,195,026
1,161,380
1,124,548
1,096,721

4,432
4,356
4,286
4,245
4,207

462,360
444,947
425,324
412,091
402,605

602
600
592
579
584

621,284
606,284
591,822
570,616
548,952

479
480
493
508
506

78,246
75,972
76,022
76,751
73,692

778
790
795
796
892

64,355
67,823
68,212
65,090
71,472

9.3
9.1
8.9
8.7
8.6

3.5
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.1

1935 ________________
1934 ________________
1933 ________________
1932 ________________
1931 ________________

6,246
6,334
6,437
6,562
6,613

1;075,139
1,048,101
1,027,046
1,014,354
974,115

4,257
4,198
4,237
4,305
4,309

406,174
393,425
386,713
395,543
384,333

592
614
621
624
587

529,311
513,845
498,955
479,548
451,245

496
495
497
512
509

70,373
70,063
70,682
69,676
65,923

901
1,027
1,082
1,121
1,208

69,281
70,768
70,696
69,587
72,614

8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.9

3.2
3.1
3.1
3.2
3.1

1930 ________________
1929 ________________
1928 ________________
1927 ________________
1926 ________________

6,719
6,665
6,852
6,807
6,946

955,869
907,133
892,934
853,318
859,445

4,302
4,268
4,361
4,322

371,609
357,034
363,337
345,364

561
572
553
563

437,919
414,386
394,268
373,364

515
502
508
508

65,940
61,310
62,113
63,170

1,341
1,323
1,430
1,414

80,401
74,403
73,216
71 ,420

7.8
7.4
7.4
7.2
7.3

3.0
2.9
3.0
2.9

1925 ________________
1924 ________________
1923 ________________
1922 ________________
1921 ________________

6,896
7,370
6,830

802,065
4,041
813,926 _.......
755,722
3,793

293,301

589

341,480

49,131

1,800

6,152

817,020

311,159

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- .. --------- ---------466

------- ---

6.9
7.1
6.8

_------ ---------- -------------- .. ---- ---------- ---- .. ----- ---------- ---------1,968


593
476

2.5

----------

---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------16,236 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

1920 ________________
1919 ________________
1918 ______________ .. _

4,013

295,382

521

52

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---5~323 ---------612,251 ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

1,566

10,150

200,329

---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------

1914- _______________

5,037

532,481

1909 ________________

4,359

421,065 ----"------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

118,153

7.7

---- ------

5.4

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

- - - -- -- - --

2.9

------------------5.9
4.7

----------

-------------------

Excludes hospitals with less than 10 beds.

Series C l04-117.-HEALTH-HOSPITAL FACILITIES BY OWNERSHIP OR CONTROL:


1923 TO 1945
TOTAL

YEAR

Hospitals
104

GOVERNMENTAL

Local

Beds
105

PROPRIETARY

NONPROFIT

. State

Federal

Church

Other

Hospitals

Beds

Hospitals

Beds

Hospitals

Beds

Hospitals

Beds

Hospitals

Beds

106

107

108

109

HO

HI

112

113

114

115

Hospitals

Beds

116

117

1945 ________
194L _______
1943 c _______
1942 ________
194L _______

6,511
6,611
6,655
6,345
6,358

1,738,944
1,729,945
1,649,254
1,383,827
1,324,381

705
798
827
474
428

546,384
551,135
476,673
220,938
179,202

549
539
531
530
530

619,642
609,025
610,115
606,437
600,320

929
925
926
920
906

190,'692
192,118
189,351
188,406
185,989

1,036
1,020
1,004
977
993

135,481
133,090
130,488
126,141
123,331

1,954
1,961
1,952
1,949
1,917

195,805
195,624
192,219
190,150
182,140

1,338
1,368
1,415
1,495
1,584

50,940
48,953
50,408
51,755
53,399

1940 ________
1939 ________
1938 ________
193L _______
1936 ________

6,291
6,226
6,166
6,128
6,189

1,226,245
1,195,026
1,161,380
1,124,548
1,096,721

336
329
330
329
323

108,,928
96,S38
92,248
97,951
84,234

521
523
523
522
524

572,079
560,575
541,279
508,913
503,306

910
888.
875
871
877

192,682
188,233
181,609
181,885
176,300

998
1,001
981
975
969

120,809
120,740
119,521
115,283
113,288

1,903
1,839
1,776
1,718
1,742

177,681
172,765
169,980
162,474
162,586

1,623
1,646
1,681
1,713
1,754

54,066
56,375
56,743
58,042
57,007

1935 ________
1934 ________
1933 _______ ~
1932 ________
193L _______

6,246
6,334
6,437
6,562
6,613

1,075,139
1,048,101
1,027,046
1,014,354
974,115

316
313
295
301
291

83,353
77,865
75,635
74,151
69,170

526
544
557
568
576

483,994
473,035
459,646
442,601
419,282

882
892.
924
935
949

174,365
166,988
159,192
162,615
153,072

970
970
984
1,001
1,011

113,268
113,263
115,840
117,555
116,935

1,670 155,300
1,676 154,449
13,677 1216,733
13,757 1217,432
13,786 ) 215 ,656

1,882
1,939
(2)

64,869
62,501

1930 ________
1929 ________
1928 ________
1927 ___ " ____
1926 ________

6,719
6,665
6,852
6,807
6,946

955,869
288
907,133
292
892,934
294
853,318
301
859,445 ---------

63,581
59,901
61,765
60,444
63,553

581
578
595
592

405,309
385,706
369,759
354,786
334,984

943
925
924
916

150,836
136,930
135,910
129,939

1,017
1,024
1,056
1,060

116,846
113,555
114,613
108,582

13,890
13,846
13,983
13,938

1925 ________
1924- _______
1923 ________

6.896
7,370
6,830

802,065
813,926
755,722

Includes proprietary hospitals and beds.

299
310
220

57,091
62,352
53,869

--------351
632
601

317,264
321,399
302,208

1219,297
1211 ,041
1210,887
1}99,567

(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ------------------------ ----------------- ----------------- --- 2,397
------ --62~ 6741,050 125,302
1,233 110,760
1,748 131,439

915
~

115,871

893

77,941

2,439

160,114

1,762

45,719

Included under "Other nonprofit" hospitals and beds.

51

1~8-127

Data: C

VITAL STATISTICS, HEALTH, AND NUTRITION

Series C 118-119.-HEALTH-UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, APPROPRIATIONS


AND EXPENDITURES: 1798 TO 1945
YEAR
ENDING
ruNE 30

Appropriations

Expenditures

118

119

1945 _______ $140,288,285


1944 _______ 125,621,259
1943 _______
65,311,917
1942 _______
47,442,119
1941- ______
38,157,415
1940 _______
33,445,929
1939 _______
28,819,665
1938 _______
24,748,215
1937 _______
25,365,060
1936 _______
20,632,725
1935 _______
1934 _______
1933 _______
1932 _______
193L ______

$135,713,433
120 , 649 ,680
62,201,379
45,275,600
37,137,735
32,702,301
28,253,379
24,009,665
23,839,041
18,771 ,934

12,922,878
12,956,203
13,598,438
16,921,729
15,846,574

1930 _______
1929 _______
1928 _______
1927 _______
1926 _______

12,762,843
11 ,047 ,068
12,080,211
16,130,841
13,946,395

11,256,448
10,947,840
10,028,377
9,622,966
10,035,079

11 ,069 ,468
10,715,724
9,882,664
9,316,141
9,939,684

1925 _______
1924_______
1923 _______
1922 _______
1921- ______

10,583,752
13,027,486
15,820,144
38,737,827
55,962,968

10,195,986
12,299,401
14,371 ,388
37,483,293
55,469,358

1920 _______
1919 _______
1918 _______
1917 _______
1916 _______

34,252,461
17,056,365
4,640,684
3,512,261
3,021,967

31.,030,198
7,107,317
4,131,741
3,105,773
2,930,893

1915 _______

2,998,050

2,858,628

YEAR
ENDING
JUNE 30

Appropriations

118

1914 _______
1913 _______
1912 _______
191L ______

$2,622;186
2,145,964
1,744,206
1,756,001

1910 _______
1909 _______
1908 _______
190'1- ______
1906 _______

1,771,767
2,541,770
2,300,144
2,283,315
1,872,163

1905 _______
1904 _______
1903 _______
1902 _______
190L ______

.1,694,193
1,273,366
1,274,862
1,219,251
1,807,807

1900 _______
1899 _______
1898 _______
1891- ______
1896 _______

1,646,913
1,114,493
1,214,745
878,137
709,392

1895 _______
1894 _______
1893 _______
1892 _______
1891- ______

659,747
641,201
1,654,612
711,811
608,822

1890 _______
1889 _______
1888 _______
1881- ______
1886 _______
1885 _______
1884 _______

Appropriations

YEAR
ENDING
JUNE 30

724,697
786,550
496,441
570,227
515,316
836,852
421,348

Appropriations

YEAR
ENDING
JUNEao

118

Appropriations

YEAR
ENDING
JUNE 30

118

1883 _______
1882 _______
1881- ______

$526,620
508,215
386,059

1880 _______
1879 _______
1878 _______
1877 _______
1876 _______

386,973
361,409
371 ,310
373,862
351,129

1875 _______
1874 _______
1873 _______
1872 _______
187L ______

438,893
452,379
458,003
473,873
543,592

1870 _______
1869 _______
1868 _______
1867 _______
1866 _______

368,153
376,957
434,530
431,596
312,292

1865 _______
1864 _______
1863 _______
'1862 _______
186L ______

278,656
217,824
318,307
328,526
330,172

1860 _______
1859 _______
1858 ___ '____
1857 _______
1856 _______

448,073
328,195
314,161
417,325
305,068

1855 _______
1854 _______
1853 _______

348,733
146,576
233,718

118

1852 _______
185L ______

$334,393
333,447

1822 _______
182L ______

$81,923
98,569

1850 _______
1849 _______
1848 _______
1847 _______
1846 _______

121,437
115,496
109,989
120,216
90,675

1820 _______
1819 _______
1818 _______
1817 _______
1816 _______

130,084
50,405
46,911
48,081
43,864

1845 _______
1844 _______
1843 _______
1842 _______
184L ______

113,074
110,864
95,917
118,929
169,760

1815 _______
1814- ______
1813 _______
1812 _______
1811 _______

48,374
30,191
41,789
42,421
54,586

1840 _______
1839 _______
1838 _______
1837 _______
1836 _______

71 ,675
66,311
35,234
202,021
82,961

1810 _______
1809 _____ ~_
1808 _______
1801- ______
1806 _______

53,715
74,192
36,515
61,474
66,820

1835 _______
1834 _______
1833 _______
1832 _____ -'_
183L ______

91,621
64,532
78,651
58,942
59,182

1805 _______
1804- ______
1803 _______
1802 _______

57,928
59,210
54,933
81,401

1830 _______
1829 _______
1828 _______
1827 _______
1826 _______

1798-1801 __

57,447
58,361
56,217
58,233
58,133

141,690

1825 _______
1824 _______
1823 _______

56,992
64,752
53,062

Series C 120-127.-NUTRITION-FOOD PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION INDEXES AND


NUTRIENTS AVAILABLE: 1909 TO 1945
INDEX

NUTRIENTS AVAILABLE,
PER CAPITA PER DAY

(1935-39=100)
Food
production,
volume

YEAR

Food
consumption,
per
capita

Food
energy

Calcium

Vitamin A

Thiamine

INDEX

NUTRIENTS AVAILABLE,
PER CAPITA PER DAY

(1935-39=100)

Ascorbic Rib 0acid


flavin

YEAR

Food
production,
volume

Food
consump,tion,
per
capita

Food
energy

Calcium

Vitamin A

Thiamine

Ascorbic Rib 0acid


flavin

----------------------- - -- - -- - -- - - - - -- - - - - - --. 122


120
127
121
122
125
120
121
123
124
126
123
124
125
126
127
--- - - - - - - - - -- - -- - - - --- - - ---- - - - - - - - -- - - --,- - Calories

1945 __
1944 __
1943 __
1942 __
1941-_

138
138
133
125
115

114
112
107
108
108

3,370
3,470
3,400
3,360
3,430

1940 __
1939 __
1938 __
1937 __
1936 __

106
103
101
97

111

105
104
100
100
99

1935 __
1934 __
1933 __
1932 __
1931-_

93
100
97
96
100

1930 __
1929 __
1928 __
1927 __

98
97
100
97

Grams Int. units

Mgs.

Mgs.

9,800
9,400
9,200
9,000
8,500

2.24
2.28
2.19
1. 96
1. 78

189
132
126
127
122

2.55
2.48
2.20
2.06
1. 95

3,350
3,330
3,260
3,240
3,270

0.93
0.93
0.91
0.89
0.88

8,200
8,300
8,200
8,100
7,800

1.69
1. 61
1. 56
1. 50
1. 52

120
121
118
112
108

1.93
1.92
1.89
1.84
1.84

96
99
97
98
100

3,170
3,270
3,250
3,290
3,400

0.87
0.85
0.85
0.86
0.86

8,200
8,100
' 8,000
8,200
7,900

1.47
1. 59
1. 59
1.62
1.65

115
108
105
109
110

1. 78
1.82
1.80
1.83
1.86

100
102
102
101

3,460
3,480
3,540
3,470

0.87
0.88
0.86
0.86

7,600
8,000
7,600
7,800

1.63
1.66
1.70
1.66

101
112
105
106

1.83
1. 86
1.85
1.85

For sale and for farm home consumption.

52

Mgs.

1.08
1.04
1.02
1.00
0.95

Calories

1926 __

97

102

3,480

1925 __
1924 __
1923 __
1922 __
1921-_

93
97
95
92
84

101
102
101
99
94

1920 __
1919 __
1918 __
1917 __
1916 __

87
90
90
82
81

1915 __
1914-_
1913 __
1912 __
1911-_
1910 __
1909 __

Grams Int. units

Mg8.

Mgs.

Mg8.

0.86

7,400

1.60

104

3 460
,;3,490
3,450
$,460
3,260

0.85
0.84
0.81
0.82
0.81

7,100
7,300
7,700
8,000
7,600

1.62
1.721.73
1. 65
1.59

103
108
109
106
100

1.88
1.84
1.83
1. 79
1. 75

97
98
95
96
96

3,350
3,480
3,380
3,430
3,460

0.84
0,84
0.84
0.80
0.77

8,000
8,000
8,000
7,600
7,400

1.63
1.65
1. 69
1.63
1.67

108
101
105
99
95

1. 79
1.84
1.86
1. 78
1. 72

84
81
78
80
78

96
97
96
98
98

3,440
3,480
3,480
3,520
3,500

0.77
0.76
0.78
0.80
0.74

7,500
7,200
7,300
7,500
7,300

1.68
1.67
1.71
1.76
1.75

105
101
101
103
96

1. 73
1.71
1. 77
1.80
1. 73

75
76

97
98

3,520
3,560

0.75
0.78

7,500
7,700

1.74
1.81

104
106

1. 73
1.80

1.85

Data: C 128-155

NUTRITION

Series C 128-155.-NUTRITION-FOODS, APPARENT CIVILIAN PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION:


1849 TO 1945
[In pounds, except eggs]
j

YEAR 1

Total

Beef and
veal
129

128

, Pork,
excl.
lard
130

Total,
Lamb and
fat
mutton content
131

Lard

- 132
--

Margarine
(actual
weight)

Total (

134

135

133

PROCESSED FRUITS

FRESH FRUITS

EDIBLE FATS AND OILS

MEATS (DRESSED WEIGHT)

VEGETABLES

Citrus

Canned
fruit 0

Canned
fruit
juice 6

Dried
fruit 7

Fresh 8

136

137

138

139

140

10
10
10

65.4
67.8
59.7
ID 57.0
10 57.1

11
11

14.7
9.3
12.9
16.4
17.9

10.3
9.9
6.9
8.2
8.4

6.1
6.4
6.0
4.5
4.0

265
254
237
254
241

Canned

141
11
11
11

43;2
34.6
34.5
38.7
38.8

1945 _________
1944 _________
1943 _________
1942 _________
194L _____ - --

143.8
152.8
138.6
139.3
141.9

70.7
66.0
57.7
69.4
67.8

65.9
80.2
74.5
62.7
67.3

7.2
6.6
6.4
7.2
6.8

39.5
41.2
41.8
44.4
47.4

11.5
12.6
13.1
13.1
13.7

4.0
3.9
3.9
2.7
2.7

143.8
143.8
120.4
129.7
147.8

1940 _____ ---1939 _________


1938 _________
1937 _________
1936 ______ ..: __

141.7
132.8
126.2
125.4
127.4

62.1
61.9
61.6
63.4
66.0

73.0
64.3
57.8
55.4
54.8

6.6
6.6
6.8
6.6
6.6

46.3
46.2
44.9
44.7
44.8

14.3
12.6
11.0
10.5
11.2

2.4
2.3
2.9
3.1
3.0

143.3
152.5
134.1
141.7
128.1

56.3
60.9
48.8
44.1
45.8

19.0
15.9
15.3
13.4,
16.6

6.9
6.1
4.8
4.5
2.4

6.4
6.2
5.4
5.5
5.4

240
243
247
235
219

35.2
31.5
31.3
32.9
29.4

1935 _________
1934- ________
1933 _________
1932 _________
193L ________

12115.9
12146.0
134.6
130.3
130.0

74.6
58.3
53.0
54.9

48.1
65.0
69.6
70.3
68.0

6.8
6.4
6.7
7.0
7.1

43.1
43.9
42.5
42.2
43.6

9.5
12.9
13.9
14.3
13.5

3.0
2.1
1.9
1.6
1.8

136.0
118.5
126.4
128.3
163.2

44.3
39.5
39.1
36.5
42.0

13.3
12.4
11.7
10.2
10.8

2.0
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.4

5.8
5.4
5.2
5.4
4.7

231
218
213
227
222

30.2
25.2
21. 5
21.4
22.8

1930 _________
1929 _________
1928 _________
1927 _________
1926 _________

128.3
131.3
131.6
134.8
138.0

55.1
56.0
55.2
61.8
68.5

66.6
69.7
70.9
67.7
64.1

6.6
5.6
5.5
5.3
5.4

44.3
44.5
43.6
43.1
43.6

12.6
12.7
13.2
12.7
12.2

2.6
2.9
2.6
2.3
2.0

134.2
144.3
150.4
130.5
165.9

31.0
39.8
29.5
32.2
31.4

12.8
12.3
12.6
12.6
12.0

0.3
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.2

5.3
5.2
5.9
6.1
6.0

213
223
207'
215
203

29.0
28.4
24.3
22.8
22.9

1925 _________
1924 _______ -'_
1923 _________
1922 _________
192L ________

140.0
147.3
147.3
137.8
134.0

68.0
68.1
67.8
66.9
63.1

66.8
74.0
74.2
65.8
64.8

5.2
5.2
5.3
5.1
6.1

42.9
41.3
41. 7
39.7
36.1

12.2
14.2
14.3
13.2
10.8

2.0
2.0
2.0
1.7
2.0

136.2.
151. 5
147.7
147.9
115.7

28.9
33.8
32.5
24.6
30.5

11.1
8.9
9.0
7.5
8.2

0.2
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.3

6.2
6.3
5.4
6.4
5.4

202
208
191
211
194

28.8
22.5
23.3
20.5
14.8

1920 _______ -1919 _________


1918 _________
1911- ________
1916 __ ------1915 _________
1914 _________
1913 ________ ~
1912 _________
191L ________

136.1
138.9
141.7
135.3
140.2

67.1
69.3
75.8
71.9
65.3

63.6
63.9
61.1
58.9
69.0

5.4
5.7
4.8
4.5
5.9

36.2
39.9
40.0
36.7
38.5

12.0
10.7
11.9
10.1
11.7

3.4
3.4
3.3
2.7
1.8

145.3
124.8
121.9
132.2
136.0

26.0
23.5
16.4
22.0
22.0

9.4
9.7
7.5
7.7
7.1

0.6
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.4

6.5
6.7
4.3
6.1
5.0

220
194
190
186
188

19.2
18.3
24.0
21.0
17.3

134.9
140.0
143.7
145.8
152.0

62:3
67.8
69.6
71.4
75.6

66.5
65.1
66.9
66.7
69.1

6.1
7.1
7.2
7.7
7.3

39.6
40.1
36.8
35.3

11.6
10.7
10.8
11.3
11.8

1.4
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.1

158.6
164.5
134.9
159.6
156.5

23.1
24.1
16.6
18.5
19.8

5.6
5.7
4.2
4.2
3. 9

0.6
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.2

4.9
4.0
3.4
4.4
4.1

195
187
187
197
181

15.5
20.2
18.5
20.8
16.9

1.6
1.2
1S 1.0
1S 0.9
18 0.8

137.9
137.9

17.8
16.1

3.6
2.5

14.6

6.5
6.7
6.3
6.3
6.3

3.3

77.6
81.5
79.3
77.8
78.3

62.3
67.0
77 :7
74.1
71.0

0.5

146.4
155.2
163.3
158.2
155.6

12.3
12.2
14.4
13.2
11.7

194

1910 _________
1909 _________
1908 _________
1907 _________
1906 _________
1905 _________
190L ________
1903 _________
1902 _________
190L ________

155.1
152.7
152.1
144.9
15l.2

77.9
75.6
76.9
71.0
73.3

70.9
70.6
68.2
66.8
70.8

6.3
6.5
7.0
7.1
7.1

1900 _________
1899 _________

150.7
150.7 '

72.3
72.4

71.9
71.8

6.5
6.5

Wheat
flour 28

Peanuts,
shelled 21

Coffee
(green
bean
basis)

154

155

'V.L.V
" II

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

13

0.-6
0.6
0.6
0.9
1.6

13
12

1.3
1.4

IS

11.8
12.5
11.8
12.1
12.9

18
18
13

13.2
12.7

11

14.5
202
4.0
----------------- --------- --- -----.-.------ --------- --------- --------- -----------...
-------...
--... - ... ------ --------- --------- ----------------- --------... ------ ... - ... -------- --------- --------- ----------------"--------------------------------------------------------- --------- --------... -------- ... -------- --------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ... ------ --------... -------- --------- --------- --------- ----------------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ----- ------------ --------- --------- ----------------- --------- ----------------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------

DAIRY PRODUCTS

YEAR 1

Potatoes

Sweetpotatoes

Drybeans

142

143

144

Total
Fluid
milk for
human milk and
consump- cream 15
tion U
145

146

Condensed
and
evaporated
milk 16
147

Chicken
Eggs,
Sugar,
and
farm
cane
turkey
and
Butter,
and beet
farm and nonfarm (dressed (refined)
Cheese 17 cream(number) weight) 19
ery18
148

149

150

152

153

33.2
30.1
33.9
27.1
23.8

73.6
89.1
80.4
86.3
103.7

164.2
162.2
162.7
155.7
152.2

6.3
6.3
6.3
4.8
5.0

16.7
15.8
13.0
13.4
15.6

151

1945 ______ --1944- ________


1943_. _ - _- - -1942 _____ - - -194L ________

129
127
133
125
128

19.7
19.4
21.6
20.9
20.2

7.7
7.8
9.0
11.1
8.8

794
780
759
837
806

433
412
393
372
350

18.3
16.1
18.6
18.3
18.3

5.9
4.9
5.0
6.3
6.0

10.9
12.0
11.7
15.7
15.9

397
350
346
316
311

1940 ___ -- ---1939 _________


1938 _____ - --1937 _________
1936 _________

130
121
132
126
132

19.3
21.0
22.9
22.5
22.8

8.3
9.2
9.6
7.8
8.9

821
824
794
797
791

343
344
338
342
340

19.2
17.7
17.1
16.6
15.8

6.0
5.9
5.8
5.5
5.3

16.9
17.3
16.4
16.4
16.4

317
311
308
306
287

22.2
21.7
19.5
20.7
20.8

95.2
98.0
95.0
95.8
97.2

147.4
151.4
153.4
152.8
157.5

4.3
4.6
4.4
4.5
4.1

15.5
14.9
14.8 \
13.3 J
13.7

1935 _________
1934 _________
1933 _________
1932 _________
193L _ - - - - - -930 _________
929 _________
928 _____ - - -921- ____ -- -926 _________

144
138
137
139
140

28.6
27.4
28.2
28.9
21. 7

8.4
9.0
7.0
7.4
8.8

799
813
812
830
835

335
333
349
350
348

16.1
14.9
13.7
13.9
13.3

5.2
4.8
4.5
4.3
4.4

17.1
18.2
17.8
18.1
18.0

278
287
295
311
331

20.2
21.0
22.7
21.8
21.1

96.4
93.5
93.1
94.1
99.9

150.3
153.3
152.6
157.4
159.9

3.7
4.5
4.1
4.7
3.0

13.4
12.3
12.7
12.4
12.9

136
155
155
142
130

20.7
23.8
23.7
26.6
21.8

9.5
7.8
8.6
8.7
7.6

815
812
805
813
818

351
356
354
353
354

13.5
13.6
12.2
11.6
11.8

4.6
4.6
4.4
4.4
4.7

17.2
17.4
17.5
18.1
18.5

329
334
338
342
339

23.3
21.5
20.2
21.0
19.7

109.1
97.0
103.7
102.4
104.5

168.9
172.6
177.1
173.3
177.5

4.1
4.0
4.3
3.4
3.7

12.5
12.2
12.0
12.1
12.3

See footnotes on next page.

53

VITAL STA'l.'ISTIC8, HEALTH, AND NUTRITION

Data: C 128-155

CO}~SUMPTION:

Series C 128-155.-NUTRITION-FOODS, APPARENT CIVILIAN PER CAPITA


1849 TO 1945-Con.
[In pounds, except eggs]
DAIRY PRODUCTS

YEAR

Potatoes

142
..J.i7J:.1V
not:: _________

Sweetpotatoes

Drybeans

143

144

1924 _________
1923 _________
1922 _________
192L ________

153
158
170
154
154

20.0
29.0
31. 9
30.3

7.3
7.8
5.9
5.1
4.8

1920 _________
1919 _________
1918 _________
1917 _________
1916 _________

146
153
173
154
142

34.4
" 31.4
30.1
28.7
28.5

1915 _________
1914 _________
1913 _________
1912 _________
191L ________

182
163
185
181
158

27.0
24.6
26.1
26.6
27.2

Total
milk for
human
consumption 14

Fluid
milk and
cream 15

Condensed
and
evaporated
milk 16

145

146

147

17

148

149

150

151
n

Wheat
flour 20

Peanuts,
shelled 21

Coffee
-(green
bean
basis)

152

153

154

155

354

11
"
.l..J..1

353

11.8
11. 5
10.9
9.8

4.6
4.5
4.3
4.2
4.1

18.0
17.8
17.0
16.2

318
324
327
316
299

19.2
19.4
18.9
17.8

104.2
99.5
90.6
104.4
87.3

176.7
174.9
176.1
181.2
177.5

4.2
3.1
2.8
3.0
3.5

10.5
12.1
12.5
11.6
11.7

5.7
5.4
7.4
7.5
5.1

8.6
9.4
10.3
9.5
9.6

4.0
4.1
3.8
4.2
4.0

14.8
15.3
13.8
15.8
17.3

299
303
284
281
299

18.3
19.0
17.8
17.7
18.4

85.6
86.6
74.7
78.0
76.9

186.3
196.6
164.1
198.2
204.9

4.7

11.4
11.6
9.7
11.7
11.2

5.8
6.4
6.1
6.8
6.3

9.5
8.9
8.0
7.1
6.4

4.3
4.4
4.4
4.0
4.1

17.2
17.0
16.5
16.6
18.6

313
295
303
311
329

19.2
19.3
19.4
19.9
20.8

77.5
81.0
81.3
75.8
77.4

199.8
207.0
206.4
212.3
206.6

10.2
8.8
8.5
10.3
8.0

1910_________
197
29.0
6.5 _________________ _
195
29.6
6.8 _________________ _
1909_________
1908 ___________________________ - _________________ ----- ___ _
1907 ____ ____________________ - - - _ - - _- - - - __ - - - __ - - - - - _- - __ _
1906 _____________________________________________________ _

5.8
5.5
5.1
4.7
4.4

4.4
-3.9
3.8
3.5
3.5

18.4
17.8
19.7
17.6
17.8

306
293

20.6
19.6

75.4
211.7
209.2
73.7
2281.2 --------- --------77.5 --------- --------76.1 --------- ---------

8.7
9.2

1905 ___________________. ________ - _________________ ---- ____ _


1904 _____________________________________________________ _
1903 ___________________________ - _______________ - _________ _
1902 _________________________"__ - _________________________ _
1901 ________________________ -- - -- - -_ - - -- ___ - - - _ - - - - - -_ -_ -_

4.1
3.8
3.5
3.2
3.0

4.1
4.1
4.0
.4.0
4.5

19.9
18.5
18.3
17.6
20.0

--------- ----------------- ---------

--------- ---------

70.5
75.3
70.9
72.8
68.7

1900 _____________________________________________ - _______ _


1899 ____________________ - __ -- _ - - - --- -- - - - ---- -_ - - - - - - - - __ _

2.7
2.5

3.7
3.7

20.1 --------- --------19.6 --------- ---------

65.2
62.6

10

.Lo.".t

802
796

Cheese

Chicken
Eggs,
Sugar,
and
and
cane and
Butter, farm
turkey
nonfarm
beet
farm and (number) (dressed (refined)
creamweight) 19
ery 18

DAIRY PRODUCTS
YEAR

Cheese

17

148

Butter,
farm and
creamery 18
149

Sugar,
cane and
beet
(refined)

3.4
3.6
2.9

19.8
20.8
22.2

61. 5
64.8
62.5

1895 __________
1894 __________
1893 __________
1892 __________
1891 __________

2.9
2.9
2.9
3.7
3.5

18.4
15.4
15.5
15.9
16.7

63.4
66.7
64.4
63.8
66.3

1890 __________
1889 __________
1888 __________

3.8
3.5
3.5

18.2
20.5
16.0

YEAR

52.8
51.8
56.7

Cheese

54

Butter,
farm and
creamery 18

148
_______
1886 _________
1887.~

149

3.2
2.8

16.3
16.8

..L,j7.o

--------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- ---------

Sugar,
cane and
beet
(refined)

YEAR

52.7
56.9

3.0
3.1
3.3
3.1
3.2

16.1
15.3
15.2
13.9
15.2

51.8
53.4
51.1
48.4
44.2

1880 _________
1879 _________
1878 _________
1877 _________

2.7
2.2
3.5
2.7

15.5
15.6
14.6
14.4

42.7
38.1
38.6
46.1

---------

------------------------- --------- ----------------- --------- ----------------- --------- ----------------- --------- ----------------- --------- ----------------- --------- ----------------- --------- - --------

DAIRY PRODUCTS
Cheese

17

148

152

1885 _________
1884 _________
1883 _________
1882 _________
1881. ________

Calendar year data except where otherwise indicated.


Computed from rounded data. Includes fat content of butter, margarine, lard,
shortening, and other edible oils.
S Includes small quantity of lard used in manufactured products, 1899-1908;
1909-1945 excludes quantities so used.
4 Includes apples (commercial only 1934-1945), apricots, avocados, bananas,
cherries, cranberries, figs, grapes, peaches, pears, pineapples, plums and prunes,
strawberries, and citrus fruits.
5 Includes apples, applesauce, apricots, berries, cherries (including brined),
cranberries, figs, fruit cocktail, grapefruit segments, olives (including brined),
pineapples, plums, prunes, peaches, and pears. For 1909-1942, data are on a pack
year basis beginning in year indicated.
6 Includes grapefruit, orange, blended citrus, and lemon juices (single strength
juices 1930-1945' concentrated juices converted to single stren~th basis 1941-1945),
pineapple, apple, grape and prune juices and fruit nectars. Prior to 1928 includes
grape juice only. Citrus on basis of year beginning in November 01 year prior to
that designated. Other juices on a calendar year basis.
7 Includes apples, apricots, Zante currants, dates, figs, peaches, pears, prunes,
and raisins. Data are on a pack year basis beginning in year indicated.
8 Includes tomatoes, melons, asparagus, lima beans, snap beans, cabbage, carrots, kale, lettuce and escarole, green peas, green peppers, s~inach, artichokes,
beets, cauliflower, celery, sweet corn, cucumlJ.c:!rs, eggplant, onions, shallots, and
other miscellaneous vegetables. Includes commercial truck crops for fresh market
shipment and rough approximations of quantities produced in farm and market
gardens but does not include produce of town and city gardens.
g Includes tomatoes, corn, peas, asparagus, lima beans, snap beans, beets, carrots, hominy, potatoes, sweetpotatoes, pickles (including bulk stock), pimientos,
pumpkin and squash, sauerkraut (including bulk stock), spinach, tomato juice, pulp
and puree, catsup, paste, sauce, and chili sauce, other greens and mixed vegetables
(a mixture of two or more vegetables). Excludes baked beans, soups, and baby
foods. For 1909-1942, data are on a pack year basis beginning in year indicated.
I

17

1\

.1.0. V

DAIRY PRODUCTS

152

1898 __________
1897 ____ .: _____
1896 __________

10

Butter,
fa.rm and
creamery 18
149

Sugar,
cane and
beet
(refined)
152

1876 ________

2.6

14.5

38.5

1875 ________
1874 ________
1873 ________
1872 ________
1871 ________

3.1
2.6
2.9
3.0
2.4

12.4
13.4
13.4
10.6
11.7

40.3

1870 ________
1869 ________

3.2
3.0

10.7
13.6

1859 ________
1849 ________

2.9
4.1

14.8
13.7

---------- ...
----- -------------------------------------------------- ----------------

On a crop year basis beginning in October of preceding year.


On a calendar year basis.
12 Includes slaughter under the Emergency Government Relief Purchase Program in 1934-1935.
13 Year beginning July.
14 On fat solids basis. This production of total milk for human consumption differs from total farm production of milk in that the former excludes milk fed to calves
but includes off-farm production, while the latter excludes off-farm production but
includes milk fed to calves. Milk fed to calves and milk produced off farms are
usually of approximately equal volume.
15 Fluid milk equivalent for fresh use, containing about 4 percent butterfat.
16 Canned weight. The evaporated milk is unskimmed, unsweetened, case goods;
the condensed milk is unsweetened (plain condensed), unskimmed bulk goods; and
sweetened condensed milk, unskimmed, case and bulk goods. Consumption of
condensed milk has decreased from about 2.5 pounds in 1925 to 1.7 pounds in 1945.
17 Includes all kinds of cheese except cottage, pot, and bakers' cheese and full
skimmed American.
18 Actual weight basis.
19 Chicken only 1909-1928, but turkey consumption was very small during that
period.
20 Includes white, whole wheat, and semolina flour.
21 For year beginning September of year prior to that indicated. Excludes peanuts
crushed for oil.
n SOURCE: Henry Schultz, Theory and Measurement of Demand, p. 686. For the
years 1875-1908 data from Concerning Su~ar (loose-leaf service by United States
Sugar Manufacturers Association)r pp. E-54-A, B, C, D. These statistics were derived from Willett and Gray, Weerdy Statistirs SU.'lar Trade Journal.
10

11

Chapter D. Labor Force, Wages, and Working Conditions (Series D 1-238)


Labor Force: Series D 1-106

offset the groups in which the opposite difference occurred. However, in order to increase the validity of historical comparisons,
D 1-7. Persons 10 years old and over gainfully occupied, in agrithe following adjustments have been made in the 1940 census
cultural and in nonagricultural pursuits, decennially, 1820-1940.
figures shown in series D 1-7: New workers have been excluded;
SOURCE: Bureau of the Cens.tis, Sixteenth Census Reports, Comchildren 10 to 13 (estimated) engaged in agricultural and nonparative Occupation Statistics jar the United States, 1870-1940, p.
agricultural pursuits have been included; persons on public emer142, and Release Series P-9, No. 11. These are census data based
gency work previously in agricultural pursuits (estimated) have
on complete enumerations of the population, except as noted below.
been included; the number of persons classified in agricultural
The 1940 data based on the labor force concept vary from the
pursuits was revised as a result of the occupation classification
data obtained under the gainful worker concept in 1930 and earlier
revision in 1940. Because of these adjustments, the 1940 data
years; in part because of differences in definition, and in part beshown here may differ from other published 1940 data.
cause of differences in the types of questions upon which the data
In addition to the above changes, the original census data for
were based. The gainful worker statistics were obtained by means
of questions regarding occupation rather than employment statl,ls. 1920, 1910, and 1870 were adjusted for underreporting and overGainjul workers were persons reported as having a gainful occu- reporting. For a discussion of the adjustments, see Comparative
pation, that is, an occupation in which they earned money or a Occupation Statistics jor the United States: 1870-1940, pp. 137-141.
The figures in series D 2-5 for 1820 to 1860 (except 1830) are
money equivalent, or in which they assisted in the production of
marketable goods, regardless of whether they were working or estimates based on census returns covering most, but not quite
all, of the population. The 1830 figures are interpolations between
seeking work at the time of the census.
The labor jorce is defined in the 1940 census on the basis of 1820 and 1840.
activity during the week of March 24 to 30, and includes only
D 8-10. Total and married women in labor force or gainfully
persons who were at work, with a job, seeking work, or on public occupied, 15 years old and over,'decennially, 1890-1940. SOURCE:
emergency work in that week. The following are the most impor- Bureau of the Census, Sixteenth, Census Reports, Population, voL
tant types of persons for whom the 1940 labor force classification III, part 1, p. 26, and vol. IV, part 1, p. 90; and Fifteenth Census
differed from the gainful worker classification used in previous Reports, Population, vol. IV, p. 68. Figures for 1940 have been
censuses:
revised since original pUblication. For statement of revision proa. Seasonal workers.-Seasonal workers who were neither cedure, see Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports,
working nor seeking work at the time of the census were not Series P-50, No.2. For definitions of labor force and gainfully
included in the 1940 labor force. Such persons were counted occupied, see text for series D 1-7.
as gainful workers in 1930 and earlier years if they reported
The data on marital status refer to the status at the time the
an occupation.
b. New workers.-Persons without previous work expe- census was taken. A person who was widowed or divorced but has
rience seeking work during the census week, that is, new remarried is reported as married. The 1940 census gives separate
workers, were included in the 1940 labor force; such persons
were probably for the most part not counted as gainful work- figures for married females, husband present; and married females,
ers in earlier censuses. In 1930, however, the number of r ew husband absent. The other censuses give only the total of all marworkers was probably much smaller than at the time of ried females. All the censuses contain data on single, widowed, and
the 1940 census.
divorced females and number in each category who are workers.
c. Retired and disabled persons.-Persons unable to work
Because of differences in procedures in the 1910 census, figures
and retired workers no longer working or seeking work were
excluded from the labor force in the 1940 census. In earlier for gainfully occupied persons for 1910, especially for women, are
censuses such persons frequently reported their former occu- too high for exact comparability with those for adjacent census
pations and were counted as gainful workers.
years.
d. Inmates of institutions.-In the 1940 census all inmates
D 11-31. Total in labor force, and employment status, 1940of penal and mental institutions and homes for the aged, infirm,
and needy were excluded from the labor force, regardless of 1945. SOURCE: Bureau of the Census, Current Population Retheir activity during the census week. In previous censuses ports, Series P-50, No. 20.
inmates of these institutions were reported as gainful workFor current statistics, see Current Popu,lation Reports, "Monthers if they performed regular work in the institutions.
ly Report on the Labor Force," issued monthly by the Department
The comparison of the 1940 figures with those from earlier cen- of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. The figures shown here resuses is affected also by the fact that some persons who were flect recent revisions (September 1947) made by the Bureau of the
actually working or seeking work at the time of the 1940 census Census in the estimates for months..prior to July 1945.
were not counted as in the labor force because they failed to
Information on the employment status of the population 14
answer the employment status questions. Also, in earlier censuses years old l:ind over is obtained by the Bureau of the Census through
many persons who were actually gainful workers were omitted personal interviews each month with a sample of about 25,000
from the enumeration because they failed to report their occupa- households throughout the country selected by scientific sampling
tions. For a detailed comparison and analysis of the 1940 and 1930 methods. The monthly data relate to a particular week of the
data on the labor force, employment, and unemployment, see month, specifically, the calendar week (Sunday to Saturday)
Bureau of the Census, Sixteenth Census Reports, Estimates of which contains the 8th day of the month. The annual average
Labor Force, Employment, and Unemployment in the United figures shown in series D 11-31 are the arithmetic means of these
States, 1940 and 1930.
monthly data.
These differences probably do not seriously affect the comparison
Following are definitions of the terms used in the presentation
of the total labor force in 1940 with the total number of gainful of these materials:
.
workers in 1930 and earlier years, since the groups classified as in
a. Employed.-Employed persons comprise those who,
the labor force but not counted as gainful workers at least partly
during each month's survey week are either (1) "At work"55

Text: D 11-110

LABOR FORCE, WAGES, AND WORKING CONDITIONS

those who did any work for payor profit, or worked without
D 47-61e Industrial distribution of gainful workers, decennially'
pay for 15 hours or more on a family farm or business; or (2) 1820--1940. SOURCE: Fabricant, Solomon, The Changing Indus"With a job but not at work"-those who did not work a
were not looking for work but had a job or business from trial Distribution of Gainful Workers: Some Comments on the A merwhich they were temporarily absent because of vacation, ill- ican Decennial Statistics for 1820-1940, a paper presented at the
ness, industrial dispute, bad weather, or layoff with definite Conference on Research in Income and Wealth, November 1946.
instructions to return to work within 30 days of layoff. Also The data are baEled almost entirely on estimates in the following
included are persons who had new jobs but had not yet
monographs which were prepared mainly from data collected in the
started to work.
b. Unemployed.-Unemployed persons include those who decennial Census of Population: Whelpton, P. K., "Occupational
did not work at all during the survey week, and who were Groups in the United States, 1820-:-1920," J ournal.of the American
looking for work. Also included as unemployed are persons Statistical Association, Sept. 1926; Edwards, Alba M., Comparawho would have been looking for work except that (1) they
were temporarily ill, (2) they expected to return to a job from tive Occupation Statistics for the United States, 1870 to 1940, Bureau
which they had been laid off for an indefinite period, or (3) of the Census, Sixteenth Census Reports, Population, 1940; and
they believed no work was available in their line of work in Carson, Daniel, I nd'ustr'ial Composition of lv! anpower in the UnUed
the community. During the 1940-43 period persons at work States, 1870-1940, a paper presented at the Conference on Research
on or assigned to public emergency work projects were also
in Income and Wealth, Nov. 1946.
included among the unemployed.
c. Labor Force. - The civilian labor force comprises the
D 62-65. Gainful workers and empleyment status, 1900-1945.
total of all civilians classified as employed or unemployed in SOURCE: National Industrial Conference Board, The Economic
accordance with the criteria described above. Figures on the
net strength of the armed forces are added to the civilian Almanac for 1946-1947, New York, pp. 262, 268, 269. For census
data for 1940-1945 see series D 11-31.
labor force to obtain the total labor force.
d. Not in labor force.-All persons 14 years of age and
The National Industrial Conference Board series in general are
over who are not classified as employed or unemployed are
defined as "not in the labor force." This group largely con- tied to decennial censuses and are adjusted for long-term popusists of persons engaged in own home housework, persons in lation changes and shifts in school attendance during inter-censal
school, retired persons, those permanently unable or too old years. No allowance is made, however, for the temporary entrance
to work, seasonal workers for whom the survey week fell in and withdrawal of students and other occasional werkers into the
an "off" season, and the voluntarily idle. Persons doing only
incidental unpaid family work (less than 15 hours) are also labor market.
classified as not in the labor force.
For decennial census years, the data in the series may not agree
In using the Census Bureau data on labor force, employment, with the data in series D 1-7, because revisions made in series
and unemployment for the 1940-1945 period in conjunction with D 1-7 were not made in series D 62-65. Also, the data shown here
the data on gainful workers, employment, and unemployment may not agree with the data shown in series D 11-31 for the time
shown in other series (see text for those series) particular attention period 1940-1945, because of the difference in definitions used and
should be paid to the difference i~ gainful worker arid labor force in methods employed in obtaining the information. The data in
concepts which may affect comparability. For a discussion of the series D 62-65 are derived by projecting past trends into the
differences between the gainful worker and labor force concepts, future while the data for series D 11-31 are based on direct monthly
see text for series D 1-7. Other differences to be noted are those measurements. Finally, the National Industrial Conference Board
in the age of the population covered and date reference of the concepts involve the possibility of negative unemployment (see
tabular footnote 2, series D 65, for explanation); in the Census
figures, that is, annual average or census date.
D 32-46. Sex and age of persons in labor force and gainful Bureau series unemployment is measured directly and is always
.
workers, decennially, 1890-1940. SOURCE: Bureau of the Census, a positive figure.
Sixteenth Census Reports, Population, vol. III, part 1, p. 26, and
D 66-76. Industrial distribution of the employed, 1900--1945.
Comparative Occupation Statistics for the United States, 1870-1940, SOURCE: National Industrial Conference Board, The Economic
p. 93. Figures for 1940 have been revised since original publica- Almanac for 1946-1947, New York, pp. 263-264.
tion. See Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series
D 77-89. Gainful workers, social-economic groups, decennially,
P-50, No.2. For definitions of labor force and gainful worker, see 1910-1940. SOURCE: Bureau of the Census, Sixteenth Census
text for series D 1-7.
Reports, Population, Comparative Occupation Statistics for the
The 1890 to 1930 censuses contain data on the number of gain":'
United States, 1870-1940, table XXVII, p. 187. The experienced
ful workers, by sex, between the ages of 10 and 15. The 1940 cen- labor force consists of the labor force excluding new workers; the
sus contains data on the number of persons in the labor force, latter are unemployed persons who had not previously worked full
by sex, in the 14-15 age group. Because of the noncomparability time for one month or more. See text for series D 1-7 for definiof data on persons under 16 years of age between the 1940 and tions of labor force and gainful workers.
earlier censuses these data were not included here. Information on
D 90-106. Selected occupations of gainful workers, 1870-1940.
these age groups under 16 may be found in the two sources listed
SOURCE: Bureau of the Census, Sixteenth Census Reports, Popuabove.
In 1870 and 1880, the age classification of gainful workers was lation, Comparative Occupation Statistics for the United States,
limited to three age groups-l0 to 15, 16 to 59, 60 and over- 1870-1940, table 3 pp. 5~62, and table 8, pp. 104-112. The
which precludes comparability with later censuses. These data 1870-1930 data have been adjusted for comparability with the
may be found in Ninth Census, vol. I, Population, p. 704, and 1940 classification system; minor variations should be disregarded
as many of the adjustments, especially for the 1870-1900 data,
Tenth Census, Population, p. 714.
.
The age classification in census statistics is based on age at last were necessarily based on rough estimates. See text for series
birthday; that is, age in completed years. In the 1940 census tabu- D 1-7 for definition of gainful workers and labor force. For definilations the category "age unknown" (series D 46) was avoided in tion of experienced labor force, see text for series D 77-89, above.
that when the age of a person was not reported, it was estimated
on the basis of other information on the population schedules,
Hours, Wages, and Earnings: Series D 107-212
such as marital status, school attendance, employment status,
D 107-110. Average hours per day and index of average wages
.age of other members in the family, etc.
For 1920 and 1910 the original census data were adjusted for per day in all nonagricultural employments and in building
overreporting or underreporting. For a discussion of the derivation trades, 1860-1891. Index base: 1860=100. SOURCE: United States
of the figures see Comparative Occupation Statistics for the United Congress, Senate Committee on Finance, Report on Wholesale
Prices, on Wages, and on Transportation, (Aldrich Report) Senate
States, 1870-1940.
56

HOURS, WAGES, AND EARNINGS

Text: D 107-120

Report No. 1394, 52d Congress, 2d Session, 1893, part I, pp. 173- the pioneer work on wages and hours in 25 manufacturing indus180. Information regarding hours, wages, and earnings before tries by the National Industrial Conference Board.
1890 is fragmentary except fur the data contained in this 4-volume
Current data on average weekly hours, average hourly earnings,
report. These four volumes give daily rates of wages and hours per and average weekly earnings in manufacturing industries are
day for numerous occupations in separate establishments in 22 published monthly in the Monthly Labor Review by the Bureau of
industries for the period from 1840 to 1891, together with special Labor Statistics; information is presented for 135 industries, and
data for the same period regarding wages in coal, iron, glass, and 20 major groups of industries, as well as for durable and nondurable
pottery, and teachers' salaries in certain areas.
goods groups and for all manufacturing industries combined. The
Most of the information contained in the Senate Report (com- data are based on monthly reports from some 35,000 cooperating
monly called the Aldrich Report) was collected under the super- establishments and cover both fu11- and part-time production
vision of the Commissioner of Labor, and summarized in part I of workers who worked or received pay during any part of the pay
the report, pp. 110-190. The figures were derived from records period ending nearest the 15th of the month. The annual figures
collected in the early nineties from 88 establishments existing shown are the simple arithmetic averages of the monthly averages.
throughout the period from 1860 to 1891 in manufacturing, buildThe monthly reports from employers state the number of proing trades (then included in the censuses of manufactures), rail- duction workers, the amount of wages paid, and the number of
roads, retail trade, and public works. Occupational wages in each hours actually worked. Vacation hours are included as time worked
establishment were converted to relatives; these relatives in each and vacation pay is included as pay earned. As not all reporting
industry were combined as a simple average; and the industry firms furnish man-hour data, average hours and average hourly
averages were combined by the use of employment weights. The earnings for individual industries are based on a slightly smaller
weights used were changing weights derived from the several cen- sample than are weekly earnings. Tabulations prepared from the
suses up to 1880. The wages of common laborers were included in monthly reports include only those schedules for which corresome of the industries but the general index of wages is preponder- sponding data were available in the preceding month.
For the 20 major groups, for the durable and nondurable goods
antly an index of the wages of the skilled and semiskilled workers
covered by the survey. Indexes are given in the source for 1840:- groups,and for all manufacturing, weighted averages are obtained
1860 but the coverage is so inadequate that the results before as follows:
The average for each individual industry is given a weight equal
1860 are of little general interest or value. Building trades wer~
comparatively well represented in the series, with 25 of the 88 to the estimated number of production workers in that industry;
in deriving the group average of hourly earnings, the earnings for
establishments.
D 111-116. IIfdexes of average wages, hours, and earnings in each industry are weighted by estimates of the total number of
manufacturing, 1890--1907. Base: 1890-1899 = 100. SOURCE: De- hours worked in that industry for the week covered.
The weekly earnings average for each group is obtained by
partment of Commerce and Labor, Bulletin of the Bureau of Labor,
No. 77, July 1908, pp. 1-24, 126. The Bureau of Labor of the De-. multiplying the weighted average of weekly hours by the weighted
partmentof Commerce and Labor undertook, in modified form, a average' of hourly earnings. Note that the weekly-earnings figures
continuation of the Senate Committee on Finance study on wages for the groups are not weighted averages of the weekly earnings
and hours (Aldrich Report, see text for series D 107-110). The for individual industries.
Nineteenth Annual Report of the Commissioner of Labor, 1904,
D 120. Index of production-worker pay rolls inmannfacturing
entitled Wages and Hours of Labor (Washington, D.C., 1905), industries, 1919-1945. Base: 1939=100. SOURCE: Department of
contains the results of the studies for the period from 1890 to 1903 . . Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Handbook of Labor Statistics,
Similar surveys were made for subsequent years to 1907, and the 1947 edition, Bulletin No. 916, pp. 21-22; and Monthly Labor
information for the entire period from 1890 to 1907 was summar- Review.
ized in the source volume referred to above.
This index relates to the aggregate payrolls of production workThe information is described as covering the wages and hours of ers in manufacturing industries. The Bureau of Labor Statistics'
labor in manufacturing industries. Manufacturing included such indexes of factory pay rolls for the period up to 1922 are estimated
"hand and neighborhood industries" as the building trades and on the basis of returns from 13 industries. In 1922, the number of
blacksmithing. Occupational averages were computed as absolutes industries surveyed was increased and extensive additions have
for each year; the occupational relatives in each industry were been made periodically since that time. At present (early 1947),
computed by use of percentage changes in identical establish- 153 manufacturing industries are included.
ments. Industry relatives were computed by combining the occuIn compiling the indexes of factory pay rolls the BLS makes a
pational relatives, equal weight being given to each occupation. mail canvass of manufacturing establishments except where data
The industry relatives were combined, in turn, on the basis of the are collected by State agencies, in which case the Bureau makes
aggregate wages paid in each industry as reported by the Census , use of the reports collected by these various cooperating agencies.
of 1900 for 1899, the largest industry, as then defined, being the The monthly tabulations are based on reports from identical
building trades. Laborers, as distinguished from skilled workers, establishments supplying information for both the current and the
were covered in many of the industries, but the general plan called preceding month. The annual averages are arithmetic averages of
for "securing data f6r only the important and distinctive occu- the figures for the 12. months.
pations which are considered representative of each industry."
Some 35,000 cooperating establishments submit employment
D 117-119. Average hourly earnings, weekly hours, and weekly and pay roll data each month covering all full- and part-time proearnings of production workers in manufacturing, 1909-1945. duction workers who worked or received pay during any part of
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Handbook of Labor Statis- the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month. Pay rolls
tics, 1947 edition, Bulletin No. 916, p. 57; and Monthly Labor as reported to the BLS include employee contributions for old-age
benefits, unemployment insurance, and group insurance. Not inReview.
Monthly compilations of data on average hourly earnings and cluded are the estimated value of free rent, fuel, and other payaverage weekly hours of work in manufacturing industries were ments in kind. Bonus payments, unless earned and paid regularly
begun by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in 1932, and subsequently each pay period, are excluded.
The number of reporting establishments varies from month to
carried as far back as 1909. Use was made in the earlier series of
the numerous wage and hour reports of the Bureau of Labor Sta- month, as some firms fail to supply information in time for the
tistics, the Bureau of the Census reports, and various other official tabulation. Because of the variation in the coverage of the samples
sources. Supplementary use was made of such unofficial sources as for industries and to avoid either overrepresenting or underre748706-49-5

57

Text: D 120-163

LABOR FORCE, WAGES, AND WORKING CONDITIONS

D 145-147. Hours and earnings, bituminous coal mines, 1909presenting the different groups, each industry group is assjgned a
weight equivalent to its proportionate importance, in manufac- 1945. SOURCE: Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Estimates of hours and earnings in bituminous-coal mining before
turing as a whole, in terms of pay roll.
1932 are derived from a variety of sources, including special wage
D 121-133. Hours, wages and earnings: All industry, manufacturing, and skilled, unskilled, and farm labor, 1890-1926. SOURCE: studies by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, data collected by the
Douglas, Paul H., Real Wages in the United States, 1890-1926, Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Mines, and reports of
Houghton Mifflin Company, New York, 1930, pp. 108, 116, 135- various coal commissions. Weekly hours are not scheduled or
standard hours but the actual hours worked; the averages reflect
136,175,177,180,182,186,205,208.
D 134-144. Average annual earnings in all industries and in the effects of such factors as part time, overtime, and labor turnselected industries, 1890-1926. SOURCE: Same as for series D 121- over . Average weekly earnings are affected by similar factors.
Travel time in mines was reported as working time and therefore
133, unnumbered pages following p. 392 of source volume.
compensable time beginning in 1944. Payment for travel time
D 145-212 (except D 148-151 and D 172-176). General note.
Hours and earnings in selected industries. SOURCE: Department involved no change in basic rates except for certain equalization
of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. See second paragraph of this adjustments of the wages of outside workers; and average hourly
earnings are computed, under the new travel-time rule, by dividnote and also detailed listing for the several series.
l
After the annual series relating to wages and hours for 1890- ing total compensation by man-hours, including travel time.
Hours
and
earnings,
Class
I
steam
railroads, 1921D
148-151.
1907 (see text for series D 111-116) were discontinued, the Bureau
of Labor (which in 1913 became the Bureau of Labor Statistics of 1945. SOURCE: Interstate Commerc'e Commission, Wage Statistics:
the Department of Labor) undertook a series of studies of wages of Class I Steam Railways in the United States.
In the field of railroad transportation, the Interstate Commerce
and hours in selected industries, usually repeating the study for a
Commission
has regularly collected and published the basic staparticular industry on a biennial basis. These industry stUdies,
which were continued in most instances until the early 1930's, tistics relating to wages, hours, and employment. Average weekly
make possible summary analyses of average hourly earnings, earnings, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings, and
average full-time weekly hours, and average full-time weekly straight-time hourly earnings can be derived from the Commisearnings for a number of industries, a;nd for certain occupations in sion's Wage Statistics of Class I Steam Railways in the United.
,Stat.es (currently published as statement No. M-300 on a monthly
some of the industries, for considerable periods of time.
Studies of industries which lend themselves particularly to and an annual basis). The averages presented here cover employees,
summary analyses include cotton goods (Wages and Hours of classified and reported to the Interstate Commerce Commission
on an hourly basis (excluding most of the executive, professional,.
Labor in Cotton Goods ManUfacturing, 1910 to 1930, Bulletin No.
539); woolen and worsted goods (Wages and Hours of Labor in and supervisory employees).
Average weekly earnings ,and average weekly hours are the
Woolen and Worsted Goods Manufacturing, 1932, Bulletin No. 584);
the hosiery and underwear industries (Wages and Hours of Labor llverages of hourly rated employees on the pay rolls during th~
in the Hosiery and Underwear Industries, 1932, Bulletin No. 591); month. For years before 1933, the full-month count was computed
boots and shoes (Wages and Hours of Labor in the Boot and Shoe by ratio adjustment of the middle-of-the-month count, a virtually
Industry, 1910 to 1932, Bulletin No. 579); and blast furnaces, steel constant ratio as indicated by figures of both counts available
works, and rolling mills (Wages and Hours of Labor in the Iron and after 1932; In most of the series of weekly hours and weekly earnings for other industries, the averages are those of employees on
Steel Industry, 1931, Bulletin No. 567).
The initial purpose of the industry studies of wages and hours the pay rolls during the pay-roll period ending nearest the middle
was primarily an analysis of the occupational wage structure of a of the month.
Average hourly earnings are computed by dividing total pay
given industry during normal pay periods .. The information was
obtained by agents of the Bureau of Labor Statistics from the pay rolls of hourly rated employees by the total man-hours paid for,.
rolls of selected establishments. The averages were computed not including hours not on duty, insignificant except among road train
for the entire year but for a limited period, usually including sev- and engine crews. Straight-time hourly earnings are computed by
eral weeks, a single pay period being chosen. for each plant sur- the Interstate Commerce Commission. The averages for 1921 to'
veyed. The Bureau, in the course of the development of its surveys, 1927 were computed by dividing compensation for "straight time
expanded the occupational coverage to include unskilled or com- actually worked" by hours of "straight time actually worked.'"
mon laborers. The series included here have for the most part sub- Beginning in 1928, the averages were computed by dividing com-
stantially comprehensive coverages, so that the averages are sub- pensation for "straight time paid for" by hours of "straight timestantially industry averages rather than the averages of selected paid for." The two methods give virtually identical results. Duroccupations. The various bulletins giving details of the several ing World War II, the differences between gross average hourly
surveys of particular industries contain information of value in the' earnings and the straight-time averages were small as comparect
study of occupational wage rates by industry and by area. In the with differences in manufacturing and various other industries.
industries other than those mentioned above, the available in- Premium pay for overtime begins in most of the railroad employformation does not lend itself readily to the construction of time ments after 48 hours per week. Part of the increase in wages ill'
1943 and 1944 was "in lieu of Claims for time and one-half pay'
series of industry averages.
The work of the Bureau of Labor Statistics in the field of wages for time worked over 40 hours per week."
and hours underwent a significant change in 1932, when monthly
D 152-163. Indexes of unionhouriy wage rates and weekly
series of average hourly earnings, average weekly earnings, and hours, building and printing trades, 1907-1945. Base: 1939=100 ..
average weekly hours were initiated on an industry basis for most SOURCE: Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics annual'
of the manufacturing industries and for many of the nonmanu- reports, Union Wages and Hours in the Building Trades, anef
facturing industries. These averages are derived from extensive
Union Wages and Hours in the Printing Trades.
reports to the Bureau of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours
Although these series cover only the bu]lding and printinK
for the pay-roll period ending nearest the middle of the month. trades, annual reports for the years 1907 to 1928, entitled Union
It has been found possible to construct these three series of aver- Scales of Wages and Hours, included under one cover at various.
age earnings and hours for manufacturing as a whole and for bi- periods data on the local transit, trucking, baking, metal millwork,
tuminous-coal mining for periods antedating the series beginning soft drink, 'brewing, theatrical, restaurant, laundry, longshore, and:
in 1932. (For the manufacturing series, see text for series D 117- barber trades, in addition to building construction and printing.
119.)
~~ 1929, 1930, and 1931, an effort was made to obtain, wage and.
58

HOURS, WAGES, AND EARNINGS

Text: D 152-213

hour data from all labor organizations in the United States. bership is an important factor, may be somewhat misleading.
Some data were obtained from a11 groups, but the effort was not Thus, for instance, if the membership of high-rate unions increases
entirely successful as a few organizations were unable or unwilling or the membership of low-rate unions decreases, the index: will
to furnish adequate data. In 1932 and 1933, the studies were re- rise even if there is no change in the scales of the individual unions.
stricted to building, printing, baking, trucking, laundry, longshore, In 1936, the index series were revised to minimize the influence of
and linemen trades. There was no study in 1934, but in 1935, the such changes in membership or coverage which might distort real
industries studied in 1932 and 1933 were again covered and 1934 changes in scales. The method of computing the series for 1921data were also obtained. Since 1936, emphasis has been placed 1929 remained unchanged because the necessary basic data were
on the building, printing, local transit, trucking, and baking in- not available for adjusting the series. Indexes for these years, howdustries, and individual annual reports have been published for ever, have been linked into the longer series upon the determination
each industry since that time. The index series for building con- that changes in composition of active union membership during
struction and printing start with 1907, while those for local transit, this period were so small as to render slight the extent of error due
trucking, and baking, because of inadequacies in available data to lack of revision.
D 164-171. Hours and earnings: All occupations and common
for earlier years, begin with the years 1929, 1936, and 1939, respectively. The annual reports, in addition to providing the trend labor in blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills, 1913-1931.
information for past years, also serve as a reference for current SOURCE: Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Wages
and Hours of Labor in the Iron and Steel Industry, 1931, Bulletin
scales among the various trades and cities studied.
The indexes are based on union scales. A union scale -may be No. 567, pp. 3 and 16. The averages were computed for a limited
defined as a minimum wage rate or a schedule of maximum stand- period, usually including several weeks; a single pay period was
ard hours agreed upon by negotiation between employers and chosen for each plant surveyed. See also general note for series
trade-unions. Rates in excess of the agreed minimum, although D 145-212.
D 172-176. Farm wages, 1866-1945. SOURCE: Department of
frequently paid in reward for long service, for special qualifications, or for personal or other reasons, were not used in the com- Agriculture, Bureau of Agricultural Economics records and Agriputations. Also excluded were the scales applying to apprentices. cultural Statistics. For description of series see text of Chapter E,
It should be noted that the indexes relate to union rates, which Agriculture, series E 64-68.
D 177-179. Hours and earnings in the cotton goods industry,
mayor may not be the prevailing rates in a locality, depending
on the extent of local union organization. During depression 1914-1930. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Wages and Hours
periods, union wage scales may have been higher than the actual of Labor in Cotton-Goods Manufacturing, 1910-1930, Bulletin No.
rates paid to significant proportions of the tradesmen. If it was 539, p. 2. The averages were computed for a limited period, usually
established that at least 50 percent of the union members received including several weeks; a single pay period was chosen for each
the union rate, the scale was given recognition in the annual re- plant surveyed. See also general note for series D 145-212.
D 180-182. Hours and earnings in woolen and worsted goods
ports. The indexes are limited to the movements of basic scales
and consequently are not intended to measure such factors as manufacturing, 1914-1932. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Wages and Hours of Labor in Woolen and Worsted Goods M anufacmovement of earnings or take-home pay.
The studies from 1907-1912 covering 39 cities included 14 jour- turing, 1932, Bulletin No. 584, p. 2. See text -for series D 177-179.
D 183-185. Hours and earnings in hosiery and underwear inneymen and 4 helper and laborer trades in building construction,
and 7 book and job and 4 newspaper occupations in the printing dustries, 1910-1932. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Wages
industry. The scope was gradually expanded until, -by 1941, 27 and Hours of Labor in the Hosiery and Underwear Industries,
journeymen and 10 helper and laborer trades in building con- 1932, Bulletin No. 591, p. 2; Monthly Labor Review, Jan. 1931,
struction, and 11 book and job and 8 newspaper classifications in p. 167; Bulletin No. 504, p. 2. See text for series D 177-179.
D 186-188. Hours and earnings in the boot and shoe industry,
printing, in 75 principal cities, ranging in population from 40,000
to over 1,000,000, were included. The data reflected in the indexes 1914-1932. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Wages and Hours
were collected by field representatives of the Bureau of Labor of Labor in the Boot and Shoe Industry, 1911,. to 1932, Bulletin No.
Statistics directly from officials of the local trade-unions concerned. 579, p. 3. See text for series D 177-179.
D 189-200. Hours and earnings of frame spinners and weavers
In cases where the information submitted appeared questionable,
the data were checked with the other parties to the agreement. in woolen and worsted goods manufactures, 1910-1932. SOURCE:
For many years, scales collected were those in effect on May 15. Same as series D 180-182, pp. 5 and 8. See text for series D 177-179.
D 201-212. Hours and earnings of frame spinners and weavers
The survey date was changed to June 1 in 1939 and to July 1 in
in the cotton goods industry, 1910-1930. SOURCE: Same as series.
1942.
The index, utilized for trend determination purposes, links each D 177-179, pp. 4 and 7. See text for series D 177-179.
pair of years and may be termed a "chain" index. Year to year
Productivity: Series D 213-217
changes are computed from aggregates of the quotations of unions
which furnish scale data for identical classifications in two conD 213-217. General note. Productivity indexes for selected
secutive years. The membership weights in both of the aggregates industries, 1880-1945. Base: 1939=100. SOURCE: See detailed
used for each year to year comparison are those reported for the listings below.
second year. The total of the current aggregates (membership
Work in the field of productivity has been carried on by many
times rate) is then divided by the total of the previous year's ag- individuals and by many organizations, and especially by the
gregates. The ratio so obtained is multiplied by the previous year's Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor; the W. P. A.
index number, and the resulting figure is the current index number. National Research Project, and the National Bureau of Economic
The method described above was used in computing indexes for Research. Currently, extensive continuing work is being done by
the years 1907 to 1920 and from 1930 to the present. The series for the Bureau of Labor Statistics, which publishes annual indexes
the years 1921-1929 were simply indexes of average rates for each of output per man-hour and output per wage earner for some 30
year, computed by dividing the average rates by the averages for manufacturing industries, 6 mining industries, and for the electric
the base year and multiplying by 100. The averages used in each light and power, telephone, telegraph, and railroad-transportation
case were weighted by the number of active members for that industries. Indexes of output per worker for agriculture for the
year in each local union covered by the reported rates. These United States as a whole and for 11 farming areas are also pubweights, therefore, changed from year to year with changes in lished by that Bureau. In addition, it has instituted direct promembership. Such an index, in which the changing union mem- ductivity reporting programs in a number of manufacturing in59

Text: D 213-217

LABOR FORCE, WAGES, AND WORKING CONDITIONS'

dustries, which should substantially increase the amount of current and Unit Labor Cost in Steam RailrOlid Transportation: 1935-1946
(mimeographed). See also general note for series D 213-217.
data available.
The index, of output per man-hour for railroad transportation
In all instances, the indexes in series D 213-217 were computed
by dividing a production index by an index of man-hours or of refers t'o Class I steam line-haul railroads. For 1935-1945 the
employment. In general, the man-hours indexes are prepared production measure represents aggregate passenger miles and
from indexes of employment and data for average weekly hours freight-ton miles, each category being weighted by average unit
revenues in 1939. The man-hour index is based on total straightof work.
The indexes presented here measure output, in physical units, time actually worked, all overtime paid for, and constructiveper man-hour of work (or per worker, in the case of agriculture). allowance hours of train and engine employees. All basic data are
Productivity, as used here, refers to the relationship between the published by the Interstate Commerce Commission. The indexes
volume of goods produced and one factor of input-labor time. for the earlier period, 1916-1934, are based on a somewhat different
The indexes do not measure the specific contribution of labor or of index prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
D 215. Index of output per man-hour in mining, 1880-1945. Base:
capital or of any other factor of production. Changes in the ratio
between output and man-hours of work show the joint effect of a 1939 = 100. SOURCE: Figures for 1880-1934 are based on W. P. A.
large number of separate though interrelated influences. The long- National Research Project, Production, Employment, and Proterm upward trend of output per man-hour is due mainly to ductivity in the Mineral Extractive Industries, 1880-1938; for 1935technical improvements in industry. At any time, however, out- 1945, see Bureau of Labor Statistics, releases on productivity and
put per man-hour'also depends on such factors as the rate of oper- unit labor cost for the various mining industries. See also general
ations, the relative contributions to production of establishments note for series D 213-217.
From 1935 through 1945, the index for mining represents 6 inat different levels of efficiency, the types of resources and materials
available, and the flow of materials, as well as the skill and effort dividual mining industries for which the Bureau of Labor Statisof the work force, the efficiency of management and the state of tics published separate series-bituminous coal, anthracite, crude
petroleum and natural gas, iron, copper, lead and zinc. The prolabor relations.
D 213. Index of output per man-hour in all manufacturing, 1909- duction index, from which the combined index is derived, is an
1939. Base: 1939=100. SOURCE: For 1909 and 1914, see below; av~rage of the separate series weighted with current man-hours;
for 1919-1939, see Bureau of Labor Statistics, Productivity and the man-hours index is based on totals for the 6 industries. The
Unit Labor Cost in Selected Manufacturing Industries, 1919-1940. productivity index for the years before 1935 is based on the
W. P. A. National Research Project, study.
See also general note for series D 213--217.
The individual series, from which the Bureau of Labor Statistics
The production index used to derive the index of output' per
man-hour in manufacturing for the 'years 1909, 1914, and for the index was prepared, are published annually in a release Proodd-numbered years 1919-1939, is from Fabricant, Solomon, ductivity and Unit Labor Cost in Selected Mining Industries. The
Employment in Manufacturing, 1899-1939, National Bureau of production data for these series are from the United States Bureau
Economic Research. The production index for even-numbered of Mines. Employment and average weekly hours series are those
of the Bureau of Labor Statistics for 1939-1945 for the 6 indusyears was computed by means of the Federal Reserve Index for
Manufactures. The man-hours index was derived from an em- tries. For 1935-1939, Bureau of Labor Statistics series were
ployment index based on Bureau of the Census and Bureau of used for the coal industry and Bureau of Mines data for metal
Labor Statistics data and the Bureau of Lahor Statistics series mining. The employment definition adopted-average number of
for average weekly hours for 1909, 1919, and 1923-1939, supple- wage earners employed during the 12 months of each year, inmented with estimates of the W. P. A. National Research Project cluding months of no activity-is the concept used by the Bureau
of the Census.
for 1920-1922.
D 216. Index of output per man-hour' in electric light and power,
For the period before 1936, indexes of productivity are shown
in Production, Employment, and Productivity in 59 Manufacturing 1917-1945. Base: 1939=100. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Industries, 1919-1936, a 3-volume report prepared by the W. P. Productivity and Unit Labor Cost in the Electric Light and Power
A. National Research Project on Reemployment Opportunities Industry: 1917-1946. See also general note for series D 213-217.
The index for the electric light and power industry refers to
and Recent, Changes in Industrial Techniques. The Bureau of
Labor Statistics made some revisions in these indexes and ex- privately-owned utilities and shows the trend of kilowatt-hours of
tended most of them to 1940. These measures, together with in- electric energy distributed per'man-hour of work. The production
dexes of pay rolls and unit labor cost, appear in the Bureau of index is based on data from the quinquennial Census of Electrical
Labor Statistics report, Productivity and Unit Labor Cost in Selec- Industries (suspended since 1937) and represents kilowatt-hour
sales to ultimate consumers. Electricity generated by privatelyted ManUfacturing Industries, 1919-1940.
The production pattern changed radically when the United owned utilities, as reported by the Federal Power Commission, was
States began its World War II program. It is not possible to used as an interpolating series before 1937 and for all current years.
measure over-all changes in manufacturing efficiency during the All wage and salary employees, except main executives and emperiod of transition from peace to war; that would require equating ployees of appliance sales departments, are included in the emof ships, planes, and munitions, for example, against automobiles ployment index.
D 217. Index of output per worker in agriculture, 1909-1945.
and typewriters. The Bureau of Labor Statistics has, however,
pu blished indexes of output per wage earner and, output per man- SOURCE: For 1909-1942, see Bureau of Labor Statistics, Produchour which extend through the war period for some 30 nonmuni- tivity in Agriculture, 1909-1942, Nov. 1943; for 1943-45, see same,
tions manufacturing industries. These indexes are shown in the Productivity in Agriculture, 1942-1946, December 1947. See also
release, Productivity and Unit Labor Cost in Selected Manufac- general note for series D 213-217.
turing Industries, 1939-1945, (mimeographed) May 1946. The inThese BLS reports present indexes for the United States as a
dexes are in process of revision and extension through 1946.
whole and for 11 farming areas. The production index, used to
D 214. Index of output per man-hour in railroad transportation, derive the productivity index, is based on data of the Bureau of
1916-1945. Base: 1939=100. SOURCE: Figures for 1916-1934 are Agricultural Economics for the output of 73 farm products during
based on Witt Bowden, "Productivity, Hours, and Compensation the years 1936-1945. For the earlier period,1909-1935, t.he series
of Railroad Labor, 1933 to 19B6," Monthly Labor Review, July was derived from indexes prepared by the W. P. A. National Re1937; for 1935-1945, see Bureau of Labor Statistics, Productivity search Project and published in the reports, Trends in Size and

60

PRODUCTIVITY
Production of the Aggregate Farm Enterprise, 1909-1936, and
Trends in Employment in Agriculture, 1909-1936.

Union Membership and Work Stoppages: Series


D 218-238
UNION MEMBERSHIP (D 218-223)
D 218-223. General note. Labor union membership in the

Text: D 217-238

D 221. Number of affiliated CIa unions, 1937-1945. SOURCE:


Compiled from Proceedings of annual conventions of the CIO.
See general note for series D 218~223.
D 222. Total CIO membership, 1937-1945. SOURCES: For 19371944, see Proceedings of the Constitutional Conventions of the
CIO; for 1945, see CIa Department of Research arid Education,
Economic Outlook, November-December 1945. See general note
for series D 218-223.
D 223. Total membership of independent or unaffiliated unions,
1897-1945, SOURCES: For 1897-1928, see Wolman, Leo, Ebb and
Flow in Trade Unionism, National Bureau of Economic Research,
New York, 1936, pp. 138-139; for 1929-1934, see Wolman, adjusted to include membership of unions in the Trade Union Unity
League shown on p. 144; for 1935-1945, Bureau of Labor Statistics' estimates based upon fragmentary data. See general note
for series D 218-223.

United States, 1897-1945. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics


records. See also detailed listing for the individual series.
The membership series are based upon reports and statements
issued by the trade-union orlanizations in their official journals,
reports, or convention proceedings, since there are no official
Government statistics covering trade-union membership for the
United States. "Union membership" is defined differently by
various unions and the data are, therefore, not strictly comparable. The tre._d series, however, reasonably reflects year-to-year
changes within each major union group.
WORK STOPPAGES (D 224-238)
Many unions whose headquarters are in the United States also
have locals outside the continental United States, primarily in
D 224-238. Work stoppages, workers involved, man-days idle,
Canada. However, separate breakdowns of membership, by coun- major issues, and average duration, 1881-1945. SOURCES: For
tries, are not available; the data therefore include a union's total 1881-1936, see Bureau of Labor Statistics, Strikes in the United
membership irrespective of where located. The Thirty-fourth States, 1880-1936, Bulletin No. 651; for 1937-1945, see May issues
Annual Report on Labor Organization in Canada, published by of Monthly Labor Review, 1938-1947.
the Canadian Department of Labor and covering the calendar
The statistical.series on work stoppages caused by labor-manyear 1944, reported 468,013 Canadian workers as members of agement disputes dates back to 1881 with a gap for the 8~year
international unions whose principal offices were in the United period 1906-1913 during which no data were collected. FragmenStates.
tary data for earlier years, going back as far as 1741, were brought
Figures for the American Federation of Labor are those re- together and published in the Third Annual Report of the Comported an.~ually by the Federation's secretary-treasurer (e. g., missioner of Labor, 1887, pp. 1107-8.
see Report of the Proceedings of the 65th Convention of the
The Third Annual Report, 1887, covers the period 1881-1886
American Federation of Labor, 1946, p. 43). These membership (with fragmentary data for earlier years); the Tenth Annual Redata are defined by the AFL as the "total paid membership .of port, 1894, covers the years 1887-1894; the Sixteenth Annual Rethe affiliated national and international organizations and the port, 1901, the period 1895-1900; and the Twenty-first Annual
directly chartered trade and federal labor unions" based "on Report, 1906, the period 1901-1905. No national statistics on work
the actual per capita tax" remitted by affiliated unions.
stoppages were compiled for the years 1906-1913. Beginning with
The Congress of Industrial Organizations was formally organ- 1914 the data have been compiled by the Bureau of Labor Staized in 1938. It existed as a Committee for Industrial Organization tistics.
from November 1935 to November 1938. The CIa has never made
In recent years the Bureau has used the term "work stoppages
public a consecutive membership series. The figures shown, there- caused by labor-management disputes." Use of this term, however,
fore, are based upon reports or statements of CIa 'officials as to has not represented any departure in coverage of.. the historical
total membership or reported gains over a specified period.
and more popular terminology of "strikes and lock-outs." The
The third broad category of union membership includes labor Bureau's definitions of these terms are as follows: A strike is a
organizations which are not affiliated with either the AFL or the temporary stoppage of work by a group of employees in order to
CIa. In general, this group of "independent" or "unaffiliated" express a grievance or to enforce a demand. A lock-out is a tempounions includes all bona-fide national labor organizations and rary withholding of work from a group of employees by an emexcludes those which are either purely local in character or whose ployer (or group of employers) in order to coerce them into acjurisdiction does not extend beyond the employees of a single cepting the employer's terms.
employer. In addition to the long-established four train and engine
While the above definitions were first used in the middle 1930's,
service railroad brotherhoods, this group includes a relatively the substance of the definitions has been used as a guide throughlarge but fluctuating number of small labor organizations. In recent out the period covered by the series. The individual strike or lockyears changes in affiliation of certain large labor organizations, out, that is, one concerted action, is the unit counted irrespective
such as the United Mine Workers of America and the International of the number of unions or employers jointly involved in the conAssociation of Machinists, have also influenced the membership troversy.
totals of the different groups.
The figures on number of workers involved and number of manIn conjunction with membership statistics the number of affil- days idle include data for all workers made idle in the establishiated unions of the AFL and CIa are also compiled from official ments where the strike or lock-out occurred. The data do not measunion sources. Similar data for independent unions are not avail- ute indirect or secondary idleness in other establishments which susable.
pend or curtail operations due to material or service shortages
D 218. Total union membership, 1897-1945. SOURCE; Sum of resulting from a work stoppage.
series D 220, D 222, and D 223.
Stoppages involving fewer than 6 workers or lasting less than a
D 219. Number of affiliated AFL unions, 1897-1945. SOURCES:
full shift are excluded from the series. Such minor disputes usually
Data for 1897, 1898, and 1933-1945 compiled from Proceedings of have little appreciable effect on production, and the difficulties
annual AFL conventions for those years; for other years, see of obtaining adequate data make their inclusion in a statistical
Lorwin, Lewis L., The American Federation of Labor, Brookings series impracticable.
For the period 1881-1905 the Bureau of Labor periodically exInstitution, 1933, p. 488. See general note for series D 218:-223.
D 220. Total AFL membership, 1897-1945. SOURCE; Proceedamined the files of leading daily newspapers, trade magazine~, and
ings, 65th Convention of the AFL, 1946, p. 43. See general note commercial periodicals to locate references to strikes and lockfor series D 218-223.
outs. Agents of the Bureau were then assigned to collect basic data
61

Text: D 224-238

LABOR FORCE, WAGES, AND WORKING

from the parties directiy involved and were instructed to inquire


widely for all strikes and lock-outs not discovered through the press.
For 1906-1913 no statistics no work stoppages were gathered.
During 1914 and 1915 very little information was collected except
for noting the number of stoppages. For 1916-1926 a rather completecount of the number of stoppages was made from press
notices, but limited returns from questionnaires sent out resulted
in incomplete data, with the number of workers involved reported
for only about two-thirds of the stoppages. Since 1927, methods of
collecting basic data through use of a mail schedule have been
improved a:nd coverage has been virtually complete.

62

CONDITION~

Initial notices or leads are obtained from the press and from
various Federal and State agencies dealing with labor-management disputes. At the present time (1947) the Bureau of Labor
Statistics has access to newspaper clippings on strikes from over
250 daily newspapers and from many union and industry journals,
and obtains data from the Conciliation Service of the U. S. Department of Labor and from several State labor agencies.
Preliminary estimates of stoppages, workers involved, and mandays idle are published monthly. A detailed statistical analysis is
issued annually in the Monthly Labor Review, and subsequently,
in greater detail, as a separate bulletin.

Data: D 1-31

LABOR FORCE

Series D 1-10.-LABOR FORCE-PERSONS 10 YEARS OLD ANDOVER GAINFULLY OCCUPIED;


IN AGRICULTURAL AND IN NONAGRICULTURAL PURSUITS; AND TOTAL AND MARRIED
WOMEN IN THE LABOR FORCE OR GAINFULLY OCCUPIED, 15 YEARS OLD AND OVER:
'1820 TO 1940
[Figures for 1940 relate to the labor force; those for earlier years relate to gainful workers. For differences in concepts and statements of adjustments,
see text statement, series D 1-7J
WOMEN IN LABOR FORCE OR GAINFULLY OCCUPIED, 15 YEARS OLD
AND OVER l

ALL PERSONS 10 YEARS OLD AND OVER


Number of persons engaged inYEAR

Population
10 years
oid and
over

All occupations
Nonagricultural
pursuits

Percent of
population
10 and over

N'umber
2

1940 _______________
1930 _______________
1920 _______________
1910 _______________
1900 _______________

110,443,129
. 98,723,047
82,739,315
71,580,270
57,949,824

1890 8 ______________
1880 _______________
1870 _______________
1860 _______________
1850 _______________

Percent of total occupied

Agricultural
pursuits

All
occupations

Married

Nannonagricultural

Agricultural

Total
number

Number

Percent

10

52 ,148 ,251
48,829,920
42,433,535
37,370,794
29,073,233

47.2
49.5
51.3
52.2
50.2

42,985,7fJ4
38,357,922
30,984,765
25,779,027
18,161,235

9,162,547
10,471,998
11 ,448,770
11 ,591,767
10,911 ,998

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

82.4
78.6
73.0
69.0
62.5

17.6
21.4
27.0
31.0
37.5

47,413,559
36,761,607
29,123,6"3
22,429,625
16,452,835

23,318,183
17,392,099
12,924,951
10,532,750
7,697,196

49.2
47.3
44.4
47.0
46.8

13,379,810
8,807,289
6,075,179
4,325,116
2,795,314

9,938,373
8,584,810
6,849,772
6,207,634
4,901,882

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

57.4
50.6
47.0
41.1
36.3

42.6
3,712,144
515,260
13.9
49.4 ------------ - - - - - - - - -- -- ------- --53.0 ------------ ------------ ---------58.9 ------------ ------------ ---------63.7 ------------ ------------ ----------

1840 _______________ 4 11 ,629 ,006


1830 _______________ 58,639,412
1820 _______________ 6 6,487,815

. 5,420,000
3,931,537
2,881,000

46.6
45.5
44.4

1,700,049
1,159,084
812,042

3,719,951
2,772,453
2,068,958

100.0
100.0
100.0

31.4
29.5
28.2

68.6 ------------ ------------ ---------70.5 ------------ ------------ ------- --71.8


.. _- -- ------- ---

1 Figures for 1940 are revised estimates of labor force 14 years old and over;
see Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P"50, No.2. Figures for
prior years are for gainfully occupied 15 years old and over.
2 See text for explanation of derivation of this figure.
S Excludes persons .in Indian Territory and on Indian reservations, areas specially enumerated at that census, but for which areas no occupation statistics are

13,840,000
10,632,227
8,346,796
7,639,828
4,997,415

. 5,040,000
3,.071 ,302
1,920,281
. 1,890,661
769,477

36.4
28.9
23.0
24.7
15.4

------------ ------_

available. Figures for the remaining area are the corrected figures; for explanation,
see analysis of occupation returns for 1890 in Twelfth Census (1900), Special Re-

ports, "Occupations," pp. lxvi-Ixxiii.

Final figures, after reenumeration of Montgomery County, Maryland, in 1841.


Includes 9,419 out of 11,130 persons for whom age was not ascertained.
a See U.S. Bureau of the Census, Suppiementary Analysis of Twelfth Census, p. 408.
4

Series D 11-31.-LABOR FORCE-TOTAL IN LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS:


1940 TO 1945
lIn thousands of persons 14 years old and over. Excludes institutional population. Figures are revised. See Bureau of the Census, Current
Population Reports, Series P-50, No. 2J
TOTAL LABOR FORCE
(INCLUDING ARMED FORCES)
AVERAGE FOR THE YEAR

Both sexes

1945 ______________________________
1944 ______________________________
1943 ______________________________
1942 ______________________________
1941 ______________________________
1940 ______________________________

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE


Total civilian labor force

Male

Total employed

Female
Both sexes

Male

Female

Both sexes

Male

Female

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

65 ;140
65,890
64,410
60,230
57,380

45,870
46,520
45,600
44,110
42,740

19,270
19,370
18,810
16,120
14,640

53,860
54,630
55,540
56,410
55,910

34,830
35,460
36,840
40,300
41,270

19,030
19,170
18,700
16,110
14,640

52,820
53,960
54,470
53,750
50,350

34,210
35,110
36,270
38,580
37,350

18,610
18,850
18,200
15,170
13,000

56,030

41,870

14,160

55,640

41,480

14,160

47,520

35,550

11,970

<"

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE-continued


AVERAGE
FOR THE YEAR

Nonagricultural employment

NOT IN LABOR FORCE


Agricultural employment

Unemployed

Both sexes

Male

Female

Both sexes

Male

Female

Both sexes

Male

Female

Both sexes

Male

Female

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

:31

1945 _________________
1944 _________________
1943 _________________
1942 _________________
1941 _________________

44,240
45,OlD
45,390
44,500
41,250

27,600
28,090
29,170
30,980
29,520

16,640
16,920
16,220
13,520
11,730

8,580
8,950
9,080
9,250
9,100

6,610
7,020
7,100
7,600
7,830

1,970
1,930
1,980
1,650
1,270

1,040
670
1,070
2,660
5,560

620
350
570
1,720
3,920

420
320
500
940
1,640

40,230
38,590
39,100'
. 42,230
43,990

6,250
5,310
5,790
6,800
7,680

33,980
33,280
33,310
35,430
36 ,~110

1940 _________________

37,980

27,100

10,880

9,540

8,450

1,090

8,120

5,930

2,190

44,200

8;060

36,140

63

Series D 32-46.-LABOR FORCE-SEX AND AGE OF PERSONS 16 YEARS OLD AND OVER IN LABOR FORCE, 1940,
AND GAINFUL WORKERS, 1890 TO 1930

&"

t:j

II)
.,.,.
II)

t::1

BOTH SEXES

MALE

FEMALE

t-o

YEAR

Total,
16 and over

16 to 44
years

45 to 64
years

65 and
over

Unknown

Total,
16 and over

16 to 44
years

45 to 64
years

65 and
over

Unknown

Total,
16 and over

16 to 44
years

45 to 64
years

65 and
over

Unknown

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

--------31,029
57,677
69,272
75,949

13,770,000
10,545,740
8,277,901
7,010,643
4,833,630

10,710,000
8,351,016
6,712,740
5,811 ,489
3,979,819

2,750,000
1,915,104
1,352,479
1,011,354
697,530

78,507

3,596,615

2,986,668

493,750

1940 1_____
1930 ______
1920 ______
1910 ______
1900 ______

54,410,000
48,162,802
41,016,851
35,749,068
27,323,055

37,350,000
33,491,651
29,338,834
26,620,049
20,222,999

14,840,000
12,421,753
9,913,601
7,606,392
5,803,970

1890 ______

21,814,412

16,161,989

4,546,824

2,220,000
2,204,967 --44~43i1,690,957
73,459
1,439,845
82,782
1,202,443
93,643

40,640,000
37,617,062
32,738,950
28,738,425
22,489,425

26,640,000
25,140,635
22,626,094
20,808,560
16,243,180

12,090,000
10,506,649
8,561,122
6,595,038
5,106,440

1,910,000
1,938,749
1,494,057
1,265,555
1,063,856

1,009,053

18,217,797

13,175,321

4,053,074

910,895

96,546

310,000
266,218 --i3~402196,900
15,782
13,510
174,290
138,587
17,694
98,158

18,039

t"l

>
t:d

IFigures for 1940 are revised. See Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P-50, No.2.

Ioxj

Series D 47-61.-LABOR FORCE-INDUSTRIAL DISTRIBUTION OF GAINFUL WORKERS (NBER): 1820 TO 1940

()

[In thousands of lIe r sons 1

Manufacturing
and hand
trades

Construction

Transportation and
other public
utilities

Trade

50

51

52

53

140
120

1,110
1,160

11 ,940
10,770

3,510
3,030

10,480
10,680
11,350
10,950

270
280
250
210

1,150
1,230
1,060
750

10,990
10,890
8,250
6,250

23,720
17,390
12,920

10,170
8,570
6,730

180
95
60

470
320
190

4,620
3,210
2,130

1870 2 ____________ _
1860 _____________ _
1850 _____________ _

12,920
10,530
7,700

6,850
6,210
4,900

60
40
25

180
170
90

2,750
1,930
1,260

1840 _____________ _
1830 _____________ _
1820 _____________ _

5,420
3,930
2,880

3,720
2,770
2,070

15

790

All gainful
workers

Agriculture

Forestry
and
fisheries

Mining

47

48

49

1940 _____________ _
1930 1 ______ .______ _

53,300
47,400

9,000
10,180

1930 2 ____________ _
1920 _____________ _
1910 _____________ _
1900 _____________ _

48,830
41,610
36,720
29,070

1890 _____________ _
1880 _____________ _
1870 3 ____________ _

YEAR

Comparable with 1940.

.---

1----------~

Finance
and real
estate

Educational
service

Other
professional
service

Domestic
service

Personal
service

Government, not
elsewhere
classified

Not
allocated

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

4,150
4,810

7,180
6,190

1,550
1,470

1,680
1,630

2,320
1,720

2,610
2,550

3,100
2,500

1,690
1,130

3,330
145

3,030
2,190
2,310
1,640

4,850
4,200
3,200
2,020

6,030
4,140
3,520
2,870

1,420
800
520

1,650
1,170
900
650

1,760
1,080
780
510

2,330
1,700
2,150
1,740

2,490
1,670
1,590
1,020

1,050
920
540
300

1,340
670
310
160

1,400
850
700

1,470 .
850
580

510
330
190

350
200
140

1,510
1,080
940

680
390
270

190
140
100

100
100
40

.'----....r------"

--350---

Comparable with data for earlier years.

2,060
1,280
850

"---------.,..-----/

'----

v---

1,350
780
420

1,700
1,310
940

-------------------------------------

----------------"-- - ---

Comparable with data for later years.

~(.":)
[rj

sn
ll>

30
90
65
895
1,160
460

Z
t:1

~~

1-1

(.":)

()

Z
t:1
1-1

t-3

1-1

Z
r:n

LABOR FORCE

Data: D 62-89

Series D 62-76.-LABOR FORCE-INDUSTRIAL DISTRIBUTION OF EMPLOYED (NICB):


1900 TO 1945
[In thousands of persons. Series D 62, D '64, and D 74 include all persons in military forces]
GAINFUL WORKER S EMPLOYMENTSTATUS

Number

YEAR

Service industries

Percent
Forestry Extrac- Manufacof popu
UnAgriand
tion of
lation Employe d employed 2 culture S
turing
fishing minerals
10 yrs.
and over

---- --- ---62


64
63
---1945 ________
1944. _______
1943 ________
1942 ________
1941. _______

INDUSTRIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE EMPLOYED

65

66

67

68

Construction

69

70

Transportation
71

---

Trade,
Public distribuutilities tion, and
finance
,72

Total

Excluding military
forces

73

74

75

Miscellaneous

--76

---

56,769
56,184
55,564
54,859
54,156

53.2
53.1
53.0
52.9
52.8

61,653
63,308
62,026
55,762
51,434

-4,909
-7,141
-6,472
-925
2,699

9,833
10,030
10,264
10,392
10,355

162
173
188
209
215

590
642
702
780
758

13,288
15,437
16,205
14,632
13,198

1,360
1,369
1,764
2,624
2,612

3,200
2,932
2,476
2,276
2,135

960
946
1,021
1,037
1,015

7,584
7,484
7,479
7,633
7,843

23,270
22,849
20,523
14,947
12,190

11,953
11,474
11,594
11 ,217
10,476

1,408
1,447
1,406
1,231
1,114

53,466
53,811
53 229
52 ;692
52,237

52.7
49.1
49.0
49.0
49.1

46,683
44,993
~8 ,416
46,279
44,830

6,995
8,786
6,403
7,386

10,580
10,739
10,794
10,884
11,037

208
198
201
227
212

756
707
750
865
825

11 ,288
10,517
9,538
11 ,361
10,485

1,907
1,610
1,875
1,924
2,014

1,948
1,871
1 t799
2,016
1,905

956
934
942
975
922

7,631
7,511
7,317
7,549
7,349

10,432
9,978
9,316
9,518
9,165

9,859
9,609
8,98l.
9,196
8,864

978
928
884
958
915

1935 ________
1934. _______
1933 ________
1932 ________
1931. _______

51,769
51,267
50,691
50:132
49,597

49.2
49.3
49.3
49.3
49.4

42,653
41,474
38,827
38,727
42,530

9,092
9,761
11 ,842
11,385
7,037

11 ,130
10,855
11 ,027
11 ,068
11 ,157

192
177
157
138
160

798
794
677
668
825

9,757
9,179
7,979
7,348
8,423

1,344
1,518
1,114
1,312
2,225

1,757
1,724
1,656
1,719
2,006

885
883
858
932
1,041

7,167
7,097
6,728
6,779
7,300

8,770
8,416
7,877
8,014
8,543

8,501
8,158
7,625
7,760
8,283

854
830
753
750
851

1930 ___ ---1929 ________


1928 ________
1927 ________
1926 ________

49,006
48,354
47,914
46,939
45,962

49.4
49.6
49.8
49.5
49.2

46,081
47,925
46,057
45,319
45,498

2,896
429
1,857
1,620
464

11 ,172
10 ,539
10,552
10,519
10,801

221
267
252
253
260

973
1,067
1,053
1,122
1,198

9,770
11 ,059
10,312
10,164
10,886

2,842
3,340
3,438
3,468
8,497

2,287
2,465
2,431
2,508
2,523

1,151
1,167
1,143
1,126
1,104

7,802
8,007
7,444
7,105
7,054

8,917
8,654
9;003 --------8,471 --------8,112 --------7,786 ----,.-- ... -

1925 ________
1924 ________
1923 ________
1922 ________
192L _______

45,009
44,549
43,760
42,966
42,445

49.0
49.4
49.5
49.6
49.9

44,192
42,515
43,011
40,049
37,691

817
2,034
749
2,917
4,754

10,725
10,662
10,697
10,766
10,751

266
255
262
233
202

1,120
1,135
1,251
954
959

10,222
9,896
10,592
9,391
8,599

3,279
2,897
2,591
2,311
1,704

2,453
2,413
2,479
2,232
2,265

1,066
1,040
1,004
940
913

6,892
6,400
6,377
5,935
5,360

7,264
6,956
6,884
6,495
6,209

---------------------------------- .. ----

905
861
874
792
729

1920 ________
1919 ________
1918 ________
1917. _____ ~_
1916 ________

41,897
41,159
41,088
40,752
40,314

50.3
50.2
50.8
51.2
51.4

41,339
42,029
44,187
42,685
40,127

558
-870
-3,099
-1,933
187

10,718
10,489
10,731
11,161
11,382

236
229
214
228
239

1,232
1,131
1,341
1,357
1,270

11,013
10,989
11,446
11 ,436
10,184

1,582
1,808
1',767
1,722
1,694

2,603
2,432
2,311
2,172
2,072

932
877
851
831
799

5,643
5,847
5,731
5,808
5,463

6,552
7,373
8 ;889
7,117
6,247

---------------------------_ ... ------------

828
854
906
853
777

1915 ________
1914 ________
1913 ________
1912 ________
191L _______

40,083
3~, 789
39,500
39,089
38,668

51.8
52.2
52.6
52.9
53.2

37,728
37,575
38,482
38,169
37,097

2,355
2,214
1,018
920
1,571

11 ,371
11 ,404
11,451
11 ,473
11 ,493

225
228
233
230
216

1,144
1,132
1,253
1,181
1,144

8,911
8,769
9,099
8,909
8,628

1,644
1,801
2,126
2,374
2,131

2,035
2,061
2,123
2,112
2,029

755
744
729
697
659

4,962
4,742
4,797
4,726
4,588

5,969
5,987
5,940
5,745
5,517

-----_ .. _---------------------------------

712
707
731
722
692

1910 ________
1909 ________
1908 ________
1907 ________
1906 ________

38,133
37,454
36,580
35,631
34,647

f53.3
53.3
53.1
52.8
52.5

37,580
36,735
34,284
34,875
34,790

553
719
2,296
756
-143

11 ,610
11 ,599
11 ,413
11,064
11,246

214
211
199
209
207

1,168
1,103
994
1,100
971

8,990
8,446
7,431
7,935
7,666

2,177
2,333
2,143
2,332
2,567

2,015
1,933
1,800
1,876
1,918

615
569
538
512
482

4,622
4,522
4,170
4,184
4,172

5,467
5,339
4,978
5,020
4,925

--------------------------------.. -- --- ---

702
686
618
643
636

1905 ________
1904 ________
1903 ________
1902 ________
190L _______

33,653
32,605
31,842
30,905
29,959

52.0
51.5
'51.4
51.1
50.6

33,032
31,175
30,319
30,405
28,238

621
1,430
1,523
500
1,721

10,795
10,587
10,117
10,145
9,481

197
195
188
183
175

949
840
834
734
703

7,278
6,754
6,714
6,503
6,212

2,285
1,954
1,962
2,614
1,954

1,772
1,659
1,624
1,570
1,448

437
392
359
324
300

3,978
3,730
3,580
3,520
3,373

4,740
4,508
4,395
4,265
4,085

------------------- -------- --------------

601
556
546
547
507

1900 ________

29,025

50.2

27,378

1,647

9,552

166

653

6,090

1,639

1,355

276

3,224

3,942

----- ...

---

481

1940 ________
1939 ________
1938 ________
1937 ________
1936 ________

9,796

1 Estimates beginning in 1930 are for midyear rather than annual average. Because of this, from 1930 on, employment plus unemployment, shown in series D 64,
D 65 will not exactly equal the number of gainful workers shown in series D 62.
2 Unemployment is derived as the difference between the employment estimate
and the estimated labor force or total number of gainful workers shown in series
D 62. Negative unemployment in the estimates shown in this table arises during
periods of high industrial activity when the number of persons actually employed
is in excess of the projected estimate of the labor force or total. number of gainful
workers.

945
1,012
961
942
939

-_

3 Data for 1900 to 1929 not directly comparable with series for later years.
4 This figure and those of subsequent years are based on the 1940 Census laborforce concept and therefore are not comparable with those for prior years which
are based on the gainful-worker concept. The 1940 figure based on the gainfulworker concept is 54,808,000. Figures for years prior to 1940 are all based on the
gainful-worker concept. (See text for.series D 1-7 for discussion of these concepts.)

Series D 77-89.-LABOR FORCE-SOCIAL-ECONOMIC GROUP OF THE EXPERIENCED LABOR


FORCE, 1940, AND GAINFUL WORKERS, 1910 TO 1930
(For persons 14 years old and over]
PROPRIETORS, MANAGERS, AND OFFICIALS

Total
YEAR

1940 1____
1930 _____
1920 _____
1910 _____
1

Professional
persons

Total

Farmers
(owners
and
tenants)

Other
Wholesale
proprieand
tors,
retail
managers,
dealers
and
officials

UNSKILLED WORKERS

Clerks
and
kindred
workers

Skilled
workers
and
foremen

Semiskilled
workers

Total

Farm
laborers

Laborers,
except
farm

Servant
classes

77

78

79

80

81

82

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

52,020,023
48,594,592
41,236,185
37,271 ,360

3,381,993
2,945,605
2,049,919
1,632,185

9,233,643
9,665,489
'9,180,483
8,579,458

5,274,706
6,012,012
6,387,358
6,132,368

2,037,900
1,786,996
1,401,751
1,245,801

1,921,037
1,866,481
1,391,374
1,201,289

8,923,939
7,936,285
5,682,150
3,804,474

6,104,985
6,282,665
5,570,533
4,363,984

10,918,312
7,972,711
6,631,733
5,489,315

13,457,151
13,791,837
12,121,367
13,401,944

3,708,191
4,187,201
3,857,833
5,407,102

5,566,493
6,272,700
6,018.944
5,461,957

4,182,467
3,331,936
2,244,590
2,532,885

Unrevised.

65

LABOR FORCE, WAGES, AND WORKING CONDITIONS

Data: D 90-116

Series D 90-106.-LABOR FORCE-SELECTED OCCUPATIONS OF THE EXPERIENCED LABOR


FORCE, 1940, AND GAINFUL WORKERS, 1870 TO 1930
[Classiftcation is according to the 1940 occupation-classification system]

YEAR

---90

BarBook- Mine
bers,
Jani- Trained
Teachers, keepers,
operanurses
beautiactives
tors
Carnot
cians,
and
countand
and penters
elsewhere ants,
student
and
laborsextons nurses
classified
and
mani"
ers
cashiers
curists

Farm
laborers
(paid
and
unpaid)

Farmers
(owners
and
tenants)

91

92

94

96

95

14 y~" old =d

BrickMusi- masons,
Board- Practicians stone- Design- ing and
cal
and masons, ers and lodgnurses
draftsingmusic
and
and
men
teachhouse
midtile
ers
keepers wives
setters
--------- ------ ---

Plum- Physibers,
and gas cians
and
and
sursteam
geons
fitters

- - - - - - - - - -9-7-1-9-8- - 9 - 9 - / 1 0 0

93

Exp"i~~d labo, fo,~,


I

Blectricians
and
powerstation
operators

un

102

104

103

105

106

0,","

Gainful workers, 14 years old and over

6,012,01'1',078 ,61 ,044, 0161939 ,954 887 ,48'1'20,

1St74,2151306 ,52t" ,1891277,5141235,4361153 ,8031'66 ,69t70, 9031" ,032

1930 ____ ~ ___


142,927 146,018
1920 ________ 6,387,358 3,765,447 752,055 742,035 1982,470 878,505 216,095 176,446 149,128 210,834204,651 144,977 131,467 131,264 66,689 132,058 145,795
1910 ________ 6,132,3685,296,320595,28549.1,517 882,587 808,949195,124111,739 82,327119,039146,821151,132140,503169,402 44,103 163,797 123,534

Gainful workers, 10 years old and over


1900 ________
1890 ________
1880 ________
1870 ________

5,772,610
5,382,037
4,301,412
3,127,715

5,036,600
4,465,209
4,197,730
3,G47,616

435,642
339,421
226,032
128,265

257,429
160,968
75,668
39,164

656,687
422,130
287,167
180,455

594,249
612,060
386,689
362,143

132,826 56,011 11 ,804 50,210 96,807 132,002 93,096


85,848 26,273 4,589 14,850 60,619 104,805 .62,777
45,412 9,120 1,537 1,188 19,189 85,671 30,782
24,660 2,920 1,204
396 11 ,090 64,414 16,332

160.805 18,754 70,568 101,511


160,845 9,297 43,906 39,987
102,473 2,7.92 18,867 13,080
90,775 1,278 12,765 l(),569

Unrevised.

Series D I07-110.-HOURS AND WAGES-AVERAGE HOURS PER DAY, AND INDEX OF AVERAGE WAGES PER DAY, IN ALL NONAGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENTS AND IN BUILDING
TRADES: 1860 TO 1891
ALL NONAGRICULTURAL
EMPLOYMENTS!

YEAR

ALL NONAGRICULTURAL
EMPLOYMENTS!

BUILDING TRADES

Average
number of
hours per
day

Index
of average
wages Per day
(1860=100)

Average
number of
hours per
day

Index
of average
wages per day
(1860=100)

107

1t8

109

110

________

10.0

160.7

9.4

172.5

1890 __________
1889 __________
1888 __________
1887 __________
1886 __________

10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.2

158.9
156.7
155.4
153.7
150.9

9.6
9.6
9.7
9.7
9.8

172.7
170.1
170.9
170.1
170.3

1885 _________
1884 __________
1883 __________
1882 ________ ~_
1881. _________

.10.3
10.3
10.3
10.3
10.3

150.7
152.7
152.7
149.9
146.5

9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9

169.9
168.5
166.0
165.1
160.1

1880 __________
1879 __________
1878 __________
1877 __________
1876 __________

10.3
10.3
10.3
10.3
10.3

141.5
139.9
142.5
144.9
152.5

9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9

142.7
137.9
140.7
146;3
158.6

189L~

YEAR

BUILDING TRADES

Average
number of
hours per
day

. Index
of average
wages per day
(1860=100)

Average
number of
hours per
day

Index
of average
wages per day
(1860=100)

107

108

109

110

1875 ___________
1874 ___________
1873~ __________
1872 ___________
1871. __________

10.3
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5

158.4
161. 5
167.1
166.0
163.6

1870 ___________
1869 ___________
1868 ___________
1867. __________
1866 ___ :. _______

10.5
10.6
10.6
10.8
10.8

1865 ___________
1864. __________
1863 ___________
1862 ________ __
1861. __________
1860 ___________

9.9
9 ..9
9.9
9.9
10.0

169.2
178.1
179 .. 4
183.3
182.7

162.2
162.0
159.2
157.6
152.4

10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

185.5
189.2
185.5
185.1
170.0

10.7
10.8
10.8
10.8
10.9

143.1
125.6
110.5
102.9
100.8

10.0
10.1
10.1
10.1
10.1

161.1
143.7
119.7
106.3
100.4

11.0

100.0

10.1

100.0

Restricted coverage, especially for earlier years; see text.

Series D 111-116.-HOURS, WAGES, AND EARNINGS-INDEXES OF AVERAGE WAGES, HOURS,


AND EARNINGS IN MANUFACTURING: 1890 TO 1907
[1890-1899=100)
ALL MANUFACTURING 1

YEAR

Average
wages per
hour

Average
full-time
weekly
earnings

113

114

115

116

Average
wages per
hour

Average
full-time
weekly
earnings

111

112

1901. ____
1906 _____

128.8
124.2

95.0
95.4

122.4
118.5

144.6
140.2

90.6
90.9

131. 0
127.4

1905 _____
1904 _____
1903 _____
1902 _____
1901. ____

118.9
117.0
116.3
112.2
108.0

95.9
95.9
96.6
97.3
98.1

114.0
112.2
112.3
109.2
105.9

132.2
129.7
126.8
121.1
114.5

91.2
91.3
91.8
92.6
94.4

120.6
118.4
116.4
112.1
108.1

105.5
102.0

98.7
99.2

104.1
101.2

109.9
105.3

95.5
97.5

105.0
102.7

1900 _____
1899 _____

I
1

Includes building trades and other "hand and neighborhood industries."

66

BUILDING'rRADES

ALL MANUFACTURING 1

BUILDING TRADES

Average
full-time
weekly
hours

Average
full-time
weekly
hours

YEAR

Average
wages per
hour

Average
full-time
weekly
hours

Average
full-time
weekly
earnings

Average
wages per
hour

Average
full-time
weekly
hours

Average
full-time

111

112

113

114

115

116

wee~dy

earmngs

1898 _____
1897 _____
1896 _____

100.2
99.6
99.7

99.7
99.6
99.8

99.9
99.2
99.5

102.8
101. 3
99.9

98.1
98.6
99.2

100.8
99.9
99.1

1895 _____
1894 _____
1893 _____
1892 _____
189L ____

98.3
97.9
100.9
100.8
100.3

100.1
99.8
100.3
100.5
100.5

98.4
97.7
101.2
101.3
100.8

98.4
97.6
100.0
99.9
97.9

100.3
100.7
100.5
100.7
101.8

98.7
98.3
100.5
100.6
99.7

1890 _____

100.3

100.7

101. 0

97.0

102.5

99.4

Data: D 117-133

HOURS, WAGES, AND EARNINGS

SeriesD 117-120.-HOURS, EARNINGS, AND PAY ROLLS-AVERAGE EARNINGS AND HOURS,


AND INDEX OF PAY ROLLS, FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN MANUFACTURING: 1909
TO 1945
\

YEAR

1945 ______
1944 ____ ._
19ML _____
1942 ______
194L ____ .~
1940~ _____
1939 ______
1938 ______
1937 ______
1936 ______

Average
hourly
earnings

Average
weekly
hours

Average
weekly
earnings

Index of
pay rolls
(1939 avo
=100)

117

118

119

120

YEAR

Average
hourly
earnings

Average
weekly
hours

Average
weekly
earnings

Index of
pay rolls
(1939 avo
=100)

117

118

119

120

$1.023
1.019
0.961
0.853
0.729

43.4
45.2
44.9
42.9
40.6

$44.39
46.08
43.14
36.65
29.58

293.4
345.7
334.4
245.2
167.5

1935 _____
1934 _____
1933 _____
1932 _____
193L ____

$0.550
0.532
0.442
0.446
0.515

36.6
34.6
38.1
38.3
40.5

$20.13
18.40
16.73
17.05
2Q.87

78.0
67.8
52.8
49.2
71.2

0.661
0.633
0.627
0.624
0.556

38.1
37.7
35.6
38.6
39.2

25.20
23.86
22.30
24.05
21. 78

114.5
100.0
84.2
108.2
90.5

1930 _____
1929 _____
1928 _____
1927 _____
1926 _____

0.552
0.566
0.562
0.550
0.548

42.1
44.2
44.4
45.0
45.0

23.25
25.03
24.97
24.74
24.65

94.1
116.4
109.1
107.9
109.9

YElAR

Average
hourly
earnings

Average
weekly
hours

Average
weekly
earnings

Index of
pay roils
(1939 a'V.
=100)

117

118

119

120

1925 ____ $0.547


44.5
$24.37
192L ___
23.93
0.547
43.7
1923 ____
0.522
45.6
23.82
1922 ____ --------- --------- --------192L ___ --------- --------- --------1920 ____ --------- --- ------ --- ... ----1919 ____
0.477
46.3
22.08
1914 ____
1909 ____

49.4
51.0

0.223
0.193

106.6
101.2
108.4
85.5
79.7
123.5
103.2

11.01 --- -----9.84 ----_ .. -- ...

Series D 121-133.-HOURS, WAGES, AND EARNINGS-ALL INDUSTRY, MANUFACTURING,


AND FOR SKILLED, UNSKILLED, AND FARM LABOR (DOUGLAS): 1890 TO 1926
ALL INDUSTRY

YEAR

ALL MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRIES

BUILDING TRADES

Average
hours per
week
(standard)

Average
hourly
earnings

Average
hours per
week

Average
hourly
earnings

Average
hours per
week
(union)

Average
hourly
earnings
(union)

121

122

123

124

125

126

UNSKILLED LABOR

Average
Probable
hours per full-time
weekly
week
(standard) 1 earnings
127

128

Average weekly earnings as computed by- Probable


hourly
rates
Coombs
Hurlin 2
(mfg.) &
129

_____

49.8

$0.712

50.3

$0.647

43.8

$1.313

53.6

1925 ______
1924- _____
1923 ______
1922 ______
192L _____

49.9
50.0
50.4
50.5
50.3

0.696
0.683
0.662
0.608
0.640

50.3
50.4
51.0
51.2
50.7

0.645
0.636
0.620
0.574
0.607

43.9
43.8
43.9
43.8
43.8

1.229
1.188
1.107
1.006
1.076

53.7
53.7
53.9
53.8
53.7

22.95
22.19
21.93
19.38
19.89

1920 ______
1919 ______
1918 ______
1917 ______
1916 ______

50.4
51.3
52.2
53.0
53.3

0.688
0.558
0.482
0.394
0.348

51.0
52.3
53.6
54.6
54.9

0.663
0.529
0.448
0.364
0.320

43.8
44.0
44.1
44.4
44.5

1.052
0.780
0.684
0.624
0.587

53.7
54.0
54.5
55.0
55.2

25.50
23.76
21.54
15.72
13.08

$25.50
23.76
21.54
15.72
13.08

_____
1914 ______
1913 ______
1912 ______
191L _____

53.5
53.5
53.8
54.2
54.4

0.319
0.316
0.313
0.302
0.293

55.0
55.2
55.5
56.0
56.4

0.287
0.287
0.285
0.274
0.263

44.8
44.7
44.9
45.0
45.0

0.569
0.567
0.557
0.544
0.531

55.7
55.7
56.1
56.3
56.3

11. 94
11.52
11.46
10.98
10.74

1910 ______
1909 ______
1908 ______
1907 ____ .:_
1906 ______

54:6
54.9
54.9
55.3
55.3

0.288
0.282
0.279
0.281
0.272

56.6
56.8
56.8
57.3
57.3

0.260
0.252
0.250
0.257
0.248

45.2
45.6
45.6
45.7
45.9

0.520
0.510
0.505
0.498
0.481

56.7
57.2
57.2
57.4
57.5

1905 ______
1904 ______
1903 ______
1902 ______
190L ___ ~_"

55.7
55.7
55.9
56.3
56.8

0.261
0.257
0.255
0.244
0.235

57.7
57.7
57.9
58.3
58.7

0.239
0.236
0.236
0.227
0.219

46.1
46.1
46.3
46.7
47.5

0.454
0.443
0.436
0.413
0.391

1900 ______
1899 ______
1898 ______
1897 ______
1896 ______

57.3
57.5
57.6
57.7
57.9

0.228
0.220
0.215
0.212
0.213

59.0
59.1
59.3
59.1
59.2

0.216
0.209
0.204
0.203
0.205

48.3
48.9
49.5
49.8
50.1

1895 ______
189L _____
1893 ______
1892 ______
189L _____

58.1
57.8
58.2
58.2
58.2

0.210
0.211
0.216
0.215
0.213

59.5
59.1
59.7
59.8
59.7

0.200
0.200
0.205
0.203
0.202

1890 ______

58.4

0.211

60.0

0.199

1926~

1915~

130

$23.21 --------- - ----------

131

Average
weekly
rate of
wages

Average
monthly
rate of
wages

132

133

$0.433

$11.42

$49.44

0.427
0.413
0.407
0.360
0.370

11.30
11.06
11.00
9.79
10.05

48.91
47.87
47.64
42.37
43.51

$25.98
23.83
21.69
17.18
13.78

0.475
0.440
0.395
0.286
0.237

15.59
13.59
11.63
9.26
7.47

67.51
58.86
50.36
40.11
32.35

11.94
11.52
11.46
10.98
10.74

10.65
10.78
10.84
10.32
10.13

0.214
0.207
0.204
0.195
0.191

6.83
6.76
6.92
6.70
6.51

29.58
29.27
29;97
29.00
28.20

10.68
10.68
10.38
10.44
10.08

10.68
10.68
10.38
10.44
10,08

10.65
10.37
10.22
10.76
10.34

0.188
0.187
0.181
0.182
0.175

6 . .4,7
6.31
' 6.23
' 6.14
6.07

28.02
27.33
'26.98
'26.62
26.27

57.9
.58.0
58.1
58.3
58.8

9.78
9.66
9.60
9.36
9.24

9.78
9.66
9.60
9.36
9.24

9.91
9.84
9.64
9.25
9.05

0.169
0.167
0.165
0.161
0.157

, 5.82
' 5.57
' 5.32
5.08
' 4.91

' 25.20
' 24.13
' 23.06
21.99
' 21.29

0.374
0.361
0.348
0.346
0.343

59.3
59.5
59.3
59.3
59.6

8.94
8.88
8.82
8.76
8.76

8.94
8.88
8.82
8.76
8.76

8.83
8.70
8.53
8.40
8.46

0.151
0.149
0.149
0.148
0.147

' 4.75
4.60
4.39
' 4.32
j 4.24

' 20.59
19.90
19.02
' 18.70
' 18.37

50.3
50.5
50.4
50.6
51.0

0.341
0.339
0.347
0.348
0.341

59.7
59.6
59.7
59.7
59.7

8.70
8.76
8.88
8.88
8.94

8.70
8.76
8.88
8.88
8.94

7.45
8.34
8.73
8.75
9.74

0.146
0.147
0.149
0.149
0.150

4.17
4.12
4.47
4.58
' 4.53

18.04
17.86
19.34
19.85
' 19.64

51.3

0.341

59.7

8.82

8.71

8.71

0.148

4.49

19.43

Extrapolated after.1907 on basis of relative movement of union bours.


Ralph G. Hurl in, Russel Sage F o u n d a t i o n . '
! Whitney Coombs, The Wages of Unskilled Labor in the Manufacturing Indmtries in the United States, New York, 1926, p. 162.
1
2

FARM LABOR

--------- - ---------------------------- ------------------- ------------------- ----------------~--

4 Interpolated on the assumption of even units of change during years between


those for which direct quotations were collected.

67

Data: D 134-151

LABOR FORCE, WAGES, AND WORKING CONDITIONS

Series D 134-144.-EARNINGS-AVERAGE ANNUAL EARl\JIl\JGS IN ALL INDUSTRIES AND


IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES (DOUGLAS): 1,890 TO 1926
Street
railways

Telephones

Telegraphs

Gas and
electricity

Clerical
workers,
mfg. and
stearn
railroad

Coal
miners

fa~turing

Wage
earners,
stearn
railroad

Farm
labor

135

136

137

138

139

140

141

142

143

144

Wage
earners,
manu-

ALL INDUSTRIES

YEAR

Including
farm
labor

Excluding
farm
labor

134
1926 ________________

$1,376

$1,473

$1,309

$1,613

$1,566

$1,117

$1,215

$1,477

$2,310

$1,332

$593

1925 ________________
1924 ________________
1923 ________________
1922 ________________
1921 ________________

1,336
1,303
1,299
1,201
1,233

1,434
1,402
1,393
1,305
1,349

1,280
1,240
1,254
1,149
1,180

1,597
1,570
1,585
1,591
1,632

1,565
1,544
1,493
1,436
1,539

1,108
1,104
1,069
1,064
1,038

1,161
1,150
1,133
1,110
1,159

1,448
1,436
1,355
1,343
1,364

2,239
2,196
2,126
2,067
2,134

1,173
1,251
1,339
965
1,137

587
574
572
508
522

1920 ________________
1919 ________________
1918 ________________
1917 ________________
1916 ________________

1,407
1,201
1,047
830
708

1,489
1,272
1,115
887
765

1,358
1,158
980
774
651

1,817
1,509
1,424
989
867

1,608
1,387
1,111
872
798

980
844
690
616
567

1,145
967
831
769
806

1,432
1,291
1,092
853
679

2,160
1,914
1,697
1,477
1,359

1,435
1,15()
1,227
966
725

810
706
604
481
388

1915 ________________
1914 ________________
1913 ________________
1912 ________________
191L ___.____________

633
627
621
592
575

687
682
675
646
629

568
580
578
550
537

815
795
760
721
705

748
737
704
674
685

529
476
438
438
419

792
742
717
669
670

644
651
661
641
648

1,267
1,257
1,236
1,209
1,213

591
549
621
600
556

355
351
360
348
338

1910 ________________
1909 ________________
1908 ________________
1907 ________________
1906 ________________

574
543
516
542
520

630
594
563
595
569

558
518
475
522
506

677
644
667
661
607

681
671
650
658
662

417
430
420
412
412

649
622
639
635
592

622
618
595
623
581

1,156
1,136
1,111
1,091
1,074

555
518
490
578
527

336
328
324
319
315

1905 ________________
_______________
1903 ________________
1902 ________________
190L ______________ "

503
490
489
467
454

554
540
543
519
508

494
477
486
473
456

589
600
593
. 562
549

646
610
582
576
601

401
392
397
408

581
601
573
544

543
556
615

1,076
1,056
1;037
1,025
1,009

507
499
515
425
454

302
290
277
264
255

1900 ________________
1899 ________________
1898 ________________
1897 ________________
1896 ________________

438
428
417
411
411

490
480
468
462
462

435
426
412
408
406

548
543
542
543
544

604
591
558
552
531

620
612
698
703
665

1,011
1,004
1,010
970
954

419
379
316
270
282

247
239
228
224
220

1895 ________________
1894 ________________
1893 ___ ____________
1892 ________________
1891 ________________

415
400
430
445
438

468
448
480
495
487

416
386
420
446
442

546
546
563
563
554

509
508
526
535
529

-----------

----------------------- --- -------------------------

640
670
627
625
587

941
928
923
885
882

307
292
383
393
377

216
214
232
238
236

1890 ________________

438

486

439

560

557

----------- - ----------

687

848

406

233

1904~

----------- ---------------------

---------------------

-----------

----------- --------------------- --------------- ------ --------------------- ---------------------------------------------------

Series D 145-151.-HOURS AND EARNINGS-BITUMINOUS COAL AND CLASS I STEAM


RAILROADS: 1909 TO 1945
BITUMINOUS COAL MINES

YEAR

CLASS I STEAM RAILROADS

BITUMINOUS COAL MINES

Straighttime
Average Average Average Average Average Average
weekly weekly hourly weekly weekly hourly average
earnings hours earnings earnings l hours a earningsS hourly
earnings

YEAR

Straight..
Average Average Average A-rerage Average Average
time
weekly weekly hourly weekly weekly hourly average
earnings hours earnings earnings' hours 2 earningsS hourly
earnings

--------- --- ------ ---

------ --------- -----145


146
147
148
149
150
151
---------------

145

1945 _________
1944- ________
194B- ________
1942 _________
194L ________ .

$52.25
51.27
41.58
35.02
30,86

42.3
43.4
36.6
32.9
31.1

$1.240
1,186
1.139
1.059
0.993

$45.69
46.06
43.68
38.65
34.25

48.5
49.1
48.7
46.9
45.6

$0.942
0,938
0.897
0.824
0.751

$0.899
0,898
0.862
0.804
0.736

1930 ________
1929 ________
1928 ________
1927 4 _______
1926 4_______

$22.21
25.72
24.66
24.33
28.63

1940 _________
1939 _________
1938 _________
1937 _________
1936 __ ______

24.71
23.88
20.80
23.84
22.71

28.1
27.1
23.5
27.9
28.8

0.883
0.886
0.878
0,856
0.794

31, 55
30.99
30.26
29,20
28.01

44.0
43.4
42.5
43.2
42.5

0.717
0.714
0.712
0.676
0.659

0.706
0.714
0.703
0.666
0.648

1925 4_______
1924 4 _______
1923 4_______
1922 4_______
1921 , _______

26.47
23.59
25.60

0,643
0.594
0.587
0.593
0.643

1919 ________
1914 ________
1909 ________

1935 _________
1934- ________
933 _________
932 _________
t93L ________

19.58
18.10
14.47
13,91
17.69

26,4
27.0
29.5
27.2
28.3

0.745
0.673
0.501
0.520
0.647

26,76
24.32
23.09
23.34
26.76.

41, 1
40.4
38.8
38.9
41.1

0.651
0.602
0.595
0.600
0.651

, The average of those on the pay rolls during the month. Computed by multiplying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings.
2 Total man-hours paid for; reduced to a weekly basis (7/365, 7/366, 7/31, 7/30,
7/28, or 7/29), divided by the number of employees on the pay rolls during the
month. For the years before 1933, the full month count was computed by ratio
adjustment of the middle-of-the-month count (a virtually constant ratio after 1932).

68

CLASS I STEAM RAILROADS

--------------25.69
12.24
11.82

146

147

148

$0.684
0.681
0.716
0.751
0.786

$27,76
28.49
27,71
27,43
27,12
26.91
26,37
26.65
26.70
25,87

149

150

151

43.1
44.8
44.4
44.6
44.9

$0.644
0.636
0.624
0.615
0.604

$0.635
0.625
0.613
0.598
0.587

44.4
44.1
45.4
45,4
43.4

0,606
0.598
0,587
0.588
0.596

0.584
0.577
0.565
0.560
0.580

- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - 33.5
38.4
35.6
33.5
37.7

34.2
0.800
30.0
0.813
31.3
0.845
-------- --------------- -------35.5
35.2
37.8

0.759 -------- -------- -------- -------0,359 -------- -------- -------- -----"--0.323 - - --- - -- -------- -------- --------

Total pay rolls divided by total man-hours paid for.


4 Railroads include Class I switching and terminal companies. The Interstate
Commerce Commission published detailed data for the various groups of employees up to 1927 only for Class I railroads including switching and terminal
companies and thereafter only for these roads excluding switching and terminal
companies. The exclusion of these companies makes virtually no difference in the
averages for the industry as a whole.
8

HOURS, WAGES, AND EARNINGS

Data: D 152-171

Series D 152-163.-HOURS AND WAGE RATES-INDEXES OF UNION HOURLY WAGE RATES


AND WEEKLY HOURS, BUILDING AND PRINTING TRADES: 1907 TO 1945
[1939=100J

BUILDING TRADES

All workers

Journeymen

PRINTING TRADES

All printing

Helpers and laborers

YEAR

Newspaper

Book and job

Wage
rate

Weekly
hours

Wage
rate

Weekly
hours

Wage
rate

Weekly
hours

Wage
rate

Weekly
hours

Wage
rate

Weekly
hours

Wage
rate

Weekly
hours

152

153

154

155

156

157

158

159

160

161

162

163

1945 ___ 2. _____________


1944 _________________
1943 _________________
1942 _________________
1941 _________________

116.0
113.6
112.7
111.9
105.3

101.2
101.2
101.0
101.1
100.3

114.4
112.4
111.5
110.9
105.0

102.2
102.2
102.0
101.8
100.5

125.9
120.3
118.9
117.5
106.8

98.1
98.1
98.1
98.8
99.7

114.6
113.1
110.4
107.0
102.6

99.8
99.8
99.8
99.5
99.8

113.7
112.2
109.3
106.4
102.0

100.1
100.1
100.1
99.8
99.8

116.7
115.1
112.6
108.1
103.6

99.2
99.2
99.2
99.2
99.3

1940 _________________
1939 _________________
1938 _________________
1937 _________________
1936 _________________

101.6
100.0
99.3
91.2
85.3

99.9
100.0
100.2
101.9
101.5

101.4
100.0
99.3
91.4
85.5

100.0
100.0
100.1
101.9
101.5

102.0
100.0
99.2
90.1
82.9

99.4
100.0
100.2
101.S
101.4

101.4
100.0
99.1
96.0
92.9

99.8
100.0
100.3
100.S
101.3

100.9
100.0
99.2
96.0
93.0

99.8
100.0
100.3
100.S
101.0

102.2
100.0
98.8
96.3
92.8

99.7
100.0
100.5
101. 0
101.9

1935 _________________
1934 _________________
1933 _________________
1932 ______________.___
1931 _________________

82.3
81.4
80.8
83.1
97.3

101. 5
102.3
106.2
106.5
10S.5

82.8
81.8
81.4
83.6
97.S

101.5
102.3
106.2
106.6
10S.5

78.3
77.9
75.7
79.2
92.8

101.2
101. 9
105.2
105.7
108.1

90.8
87.5
85.7
91.1
91.8

101.7
103.4
109.0
109.9
113.7

90.4
88.5
86.1
91.2
92.1

100.9
102.4
106.1
107.2
111.5

91.5
86.2
85.1
91.0
91.2

103.2
105.0
114.0
114.6
117.6

1930 _________________
1929 ________ ________
1928 _________ - _______
1927 _________________
1926 _________________

97.0
93.1
91.9
91.3
88.3

109.8
113.0
114.0
114.7
114.9

97.5
93.6
92.4
91. 7
88.7

110.0
113.3
114.0
114.8
115.1

93.3
88.8
87.3
86.4
84.9

109.0
111.5
113.8
113.9
113.9

91.3
89.9
88.6
87.0
84.5

113.8
113.9
114.0
114.0
114.1

91.5
89.9
88.7
87.5
85.4

111.5
111.6
111.7
111.7
111.7

90.9
90.0
88.5
86~ 3
83.8

117.6
117.8
118.0
118.3
118.6

1925.: ________________
1924 ____ '.. ____________
1923 _________ - _- _ - - __
1922 _______ _________
1921 _________________

82.9
79.8
73.9
66.9
71.3

115.1
115.1
115.1
115.0
115.0

83.1
80.1
74.2
67.3
71.4

115.3
115.3
115.3
115.2
115.1

77.9
75.4
69.7
65.7
72.2

114.2
114.4
114.4
114.2
114~ 5

82.7
81. 5
77.7
75.4
74.6

114.2
114.2
114.7
115;2
115.6

83.5
82.7
79.4
76.4
76.1

111.9
111.8
111.8
112.5
113.9

82.0
80.6
76.0
75.2
74.5

118.4
118.7
120.4
120.6
118.3

1920 ________ " - _,. __ - __


1919 _________________
1918 _________________
1917 _________________
1916 ________________

70.0
51. 9
45.3
40.8
38.4

115.1
115.7
116.3
116.9
117.2

70.1
52.4
45.9
41.5
39.3

115.2
115.7
116.2
116.9
117.1

71.5
49.3
42.6
36.8
33.5

114.5
115.2
116.3
116.7
117.2

68.1
53.1
43.4
39.9
3S.6

123.1
126.8
126.8
126.8
126.8

69.1
53.0
43.0
38;S
37.5

123.8
128.6
128.7
128.7
12S.7

68.5
56.0
46.4
44.3
43.2

118.6
118.7
118.5
118.5
118.5

1915 ____________ - - ___


1914 _________ -_ - _____
1913 ________ - -- - - ---1912 _______ - - - _______
1911 _________________

37.2
36.9
36.1
35.3
34.5

117.6
117.7
l1S.2
118.4
118.8

38.0
37.7
36.9
36~ 0
35.2

117.6
117.7
118.0
118.3
118.7

32.4
32.1
31.8
30.9
30.6

117.5
117.6
118.3
118.3
118.6

38.2
38.0
37.3
36.6
36.0

126.8
126.8
126.9
127.0
127.0

36.9
36.8
36.0
35.,3
34.7

128.7
128.7
128.7
128.7
128.8

43.0
42.7
42.3
41. 4
40.7

118.6
118.7
119.0
119.1
119.3

1910 _________________
1909 _________ - - ______
1908 _________________
1907 _________________

34.0
32.7
31.2
29.3

119.2
120.7
122.4
124.3

34.6
33.2
31.6
29.7

119.1
120.5
122.0
123.8

30.5
29.5
28.5
27.3

118.8
121.0
123.5
126.1

(1)
(I?
(I
(1)

33.8
32.1
29.9
27.0

128.8
129.2
130.3
136.6

40.1
38.8
37.2
35.3

119.3
119.6
119.9
120.5

(I)
(I)
(I)
(1)

Data not available.

Series D 164-171.-HOURS AND EARNINGS-ALL OCCUPATIONS AND COMMON LABOR IN


BLAST FURNACES, STEEL WORKS, AND ROLLING MILLS: 1913. TO 1931
COMMON LABOR (AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS)

ALL OCCUPATIONS

YEAR

1931 ________________ --- --- - - - --

Average
hourly
earnings
164
$0.663

1929 ________________ - ---- --- --1926 ________________ --- - - - - - --1924 __________________ - - - - - - --1922 __________________ -- - - -- ---

0.674
0.637
0.644
0.513

1920 ____________________ -- ----1919 _____________________ - - - - -1917 ________ - _-- _______ -- - -----

0.745

1915 _____________________ - - ---1914 _______________________ - - -1913 ____________________ - -- - ---

0.297
0.301
0.301

(1)
(1)

All districts

Eastern

Pittsburgh

Great Lakes
and
Middle West

Southern

weekly hours

Average
full-time
weekly earnings

165

166

167

168

169

170

171

Average

full~time

$34.58

$0.419

$0.351

$0.459

$0.441

$0.283

54.6
54.4
55.2
63.2

36.48
34.41
35.22
31.67

0.414
0.419
0.417
0.336

0.375
0.374
0.386
0.322

0.453
0.452
0.451
0.360

0.456
0.458
0.443
0.363

0.279
0.281
0.282
0.253

63.1

45.65
(I)

0.508
0.461
0.298

0.451
0.398
0.278

0.530
0.480
0.301

0.641
0.469
0.313

0.396
0.331
0.222

18.65
18.60
18.89

0.180
0.181
0.181

0.155
0.156
0.157

0.190
0.190
0.190

0.188
0.189
0.189

0.141
0.146
0.140

52.4

(I)
(1)

65.5
64.9
66.1

(1)

Not available.

69

Data: D 172-188

LABOR FORCE, WAGES, AND WORKING CONDITIONS

Series D 172-176.-WAGES-FARM WAGES: 1866 TO 1945


[Annual averages are weighted averages of wage rates as reported ,quarterly by crop reporters]

PER MONTH
YEAR

Index
numbers of
composite
farm wage
rates I

PER DAY

With
board

Without
board

With
board

Without
board

172

173

174

175

With
board

Without
board

With
board

Without
board

Index
numbers of
composite
farm wage
rates 1

172

173

174

175

176

PER MONTH
YEAR

176

PER DAY

1945 __________
1944 __________
1943 __________
1942 __________
194L _________

$82.30
74:00
61.91
46.64
34.85

$95.40
85.70
72.51
55.91
43.64

$3.80
3.46
2.87
2.19
1.69

$4.34
3.93
3.27
2.49
1.93

350
315
264
201
154

1915 __________________
1914 __________________
19UL _________________
1912 __________________
1911 __________________

$22.97
22.62
22.89
22.23
21.49

$30.06
29.74
3'0.21
29.34
28.54

$1.18
1.17
1.20
1.18
1.13

$1.44
1.43
1.46
1.43
1.39

103
101
103
101
98

1940_. _________
19R9 __________
1938 __________
1937 __________
1936 __________

28.05
27.39
27.73
28.00
24.53

36.68
35.82
36.18
36.32
32.28

1.36
1.30
1. 21
1.33
1.15

1.59
1.56
1. 58
1. 61
1.42

126
123
125
126
111

1910 __________________
1909 __________________

21.22
22.21

28.08
28.10

1.12
1.09

1. 39
1.30

97
96

1906 __________________
1902 ______ ___________

18.73
15.51

26.19
22.12

1.03
0.83

1.32
1.09

89
73

1935 __________
1934 __________
1933 __________
1932 ___ . _______
193L _________

22.42
20.24
18.07
20.85
28.77

30.24
28.19
25.67
28.88
38.38

1.07
0.98
0.85
0.94
1.32

1.33
1.26
1.11
1.20
1.62

103
9.5
. 85
96
130

1899 __________________
1898 __________________

13.90
13.29

19.97
19.16

0.75
0.71

0.99
0.94

66
63

1895 __________________
1894 __________________
1893 __________________

1930 __________
1929 __________
1928 __________
1927 __________
1926 __________

12.75
12.70
13.85

18.74
18.51
19.97

0.65
0.65
0.72

0.85
0.84
0.92

59
59
64

37.59
40 .. 61
40.11
40.11
39.87

48.10
51.22
50.72
50.85
50.83

1. 76
1.96
1. 98
1.98
1.98

2.08
2.25
2.27
2.28
2.31

167
180
179
179
179

1891
1889
1887
1884
1881

or 1892 ___________
or 1890 ___________
or 1888 ___________
or 1885 ___________
or 1882 ___________

1925 __________
1924 __________
1923 __________
1922~ _________
192L _________

13.48
13.29
13.29
13.08
12.88

20.02
19.45
19.67
19.22
19.11

0.73
0.72
0.72
0.71
0.70

0.98
0.97
0.98
0.96
0.tj7

65
64
64
63
63

38.77
37.92
37.24
32.75
33.62

49.90
49.32
48.25
43.33
44.67

1.97
1.94
1.89
1.73
1.77

2.29
2.29
2.25
2.07
2.12

176
173
169
151
155

1880 or 188L __________


1879 or 1880 ___________
1877,1878,1879 28 _____
1874 or 1875 3 __________

12.32
11. 70
10.86
11.16

18.52
17.53
16.79
17.10

0.67
0.64
0.61
0.68

0.92
0.89
0.84
0.94

60
57
54
57

1920 __________
1919 __________
1918 __________
1917 __________
1916 __________

51.73
43.29
37.96
31.11
25.17

65.40
56.63
48.80
40.52
32.84

2.98
2.54
2.15
1.65
1.31

3.46
3.03
2.54
1.98
1. 58

242
207
177
141
113

1869
186.6

9.97
10.09

15.50
15.50

0.63
0.64

0.87
0.90

52
53

3 _________________
3 _________________

11910-1914=100.
1877 or 1878, 1878 or 1879 (combined).

Years 1866 to 1878 in gold.

Series D 177-188.-HOURS AND EARNINGS-SELECTED TEXTILE INDUSTRIES AND BOOT


AND SHOE INDUSTRY: 1910 TO 1932
WOOLEN AND WORSTED
GOODS MANUFACTURING

COTTON GOODS INDUSTRY

YEAR

1932
1930

1 _______________
1 ________________

1930 _________________
1928 _________________
1926 _________________
1924 _________________
1922 _________________

BOOT AND SHOE


INDUSTRY

HOSIERY AND UNDERWEAR


INDUSTRIES

Average
hourly
earnings

Average
full-time
weekly
hours

Average
full-time
weekly
earnings

Average
hourly
earnings

Average
full-time
weekly
hours

Average
fUll-time
weekly
earnings

Average
hourly
earnings

Average
full-time
weekly
hours

Average
full-time
weekly
earnings

Average
hourly
earnings

Average
full-time
weekly
hours

Average
full-time
weekly
earnings

177

178

179

180

181

182

183

184

185

186

187

188

---------- ---------- ----------

---------- ---------- ---------$0.325


0.324
0.328
0.372
0.330

53.4
53.4
53;3
53.0
52.8

$17.36
17.30
17.48
19.72
17.42

$0.394
0.460

50.3
49.6

$19.82
22.82

0.473
0.514
0.491
0.533
0.474

49.3
49.3
49.3
49.1
48.8

23.32
25.34
24.21
26.17
23.13

$0.355

51. 6

0.455
0.444
0.443
0.409
0.354

51. 7
51. 3
51.3
50.7
51. 0

$18.32

$0.412

48.9

$20.15

---------- ---------- ---- ------ ---------- ---------- ---------23.52


22.78
22.73
20.74
18.05

0.510
0.530
0.528
0.516
0.501

48.9
49.1
49.0
49.0
48.7'

24.94
26.02
25.87
25.28
24.45

1920_________________
0.480
51.8
24.86
0.628
48.3
30.33 __________ __________ __________
0.559
48.6
26.97
19192 ____________________________________________ __________ __________ __________
0.315
52.1
16.44 _____________________________ _
1918 ___ .. _____________
0.267
56.0
14.95
0.342
54.3
18.57 __________ __________ __________
0.336
52.3
17.54
1916_________________
0.179
56.9
10.08
0_225
54.8
12.34 __________ __________ __________
0.259
54.6
14.11
~

1914_________________
0.153
56.8
8.63
0.182
55.0
10.03
1913 2_______________ ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------1912 1 _______________ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1911 2 _______________ ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------1910 ~ ___________________________________ ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

0.172
0.172
0.153
0.144
0.141

54.8
55.3
56.4
57.4
57.6

9.44
9.51
8.62
8.28
8.10

0.243

54.7

13.26

1 Woolen and worsted goods manufacturing includes Southern mills. Data for previous years exclude Southern mills; their relative importance in the industry was
small, especially in the earlier part of the period.
2 Fer hosiery and underwear industries in the years 1910-1913 and 1919, "selected occupations" only were included; in 1914, the averages for the "selected occupations" did not differ significantly from the averages for "aU occupations."

70

HOURS, WAGES, AND EARNINGS

Data: D 189-217

Series D 189-200.-HOURS AND EARNINGS-WOOLEN AND WORSTED GOODS MANUFACTURES, FRAME SPINNERS AND WEAVERS, BY SEX: 1910 TO 1932
FRAME SPINNERS

Male
YEAR

Average
hourly
earnings

Average
full-time
weekly
hours

Average
full-time
weekly
earnings

189

190

191

1932 1 ________________
19301 ________________

$0.327
0.365

1930 _________________
1928 _________________
1926 _________________
1924 _________________
1922 _________________

0.403
(2)
0.421
0.357

1920 ______ ~ __________


1918 _________________
1916 _________________
1914 _________________
1913 _________________
1912 _________________
191L ________________
1910 _________________

WEAVERS

Female

Male

Female
Average
hourly
earnings

Average
full-time
weekly
hours

Average
full-time
weekly
earnings

192

193

194

Average
hourly
earnings

Average
full-time
weekly
hours

Average
full-time
weekly
earnings

195

196

197

Average
hourly
earnings

Average
full-time
weukly
hours

Average
full-time
weekly
earnings

198

199

200

52.8
48.5

$17.27
17.70

$0.340
0.380

49.4
49.4

$16.80
18.77

$0.497
0.611

51.4
49.8

$25.55
30.43

$0.440
0.544

52.4
49.6

$23.06
26.98

48.0

19.34

50.0
48.0

21. 05
17.14

0.387
0.383
0.362
0.417
0.345

49.1
49.7
49.8
48.9
48.4

19.00
19.04
18.03
20.39
16.70

0.636
0.658
0.652
0.701
0.616

49.3
48.9
48.9
48.8
48.3

31.35
32.18
31.88
34.21
29.75

0.579
0.605
0.600
0.654
0.576

49.2
48.8
49.2
48.9
48.4

28.49
29.52
29.52
31. 98
27.85

0.558
0.316
0.191

48.0
53.0
53.9

26.78
16.74
10.30

0.481
0.278
0.180

AO

52.4
53.9

23.18
14.62
9.68

0.807
0.470
0.304

48.3
54.5
54.9

38.98
25.52
15.95

0.747
0.406
0.271

48.3
54.1
54.5

36.08
21.96
14.76

0.145
0.136
0.158
0.132
0.125

53.9
54.0
54.0
56.0
56.0

7.80
7.33
8.53
7.37
7.01

0.147
0.140
0.144
0.126
0.122

54.2 '
55.5
55.2
56.4
56.0

7.99
7.78
7.92
7.07
6.85

0.238
0.232
0.237
0.210
0.207

55.2
56.3
56.3
57.1
57.1

13.10
13.06
13.30
11.97
11. 79

0.203
0.197
0.206
0.184
0.180

54.7
56.0
55.9
56.8
56.3

11.08
11.03
11.48
10.47
10.14

(2)
(2)

(2)

(2)
(2)

..,

'O.~

1 Includes Southern mills. Data for the previous years exclude Southern mills;
their relative importance in the industry was small especially in the earlier part of
the period.

Not available.

Series D 201-212.-HOURS AND EARNINGS-COTTON GOODS INDUSTRY, FRAME SPINNERS


AND WEAVERS, BY SEX: 1910 TO 1930
FRAME SPINNERS

WEAVERS

Male
YEAR

Male

Female

Average
hourly
earnings

Average
full-time
weekly
hours

Average
full-time
weekly
earnings

201

202

203

Female

Average
hourly
earnings

Average
full-time
weekly
hours

Average
full-time
weekly
earnings

Average
hourly
earnings

Average
full-time
weekly
hours

Average
full-time
weekly
earnings

Average
hourly
earnings

Average
full-time
weekly
hours

Average
full-time
weekly
earnings

204

205

29 6

207

208

209

210

211

212

1930 ___________ _____


1928 _________________
1926 ________ ________
1924 ________________
1922 _________________

$0.322
0.339
. 0.289
0.369
0.292

55.5
57.8
55.1
53.2
53.4

$17.87
19 ..59
15.92
19.63
15.59

$0.266
0.276
0.282
0.319
0.301

53.5
52.9
53.5
53.1
52.6

$14.23
14.60
15.09
16.94
15.83

$0.400
0.392
0.396
0.449
0.389

52.7
53.4
53.2
52.8
52.6

$21.08
20.93
21.07
23.71
20.44

$0.381
0.371
0.375
0.429
0.380

52.0
52.2
51.9
51.8
51.6

$19.81
19.37
19.46
22.22
19.59

1920 __ ______________
1918 _________________
1916 ___ c _____________

0.475
0.248
0.164

50.7
54.3
5.6.6

24.08
13.48
9.21

0.427
0.233
0.149

51.8
56.1
57.2

22.12
12.89
8.24

0.573
0.301
0.205

51.8
56.2
56.7

29.68
16.78
11.54

0.528
0.285
0.201

50.3
55.4
55.7

26.56
15.62
11.12

1914 _________________
1913 _________________
1912 _________________
1911 _______________
1910 _________________

0.150
0.143
0.144
0.126
0.120

54.7
56.9
56.7
57.2
57.2

8.19
8.07
8.14
7.18
6.83

0.132
0.128
0.124
0.111
0.108

56.9
57.8
58.0
59.1
59.0

7.45
7.33
6.98
6.51
6.33

0.176
0.170
0.169
0.156
0.151

56.8
57.6
57.5
58.6
58.8

9.93
9.73
9.67
9.08
8.83

0.167
0.164
0.163
0.148
0.147

55.8
56. 'I:
56.9
57.9
57.8

9.30
9.80
9.26
8.54
8.47

~_

Series D

213~217.-PRODUCTIVITY-INDEXES

FOR SELECTED INDUSTRIES: 1880 TO 1945

[1939=100]

OUTPUT PER MAN-HOUR

Output per
worker in
agriculture

OUTPUT PER MAN-HOUR

All
manufacturing

Railroad
transportation

Mining

Electric
light and
power

213

214

215

216

Output per
worker in

All
manufacturing

Railroad
transportation

Mining

Electric
light and
power

213

214

215

216

217

1945 _________________________ _
1944 _________________________ _
1943 _________________________ _
1942 _________________________ _
1941 _________________________ _

139.5
148.1
150.9
139.6
115.5

104.1
102.3
100.1
103.0
104.3

182.5
191.1
182.7
145.8
123.2

120.7
123.6
116.8
118.9
107.5

1935 _______________ _
1934- ______________ _
1933 _______________ _
1932 _______________ _
193L ______________ _

90.8
85.9
81.9
77.8
83.5

87.6
83.7
83.0
73.7
75.6

84.9
81. 4
78.8
77.6
77.2

82.5
77.4
68.1
58.3
51.9

87.5
76.6
89.2
93.4
99.0

1940 _________________________ _
1939________________
100.0
1938________________
91.6
1937 ________________ .
90.0
1936________________
91.0

105.2
100.0
94.7
95.2
93.5

103.8
100.0
90.1
88.0
86.6

108.6
100.0
89.0
89.6
87.8

103.5
100.0
97.8
105.3
81.6

1930 _______________ _
1929 _______________ _
1928 _______________ _
1927 _______________ _
1926 _______________ _

80.0
78.1
75.1
71.3
69.5

75.1
75.1
73.7
70.2
70.4

72.9
69.9
68.0
65.3
63.4

50.1
54.1

89.8
91.6
91.8
88.3
91. 5

YEAR

YEAR

agri-

culture
217

-----52~7-

53.1

71

Data: D'21:J-;.223

LABOR FORCE, WAGES, AND WORKING CONDITIONS

Series D 213-217.-PRODUCTIVITY-INDEXES FOR SELECTED INDUSTRIES: 1880 TO 1945-Con.


[1939=1001

OUTPUT PER MAN-HOUR

YEAR

All
manufacturing

'Railroad
transportation

Mining

Electric
light and
power

213

214

215

216

1925 ________________
1924 ________________
1923 ________________
1922 ________________
1921 ________________

67.6
63.4
59.5
60.5
55.2

62.6
60.7
59.0
57.5
54.2

68.2
64.6
62.9
60.9
58.5

1920 ________________
48.0
1919 ________________
45.3
1918 ________________ ---------1917 ________________
1916 ________________ -------------------

OUTPUT PER MAN-HOUR


YEAR

217

50.4
49.1
51.0
46.0
.... _--------

51.8 ---------49.6 ---------49.4 ---------43.1


48.5
48.1 ----------

57.6
56.7
53.5
54.2
51. 6

Output per
worker in
agriculture

All
manufacturing

Railroad
transportation

Mining

Electric
light and
power

213

214

215

216

88.6
83.8
81.8
79.7
73.7

1915________________ __________ __________


48.6 _________ _
1914________________
45.5 _____________________________ _
1913 _________________________ '_________________ '_____________ _
1912 _______________________________________________________ _
1911 _______ _______________________________________________ _

86.5
81.2
81.3
78.2
73.4

1910 _______ :________ __________ __________ __________ __________


1909 ___ __ __ __ ____ __ _
39.4 __ ___ __ __ _ ________ __ _ __ _ ___ __ _

Output per
worker in
agriculture
217
77.0
79.4
72.4
77.4
73.2
70.1
66.4

1902 ____________________________________ '


1890 ___________________________________ _
1880 ___________________________________ _

33.4
25.6
19.8

Series D 218-223.-UNION MEMBERSHIP-LABOR UNION MEMBERSHIP: 1897 TO 1945

YEAR

All unions,
total
membership

Independent
or unaffiliated
unions,
total
Total
membership
membership

CONGRESS OF INDUSTRIAL
ORGANIZATIONS

AMERICAN FEDERATION
OF LABOR

Number
of affiliated
unions

Total
membership

Number
of affiliated
unions

218

219

220

221

1,000 members

Number

1,000 members

Number

222

YEAR

223

1,000 members 1,000 members

All unions,
total
membership

Independent
or unaffiliated
unions,
total
Total
membership membership

AMERICAN FEDERA.TION
OF LABOR

Number
of affiliated
unions

220

218

219

1,000 members

Number

223

1,000 member8 1,000 member8

1945 _______
1944 ______ "
1943 __ ____
1942 _______
194L ______

14,796
14,621
13,642
10,762
10,489

102
100
99
102
106

6,931
6,807
6,564
5,483
4,569

6,000
5,935
5,285
4,195
5,000

1,865
1,879
1,793
1,084
920

1920 _____
1919 _____
1918 _____
1917 _____
1916 _____

5,034
4,046
3,368
2,976
2,722

110
111
111
111
111

4,079
3,260
2,726
2,371
2,073

955
786
642
605
649

1940 _______
1939 _______
1938 _______
1937 _______
1936 _______

8,944
8,980
8,265
7,218
4,164

105
104
102
100
111

4,247
42
3,625
4,000
4,006
45
42
3,623
4,038
32
2,861
14:',718
3,422 ------------ ------------

1,072
974
604
639
742

1915 _____
1914 _____
1913 _____
1912 _____
191L ____

2,560
2,647
2,661
2,405
2,318

110
110
111
112
115

1,946
2,021 '
1,996
1,770
1,762

614
626
665
635
556

1935 __ :.. ____


1934 _______
1933 _______
1932 _______
193L ______

3,728
3,249
2,857
3,226
3,526

109
109
108
106
105

3,045 ------------ -----------2,608 ------------ -----------2,127 ------------ -----------2,532


-----------2,890
------------

683
641
730
694.
636

1910 _____
1909 _____
1908 _____
190L ____
1906 _____

2,116
1,965
2,092
2,077
1,892

120
119
116
117
119

1,562
1,483
1,587
1,539
1,454

554
482
505
538
438

1930 _______
1929 _______
1928 _______
1927 ____ __
1926 _______

3,632
3,625
3,567
3,600
3,592

104
105
107
106
107

2,961
2,934
2,896
2,813
2,804

-----------------------------_ .... _------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------

671
691
671
787
788

1905 _____
1904 _____
1903 _____
1902 ___ ~_
190L ____

1,918
2,067
1,824
1,335
1,058

118
120
113
97
87

1,494
1,676
1,466
1,024
788

424
391
358
311
270

1925 _______
1924 _______
1923 ____ __
1922 __ ,- ____
192L ______

3,566
3,549
3,629
3,950
4,722

107
107
108
112
110

2,877
2,866
2,926
3,196
3,907

------------------------------------------.---

---------------------------------------------

689
683
703
754
815

1900 _____
1899 _____
1898 _____
1897 ____ ~

791
550
467
440

82
73
67
58

548
349
278
265

243
201
189
175

72

40
41
40
39
41

=======C===

------------ ------------

UNION MEMBERSHIP AND WORK STOPPAGES

Data: D 224-238

Series D 224-238.-WORK STOPPAGES-WORKERS INVOLVED, MAN-DAYS IDLE, MAJOR


ISSUES, AVERAGE DURATION: 1881 TO 1945
[Figures in series D 236-238 do not always add to series D 235 because of rounding]
WORK STOPPAGES AND MAN-DAYS IDLE

Stoppages beginning in year

MAJOR ISSUES AND AVERAGE DURATION

Number Qfstoppages

Man-days idle

Percent
Percent
umber of estiPer
(thouNumber Number of emmated
worker
(thouployed sands) working involved
sands)
time 2
wage
earners I"

ii

YEAR

Thousands of workers involved

Major issues

Workers involved
Wages
and
hours

Total

Average
duration of
Union
stopOther
organi- and not
pages
zation reported (days)

--------------- --- --- --------224

225

226

227

---------

228

229

230

231

232

233

------------

Major issues
Total

Wages
and
hours

234

235

236

Union
organization 4

Other
and not
reported

237

238

1945 ___________
194L __________
1943 ___________
1942 ___________
1941. __________

4,750
4,956
3,752
2,968
4,288

3,470
2,120
1,980
840
2,360

12.2
7.0
6.9
2.8
8.4

38,000
8,720
13,EOO
4,180
23,000

0.47
0.09
0.15
0.05
0.32

11. 0
4.1
6.8
5.0
9.8

4,616
4,958
3,734
3,026
4,314

1,956
2,146
1,906
1,423
1,535

946
808
585
943
2,138

1,714
2,004
1,243
670
641

9.9
5.6
5.0
11.7
18 .. 3

3,070
2,130
1,970
852
2,360

1,340
810
1,220
429
1,110

671
395
226
191
744

1,060
922
523
232
512

1940 ___________
1939 ___________
1938 ___________
1937 ___ '? _______
1936 ___________

2,508
2,613
2,712
4,740
2,172

577
1,170
688
1,860
789

2.3
4.7
2.8
7.2
3.1

6,700
17,800
9,150
28,400
13,900

0.10
0.28
0.15
0.43
0.21

11.6
15.2
13.3
15.3
17.6

2,493
2,639
2,772
4,720
2,156

753
699
776
1,410
756

1,243
1,411
1,385
2,728
1,083

497
529
611
582
317

20.9
23.4
23.6
20.3
23.3

573
1,180
688
1,950
710

235
352
252
436
251

190
641
224
1,160
365

148
185
211
347
94

1935 ___________
1934 ___________
1933 ___________
1932 ___________
1931. __________

2,014
1,856
1,695
841
810

1,120
1,470
1,170
324
342

5.2
7.2
6.3
1.8
1.6

15,500
19,600
16,900
10,500
6,890

0.29
0.38
0.36
0.23
0.11

13.8
13.4
14.4
32.4
20.2

2,003
1,817
1,672
852
796

760
717
926
560
447

945
835
533
162
221

298
265
213
130
.128

23.8
19.5
16.9
19.6
18.8

1,102
1,480
1,144
325
346

663
346
544
23;J,
155

288
762
465
73
116

151
372
135
18
74

1930 _________ .__


1929 ___________
1928 ___________
1927 ___________
1926 ___________

637
921
604
707
1,035

183
289
314
330
5330

3,320
0.05
0.8
18.1
1.2
0.07
18.5
5,350
0.17
1.3 12,600
40.2
1.4 26,200
0.37
79.5
1.5 -------- -------- --------

651
924
620
666
1,035

284
373
222
273
478

207
382
226
240
206

22.3
160
169
22.6
27.6
172
153
26 ..5
351 --------

182
286
323
319

73
104
140
232

1925 ___________
1924 ___________
1923 ____ ______
1922 ___________
192L ___
____

1,301
1,249
1,553
1,112
2,385

5428
5655
5757
51,610
51,100

2.0 -------- ----'---- -------3.1 -------- -------- -------3.5 -------- -------- -------8.7 -------- -- ... ----- -------6.4 -------- -------- --------

1,301
1,249
1,553
1,112
2,385

537
537
721
583
1,501

219
244
308
208
373

545
468
524
321
511

1920 ___________
1919 ___________
1918 ___________
1917 ________ - __
1916 ________----

3,411
3,630
3,353
4,450
3,789

51,460
54,160
51,240
51,230
51,600

7.2 -------- -------- -------20.8 -------- -------- -------6.2 -------- -------- -------6.3 -------- -------- -------8.4 -------- -------- --------

3,411
3,630
3,353
4,450
3,789

2,038
2,036
1,869
2,268
2,036

622
869
584
799
721

~_~

1915 ___________
191L ________

770
1,593 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- 1,593
403
1,204
1,204 - - -'- - - -- -------- -------- -------1906-13 ___ ______________ _____ _______________________________________________
_~

1905 ___________
190L __________
1903 ___________
1902 ___________
1901. __________

2,186
2,419
3,648
3,240
3,012

302
574
788
692
564

2.1
4.3
5.9
5.4
4.6

1900~ __________
1899 ___________
lS98 ___________
1897 ___________
1896 ___________

1,839
1,838
1,098
1,110
1,066

568
432
263
416
249

4.9
3.9
2.6
4.3
2.8

1895 ___________
1894 ___________
1893 ___________
1892 ___________
1891. __________

1,255
1,404
1,375
1,359
1,786

407
690
288
239
330

4.4
8.3
3.2 -------- - ------2.5 -------- - ------- -------3.6 -------- - ------- - -------

1890 ___________
1889 ___________
1888 ___________
1887 ___________
1886 ___________

1,897
1,111
946
1,503
1,572

373
4.2 -------260 -------- - ------163 -------- - ------439 -------- - ------610 -------- - -------

1885 ___________
188L __________
1883 _________
1882 ___________
1881. __________

695
485
506
476
477

258 -------- - ------165 -------- - ------170 -------- - ------159 -------- - ------130 -------- --------

~_

---------------------- -------- --------------- -------- --------------- -------- --------------- -------- --------------- -------- --------------- -------- --------------- -------- --------------- -------- --------------- -------- - -------------- --------------- --------

-- -- - -.-- -------- --------

- ------- --------

- ------- - -------

- ------- - -------

- ------- - ------- -------

- -------

- ------- - ------- ------- - ------- ------- - -------

- ------- - -------

- ------- - -------

---------

33
80
88
43

------,--

-------- --------- --------- ------{--- --------- --------- --------- --------- - -------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------------- --------- --------- --------- - -

751 -------- --------- --------725 -------- --------- --------900 -------- --------- --------1,383 -------- --------- --------1,032 -------- --------- ---------

--------- ---------- ----------------- ---------

--------- ---------312
511 -------- --------- --------- ---"------ _ . _-----253
548 -------- --------- --------- - - - - -'- --- ----------0--- ________________________ "____________________________ _
-------'--

2,186
2,419
3,648
3,240
3,012

942
944
1,778
1,604
1,413

800
964
1,200
1,051
1,016

444
511
670
585
583

R02
b74
788
692
564

191
272
396
279
288

57
210
235
279
161

54
92
156
134
115

1,839
1,838
1,098
1,110
1,066

991
1,014
645
680
547

414
471
236
193
297

494
353
217
237
222

568
432
263
416
249

210
288
184
335
160

282
66
30
36
53

76
79
49
45
36

1,255
1,404
1,375
1,359
1,786

810
865
783
693
867

217
206
257
261
334

228
333
335
405
585

407
690
288
239
330

305
469
162
122
221

51
25
59
59
55

51
196
66
57
54

1,897
1,111
946
1,503
1,572

1,039
662
540
836
1,073

318
173
163
299
210

540
276
243
368
289

373
260
163
439
610

276
207
100
249
445

32
29
23
.91
79

66
24
41
99
87

695
485
506
476
477

486
341
372
353
382

67
50
55
38
32

142
94
79
85
63

258
165
170
159
130

214
145
131
133
118

14
4
28
12
5

30
16
12
14
7

1 "Employed wage earners" includes all workers except those in occupations and
professions in which strikes rarely if ever occur.
'Estimated working time computed by multiplying the average number of
"employed wage earners" each year by the days worked by most employees during
the year.
I Figures are based on stoppages beginning each year prior to 1927; for 1927 and
subsequent years, stoppages ending in each calendar year.

74.8706-49-6

---------

76
102
95
45
---------

Wages and hours were important issues in many of these stoppages also.
The number of workers involved in some strikes which occurred from 1916 to
1926 is not known. However, the missing information is for the smaller disputes,
and it is believed that the totals given above are fairly accurate. Numbers ot-atoppages to which workers' data relate are as follows: 1916,2,667; 1917,2,325; 1918,
2,151; 1919, 2,665; 1920, 2,226; 1921, 1,785; 1922, 899; 1923, 1,199; 1924, 898;
1925, 1,012; 1926, 783.
4

73

Chapter E. Agriculture (Series E 1-269)


General Statistics: Series E 1-116

value of farms listed for assessment purposes. Information on


farm land values in scattered local areas is referred to by Bidweil,
E 1-269. General note. In this chapter, series E 1-60 relate to
P.W., and Falconer,J. 1., History of Agriculture in the Northern
farm real estate, farms and tenure; series E 61-71 provide data on
United States, 1620 to 186d', pp. 70-71, 242 and 328. Similar infarm employment, wages, and productivity; series E 72-75 present
formation for Southern States is found in Gray, L. C., History of
a few production measures; series E 76--104 are concerned with
Agriculture in the Southern United States to 1860, vol. I, pp. 403farm taxes, insurance and income; series E 105-116 constitute data
406, and vol. II, pp. 640-645.
on farm machinery and equipment, and fertilizer consumption;
Definitions.-Instructions accompanying the 1945 Census
series E 117-180 show statistics on livestock, meat, dairying, and
poultry; series E 181-243 relate to crop statistics; and series E 244- schedule gave the following definition for farms to b~ enumerated:
A farm, for census purposes, is all the land on which some
269 pr@vide summary series on farm credit.
agricultural operations are performed by one person, either
Basic statistics on agriculture are, for the most part, prepared by
by his own labor alone or with the assistance of me~bers of
the Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce, which conhis household, or hired employees. The land operated by a
ducts the Census of Agriculture, and by the Department of Agripartnership is likewise considered a farm. A "farm" may consist
of a single tract of land, or a number of separate tracts, and
culture which prepares current estimates.
the several tracts of land may beheld under different tenures
Annual agricultural statistics of a wide variety have been issued
as when one tract is owned by the farmer and another tract
currently by the United States Department of Agriculture for over
is rented by him. When a landowner has one or more tenants,
80 years-the first being as of May 1, 1863. Statistics compiled by
renters, croppers, or managers, the land operated by each is
considered a farm. Thus, on a plantation the land operated
the Bureau of Agricultural Economics on crops, livestock and liveby each cropper, renter, or tenant should be reported as a
stock products, agricultural prices, farm employment, and other
separate farm, and the land operated by the owner or manrekated subjects are based mainly on data obtained through mail
ager by means of wage hands should likewise be reported as
questionnaires. The basic information is obtained from nearly
a separate farm. * * * Do not report as a farm any tract of
land of . less than 3 acres, unless its agricultural products in
three-quarters of a million reporters, located in every agricultural
1944 were valued at $250 or more. * * * (See 1945 Census of
county in the United States, who report on one or more items
Agriculture Reports, vol. II, p. 871ff.)
during a year. These reporters, mostly farmers, report for their
The 1945 Census of Agriculture Report (vol. II, pp. 4-5) carried
own and nearby farms on some 80 crops and scores of other items
the following statement of explanation regarding the census data
pertaining to agricultural production and farm-family living.
Beginning with 1840 a Census of Agriculture has been taken on number of farms:
The definition of a farm used in the 1945 Census of Agrievery 10 years in conjunction with the Decennial Census of Popuculture was essentially the same as that used in the 1940, 1935,
lation. In 1925, 1935, and 1945 a mid-deceimial Census of Agri1930, and 1925 censuses. That used for the 1920 and 1910
culture has also been taken. Information at each census has been
censuses was similarly worded but was somewhat more inobtained by a personal canvass of individual farms by census
clusive. In those years farms of less than 3 acres with less than
$250 worth of products were to be included, provided they
enumerators. The first Census of Agriculture, that of 1840, was
required the continuous services of at least one person.
limited in scope. It included such items as an inventory of the
In the definition for 1900, there was no acreag~ limit.
principal classes of domestic animals, the production of wool, the
Market, truck, and fruit gardens, orchards, nurseries, cranvalue of poultry, the value of products of the dairy, and the proberry marshes, green houses, and city dairies were to be included, provided the entire time of at least one individual was
duction of the principal crops. The number of farms and the
devoted to their care. For 1890, 1880, and 1870, no tract of
acreage and value of farm land were first included in the Census
less than 3 acres was to be reported as a farm unless $500
of 1850. In 1880 information was first secured as to the tenure
worth of produce was actually sold from it during the year.
under which the farms were operated. A detailed classification of
For 1860, no definition was given the enumerators. In the
Census of 1850, there was no acreage qualification given in the
farm land according to use was first obtained in 1925; in earlier
definition, but there was a lower limit of $100 for value of
censuses, farm land was classified only as improved land, woodland,
produce.
and other unimproved land. For brief discussions of the comparaThe
value of farm real estate and other specified items of farm
bility of various agricultural data, census to census, see United
property obtained by the census was the current market value.
States Bureau of the Census, 1945, Census of Agriculture Reports,
Data for the census years are published in Bureau of Census revol. II.
For each decade from 1840 through 1900, the Census of Agricul- ports, and are obtained from complete census enumerations. The
ture was taken as of June 1. The four decennial censuses since then number of farms between census years is estimated by the. Bureau
have been taken as of April 15, 1910; January 1, 1920; April 1, of Agricultural Economics on the basis of estimates of changes in
1930; and April 1, 1940. The 1925, 1935, and 1945 quinquennial farm population. The value of farm land and buildings between
census years is estimated on basis of changes in the Bureau of
Censuses of Agriculture were taken as of January 1.
Agricultural Economics index of land values per acre and adjusted
FARM REAL ESTATE, FARMS, AND TENURE (E 1~60)
for changes of acreage of land in farms.
E 5. Index of estimated value of farms per acre, 1912-1945.
E 1-4. Number and value of farms, decennial 1850-1900; annual
1910--1945. SOURCE: For1850-1900, data from Bureau of the Census Base: 1912-14= 100. SOURCE: Department of Agriculture, The Farm
Real Estate Situation, circular No.7 54, and earlier circulars bearing
reports; for 1910-1945, see Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Net
Farm Income and Parity Report: 1943, July 1944 (processed); and the same title.
These index numbers cover farm land, together with buildings
The Farm Income Situation, June-July 1947 (processed).
The first Census of Agriculture was taken in 1840, but the Cen- and other permanent improvements. Estimates of average value per
sus of 1850 was the first in which data on the number, acreage, acre of farm real estate, within relatively small communities, are
and value of farms was secured. Prior to 1850, early tax records made by crop reporters of the United States Department of Agriculture on March 1 of each year. They are not averages of market
are available in some counties giving the number, acreage, and
74

GENERAL STATISTICS

Text: E 5-60

L-__________________________~----------------------------------------------------------------------~~~~~

transactions or sales prices, although it is thought that such trans- mined on the basis of answers to the question: "At the time he
actions as do occur tend to influence the reporters in formulating bought was the buyer (1) an active farmer, or (2) a retired farmer,
their estimate for the community.
or (3) mainly in some other occupation?"
About 20,000 estimates of average value per acre are obtained
The percentage distributions are based on simple totals of all
from the crop reporters. In addition, approximately 9,000 reports reports received. The distributions indicated for the United States
from a special list of reporters (farm real estate dealers, country as a whole have checked closely with those obtained in selected
bankers, and appraisers) are used as a check. Data from both county surveys during recent years. The data published. in The
sources are summarized for crop reporting district averages and Farm Real Estate Situation also give comparable classifications by
are combined into State, regional, and national weighted averages. geographic divisions.
The weights used are fixed on the basis of area of land in farms
E 17-18. Transfers per 1,000 farms, 1912-1924. SOURCE: See
according to the 1925 Census of Agriculture. Index numbers of the text of series E 6-11.
State, geographic division, and United States estimates are then
E 19-60. General note. Farm tenure, census years, 1880-1945.
computed, using as a base 1912-1914=100.
SOURCE:
For 1880-1940, see Bureau of the Census, Sixteenth Census
E 6-11. Estimated number of farms changing ownership per
1,001) farms, 1926-1945. SOURCE: Department of Agriculture, of the United States, Agriculture, vol. III. Data for 1945 are from
Bureau of the Census records.
annual circular, The Farm Real Estate Situation.
Before the Census ef 1880 no general study of operator status
Basic data for these estimates are supplied by crop reporters.
had
been conducted in this country, although it had been the
Farms are defined broadly as properties used primarily for farming and exclude ranches, plantations, and orchards. The reporters national policy from the first to be liberal with the public lands in
are instructed that if ownership of a filrm has changed more than the encouragement of owner operatorship of farms. Studies in the
once in the last 12 months, then each transfer should be counted history of agriculture prior to 1860 contain chapters on land tenseparately. Voluntary sales and trades (series E 7) indicates bona ure but these, necessarily, are based upon fragments of informfide sales, straight sales, etc. j contracts to purchase are included, ation on the tenure situation. See Bidwell, P. W., and Falconer,
but not options. Forced sales' (series E 8-10) are divided between J. I., History of Agriculture in the Northern United States, 1620those resulting from difficulties in meeting payments on indebted- 1860, and Gray, L. C., History of Agriculture in the Southern
United States to 1860.
ness and those resulting from delinquency in payment of taxes.
The 1900 Census of Agriculture reported the results of a stlldy
Foreclosures of mortgages, bankruptcies, etc., (series E 9) includes
loss of title by default of contract, sales to avoid foreclosure, and of the ownership of rented farms in the United States. This report
surrender of title or other transfers to avoid foreclosure. Other had particular reference to the questions of absentee ownership'
transfers (series E 11) includes transfers of title as a result of in- and the concentration of ownership of rented farms. On a sample
heritance and gift, administrator and executor sales in settlement basis, the Bureau of Agricultural Economics of the Department of
@f estates, and a small group of miscellaneous and unclassified sales. Agriculture has made subsequent studies of the ownership of
The data refer to the number of transfers that occurred during rented farms as of 1920 and 1945. The results of the 1920 study
the 12 months ended March 15. The reports are summarized by were published in 1926 as Department of Agriculture Bulletins
crop reporting districts and are combined to yield State ratios, 1432 and 1433, and the results of the 1945 study are now being
using the number of farms reported in the 1925 Census as a basis tabulated.
The findings of a census of plantations for 1910 were published
for the weights, except in the Southern States where the weights
are based on the number of farms minus the number of croppers. in 1916 by the Bureau of the Census under the title Plantations in
A processed release by the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, the South. This report covered 325 selected counties in 11 Southern
"Transfers of Farm Real Estate," August 1939, gave data on States. In the selected plantation area, 39,073 plantations were
transfers for 485 selected counties, for 1935 or earlier years. In a reported as using 5 or more tenants. In connection with the 1940
number of counties, data on recorded transfers are shown in that census, the Bureau made another study of plantations but has not
published" the results. The findings, in connection with the 1945
report for'a period of years extending back to 1900.
The county record data on transfers have been used asa basis for Census of Agriculture inquiries into the so-called multiple farm
extending back to 1912 the regular series of estimates of frequency units, were published in 1947 by the Bureau of the Census under
of voluntary sales, and foreclosures and assignments, for the United the title Multiple Unit Operations. The Bureau of Agricultural
States as a whole (see seriesE 17-18). The county record data for Economics of the Department of Agriculture issued in 1924 as
earlier years were in terms of tracts and acreages, rather than Department Bulletin 1269 the results of a study made by C. O.
farms, and by cale~dar years; hence they wei'e not exactly com- Brannen into the Relation of Land Tenure to Plantation Orga,ni!
parable with the regularly computed series. The total acreage was w~
.For
the
Census
of
1880
and
that
of
1890
only
the
number
of
used in preference to the number of parcels in extending back the
transfer volume series. For the period since 1926, transfer data for farms was classified by tenure. Classifications by color of the
the 12 months ended March 15 were used to represent the previous farm operator and inter classifications by color and tenure were
calendar year's transfers. The estimates for the earlier years are first made in the Census of 1900.
Definitions of terms (series E 19-60).-A farm operator, accordshown in series E 17 and 18.
E 12-16. Percentage of voluntary sales and trade by specified to the census definition, is. a person who operates a farm, either
classes of residents, 1928-1945. SOURCE: Department of Agri- performing the labor himself or directly supervising it. The cenculture, annual circular, The Farm Real Estate Situation.
sus definition of a farm is on the basis of operating units, rather
Data on the character of farm buying are computed annually than ownership tracts. A farm may consist of a number of separate
from reports of individually listed actual sales furnished by co- tracts and these may be held under different tenures, as when one
operating farm real estate dealers and similar correspondents. For tract is owned and another tract is rented by the farm operator.
the purpose of this classification a local resident (series E 12) was Similarly, when a landowner has several tenants, renters, or cropdefined as one "from the same county, or a county adjoining that pers, the land operated by each is considered a separate farm.
in which the farm bought is located." Purpose of purchase (series Therefore, the number of farm operators, for all practical purE 13) was determined from "Yas" or "No" answers to the ques- poses is identical with the number of farms (series E 19) and these
tion: "As far as you know, did the buyer buy to actually work the items are used interchangeably.
plaae himself or to turn it over to some of his children to own or
The color classification of farm operators includes the Mexicans
operate?" Occupation status of buyer (series E 14-16) was deter- with the whites. The nonwhite group (series E 45. E 54-60) in-

75

Text: E 19-68

AGRICULTURE

cludes Negroes, Indians, Chinese, Japanese, and other nonwhite wa,s designated as 7 days prior to thefirst of the month. Since
races.
1941, the respondent has been asked for the number of persons emEach farm was classified according to the tenure under which ployed during the past week, which varies according to the day the
the operator controlled the land, on the basis of replies to the crop reporter receives the questionnaire. Before 1935, the time
following three inquiries on the schedule: Item 9. Do you operate period was not designated. Family workers include operators and
this farm for others as hired manager? (Yes or no);Item 10. How members of their families who worked on the farm without pay.
many acres in this farm do you own?; Item 11. How many acres in
Hired farm workers include all persons paid wages for farm work
on the reporter's farm, whether paid monthly, daily, piece, or
this farm do you rent from others?
The enumerator was instructed to consider as owned, land other type of wage rate.
The average number of hired and family workers per farm for
which the operator or his wife held under title, homestead law,
purchase contract, or as one of the heirs or as trustee of an un- States are computed for the reporting farms. The averages are
divided estate. If both an owned and a rented tract were farmed then adjusted by factors which are based on extrapolations from
by the same operator, these were to be considered as one farm the last census level, labor requirements data, and. the estimated
even though the tracts were not contiguous and each was locally seasonal pattern of employment based on the 1940 Census and
called a farm. Farm operators were classified into four major ten- studies in selected Sta,tes. The adjusted averages are then multiure groups: (1) Full owners (series E 20, E 32, E 38, E 49, E 56) who plied by the estimated number of full-time farms in each State to
own all the land they operate; (2) Part owners (series E 21, E 33, obtain the estimates of the number of family and hired workers
E 39, E 50, E 57) who own a part and rent from others the rest of employed. Full-time farms are defined as those on which the operthe land they operate; (3) Managers (series E 22, E 34, E 40, E 51, ator worked less than 250 days at off-farm work during the year.
E 58) who operate farms for others and receive wages or salaries for Data from the Census, State assessors' reports, and Agricultural
their services. Persons acting merely as caretakers or hired laborers Adjustment Administration records are used in estimating the numwere not classed as managers. Farms operated -for institutions or ber of farms. Annual averages of employment are simple averages
corporations were considered to be managed even where no person of first-of-month employment estimates.
Collection of monthly farm-employment data through crop rewas specifically indicated as being employed -as the farm manager;
(4) Tenants (series E 23, E 35, E 41, E 52, E 59) operate hired or porters was started in October 1923. In 1938, the National Rerented'land only. Croppers (series E 36, E 42, E 53, E 60) have been search Project of the Works Progress Administration developed
defined by the 1945 Census as share tenants to whom their land- and published monthly farm-employment estimates for 1925-1936,
lords furnish all of the work animals, or tractor power in lieu of from the crop reporter data. See Shaw, E. E., and Hopkins, J. A.,
work animals. Croppers were classified separately for the first time Trends in Employment in Agriculture, 1909-36, Works Progress
in the 1920 Census and data for this class have been secured at Administration, National Research Project, Report No. A-8, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, November 1938. Current monthly estieach succeeding census.
In the censuses of 1920, 1925, and 1930 croppers were defined l;11ates have been made by the Bureau of Agricultural Economics
as share tenants whose landlords furnished the work animals. For from crop reporter data from 1939 to the present time, using the
the census of 1935, the schedule carried no inquiry in regard to methods developed in the Works Progress Administration project.
the method of paying rent and, therefore, croppers for that year The series was adjusted to the 1940 census bench mark data and
included all tenants whose landlords furnished the work animals. monthly estimates were made for January 1937 to 1939. Thus,
The furnishing of tractor power was not taken into account in monthly data are available for the United States and nine geographic _divisions from 1925 to the present time. Estimates of
classifying croppers until the census of 1940.
annual
average employment and monthly employment by 10 typeThe greatest difficulties in making a classification -by tenure reof-farming
areas are also available from 1925 to the present. Unsult from the sharecropper system. Briefly, the question involved
published
State
estimates are used as weights in computing wage
is whether the sharecropper should be considered merely a type of
rate estimates from crop-reporter data.
laborer or a farm operator. In reality, croppers have some of the
In the National Research Project study annual estimates of
characteristics of both laborers and tenants. Crop-sharing confarm
employment from 1909 to 1924 were also published. These
tracts, by J<;:>hn H. Graves, Bureau of the Census, 1943, is a memorandum regarding l~gal relations and rights of parties when land estimates were based on census data and on data such as acreage
owned by one is cultivated by the other under agreement to share and farm production and farm population changes.
the crops. The memorandum covers 14 Southern States. Speaking
In addition to the farm-employment estimates, monthly indexes
of the situation as of 1940 the author of the memorandum finds of farm employment are available, both unadjusted and adjusted
"if croppers were included with landowners as a single farm, it for seasonal variation. The adjustment factors for seasonality are
would make a difference [reduction] for the United States of about revised each year. The employment index is based on the 1910-14
567,675 in the number of farms ... and for the South a difference period; the base is a simple average of the five annual figures.
[reduction] of 541,291 in the number of farms ... "
E 64-68. Farm wage rates, 1866-1945. SOURCE: Bureau of Agricultural
Economics. For 1866-1941, see Farm Wage Rates, Farm
FARM EMPLOYMENT, WAGES, PRODUCTIVITY (E 61-71)
Employment, and Related Data, January 1943, pp. 3-4 (processed);
E 61-63. Farm employment, 1909-1945. SOURCE: Bureau of for 1942-1945, see Agricultural Statistics, 1946, p. 538.
Agricultural Economics. For 1909-1942, see Farm Wage Rates,
Information on farm wages prior to 1866 is scattered, and is on
Farm Employment, and Related Data, January 1943, p. 155 (pro- a State basis or consists of individual records rather than data for
cessed); for 1942-1945, see Agricultural Statistics, 1946, p. 533.
the country as a whole. For farm wage data before 1866, see Wages
Current farm employment data are collected by the crop-re- of Farm Labor in the United States, Department of Agriculture,
porting service operated by the United States Department of Bureau of Statistics, Miscellaneous Series, Report No.4, WashAgriculture. About 70,000 crop reporters are on a list of general ington, D. C., 1892; Holmes, George K., Wages of Farm Labor,
crop and livestock farmers who are sent questionnaires on farm Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Statistics, Bulletin 99,
employment and wages paid hired farm workers. From these re- Washington, D. C., 1912; and Adams, T. M., Prices Paid by Verporters, about 20,000 returns are received each month.
mont Farmers for Goods and Services and Received by The?n for Farm
Crop reporters are asked to report the number of persons em- Products, 1790-1940; see also Vermont Agricultural Experiment
ployed 2 or more days on their farms in the last week, excluding Station Bulletin 507, Wages of Vermont Farm Labor, 1780-1940,
persons doing housework. The reporting period from 1935 to 1941 Burlington, Vermont,_ February 1944.
76

GENERAL STATISTICS

Text: E 64-68

are the daily rates for harvest work or a c.ombination of the two
types of daily rates obtained before 1923.
From 1923 to the present time, the questions asked crop reporters on wage rates have continued in almost exactly the same
form. A more detailed dismission of the method of collecting wage
rate data through crop reporter questionnaires is given in Hale,
R. F., and Gastineau, R. L., Reliability and Adequacy of Fann
Wage Rate Data, Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service, Washington, D. C., February 1940 (processed).
Because the return of these questionnaires is on a voluntary
From 1866 to 1909' an estimate of the average wages in the
locality for the year was requested of the crop reporters. During basis and because the crop reporter list is made up of those willing
this period, the time of year when the inquiry was made varied to cooperate, the group of farmers reporting on wage rates in their
considerably; sometimes it was in the spring, sometimes in the locality is not representative of all farmers or all farming comfall or winter. For those years in which the investigation was made munities. Most of the returns are from operators of general crop
in the spring, there is some uncertainty as to which year the annual and livestock farms. It is doubtful whether rates on specialized
average refers. For this reason, a dual-date is designated in the farms are adequately covered. The rates reported probably proseries as, for example, "1874 or 1875." In each of these 19 investi- vide a fairly accurate picture of average rates paid regular hired
gations, wage rates per day were obtained separately for harvest men in the general crop-producing regions.
Average rates based on data reported by crop reporters have
work and for work other than harvest work. The data published
here for these years are the day rates for "other than harvest work." been published quarterly in the Bureau of Agricultural Economics'
The monthly wage rates reported are not strictly comparable Farm Labor and annually in the Depalltment of Agriculture's
throughout this period. From 1866 to 1890, monthly wage rates Agricultural Statistics. Both quarterly rates and annual average
were reported for workers hired by the year. These are the rates rates are published for States, nine major geographic divisions,
shown here. In addition, in the first three of these inquiries, crop and the United States. The annual average rates are weighted
reporters were asked for monthly rates paid to workers hired for averages 'of the quarterly averages, using data on the number of
the season, which are published in Holmes (see above). From 1891 hired farm workers employed each quarter as the weight. The
to 1909, the monthly rate requested was on a combined annual and number of hired farm workers employed is also used to weight
seasonal basis. In 1909, the distinction was again made, but the two State averages to geographic divisions and United States averages.
types of :r;nonthly rates were averaged. The weighted average (re- Up to 1938, census data on the number of male hired workers were
vised) is published here. For the original averages of the monthly used as weights. In 1938 the weighting system was revised and
rates for workers hired by the year and those hired by the season, average rates for the United States and the geographic divisions for
see Holmes, Wages of Farm Labor, referred to above. Throughout 1909-1938 were also revised. State rates were unchanged. These
this period from 1866 to 1909, wage rates requested were those new rates were based on data compiled by the Works Progress
paid to men doing outdoor work. In'1902, 1906, and 1909, rates Administration and published in Shaw, E. E., and Hopkins, J.A.,
paid women for domestic work on farms were also requested.
Trends in Employment in Agriculture, 1909-36, Works Progress
Administration, Natl. Res. Proj. Rpt. No. A-8; Philadelphia, NoData from the 19 wage inquiries were published in four bulletins vember 1938. Since 1938, the current employment estimates have
by the Bureau of Statistics of the Department of Agriculture-No. . been used. A more detailed statement on the current weighting
4, 22, and 26 of the miscellaneous series, which were published in system is given in Hale, R. F., and Gastineau, R. L., (see above),
1892, 1901, and 1903; and Bulletin' 99 of the Bureau of Statistics and in Farm Wage Rates, Employment, and Related Data (also cited
series published in 1912. In the first three of the bulletins the rates above).
were published without reducing currency to gold values, since the
Index numbers of the composite farm wage rates (series E 64)
monetary system of this country was not on a gold basis, but in are published for geographic regions and for the United States.
Holmes' bulletin (No. 99) and in subsequent reports the wage In obtaining this index, the day rates are multiplied by 20 to obrates for the period of inflated currency values during and follow- tain their monthly equivalents. A constant set of percentages of
ing the Civil War were reduced to gold values. In Holmes' bulletin the workers receiVing each type of rate, based on a 1927 survey,
the weighting system, which was not uniform for all previous sur- have been used in weighting rates in each geographic region beveys, was revised and wage-rate data for all 19 surveys were re- ginning 1925. The resulting composite wage rate is converted to
computed. The number of male agricultural laborers, as reported an index based on the period 1910-1914. The bas~ is a simple
by census of occupations, in each State was used as the weight in average of the five annual figures. The quarterly wage-:rate index,
obtaining United States and major region averages from State which is also available, is published both unadjusted and adjusted
average wage rates.
to remove seasonal variation. Seasonal adjustment factors are
From 1909 to 1923, annual inquiries as to farm wage rates in based on the relationship of monthly levels to, annual averages
their localities were made of crop reporters. As previously, they for 1923 to 1939.
were asked about monthly rates with and without board; and about
In the absence of direct information in the past, the difference
daily rates, with and without board, "at harvest" and for "other between the average monthly rate with board and the average
than harvest labor." In 1923, to give an overlap for linking pur- monthly rate without board, as reported by crop reporters, has
poses, a quarterly inquiry was initiated as well as the annual sur- often been estimated as the monthly value of board which has
vey. The new quarterly series changed the time reference of day never been explicitly defined. The value thus obtained by subrates to "average wage rates being paid to hired labor at the traction of the two series for July 1945, however, is considerably
present time in your locality," with an additional instruction to lower than the average value of room and meals furnished as perinclude in the estimates of day rates "average daily earnings of quisites which was reported by the farmer for a similar period.
piece workers." Thus the distinction between day rates for harvest A more detailed discussion of the value of perquisites furnished
work and for non-harv.est work was no longer made. For compar- by farmers is given in "Perquisites Furnished Hired Farm Workers,
ative purposes, the daily wage rates IIfor other than harvest work" United States and Major Regions, 1945," Bureau of Agricultural
in the period before 1923 are probably more comparable with the Economics Report No. 18 of the series Surveys of Wages and Wage
rates obtained after the 1923 shift in definition of daily rates than Rates in Agriculture, December 1946 (processed).
The first investigations made by the Department of Agriculture
of the wage rates farmers paid hired workers in the United States
was in 1866. It was followed by 18 similar studies made at irregular
intervals in the following 44 years. Then from 1909 to 1923, inquiries were made annually. Since 1923, they h'ave been on a
quarterly basis. In all these surveys, questionnaires were sent to
the voluntary crop correspondents. Information was requested on
the average monthly and daily wage rates, with and without
board, paid by farmers in the locality.

77

Text: E 69-73

AGRICULTURE

E 69. Farmers' expellditures for hired labor, 1909-1945. SOURCE:


Bureau of Agricultural Economics. For 1909-1929, see Income
Parity for Agriculture, part II, sec. 1, "The Cost of Hired Farm
Labor, 1909-38," April 1939, p. 5; for 1930-1945, see Agricultural
Statistics, 1946, p. 564. Data for census years are from Bureau of
the Census; intercensal years are BAE estimates. Current estimates are published in Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Farm
Income Situation, for June and July of each year. For a detailed
statement of the methods used in estimating the farm labor bill,
see "The Cost of Hired Farm Labor, 1909-38," cited above; and
liN et Income and Production Expenses of Farm Operators by
States, Calendar Years 1929, 1939-44," part VI, sec. 2 of the series
Income Parity for Agriculture, October 1945.

Annual estimates of farmers' total expenditures for hired labor


since 1909 are available for the United States; and for '1929 and
annually, beginning in 1939, for individual States. The total farm
labor bill is divided between cash wages and the value of perquisites farmers furnished hireGl. workers. It is also divided betw'een
the wage bill paid to workers living on farms and those not living
on farms.
The annual estimates of the cash expenditures for hired labor
for census years were taken from the Census of Agriculture. Estimates for intercensal years were interpolated on the basis of
changes in the product of hired farm employment and average
wage rates, with the latter appropriately weighted by quarters
for each type of employment.
. The estimates of board and lodging furnished hired farm workers as perquisites for the United States as a whole were based on
totals from the 1910 and 1920 Censuses of Agriculture. Estimates
fer intervening and subsequent years were based on the percentage
change in the product of the number of hired farm workers paid
monthly and daily wage rates with board and the value of board
and lodging. This value was estimated as the difference between
wage rates with board and wage rates without board, as estimated
from crop reporter data. In addition, the value of perquisites
other than board and lodging for 1925 was derived from a special
study of the ]3ureau of Agricultural Economics. (Folsom, J. C.,
Perquisites and Wages of Hired Farm Laborers, Department of
Agriculture, Tech. Bul. 213, 1931.) Estimates of the value of perquisites other than board and lodging for other years were based
on the 1925 data and on the change in hired farm employment
and changes in farm prices of the major perquisite items. And
finally, the two perquisite series cembined have been adjusted to
the levels shown by the May 1945 survey of wages and wage
rates in agriculture, made by the Bureau of Agricultural Economics. ("Perquisites Furnished Hired Farm Workers, United States
and Major Regions, 1945," Bureau of Agricultural Economics,
Report No. 18 of the series, Surveys of Wages and Wage Rates in
Ayriculture, December 1946.) Basic data on the number of hired
farm werkers living on farms and those not living on farms were
from the 1930 and 1940 Censuses of Population.
The series as a whole is tied to census enumerations, which may
under-estimate to some extent the total cash-wage bill. The data are
comparable from year to year, and should closely approximate
the variations in the total farm-labor bill.
E 70-71. Productivity of farm labor, 1910-1945. SOURCE: See
Barton, Glen T., and Cooper, Martin R., Farm Production in War
and Peace, Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Dec. 1945, and
BAE records.
The two indexes of farm production per worker were constructed by dividing the index of production ,for sale and home consumption (series E 72), and the index of gross farm production
(series E 73), by the index of average annual farm employment
(based on series E 61).
The two series of production per farm worker have quite different long-time trends, particularly since 1918 when the number of

78

horses and mules. on farms was at ,the peak. The replacement of


farm horses and mules by mechanical power in the form of tractors, trucks, and automobiles had two broad effects on production
per farm worker. Mechanical power and associated labor-saving
equipment enabled fewer farm workers to produce more products.
And, as farm horses and mules declined in number, the cropland
formerly used for raising their feed was diverted to production of
farm products for human use. The shift in composition of farm
power thus was a force in the downward trend in farm employment
and .in the upward trend in farm production for the market. The
result was a sharp upward trend in production for sale and home
consumption per farm worker.
The trend in gross production per farm worker was not so
sharply upward. This is the result of the inclusion of the value of
farm-produced power as an item of gross farm production. The
index of gross production per worker thus more nearly measures
the change in the total production contribution of farm labor
than does the index of production for sale and home consumption
per worker. Part of the increase in production for sale and home
cDnsumption is attributable to the nonfarm workers who manufactured the motor vehicles and fuel for them.
Another index of agricultural production per worker was developed in Bressler, R. G., Jr., and Hopkins, J. A., Trends in Size
and Production of the Aggregate Farm Enterprise, 1909-1936, Works
Progress Administration, National Research Project, Report A-6,
July 1938, and has been kept current by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. In this index of farm production the commodities are weighted
by labor requirements rather than by prices in the base period as
is the case for both of the indexes shown here. (See c'Q,apter D,
series D 217.)
PRODUCTION MEASURES (E

72-75)

E 72-73. Agricultural production indexes, 1909-1945. SOURCE:


Bureau of Agricultural Economics. Series E 72: For 1909-1944, see
Agricultural Statistics, 1946, p. 560; for 1945, see Farm Income
Situation, December 1947 (processed). Series E 73: For 1910-1918
and 1940-1945, data are from BAE records; for 1919--,-1989, see
Barton, Glen
and Martin R. Cooper, Farm Production in War
and Peace, Bureau of Agricultural Economics, December 1945.
The volume of agricultural production for sale and farm household use (series E 72) is a fixed-weight aggregative index of production of 86 agricultural products. Because of inadequate data,
some of the items that are included in the index at present are
omitted in the earlier years, leaving only 41 items in 1909, the
first year for which the index is available. The base period is 193539, and .1935-39 average prices are used as weights. This index
was developed in connection with the farm-income estimates and
the concepts used parallel those used in the income estimate 3
(series E 91-94).
Group indexes are calculated for two major groups-crops, and
livestock and products. Subgroups of the crops are calculated for
food grains, feed crops, cotton lint and seed, oil-bearing crops,
tobacco, fruits and tree nuts, truck crops, vegetable and sugar
crops. The crops group includes cowpeas and hops in addition to
the subgroups listed. Subgroups in livestock and products are calculated for meat animals, poultry and eggs, and dairy products.
Wool and mohair are included in livestock and products group.
The data on crops are total crop-year production for sale and
for farm home consumption. Data on meat animals and livestock
products are total calendar-year liveweight or products sales and
home consumption. Home consumption includes only farm household consumption and does not include feed and seed used on farms
where grown ..
The index of gross agricultural production (series E 73) for each
calendar year covers total crop production, pasture consumed by
livestock, and the product added in the conversion of feed and

r.,

GENERAL STATISTICS
pasture into livestock and livestock products for human use and
into farm-produced power. Indexes have been constructed for
each of the 9 census geographic divisions from 1919 to date and
the United States from 1909 to date. Sub-indexes of gross farm
production are available for product added by all livestock and
by meat animal products. The total crops and pasture component
has subgroups for feed grains, hay and pasture, food grains, truck
crops, vegetables except truck, fruits and tree nuts, sugar crops,
cotton, tobacco and oil crops. Cowpeas, hops, and hay seeds are
included in the crop and pasture index. In addition, the quantityprice aggregates of farm-produced power of horses and mules are
subtracted from the total quantity-price aggregates of gross farm
production to obtain regional and national indexes of farm output
for human use.
The decreasing importance of horses and mules as a source of
farm powe~ is reflected in the difference in the trends of the indexes of production for sale and home consumption (series E 72)
and gross farm production (series E 73).
Neither of these indexes is available for years earlier than 1909.
Department of Agriculture, Tech. Bulletin 703, Gross Farm Income
and Indices of Farm Production and Prices in the United States,
1869-1937, by Strauss and Bean contains several indexes of farm
production for the years 1869-1937. These indexes are not comparable with those appearing here but they probably provide the
best available measure of changes in farm production prior to 1909.
E 74-75. Aggregate acreage of 52 crops, 1909-1945. SOURCE:
For 1909-1928, data are from records of Bureau of Agricultural
Economics; for 1929-1945, see BAE, Crop Production, 1947 Annual
Summary, December 1947 (processed). Estimates of harvested acreages of principal crops in the United States appear .in the records
of the Crop Reporting Board of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics for the period beginning with 1866. For purposes of comparison with current totals, the estimates for 52 principal crops
have been aggregated for the years since 1909.
The 52 crops selected for this treatment include the 4 feed
grains-corn, oats, barley, and sorghum grain; the 4 food grains-'wheat, rye, buckwheat and rice; the 5 annual legumes-dry edible
beans, dry field peas, soybeans for beans, cowpeas for peas, peanuts picked and threshed; all hay; cotton, tobacco, flaxseed, potatoes, sweetpotatoes, broomcorn, sorghum silage and forage; 3
sugar crops-sugar cane for all purposes, sugar beets, and sorgo
sirup; ~ field seeds-alfalfa, red clover, alsike clover, sweet clover,
lespedeza, and timothy; and 21 vegetables. Of the 21 vegetables 11
are for processing and 19 for fresh market, some of which appear
in both categories. Among crops not included are sweet corn for
market and some of the less important commercial vegetables,
most market gardens, hops, spelt, hemp, velvetbeans, minor crops,
and fruits and nuts.
In aggregating these acreages it is necessary to allow for some
duplications. The aggregate acreage shown for any particular year
is a net acreage, excluding most duplications, excluding some
annual legume acreages which may be harvested by grazing, but
including small acreages of succession crops, mostly vegetables,
which may be grown on the same acreage in thesame year. The
effect of these is more or less offsetting and the extent is probably
not suffici~nt to affect more than the fourth significant digit.

Pl~nted acreages of most crops have been estimated by the Crop


Reporting Board only since 1929. For the same 52 crops for which
harvested acreages are aggregated, a total of estimated acreages
planted or grown is prepared. The difference between the aggregate of acreage planted or grown and the aggregate acreage
harvested in any year represents acreage losses. These losses are
published for specific crops and in total in the December issue of
Crop Production. These series are comparable throughout, both
within each series and between the two series.
The expression acreage planted or grown (series E 74) is descriptive of the data contained. For most crops the acre'age is that

Text: E 72-81

estimated as planted, and thus includes some acreage that WaS not
harvested for various reasons. For such crops as field s~eds and
hay, which are harvested from fields not sown or planted annually,
the term "acreage grown" is more realistic.
FARM TAXES, INSURANCE, AND INCOME (E 76-1(4)
E 76-79. Taxes levied on farm property, 1890-1945. SOURCE:
Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Agricultural Economics,
Agricultural Finance Review issues. These series cover all ad valorem taxes levied upon farm property by State and local governments. They do not cover special assessments such as those levied
on a per acre or other benefit basis, by drainage, irrigation, or other
special districts. Farm real estate (series E 76-78) is all land that
falls within the Bureau of the Census definition of land in farms
(see series E 1-4). Farm personal property (series E 79) covers all
livestock, machinery, automobiles, trucks, produce, and household
and personal effects. M nch personal property on farms is not taxed
because S01)1e States provide a flat dollar exemption or they exempt
certain classes of personal property entirely.
The taxes shown include those levied upon farm property
whether owned by the operator or not. To the extent that nonfarm
landlords pay the taxes on farm property, the figures are greater
than the taxes paid by farmers. "Levies" rather than "payments"
are shown partly because data for payments are not available for
many States. For short periods and in particular States, levies and
payments may differ widely. Over long periods. and for the country
as a whole, however, levies and payments probably are about equal.
The figures, therefore, can be said to represent the property-tax
charges against the agricultural industry.
The several real estate tax series (E 76-78) are developed by the
Bureau of Agricultural Economics from data for sample farms
obtained from local tax officials or from farmers themselves, and
from farm real estate tax data reported by the Agricultural Censuses of 1930 and 1940. The acreages used in computing taxes per
acre are census enumerations of land in farms with interpolations
forintercensal years. The values used in computing taxes per $100
of value are based on census enumerations of operator estimates of
value with interpolations for intercensal years based on the
Bureau of Agricultural Economics index of farm land values. For
a more detailed discussion of the method used in constructing
these series, see Farm Property Taxes and Their Relation to Parity
Determinations, issued in November 1941 by the Bureau of Agri.;.
cultural Economics.
The personal property tax series (series E 79) is developed by
the Bureau of Agricultural Economics from the annual figures for
total real estate taxes and the ratios between the amounts of farm
real and farm personal property on the tax rolls as shownin published reports of State tax commissions, boards of equalization, or
similar bodies. A discussion of this series appears in the article,
"Personal Property Taxation and the Farmer," in the Agricultural Finance Review, vol. 3, No.2, November 1940, Bureau of
Agricultural Economics.
E 80-81. State automotive taxes paid by farmers, 1910-1945.
SOURCE: Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Finance Review issues. The series for State
motor-vehicle licenses and permits (series E 80) includes payments
of all registration and "tag" fees for automobiles and trucks on
farms and for drivers' permits by farmers. Estimates have not been
made for years prior to 1910 as the number of vehicles on farms was
very small and registration charges were low. The increase in the
amount paid by farmers since 1910 reflects both the increase in the
number of vehicles on farms and the increase in the average charge
per vehicle. The latter increase resulted partly from a long-time
trend toward increasing the tax contribution of motor vehicle owners and partly from a tendency to simplify administration by adjusting license fees upward and then exempting motor vehicles from
the property tax. The license and permit series is derived from

79

Text: E 80-94

AGRICULTURE

Bureau of Agricultural Economics estimates of vehicles on farms the data to a full calendar-year basis comparable with similar
and average charges per vehicle. The latter is the average charge estimates of nonagricultural income, and to improve and expand
for
vehicles registered, adjusted to the level of charges for the data in other respects. Partial results were. published by the
vehicles on farms as determined from special surveys.
Bureau, as completed, in a series of reports under the general
State motor-fuel taxes (series E 81) are those arising out of the heading of Income Parity for Agriculture; and all of the results in
use of automobiles and trucks by farmers. For practical purposes preliminary form were assembled and published in Material Bearing
they may be considered as paid by farmers, although in many on Parity Prices, USDA, BAE, July 1941. The various series have
States these taxes technically' are levied upon the distributors or been revised and brought up to date every year sin.ce then.
Estimates for individual States are also available for some of
dealers. The taxation of moto~ fuel began in 1919when four States
adopted gallonage taxes on gasoline. By 1929 all States had such the more recent years. Data on cash receipt~ appear in Cash Retaxes. The motor-fuel series is derived from Bureau of Agricul- ceipts from Farming, by States and Commodities, Calendar Years
tural Economics estimates of fuel consumption of farm vehicles 1924-1944, USDA, BAE, January 1946, and are brought up to
and the average tax rate on such fuel as developed from special date in the May issues of The Farm Income Situation. Estimates
surveys.
of net income appear in Net Income and Production Expenses of
Further discussion of these series appears in an article, "Auto- Farm Operators by States, Calendar Years 1929 and 1939-44, part
motive Taxes and the Farmer," in the Agricultural Finance Review, VI, section 1 of Income Parity for Agriculture, USDA, BAE, Ocvol. 4, No.2, November 1941, Bureau of Agricultural Economics. tober 1945, and are usually brought up to date in the July issues of
The Farm Income Situation.
E 82-87. Farmers' mutual fire insurance, 1914-1945. SOURCE:
Compiled by Bureau of Agricultural Economics from published
No adequate statistics are available on farm incoPle and exState reports and from data supplied by State insurance officials, penses before 1910. Willford I. King's early estimates of the total
company officials, and others. The. data presented here are for value produced in agriculture go back to 1850, but for census
farmers' mutual fire insurance companies, and include insurance years only (The Wealth and Income of the People of the United
against fire and lightning but, in most cases, not against windstorm, States, Macmillan Co., 1915). They were based on inadequate inhail on growing crops, or other hazards. For 1914-1933, farmer com... formation and are not comparable with any of the current series.
panies were defined as those which had more than 65 percent of With no data available for intercensal years, the decennial figures
their insurance on farm property. Since 1933, farmer companies may be misleading even as an indication of the long-term trend in
have been defined as those which had more than 50 percent of farm income. The decennial projections back to 1800 prepared by
their business on farm property. During both periods, however, the National Industrial Conference Board, National Income in the
United States, 1799-1938,1939, are in much the same category, and
all business of such companies was considered farm business, although only about 88 percent of the total insurance was on farm mustbe regarded only as very rough approximations. Annual estiproperty. On the other hand, general-writing mutual and stock mates of gross farm income extending back to 1869, and covering a
fire insurance companies also write insurance on farm property; substantial part of total farm production, are given in Gross Farm
but the business of such companies is not included, as they do not Income and Indices of Farm Production and Prices in the United
States, 1869-1937, USDA, Tech. Bul. No. 703, December 1940.
come within the definition of a farmer company.
The number of companies indicated (series E 82) are those for Although not comparable with any of the current series, these esti~
which data were obtained and may not be entirely complete for mates are probably fairly reliable as an indication of trends in the
any year. The amount of surplus and reserves shown represents gross value of farm production.
In the absence of any direct reporting of farm income on an
merely the excess of assets over liabilities. Most of the farmers"
mutuals are assessment companies and as such are not required adequate scale, it has been necessary to develop the estimates by
to set up unearned-premium reserves. "Cost per $100 ofinsutance" indirect methods using the available data on production, dis(series E 84-86) does not include any amounts collected from mem- position, prices, and costs. The procedure followed in the Bureau
bers which have been added directly to surplus or reserve funds of Agricultural Economics has been to treat agriculture as though
(series E 87). Such funds are, of course, available for payment of it were one tremendous enterprise, and to derive its net income by
future losses and operating expenses. The average increase in these first computing "gross income," as defined below, and then desurplus funds during the 10-year period 1935-44 suggests that, on ducting aggregate expenses of production.
the average, annual assessments collected from members amounted
Series E 88-91, presented here, are estimates of gross farm into about 27.5 cents per $100 of insurance, compared with amounts come and its principal components. These estimates are "gross"
actually paid out for losses and operating expenses of about 24.8 in the sense that they represent the total value of commodities
cents. '
and services produced by farms in the United States, without any
E 88-94. Cash receipts from farm marketing, and farm income,
deduction for costs incurred in their production, and without any
1910-1945. SOURCE: For 1910-1939, see Bureau of Agricultural
consideration as to who reaps the ultimate benefit from their sale
Economics, Net Farm Income and Parity Report, 1943, and Sum- or use, whether he be a farm operator, a landlord, a farm laborer,
mary for 1910-42, July 1944; for 1940-1945, see BAE, The Farm or a bank. Cash receipts from farm marketings, in the case of
Income Situation, June-July 1947. The estimates, assembled in the crops, include all sales of crops by farmers; purchases by other
last 10 years by the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, are designed farmers for use as feed or seed are later deducted as production
primarily to meet the specifications of the legislative formula for expenses. Similarly, in the case of livestock and products, the estidetermining income parity for agriculture; but they have also pro- mates include all sales by farmers, with purchases of livestock by
vided for the first time a systematic set of general-purpose statistics other farmers included as a production expense in series E 92.
on farm income and expenditures.
.
Farm sales of firewood and other forest products are included in
As finally revised in 1938, the formula for income parity for the crop totals.
agriculture provides in general that the net income of persons on
Series E 88 represents total cash receipts from all farm marketfarms from farming is at parity when it bears the same per capita ings, and for the period from 1933 to 1945 includes Government
relationship to nonfarm income as in the 1910-14 base period.
payments to farmers. The latter include rental and benefit, conIn 1936, the Bureau of Agricultural Economics launched an ex- servation, price adjustment, parity, and production paymentstensive project of research and estimation in the field of farm- in short, all money paid directly to farmers by the Government in
income statistics. This project was designed to extend the estimates connection with its various farm programs. Indirect financial aid
back to 1910 as required by the income-pari~y formula, to revise transmittea to farmers through commodity prices or loan values is

all

80

GENERAL STATISTICS

Text: E 88-97

covered in cash receipts from marketings. Government payments the net change during the year in crop and livestock inventories
to landlords are included, as well as those to farm operators; but on farms; and (3) wages, in cash or in kind, paid to farm laborers
the former are also included in series E 92 as a part of total rental who live on farms. Inventory changes are included in order to
payments to nonfarm landlords.
achieve comparability with the net income of nonfarm business
Gross farm income (series E 91) represents total cash farm in- enterprise as ordinarily reported. Only about two-thirds of all
come, the value of farm-produced food and fuel consumed in farm hired farm workers live on farms; and in compliance with the reshouseholds, and an imputed rental value for all farm dwellings. idence criterion in the income-parity formula, only their wages
Farm-household consumption of farm products is valued at prices are included in this series.
received for the sale of similar products. It includes food and fuel
The series are constructed on a generally comparable basis
furnished to hired farm laborers, later deducted as a part of total throughout the period shown, and are believed to be fairly comlabor costs to farm operators. The rental value of dwellings is on a plete and reliable despite the indirect methods of estimation. A
gross basis; later deductions of rent, interest, taxes, insurance, more detailed discussion of coverage and methods may be found in
maintenance, and depreciation are for farms as a whole with their the various publications of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics
buildings and equipment, and include shares allocable to farm on Income Parity for Agriculture.
dwellings.
E 95-104. Index numbers of prices received and paid by farmers,
Gross farm income has been built up commodity by commodity interest and taxes, and parity ratio, 1910-1945. SOURCE: Bureau
from the estimates of production, disposition, price, and value of of Agricultural Economics, records and Crops and Markets, April
the various farm products released periodically by the Crop Re- 1944, pp. 91 and 95. See also detailed listings below.
porting Board of the Department of Agriculture. These estimates
E 95-97. Index numbers of prices received by farmers, 19,10in turn are generally based on periodic census enumerations supple1945. SOURCE: Bureau of Agricultural Economics. For 1910-1943,
mented by regular reports from a long list of field statisticians,
see Crops and Markets, April 1944; for 1944-1945, see Agricultural
farmers, and special crop, livestock, and price correspondents, and
Outlook Charts, 1947, book II, p. 12. Data on prices received and
by records arid reports of a wide variety of public and private
paid by farmers in their local markets are collected by the Departagencies concerned with the inspection, storage, marketing, transment of Agriculture and are published as "local market prices" as
portation, or processing of farm products.
distinguished from "wholesale prices" of farm products at the cen. The series on total farm-production expenses (series E 92) com- tral markets. Three distinct types of price series are collected by
prises the aggregate cost to farm operators, or all of that part of the Department: (1) Annual estimates of December 1 prices of
gross farm income which is not retained by farm operators. It crops and January 1 farm values of livestock which constitute the
includes: (1) Wages paid for hired labor, both in cash and in kind; oldest series, beginning in 1867; (2) mid-month prices of com(2) purchases of feed, livestock, fertilizer, and lime; (3) outlays for modities sold by farmers, which were first collected in 1908 for
the operation of tractors, trucks, and automobiles (excluding the crops, and in 1910 for livestock and livestock products; and (3) the
portion assigned to family use); and (4) a large number of other prices of articles bought by farmers, beginning in 1910.
current farm operating expenses. It also includes: (5) Charges for
During and before the first World War, summarization of commaintenance and depreciation of farm buildings, motor vehicles,
machinery and equipment; (6) taxes levied on farm property; (7) posite price movements in the Department of Agriculture was coninterest paid on farm-mortgage loans; and (8) net rents paid to fined to some rather simple percentage comparisons and index
landlords not living on farms, including that .part of Gov- numbers of prices received and paid by farmers. The first comernment payments that goes to such landlords and not to farm prehensive index-number series of prices of farm products was
operators. Other farm rents, paid to landlords who are also farm constructed and published in 1921 as Department of Agriculture
operators, are not included as they constitute offsetting items of Bulletin No. 999, Prices of Farm Products in the United States.
Considerable research on this subject in 1923-24 resulted in the
income and cost for farm operators as a group.
development of the aggregative type of index-number series as
The estimates of production expenses are generally based on
first published in Crops and Markets in August 1924. Later re. enumerations in the quinquennial Census of Agriculture, supplevisions of the prices received index numbers have been published
mented by special surveys. Estimates for years other than census
at 10-year intervals in 1934 and January 1944.
or survey years have for the most part been derived on the basis
From the time of the first pUblication in 1921, the base period for
of relative changes in available series that are similar or related
to the expense items in question. A combination of two series is index numbers of prices received by farmers has been the 60-month
frequently used, one representing or indicative of changes in period, August 1909-July 1914. The primary consideration in the
quantity and the other of changes in price. For a few types of original decision to accept this base was that these prewar years
costs, however, the records of public or private agencies provide constituted a period in which the prices of farm products were
relatively stable and it was assumed that there was a more nearly
the basis for direct annual estimates.
normal
relationship with other price series during this period than
The realized net income of farm operators (series E. 93) is obtained by subtracting total production expenses from gross farm in any other period during the short term of years for which data
income. The term "realized" is used because the estimates were then available.
include the value of farm products only as they are sold, with no
allowance for. commodities produced but not sold during the year.
In other words, the estimates do not include changes during the
year in farm inventories of crops and livestock. This series should
not be confused with net income from agriculture, or agriculture's
contribution to the total national income. The latter would include
farm wages, rent, and interest in addition to inventory changes
and the realized net income of farm operators.
Series E 94, the net income to persons on farms from farming,
is the one used, together with corresponding estimates of the income of persons not on farms, in the legislative formula for computing income parity for agriculture. It includes: (1) The realized
net income of farm operators; (2) the value, at year-end prices, of

The series of prices received by farmers that are used in the


construction of the index of the general level of farm-product
prices are based on reports from a group of voluntary respondents,
most of whom are buyers of, or dealers in, farm products at country shipping points, and a few of whom are well-informed farmers.
These reporters have increased in number with developments and
needs of the work in the field of prices; at present (1947), reports
are based upon returns from about 9,000 respondents. Before
December 1923, prices of the major crops were reported on the
first of the month by county reporters in connection with monthly
crop reports. Beginning with December 1923 all monthly prices
relate to the 15th of the month. The 1st-of-the-month prices for
the period before December 1923 have been adjusted to approxi81

Text: E 95-107

AGRICULTURE

mate 15th-of-the-month prices by taking the average of previously


E 104. Parity ratio. 191()-C1945. SOURCE: See text for series E 95estimated prices for the first of 2 consecutive months. The monthly 104, above. The' original "prices paid" series of index numbers,
prices of livestock have related to the 15th of the month since the prepared in 1928 and revised in 1933-34 on the basis of later data,
beginning of the series in January 1910.
was brought into prominence by the Agricultural Adjustment Act
The current construction of index numbers of farm-product of 1933 which set forth the often-quoted definition of the parity
prices is based upon local market prices for 48 important agricul- principle and declared that it was the policy of Congress, among
tural commodities sold by farmers. The commodities are arranged other things, to: " ... reestablish prices to farmers at a level that
into two major groups, crops and livestock. There are seven crop will give agricultural commodities a purchasing power with respect
subdivisions: (1) Food grains, (2) feed grains and hay, (3) cotton, to articles that farmers buy, equivalent to the purchasing power of
(4) tobacco, (5) oil-bearing crops, (6) fruits, and (7) truck crops. agricultural commodities in the base period ... " Thus the legisThe three livestock subdivisions are (1) meat,animals, (2) dairy lative basis for parity as a definite part of American agricultural
products, (3) poultry and eggs. The weights cutrently used in policy was established.
A later enactment provided for the inclusion of interest and
computing the index numbers are annual averages of sales during
the period 1935-1939. Price series for individual commodities are taxes per acre in the case of all commodities with an August 1909weighted by the quantity of the commodity sold, with minor ad- July 1914 base. Neither this nor other minor modifications, howjustments to give some representation in' the subgroups to com- ever, altered' either the basic concept of parity or the dominant
m odties not included in the index. Since 1921, the index numbers role of the prices-paid series in its determination.
have been issued on an August 1909-July 1914 base, but the
FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT AND FERTILIZER
weights (based on the volume of marketings) have been shifted
from those of 1918-1923 to 1924-1929, and later to marketings
CONSUMPTION .(E 105-116)
during the most recent prewar years, 1935-1939.
E 105-110. Farm machinery and equipment, 1850-1945. SOURCE:
E 98-100. Index numbers of prices paid by farmers, 1910-1945. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Agricultural Economics.
SOURCE: Bureau of Agricultural Economics. For 1910-1943, see See text for individual series below.
Crops and Markets, April 1944; for 1944-1945, see Agricultural OutE 105. Value of farm implements and machinery, decennial
look Charts, 1947, book II, p. 13. Prices of commodities bought by
farmers are reported by approximately 17,000 voluntary reporters, 1850-1910, annual 1911-1945. SOURCE: For 1850-1910, see Bureau
composed in the main of independent retail merchants serving the of the Census, Thirteenth Census of the United States, Agriculture,
farm population of the United States. The series of estimates of vol. V, p. 51; for 1911-1945, see Bureau of Agricultural Economics,
prices paid by farmers used in the construction of the rural retail Progress of Farm Mechanization, Misc. Pub. 630, October 1947,
price index were obtained only on an annual basis from 1910 to p. 83. This series represents inventory value at the beginning of
1922. Since that time most items have been priced quarterly in the year. These figures are closely tied to the values enumerated
March, June, September, and December. Feed prices have been by the Census of Agriculture, the intercensal years being estimated
from information on manufacture and sales with due allowance
gathered monthly in recent years.
for wear and tear and then adjusted for changes in price levels.
The index of prices paid by farmers is based upon 179 individual
For the period 1850-1910, the data shown are not entirely comitems farmers buy; 86 items used for farm family living and 93
parable.
These are data from early censuses which were taken on
commodities used in farm production. The broad category of
items bought for maintenance of the farm family is classified into different dates and cover periods of vastly different price levels and
the following groups: Food (22 items), clothing (17 items), sup- attendant investment values. They also include the period of explies (11 items), furniture and furnishings (21 items), motor ve- pansion into the West. According to 'the source, however, "the
hicles (1 item), and building materials for houses (14 items). The data are sufficiently comparable to indicate in a broad way the
group of commodities used in production is also broken down into agricultural progress of the country ... "
subgroups: Feed (12 items), farm machinery (30 items), motor
E 106. Tractors on farms, January 1, 1910-1945. SOURCE: Buvehicles (3 items), fertilizer (7 items), building materials (19 items), reau of Agricultural Economics. For 1910-1928, see Income Parity
equipment and supplies (15 items), and seed (7 items).
for Agriculture, part II, sec. 3, "Purchases, Depreciation, and
The weights used in computing State and national averages of Value of Farm Automobiles, Motortrucks, Tractors, and Other
prices paid are estimated quantities hought by farm families. For Farm Machinery," August 1940, p. 56; for 1929-1945, see Agrimost cost-of-living commodities these estimates were obtained by cultural Statistics, 1946, p. 582. Tractors on farms have been
multiplying the number of farms by the average purchases per selected as indicative of the extent of mechanization of farming.
farm family for each item as shown by the reports on Family In- The tractors counted in the series shown are mostly those with
come and Expenditures from the Consumer Purchases Study, 1935- internal combustion engines. In the earlier years there had been
considerable numbers of tractors powered by heavy steam engines
36, Bureau of Human Nutrition and Home Economics, United
capable
of moving from farm to farm and used more for belt work
States Department of Agriculture. For production goods, weighting factors are based on indicators of volume of purchases derived than for pul1ing plows and other equipment except in the wheat
from data compiled by the Bureau of the Census, the Bureau of fields of the West. Census counts of tractors were first made in the
Agricultural Economics, and other official and trade source ma- 1920 Census of Agriculture. Numbers in intercensal years are estimates reconciled to census years, and based on the Census of
terials.
Manufactures and surveys of the life and cost of tractors.
E 101-103. Index numbers of prices paid, including interest and
taxes payable per acre, 1910-1945. SOURCE: See text for series
E 107. Sales of farm equipment, machinery and parts (for use
E 95-104, above. National averages of prices paid for items farmers in the United, States from domestic manufacture), 1920-1945.
buy are combined into the index of prices paid by farmers by SOURCE: For 1920, see below; for 1921-1928, see Bureau of the
weighting each according to its relative importance with regard Census, Manufacture and Sale of Farm Equipment, annual issues
to farm expenditures during the six years 1924-1929. The index of for that period; for 1929-1945, see same agency, Facts for Industry,
prices paid by farmers for commodities is comBined with indexes M35A, Supplement 1, "Farm Machines and Equipment Sales for
of interest payable per acre on mortgage indebtedness and of taxes Export, 1940-1945," January 1947. The Bureau of the Census has
payable per acre on farm real estate to obtain the index of prices obtained essentially complete data on production of farm mapaid, interest, and taxes by giving prices paid for commodities a chinery and equipment and has segregated the items sold for exweight of 86.0 percent, interest 7.2 percent, and taxes 6.8 percent. port from those solO. for use in this country. The series here pre82

GENERAL STATISTICS

Text: E 107-116

sented makes appropriate deduction for the amounts sold for uses The total consumption of the two territories increased from about
other than on farms. The values represent manufacturers' prices: 3,000 tons in 1890 to 50,000 tons in 1900, 80,000 tons in 1910,
The enumeration of 1921 covered only a few items, 7 categories 120,000 in 1920, 262,000 in 1930, 320,000 in 1940, and 315,000
totaling $59,759, and has therefore been omitted. For 1931 the tons in 1945.
value of export sales was not segregated, and no data were colThe plant food consumption in the territories in 1935, 1940, and
lected for the years 1932, 1933, and 1934. For 1920 the Depart- 1945 was as follows: Nitrogen, 31,700, 41,900, and 43,000 tons;
ment of Agriculture made an extensive survey which was reported 'phosphoric acid, 14,000, 18,000, and 18,000 tons; potash, 16,600,
in detail in Circular 212.
26,500, and 28,000 tons, respectively. The data are not available
E 108-110. Farmers' expenditures for farm machinery and for years prior to 1935.
equipment, 1910-1945. SOURCE: Bureau of Agricultural Economics.
The earliest data on consumption of fertilizers were collected
For 1910-1939, see Net Farm Income and Parity Report, 1943, by State fertilizer control officials. The first volume of American
July 1944, p. 27 (processed); for 1940-1945, see Farm Income Sit- Fertilizer, 1894, p. 101, gives such figures for Georgia for the years
uation, June-July 1947. These estimates cover purchases made by 1875 to 1892, inclusive. In 1945 the Fertilizer Control Office, or
farmers annually for farm machinery and equipment to be used ,on a similar State Agency, of each of 36 States published tonnages of
farms. Expenditures for motor vehicles include the part for auto- fertilizers consumed in their States during the previous period. A
mobiles allotted to farm production, amounting to 50 percent of bibliography of such reports is given by Mehring in United States
the value 1942-1945 and to 40 percent before 1942. Motortrucks Department of Agriculture Circular No. 756, 1946, which also gives
and tractors are included with automobiles (for production) in the considerable detail concerning 1943 and 1944 consumption in all
estimates of expenditures for motor vehicles. The figures in these States and some trends in consumption, as shown by comparisons
columns do not include expenditures for current operation of the with earlier years.
farm machinery and equipment. '
The total United States consumption has been estimated anE 111-114. Commercial fertilizer consumption, decennial 185Gnually by the National Fertilizer Association for many years. The
1890, annual 1891-1945. SOURCES: Compiled by A. L. Mehring,
Fertilizer Review, vol. XXI, No.2, pp. 11-14, gives figures for conBureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering,
tinental United States by decades from 1880 to 1910, and annually
Department of Agriculture, from sources mentioned below and
from 1910 to 1945. For recent years the same issue of the Review
other data. Some of the data have been published in the Journal
gives figures for individual States and regions, and by type of
of the American Society of Agronomy, vol. 37, No.8, pp. 595:-609;
distribution.
the remainder were prepared in the manner there indicated.
The consumption of each kind of fertilizer material and the t.otal
The short ton and the calendar year are employed throughout
these series. The term commercial fertilizer as used here includes of all materials are given in the 1939 Yearbook of Commercial
any substance containing nitrogen (N), phosphorieacid (P 2 0 5 ), Fertilizer, pp.' 34-35, by decades from 1850 to 1920 and annually
potash (K 2 0), or any other recognized plant-food element or com- from 1925 to 1937. Similar data for the years 1938 to 1945 are
pound, such as lime (CaO), magnesia (MgO), boron (B), etc., presented in A,merican Fertilizer, vol. 106, No.5, pp. 7-9 (1947).
Consumption of plant nutrients is set forth on page 81 of U. S.
which is consumed' primarily for the purpose of supplying plant
food to crops, except unmanipulated manures. Thus barn- Department of Agriculture Misc. Pub. No. 586 for all years 1900 to
yard manures are excluded but dried animal manures sold com- 1944, inclusive. These figures are for the commercial distribution
mercially are included. Ground phosphate rock, gypsum, sulfur, only. Total consumption of nitrogen (N), phosphoric acid (P205),
borax, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, cottonseed and potash (K20) in agriculture is given by Mehring, Wallace, and
meal, dried blood, animal tankage, etc., are included when Drain in J0urnal of the American Society of Agronomy. vol. 37,
sold to farmers to be used as sources of plant food in promoting No.8, pp. 595-609. This article also includes data for each State
crop growth, but are excluded when sold as fungicides, animal and region, 1935 to 1944. A statistical analysis of fertilizer confeeds, or for any other purpose than as plant food. Limestone, sumption and prices was published by E. E. Vial in Cornell Univ.
dolomite, magnesia, etc., when used as components of mixed fer- Agr. Expt. Sta. Memoir, No. 119 (1928).
tilizers are included but when sold as soil amendments are exThe Department of Agriculture and N ationaJ Fertilizer Assocluded. By soil amendments is meant materials used to change the ciation (NFA) have made a number of surveys of fertilizer and
physical properties or the acidity of the soil rather than to supply plant food consumption for certain years which give considerably
plant food.
more detail than is normally available. The first of these was made
The method of calculating the tonnages of nitrogen, phosphoric by E. A. Goldenweiser for 1917 and 1918 and was published as
acid, and potash has been published in detail in U. S. Dept. Agr. Dept. Agr. Bul. No. 798, 29 pp. (1919). The next was prepared for
1925 by the National Fertilizer Association, but the results were
Cire. No. 315, p. 19 (1934).
The data include all commercial plant food. That means that never fully published. Joint surveys were made by the Dept. Agr.
they include the tonnage distributed by the Field Service Branch and the NFA for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1934, 1939, and
of the Production and Marketing Administration (formerly the 1943. These were published as special bulletins by the NFA. SurAgricultural Adjustment Agency and before then the Agricultural veys for 1941 and 1944 were published as U. S. Dept. Agr. Circular
No. 689, 55 pp. (1943), and No. 756, 28 pp. (1946).
Adjustment Administration) in its soil-building program and that
used by the Tennessee Valley Authority in test demonstrations.
E 115. Farmers' expenditures for fertilizer and lime, 1909-1945.
The figures also include the tonnages consumed in the territories.
SOURCE: Bureau of Agricultural Economics. For 1910-1939, see
Net Farm Income and Parity Report, 1943, July 1944, p.22 (procThe territories of Hawaii and Puerto Rico are in'Cluded because
they use relatively very large quantities of plant food and because essed); for 1940-1945, see Farm Income Situation, June 1946, p. 26
the preparation of a part of the data required the use of other (processed).
E i16. Lime consumed on farms, 1909-1945. SOURCE: Bureau of
basic figures that also include the territories. Other noncontiguous
territories such as Alaska do not use significant quantities, al- Agricultural Economics. For 1909-1928, see Income Parity for
though Alaska has recently started to use a few hundred tons Agriculture, part II, sec. 2, "Farmers' Expenditures for Fertilizer
annually. That the figures may be comparable throughout the and Agricultural Lime," October 1940; for 1929-1945, see Agritable, they include the consumption in Hawaii even before it was cultural Statistics, 1945, table 60, p. 465, and 1946, table 645, p. 594.
part of the United States. Puerto Rico began the use of comme,rcial This series associates two series not quite alike in coverage. For
fertilizer right after becoming a territory of the United States. 1929-1945 the tonnage is in terms of ground limestone, materials
83

Text: E116-149

AGRICULTURE

in other forms being converted to that basis, except for some


coarser materials used in Illinois. These figures were based on
surveys made by State agricultural college agronomists and include county surveys of producers and data from county extension agents and AAA offices, assembled by C. E. Carter of the
Production and Marketing Administration. The data for 1910,
1920, and 1925-28, however, were assembled by A. L. Mehring, of'
the Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering.
The intervening years were interpolated. Mehring's figures, with
the interpolations, have been carried through 1939 in the Bureau
of Agricultural Economics series Income Parity for Agricult'/l,re, pt.
I I, sec. 2. Hence, the figures given there for 1929-1939 differ from
those in this series. Lime used by fertilizer manufacturers in their
mixed goods is not included.

Livestock, Meat, Dairying, and Poultry:


SeriesE 117-180
LIVESTOCK (E 117-135)
E 117-135. Livestock: Number, value, production and prices,

1867-1945. SOURCE: See text for individual series which follow.


See also Bureau of the Census, United States Census of Agriculture:
1945, vol. II, which presents a complete history of the enumeration
of livestock and a discussion of the comparability from census to
census.
E 117, 119, 121, 123, 125. Number of livestock on farms, January 1, 1867-1945. SOURCE: For 1867-1919, see Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Livestock on Farms, January 1, 1867-1935,
January 1938; for 1920-1945, see Production and Marketing Administration, Livestock Market News, 1946, September 1947. These
estimates have been made by the Department of Agriculture since
1867. The early estimates were based on reports of field agents and
crop reporters giving their estimate of the percentage change in
numbers from the previous year. The Census Bureau furnished the
basic figures to which these percentage changes were applied over
10-year periods. This method was in general use until about 1920.
Since then annual estimates are based primarily on survey returns
from livestock producers, obtained largely in cooperati9n with the
Post Office Department through the rural carriers. Producers report on the number and different classes of livestock on their own
farms about December 1 each year. Records of livestock assessed
for taxation in the various States have furnished indications of the
annual percentage change in numbers; and records of marketings
and slaughter have been used both by States and for the United
States as check information on the inventory numbers.
Data from the Census of Agriculture have been used as periodic
"bench marks" for the January 1 estimates but over the entire
period there are few census years when the estimate for the census
year (made by the Department of Agriculture) and the census data
are in close agreement. There are various reasons for these differences. One of the main reasons is that there are only a few times
when the census was taken as of January 1. In years when the
census relates to a different date than January 1, adjustments are
made to determine a January 1 equivalent number. Over a period
of several years, ending in 1937, the Department of Agriculture
undertook a general revision of all of the estimates prior to 1920 to
correct for irregularities in the early series and to utilize more fully
the records of numbers assessed for taxation and other information
not considered in preparing the original estimates. A full description of the methods used and problems involved is contained in
Livestock on Farms, January 1, 1867-1935 (cited above).
E 118, 120, 122, 124, 126. Value per head of livestock on farms,
January 1, 1867-1945. SOURCE: Bureau of Agricultural Economics.
For 1867-1929, see Livestock on Farms, January 1,1867-1935, Jan.
1938; for 1930-1945, see Livestock on Farms, January 1, Feb. 18,
1947 (processed release). These data are based on values reported
by crop reporters for their locality about January 1 each year.
84

Prior to 1920, reporters gave a single estimate of the value per head
for a given species. Since 1920 the estimates of value per head are
weighted averages based on values per head reported separately for
the different age and sex classes of a given species-using as weights
the estimated number in the respective class.
E 127, 130, 132. Live weight production, 1909-1945. SOURCE:
Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Meat Animals, Farm Production
and Income, 1924-1944, Sept. 1947. Data for 1945 are from records
of BAE. Production in live weight relates to the total poundage
produced on farms and ranches during a calendar year. The estimate of production is derived by determining for each State a
balance sheet which shows as debit items the inventory at the
beginning of the year, the births, and inshipments, and as credit
items, the marketings, farm slaughter, death losses, and numbers
on hand at the end of the year. Estimates of average live weight
are based on reports from slaughterers, collected by the Department of Agriculture and Census of Manufactures, and on records
obtained from stockyards. In recent years, reports have been obtained from farmers as to the average weight of livestock slaughtered on farms. Earlier estimates were based on the average live
weight obtained from the other sources mentioned. The total live
weight for the beginning and for the end of the year is obtained
by multiplying estimates of the different age and sex classes for
a species by an estimate of their respective average live weight.
Live weight of marketings, farm slaughter, and inshipments is determined by mUltiplying the estimate for these items by the respective average live weight. To obtain production, the total
weight of inshipments is subtracted from the combined weight of
marketings and farm slaughter. Then the difference in the inventory weight between the beginning and end of the year is added
or subtracted as the case might be.
E 128, 129, 131, 133, 134. Prices received per hundred pounds
by farmers, 1910-1945. SOURCE: For 1924-1944, see Bureau of
Agricultural Economics, Meat Animals, Farm Production and Income, 1924-1944, Sept. 1947. For other years, data were obtained
from BAE records. The prices received by farmers for the different
meat animals represent the estimated average annual price per
hundred pounds. Price information is obtained from voluntary
price reporters who furnish average local market prices each month.
The estimates of monthly prices are weighted by monthly estimates
of marketings to obtain the annual average. The monthly marketings are based on reports from stockyards and packers on monthly
receipts of livestock by State of origin.
E 135. Total workstock, 2 years old and over, on farms, 19201945. SOURCE: For 1920-1929, data are from records of Bureau of
Agricultural Economics; for 1930-1939, see same agency, Agricultural Statistics, 1946, table 472, p. 364; for 1940-1945, see same
agency, Livestock and Poultry on Farms, January 1, Number, Value
Per Head, and Total Value, Revised Estimates 1940-1945, February
1947 (processed).

MEAT (E 136-151)
E 136-151. Meat slaughtering, production and price, 1899-1945.
SOURCE: Department of Agriculture, Production and Marketing
Administration, Livestock Market News, Statistics and Related Data,
1946, September 1947.
E 136-137, 140-141, 144-145, 148-149. Number of livestock
slaughtered, 1900-1945. SOURCE: See text for series E 136-151,
above. The number of livestock slaughtered under Federal inspection is compiled by the Bureau of Animal Industry in connection
with its regulatory functions relating to meat inspection. Total
slaughter includes Federally inspected slaughter and estimates of
all other slaughter which is classified in two categories, (1) other
wholesale and retail slaughter, and (2) farm slaughter. Federally
inspected slaughter includes animals condemned as unfit for human
food. Estimates of the number of animals slaughtered in other
wholesale and retail channels are based on reports from slaughter-

LIVESTOCK, MEAT, DAIRYING, AND POULTRY


ers who are not under Federal inspection and on other available
records of the movement and disappearance of livestock.
Before 1944, information on this class of slaughter was obtained
largely on an annual basis from various sources. Beginning in 1944,
information has been collected by months, first under the slaughter
control program of the War Food Administration, and later under
the 'slaughter and meat control programs of OPA. Estimates of
farm slaughter are based on voluntary reports from livestock producers who report annually on the number of animals of each
species slaughtered on their farms. The periodic enumerations of
farm slaughter by the Bureau of the Census are used as "bench
marks" for the farm slaughter estimates.

E 138, 142, 146, 150. Production of meat, dressed weight, 18991945. SOURCE: See text for E 136-151, above. Production of the
different kinds of meat are computed from estimated average live
weights and dressing yields, and except for pork the meat output is shown 011 a carcass weight basis. The pork production represents carcass weight excluding the raw fat rendered into lard.
The data on production under Federal inspection are prepared
by the Production and Marketing Administration of the Department of Agriculture, and are based on records of production and
yields reported monthly by slaughterers operating under Federal
inspection. Monthly estimates of production under Federal inspection are not available prior to 1921. Reports of the biennial
Census of Manufactures on slaughter were used as a basis for
annual production estimates for years for which they are available.
In other years the estimates were based on information obtained
from market records and other sources. Currently, information on
weights and yields for other wholesale and retail slaughter is
based on monthly reports from commercial slaughterers who are
not under Federal inspecti"on.
E 139, 143, 147, 151. Prices of livestock at Chicago, 1899-1945.
. SOURCE: See text for series E 136-151, above; see also the Drovers
Journal Yearbook of Figures, Chicago, and the earlier editions of
Livestock Market News for data for the early years. Prices of the
different species of livestock at Chicago for the early years are
from records published in the Drovers Journal Yearbook. Beginning
in 1922, the price of beef steers at Chicago is based on records of
all steers sold out of first hands for slaughter. The number of head,
live weight, and total value of steers, by grades, are compiled by
weeks. The annual prices represent the weighted average of all
grades of steers sold during the year for slaughter. Since 1919, the
average price for veal calves is based on the average of daily quotations. The average price of hogs at Chicago has been obtained
from different sources, also. Since 1920, the average price of hogs is
the weighted average of packer and shipper purchases at the Chicago market. Since 1921, the price of lambs at Chicago represents
an average computed from the bulk of sales price data. All price
data for Chicago shown in these series are prepared by the Production and Marketing Administration of the Department of Agriculture.
DAIRYING (E 152-170)
E 152-170. General note. Cows kept for milk and production
and prices of milk and milk products, 1849-1945. SOURCES: Bureau
of Agricultural Economics and Bureau of the Census records. In
general, the more recent years are from the BAE, and are either
complilations of production reported by dairy plants or estimates
based on data from various sources including the Census Bureau.
Early development of the dairy industry in the United States is
indicated by export statistics of 1790; which showed the New England States, New York, and Pennsylvania producing considerable
amounts of butter and cheese in excess of their consumption requirements. The growth and spread of the industry between that
time and 1849, when statistics on dairying were first available
through the national census, were described briefly in the Agriculture Yearbook, 1922, pp. 297-306. At the middle of the 19th

Text: E 136-153

century, milk cows were rather generally distributed over the eastern half of the United States as far west as southern Wisconsin,
eastern Iowa, western Missouri and Arkansas, and the eastern
third of Texas. By 1860 there were appreciable numbers of milk
cows in sections of the Pacific Coast States and in later years they
gradually spread over the intervening territory. Dairy products
sold by farmers in the early period were limited mainly to whole
milk, farm-made butter, and farm-made cheese.
Prior to 1850 dairy products were produced mainly on farms.
The 1849 census data on cheese production showed the bulk of this
product coming from farms in the area extending from northeastern Ohio eastward through New York and New England.
Factory cheese production was in an experimental stage shortly
before 1850, and made considerable progress during the next two
decades. Although some butter was made in early cheese plants,
the first commercial creamery was not established until 1861. Since
that time factories have largely supplanted farms in the production
of both cheese and butter. Farm cheese is now practically negligible and farm butter represents only about one-fifth of the total.
The first condensery was established in 1856, but little interest was
given the product until the Civil War. Unsweetened condensed
milk was first produced in this country in 1885. The canned unsweetened product, known in trade circles as evaporated milk, now
makes up about nine-tenths of all evaporated and condensed whole
milk. Ice cream was produced and sold by some retail stores in the
first halfo! the nineteenth century and wholesale plant distribution to dealers began about the middle of the century_ However,
most of the development of this industry has come in the last fifty
years.
E 152-153. Cows and heifers kept for milk, 1850-1945. SOURCE:
Bureau of Agricultural Economics. For 1867-1929, see Agricultural
Statistics, 1941; for 1930-1939, see Agricultural Statistics, 1946; for
1940-1945, see Livestock and Poultry on Farms, January 1, Number,
Value Per Head, and Total Value, Revised Estimates 191rO-1945,
February 1947 (processed). RAE estimates also appear in the
report Livestock on Farms, January 1, issued in mid-February each
year. A summary and discussion of estimates over the 1867-1935
period is given in Livestock on Farms, January 1, 1867-1935, January 1938. Census data for 1850 to 1920 appear in Bureau of the
Census, Sixteenth Census Reports, Agriculture, vol. III, pp. 606607, and for 1925 to 1945 in Census of Agriculture: 19J,.5, vol. II,
p.381.
From 1867 through 1945, the BAE data represent estimates of
the number of cows and heifers 2 years old and over. The estimates are based on interpretation of data obtained in periodic
enumerations of cow numbers by the Census of Agriculture (conducted by the Bureau of the Census), tax assessors, and other.
State agencies, together with the analysis of changes taking place
in herds kept by a large sample of livestock reporters. Along with
the annual estimates are shown the data on milk cow numbers
obtained in the Censuses of Agriculture over the period. The wording of the census questions has not necessarily been comparable
with the definitions represented by the estimates and has varied
somewhat from one census enumeration to another. The census
figures shown in each period represent the following classifications:
For 1945, 1940, 1935, 1930 and 1925, cows milked during the previous calendar year (the 1945,1935, and 1925 censuses were taken
as of January 1, and those of 1940 and 1930 as of April 1); for 1920,
dairy cows and heifers 2 years old and over, January 1; for 1910,
an estimate of cows and heifers 2 years old and over, January 1,
based on the Apri115, 1910, enumeration of 20,625,000 cows and
heifers kept for milk born before January 1, 1909; for 1900, cows
kept for milk 2 years of age and over as of June 1, 1900; for 1890,
1880, 1807, 1860, 1850, mHch cows (with no specific age designated)
recorded as of June 1.
.The data on value per head of cows and heifers kept for milk
85

Text: E 152-164

AGRICULTURE

markets during the 1879-1919 period and on factory production


as reported by the Bureau of Agricultural Economics during the
1919-29 period.
E 154. Milk production on farms, decennial 1889-1919, annual
Figures for total butter since 1924 represent the sum of the.
1924-1945. SOURCE: Bureau of Agricultural Economics and Bureau of the Census. For 1924-1945, see Bureau of Agricultural figures for the production of both farm butter and factory butter.
Economics, Farm Production, Disposition, and Income from Milk, Annual figures on total butter production forintercensal years
by States, 1946-47 (mimeographed). Beginning in 1924, the series before 1924 were interpolated on the basis of market receipts. As
represent estimates of calendar-year totals prepared by the Bureau interpolations of total butter and factory butter were made indeof Agricultural Economics. The estimates are based on interpreta- pendently, and no attempt was made to estimate farm butter as a
tions of periodic census enumerations, analysis of annual and separate product, data on farm butter production for intercensal
monthly survey data on milk cows and milk production, and checks years prior to 1924 are not shown separately.
E 159-160. Cheese production, 1849-1945. SOURCE: See text for
against information regarding milk utilization obtained from dairy
plants and other sources. For 1919 and earlier years, the data are series E 156-162, above. Total cheese production as shown here
those' of the Census Bureau based on its decennial agricultural includes both factory production, shown separateiy, and farm procensus, and converted from gallons to pounds by use of a con- duction. Since 1926, it has been assumed that farm cheese was
version factor of 8.6 pounds per gallon. For 1889, the census totals negligible, so factory production and total production are given as
are the reported figures. For 1899 they include estimates for in- the same.
complete reports and for 1909 and 1919 include estimates of proData from 1930 to date represent totals of the plant enumerduction on farms that reported milk cows, but failed to report milk ation by the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, of all types of
produced. The 1889 and 1899 data were enumerated as of June the cheese manufactured except cottage, pot, or bakers' cheese. For
following year, the 1909 data as of April 15, 1910, and the 1919 the years 1919, 1909, 1889, 1879, 1869, 1859, and 1849 the producdata as of January 1, 1920.
tion figures for total cheese are those reported by the Census
E 155. Whole milk sold from farms, decennial 1869-1919, an- Bureau. For 1889, the census'data were revised upward to allow
nual 1924-1945. SOURCE: See source cited for series E 154, above. for incompleteness of the census enumeration. Estimates of total
Beginning in 1924, the figures are estimates prepared by the Bu- cheese production for the intercensal years 1869-99 were interporeau of Agricultural Economics. These' are based on analysis of lated on the basis of market receipts.
periodic Census enumerations and on survey data obtained from
Data on factory production of cheese for 1929,1927, 1925, 1921,
farmers on milk disposition and on dairy-plant records of milk re- 1914, and 1904 are those reported by the Census of Manufactures.
ceived and production of manufactured dairy products made pri- Factory production of cheese for the intercensal years 1869-:-1919
marily from milk, together with indicated levels of fluid milk was interpolated on the basis of market receipts and for the interconsumption. The data shown include both milk sold to plants and censal years 1919....;29 and for 1923 on the basis of factory producdealers and milk retailed by farmers directly to consumers. The tion reported by the Bureau of Agricultural Economics. Production
data for 1919 and earlier years are from the Cepsus of Agriculture of .farm cheese for the intercensal years 1899-1927 were roughly
conducted by the Bureau of the Census.
projected on the basis of average change between census years and
E 156-162. Production of dairy products, 1849-1945. SOURCE: added to the factory product to obtain total cheese figures.
For 1849-1929, see E. E. Vial, cited below; for 1930-1945, see BuE 161. Evaporated and condensed milk production, decennial
reau of Agricultural Economics, Production of Manufactured Dairy 1869-1899, annual 1900-1945. SOURCE: See text for series E156Products, 1945, March 1947. For 1930-1945, data are totals ob- 162, above. Data on evaporated and condensed milk from 1919 to
tained by the Bureau of Agricultural Economics in its annual enum- date are totals of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics plant
eration of output of dairy manufacturing plants. For the years enumeration. Products included are evaporated milk, bulk unbefore 1930, the level of the figures is based mainly on the Census sweetened condensed whole milk, and case and bulk sweetened
Bureau's enumeration of the output of dairy plants with interven- condensed whole milk. Production for the years 1914, 1909, 1904,
ing years having been interpolated for some products. The inter- 1899, and 1879 are the totals reported by the U. S. Census relating
polation methods are fully discussed in Vial, E. E., Production and to the production of all condensed and evaporated milk. For 1889,
Consumption of Manufactured Dairy Products, Department of Agri- the census data were revised upward to allow for incompleteness
culture Technical Bulletin 722, April 1940. For additional infor- of enumeration. Data for 1869 are estimated, and for the nonmation see text for individual series below.
census years before 1919 represent an estimated trend of proE 156-158. Butter production, 1849-1945. SOURCE: Series E 156- duction based on intervening census data.
157: See text for series E 156-162. Series E 158: For 1849-1924, see
E 162. Ice cream production, decennial and quinquennial 1859Bureau of the Census, Sixteenth Census Reports, Agriculture, vol.
1919, annual 1920-1945. SOURCE: See text for series E 156-162.
III, pp. 606-607; for 1925-1945, see Bureau of Agricultural Econ- Data for 1930 and later years are total ice cream production, as
omics, Farm Production, Disposition, and Income From Milk, by reported by the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, based on its
States, 1946-47 (mimeographed). Farm butter production data for plant' enumeration. For the period 1919-1929 the data are estithe census years from 1849 through 1939 were obtained from the mates based on the Bureau of Agricultural Economics reported
Census of Agriculture enumeration. For years other than census figures adjusted upward to allow for incompleteness of enumeryears in the 1924-1945 period, the data represent estimates of the ation; For 1914, data were estimated from the Census of ManuBureau of Agricultural Economics based on production reported factures. For 1909 and earlier years, the data represent merely an
estimated trend of production.
by a sample group of farmers.
Factory-butter figures from 1930 to date are for production of
E' 163-164. Milk equivalent of manufactured dairy products,
creamery butter as enumerated by the Bureau of Agricultural 1849-1945. SOURCE: For series E 163, see text for series E 156-162.
Economics. Figures for factory production for 1929, 1927, 1925, For series E 164, data are from records of Bureau of Agricultural
1923, 1921, 1919, 1914, 1909, 1904, 1899, 1879, 1869, 1859, and Economics. Two series of milk equivalent figures for manufactured
1849 are from the Census of Manufactures, conducted by the products are shown here. The series of milk equivalents prior to
Bureau of the Census. The 1889 census data were revised upward 1930 (series E 163) is based on national production of manufactured
to allow for incompleteness of the census enumeration. Annual dairy products converted to milk equivalent on the basis of somefigures on factory-butter production for the intercensal years were what less refined conversion factors than those used for series E 164.
interpolated on the basis of receipts of butter at major central As such, they include no allowance for shifts in production between
are based on average prices for this type of animal reported by a
group of farmers for their localities on January 1 each year.

86

LIVESTOCK, MEAT, DAIRYING, AND POULTRY


areas of high- or low-testing milk, and assume standard butterfat
content of the products over the series of years.
From 1930 through 1945 data were computed on a State basis
(series E 164), utilizing information on quantities of products
made in each State and State conversion factors for each product.
These data include the milk equivalent of farm butter. Duplications of milk usage involving the production of butter from whey
fat recovered from cheese making, and. the use of butter and condensed milk in the production of ice cream, were eliminated. One
year's overlap is shown to indicate the relative level of the two
series.
E 165-166. Wholesale prices, cheese and butter, 1830-1945.
SOURCE: Data are from records of Bureau of Agricultural Economics. The wholesale prices of cheese (series E 165) represent
averages of weekly quotations on American twins on the Wisconsin
cheese exchange at Plymouth. Before 1900, annual averages for
this series were not aVl:tilable and the data shown represent prices
for the month of September. The wholesale price of butter (series
E 166) is that for the New York City market. Over the period of
years since 1830, the data shown differ somewhat as to definition
and source, as outlined in the tabular footnotes.
E 167-170. Prices received by farmers for dairy products, 19091945. SOURCE: Department of Agriculture. For 1909-1929, see
Crops and Markets, April 1946, p. 96; for 1930-1945, see Agricultural Statistics, 1946. Prices received by farmers for butter,
butterfat, wholesale milk, and retail milk are estimates prepared
by the Bureau of Agricultural Economics. They are based on
averages of survey data reported by dealers and farmers for their
local market areas. Prices of butterfat (series E 168) represent the
butterfat in farm skimmed cream sold by farmers. As survey information on this item was not collected before 1920, estimates for
this period were extrapolated on the basis of trend in butter prices
during this period.
Wholesale milk prices (series E 169) are for milk sold by farmers
to plants ~nd dealers including such establishments as cheese factories, condenseries, creameries, or market milk plants. In obtaining survey data on wholesale milk prices,prior to 1923, prices
were asked on a per gallon basis and since that time in terms of
price per 100 pounds. Additional historic information on wholesale milk-price series was collected by direct plant contacts during
the middle 1930's when the State estimates were revised. A discussion of this series' may be found in Johnson, R. E., Wholesale
Prices Received by Farmers for Whole Milk, 1909-36, mimeograph
publication, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Agricultural Economics, February 1937.
Retail milk prices (series E 170) represent the milk retailed by
farmers directly to consumers. Before 1923 survey information
was collected on a price per gallon rather than per quart basis.
Some of the increase in price between 1909 and 1945 probably represents additional services rendered in process of distributing the
milk. A more detailed description of the price series on butter,
butterfat, and retail milk will be found in Hale, R. F., and Shepard,
J. B., United States Average Farm Prices of Dairy Products, 191034, mimeograph pUblication, Department of Agriculture, Bureau
of Agricultural Economics, June 1934.

POULTRY AND EGGS (E 171-180)


E 171-180. Poultry and eggs: Number, value and price, 19091945. SOURCE: Bureau of Agricultural Economics. For 1909-1939,
see Agricultural Statistics, 1942, tables 645, 646, 665, 669, 672; for
1940-1944, see release series on Farm Production, Disposition,
Cash Receipts, and Gross Income, "Chickens and Eggs, 1940-1944"
(revised estimates), and ~'Turkeys, 1940-1944" (revised estimates),
April 1947 (mimeographed); for 1945 data, see same release series,
"Chickens and Eggs, 1945-1946," and "Turkeys, 1945-1946." The
estimates shown are believed to indicate, within reasonable limits
of accuracy, the actual number of farm chickens and turkeys; the

Text: E 163-179

production of chickens, turkeys, and eggs; and, with greater accuracy, the direction and extent of the changes from year to year.
Complete surveys of the hatchery industry are made every year
in some States and every few years in all States. Monthly estimates
of the production of baby chicks, based on returns from 15 to 25
percent of total hatchery capacity, are also made. These figures of
hatchery output together with a determination annually of the
proportion of all farm chicks that came from hatcheries, give a
dependable check on the actual level of chicken and turkey production and on the trend from year to year indicated by sample
flocks.
E 171, 177. Number of poultry on farms, Jan. I. SOURCE: See
text for series E 171-180, above. For census data on chickens, see
Bureau of the Census, Census oj Agriculture: 1945, vol. II, pp.
406-407; for census data on turkeys, s@e Sixteenth Census Re~
ports, Agriculture, Special Poultry Report, p. 46. Estimates of in~
ventory numbers of chickens on farms January 1 (series E 171)
are based primarily upon the census enumerations .. These enumerations from 1910 to 1945 were adjusted for changes between
January 1 and the average date of enumeration in each State, and
cover only farm flocks as defined and enumerated by the Census
Bureau. Estimates of change in numbers from year to year are
based on rural carrier surveys made in December of each year,
covering about 150,000 livestock farms, and on changes in flocks
belonging to about 25,000 crop reporters. Although census enumerations of chickens on farms were made as of June 1, 1880, 1890,
and 1900 (see source cited above), the Department of Agriculture
did not make annual estimates of chickens on farms until 1909
because data showing annual changes prior to that date were not
available.
Estimates of inventory numbers of turkeys on farms January 1
(series E 177) are based primarily upon the census enumerations
of turkeys on farms January 1, 1935, and April 1, 1940, adjusted
for changes in numbers between January 1 and the date of enum. eration. In 1945, however, the census enumeration did not include
turkeys on farms. The estimates of turkeys on farms January 1,
1945, were derived from the relationship between turkeys raised
in 1944 and the number on hand January 1, 1945, as reported on
January 1 by crop and livestock reporters, using as a base the revised estimates of turkeys raised in 1944 based on the census
enumeration. Annual changes in the estimates for intervening
years are based mainly on the numbers on hand as reported on
January 1 by crop and livestock reporters. Although the Census
Bureau enumerated turkeys on farms as of June 1, 1890 and 1900,
April 15, 1910, and January 1, 1920 (for 1890 and 1900 data, see
source cited above), the Department of Agriculture did not make
annual United States estimates of turkeys on farms for years prior
to 1929 because data showing anImal changes before that date
were not available.
E 173, 175, 179. Poultry and eggs produced on farms. SOURCE:
See text for series E 171-180, above. Estimates of chickens (series
E 173) and of turkeys (series E 179) produced on farms represent
the net annual farm production computed from the number raised
during the year, minus the death loss of chickens and of turkeys
that were on hand at the beginning of the year. Young chickens and
young turkeys of the current year's hatchings that die are not included in the number of chickens or turkeys raised.

Egg production (series E 175) is estimated from returns from


about 25,000 crop respondents reporting on the first of each
month for their own flocks the number of layers on hand and the
eggs produced yesterday. Beginning with the estimated total number of layers on farms at the beginning of the year the change in
numbers from month to month is estimated from the changes
shown by reports from these survey farms. Revisions in the monthly average number of layers and total egg production are made at
the end of the year if the change in number of layers shown by an
annual survey with about 150,000 returns differ from the change
87

Text: E 172-185

AGRICULTURE

in the number of layers estimated during the year from monthly processors, from transportation and storage facilities, from buyers
of farm products, from annual State farm enumerations, from
returns.
E 172, 174, 176, 178, 180. Value and prices ofpouItry and eggs. variou~ farm programs, and from other governmental agencies
SOURCE: See text for series E 171-180, above. For census data, see such as the Bureau of the Census, the Bureau of InternaJ Revenue,
1945 source cited in text for series E 171, 177, above. The values and the Customs Office.
per head of chickens and turkeys on hand January 1 (series E 172,
Season average prices for each State are averages of the mid178) are estimated from the values reported by crop respondents. month prices weighted by the quantity sold each month in the
The average price per pound of chickens and turkeys live weight crop-marketing season. The crop-marketing season is the 12-month
(series E 174, 180) and per dozen of eggs sold (series E 176) are' period following the harvesting of the crop. It may vary for differcomputed from monthly local market prices, and the estimated ent .crops, and for any crop it may vary by States. The season
quantities sold each month.
average price of any crop, as presented in this volume, is the average
of all the State prices, weighted by the production of each State.
Crop Statistics: Series E 181-243
Thus it may be applied to production in any given year to obtain
E 181-243. General note. Crop statistics, 1790-1945. For sources a measure of the value of that production. State season average
prices may be weighted by quantities sold in each State to obtain
and notes, see text for the specific series.
Estimates of acreage, yield, production, disposition, stocks, and an average for the United States which m~y be applied to total
prices of principal agricultural commodities are among the series quantities sold in the United States to measure value of sales in
of statistics prepared and published by the Crop Reporting Board the crop season. In neither case, however, should the computed
of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics. For many of these crops, . value be confused with calendar-year income from the crop. Estiestimates of acreage, production, and prices are available begin- mates of quantity sold are based upon reports of receipts each
ning with 1866, the year in which regular reports were begun in month by the chief purchasers of the commodity-in the case of
the Department of Agriculture. A vast amount of such information grains, the interior mills and elevators
Mid-month prices as estimated by the Crop Reporting Board
is available for individual States and for the United States, for all
major crops and most of the minor crops produced in this country, are based upon reports from thousands of firms dealing directly
for periods of varying length. Of these many series only acreage, with farmers (such as elevators, truckers, processors, produce
production, and price for the United States are presented here for dealers, etc.) and from farmers themselves, all reporting prices
corn, wheat, hay, oats, barley, flaxseed, soybeans, cotton and received by farmers for their products. Such reports are issued
cottonseed, together with farm stocks of corn and wheat and the monthly for the principal farm commodities in Ag'ricultural Prices.
carry-over stocks of cotton in all positions. Statistics on sugar and Season average prices for each State and the United States appear
in various issues of these monthly reports and are all summed. up
tobacco crops are not included in this edition.
Data more detailed than are carried in this volume are readily in a December issue of Agricultural Prices and again in the report
available in various publications of the Department of Agriculture entitled Farm Production, Farm Disposition and Value of Princiand the Bureau of the Census. The annual publication, Agricultural pal Crops, issued each May. This series of season average prices
Statistics, particularly the issues of 1941 and 1946, presents most of begins for most commodities in 1908, but is supplemented for prethe available statistics, chiefly on a national basis, covering every ceding years by a series reported by farmers on December 1, repphase, from acreage and production of individual commodities to resenting their estimate of average prices for the seasonts sales, and
utilization and consumption. Forecasts for the current season, be- usually referred to as the December 1 price series. The two series
ginning with the Prospective Acreage report in March and carry- overlap for a space of years sufficient to indicate that a close
ing through the growing season, are presented monthly in the relation exists between them.
Crop statistics data shown here are the most recently revised
mimeographed publication of the Crop Reporting Board entitled
Crop Production. A summary for the current season, revisions for data available at this time (June 1947). Insofar as possible, the
the previous season, and comparisons with previous years, appear sources indicated below for particular series refer to published main the December issue. Both the forecasts and the summary are terial. In some instances, however, the data shown have not as yet.
prepared on a State basis and for the United States. These data been published. In all cases, the user is cautioned to note carefully
also appear in the Department organ, Crops and Markets. Other the time periods indicated in connection with each source. The
releases by the Crop Reporting Board present mid-month and more current sources cited very frequently make obsolete only
season average prices received by farmers, value of sales and pro- part of a series shown in an earlier source.
duction, farm disposition, monthly sales, stocks in all positions,
and numerous other phases connected with the various comCORN AND WHEAT (E 181-195)
modities. Periodically, revisions have been published for a relaE 181-185. Corn acreage, production, prices, and stocks, 1839tively short period 'of the more recent years, thus connecting
1945. SOURCE: Bureau of Agricultural Economics. Series E 181currently published data with the longer historical series. The
182: For 1866-1928, see Agricultural Statistics, 1941; for 1929most recent of these was issued in April 1947.
1938, see Agricultural Statistics, 1946; for 1939-1944, see Field and
Information from the Censuses of Agriculture, conducted by Seed Crops, Acreage, Yield, and' Production (Revised Estimates,
the Bureau of the Census, beginning with the crop year 1849, is 1939-1944), April 1947 (processed); for 1945, see Crop Production,
included in these series and shown in italics. Detailed reports and 1946 Annual Summary, December 1946. For Census data, see Bureports for counties are available from these censuses. In many reau of the Census, Census of Agriculture: 1945, vol. II, p. 424.
instances census data are not entirely comparable with the esti- Series E 183: For 1908-1928, data are from records of BAE; for
mates shown, but have furnished bench marks in establishing the 1929-1942, see Agricultural Statistics, 1946; for 1943-1945, see
level of the estimates. For years prior to 1866 information from Agricultural Prices, 1944, 1945, 1946, released December of each
trade sources is available for some crops, such as cotton, tobacco, year (processed). Series E 184: For 1866-1907, see Agricultural
and rice.
Statistics, 1941; for 1908-1927, data are from records of BAE.
In preparing estimates such as those carried in this volume, .the Series E 185: For 1926-1939, see Corn: Revised Estimates of Stocks
Crop Reporting Board of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics on Farms, 1926-1941, April 1943 (processed); for 1940-1945, see
uses every available source of information. Chief reliance is placed Revised Estimates of Stocks on Farms, July 1947 (processed). For
upon reports received from volunteer farmer-reporters represent- additional information for series E 181-185, see general note for
ing every part of every State. Check information is gathered from series E 181-243, above.
88

Text: E 181-216

CROP STATISTICS
Corn for all purposes includes not only the production of corn
on the acreage harvested for grain, but also an allowance for that
harvested for silage, for forage, including some harvested by grazing farm animals, commonly called hogging off. Estimates of acreage harvested for grain, for silage, and for forage including that
hogged off, and production of corn for grain and tons of silage are
published by the Crop Reporting Board .. The census data included
here for acres harvested are not comparable with the production
for 1924 through 1939, in that while the acreage harvested is for
all purposes, the production is for grain only. The census figures on
both acreage and production for 1919 and previous years represent
amount harvested for grain only.
The crop-marketing season for corn in most States is October 1
to September 30; in Texas, August 1 to July 31; in Florida, Louisiana, and Oklahoma, September 1 to August 31.
Farm stocks (series E 185) have been estimated, by States quarterly since 1926 by the Crop Reporting Board, based upon a large
number of reports from individual farms. The United States total
stocks on October 1 are shown here as they represent the farm
carry-over for crops of previous years which becomes a part of the
feed supply for the new season when added to the new crop of
corn. In addition to farm stocks of corn, stocks in all off-farm
positions have been compiled by the Crop Reporting Board since
Apri11943. Comparison with the farm stocks data indicates that
the bulk of carry-over stocks of corn on October 1 of any year is
still on farms.
E 186-195. Wheat acreage, production,prices, and stock, 18391945. SOURCE: Bureau of Agricultural EconomIcs. Series E 186-187: See source cited for series E 181:"'182, above. Series E 188: For
1908-1929, see Agricultural Statistics, 1941; for 1930-1942, see
Agricultural Statistics, 1946; for 1943-1945 ,see Agricultural Prices,
1944, 1945, 1946, released December of each year (processed).
Series E 189: See source cited for series E 184, above. Series E 190:
For 1926-1939, see Stocks of Wheat on Farms, revised estimates,
1926-1941, February 1943 (processed); for 1940-1945, see Revised
Estimates of Stocks on Farms, July 1947 (processed). Series E 191"':'
195: For 1926-1929, see Agricultural Statistics, 1941; for 19301945, see Agricultural Statistics, 1946. For additional information
for series E 186-195, see general note for series R 181-243, above.
The statistics for all wheat are the combined estimates for winter, durum, and other spring wheat, harvested for grain. Separate
series for each of these kinds are published by the Crop Reporting
Board, also a breakdown by market classes. The census data on
acreage and production are regarded as comparable with the estimates in most cases. The part of the wheat acreage that is harvested for hay is not included in these series of estimates.
The crop-marketing season for wheat in most States is July 1 to
June 80; but for Kansas, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia,
Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Arizona, and Texas the season is June 1 to May 81.
Farm stocks of all wheat have been estimated by States quarterly since 1926, based upon a large number of reports from individual farmers. The series presented here (series E 190) are the
United States totals for July'1, representing the farm carry-over
from previous crops at the beginning of a new crop year. The
carry-over added to the new crop thus is the supply for the new
season. Stocks in interior mills, elevators, and warehouses on July 1
(series E 192) have been estimated by the Crop Reporting Board
since 1919 and stocks in other commercial-storages have been
gathered by other agencies for varying periods.
OATS, BARLEY, FLAXSEED, SOYBEANS (E 196--210)
E 196-199. Oats for grain: Acreage, production, and price, 18391945. SOURCE: Series E 196-197: See sourcecited for series E 181182, above. Series E 198: For 1908-1928, see Agricultural Statistics,
1941; for 1929-1945, see 'Agricultural Statistics, 1946. Series E 199:
748706-49-7

See source cited for series E 184, above. For additional information
for series E 196-199, see generalnotefor series E 181-243, above.
Oats for grain as estimated includes the acreage cut ripe and fed
unthreshed. Oats cut green for hay are not .included in this harvested acreage. Census data shown in italics are not comparable
with the estimates, as they include only the acreage and production
threshed. Data regarding farm stocks and stocks in off-farm positions are available in publications of the Crop Reporting Board.
E 200-203. Barley for grain:. Acreage, production, and price,
1839-1945. SOURCE: Series E 200-201: See source cited for series
E 181-182, above. Series E 202: See source cited for series E 198,
above. Series E 203: See source cited for series E 184, above. For
additional information for series E200-203, see general note for
series E 181-243, above. The estimates of barley acreage and pro- .
duction and the census data in italics are on a comparable basis,
representing the acreage and production of barley for grain. That
cut for hay is not included in this series. Farm-stocks data are available for a relatively short period and stocks in off-farm positions
have been compiled only since Apri11943.
E 204-207. Flaxseed acreage, production, and price, 1849-1945.
SOURCE: Bureau of Agricultural Economics. Series E 204-205: See
source cited for series E 181-182; except for series E 205, for 18661888, see Revised Estimates of Flaxseed Production, 1866....:1929, July
1936 (processed). SeriesE206: For 1908-:J.928, see AgriculturalStatistics; 1941;for1929-1945,see Agricultural Statistics, 1946. SeriesE207:
For 1902-1907, see Agricultural Statistics, 1941; for 1908..,.1927,
data are from records of BAE. For additional information for series
E 204-207, see general note for series E 181-243. The series .of
acreage, production, and prices for flaxseed are available in publications of the Crop Reporting Board. The census data shown are
on a comparable basis. Flax grown for fiber is not included in the
acreage estimates, nor'is the flaxseed deseeded from fiber fiax included in the production estimates. Estimates for fiber flax are
available in the various publications of the Crop Reporting Board,
however. The price series is relatively short, with the December 1
series available only from'1902 ..
E 208-210. Soybeans for beans, acreage, production, and price,
1924-1945. SOURCE: Series E 208-209: See source cited for series
E 181-182. Series E 210: See source cited for series E 206. For additional information for series E 208-210, see general note for series
E 181-243, above. A relatively short series of estimates, of the
acreage, production, and prices of soybeans for beans is available.
The acreage grown for all purposes, alone and interplanted, and
acreage and production of soybeans for hay, are also estimated by
the Crop Reporting Board. The prices presented are the current
series of season average prices prepared by weighting the midmonth prices received by farmers.

HAY AND COTTON (Ell 2-224)

E 211-216. Hay acreage, production

and price, 1866-1945.


SOURCE: Bureau of Agricultural Economics. Series E 211: For
1909-1928, see Agricultural Statistics, 1941 (data for E 211 obtained
by adding data for wild hay shown in this source to data for tame
hay, E 212); for 1929-1934, see Agricultural Statistics, 1946; for
1935-1945, see Field and Seed Crops, Acreage Yield and Production
(Revised Estimates, 1939-1944), April 1947 (processed). Series E
212,214: For 1866-1928, see Agricultural Statistics, 1941; for 19291938, see Agricultural Statistics, 1946. Series E 213: For 1909-1928,
see Farm Production, Farm Disposition, and Value of Hay, 19091941, September 1944 (processed); for 1929-1945, see source cited
for series E 211. Series E 215: For 1909-1928, data' are from records
of BAE; for 1929-1945, see Agricultural Statistics, 1946. Series E
216: For 1866-1928, see Agricultural Statistics, 1941; for 19291938, data are from records of BAE. For additional information for
series E 211-216, see general note for series E 181-243, above. The
. series for tame hay, beginning 1866, was discontinued with the 1939
estimates. The series for all hay began in 1909 and continues cur-

89

,~

Text: E 211-243

AGRICULTURE

rently. Census enumeration data are comparable 'with the series


with which they are included. Farm stocks of hay are estimated, as
of January 1 and May 1 of each year, by the Crop Reporting Board,
and are published in <?rop Production.
The price series shown in the table for all tame hay is the December 1 series throughout, but that for all hay is the season
average of the mid-month price throughout. The latter series is
being continued currently.
E 217-224. Cotton and cottonseed: Acreage, production, prices
and stocks, 1790-1945. SOURCE: Series E 217: For 1866-1928, see
Agricultural Statistics, 1941; for 1929-1942, see Agricultural Statistics, 1946; for 1943-1945, see BAE, Cotton Report, Dec. 1, 1946
(processed). For census data, see Bureau of the Census, Census of
Agriculture: 1945, vol. II, p. 428. Series E 218: For 1790-1898, see
Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Statistics, Circular 32,1912;
for 1899-1928, see Agricultural Statistics, 1941; for 1929-1945, see
Agricultural Statistics, 1946. For census data, see Bureau of the
Census, Census of Agriculture: 1945, vol. II, p. 428. Series E 219:
See source cited for series E 198. Series E 220: For 1869-1875, see
Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Statistics, Circular 32, 1912;
for 1876-1907, see Agricultural Statistics, 1941; for 1908-1927, data
are from records of BAE. Series E 221: For 1906-1939, see Agricultural Statistics, 1941; for 1940-1945, see Agricultural Statistics,
1946. Series E 222: For 19Q9-1927, see Agricultural Statistics, 1941;
for 1928-1944, see BAE, Farm Production, Farm Disposition, and
Value of Cotton and Cottonseed, October 1945 (processed); for 1945,
see Agricultural Statistics, 1946. Series E 223: For 1909-1927, see
BAE, Cotton Acreage, Yield and Production, 1866-1938, Sept. 1940
(processed); for 1928-1945, see source cited for series E 222. Series
E 224: Data are from records of BAE. For additional information
for series E 217-224, see general note for series E 181-243, above.
Bureau of the Census farm enumeration data on acreage and
production for census years are shown in italics. The production,
shown in running bales, is not comparable with annual production
estimates shown in 500-pound gross-weight bales. The net weight
per running bale varies from 383 pounds in 1839, the first census
period, to 496.1 pounds in 1944, the most recent census year.

Cotton production estimates are defined by statute as cotton


actually ginned. From 1913 to 1924 annual ginnings as published
by the Bureau of the Census included some cotton produced in
Lower California and Mexico and ginned in California. Although
this cotton was ginned in this country, it is not included in the production of the United States. For those years, cotton ginned in
the United States exceeds production by the quantity of the crossborder movement of seed cotton into this country. For all other
years beginning in 1899, production of cotton is the quantity of
census ginnings by States adjusted for cross-State movement of
seed cotton and rounded to thousands of bales. The rounded
State-production estimates are added, to obtain the production
for the United States. Adding the rounded State totals has resulted in a United States production that differs slightly from the
census report on ginnings, but the difference is inconsequential.
Before 1899 the total production was compiled from various
current sources including exports and imports, rail and water
shipments, mill receipts, etc., together with the decennial enumerations of the Bureau of the Census. These production estimates
are the same as published August 15,1912, in Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Statistics Circular 32, except for minor adjustments caused by rounding State estimates.
Stocks on August 1 of the crop-year (series E 221) are given in
running bales, except that any small quantity of foreign cotton
which is included is in equivalent 500-pound gross-weight bales.
Previous to 1914 stocks areas of September 1. Data on stocks'
shown for the years beginning with 1923 were compiled by the
Bllreau of the Census. Stocks for years before 1923 are from the'
New York Cotton Exchange Service.
90

Cottonseed production (series E 222) beginning in 1928 is computed from net lint production using ratios of cottonseed to cotton
lint as estimated from survey data collected from cotton ginners.
For the years 1927 back to 1866 a uniform ratio of 65 pounds of
cottonseed for each 35 pounds of net lint was used in computing
cottonseed production.
The season average prices from 1908 to date for both cotton and
cottonseed (series E 219 and 223) are the weighted averages of midmonth prices. For years before 1908 the price series for cotto,n
(series E 220) is the judgment price for the season as reported by
farmers on December 1. Cottonseed prices are not available for
the years before 1909. In order that comparisons of the price
series may be made, the December prices for 20 years in which
the two series overlap are shown.
The crop-marketing season for both cotton and cottonseed is
August l'to July 31 for all States except Texas where the marketing season begins about mid-JUly.
FRUITS

AND

VEGETABLES (E 225-243)

E 225-230. Irish and sweetpotatoes, acreage, production and


price, 1849-1945. SOURCE: Bureau of Agricultural Economics and
Bureau of the Census. For census data, see Census of Agriculture:
1945, vol. II, pp. 519~521. Series E 225, 228, 229: For 1866-1928,
see Agricultural Statistics, 1941; for 1929-1938, see Agricultural
Statistics, 1946;for 1939-1945, see Crop Production, 191/1 Annual
Summary, December 1947. Series E 226: For 1866-1944,8ee source
cited for series E 225; for 1945, see Crops and Markets, 1947. Series
E 227, 230: For 1866-1938, see source cited for series E 225; for
1939-1944, see Prices Received by Farmers for Crops, Livestock, and
Livestock Pro{/,ucts, 1909-45 (revised reprint from Crops and Markets), 1946; for 1945, see Season Average Prices and Value of Production, Principal Crops, 1945-46, by States (mimeographed), Dec.
17, 1946. For additional information for series E 225-230, see general note for series E 181-243, above.
E 231-243. Fruit production and prices, 1889-1945. SOURCE:
Bureau of Agricultural Economics and Bureau of the Census.
For census data, see Census of Agriculture: 1945, vol. II, p. 534.
Series E 231-239: For 1889-1944, see Production, Farm Disposition,
Value, and Utilization of Sales, 1889 to 1944 (in press); for 1945,
see same, 1945 to 1947 (in press). Series E 240-243: For 1909-1939,
see Citrus Fruits-Production, Farm Disposition, Value, and Utilization of Sales, Crop Seasons 1909-10 to 1943-44 (mimeographed),
October 1945; for 1940-1945, see same, Crop Seasons 1940-41 to
1946-47 (mimeographed), October 1947. For additional information
for series E 231-243, see general note for series E 181-243, above.
Estimates of fruit production relate to the harvested crop plus
allowances for economic abandonment in years when appreciable
quantities are not harvested because of low prices or other economic factors. Losses from natural causes, such as wind storms,
freezes, etc., are not included in production. Production relates to
. the total crop produced on farms, including commercial and home
production, except for apples, for which BAE production estimates,
1935-1945, relate to commercial areas only.
The annual estimates of BAE are checked and adjusted at the
end of each marketing season on the basis of shipment and processing records that are available from transportation agencies,
processors, cooperative marketing associations and other industry
organizations. The estimates are again checked and revised at
5-year intervals when the Bureau of the Census enumerates and
publishes for census years the numbers of trees and harvested production of fruits, by kinds, in each State and county. The BAE
estimates for census years are not always in agreement with census
data because of allowance for economic abandonment and adjustments based on available shipment and processing records.
Citrus and other fruits (series E 240-243) are valued at equivalent per unit returns, excluding packing, grading and container
costs, rather than at average prices for all sales.

FARM CREDIT

Farm Credit: Series E 244-269


FARM MORTGAGES (E 244-255)

Text: E 244-246

States, Release No.2-Amount of Farm-Mortgage Debt, March 25,


1944. Mortgage data for 1935 are not published in any regular
census volumes, except for those series that appear in the 1940
census reports. Likewise, the 1945 data are to be found only in the
special cooperative report entitled ,Farm-Mortgage Debt in the
United States: 1945, which also presents figures for 1930, 1935, and
1940. The revisions of the earlier census-year estimates on the
basis of certain relationships established by more recent surveys
were made so the estimates for all census years could be more comparable. A discussion of some of these revisions is included in the
article "Fluctuations in Outstanding Farm-Mortgage Debt, 191039," appearing in the Agricultural Finance Review, vol. 2, No.2,
November 1939.
Estimates for intercensal years have been based. on published
data showing the amount of mortgages held by certain lending
agencies and on estimates of the amount of farm mortgages recorded and released annually by other lender groups. Whenever a
new census-year bench mark was established, the intercensal-year
estimates were revised to reflect the new trend. For the years prior
to 1935 the data on mortgages recorded and released were compiled from the records of selected counties through a Nation-wide
WP A project sponsored by the Bureau of Agricultural Economics.
Since 1935 this information has been collected by the Farm Credit
Administration. Revisions of annual debt estimates back to 1930
appear in Revised Annual Estimates of Farm-Mortgage Debt by
States, 1930-43, April 1944, and in Distribution by Lender Groups of
Farm-Mortgage and Real Estate Holdings, January 1, 1930-45,
August 1945, both reports of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics.
Subsequent revisions back to 1940 are shown in the Agricultural
Finance Review, vol. 10, November, 1947.

E 244-251. Farm-mortgage credit: Debt outstanding and loans


closed, 1910-1945. SOURCE: Bureau of Agricultural Economics,
Bureau of the Census, Farm Credit Administration, and Federal
Deposit Insurance Corporation. For specific sources, see below..
Farm-mortgage credit has variously been referred to as farmreal-estate credit, long-term credit, or capital credit. The data
presented here, however, merely represent the. amount of credit
secured by farm real estate, whether it be extended for short terms
or long terms, or whether it be used for such purposes as purchasing the farm, operating the farm, or financing nonagricultural activities ..Furthermore, they represent credit extended under all
types of loan instruments, whether they be mortgages, deeds of
trust, vendors' liens, or sales contracts, so long as the security
offered is farm real estate.
Information on the number of mortgaged farms has been collected by both the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Agricultural Economics. Generally speaking, the data on number of
mortgaged farms have been published along with the data on
amount of debt in census years, with the exception of 1900 when
no information on amount of debt was obtained. A historical summary and an analysis of the data on number of mortgaged owneroperated farms back to 1890 are included in an article on "Number
and Percentage of Farms Under Mortgage" in the Agricultural
Finance Review, vol. 1, No.2, November 1938, issued by the
Bureau of Agricultural Economics. Data on the number of mortgaged farms in each tenure class for 1930, 1935, and 1940 appear
in a cooperative publication of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics and the Bureau of the Census entitled Farm-Mortgage InE 244. Total farm-mortgage debt outstanding, 1910-1945.
debtedness in the United States, Release No.1-Number of Mort- SOURCE: See text for series E 244-251, above.
gaged Farms, June 25, 1943. Similar data for 1945, as well as for the
E 245 and E 250. Farm-mortgage loans' held by Federal land
census years just mentioned, can be found in another joint BAEbanks and Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation, 1918-1945.
Census report, Farm-Mortgage Debt in the United States: 1945.
SOURCE: See text for series E 244-251. Federal land banks, which
Estimates of the total amount of farm-mortgage debt outstand- were organized pursuant to the Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916,
ing at the beginning of each year (series E 244) and the amount of began operations in 1917 and gradually become important lenders
loans held by the principal lender groups (series E 245-249) are in the farm-mortgage field, particularly after 1933. The data on
available back to 1910. The estimates of total indebtedness are loans closed and loans outstanding are from publications of the
based upon census data and the results of special surveys. The Farm Credit Administnition or its predecessor, .the Federal Farm
Bureau of the Census obtained data on the amount of mortgage Loan Board. Land Bank Commissioner loans, first made under the
debt resting on farms operated by full owners in each census back authority of the Emergency Farm~Mortgage Act of 1933, were
to 1890, except 1900. In 1890, 1940, and 1945 it collected similar taken over by the Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation upon its
information on the owned part of part-owner farms.
creation in 1934. The Commissioner continued to make such loans
Mortgage data may be found in the following reports of the Bu- on behalf of the Corporation until his authority expired on July 1,
reau of the Census: Eleventh Census of the United States, 1890, 1947. The establishment and operations of these Federal lending
Report on Real Estate Mortgages; Thirteenth Census, 1910, Agri- agencies are examined rather fully in Farm-Mortgage Credit Facilculture, vol. V, ch. 3; Fourteenth Census, 1920, Agriculture, vol. V, ities in the United States, Misc. Pub. No. 478, 1942, Department of
ch. 7; Census of Agriculture, 1925, Summary Statistics by States; Agriculture, as well as in the annual reports of the Farm Credit
Fifteenth Census, 1930, Agriculture, vol. IV, Ch. 6; Sixteenth Cen- Administration.
sus, 1940, Agriculture, vol. nI, ch. 4. Data for 1935 and 1945 apE 246. Farm-mortgage loans, held by life insurance companies,
pear only in the cooperative publications referred to elsewhere in 1910-1945. SOURCE: See text for series E 244-251. Life insurance
the text.
companies invest considerable funds in farm mortgages and over
Beginning with a survey for 1920, the Bureau of Agricultural the years have been a major source of mortgage loans. The tigures
Economics has conducted quinquennial surveys on which to base presented here are estimates of the Bureau of Agricultural Ecoestimates of debt on farms operated, by part-owners, tenants, and nomics based primarfly upon data obtained from reports of commanagers; the 1935, 1940, and 1945 surveys were conducted in panies holding a substantial proportion of all life insurance comcooperation with the Bureau, of the Census. The results of the sur- pany loans. Prior to 1930 the estimates are based largely on data
vey for 1925, which also collected data as of January 1, 1928, were reported to the Association of Life Insurance Prnsidents. Since
publisb,ed in Farm-Mortgage Credit, Tech. Bull. No. 288, February ] 930 they are based upon direct reports from life insurance com1932, Department of Agriculture. The data for both 1930 and 1935 panies, official reports submitted to State insurance commissioners,
were published in the cooperative release Farm Mortgage Indebted- hearings before the Temporary National Economic Committee,
ness in the United States (Detailed Summary), August 26, 1937.
Best's Life Insurance Reports, and reports from the Life Ins1,lrance
When the data from both the 1940 census and the 1940 special Association of America and the Institute of Life Insurance. The
survey became available, the 1935 estimates were revised, and the results of a study of the farm-mortgage investments of this lender
final estimates for 1930, 1935, and 1940 were presented in a coop- group, particularly those of more recent years, are published in
erative release entitled Farm-Mortgage Indebtedness in the United Farm.-Mortgage Investments of Life Insurance Companies, De-

91

Text:E 246-255

AGRICULTURE

cember 1943, and in Sales Contracts and Real Estate Investments of


Life Insurance Companies, March 1944, both reports of the Bureau
of Agricultural Economics.
E 247. Farm-mortgage loans, held by commercial banks, 19101945. SOURCE: See text for series E 244-251. Commercial banks as
a group also have loaned considerable funds on farm real estate.
The data presented here do not cover all banks, but they do represent a very large proportion of all bank loans against farm real
estate. Prior to 1935 they are for all open State and national banks,
but since 1935 they include only the loans of insured commercial
banks. Consequently, they do not include loans of noninsured commercial banks after 1934, closed commercial banks, nor mutual
savings banks. Furthermore, they do not include saies contracts,
which are usually classified with real estate by bank supervisory
authorities. Data for insured banks are those reported by the
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Figures prior to 1935 are
based on special surveys made by the Department of Agriculture in 1914, 1918,1921, 1924, and 1931, the results of which are
discussed in Agricultural Loans of Commercial Banks, Tech. Bull.
No. 521, July 1936. Estimates for intervening years pdor to 1935
were developed from data on mortgages recorded and released,
which were collected from county recordsin the WPA project.

year-to-year changes in the average rates do not necessarily reflect


changes in the level of interest rates charged by the different lenders but may represent changes in the distribution among the lender groups of loans recorded or held. The averages are based on the
rates specified in the mortgage contract and do not necessarily
represent averages of the rates actually paid, except that in the
case of rates on outstanding mortgages, they do reflect the teIl1Porarily reduced rates of the Federal land banks during the period
1934-44 and of the Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation during
the period 1938-1945. The data on interest charges are estimates
of amounts payable by borrowers during the calendar year and
reflect the interest reductions granted borrowers by the Federal
land banks during the years 1933-44 and the Federal Farm
Mortgage Corporation during the years 1937-45. Furthermore,
they are estimates of the amounts due during the calendar year,
even though some of these amounts were not paid. The index of
interest charges per acre is also shown, as this series is utilized in
parity price computations.
Data on interest rates ,and interest charges representative of all
types of owners and all types of lenders are available back to 1910.
The Bureau of the Census obtained some infbrmation either on
interest rates or interest charges on outstanding mortgages in
1890, 1920, 1930, and 1940. The interest rates on mortgages recorded (series E 252) have come from two sources. The averages
shown for selected years after 1935 are estimates of the Farm
Credit Administration based on mortgages recorded during the
month of March in approximately one-third of-the counties in the
United States. The rates presented for 1935 and earlier are averages developed from data obtained in a Nation,.;wide WPA project
sponsored 'by the Bureau of Agricultural Economics. The data for
these earlier years appear in the publication Average Rates of
Interest Charged on Farm-Mortgage Recordings of Selected Lender
Groups, November 1940, Bureau of Agricultural Economics.

E 248 and E 251. Farm-mortgage loans, held by joint-stock land


banks, 1918-1945. SOURCE: See text for series E 244-251. The
joint-stock land banks, also authorized under the Federal Farm
Loan Act of 1916, were under Federal supervision and regulation,
but differed from the Federal land banks inthat they were privately
owned instituti.ons. Their organization and growth are discussed in
considerable detail in Schwartz,. C. H., Jr., Financial Study 0/ the
Joint-Stock Land Banks, Washington College Press,Takoma Park,
Md., 1938, as well as in the publications referred to in the text for
series E 245 and E 250, above. Their liquidation was called for in
the Emergency Farm-Mortgage Act of 1933, and since that time
the only loans made by them have been ip connection with liquiAverage interest rates on outstanding mortgages (series E 253)
dation activities. In the case of the several Federal and federally for 1937 and later years are based on data obtained by the Bureau
sponsored agencies, it should be pointed out that their "loans of Agricultural Economics in special surveys in census years and
closed" include only their regular loans as distinct from purchase- from Farm Credit Administration surveys of farm-mortgage remoney mortgages and sales contracts, and that they are not nec- cordings in selected months of intercensal years. For 1936 and
essarily comparable with "loans recorded" by other lender groups. earlier, the average rates are based on data obtained in the WPA
E 249. Farm-mortgage loans, held by "individuals and others,"
project; Rates on mortgages recorded as reported in this project
1910-1945. SOURCE: See text for series E 244-251. A substantial were converted to rates on outstanding mortgages by assuming
part of the total farm-mortgage loans is held by the lender group that all mortgages recorded remained in effect for a period equal
identified as "individuals and others." Within this group, indi- to the average of the terms of years specified in the mortgage conviduals are by far the most important holders of farm mortgages. tracts. This procedure was used for all lender groups, except the
Because of its residual nature, this general lender group also in- . Federal land banks and Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation for
cludes many miscellaneous sources of farm-mortgage credit. These which averages were computed from information on the amount
include mortgage, real estate, finance, and investment companies; of loans outstanding at various interest rates. A further discussion
State and local governmental agencies; religious, educational, civic, of the method used in developing this series appears in Interest
and fraternal organizations; mercantile firms dealing largely in Charges Payable on Farm Indebtedness in the United States, 1910farm supplies; lending agencies operating chiefly in the urban 40, August 1942, Bureau of Agricultural Economics. Some of the
mortgage field but sometimes lending on farm lands; corporations data for the years after 1930 were later revised and were published
and associations chiefly engaged in making production loans but in Revised Annual Estimates of Interest Charges and Interest Rates
sometimes requiring real estate as security; and, in more recent on Farm-Mortgage Debt, 1930-43, October 1944, Bureau of Agriyears, the Farmers Home Administration (formerly Farm Secu- cultural Economics.
- F'
rity Administration). In addition to these are the loans of mutual
The series on the amount of interest charges payable (series
savings banks, closed commercial banks, noninsured commercial E 254) was developed from the estimates of farm-mortgage debt
banks after 1934, insurance companies other than life insurance outstanding at the beginning of each year and the average interest
companies, and certain types of loans not specifically included in rates charged thereon, except in the case of the Federal agencies.
the figures. for the major lending groups.
Calendar-year estimates were computed by averaging the charges
E 252-255. Interest payable on farm mortgages, 1910-1945. payable on debts outstanding at the beginning of each year with
SOURCE: Bureau of Agricultural Economics and the Farm Credit those payable on debts outstanding at the beginning of the sucAdministration.
ceeding year. For the Federal agencies, the actual amounts of in
The interest rates given here represent average contract rates. terest charges payable on their outstanding loans during the calThey are averages of the rates charged by the various types of endar year were obtained from the Farm Credit Administration.
lenders weighted by the amount of mortgages recorded or held by These amounts, of course, excluded those charges no longer payeach. Furthermore, they are averages of rates on all farm mort- able because of the interest reductions granted to borrowers. A
gages regardless of their priority. It should be pointed out that more detailed discussion of the methods .used appears in the pUb-:-

92

FAiRMCREDIT
lications referred to in the preceding paragraph. The interest
charges per acre used in computing the index (series E 255) were
arrived at by using Bureau of the Census acreage figures for census years with straight-line interpolations for intercensal years.
FARMER BANKRUPTCIES (E 256'-257)
E 256-257. Bankruptcy cases filed by farmers, 1899-1945.
SOURCE: For 1899-1938, see Department of Agriculture, Farmer
Bankruptcies, 1898-1935, Gir. No. 414, September 1936, and
Bureau of Agricultural Economics records; for 1939-1945, see
Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Finance Review
issues.
The data presented show the number of bankruptcy cases
"filed" or "concluded," for which the occupation given is that of
farmer and the percentage that these are of the cases for all occupations. Since 1939 only data on cases "filed" have been available
by occupations, whereas for 1939 and earlier years the data are
for cases "concluded." The fact that not all cases filed are concluded may account for the apparent increase in number of cases between 1939 and 1940. Some cases are handled under sections of the
National Bankruptcy Act which provide for settlement by compro.
mise or by extension of farmers' debts. As such cases do not involve outright bankruptcy, they are not included in the figures
shown.
Data on the number of farmer bankruptcy cases as an indicator
of financial distress are subject. to certain limitations. The Bankruptcy Act provides that farmers may not be placed in bankruptcy
involuntarily, so that only those cases are covered in which the
farmer chose this method of handling burdensome debtsi In general, liquidation of indebtedness by means of foreclosure is the
more common practice among farmers because of the large proportion of farmers' debts secured by physical assets.
The data on farmer bankruptcies have been summarized by
the Bureau of Agricultural Economics from two sources. Since
1939 data on cases "filed" have been compiled from reports of the
Administrative Office of the United States Courts and published
in the Agricultural Finance Review of the Bureau of Agricultural
Economics. For fiscal 1939 and earlier years, data on cases "coneluded" were compiled from reports of the Department of Justice.
Most-of these earlier data were published in Farmer Bankruptcies,
1898-1935, Cir. No. 414, September 1936, Department of Agriculture.
FARMER NON-REAL-ESTATE CREDIT (E 258-266)
E 258-266. Non-real-estate agricultural loans to farmers, 19101945. SOURCE: Department of Agriculture. See specific sources
mentioned below.
N on-real-estate credit, variously called short-term credit, personal and collateral credit, or production credit, is obtained by
farmers from many sources including banks, Federal and federally
sponsored credit agencies, merchants, dealers, commission men,
finance companies, landlords, and other individuals. Commercial
banks have provided the bulk. of this type of credit extended by
credit institutions although, since World War I, Federal and federally sponsored agencies and finance companies have become
increasingly important in this lending field. The volume of nonreal-estate credit extended by sources other than banks and Federal agencies is believed to have been as large as three billion
dollars in 1920 and slightly over one billion dollars in recent years.
Data that would permit precise estimates of the amount of this
type of credit, however, are lacking.
N on-real-estate agricultural loan data of all commercial banks
have been available for the years since 1939 from the Comptroller of
the Currency. Similar loans of insured commercial banks, whose
loans comprise about 97 percent of the loans of all banks, have

Text:E 252-266

been regularly reported since 1937' by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. For 1937 and earlier the only data available
on the non-real-estate agricultural loans of commercial banks are
those from Department of Agriculture surveys made in 1914, 1918,
1921, 1924, 1931, 1934, and 1936, of which all except the survey
for 1936 are discussed in Agricultural Loans of Commercial Banks,
Tech. Bull. No. 521, July 1936, Department of Agriculture. Upon
the basis of these survey data and data on all loans of "country"
national banks for intervening years, estimates have been made of
the non-real-estate agricultural loans of all commercial banks back
to 1910. For further details on this series, see the article "ShortTerm Agricultural Loans of Commercial Banks, 1910-1945," in
the Agricultural Finance Review, vol. 8, November 1945, Bureau
of Agricultural Economics.
The Federal Government first entered the non-real-estate agricultural credit field in 1918 when five million dollars was made
available for direct loans to farmers in the Northwest and Southwest where there had been two successive crop failures. During
the 1920's seed and feed loans were made available from time to
time in certain "distressed" areas by special Acts of Congress. In
the early 1930's the basis for lending was broadened and the
Emergency Crop and Feed Loan Office came to be a more-or-less
permanent source of credit for farmers in distress. The Farmers
Home Administration Act of 1946 ttansferred the activities of the
Emergency Crop and Feed Loan Office from the Farm Credit Administration to the newly created Farmers Home Administration
(successor to the Farm Security Administration) and provided for
the liquidation of these loans. Henceforth, any loans of this character will be made by the Farmers Home Administration under
the provisions of the new law. For a further discussion of the crop
and feed loan program, see Federal Seed-Loan Financing and Its
Relation to Agricultural Rehabilitation and Land Use, Tech. Bull.
No. 539, October 1936, Department of Agriculture, as well as
reports of the Farm Credit Administration.
The Agricultural Credits Act' of 1923 created the Federal intermediate credit banks, the first permanent federally sponsored
credit agencies making non-real-estate loans available to farmers.
The intermediate credit banks make no loans directly to farmers,
but they do make loans to and discount for private financing institutions (agricultural credit corporations and livestock loan
companies). Such loans and discounts are indicative of the lending
activity of these private financing institutions. Loans discounted
by the Federal intermediate credit banks for the production credit
associations since their organization in 1933 are not included in
this series. A rather complete discussion of the Federal intermediate credit system appears in Ten Years of Federal Intermediate
Credits, Baird and Benner, The Brookings Institution, Wash~
ington, D. C., 1933, as well as in reports of the Farm Credit Administration.

The Agricultural Credits Act of 1923, which authorized the


creation of the Federal intermediate credit banks, also provided
for loans to and discounts for agricultural cooperatives by these
banks. These are in the nature of direct loans to marketing cooperatives on the security of commodities. These loans are also
discussed more fully in Ten Years of Federal Intermediate Credits,
and in reports of the Farm Credit Administration. In 1933 special
legislation authorized the creation of the "banks for cooperatives,"
and by 1936 the function of the intermediate credit banks in making loans to cooperatives had largely been taken over by them. A
large part of the loan funds of the "banks for cooperatives," however, is supplied by the Federal intermediate credit banks. During
the early 1930's considerable funds were made available to agricultural cooperatives through the Agricultural Marketing Act revolving fund, but with the growth of the "banks for cooperatives,"
this fund has become a relatively unimportant source. Data on its
loans are not included here, nor are those of the Rural Electrifi93

Text: E 258-269

AGRICULTURE

cation Administration, the Farmers Home Administration (successor to Farm Security Administration), the Commodity Credit
Corporation, or the production credit associations.
DEPOSITS OF COUNTRY BANKS (E 267-269)
E 267-269. Indexes of deposits of country banks, 1923-1945.
SOuRCE: Department of Agriculture. For 1923-1943, see Agricul-

94

tural Finance Review, "Indexes of Deposits of Country Banks,"


vol. 7, November 1944; for 1944-1945, see Agricultural Finance
Review, vol. 9, November 1946. The indexes for demand, time, and
total deposits are based upon deposits of member banks of the Federal Reserve System, located in places of less than 15,000 population in the 20 leading agricultural States. For an analysis of
these series see Demand Deposits of Country Banks, Tech. Bull.
No. 575, August 1937, Department of Agriculture.

GENERAL STATISTICS

Data: E 1-18

Series E I-S.-GENERAL STATISTICS"'-FARM REAL ESTATE, NUMBER OF FARMS AND


VALUE: 1850 TO 1945
[Census years are in italics]

YEAR

Number
of
farms

TotaJ value, FARM LAND AND BUILDINGS


Index of
selected
estimated
items of
Average
value
of farms
Total
farm
value
per acre
value
property 1
per acre
(1912-14 =100)

Number
of
farms

YEAR

Total value,
selected
items of
farm
property 1

Average
value
per acre

Total
value

4
1,000
1945 ______
1944 ______
1943 ______
1942 ______
1941- _____

farms

Million
dollars

Million
dollars

5,859
5,871
5,917
6,019
6,076

63,483
58,997
53,325
46,854
42,341

46,389
42,532
. 37,855
35,331
33,497

1940 ______
1939 ______
1938 ______
1937 ______
1936 ______

6,097
6,:nO
6,320
6,460
6,640

42,110
42,338
43,075
42,708
41,692

33,6M2
33,931
34,747
34,757
33,910

1935 ______
1934 ______
1933 ______
1932 ______
1931- _____

6,812
6,770
6,720
6,530
6,390

38,738
37,618
36,278
43,883
52,375

32,859
31,933
30,724
37,236
43,993

1990 ______
1929 ______
1928 ______
1927 ______
1926 ______

6,289
6;290
6,270
6,260
6,340

58,378
58,468
57,407
56,972
58,348

47,880
47,880
47,495
47,634
49,052

1925 ______

6,972

58,309

49,468

Index of
estimated
val ue of farms
per acre
(1912-14 =100)

FARM LAND AND BUILDINGS

1924- _____
1923 ______
1922 ______
1921- _____

farms
6,350
6,400
6,510
6,500

Million
dollars
59,325
61,382
63,052
73,062

1920 ______
1919 ______
1918 ______
1911- _____
1916 ______

6,448
6,470
6,520
6,540
6,560

1915 ______
1914 ______
1913 ______
1912 ______
1911- _____

6,520
6,480
6,450
6,420
6,390

1,000

Dollars
126
114
99
91
85

40.63

---------------------------------------------

84
84
85
85
82

31.71

----------_ ...

----------------------------------

79
76
73
89
106

31.16

---------------------------------------------

115
116
117
119
124

48.52

-----------------------

-----------------------

127

53.52

1 Prior to 1910 includes -value of farm land and buildings, implements and
machinery, and livestock; for 1910-1945 includes farm land and buildings, ma-

Million
dollars
50,468
52,710
54,017
61,477

.-----

Dollars

---------------------------------------------

130
135
139
157

80,327
68,505
62,663
55,578
51,374

66 ,.~16
69.38
54,539 -----------49,987 -------- ......
45,531 -----------42,271 ------------

170
140
129
117
108

48,469
48,175
46,478
44,637
43,569

39,597
39,586
38,463
37,306
36,050

_--

1910 ______

6,362

41,961

34,801

1900 __ ____
1890 ______
188o ______
1870 ______
1860 ______
1850 ______

5,737
4,565
4,009
2,660
2,044
1,M9

20,440
16,082
12,181
8,945
7,980
3,967

16,615
19,279
10,197
7,444
6,645
3,272

103
-------- ... _-103
-----------100
-----------97
----------------------- -------------39.60 ------_ ... _----19.81
21.91
19.02
18.26
16.32

11.14-

----------------------------------------------------------- .. _-----

--------------

chinety and equipment for prodtrction (value in 1910, 40,991 million dollars), and
crops held for sale, and livestock and poultry.

Series E 6-18.-GENERAL STATISTICS-FARM REAL ESTATE, CHANGES IN OWNERSHIP:


1912 TO 1945
ESTIMATED NUMBER OF FARMS CHANGING OWNERSHIP PER

1,000 FARMS

PERCENTAGE OF VOLUNTARY SALES AND TRADE

Forced sales and related defaults


YEAR

Total,
all
classes

Voluntary
sales and
trades 1

Total
forced

Foreclosures
of mortgages,
bankruptcies;
etc. 2

Delinquent
taxes

10

Occupation of purchaser
Other
transfers

11

Purchased
by local
residents

Purchased
for
operation

Active
farmer

Retired
farmer

Other
occupation

12

13

14

15

16

1945 _____
1944 _____
1943 _____
1942 _____
194L ____

69.7
76.1
67.0
66.1
63.7

51. 5
55.9
45.8
41.7
34.1

3.0
4.9
6.6
9.3
13.9

1.9
3.1
4.4
6.2
10.5

1.1
1.8
2.2
3.1
3.4

15.2
15.3
14.6
15.1
15.7

82
83
82
80
82

74
78
77
_ 75
78

63
66
64
63
67

3
3
3
3
4

34
31
33
34
29

1940 _____
1939 _____
1938 _____
1937 _____
1936 __ ~ __

63.0
63.8
65.4
74.0
72.9

30.2
29.7
30.5
31.5
24.8

15.9
17.0
17.4
22.4
26.2

12.6
13.5
14.3
18.1
20.3

3 ~3
3.5
3.1
4.3
5.9

16.9
17.1
17.5
20.1
21.9

83
83
81
81
82

78
78
77
75
76

68
66
62
63
64

4
4
4
5
5

28
30
34
32
31

1935 _____
1934 _____
1933 _____
1932 _____
193L ____

69.1
78.6
93.6
76.7
61.9

19.4
17.8
16.8
16.2
19.0

28.3
39.1
54.1
41.7
26.1

21.0
28.0
38.8
28.4
18.7

7.3
11.1
15.3
13.3
7.4

21.4
21. 7
22.7
18.8
16.8

81
78
76
77
81

74
75
77
79
81

63
58
53
57
65

5
6
6
6
6

32
36
41
37
29

1930 _____
1929 _____
1928 _____
1927 _____
1926 _____

61.5
58.0
66.0
68.5
61.4

23.7
23.5
26.3
28.3
29.6

20.8
19.5
22.8
23.3
21.6

15.7
14.8
17.6
18.2
17.4

5.1
4.7
5.2
5.1
4.2

17.0
15.0
16.9
16.9
10.2

82
84
84

81
83
84

72
78
77

4
4
5

24
18
18

TRANSFERS PER

YEAR

1924 _________________ _
1923 _________________ _
1922 _________________ _
1921 _________________ _

Voluntary
sales and
trades

Foreclosures
and
assignments

17

18

25.5
26.1
24.4
26.3

16.7
14.6
11.7
6.6

YEAR

1920 __________________ _
1919 __________________ _
1918 __________________ _
1917 __________________ _
1916 _______ ___________ ,
~

Including contracts to purchase (but not options).


Including loss of title by default of contract, sales to avoid foreclosures, and
surrender of title or other transfers to avoid foreclosure.
1

------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ----------------------- ------------ ----- .... _.. --_ ... ------------ ------------

1,000 FARMS

Volunt&ry
sales and
trades

Foreclosures
and
assignments'

17

18

43.4
48.8
37.0
36.7
30.9

4.0
3.2
3.1
3.7
3.8

YEAR

1915 __________________ _
1914 __________________ _
1913 __________________ _
1912 ____ ~ _____________ _

Voluntary
sales and
trades'

Foreclosures
and
assignments

17

18

28.3
28.0
29.6
29.9

3.5
3.3
2.8
2.5

3 Includes inheritance and gift transfers; administrators', executors', and other


saJes in settlement of estates; and miscellaneous and unclassified sales.
For differences between these series and series E 7 and E 9, respectively, see
descriptive text for series E 6-11.

95

Data::E-l~60

AGRI0ULTURE- .
19~30.-GENERAL STATISTIC~FARM

Series E

TENURE, NUMBERS OF FARS


BY TENURE: 1880 TO 1945

NUMBER OF FARMS BY TENURE OF OPERATOR

PEROENT OF TENANTS AMONG FARM OPERATORS, BY AGE OF TENANT 1

Tenant farms
YEAR

Total
farms

Full-oWner
farms

Part-owner
farms

Manager
farms

Number

21

22

23

Percent of
total farms

19

20

1945 _______
1940 _______
1935 _______
1930 _______

5,859,169
6,096,799
6,812,350
6,288,648

3,301,361
3,084,138
3,210,224
2,911 ,644

660,502
615,039
688.,867
656,750

38,885
36,351
48,104
55,889

1,858,421
2,361,271
2,865,155
2,664,365

31. 7
38.7
42.1
42.4

1925_______
1920 ______
1910 _______
1900 2_____

a,448 ,343

6,371,640

6,361,502
5,737,372

3,313,490
3,366,510
3,354,897
3,201,947

554,842
558,580
593,825
451,376

40,700
68,449
58,104
59,085

2,462,608
2,454,804
2,354,676
2,024,964

38.6
38.1
37.0
35.3

1890 2_____
1880 _______

4,564,641
4,008,907

1,294,913
1,024,601

28.4
25.6

3,269,728
2,984,306

24

1 Figures represent percent of farm operators (in the given age groups) who
were tenants that year.

Under 25
years

25 to 34
years

35 to 44
years

45 to 54
years

55 to 64
years

65 and
over

25

26

27

28

29

SO

71. 9
79.0

52.9
64.1

26.9
32.8

38.3
45.. 9

20.8
24.6

15.2
16.1

-----86:5-

-----67~O- ----~46~3- -----34~6- -----24~7- -----i6~r

-----75:8-

-----56~5- -----g9~7-

-----gO:2-

75.6
72.2

55.0
54.7

37.3
35.6

26.8
29.3

67.4

50.2

36.0

27.7

---------- ---------- ---------- ------_ ... _-

-----20~7-

-----16:5-

21.1
21.0

15.1
15.1

17.8

---_ ... - ... -_ ... - --- ..... ----

Figures in senes E 25-30 include managers.

Series E 31,-42.-GENERAL STATISTICS-FARM TENURE, LAND AND VALUE


BY TENURE OF OPERATOR: 1900 TO 1945
LAND IN FARMS BY TENURE OF OPERATOR

VALUE OF FARMS (LAND AND BUILDINGS) BY TENUREOF OPERATOR

Tenants
YEAR

All
farms

Full
owner

Part
owner 1

Managers

31

32

33

34

i,ooo

All
tenants

Croppers
(South)

35

36

All
farms

Full
owner

Part
owner

37

38

39

Tenants
Managers

All
tenants

Croppers
(South)

41

42

40

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

acres
412,358
382,098
390,978
372,450

acres
371,251
300,325
266,071
245,926

acres
106,372
66,530
60 ;664
61,986

acres
251,634
311,899
336,802
306,409

acres
18,922
23,313
29,839
31,605

dollars
46,388,926
33,641;739
32,858,844
47,879,838

1,000

acres
1945 ___________ 1,141,615
1940 ___________ 1,060,852
1935. ______ ___ 1,054,515
1930 ___________
986,771

dollars
21,106,511
15,297,274
14,824,645
21,123,468

dollars
210,029,155
26,112,411
5,515,139
8,136,335

dollars
2,354,563
1,442,657
1,566,312
2,238,478

dollars
12,898,697
10,789,397
10,952,747
16,381,558

1925 ___________
1920 ___________
1910 ___________
1900_,, _________

419,446
461,250
464,923
431,261

196,890
175,525
133,631
124,779

43,097
54,129
53,73t
87,518

264,887
264,980
226,513
195,034

22,986
22,531

49,467,647
66,316,003

24,208,740
30,710,721
17,310,639
9,129,328

6,807,888
9,153,502
5,056,295
1,962,065

1,600,950
2,665,216
1,456,959
774,829

16,850,069 1,133,205
23,786,568 1,477,593
10,977,232 .. ...... ----4,748,426 ----------

1,000

924,319
955,884
878,798
838,592

1,000

1,000

--------- 34,801,126
--------- 16,614;647

1 Of these acreages, the operator owned 192,259,000 in 1945, 144,639,000 in


1940, 131,703,000 in 1935, 120,748,000 in 1930, and 100,549,000 in 1925.

1,000

1,000

1,000

dollars
884,842
775,935
800,245
1,398,527

_-

2 Of these val~es part owners owned property valued at $5,898, 871, 000 in 1945 '
and $3,564,202,000 in 1940.

Series E 43-60.-GENERAL STATISTICS-FARM TENURE, BY COLOR AND TENURE


OF OPERATOR: 1900 TO 1945
Series
No.

COLOR AND TENURE OF OPERATOR

NUMBER OF FARMS

1945

1940

1935

1930

1925
6,371,640

United States, totaL ______________

43

5,859,169

6,096,799

6,812,350

6,2R8,648

White _________________________________
N onwhite ______________________________

44

5,169,954
689,215

5,377,728
719,071

5,956,795
855,555

5,372,578
916,070

The South, total _________________

46

2,881,135

3,007,170

3,421,923

3,223,816

White _________________________________
Owners ____________________________
Full owner ___ _________________
Part owner ______________________
Managers __________________________
Tenants ___________________________
Croppers ________________________

47
48
50
51
52
53

2,215,722
1,513,431
1,348,076
165,355
12,751
689,540
176,260

2,326,904
1,371,034
1,185,788
185,246
13,215
942,655
242,173

2,606,176
1,388,601
1,189,833
198,768
15,401
1,202,174
347,848

2,342,129
1,233,656
1,050,187
183,469
16,529
1,091,944
383,381

N onwhite ______________________________
Owners ___________________ ________
Full owner _______________________
Part owner ______________________
Managers ___ .______________________
Tenants ___________________________
Croppers ________________________

54
55
56
57
58
59
60

665,413
189,232
160,980
28,252
442
475,739
270,296

680,266
173,263
141,902
31,361
365
506,638
299,118

815,747
186,065
150,113
35,952
381
629,301
368,408

881,687
182,019
140,496
41,523
829
698,839
392,897

831,455
194,540
159,65]
34,889
667
636,248
344,322

~_

Available for the South only.

96

45

49

1920

1910

1900

6,448,343

6,361,502

5,737,372

5,498,454
949,889

5,440,619
920,883

4,969,608
767,764

3,131,418

3,206,664

3,097,547

2,620,391

2,299,963
1,324,653
1,173,778
150,875
10,259
965,051
278,736

2,283,750
2,207,406
1,379,636
1,326,044
1,227,20'1
1,154,100
152,432
171 ,944
16,548
15,084
887,566
866,2'78
227,378 ------------

1,879,721
1,183,806
1,078,635
105,171
17,172
678,743

(1)
(1)

922,914
217,589
178,558
39,031
1,770
703,555
333.713

------------

890,141
218,467
175,290
43,177
1,200
670,474
------------

740,670
186,676
158,479
28,197
1,593
552,401

--~

.. --------

GENERAL STATISTICS

Data: E 61-71

Series E 61-71.-GENERAL STATISTICS-FARM LABOR, EMPLOYMENT, WAGES, AND


PRODUCTIVITY: 1866 TO 1945
FARM EMPLOYMENT 1

Total
farm

YEAR

Family
workers 2

FARM PRODUCTIVITY,
INDElX NUMBERS

FARM WAGE RATES

Hired
workers

Index
numbers,
composite farm
wage rates
(1910-14 =100)

With
board

Without
board

With
board

Without
board

64

65

66

67

68

DoUars
3.80
3.46
2.87'
2.19
1.69

Dollars
4.34
3.93
3.27
2.49
1.93

Per month

Per. day'

61

62

63

1945 ____________
1944 ___________
1943 ____________
1942 ____________
194L ___________

1,000
workers
9,844
10,037
10,263
10,397
10,361

1,000
workers
7,726
7,810
7,857
7,855
7,829

1,000
workers
2.,117
2,227
2,406
2,542
2,532

350
315
264
201
154

Dollars
82.30
74.00
61. 91
46.64
34.85

Dollars
95.40
85.70
72.51
55.91
43.64

1940 ____________
1939 ____________
1938 ____________
1937 ____________
1936 ____________

10,585
10,740
10.789
10,892
11,047

8,019
8,145
8,169
8,261
8,486

2,566
2,595
2,620
2,631
2,561

126
123
125
126
111

28.05
27.39
27.73
28.00
24.53

36.68
35.82
36.18
36.32
32.28

1.36
1.30
1.31
1.33
1.15

1935 ____________
1934 ____________
193a ____________
1932 ____________
193L ___________

11,131
10,852
11 ,02a
11 ,069
11,159

8,702
8,506
8,590
8,571
8,469

2,429
2,346
2,433
2,498
2,690

103
95
85
96
130

22.42
20.24
18.07
20.S5
28.77

30.24
28.19
25.67
28.88
38.38

1930 ____________
1929 ____________
1928 ____________
1927 ____________
1926 ____________

11,173
11 ,289
11 ,379
11,246
11,534

8,323
8,305
8;340
8,296.
8,507

2,850
2,984
2,956
2,950
3,027

167
180
179
179
179

37.59
40.61
40.11
40.11
39.87

1925 ____________
192L ___________
1923 ____________
1922 ____________
192L ___________

11,448
11 ,362
11,385
11,443
11 ,412

8,577
8,488
8,491
8,528
8,511

2,871
2,874
2,894
2,915
2,901

176
173
169
151
155

1920 ____________
1919 ____________
1918 ____________
1917 ______ ____
1916 ____________

11,362
11,106
11,348
1.1 ,789
12,016

8,479
8,322
8,507
8,856
9,050

2,883
2,784
2,841
2,933
2,966

1915 _______,_____
1914 ______ ____
1913 _______ ". ____
1912 ______ .:~ ____
191L ______,,;- ____

11 ,981
12,000
12,033
12,038
12,042

9,047
9,081
9,128
9,149
9,172

1910 _______ ." ____


1909 _______ ____

12,146
12,209

9,269
9,341

~~

J~,

'~

1906 ____________
1902 ____________

70

71

Million
'137
135
127
128
117

1.59
1.56
1.58
1. 61
1.42

1,000
982
1,000
1,039
880

113
108
104
106
93

110
107
105
107
86

1.07
0.98
0.S5
0.94
1.32

1.33
1.26
1.11
1.20
1.62

740
601
512
584
847

89

94
95
95
100

95
sa
94
101
103

48.10
51.22
50.72
50.85
50.83

1. 76
1.96
1.98
1.98
1.98

2.08
2.25
2.27
2.28
2.31

1,134
1,284
1,268
1,280
1,326

96
96
99
95
94

96
98
99
97
95

38.77
37.92
37.24
32.75
33.62

49.90
49.32
48.25
43.33
44.67

1.97
1.94
1.89
1. 73
1. 77

2.29
2.29
2.25
2.07
2.12

1,243
1,224
1,219
1,122
1,159

92
94
90
87
79

94
93
94
92
87

242
207
177
141
113

51. 73
43.29
37.96
31.11
25.17

65.40
56.63
48.80
40.52
32.84

2.98
2.54
2.15
1.65
1.31

3.46
3.03
2.54
1.98
1.58

1,780
1,515
1,335
1,127
904

88
89
87
80
75

97
94
91
83
84

2,934
2,919
2,905
2,889
2,870

103
101
103
101
98

22.97
22.62
22.89
22.23
21.49

30.06
29.74
30.21
29.34
28.54

1.18
1.17
1.20
1.18
1.13

1.44
1.43
1.46
1.43
1.39

818
805
807
792
760

78
78
74
77
75

89
85
83
82
80

2,877
2,868

97
96

21.22
22.21

28.08
28.10

1.12
1.09

1.39
1.30

757
735

71

77

89
73

18.73
15.51

26.19
22.12

1.03
0.83

1.32
1.09

66
63

13.90
13.29

19.97
19.16

0.75
0.71

0.99
0.94

59
59
64

12.75
12.70
13.85

18.74
18.57
19.97

0.65 .
0.65
0.72

0.85
0.84
0.92

65
64
64
63
63

13.48
13.29
13.29
13.08
12.88

20.02
19.45
19.67
19.22
19.11

0.73
0.72
0.72
0.71
0.70

0.98
0.970.98
. 0.96
0.97

60
57

12.32
11.70

18.52
17.53

0.67
0.64

0.92
0.89

54
57

10.86
11.16

. 16.79
17.10

0.61
0.68

0.84
0.94

---------------------------------------------------------------- - --------------- - ------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------- - --------------- - ------------------------ ---------------- -------------...... ---------- - --------------- - ------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------- ... --------------- - ------------------------ - --------------- ... -------------

52
53

9.97
10.09

15.50
15.50

0.63
0.64

0.87
0.90

------------ ---------------- ... _... _-------_ ... -

_______

Of gross
farm
production
per worker S

7147
148
136
131
119

---------- ---------- ------------------1899 __ _________


1898 _____________---------- ---------- ----- ------------- ---------- ---------1895 _____________
------------------ ---------1894 _____________
1893 _____________ --------- ---------- ------------------- ---------1891 or 1892 ______
- --------- - --------1889 or 1890 ______ -------------------------- 1887 or 1888 ______ -----------------1884 or 1885 ______ --------- ---------- -- ----------------1881 or 1882 _____ ---------- - --------- ---------1880 or 188L _____ --------- - --- ... ----- - --------1879 or 1880 ______ --------- - --------- ----------

_ _r

69

(1935-39 =100)
Of produetion
for sale and
home consumption
per worker 6

dollars
2,210
2,094
1,928
1,566
1,197

---------- ----------

1877, 1878, 1879 s --------- ---------1874 or 1875 ___'___


---------1869 _____________
--------...
--------1866 8____________

Farmers'
expenditures
for hired
labor 4

... ---------

---------... ---------

---------- ... ---------

1 These annual averages are simple averages of 1st-of-month employment


estimates.
2 Includes farm operators and members of their families doing farm work without wages.
.
3 Annual averages are weighted averages of wage rates as reported quarterly
by crop reporters.
4 Cash wages and value of perquisites.
5 Index of volume of farm production for sale and consumption in farm households divided by the index of average annual farm employment.

---------------- ------------------------- ---------------- ------------------------- ---------------- ------------------------- ---------------- -----------.:..------------- --------------- ... --------------

------------ --- ------------------------ .. -------------------------- .. - - - -"- - - -- -- - - ------------- - ---------------

------------ ---------------- ... -------------

6 Index of volume of gross farm production divided by the index of average


annual farm employment. Gross farm production includes as production the
"constant" dollar value of the crops fed to farm horses and mules and of the labor
and other resources used in the raising and maintenance of horses and mules. For
further discussion of differences in the two production series see text (or series E
72-73.
7 Preliminary.
81877 or 1878, 1878 or 1879 (combined).
9Years 1866 to 1878 in gold.

97

Data: E 72-87

AGRICULTURE

Series E 72-75.-GENERAL STATISTICS-PRODUCTION MEASURES, VOLUME OF AGRICULTURE


PRODUCTION AND AGGREGATE ACREAGE OF 52 CROPS: 1909 TO 1945
INDEXES OF
VOLUME OF PRODUCTION

Production
Gross
for sale and
farm
home
production
consumption I

YEAR

72

INDEXES OF
VOLUME OF PRODUCTION

AGGREGATE ACREAGE,
52 CROPS

(1935-39 =100)

Planted
or
grown

73

Aggregate
aoreage
harvested,
52 (,TOpS

(1935-39 =100)
Production
Gross
for sale and
farm
home
production
consumption I

YEAR

Harvested

73

72

75

74

75
1,000 acre/!
346,486
352,538
347,735
339,314
335,310

1926 ________________________
1925 ________________________
1924 ________________________
1923 ________________________
1922 ________________________
1921 ______ _________________

100
97
98
94
91
83

101
99
97
98
97
91

1,000 acres
349,040
349,791
345,172
344,881
341,487
345,425

1945 ________________________ _
1944 ________________________ _
1943 ________________________ _
1942 ________________________ _
1941 ________________________ _

133
136
128
124
113

123
124
120
123
111

1,000 acres
356,884
365,168
361,498
351,328
347,655

1940 ________________________ _
1939 ______ __ ._. ___ ________ _
1938 ________________________ _
1937 ________________________ _
1936 ________________________ _

110
106
103
106
94

108
105
104
107
87

347,826
342,647
354,266
363,020
360,239

331,506
321,886
338,445
338,452
313,845

1935 ________________________ _
1934 ______________' __________ _
1933 ______ - _________________ _
1932 ________________________ _
1931 ________________________ _

1920 ________________________
1919 ________________________
1918 ________________________
1917 ________________________
1916 ________________________

92
91
90
86
83

101
96
95
90
92

346,570
350,690
344,693
331,047
322,277

91
93
96
96
102

97
82
95
102
105

361,889
338,965
373,124
375,471
370,589

336,050
294,736
330,850
361,794
355,818

1930 ________________________ _
1929 ________________________ _
1928 ________________________ _
1927 ________________________ _

1915 ________________________
1914 ________________________
1913 ________________________
1912 ________________________
1911 ________________________

86
86
81
85
83

98
93
91
90
88

321,170
315,108
313,733
309,729
311,197

98
99
102
98

98
101
102
100

369,550
363,028
---_ .. _------

359,896
355,295
351,467
348,244

1910 ________________________
1909,________________________

79
79

85

806,299
800,298

------------

Includes total volume of all livestock and livestock: products (exclusive of


horses and mules) sales and home consumption during the calendar year, and total
volume of crop production, minus quantities retained for feed or seed and quantities not harvested or lost. No adjustments are made for inventory changes in
estimating the volume of livestock sales.
1

------------

2 Includes total volume of calendar-year production of all crops, pasture consumed by all livestock and the product added in the conversion of feed and pasture
into livestock and livestock products for human use and into farm-produced
horse and mule power.

Series E 76-87.-GENERAL STATISTICS-FARM TAXES AND INSURANCE: 1890 TO 1945


TAXES LEVIED ON FARM PROPERTY

On farm real estate

STATE AUTOMOTIVE
TAXES PAID BY FARMER

On
State motor
farm
vehicle
personal
licenses
property and
permits

Total

Amount
per
acre

Amount
per $100
of value

76

77

78

79

YEAR

State
motor
fuel
taxes

Companies 2

80

81

82

Million
dollars
68
65
64
62
63

Million
dollars
81
75
73
77
82

87

79
78
76
75
71

1,898
1,904
1,914
1,924
1,936

12,294,287
12,143,881
11,868,569
11,569,476
11 ,339 ,510

25.2
26.6
26.0
24.1
28.0

17.1
18.4
18.0
16.5
20.7

8.1
8.2
8.0
7.6
7.4

45,474
41,819
40,105
37,479
35,083

47
45
45
50
53

66
61
57
57
62

1,941
1,852
1,826
1,847
1,863

11 ,083 ,300
10,571,508
10,466,384
10,974,082
11,292,339

23.2
26.9
28.5
32.0
31. 0

15.7
19.7
2l.2
24.9
24.1

7.5
33,656
7.2
7.3 ------_ .. -7.1 ---------6.9 ----------

55
53
50
48
45

63
56
43
37
28

1,886
1,876
1,884
1,889
1,911

11 ,382 ,104
11,118,510
10,781,212
10,345,463
9,988,580

31. 6
28.4
27.1
25.3
26.3

24.8
21.8
20.5
19.0
19.4

6,.8
6.6
6.6
6.3
6.9

63
l.07
1. 03
63
1. 01 ---------0.96 ---------0.94 ----------

41
36
31
27
24

22
12
6
2
1

1,839
1,929
1,907
1,918
1,951

9,477,139
9,487,029
9,057,938
8,769,948
8,409,683

27.8
26.9
26.4
26.7
27.2

21.1
20.4
19.8
20.9
19.4

6.7
6.5
6.6
5.8
7.8

-------------------------------------

0.51
0.41
0.33
0.31
0.28

0.79 ---------0.59 ---------0.57 ---------0.58 ---------0.57 ----------

(5)
21
(.5)
14
11 ---------8 ---------5 ----------

1,944
1,922
1,866
1,829
1,883

7,865,988
6,937,523
6,391,522
5,R76,853
5,635,968

25.8
25.1
25.1
24.6
25.5

17.4
,17.3
18.8
18.2
19.6

8.4
7.8
6.3
6.4
5.9

-----------------------_ ... _--------------------

0.26
0.24
0.24

0.57 ---------0.56 ---------0.55 ---------0.49 ---------0.50 ----------

402
409
402
407
396

0.38
0.39
0.38
0.39
0.38

1.22
l.23
l.19
l.19
l.16

44
43
42
41
40

59
56
56
56
51

1935 ______________
1934 ______________
_____________
1932 ______________
1931. _____________

394
385
399
462
526

0.37
0.37
0.39
0.46
0.53

l.15
l.19
l.28
l.54
l.44

37
35
34
43
55

1930 ______________
1929 ______________
1928 ______________
1927. _____________
1926 ______________

567
567
556
545
526

0.57
0.58
0.58
0.57
0.56

1. 30
l.19
1.18
l.15
1.12

71
73
70
65
64

1925 ______________
1924 ______________
1923 ______________
1922 ______________
1921. _____________

517
511
516
509
510

0.56
0.55
0.55
0.54
0.54

1920______________
1919 ______________
1918 ______________
1917 ______________
1916 ______________

483
393
311
292
260

1915 ______________
1914 ______________
1913 ______________
1912 ________ ____
1911 ___________ __

243
222
218
191
183

98

86

Cents
48.0
7.8
7.7
8.1
8.4

1940 _____________
1939 ______________
1938 ______________
1937. _____________
1936 ______________

See footnotes on next page.

85
Cents
415.7
15.9
16.2
14.6
16.2

Dollars
0.90
0.91
0.95
1.08
1.18

166
164

Losses

84
Cents
423.7
23.7
23.9
22.7
24.6

Dollars
0.41
0.37
0.36
0.370.38

Total

Number
( 1,849
1,847
1,878
1,877
1,885

1945 ______________
1944 ______________
1943 ______________
1942 ______________
1941. ____ ~ ______ ~_

1910 ______________
1909 ___ __ ___ ___

83

Surplus and
reserves,
end of
Expenses
year 3

Cost per $100 of insurance

1,000
dollars
470,739
63,490
61,413
55,797
50,119

Million
dollars
83
74
69
59
50

~~

Insurance
in force
at end
of year

1,000
dollars
415,185,720
14,221,012
13,777,555
12,982,390
12,518,913

Million
dollars
471
421
403
402
406

1933~

FARMERS' MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE

O.~l

0.21
0.19
0.19

0.47
0.48

-------------------

3
2
2
1
1
(5)

-------------------------------------

-------------------

6.0 -------_ .... 1,879


5,366,760
17.5
23.5
---------1,947
5,264,119
6.0 ------ -_ .. 20.4
26.4
------------ ... ------ ---------- -- --- - _.. _... --- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------------- .. --------- ------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------ ----

--

---------- - --------- ------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------ ------------- ---------- ---------- ------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------_ .. -

Data: E 76-104

GENERAL STATISTICS

Series E 76-87.-GENERAL STATISTICS-FARM TAXES AND INSURANCE: 1890 TO 1945-Con.


TAXES LEVIED ON
FARM REAL ESTATE

Total

Amount
per
acre

76

77

YEAR

TotaJ

Ameunt
per
acre

77

76

77

Dollars
0.13
0.13
0.13

1893 __________
1892 __________
1891. _________

Million
dollars
92
88
85

Dollars
0.13
0.13
0.13

1890 __________

82

0.13

Total

Amount
per
acre

77

76

0.14
0.13

Total

Amount
per
acre

76

YEAR

TAXES LEVIED ON
FARM REAL ESTATE

TAXES LEVIED ON
FARM REAL ESTATE

TAXES LEVIED ON
FARM REAL ESTATE
YEAR

1908 __________
1907 __________
1906 __________

Million
dollars
152
142
134

Dollars
0.17
0.16
0.15

1903 __________
1902 __________
1901. _________

Million
dollars
125
115
113

Dollars
0.15
0.14
0.13

1898 __________
1891- _________
1896 __________

Million
dollars
103
102
98

1905 __________
1904 __________

132
127

0.15
0.15

1900 __________
1899 __________

107
107

0.13
0.13

1895 __________
1894. _________

99
94

YEAR

3 Excess of assets over liabilities. Most of the farmers' mutuals are assessment
companies and as such are not required to set up unearned premium reserves. Data
not compiled prior to .1935.
4 Preliminary.
5 Less than $500,000.

1 For 1914-33 includes companies with more than 65 percent of their insurance
on farm property. For later years includes companies with more than 50 percent
of their insurance on farm property. About 88 percent of their total insurance is
on farm property.
1 Number of companies for which data were obtained; perhaps not entirely
complete for any year.

Series E 88-104.-GENERAL STATISTICS-FARM INCOME, PRICES RECEIVED AND PAID:


1910 TO 1945
FARM INCOME 1
(MILLIONS OF DOLLARS)

CASH RECEIPTS
FROM FARM MARKETINGS
(MILLIONS OF DOLLARS)

YEAR

Total

Crops

Livestock

Gross
farm
income

,;'

INDEX NUMBERS OF PRICES RECEIVED AND PAID BY FARMERS, TAXES, ETC.


(BASE: 1910-14 =100)

Prices received by
I Realize d Net infarmers 6
Total
net
to
farm
income come
persons
Liveproducof
All
on farma farm
stock
tion
farm
from
Crops
and
expense 3 opera- farming 5 prodprodtors 4
ucts
ucts

Prices paid by
farmers
Living
and
proLiving
duction

Payable
per acre

Production

Interest
payable

Taxe~

payable

Prices Parity
paid,
ratio 7
including
interest
and
taxes

;-8-8- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 102
103
89
91
92
90
99
100
101
104
93
96
97
94
95
98

--------- ---------------------------------------

1945 ______';:
1944 ______
1943 _____ .h';!'
1942 ______ ~
1941. ______

22,286
21,175
20,181
16,086
11,776

9,538
9,038
7,980
6,331
4,716

11,979
11,333
11,479
9,058
6,474

25,432
24,187
23,035
18,569
13,894

12,896
11,788
10,848
9,860
7,420

12,536
12,399
12,187
9,209
6,474

13,711
13,531
14,138
11,286
7,723

1940 _______
1989 _______
1988 _______
1937 _______
1936 _______

9,132
8,684
8,168
9,217
8,654

3,471
3,366
3,190
3,948
3,651

4,895
4,511
4,496
4,902
4,716

11,010
10,547
10,071
11 ,265
10,643

6,469
6,088
5,744
6,126
5,581

4,541
4,459
4,327
5,139
5,062

1935 _______
1934 _______
1933 ______ ~
1932 _______
1931. ______

7,659
6,780
5,445
4,743
6,371

2,978
3,004
2,473
1,997
2,536

4,108
3,330
2,841
2,746
3,835

9,595
8,486
7,055
6,406
8,378

5,111
4,727
4,374
4,574
5,634

1930 _______
1929 _______
1928 _______
1927~ ______
1926 _______

9,021
11,296
11,072
10,756
10,564

3,840
5,125
5,044
5,157
4,889

5,181
6,171
6,028
5,599
5,675

11 ,388
13,824
13,550
13,251
13,204

1925 _______ 10,995


1924 _______ 10,221
1923 _______ 9,563
1922 _______ 8,594
1921. ______ 8,150

5,526
5,415
4,885
4,321
4,199

5,469
4,806
4,678
4,273
3,951

1920 _______
1919 _______
1918 _______
1917 _______
1916 _______

12,608
14,602
13,461
10,746
7,750

6,654
7,674
6,985
5;660
4,043

1915 ______
1914 _______
1918 _______
1912 _______
191L ______

6,403
6,050
6,248
6,017
5,596

1910 _______

5,793

202
195
192
159
124

201
194
183
142
106

203
194
200
173
140

180
176
167
152
131

185
178
170
154
131

174
173
163
149
131

69
73
79
89
94

181
175
177
182
183

172
169
162
150
132

117
116
119
106
94

5,861
5,262
5,041
6,093
5,361

100
95
97
122
114

88
80
80
115
107

112
108
113
127
120

122
121
123
.131
124

121
120
122
128
123

124
122
125
136
125

98
103
108
116
124

186
183
186
181
180

125
124
126
133
127

80
77
77
92
90

4,484
3,759
2,681
1,832
2,744

5,052
3,531
2,993
2,285
3,482

109
90
72
68
90

102
98
72
60
79

115
84
72
74
99

125
122
108
108
126

124
122
108
108
128

127
123
108
109
123

135
148
164
185
197

178
188
220
254
277

130
129
120
124
141

84
70
60
55
64

7,059
7,780
7,855
7,545
7,505

4,329
6,044
5,695
5,706
5,699

5,114
6,741
6,687
6,314
6,617

128
149
151
142
146

119
135
144
135
140

136
161
158
148
152

146
154
155
153
155

150
159
160
160
162

141
147
148
144
146

206
213
219
223
228

281
279
277
271
270

160
167
168
166
168

80
89
90
86
87

13,567
12,623
11,967
10,883
10,478

7,464
7,495
7,125
6,826
6,875

6,103
5,128
4,842
4,057
3,603

6,866
5,560
5,608
4,850
3,795

156
143
143
132
124

163
156
154
138
121

150
131
132
127
130

156
152
152
149
152

163
159
160
. 156
161

147
142
141
139
141

236
251
261
260
248

265
266
261
259
244

169
167
167
164
165

92
86
86
80
75

5,954
6,928
6,476
5,086
3,707

15,908
17,710
16,232
13,147
9,532

9,130
8,461
7,558
6,136
4,845

6,778
9,249
8,674
7,011
4,687

8,368
9,877
9,660
8,329
5,055

211
215
204
175
118

232
226
215
187
118

192
207
194
165
118

201
202
176
149
124

222
210
177
147
124

174
192
174
151
124

217
180
159
145
131

200
160
151
136
128

202
198
173
148
125

104
109
118
118
94

3,280
2,920
.3,095
3,111
2,925

3,123
3,130
3,153
2,906
2,671

7,968
7,638
7,821
7,561
7,081

4,223
4,120
4,035
3,890
3,646

3,745
3,518
3,786
3,671
3,435

4,395
4,516
4,387
4,335
3,915

99
101
102
99
94

94
94
98
100
100

104
108
106
99
90

105
100
101
100
101

106
101
100
101
100

104
99
102
98
103

122
116
109
101
91

118
117
103
99
91

107
102
102
100
100

93
99
100
99
94

2,950

2,843

7,352

3,599

3,753

4,450

102

103

102

98

98

98

83

90

96

106

1 Includes government payments from 1933 to 1945.


, Includes cash. receipts from farm marketings, government payments 1933 to
date, value of home consumption, and rental value of farm dwellings.
, Data beginning 1940 not completely comparable to earlier years, because of
-certain adjustments which have not been published.
4 Gross farm income minus total farm production expenses.

i Realized net income of farm operators plus value of inventory change plus
wages paid to farm laborers living on farms.
e Base: August 1909-July 1914-100.
7 Ratio of prices received by farmers (series E 95) to prices paid, including
interest and taxes (series E 103).

99

Data:E 105-116

AGRICULTURE

Series E I05-116.-GENERAL STATISTICS-FARM MACHINERY A1JD EQUIPMEtJT AND


FERTILIZER CONSUMPTION: 1850 TO 1945 .
FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT

COMMERCIAL FERTILIZER

Farmers' expenditures forYEAR

1945 _____
1944 _____
1943 _____
1942 ______
L94L ____

Farmers'
expenditures for
fertilizer
and lime

Nutrients contained

Lime
consumed
on farms

Value of
farm
implements
and machinery

Tractors
on farms,
Jan. 1

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

Million
dollars

Million
dollars

Million
dollars

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

Million
dollars

1,000

Thousands

Million
dollars

Million
dollars
6,235
5,418
4,573
3,781
3,241

Sales of
Motor
farm
equipment,
vehicles,
machinery, machinery,
and parts 1
and
equipment

Motor
vehicles

Machinery
and
equipment

Consumed
in
United
States 2

Nitrogen
(N)

Phosphoric
acid

Potash
(KzO)

(P z 05)

short tons

short tons
s 679

short tons
a 1,438

640
509
409
458

1,408
1,237
1,131
994

8746
649
643
547
467

8,656
7,993
7,758
8,433
7,222

419
398
384
412
350

912
789
744
794
673

435
409
393
416
350

261
240
226
248
196

14,406
9,066
7,859
7,199
6,566

235
140
90
84
177

6,534
5,794
5,110
4,545
6,541

312
275
240
214
301

597
530
464
413
611

307
263
222
192
275

177
158
128
125
202

3,5(}5
2,748
1,548
1,811
2,611

2,425
2,215
2,100
1,885
1,675

661.5
589.4
335.5
601.3
596.5

1,257
1,134
683
941
1,008

490
505
278
403
513

767
629
405
538
495

313 ;981
13,330
11,734
10,331
9,607

429.5
358.1
366.7
458.5
368.8

746
694
679
849
701

371
376
318
456
398

375
318
361
393
303

272.3

532
351
183
160
333

297
211
93
76
156

short tons

508
476
423
352
292

short tons
23,028
24,557
18,935
19,838
15,916

1940 __ .. __
1939 _____
1938 _____
1937 _____
1936 _____

3,135
3,125
2,956
2,559
2,306

1,545
1,445
1,370
1,230
1,125

1935 _____
1934 _____
1933 _____
1932 _____
193L ____

2,153
2,115
2,396
2,862
3,145

1,048
1,016
1,019
1,022
997

1930 _____
1929 _____
1928 _____
1927 _____
1926 _____

3,302
3,116
3,000
3,005
2,872

920
827
782
693
621

346.7
412.2
402.9
391.9
364.8

613
783
_696
654
679

289
393
326
301
313

324
390
370
353
366

8,425
8,208
8,215
7,074
7,531

377
352
342
282
286

793
774
776
667
701

354
338
333
268
290

288
293
292
230
250

3,588
3,907
3;806
3,798
3,330

1925 _____
1924 _____
1923 _____
1922 _____
192L ____

2,770
2,817
2,684
3,204
3,.893

549
496
428
372
343

340.3
277.9
312.0
222.9

642
540
605
447
397

312
259
270
212
168

330
281
335
235
229

7,503
6,999
6,571
5,798
4,977

279
252
230
191
159

680
630
591
516
443

283
259
237
226
189

250
231
230
212
221

3,359
3,217
3,076
2,935
2,794

1920 _____
1919 _____
1918 ____
1917 _____
1916 _____

3,595
3,002
2,280
1,852
1,743

246
471.4
158 ------ .. ---85 -- .. -------51 ----------37 -----------

1,062
975
730
653
490

392
378
236
214
144

670
597
494
439
346

7,296
6,751
6,580
6,087
5,214

228
219
217
213
208

660
641
625
596
505

258
88
46
33
16

a82:~;

347"317
236i
179(

2,653
2,476
2,306
2,136
1,966

1915 _____
1914 _____
1913 _____
1912 _____
1911. ____

1,606
1,528
1,459
1,382
1,321

25 ----------17 ----------14 ----------8 ----------4 -----------

454
454
461
471
429

125
76
49
54
44

329
378
412
417
385

5,418
7,194
6,416
5,852
6,108

206
216
173
157
162

515
662
571
521
544

81
237
244
222
232

172
208
182
161
166

1,796
1,626
1,456
1,286
1,116

32

379

5,547
4,821
4,449
4,307
4,249

146
125
107
101
99

499
434
-400
392
391

211
178
160
151
144

149
120

946
776

3,913
3,704
3,382
3,084
3,044

90
84
77
70

129
122
108
96
90

-----------------_ ... _-----248~O-

-----------

1910 _____
1,265
411
1 ----------1909 _____
1908 _____ ----------- ----------- ----------- -------------------------------------------------1907 _____ ----------- ------- ---- ----------- ----------1906 _____ --------------------- ----------- ----------1905 __ ~ __ ----------- --------------------- ----------1904 _____
1903 _____ ----------- ----------- - ---------- --------------- ------ - ---------- --------------------1902 _____
----------- ----------- - ---------- - ---------19D1 _____ --------------------- -

----------- -----------

----------- --------------------- --------------------- --------------------- --------------------- -----------

----------- --- ------------------ --------------------- --- ------------------ --------------------- --------- .... ----------- --- ------------------ --------------------- --------------------- - -------------------- - -------------------- - -------------------- - -------------------- - -------------------- - -------------------- - -------------------- - -----------.--------- - -------------------- - -------------------- - -------------------- - -------------------- -------_ ... - ....
----------- -----------

68

368
344
311
284
282

1900 _____
7iiO ----------1899 _____ ----------- ---------1898 ___ ~_ ----------- - ---------1897 _____
----------- ---------1896 _____
- - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - - - - -1895 _____
--------------------1894 _____
------- ---- ----------1893 _____ -------------------1892 _____ ----------- - - - - - - - - - -189L ____ - - - --- - - - -- - - - - - - - - - --

2,730
2,603
2,333
2,131
1,888

62
60
55
51
50

246
236
212
195
174

86
82
71
63
54

1,578
1,773
1,715
1,504
1,584

39
45
45
40
43

147
165
160
141
150

42
45
42
35
36

1890 _____
1880 _____
1870 _____
1860 ____
1850 _____

1,390
753
321
16,1
53

38
19
14
10
3

132
70
31
12
4

31
13
4
3
1 -----------

----------- --- --------

----------- -------------------- - ---------- ----------- --------------------- - ---------- - ---- ------ ----------- ---------- - ---------- - ---------- - ---------- ---------- - ---------- - ---------- -------- ------------- - ---------- ----------- --------------------- - ---------- ----------- ----------- ---------- - ---------- --- -------- --------------------- - ---------- - ---------- - -------------------- - ---------- - ---------- --------------------- - ---------- ----------- - .-------------------- - ---------- - ---------- --------------------- - ---------- - ---------- ----------- - -------------------- - ---------- - ---------- ----------- - --------------_.----- -----.------ - ---------- ----- ------ --------------------- - ---------- - ---------- ----------- -----------

494
407
271
246
152 ----------- - ----------

----------- - ---------- - ----------

For use in the United States from domestic manufacture.


Includes Hawaii and Puerto Rico. Also fertilizers distributed by Government
agencies.
1

100

First revision. Still subject to minor revision.

-----------

LIVESTOCK, MEAT, DAIRYING, AND POULTRY

117~134

Data: E

Series E 117-134.-LIVESTOCK-NUMBER, VALUE PER HEAD, PRODUCTION AND PRICES:


1867 TO 1945
[Census figures in italics. All figures are as of Jan. 1 except census figures for 1940 and 1930 (Apr. 1); 1910 (Apr. 15); 1900, 1890, 1880,1870 (June 1)]
LIVE WEIGHT PRODUCTION AND ANNUAL AVERAGE PRICE
RECEIVED BY FARMERS, PER 100 POUNDS

NUMBER ON FARMS AND VALUE PER HEAD

Hogs

All cattle
YEAR

Number

Value

Number

te~rd

Stock sheep

Value

Number

Jfe~d

Mules

Value
per
head

Num- Value
ber
tee:d

horses

Value
tee:d

Number

Hogs

Ali cattle

Price, Price,
beef
veal
cattle calves

Production 2

Sheep

Price
per100 Production 2
lbs.

Production 2

Price, Price,
sheep lambs

---132
133
134
-------

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ----1-----1--- ---1----1---1----

117

119

118

1,000

1,000

head

Dollars

1945 _______ _ 82,654

head

66.90
68.40
69.30
55.00
43.20

59,331
83,741
73,881
60,607
54,353

1940 s_______ 60,675

-----40.60
38.44
36.58
34.06
34.06

34,037

68,309
66,029
65,249
66,098
67,847

1935 ________ 68,284

1935 4_______
1934 4 _______
1933 4_______
1932 ____.____
1931- _______
1930

1925 ________

1925 ________
1924 ________
1923 ________
1922 ________
1921- _______

------

68,846
74,369
70,280
65,801
63,030

1 _______

1930 ________
1929 ________
1928 ________
1927 ________
1926 ________

122

20.20
17.78
19.74
26.39
38.99

------

54,250

56.36
58.47
50.6a
39.98
36.80

61,003
58,877
57,322
58,178
60,576

head

------

7.78
11.18
11.26
11.89
12.71

37,213

------

39,066 6.31
58,621 4.09
62,127 4.21
59,301 6.13
54,835 11.35
92,794

39,609
44,270
48,196
49,346
47,441

20.60
17.50
22.50
15.60
8.34

61,165
50,012
44,525
43,083
42,975

55,705
59,042
61,873
55,496
52,105

123

1,000

Dollars

- ... --- _ 46,735 ----- _ 41,224

1945 _______ _ 85,573


1944- ______ _ 85,334
1943 _______ _ 81,204
1942 _______ _ 76,025
1941- ______ _ 71,755
1940 ________
1939 ________
1938 ________
1937 ________
1936 ________

121

120

124

125

- - ---- - ------

------

13.45
12.93
13.17
17.19
15.66

1.0,129

46,266
45,463
44,972
45,251
45,435
48,358

46,139
48,244
47,303
47,682
47,720
41,780

1,000

Dollars

Dollars head
------ _ 3.,130
-8~45- 8,715
64.90 3,235
8.68 9,192 78.60 3,421
9.68 9,605 79.80 3,626
8.66 9,873 64.70 3,782
6.77 10,193 68.20 3,911
6.35
5.74
6.13
6.02
6.35

3,845

4,034
4,163
4,250
4,460
4,628

77.30
84.32
90.89
99.14
96.73

10,629
10,995
11,342
11,598

11,858 ------- 4,818


-----4.33 11 ,861 77.05 4,822

3.77
2.91
3.44
5.40

12,052
12,291
12,664
13,195

4,945
5,046
5,148
5,273

66.88
54.12
53.48
60.64

5,354
------ 13,384 ------69.98 5,382

45,577 9.00 13,742


43,481 10.71 14,234
40,689 10.36 14,792
38,067 9.79 15,388
35,719 10.53 . 16,083

69.68
66.71
63.73
65.31

5,510
5,656
5,804
5,903

------ 3.'; ,590 ------ 16,401 ... ------ 5,681


------ 50,854
55,770 13.15 34,469 9.63 16,651 64.28 5,918

60,760

63,373
65,996
67,546
68,795
68,714

31.72
32.11
31.66
30.39
39.07

1920 ________ 66,640

66,576
69,304
59,849
58,942

10.30
12.29
10.58
13.63

32,859
32,597
33,365
35,426

7.94
7.50
4.79
6.34

17,378
18,125
18,764
19,369

65.39
70.49
71.01
84.48

127

Dollars

pounds

i34~00143.00
127.00
107.00
107.00
ii6~00-

118.58
123.39
130.25
120.63
-99~34-

130

129

Dollars

i3~io- i9~095~526 i4~OO12.40 20,582,87313.10


13.30 25,374,71513.70
12.30 21,105,13313.00
10.30 17,489,485 9.09

i7~043~404

15:702:iio -7~56-

-8~83-

15,177,210
14,046,970
13,745,695
14,437,789

7.14
6.54
7.00
5.82

8.40
7.90
8.10
7.20

17,078,849
14,372,173
12,506,271
12,975,896

i3~650~546

-6~04-

7.16
4.92
4.64
4.95
6.95

12,384,760
16,566,123
16,367,644
16,541,384

-83~93-

1$:263:048

-7~7i- -9~68-

i2:953~ioo

-6~53- -8~59-

12,753,939
12,326,763
12,072,445
12,604,625

-82~9i-

1,000

pounds

i9~345~320 i2~io19,708,29510.80
19,159,37511.90
18,567,99510.70
17,029,460 8.&2

14,537,806
15,404',848
14,232,204
13,385,509

82.45
79.84
74.51
81.51

131

1,000

Dollars Dollars

82.42
60.42
60.70
69.23

13,401,665
13,174,367
13,185,275
12,816,792

5,907 85.89
5,893 86.87
5,824 88.99
5,768 117.37

------ 59,346
------ 35,034 ------ 19,767 --- .. --- 5,432
60,159 20.00 37,328 10.59 20,091 96.45 5,651

128

1,000'

1,000

head

8,499

---_ ... - 10,087 ------10,444

126

4.14
3.75
4.25
5.53

-5~

7.83
7.90
7.64
7.85

2,028,694
2,037,588
1,931,998
1,851,581

61,911,079
1,860,370
1,829,383
2,051,980

4.14
3.53
3.34
5.73

1,822,660
1,772,717
1,664,088
1,609,107

i4~i67:523 10~91-

15,388,156
17,007,565
16,518,111
14,132,316

7.34
6.94
8.40
7.63

1915 _____ ,:: __


1914 ______ -_
1913 _____ __
1912 ____ ..:..: __
1911- _______

63,849
59,461
56,592
5 5,675
57,225

40.67
38.97
33.07
27.68
27.22

56,600 9.95 36,263


52,853 10.51 38,059
53,747 9.89 40,544
55,394 7.99 42,972
55,366 9.33 46,055

112.19
123.47
124.10
120.33
125.73

15,136,310
15,561,942
14,865,589
13,806,621
12,586,484

6.26
6.52
6.20
5.43
4.57

1910 ________ 58,993 24.54 48,072


1909 ________ 60,774 21.99 52,508

______ 39,644 ______ 19,220 _______ 4,101

9.05 46,939
6.45 47,098

YEAR

Num- Value
per
ber
head
117

118

Hogs

Stock sheep

120

121

122

5.30
4.83
4.52
4.25
4.01

NUMBER ON FARMS AND VALUE PER HElAD

123

124

All cattle

Mules 1

125

Value
per
head

YEAR

Hogs

Stock sheep

Horses l

Mules

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -

126

head
lars
head lars head lars head
lars
head
lars
1908 _____ 61,98920.92 58,3885.99 45,0953.87 19,44492.76 3,949 107.81
1907. ____ 63,75420.91 56,5431.54 43,4603.81 19,09092.85 3,814 111.46
1906 _____ 65,00919.65 63,6336.07 41,9653.51 18,80679.77 3,680 97.75
66,11118.39
66,44219.69
66,00421.55
64,41821.48
62,57622.68

1900

53,1765.89
51,6236.08
48,1007.69
47,8586.95
50,6816.08

40,4102.77
41,9082.55
44,4362.62
46;1962.62
46,1262.96

18,49169.73
18,33167.59
18,12162.27
17,96858.52
17,95553.03

3,586
3,465
3,353
3,264
3,190

87.06
78.02
71.73
67:23
63.47

6 ____

52,404 ______ 62 ;868 _____ 39,938 _____ 16,965 ------ 3,039

-5-1--.4-6--

1900 _____
1899 _____
1898 _____
1897. ____
1896 _____

59,73926.5051,0555.36 45,C652.97 17,85643.56 3,139


55,92724.5351,5584.6742,6882.80 17,72836.61 3,012
52,8-6822.7953,2824.70 40,0972.5117,69833.352,918
50,44718.62 51,2324.36 38,8911.84 17,80330.92 2,836
49,20517.86 49,1544.50 39,6091.71 17,87632.34 2,782

43.52
42.31
40.49
44.08

1895 _____
189L ____
1893 _____
1892 _____
189L ____

49,51016.56
51,71316.84
55,11917.00
58,12616.81
59,96816.49

47.23
60.65
69.18
74.31
76.93

47,6285.09
46,5226.06
43,6526.37
45,1654.65
47,4354.24

41,8271.57 17,84935.57 2,708


43,4141.97 17,70946.63 2,632
44,5672.64 17,28960.72 2,550
44,6282.60 16,84664.56 2,459
43,8822.5116,32967.192,377

l890 _____ 57,649 ______ 57,427 _____ 40,876 _____ 15,266 _____ _ $,252

______

1890 _____ 60,01416.9548,1304.80 42,6932.29 15,73269.27 2,322 -77.61


1889 _____ 59,17818.7744,5085.8042,3652.14 15,06472.39 2,295 78.95
1888 _____ 58,59919.3942,1345.1243,0112.06 14,49072.03 2,260 79.06
1 Includes colts.
, Includes adjustment for livestock shipped in and inventory changes.
3 Excludes spring-born calves, pigs, lambs, and colts.

Num- Value Num- Value Num- Value Num- Value Num- Value
ber
tfe~d ber Jfee:d ber Jfee:d ber :e~rd ber rFe~d
117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

head
lars
1887 ____ 56,602 21.18
1886 ____ 54,868 22.20
1885 ____ 52,463 24.40
1884 ____ 49,804 25.26
1883 ____ 47,387 23.87
1882 ____ 45,738 20.93
1881- ___ 44,501 18.67

head lars head lars head


lars
head
42,563 4.60 44,217 2.05 13,821 71.59 2,213
45,457 4.30 46,654 1. 95 13,276 70.62 2,162

47,330 5.06
45,961 5.64
43,440 6.74
42,566 6.00
43,076 4.80

49,620 2.19
51,101 2.40
50,935 2.53
48,883 2.35
47,371 2.35

12,700 72.94
12,215 73.80
11,794 69.92
11,444 58.75
11,187 57.91

126

- - -Dol..:
-

- - - ----------------------111----1----1---1-- - -- -- - - -- 1,000 Dol- 1,000 Dol- 1,000 Dol- 1,000 Dol- 1,000
Dol1,000 Dol- 1,000 Dol- 1,000 Dol- 1,000 Dol- 1,000

1905 _____
1904 _____
1903 _____
1902 _____
190L ____

6.98
6.36
5.99
5.62
5.17

________________________________________________________________ _

HE~D

Horses 1

N
_ Value Num- Value Num- Value Numum
per
b
per
b'
per
b
ber head
er head
er
head
er
119

1,2~4,128

1,270,852
1,186,839
1,275,029
1,127,817

9.26 12.83
10..75 13.96
9.58 12.71
6.28 8.34

4.06 19,972 107.70 4,239 119.98 12,671,577 4.86 6.40 12,024,795 8.14 1,149,833 4.99 6.16
3.42 19,731 95.13 4,085 108.20 13,080,843 ____________ 11,026,749 6.62 1,271,632 ___________ _

NUMBER ON FARMS AND VALUE PER

All cattle

12,517,~12

6.47
7.52
7.54
6.73
6.21

11.88
12.21
11.46
11.66

-8~i7- 1i~64-

9,97 12.68 13,985.,843 16.39 1,142,7(55


9.88 11.73 14,791,531 16.14 1,238,044
8.54 10.42 12,927,941 13.89 1,125,720
6.76 8.37 13,582,465 8.37 1,118,335
13,935,217
12,593,573
12,219,962
11,944.,861

7.17
7.64
7.00
7.19

--925:518

i3~532:950 i2~92-

-8~7i- ii~80-

13,387,352
15,658,139
16,764,055
15,933,296

1910 6 _______ 53,997 ______ 35,134

5.90
5.05
4.46
5.64

6.62 10.80
6.55 10.52
5.96 9.90
4.55 7.13

12:402:914

7.70
7.85
7.51
6.49
5.97

2.85
2.38
2.19
3.10

-7~57- i2~43-

148~29135.58
128.97
118.45
113.78

5,062
4;870
4,683
4,551
4,429

7.78
7.05
8.88
8.05

i:508:345

64,326 22.18 38,360 11.49 20,922 97.94 5,568


62,931 19.69 36,704 11.76 21,238 103.97 5,485
57,578 11.82 35,246 7.06 21,306 102.64 5,353
60,596 8.48 36,260 5.10 21,334 101.45 5,200
103.23
109.27
110.58
105.58
111.11

3.90
3.58
4.52
3.77

1,458,666
1,252,848
1,080,432
1,146,492

52.64
54.65
50.01
43.34
40.10

21,431
21,308
21,008
20,726
20,418

i3~i612.50
13.00
11.70
9.58

15:i75:728 -8~84- 1~965:a37 -4~74- -7~7r

70,400
72,094
73,040
70,979
67,438

4.39
3.91
3.87
3.42
3.83

-6~386.01
6.57
5.80
5.06

iO:672:796 -~65- 1:834:641 -a~75- -;;:28 -

1920 _____': __
1919 ________
1918 _____ : __
1917 ________
1916 _____ "'-. __

Dollar8 Dollars

i:9ii~766
1,938,299
2,107,891
2,313,319
2,251,390

39- 2~ioo ~928 -a ~ 95- - ~10-

6.23
7.74
9.50
9.37

9.47 12.16 15,581,878 9.42


9.52 11.75 16,18~,885 8.54
7.62 10.14 16,339,974 9.64
6.75 9.34 14,909,297 11.79

5.84
5.84
5.73
5.63

pounds

2,102
2,047
1,975
1,928
1,912

~ars

78.39
78.96
81.88
83.53
77.79
71.69
68.84

1880 ____ 39,676 ______ 49,779 _____ 42,192 _____ 10,357 ______ 1 ,813

44;3274.40
43,7673.15
43,3754.89
39,3335.68
35,7155.97

44,8672.18 10,90353.74 1,878 -6i~74


41,6782.01 10,57451.55 1,816 57.06
38,9422.12 10,23055.38 1,746 62.61
38,1472.03 9,91055.11 1,674 63.18
37,4772.20 9,60656.48 1,608 65.51

1880 ____
1879 ____
1878 ____
1877 ____
1876 ____

43,34717.80
41,42016.96
39,39619.05
37,33318.38
36,14018.76

1875 ____
1874 ____
1873 ____
1872 ____
1871- ___

35,36118.9635,8344.6537,2372.39 9,33360.10 1,548


34,82119.5138,3773.93 36,2342.33 9,05564.12 1,485
33,83020.5039,7943.6035,7822.60 8,76765.521,419
33,07821.64 39,2963.96 34,3122.51' 8,44166.54 1,360
32,10724.71 36,6885.48 34,0632.10 8,05470.02 1,305

71.64
80.26
83.49
86.02
91.47

1870 ____ 23,821 ______ $5,135 _____ 28,478 _____

7,145 ______ 1,125 ____ _

1870 ____
1869 ____
1868 ____
1867 ____

7,63366.99 1,245 89.71


7,30460.48 1,130 78.57
7,05152.541,057 56.70
6,82057.561,00067.73

31,08222.84 33,7815.64 36,449l.87


30,06020.74 32,5704.60 39,8921.65
29,23818.3033,3043.2343,8081.83
28,63619.1334,4893.9544,9972.40

4 Government purchases included in figures for all cattle, 1935 and 1934; .. for
hogs, 1933.
5 Includes Government purchases.
fExcludes spring-born colts.

101

AGRICULTURE

Data: E 135-151

Series E 135.-LIVESTOCK-TOTAL WORKSTOCK 2 YEARS OLD AND OVER ON FARIVIS;


1920 TO 1945
[Census figures in italics. All figures are as of Jan. 1 except census figures for 1940 and 1930 (Apr. 1) J
Thousands
of head

YEAR

Thousands
of head

YEAR

Thousands
of head

YEAR

135

135

135

Thousands
of head

YEAR

Thousands
of head

YEAR

135

135

-------------I----------,,-------------I----------"-------------I----------II---~--------I---------11-------------------

1945 ___________ _
1944 ___________ _
1943 ___________ _
1942 _______ ___ _
1941. __________ _

1940

11,116
11 ,668
12,117
12,346
12,651

1 ________ _

1985

13,029

1940 __________ _
1939 __________ _
1938 __________ _
1937. _________ _
1936 __________ _

1 _________ _

1935 __________ _
1934. _________ _
1933 _________ ~_
1932 __________ _
1931. _________ _

13,000
13,273
13,690
14,33.0

14,839

15,1.67

15,473
15,984
16,404
16,822
17,375

1980

1 _________ _

1925 __________ _

17,612

1930 __________ _
1929 __________ _
1928 __________ _
1927. _________ _
1926. _________ _

20,619

1925 __________ _
1924. _________ _
1923 __________ _
1922 __________ _
1921 __________ _

17,981
18,514
19,120
19,765
20,491

21,038
21,578
22,05.0

22,271
22,348

1920 ___________ /

21,879

1920 ________ _

22,389

lOver 27 months old.

SeriesE 136-151.-MEAT-SLAUGHTERING, PRODUCTION, AND PRICE: 1899 'TO 1945


, [Prices are those at Chicago]

YEAR

Total

ProUnder duction,
dressed
Federal
inspec- weight
tion

PORK

VEAL

BEEF

Cattle
slaughtered

Price of
beef
steers
per
cwt.

Calves
slaugh tered
Total!

ProUnder duction,
dressed
Federal weight
inspection

Price of
veal
calves
per
cwt.

LAMB AND MUTTON

Hogs
slaughtered
Total

ProPrice of
Under duction, hogs
dressed
per
Federal
cw~. 2
inspec- weight
tion

Lambs and sheep


slaughtered,
Total

ProPrice of
Under duction, lambs
dressed
per
Federal
cwt.
inspec- weight
tion

- - - ----- ----- - - - - - - - - - - ----- ----- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ------ - - - - - - 142


146
147
150
148
138
143
144
145
149
139
136
140
141
151
137
- - - - ----- - - - - - - - - - ----- ----- - - - - - - - - - - - - ----- ----- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -----'1,000

1,000

Million
pounds

1945 _____
1944 _____
1943 _____
1942 _____
1941. ____

head
21,691
19,844
17,845
18,033
16,419

head
14,531
13,955
11,721
12,340
10,932

1940 _____
1939 _____
1938 _____
1937_;.,_._
1936 3 ____

14,958
14,621
14,822
15,254
15,897

9,7-13
9,446
9,776
10,070
10,972

7,182
7,011
6,908
6,798
7,358

1935 3 ____
1934 , ____
1933 5 ____
1932 _____
1931. ____

14,566
15,071
13,107
11 ,980
12,096

9,666
9,943
8,655
7,625

6,605
48,246
6,440
5,789
6,009

1930 _____
1929 _____
1928 _____
1927 _____
1926 _____

12,056
12,038
12,028
13,413
14,766

1.0 ,180

1925 ____ ~
1924 _____
1,.923 _____
1922 _____
1921. ____

14,704
14,750
14,283
13 ;706
12,428
13,47.0

192.0 _____

8,1.08

1.0 ,279

9,115
8,575
8,847
8,.089

Dollars
16.18
15.44
15.3.0

13.79
1L33
1.0.43

9.75
9.39
11.47
8.82
1.0;26

6.76
5.42
6.70
8.06

6,07.0

1,.075

5,679

8,.057

4,907
4,492
4,717

1,022
1,239
891
822
823

5.88
6.21
8.33

9,580
10,106
8,564
7,970

6,.078

head
40,960
69,017
63.431
53,897
46,520

1.0.61

77,610
66,561
58,927
53,715
58,730

5.0 ,398

9.82
9.0.0

10.07
9.30
8.88
6.1.0

41,368
36,186
31,642
36,055

Million
poundll

10,876
9,528

27,.073

13.7.0

25,585

10,.044

8,660

5.71
6.57

7,68.0

8, . .09
1.0'.02

13,304
13,64.0

6,951
7,474

9.45

17,216

71 ,425
69,233

6.65
5.92
7.26

44,266
48,445
49,795
43,633
40,636

8,482
8,833
9,041
8,430
7,966

9.47
10.16
9.22
9.95
12.34

21,125
17,483
17,076
16,113
16,444

16,697
14,023
13,488
12,883
12,961

825
682
663
629
639

9.69
14.62
14.99
14.12
14.26

43,.043

52,873
53,334
43,114
38,982

8,128
9,149
9,483
8,145
7,697

11.81
8.11
7.55
9.22
8.51

15,430
15,578
15,146
14,373
16,742

12,001
11 ,991
11,529
10,929
13,005

603
597
588
553
639

15.66
14.57
13.89
13.68
9.86

38,019
41,812
41,214

7,648
8,477
8,349
7,055

13.91
17.85
. 17.45
15.10
9.60

13,984
15,784
13,220
12,128
15,160

10,982
12,691
1.0,320
9,345
11,941

538
590
506
463
585

14.60
16.00
16.60
15.60
10.75

12,212
14,229

605
693
706
135
693

9.0'1)
8.0.0
7.7.0
7.2.0

597
608
559
553
543

7.55

8.65
8.20

3,8.08

8,609
10,091
11 ,829

6,306
6,756
7,726
7,239
6,460

13.30
15.50
14.65
11.60
9.50

8,481
8,201
7,485
7,372
6,628

4,058
3,969
3,456
3,143
2,367

842
819

65,10.0

744
655

14.58
16.83
15.75
13.78
10.98

56,500
67,000

33,91.0

43,084

8,2.07

6,075

8.40
8.65
8.25
7.75
6.40

6,054
5,927

1,819
1,697
1,902
2,278
2,184

590
569
608
662
666

10.08
10.1.0
10.20
8.94
7.91

62,000
55,000
57,000
55,500
57,000

38,381
32,532
34,199
33,053
34,133

7,616
6,824
6,979
6,822
6,961

7.10
8.30
8.35
7.55

6,917
6,864
6,546
6,395
6,187

2,238
2,189
; 1:,958

8.25
7.10
.6.50
6.40
6.25

48,215
54,986
63,463
56,527
54,698

26,014
31,395
38,643
32,885
31,610

6,087
6,557
7,535
7,059
6,793

8.9.0

1,643

667
660
637
626
598

7.35
5.70
6.10
6.25

5,731
5,076
5,044
4,854
4,318

1,089
870
792
679
571

556
491
492
476
422

5.75
5.60
6.20
6.35
5.61

54,433
52,,072
48,548

31,855
30,072
26,971
26,375
31,129

6,629
6,38,7
6,067
5,936
6,357

6 . .00

6.85
5.85

4,105

422

397
387

6,329
6,310

5.05
4.05

7,808
7,714
7,279
7,633
7,541

6,647
6,915
,6,662
6,544
6,537

1905 _____
1904 _____
1903 _____
1902 _____
1901. ____

13,.096

7,259

6,5.04

12,257
12,266
11,751
11 ,526

6,7.02

6,176

5.05
4.95

6,755
6,465
6,312

6,24.0

4.8.0

5,649
5,814

6.20
5.25

10,792

5,801

5,628
5,522

5.15
5.30

-------- - -------

6.8.0

6.35
6.10
5.80
5.30

2,.024

-------- --------

65,508
76,809
66,201
61,818
61,5.02

65,795

48,3.06

53,898

-------- 51,885 29,294


-------- -------- --------

1 Includes inspected, noninspected, retail, and farm slaughter.


2 Excludes processing tax of $.0.50 per 10.0 pounds from Nov. 5 to 30, 1933; $1.00
from Dec. 1, 1933, to Jan. 31, 1934; $1.50 from Feb. 1 to 28; and $2.25 from Mar.
I, 1934, to Jan. 6, 1936.
Excludes cattle and calves purchased for slaughter for Federal Surplus Relief
Corporation from June 1934 to Feb. 1935 and for Aug. 1936: excludes also cattle
thua purchased for Sept. 1936.

10.78
9.91

877
821
852
884
885

77,5.08

14,140
14,135
13,569
13,886
13,456

9.66,
9.33

17,354
17,899
18,071

10.87
9.86
9.66
9.15
9.36

1910 _____
1909 _____
1908_. ___
1907 _____
1906 _____

8.5.0

17,644

989
972
916
852
820

6,828
6,855

876
872
897
852
'855

22,(}OD

5,353
4,935
4,500
4,182

6,3.05

14.9.0

14.52
14.91
13.82
11.28

20,444
21,848
23,063
23,138

9,936
9,804
9,327
8,832
8,394

6,.017

Dollars

9.27
4.65
3.94
3.83
6.16

10.16
9.24

6,182
6,234
6,549

18,.060
17,27.0

l~O54

1,024
1,104
1.,,,043
924

5,919
8,524
9,134
8,923
8,739

26,.057

6,878
6,877
6,721
6,588
6,022

7,153
6,757
6,978
7,253
7,619

17,349
17,241

Million
pounds

43,876
47,226
45,245
44,772

46,011
68,760
73,27.0

9,853
9,593
9,163
8,678
7,608

8,310

22,3.09

1,000

head
21,218
21,875
.23,363
21,624
18,122

9.89

67,272
71,012
72,889
66,195
62,585

76.0

head
24,639
25,355

21,571
21,614
22,423
21,455
21,555

11.51
14.76
14.56
12.90
11.61

9.4.0

1,000

Dollars
14.66
13.57
14.31

1.0 ,697

792
761
773
867
955

12,901
12,676
12,939
13,386
13,817

102

1,000

head
71 ,891
98,068
95,226
78,547
71,397

4,595
4,489
4,680.
4,876
5,153

____
1914 _____
1913 _____
1912 _____
1911. ___ .

1900 _____
1899 __ --_

1.0,008

9,089
9,191

5,76.0

1,000

Dollars
15.12
14.86
15.18
14.48
12.18

7,761
7,406
7,651
8,478
9,369

1.0 ,350

1915~

981
991
994
1,108

head
7,020
7,769
5,209

10.95
13.43
13.91
11.36
9.47

15,741
13,793

15,027

9,3.06
1.0 ,304

5,358
5,264
5,492
6,281

1,000

5,917
5,871'
5,771
6,395
7,089

8,170
8,324
8,467
9,520

1919 _____
1918 _____
1917 _____
1916 _____

17,.093

5,461

Million
pounds
1,661
1,738
,1,167
1,151
1,036

1,000

head
13,645
14,242
9,940
9,718
9,252

6.7.0

5.25
5.15

15,576
18,.035

18,375
19,131
18,177
15,332
15,464
14,200
13,,799
13,800
13,10.0

13,100
13,800
13,700

16,.055

14,4.06

14,979
14,020
11 ,4.08

11 ,343
1.0,3.05
1.0,252
1.0,385

1.0,026
1.0,.046

13,20.0

10,508
10,519
9,996

12,000

8,940

-------- --------

9 . .02
8 . .01

5.95
7.4.0

6.35
7.05
6.85

530
538
563
564
548

6.8.0

5.60
5.45
5.5.0

4.80

_----------- -

493 - ..

481

4 Includes slaughter under the Emergency Government Relief Purchase Program


in 1934-1935.
:; Excludes purchases on Government account for the Emergency Hog Production
Control Program from Aug. 22 to Oct. 7, 1933 .

LIVESTOCK, MEAT, DAIRYING, AND POULTRY

Data: E 152-164

Series E 152-164.-DAIRYING-COWSKEPT FOR MILK ON FARMS, MILK PRODUCED AND


SOLD, MANUFACTURED DAIRY PRODUCTS: 1849 TO 1945
[Census figures in italics. See text for specification of census dates]
COWS AND HEIFERS

2 YRS. OLD AND OVER


KEPTJ!~~ l~!f.ILK,
YEAR

Number

Value
per head

152

153

154

155

156

157

158

159

160

161

162

163

164

Million
pounds

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

Dollars

Million
pounds

Million
pounds

Million

1,000

head
194L_~---

1945 _____ _
1944 _____ _
1943 _____ _
1942 _____ _
194L ____ _
1940 _____ _

1940 _____ _
1939 _____ _
1938 _____ _
1937. ____ _
1936 _____ _
1935_~

___ _

1935 _____ _
1934 _____ _
1933 _____ _
1932 _____ _
193L ____ _
1930 __ ___ _

1930 _____ _
1929 _____ _
1928 _____ _
1921_____ _
1926 _____ _
19~5

_____ _

1925 _____ _
1924 _____ _
1923 _____ _
1922 _____ _
1921. ____ _
1920 _____ _

1920 _____ _
1919 _____ _
1918 _____ _
1917 ______ .
1916 _____ _

22,803

27,770 ----99~40102.00
27,704
99.50
27,138
77.90
26,313
60.90
25,453

pounds

pounds

pounds

pounds

pounds

gallons

pounds

pounds

--121:504- ---75.:455- 1:700:707- 1:363:717- --336:990- 1:118:944- i::i:i8:944- 4:125:064- --476:609- ==========
117,992
117,785
118,884
115,268

70,007
65,855
65,047
58,066

1,817,650
2,014,908
2,130,424
2,267,659

1,488,502
1,673,788
1,764,054
1,872,183

.'J29,148 1,019,875 1,019,875 3,750,223


341,120
995,631
995,631 3,343,561
366,370 1,113,315 1,113,315 3,782,219
395,476
956,577
956,577 3,554,583

444,198
411,626
464,146
390,175

___ .______
__________
__________
__________

---6i~62ir
61,357
63,599
67,764
67,627

~i:~~b ----57~30- --109:502- ---53:272- 2;239:516- 1:836:826- --402:690- --785:737- --785:737- 2:730:778- --318:088- ========== ---62:679-

24,600
24,466
24,649
25,196

55.73
54.52
50.45
49.32

106,792
105,807
101,908
102,410

50,018
49,106
47,037
45,511

2;',210,426
2,240,162
2,096,241
2,131,307

1,781,737
1,786,172
1,623,971
1,629,407

428,689
453,990
472,270
501,900

708,763
725,489
648,997
642,551

708,763 2,367,256
725,489 2,322,352
648,997 2,131,408
642,5512,270,339

304,522
281,939
280,901
243,551

___ .______
__________
__________
__________

60,314
60,620
56,580
57,234

~~:g~~ ----30~17- --101:205- ---42:624- 2:171:490- i:632:380- --539:110- --620:956- --620:956- 2:031:615- --199:385- ========== ---56:769-

26,931
25,936
24,896
23,820

27.00
29.18
39.51
57.03

101,621
104,762
103,810
103,029

40,950 2,253,357 1,694,708


40,7782,342,5331,762,688
40,529 2,275,582 1,694,132
41,590 2,211,847 1,667,452

558,649

579,845
581,450
544,395

579,122
543,735
484,103
492,379

579,122 1,908,019
543,7351,898,536
484,103 1,779,580
492,379 1,682,387

179,594
148,913
154,604
208,239

__________
__________
__________
__________

57,579
58,697
56,575
55,875

~~:M~ ----82~70- --100:158- ---41~344- 2:121:032- 1:597:747- --523:285- --500:367- --500:367- 1:761:399- --240:750- ---56:483- ---54:764-

22,440
22,231
22,251
22,410

83.89
73.38
59.15
54.65

98,988
95,843
95,172
93,325

40,190 2,160,156 1,618,092


37,085 2,113,848 1,536,808
35,1642,171,4721,564,227
34,104 2,156,418 1,536,098

.542,064

577,040
607,245
620,320

487,200
481,227
449,444
475,362

487,200 1,848,917
481,227 1,604,095
449,4441,576,192
474,603 1,455,990

259,787
241,774
238,797
229,196

57,591
54,732
54,582
53,422

_________ _
_________ _
_________ _
_________ _

~g:~~g ----48~34- ---90:699- ---33:100- 2:074:355- 1:455:625- --618:730- --496:406- --494:773- 1:547:577- --230:804- ---53:628- ==========

22,331
22,138
21,851
21,456

49.91
89,240
32,0462,082,013
48. 65 __ ~ _________________ 1,985,589
48.68 ____________________ 1,870,325
61.19 ____________________ 1,741,371

1,439,210
64~,803
1 ;319,698 ____ __ _ __ _
1,226,772 _ _ __ __ ____
1,131,605 _____ _ __ _ _

472,046
458,452
437.632
428,453

469,698
455,401
433,987
424,211

1,507,237
1,585,446
1,280,745
1,323,626

194,056
194,618
172,954
159,696

54,211
52,204
48,629
45,759

_________ _
_________ _
_________ _
_________ _

~f:1~~ ----81~5i"
===~======
==========
1:566:558- --929:310- ========== --436:852- --431:800- 1:416:262- --160:325- ---42:446- ==========
78.37
67,124
21,752 '1,646,172
938,505
707,667
481,702
475,331 1,883,448
144,073
45,388 _________ _

21,545
21,536
21,212
20,752

20,270
1915______
1914- _____ .19,821
1913______
19,580
1912______
19,517
1911._____
19,422
1910 _____ _

~~~~

MILK EQUIVALENT OF
MANUFACTURED DAIRY

PRODUCTION OF DAIRY PRODUCTS

Milk pro-IWhole m i l k l - - - - - - - - - - - - i - - - - - - - T - - - T - - - - I ___PRODUCTS _ _


duced on sold from I
Cheese 2
Based on
Butter
farms
farms
Evap~U. S. totals Eased on
during
during
Ice
rated and
y'ear
year 1
cream' andapprox. State data
con~nsed
cODversion
net e
milk.!
Total
Factory
Farm
Total
Factory
factors 5

17 ,1~5

1910 _____ _
1909 _____ _
1908 _____ _
1901- ____ _
1906 _____ _

19,450
19,201
18,992
18,629
18,230

1905 _____ _
1904 _____ _
1903 _____ _
1902 _____ _
1901. ____ _

17,823
17,485
17,217
16,992
16,708

1900 ___ __ _

17,136

1900 _____ _
1899 ______ .
1898 _____ _
1897 _____ _
1896 _____ _

16,544
16,094
15,641
15,382
15,266

1895 _____ _
1894. ____ _
1893 _____ _
1892 _____ _
1891. ____ _

15,230
15,237
15,164
15,177
15,133

189o __ ___ _

16,51~

70.63 ____________________ 1,463,837


59.51 ____ ~ _______________ 1,647,751
53.81 ____________________ 1,793,113

832,069 __________
837,727 __________
825,134 __________

405,605
485,667
437,248

399,571 71,618,696 __________


477,643 71,391,163 __________
429,348 71,195,613 __________

40,077 _________ _
44,010 _________ _
45,927 . ________ _

55.30
53.91
45.04
39.42
40.07

780,005
786,003
766,926
721,636
692,367

457,311
385,743
314,669
336,974
357,059

448 ;300 71,027,551


883,113
377,513
366,066 7786,627
328,691 7700,682
347,740 76U,128

44,677
42,101
40,010
38,963
42,464

---------- ----------

1,750,613

---------- 1,684,749.
------------------- --------'-- 1,608,262

---------- ------------------- ----------

1,591,547
1,761,821

----------------------------------------------

---------72,000

----------

----------

----------

------... ---- ---- .... ------------ -- ... -- ... ... _--_ ... _---

----gftf ===~i:~ii= ===i~~~~6= E~gt:nr --~~]~r ==~~i:~i~= --g~t:~~f --HE~~r -i~~f~gr ===~~~~ii= ---~~:~~r :=:=:==:=:
30.48 ____________________ 1,762,689
30.63 ____________________ 1,537,056
29.34 ____________________ 1,545,247

27.19
29.00
30.06
29.08
29.88

----31~30-

____________________
____________________
_______ ~ ____________
____________________
____________________

1,667,495
600,123
1',539,553
533,449
1,485,358
515,830
1,400,557
460,790
1,574,764468,664

__________
__ __ __ _ ___
__________
__________
__ ___ _ __ _ _

312,965
285,819
292,161

302,967
275,967
281,330

7450,475 __________
7409,790 __________
7372,780 __________

41,439 _______ __
36,29() _________ _
36,403 _________ _

326,993
331,099
322,912
317,750
362,074

314,024
317,145
308,475
302,734
344,046

7339,112 __________
308,485
12,199
7279,074 __________
7252,467 __________
7 228 ,396 _~ ___ __ _ __

39,210
36,468
35,159
33,248
37,280

========== ========== i:54o~080- --443:484========== --323~788420,954 1,071 ,626


299,006

29.46
62,486
18,360 1,492,580
27.34 ____________________ 1,472,854
23.08 ____________________ 1,532,530
22.53 ____________________ 1,603,956

22.11
21.86
21.90
21.53
21.73

625,278 __________
562,607 __________
594,878 __________

----------------------------------------------

---------- 1,296,519

1,062,819
---------- 1,047,003
---------1,057,532
------------------- 1,090,981

-306~879- -7-206:621-

==========

402,931 __________
406,459 __ __ __ __ _ _
391,690 __ __ __ __ _ _

280,804
310,543
239,833

282,634
186,922
5,021
265,193 ______________
293,016 ___ ___ ____ __ _ __ __ ___
226,096 __ _ __ __ ___ __ _____ ___

----------

233,877
256,711
253,581
318,396
293,357

220,285
241,579
238,420
299,093
275,328

308,638
248,711
240,789
228,089
230,365

----------

-------------------

----------

~_____

---------- ------------------- ------------------- ---_ ... -- ------------ -- ----- ------------ ----------

---36~io634,806
34,145
35,640
36,385

_________ _
_________ _
_________ _
_________ _
_________ _

==:::=====

_________ _
_________ _
_________ _
_________ _

29,828 ---------25,113_ ---_ .. _---24,718 _.. --25,561


...
25,990
.... ----

-- ---

-- -- -- -----_

it~~g ----~r8r
===ii~~~;= ========== F~~~:~Ar
--~~~:Hr
i~~~i~~~~= --g~r~gr --~~fggr
===ii:i~;= ======iii: ---~~:~gr
::===:=::=
24.82 __________ __________
978,009
166,508 __________ 286,005
266,796 __________ __________
23,494 _________ _

1890 _____ _
1889 _____ _
1888 _____ _
1887 _____ _
1886 _____ _

14,350
13,888
13,478

26.23 __________ __________


27.52 __________ __________

978,190
988,842

152,580 __________
137,475 __________

267,521
244,362

248,431 __________ __________


225,856 __________ __________

23,301 ______ __ _
23,283 _________ _

18f!5. ____ _
1884 _____ _
1883 _____ _
1882 _____ _
1881. ____ _

13,213
12,883
12,571
12,234
11 ,977

29.88
31.58
30.47
26.12
23.82

933,086
869,351
843,728
742,526
802,817

125,160 ---------104,546 - .... -------91,087 ---------65,833 ---------59,172 ----------

259,802
274,690
281,473
261,057
303,582

238,943
251,332
256,144
236,215
273,051

22,258
21,061 --- ......
20,584
... ..
18,248 ..... ..
..
19,934 - .. .. _---- ..

---------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------

----------

-------------------

- ... -----------------

---------.
-----_----_-_- ----

See footnotes on next page.

103

AGRICULTURE

Data: E 152-166
15~164.-DAIRYING~COWS

Series E

KEPT FOR MILK ON FARMS, MILK PRODUCED AND


SOLD, MANUFACTURED DAIRY PRODUCTS: 1849 TO 1945-Con.
[Census figures are in italics. See text for specifications of census dates]
COWS AND HEIFERS
YRS. OLD AND OVER
KEPT FOR MILK,
JAN. 1

2
YEAR

1880 _________________________ _
1879 _________________________ _
1878 ___________ . _____________ _
1877 _________________________ _
1876 ____________________ .; ____ _
1875 _________________________ _
1874 _________________________ _
1873 _________________________ _
1872 ____________ ____________ _
1871 _________________________ _
~

1870 _________________________ _
1870 _________________________ _
1869 _________________________ _
1868 ___________________ .______ _
1867 _________________________ _

PRODUCTION OF

MHk

DAIRY PRODUCTS

Cheese

Butter

Evaporated and
condensed
milk'

equivalent,

etc.,

Ice
cream

based on

Number

Value
per head

152

153

155

156

157

158

159

160

161

162

163

1,000

1,000'

1,000

1,000

1,000

pounds

pounds

1,000

Dollars

Million
pounds

1,000
gallons

MiUion
pounds

1,000
1880 _________________________ _

Whole milk
sold from
farms
during
year I

head
12,443
11 ,754
11 ,486
11,222
11 ,004
10,821
10,714
10,562
10,348
10,191
9,941

Factory

Total

pounds

Factory

Total

Farm

pounds

pounds

pounds

----~r~r ::::i~ii~: --~~r~~f ---~ff~f ::~~~:~~b: --~:~:f~r --~H:g~r


25.70 __________
25.14 __________
25.20 __________

25.29
25.20
26.32
29.18
33.62

-----------... _-------------------------_ .. _-----

U.S.'

:::ii:5ii: ::::::iii: ---~~:~gr

725,991 __________ __________


696,118 __________ ________ __
677,424 __________ __________

303,440
235,242
214,334

264,862 __________ __________


201,562 __________ _ ___ __ ____
179,958 __________ __________

18,307
16,995
16,890

-- ... ------- ------------------- -----------------------------------------------.. ------- ----------

232,784
205,539
212,064
186,940
164,065

191,138 ..
164,661 ...
165,.301
141,328
119,836

-_-------_------- ..-------------- ---. -.-----------------------_


..... ------------------- .. _--------

14,029
14,847
14,029
10,997
11,527

556,314
584,566
566,389
434,051
470,245

~:~~g -';--3i~S9- :::::::::: --4i2~i30- :::::::::: :::::::::: --iSO:780- --i2S:98S- :::::::::: :::::::::: ---iO:472-

9,205
8.,705
8,263

28.86 _______________________________________________
2,025
514,093 __________ 514,093
162,927
3,786
24
12,434_
26.96
._____ 109,435
;. ____________________________________
29.40 _________________________
__________________________________________ -------- _________ _
-~--

1860__________________________
8,586
__ __________
.
_
1859 ____________________________________ :::::::: ____________ --459:68r :::::::::: - 459~68r --i03~664- :::::::::: :::::::::: --------41850__________________________
6,985 _________________________________________________________________________________________ _
1849 ________ ~ _______ ~_________ __________ __________ __________ 313,845 __________ 913,345
105,536 ______________________________

---iii~690-

----7:686-

. II Computed from manufactured products on basis of the following conversion


factors: Butter,21; cheese, 10; eyap,orated and condensed mlIk, 2.2; ice cream, 12;
fa::!eguft~:'a:d6ia~:::' ch~~;:. milk, 8; dry cream, 19. Includes milk equivalent of

I Includes ,sales to plants and dealers and retail deliveries by farmers direct to
consumers.
2 Includes all cheese except cottage, pot, and bakers'.
I From 1919 to date includes evaporated milk,' bulk unsweetened condensed
whole milk, and sweetened con4ensed 'whole milk, both case and bulk, as compiled
by the Bureau of Agricultural Economics. Prior to 1919, includes total production
of all condensed and evaporated milk as obtained in Cell$us enumerations.
4 Prior to 1909merely'an estimated trend ,of production.

G Conversion factors based on fat in product and average butterbt test of milk
in each State. FOl:,buttel' and ice cream, net milk equivalents were,:fised to avoid
double countingoUat recovered from cheese making and churned into butter, and
of fat in, condtmsed milk and butter reused in making ice cream. Includes milk
equivalent of farm butter.
.
7 Interpolated trend of production.

Series E 165-166.-DAIRYING-WHOLESALE PRICES OF CHEESE AND BUTTER: 1830 TO 1945


Cheese
Butter
American,
at
'. twins,
New York
per lb. 1
per lb. 3

YEAR

165
,

166

1945 ______
1944 ______
1943 ______
1942 _____ ~
1941. _____

Cents
23.2
23.2
23.2
21.6
19.4

Cents
43.1
42.2
44.8
40.1
34.3

1940 __ '"~ __
1939 _____
-1938 _____ ,;
.193'L __ ~_~
1936 _____

14.3
12.8
12.6
15.9
15.3

29.5
26.0
28.0
34.4
33.1

1935 ______
1984 ______
1933 ______
1932 _____ ~
1931. _____

14.3
11.7
10.2
10.0
12.5

1930 ______
1929 ______
1928 ______
1927 ______
1926 ______
1925 ______
1924 ______
1923 ______
1922 ______
1921. _____

YEAR

Butter
Cheese
American,
at
twins,
New York
pertb. 1
per lb. 2
165

166

165
1895 _______
1894- ______
1893 _______
1892 _______
1891. ______

Cents
21.2
23.0
27.1
26,3
26.2

1890 _______
1889 _______
1888 _______

a 9.0
a 8.7

Cents
61.4
60.7
51'.5
42.7
34.0

1915 _______
1914 _______
1913 _______
1912 _______
1911 _______

14.2
14.6
14.3
15.6
12.7

29,8
29.8
32.2
31.6
27.9

1886 _______

29.8
25.7
21.6
21.0
28.3

1910 _______
1909 _______
1908 _______
1907 _______
1906 _______

14.7
14.6
12.2
13.4
11.8

31.1
29.9
27.6
28.1
24.6

16.4
20.2
22.1
22.7
20.1

36.5
45.0
47.4
47.3
44.4

1905 _______
1904 _______
______
1902 _______
1901. ______

11. 7
9.3
11.1
11.2
9.8

21.5
18.2
22.1
19.3
18.3

45.3
42.6
46.9
40.6
43.3

1900 _______
1899 _______
1898 _______
1897 _______
1896 _______

10.0
a 10.6
a 7.6
38,5
a 7.7

1903~

Butter
at
New York
per lb. 2

YEAR

166

Butter
at
New York
per lb. 2
166

1870 _______
1869_~ _____
1868 _______
1867 _______
1866 _______

Cents
38.1
43.3
44.7
34.8
42.7

1845 _______
1844 ___ ___
1843 _______
1842 _______
1841. ______

Cents
17.7
15.2
13.3
16,5
18.6

8.1
110.8
s 9.6

23.7
24.4
27.5
26,7
26.8

1865 _______
1864 _______
1863 _______
1862 _______
1861. ______

39.8
43.7
28.2
20.9
19,4

1840 _______
1839 __ . ____
1838 _______
1831- ______
1836 _____ ._

17.4
22.9
23.4
21.6
23.9

1885 _______
1884 _______
1883 _______
1882 _______
188L ______

! 8.7
JILl
'11.0
111.9
' 12.4

26,6
30.3
31.2
35.6
31.8

1860 _______
1859 _______
1858 _______
1857 _______
1856 _______

21. 9
23.9
23.8
25.7
25.8

1835 _______
1834-_. ____
1833 _______
1832 _______
1831. ______

19.2
14.4
15.8
15.2
14.9

24.6
21. 7
23.4
24.7
21.4

1880 _______
1879 _______
1878 _______
1877 _______
1876 _______

s 12.5
s 8.0

30.5
24.2
27.3
28.5
31.3

1855 _______
1854 _______
1853 _______
1852 _______
1851. ______

26.4
23.0
23.0
23.6
18.4

1830 ____ __

13.9

22.2
21.3
19.6
19.0
18.5

1875 _______
1874 _______
1873 _______
1872 _______
1871. ______

32.8
36.2
35.4
32.0
33,6

1850 _______
1849 _______
1848 _______
1847 _______
1846 _______

19.6
18.9
20.1
20.7
16.7

18R7 _______

1 On Wisconsin cheese exchange, based on weekly prices established on Friday


each week.
2 Annual averages of monthly figures from sources and for grades as follows:
1830-79, average of high and low for 2 days each week, high grade, New York
shipping and commercial list; 1880-95 average of monthly range, creamery extras,
annual reports of New York Chamber of Gommerce; 1896-1920, average of daily

104

YEAR

166

Cents
' 7.4
a 10.2
9.6
19.3
18.9

Cents
24.9
29.0
25.9
22.5
17.5

1920~ ______
. 1919 _______
1918 _______
1917 _______
1916 _______

Cheese
Butter
American,
at
twins,
New York
per lb. 1
per lb. 2

YEAR

--------------------------------------- ... ---------------------------------

puotations for extra fresh, specials, extras and firsts, or fresh extras, New YO'rk
roduce Relliew and American Creamery, published by Urner-Barry Company;
1921 to date, 92 score creamery, daily market reports of U. S. Department of
Agriculture.
September figure shown because annual averages were not available.

LIVESTOCK, MEAT, DAIRYING, AND POULTRY,

Data: E 161-180

Series E'167-170.-DAIRYING-PRICES RECEIVED BY FARMERS: 1909 TO 1945


PRICES RECEIVED BY FARMERS FOR DAIRY PRODUCTS

YEAR

Butter,
per.
pouna

Butterfat
in cream,
per pound

167

PRICES RECEIVED BY FARMERS FOR DAIRY PRODUCTS

Whole milk

168

Retail,
per quart

169

1945. ________ _
1944- ________ _
1943 _________ _
________ _
1941. ________ _

Cents
50.2
50.3
49.9
39.6
34.2

Dollars
3.19
3.:'.1
3.12
2.57
2.18

Cents
13.4
13.2
12.8
11.8
10.8

1940 _________ _
1939 _________ _
1938 _________ _
1937 _________ _
1936 _________ _

26.6
25.0
26.6
29.6
28.8

28.0
23.9
26.3
33.3
32.2

1.82
1.68
1.72
1.97
1.93

10.3
10.3
10.3
10.5
10.1

1935 _________ _
1934 _________ _
1933 _________ .
1932 _________ _
1931. ________ _

26.7
22.7
20.1
20.8
27.2

28.1
22.7
18.8
17.9
24.8

1.74
1. 55
1.30
1.28
1. 69

9.8
9.4
8.6
8.9
10.1

1930 _________ _
1929 _________ _
1928 _________ _
1927_________ _

36.3
42.2
42.6
41. 5

34.5
45.2
46.1
44.5

2.21
2.53
2.52
2.51

11.3
11.5
11.5
11.3

Whole milk

Butterfat
in cream,
per pound

167

J70

Cents
45.3
43.8
43.7
35.2
30.4

1942~

Butter,
per
pound

YEAR

Wholesale,
per 100 Ibs.

Wholesale,
per 100 ins.

Retail,
per quart

169

168

170

1926 ___________

Cents
40.9

Cffflts
41.6

Dollars
2.38

Cents
11.3

1925 ___________
1924- __________
1923 ___________
1922 ___________
1921. __________

40.5
39.5
40.4
35.3
37.0

42.4
40.4
42 .. 2
35.9
37.0

2.38
2.22
2.49
2.11
2.30

11.2
11.1
10.9
lOA
11.2

1920 ___________
1919 ___________
1918 ___________
1911- __________
19.16 ___________

54.3
50.3
42.7
35.9
28.0

55.5 .
53.3
45.4
38.0
29.4

3.,22
3.29
2.96
2.38
1. 73

12.8
11.9
10.6
8.9
7.4

1915 ___________
1914 ____ ". ______
1913 ___________
1912 ___________
191L __ :. _______

25.7
25.1
26.7
25.7
22.9

25.9
25.5
27.4
26.7
23.2

1.58
1.60
1.61
1.59
1.52

7.1
7.2
7.1
6.9
6.7

1910 ___________
1909 ___________

25.5
24.0

26.4
25.5

1.58

6.6
6.4

--------_ .. _..... -

Series E 171-IS0.-POULTRY-NUMBER ON FARMS, VALUE, EGGS PRODUCED, PRICES:


1909 TO 1945
[Census figures are in italics and are as of Jan. 1 for 1945,1935,1925 and 1920; Apr. 1,1940 and 1930; and Apr. 15, 1910]
EGGS

CHICKENS

YEAR

Number,

Jan.

Value
per head,
Jan. 1

171
1945 _______ -,_..c _______ _
1944 ________ : ________ _
1943 _________________ _
1942 ______ _________ _
1941. _____ .:";. __________ .
~~,

1940 _____ ______ - -- - --_

172

173

Thousands
516,497
582,197
542,047
476,935
422,841

Dollars
.1.210
1.180
1.040
0.833
0.654

337,949

0.560

----555:563-

438,288
418,591
389,624
423,921
403,446

0.700
0.756
0.656
0.755

1935 _________________ _

371,609

0.515 .

389,958
433,937
444,523
436,815
449,743

0.544
0.420
0.449
0.615
0.703 '

1930 ____ _______ - - - -- -_

1980 _________ -_ - ---'- -_


1929 _________________ _
1928 _________________ _
1927 ________________ -_
1926 ____________ -- ---_
1925 ________________ --

978,878

468,491
449,006
474,997
460,999
438,000
409,291

0~605

g:~~:
0.911
0.858
0.906
0.885

-------13~2-

621,063
583,207
532,580
650,608

----597:769-

434,998
434,853
415,100
394,950
370,125

0.761
0.746
0.808
0.893

1920 _____ __________ - --

578,322
684,929
672,619
646,579

359,597

-----33:60934,429
35,614
36,298
38,532

37,921
38,659
38,627
37,248

0.972

19.1
19.2
20.9
_

----514:267 -527,029
543,395
508,863
500,665

1915 _________________ _
1914 _________________ _
1913 _________________ _
1912 _________________ _
1911. ________________ _

379,211
366,505
364,670
367,266
381,540

0.465
0.491
0.465
0.422
0.456

514,495
531,019
514,240
512,928
517,215

34,534

22.8
21.5
20.3
22.3

610,188
584,606
555,585

0.972
0.955
0.775
0.594
0.491

280,941

31',564

11.3
9.5
11.8
15.8

692,328
639,917
693,657
664,594

381,109
391,364
363,372
359,479
369,458

355,988
340,200

38,843
37,356

-------18~0-

17.4
20.3
21.3
21.8
-------23~4-

17.0
13.8
14.2
17.6

Value
per head,
Jan. 1

177

178

Thousands
7,203
7,429
6,600
7,485
7,193
4,962

8,569
6,489
6,096
6,358
5,731
5,982

5,499
6,309
6,852
5,946
5,318

Dollars
5.78
5.33
4.47
3.08
2.26
-------2~14-

2.56
2.49
2.06
2.82
-------2~i8-

1.48
1.41
2.43
2.60

Number
produced

Price
per
pound

179

180

, Thousand8
43,791
a5,170
31,854
32,359
32,497

-----33:572-

Cents
33.6
34.0
32.6
27.5
19.9
-------i5~4-

33,201
26,547
25,391
27,642

-----20:487-

15.9
17.9
17.7
16.4
-------i9~2-

21,310
22,813
21,964
17,923

14.5
11.8
14.2
19.4

29.8
5,541
8.55'
18,136
25.7
28.1 ________________________ - ______________________ _
25.1 _______________________________________________ _
28.9 ________________________ ---- ________ - __________ _

0.500

0.473
0.438

____

__

_ __

-26.3

~___________

26.5 _______________________________________________ _
25.0 _______________________________________________ _
28.3 ____________________________________ - __________ _
____________

9,627 ________________________ - __________ _

24.6
21.7
16.9
13.5

29,700
30,500
28,000
27,700
28,800

43.5 _______________________________________________ _
41.3
36.0
31.8
22.1

11.8
12.6
12.8
11.0
10.9

29,900
27,900
28,100
28,300
29,400

19.4
20.5
19.4
20.2
17.5

__ _ __ _________ ____________

----543:28i- ---- -il.s


498,091

35,000
33,000
80,800

10.9

27,000
25,300

8,689 ____________ ------- _____ -- _________ _

20.9 ________________________ ------------ - __________ _


20.0 ________________________ ------------ ___________ _

Average annual price received by farmers.


748706-49-8

----714:380- ------:-18~4- ---:-39:067- -------23~7- ------5:969- -------3~00- -----17:052- -------2i~6-

1920 _________________ _
1919 _________________ _
1918 _________________ _
1917 ___________ ~-----1916 _________________ _

1910 ___ ______________ _

-----39:695-

13.5
15.4
15.9
15.8
-------14~9-

176

Cent8
37.7
32.5
37.1
30.0
23.5

Number,
Jan; 1

g:~~: ----626:069============ =::========= =::=::===:== =:=======:=:_


605,354 -------20~519.4 -----34:96934,592 -------30~426.7 _______________________________________________

1925 ________________ -1924 _________________ _


1923 _________________ _
1922 _________________ _
1921 _______ .__________ _

1910 _________________ _
1909 _________________ _

175

Millions
55,858
58,530
54,539
48,597
41,878

Cent8
26.1
24.0
24.5
19.0
15.8

TURKEYS

Price
per
dozen 1

' Number
produced

174

Thousands
823,452
724,871
913,707
751,843
664,115

1940 ______ __________ _


1939 _________________ _
1938 ___________ - - - ___ _
1937 _________________ _
1936 _________________ _
1935 ______________ ,___ _
1934 _________________ _
1933 _________________ _
19'32 _________________ _
1931 ________________ -_

Price
per
pound I

Number
produced

105

AGRICULTURE

Data: E 181-195

Series E IBl-195.-CROP STATISTICS-CORt.J ,.A;o.ND V/HEAT: 1839 TO 1945


[Census figures in italics]

ALL WHEAT FOR GRAIN

CORN FOR ALL PURPOSES

Acreage
harvested

YEAR

Price per bushel


Production

Season
'average

Dec.12

----I-----I----I---~

181

182

183

Stocks
on farms,
Oct. 1

Acreage
harvested

Production

WHEAT IN ALL OFF-FARM POSITIONS, JULY

Price per bushel


Season
average

Dec. 1

Stocks

J~f;n;s,

acres
88,079
94,014
92,060
87,367
85,357

bushels
2,880,933
3,088,110
2,965,980
3,068,562
2,651,889

Dollars
1.27
1.09
1.123
0.917
0.751

185

1940 _________

86,429 2,457,146

0.618

1939_________

86,990 "2,311,400

Dollars
________
________
________
________
________

186

bushels
293,419
202,670
355,224
422,026
473,540

187

189

188

190

1935 _________

95,9742,299,363

0.655 ________ 61,367

0.316 ________ 251,697


0.321 ________ 162,577

O. 598

1930 _________ 101,465 2,080,130


97,741

193

194

195

1,000

1,000

1,000

814,646

0.682

________ 79,572

200,151

35,312

84,189

80,650

bushels
23,700
32,381
58,990
4,409

_______ _

;~f Jf3 --O~69i======== -88:ois- 1S1:999-3S:842- -S(103- -S1:054- ========


0.,562 ________ 58,857
94,250 31,269 22,190 40,791 _______ _

919,913
873,914
629,880

~9,125

0.962 ________ 21,972


1.025 ________ 43,137

61,195
97,296

11,774
21,504

9,022
25,202

40,399 _______ _
50,590 _______ _

30,363

21,951

49,524

51,305

628,227

0.831

44,051

101,838

41,91;3

513,213

43,347
49,424
57,851
57,704

526,052
552,215
756,307
941,540

0.848
0.744
0.382
0.391

61,103
82,693
93,553
37,084

211:790- -48:128- -80:548- -s3:ii4- ========


295,057 64,293 123,712 107,052 _______ _
281,704
275,421

41,585 168,405
30,252203,961

71,714 _______ _
41,202 _______ _

0.671

62,452

228,663

60,16.6 109,327

59,170 _______ _

________ 134,403

62,637

886,522

0.799 ________ 142,371


0.840 ________ 87,232
0.847
0.718 192,451
0.740
0.637 262,148

62,000

63,392
59,226
59,628
56,,616

~~~:f~~ --i~03S======== -43:554- 183:267- -4i:546- -913:442- -51:279- ========


914,373
0.998 ________ 19,972
92,784 19,277 38,587 34,920 _______ _

G2,130,752

1929_________ 97,805 2,515,937


1928 _________ 100,336 2,665,516
1927 _________ 98,357 2,616,120
1926 _________ 99,452 2,546,972

192
1,000

bushels bushels bushels bushels


191,477 42,129 67,185 58,463
212,933 30,332 82,912 67,308
429,323 103,804 162,151 104,378
468,053 142,366 224,441 96,837
298,058 73,789 142,671 81,598

50,526

--0.520
0~8i5- ---- --- - 273: 93i________ 326,770

191

Dollars bushels
________ 87,703
103,622
________ 189,574
_ __ _ _ _ _ _ 162, 722
________ 86,675

52,669
69,197
64,169

0.568 ________ 553,793


0.486 ________ 351,539
0.518 ________ 60,004
1. 044
171 , 561

1929 _________

C.C.C.
bins 5

1,000

Dollars
1.500
1.410
1.363
1.098
0.945

53,273

88,279 2,580,985
92,1602,548,753
93,9302,642,978
93,154 1,505,689

1933 _________ 105,918 2,397,593


1932 _________ 110,577 2,930,352
193L ________ 106,866 2,575,927

Merchant
mills 4

acres
bushels
65,120 1,108,224
59,749 1,060,111
51,355
843,813
49,773
969,381
55,935
941,970

________ 541,444

1939_ __ _ __ _ __
1938 _________
1937 _________
1936 _________

i~:t == ===== = ~~: t~g ~l"lt::~~g

---- ----1-----1---- ---- ----

184

------- ----1-----1------------ ----11-----1----1-----1---1,000


1,000
1,000'
1,000
1,000
1,000

1945 _________
1944 _________
1943 _________
1942 _________
194L ________

Total
offfarms

In terior
mills
Terand
minalB
elevators

875,059
832,213

1.190
1.217

________

1.117
1.207

26,590
23,722

82,866
73,154

21,776
29,501

21,052
16,148

40,038 _______ _
27,505 _______ _

CORN FOR ALL PURPOSES

YEAR

ALL WHEAT FOR

Price per bushel

Acreage
harvested

Production

Sea~on
average

181

182

183

Acreage

GRAIN

CORN FOR ALL PURPOSES

Price per bushel 1

Dec. 1 2

v~::;d

Production

184

186

187

YEAR

~~!:~:e

Dec. 1

188

189

Acreage
harvested

P;!~e

Production

bushel,
Dec. 112

ALL WHEAT FOR GRAIN

Acreage prOduc-j P;!~e


h::;d
ti"on
bushel,
ve
Dec. 1 J.J

----1------1------I---~-I---

1,000

acres
1925 ______ 101,331
19~M______

192L _____
1923 ______
1922 ______
192L_ __ _ _

98,1;02

100,420
101,123
100,345
103,155.

1920 ___ . .: __ 101,359


1919 ______

687,772

1,000

1,000

bushels
Dollars
2,798,367 0.701

Dollars
0.670

acres
52,443

1,000

bushels
6.68,700

61,823,880 _______________ _ 50,86.2

800 ,877

Dollars
1.437

Dollars
1.~05

2 ,223 ,123 1. 063


2,875,292 0.814
2 ,707 ,306 0.732
2,928,4420.518

O. 980
0.713
O. 650
0.413

52,463
56,.920
61,397
64,566

841,617
759,482
846,649
818,964

1. 247
0.926
0.966
1.030

1.308
0.914
0.990
0.905

3,070,6040.638

0.656

62,358

843,277

1.826

1.433

62,345 ,833 _______________ _ 73,099

945,1;03

952,097 --2~i63- --2~13i904,130


2.050
2.036
2.047
619,790
1.997
634,572
1.434
1. 601

1919______ 98,145
1918 ______ 102,195
1917 ______ 110,893
1916 ______ 100,561

2,678,541
2,441,249
2,908,242
2,425,206

1. 513
1. 520
1. 456
1.137

1. 342
1. 351
1. 269
0.881

73,700
61,068
46,787
53,510

1915 _____ ~
1914______
1913 ______
1912 ______
191L _____

2,829,044
2,523,750
2,272,540
2,94.7,842
2,474,635

0.676
0.708
0.703
0.552
0.678

O. 56~
0.635
0.679
0.473
0.610

60,303 1,008,637
55,613 897,487
52,012 751,101
48,413 730, OIl
49,894 618,166

0.961
0.974
0.194
0.807
0.869

0.911
0.985
0.795
0.761
0.875

2,852,794

0.515

0.471

45,793

0.908

0.881

100,623
97,796
100,206
101,451
101,393

1910 ______ 102,267

1909 ____ ~_

698,383

5.'8,552,190 ________________

41;,263

~~:;~~~ --Q~99i- --Q~98S-

2,611,157 0.616
2,566,7420.650
2,613 ,797 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3,032,910 ________

0.579 44,262
0.59745,102
0. 505 44,139
0.391 46,230

642,818
0.967
628,764 ________
740, 509 _ _ _ _ __ _ _

0.922
0.866
O. 660

1905 _____ _
1904 _____ _
1903 _____ _
1902 _____ _
190L ____ _

2,954,148
2,686,624
2,515,093
2,773,954
1,715,752

0.406
0.436
0.419
0.401
0.600

46,306
43,155
48,456
46,244
50,847

706,026
555,571
663,115
686,959
762,546

0.747
0.926
0.693
0.630
0.631

49,203

599,315

0.621

1900__ __ __

94,852

_______ _
_______ _
_______ _
_______ _
_______ _

2,661,978 _ __ _ _ ___

0.350

1899 ______

694,914

62,666,324 ________________

52,589

1899 ______
1898 ______
1891- _____
1896___ _ __

94,591
87,784
89,965
89,074

2,645,796
2,351,323
2,287,628
2,671,048

52,342
50,506
43,413
40,828

________
________
________
__ _ _ _ ___

0.298
0.285
0.260
0.214

658,531;

655,143
768,148
606,202
522,963

Received by farmers.
See text concerning Dec. 1 series, prior to 1908.
3 Commercial stocks at 40 terminal markets now reported by the Grain Branch
of the Production and Marketing Administration, U.S.D.A.
I

106

182

1,000

1895 ____ _
1894 ____ _
1893 ____ _
1892 ____ _
189L ___ _

184

1890_____

74,785
672,088

1889_____
1888_____
1881-____
1886_____

77,656
77,474
73,296
73,911

1885 ____ _
1884 ____ _
1883 ____ _
1882 ____ _
188L ___ _

71 ,854
68,834
68,168
66,157
63,026

0.588
0.579
0.809
0.721

62,545

--- ---

186

187

----I----~----

1,000

acres
90,479
80,069
79,832
76,914
78,855

1889 _____

1880 _____

625,476

UI09 ______ 100,200


1908 ______ 95,285
1907 _ _ _ _ _ _ 96,094
1906 ______ 95,624
95,746
95,228
93,555
97,177
94,422

181

- - - - - - - 1 - - - - 1 - - - - ----'--11----- - - - - - - - - -

bushels
Dollars
2,534,762 0.252
1,615,016 0.451
1,900,401 0.361
1,897,412 0.393
2,335,804 0.398

1,000

acres
38,998
40,167
40,790
42,979
41,090

189
----

1,000

bushel8
542;119
541,873
505,.795
611,854
677,543

Dollars
0.505
0.489
0.534
0.624
0.831

1,650,446

0.496

36,686 449,042

0.837

2,294,289
2 ,250',632
1,604,549
1,782,767

0.275
0.331
0.424
0.357

36,098
34,969
36,873
36,312

504,370
423,867
490,761
513,540

0.698
0.927
0.681
0.687

2,057,807
1,947,'838
1,652,148
1,755,272
1,244,803

0.322
0.349
0.418
0.481
0.628

35,095
38,485
35,587
36,496
36,795

399,931
571,292
438,762
552,207
405,886

0.772
0.645
0.914
0.888
1.196

38,096502,257

0.952

62,122,328 _______ _ 33,580 1r68,374

1879 _____

662,369

61,751;,592 ________

1,706,673

0.390

35,1;30 1;59,483

1879 _____
1878 _____
1877 _____
1876 _____

62,229
59,659
58,799
55,277

1,751,984
1,564,537
1,515,862
1,478,173

0.364
0.313
0.357
0.361

35,347
33,379
27,963
28,283

459,234 --i~107449,175
0.772
395,510
1.085
309,116
1.036

1875 ____ _
1874 ____ _
1873 ____ _
1872 ____ _
187L ___ _

52,446
47,640
44,084
43,584
42,002

1,450,276
1,058,778
1,008,326
1,279,369
1,141,715

0.419
0.641
0.483
0.383
0.464

28,382
27,310
24,866
22 ,962
22,230

313,728
356,115
321,931
271,482
271 ,881

1869 ____ _ ________

1870 ____ _

38,388 1,124,775
6760,945

1869 ____ _
1868 ____ _
1867 ____ _
1866 ____ _

35,833
35,116
32,116
30,017

782,084
919,590
793,905
730,814

1859 ____ _
1849 ____ _
1839 ____ _

6838,793
6592,071
:n7,532

1.010
0.948
1.168
1.239
1.247

0.521

20,945 254,429

1.042

0.725
0.617
0.781
0.657

21,194
19,140
16,738
15,408

0.923
1.459
2.012
2.062

________________ 287,71;6

289,526
246,272
210,878
169,703

________________ 173,105
________________ 100,486
________________ 84,823

~ Stocks at merchant mills and attached elevators, enumerated by B\lI'e\l.U of the


Census 1926 to 1944, but adjusted to 100 percent completeness; estimated currently since 1945 by Crop Reporting Board.
5 Owned by Commodity Credit Corporation and stored in their own steel and
wooden bins.
& Relates to corn harvested for grain only.

CROP STATISTICS

Data: E 196-210

Series E 196-210.-CROP STATISTICS-OATS, BARLEY, FLAXSEED, AND SOYBEANS: 1839 TO 1945


[Census figures are in italics]
BARLEY FOR GRAIN

OATS FOR GRAIN

Price per bushel

Acreage
har=
vested

YEAR

I Season

Production

average Dec. 1

Acreage
harvested

Price per bushel

Pro duction

I Season

average

---

196

197

1,000
acres

1,000
bushels

41,933
39,672
38,914
38,197
38,161

1,535,676
1,149,260
1,139,831
1,342,681
1,182,509

1940 __________ 35,431

1,246,450

1945 __________
1944 __________
1943 ______ ___
1942 __________
194L _________
~

1939 __________

198
Dollars
0.667
0.706
0,721
0.487
0.410

200

201

Dollars

1,000
acres

1,000
bushels

-------------------------------------------

870,258

957,704
1,089,383
1,176,744
792,583

--0~3io-

1935 __________ 40,109

1,210,229

0.264 ---------------------0.481 -------0.335

1.934 __________

1934 __________
1933 __________
1932 __________
193L _________

458,780

24,589

29,455
36,528
41,700
40,193

544,247
736,309
1,254,584
1,124,232

1930 __________ 39,847

1929_. ________

1929 __________
1928 __________
192L _________
1926 __________

1,274,592

33,466

1,405,268

37,650

1,304,599

1924 __________
1923 __________
1922 __________
192L _______ __

41,857
40,245
40,324
45,539

1,416,120
1,227,184
1,147,905
1,045,270

1920 __________ 42,732

1,444,291

1919 __________ 37,991

1,055,183

1919 __________
1918 __________
191L ______ ~ __
1916 ______ ~ ___

39,601
42,464
41,604
39,098

1,106,603
1,428,611
1,442,519
1,138,969

1915 __________
1914 ______ .'.w: __
1913 _______ c __
1912 __________
191L ______ __

38,802
37,213
37,245
37,244
37,149

1,435,270
1,066,328
1,039,131
1,353,273
885;527

1910 __________ 36,844


1909 __________ 35,159
1909 __________ 35,062
1908 __________ 34,310
1907 __________ 34,439
1906 __________ 33,688

1,106,162
1,007,143

1,013,909
829,308
801,144
1,022,715

OATS FOR GRAIN

YEAR

--

Acreage
harvested

Production

196

197

1,000

1,000

1905 __
1904-_
1903 __
1902 __
190L_

acre/!
33,426
32,749
32,187
31,358
30,891

bushels
1,104,395
1,011,556
885,469
1,076,899
799,812

1900 __

31,049

945,483

1899 __

f9;540

0.322

949,389

0.389

-----------------------0:4430.392
0.375

-------0.478

--------

0.407
0.374
0.322

0.476
0.408
0.390
0.298

0.540

0.456

288,667

6,193

110,042

12,629
12,891

13,564
12,735
9,4i5
7,917

117,390
152,839
299,394
200,280
301,619
263,590

280,637
328.,351
239,071
166,030

8,186

192,466

6,767

159,139

7,038
7,151
6,601
7,074
7,439

--0~767- --0~702-

311 ,278
260,841

278,193
256,620
221,889
147,740

6,473

165,318
158,994
152,908
132,702

0.685
0.701
0.487

0.697
0.659
0.514

0.383
0.439
0,386
0.337
0.449

0.351
0.433
0.387
0.315
0 .. 446

7,279
7,653
7,673
7,542
7,613

0.356

0.341

7,546

142,419

7,699

173,344

--0:428- --0: 4040.492

---------------

0.470
0.444
0.317

7,697
7,409
6,854
6,744

0,397

131,086
225,067
182,209
159,157
206,976
177,712
158,820
196,927
145,074

0,689
0.579

0.570

0.614

0.586

--------------0.746
0.742
0.546
0.499
0.479

0.535
0.526
0.420

0.849

0.716

--------------1.215
1.244

200
1,000
acres

201
1,000

Dollars
0.288
0.309
0.337
0.305
0.397

6,658
6,579
6,231
5,474
4,963

0.253

4,703

96,588
119,695

bushels
171 ,639
166,103
149,335
146,207
123,800

203

205

1,000

1,000
Dollars acres
0.394 2,439
0.412 2,092
0.447 3,180
0.453 3,878
0.454 q,173

bushels
28,692
22,625
25,360
36,080
27,605

0.407

2,762

16,017

2,111

19,979

30,905
29,556
29,266
28,168
27,756

924,858
750,009
707,129
721,824
836,789

0.193
0.320
0.289
0.315
0.306

4,185
3,639
3,689
3,857
3,590

104,475
74,211
87,109
95,170
94,160

0.328
0.437
0.402
0.466
0.522

2,039
1,457
1,287
1,423
2,040

21,414
10,490
10,421
11 ,807
16,732

1890 __

28,275

609,122

0.417

3,250

69,880

0.621

2,283

19,176

28,321

78,333

------0.415

1,919

10,250

1,344

0.591
0.520
0.531

--------------------- ----------

10,614
10,000
9,800
10,000

674,151
640,520

0.279
0.272

2,862
2,694

63,963
67,919

0.557
0.483

5,598

5,719
6,904
11,511
11,755

3,780

21,673
15,046

3,022
3,435

9,300
9.500

15,924
19,118
25,174
18,531
22,334
28,246

3,535
2,015
1,113
1,143

31,220
16,563
10,520
8,107

1,647

10,900

1,261

6,653

6,770
12,779
8,402
11 ,829
11 ,270
12,940
15,099
28,139
18,537

1.592 -------1.866 - - - -- - -1.897 --- .... ----

3,035
2,586
2,359

1.420 --------

2,915

-------- --------------1,556
1.702

Dollars
0.843
0.993
0 .. 813
1. 051

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------'----------------------

-------

0.67 3
0.847
1.271

0.727

23,015

1.613 --------

1,074

13,929

1.368

8,661

- -i~879

579
568
466

9,438
7,880
6,938
5,239

415

4,875

2.345

-------1. 939 -------2.012


1.925
2.032
1.860

2.265

1.941

--2~i79- --2~266-

1.884
1.811
2.009

----448- --- 4~947- --2~458


-------- --------- -------------- --------- -------------- --- ------ --- ----

2.125
2.081
1. 655

2.274
2.107
2.118

2.327

1.420 -------- --------- --- -----

3.113
2.310

-------- --- ------ -------2.970 -------- --------- -------2.486 -------- --- -- --_ ... --------

1.679
1.307
1.234
1.287
1.972

1.737 -------- --- -- -- -- -------1.261 -------- --------- -- --_ ...


1.201 -------- --------- -------1.149 -------- --------- -------1.826 -------- --.------- --------

2.275

2.314

-------- --- -- ---- --------------4.407 --i ~770- -------- --- --- --- -------3.575
3.383

19,511
20,627
1.157
23,793 - ...- ....
27,635 --_ ..

--

--------------1.423
1.529

---_---

1.182
0.956
1.015

-------- --------- --------------- --------- --------------- ----- ---- --------------- -- --- ---- -------... --- --------- ... -------------- --------- - ------~---

BARLEY FOR GRAIN

Price
Price Acreage
per
Producper
Producharbushel,
tion
tion
bushel,1 vested
Dec.
1 I
Dec. 1

Flaxseed
production

--- ------- ---------- 203'


196
200
201
197
199
205
---------- 1,000

acre8
1883 __ 20,621
1882 __ 19,075
188L_ 16,916

1880 __ 16,414

1879 __ 16,145

bushels
605,576
540,462
446,125

1,000

1,000
Dollar/! acres
0.324 2,474
0.371 2,434
0.455 2,201

417,942

0.349

407,859

1,000

bushels
57,126
60,072
48,984

1,990

45,2G1

0.663

43,997

------0.599

15,955
15,830
14,816
14,589

415,440 -O~ii26- 1,926


443,365 0.240 1,848
435,330 0.288 1,962
327,212 0.349 1,973

42,369
37,448
39,173
40,711

1875 __
1874-_
1873 __
1872 __
187L_

13,616
12,775
12,010
11,789
11 ,061

364,967
272,501
30.6,906
326,759
306,218

0.367
0.520
0.374
0.322
0.385

1,702
1,628
1,473
1,421
1,348

267,947

0.426

1,331

1870 __ 10,348

-------9,555
8,897
8,176
7,935

282,107

284,004 -0~46i- -i~238229,676 0.541 1,064


222,605 0.587 1,058
232,360 0.474
754

1859 __ -------- 172,643


1849 __ -------- 146,584
1839 __ -------- 123,071

1,000
Dollars bushels
0.589 8,600
0.631 8,600
0.819 7,800

1 ,998

1879 __
1878 __
1877 __
1876 __

1869 __
1868 __
1867 __
1866 __

0.90o

------0.81 o

-------- ------------708
2.812

11 ,384

1869 __

48,901

Dollar
2.08
2.05
1.81 6
1.607
1.549

1,044
1,001
1,141

19,519

---

78,045
87,591

90,141
61,906
46,164
33,721

210

0.882 -------1.167 - - - - _ .... --

-------1.627 --------

OA ors FOR GRAIN

207

192,076
191,958
190,133
187,524
107,197

/Price p er
bush el,
season
avera ge

23,157 --O~994
13,509
0.940
15,158
0.542
17,260
0.498

2,222

YEAR

4,807

1.416 --------

2,083

Acreage
harvested

209
1,000
bushels

--------------1.463 -------- --4:3i5-

2,081
2,351
2,699
2.568

------

1895 __
1894 __
1893 __
1892 __
189L_

0.551
0.665
0.418

--- ------

19,969
18,516
13,238
17,738

23,351
21,974

14,914

998

. FLAXS:F,lED

118,161 -0~388- 2,102


98,174 0.389 1,889
102,575 0.343 1,365
97,479 0.296 1,848

1885 __
1884 __

2,126
1,002
1,341
1,988
2,431

0.581

4,470

80,790
75,980
72,395
73,503

19,606
8,032
7,070
5,331

0.607

--------------0.540
0.559

4,472
4,113
4,120
4,131

3,221

30,924.
18,829

1,116
1,561
1,954
2,941
2,631

0.251
0.210
0.183

809,251

3,182

3,049
2,611
2,763
2,736

208

Dollars Dollars
2.89 -------- 10,661
2.90 -------- 10,232
2.83 -------- 10,397
2,356 -------- 9,894
1.788 -------- 5,889

34,557
21,665
50,009
40,975
32,133

2,966

I Production

1,000
acres

207

206

2,081

0.513
0,538
0.521
0.487
0.874

--------

204

Price per bushel


Acreage
,
harSeason Dec. 1 1 vested
average

2,171
905
927
1,125

0.520
0.536
0.525
0,509
0.825

-0~245-

831,047 -o~2i9- 3,352


773,139 0.270 3,283
696,175 0.297 3,258
682,312 0.289 3,027

3,785
2,610
5,691
4,408
3,266

0.905
1.114
0.886

937,173
842,205
829,525
774,929

28,697
27,807
26,272
24,426

205

1,000
bushels

0.951
1.231
0.804

29,254
29,327
28,829
30,248

1889 __
1888 __
1887 __
1886 __

204

1,000
acres

1,293
1,783
1,881
1,298

1899 __
1898 __
189L_
1896 __

1889 __

Dollars

Price Acreage
Price Acreage Produc- Price
per
per
Produc- bushel,
harharbushel,
bushel,
tion
tion
Dec. I I vested
Dec.l1
Dec. 11 vested
199

Production

--- ---------

-------------------------------------------

173,069
170,780
0.566
150,584
179,148 --------

BARLEY FOR GRAIN

SOYBEANS FOR BEANS

Dec.1t v~:t;d
---------------

--------------0.405 -------0.368 -------0.542 -------0.782 -------0.379 ---------------------0.686 -------0.434 -------0.221 ------- ....
0.328 -------0.405 ---------------------0.539 -------0.568 -------0.675

171 ,042
122,025

6,579
9,198
8,453
7,623

1..__

203

Dollars
1.02
1. 01
0.99
0,631
0,528

266,833
276,112
322,913
429,450
362,568

12,436

6,577
-------- 9,641
0.157 -------- 13,206
0.213 -------- 11 ,181

992,747

1925 __________ 44,240

1924 ___ c_~ ____

12,011

-------- 12,739
0.238 -------- 10,610
0.302 -------- 9,969
0.449 -------- 8,329

1,112,949 --0~4i81,312,914
0.407
1,093,221
0,471
1,152,911
0.400

38,153
40,128
40,350
42,854

10,465
12,301
14,900
16,958
14,276

0,303 -------- 13,525

29,933

33,460
36,042
35,542
33,654

1939 __________
1938 __________
1937 __________
1936 __________

202

199

---

Acreage

FLAXSEED

------- -------

------- ------------- -------

7,500
7,170

0.584
0.633
0.685

7,171
7,000
7,000
5,800

32,812
36,125
30,536
32,005
27,690

0.856
0.962
0.963
0.738
0.171

5,400
5,400
4,800
3,400
2,800

29,047

0.853

2,400

29,761

1,790

15,826
5,167
4,16:2

------- 56t
--- -- .. - ---- .. -

29,099 -O~872- 2,100


23,200 1.490 2,000
f3,850 1.218 1,900
18,095 0.952 1,800

-------

See text concerning Dec. 1 series, prior to 1908.

107

567

Data: E 211-224

Series E

AGRICULTURE

211~224.-CROP STATISTICS-HAYAl~D

COTTON, ACREAGE, PRODUCTION p...ND


PRICE: 1790 TO 1945

I Census figures in italics. Cotton production in 500-pound gross-weight bales except Census Bureau figures which are in running bales. Prices are season averages,
. except as noted J

COTTON

HAY

Acreage harvested

Production

Stocks,
ProducAug. 1, Production 2 1---.....----1 running
tion 2
Season
Dec. 1
bales 8

I---~-T-a-m-e-I'----~-T-am-e--I----~-T-a-m-e-I Ah:~ge

YEAR

All hay

hay

All hay

hay

All hay

hay

vested

COTTONSEED

Average price
per pound

Price per ton

Average price
per ton
Season

Dec. l'

1 - - - - - 1 - - - - - 1 - - - - 1 - - - - 1 - - - - - - --~-I-----I----I--- - - - - - - - - - - - -

211

212

213

214

215

217

216

218

220

219

222

221

223

224

----------1------1------1-----1-----1-----1-------1-----1--------1----1---------------------1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000

acres
acres
tons
tons
Dollars Dollars
77,017 _________ 108,539 _________
15.10 _______ _

1945 _________________

1944-----------'------------1944.________________ --------77,541 --------_________ --------102,745 _________

77,004 _________ 103,128 _________


74,827 _________ 107,717 _________
73,136 _________ 95,754 _________

1943_________________
1942 ________________
1941.________________

1940 ________________ _

73,058

1999 ________________ _

82,413

69,248
68,175 --55:63i66,001
53.943
67,732
56 . 618

1935 ________________ _

68,550

1994 _______ '- ____ -- __ _

55.614

68,625

1934 ________________ _
1933 ____________ ___ _
1932 ________________ _
1931 ________________ _
1930 ________________ _
1929 ____________ - ___ _

67,947

53,996

1929 ________________ _
1928 ________________ _
1927 ________________ _
1926 ________________ _

67,828

69,531
67,185
72,131
68,795

54,311

1925 __ ~ _____________ _
1924 _______ - - - - - - - __ _

==~6~~~~=

90,364

78,460

73.266
62,718

62,084

63,705

74,527
85,28/.

74.313

55.741
54,013
57.604
55,461

87,357
88,842
98.151
76,025

76.018
72,196
83.341
67.142

70,105

55,444

78,832

67,334

74,09(}

59.073

1924 ________________ _
1923 ________________ _
1922 ________________ _
1921. _______________ _ .
1920 ________________ _

1919 ________________ _

73,033

56.769

1919 ________________ _
1918 ________________ _
1917 ________________ _
1916 ________________ _

72,780

55,653

73,156
71,909
71,017
72,918

56,020
55.010
5.4,019
55.457

92,487
82,288
85,024
98.633

76,589
68,545
71,105
81,184

1915 ________________ _
1914 ________________ _
1913 ___________ ____ _
1912 ________________ _
1911. _______________ _

52.061
50,278
50,117
50,041
48,031

91,436
82,605
77,022
86,066
64,574

73.275
65,820
62,300
69,103
52,079

1910 ____________ '-____

69.518
67,337
66,873
67,395
65,885
68.332

1909 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

68,227

.91,668
90,356

75,184

51,220

1909_________________ 68,703
1908 _________________________ _
1907 _________________________ _
1906 _______ __________________ _

23,861

12,566

~: ~~. ===;~i~=

22,811

11 .481

8.74
11.16

9.18
11.43

7.52

7.81

8.09
6.20
8.73

8.18
6.69
9.03

11.10

12.66

--iO~90- --iii~22-

11.30
10.30
13_30

12.25
11.32
14.11

12.80

13.99

51,519
51,487
49,833
4R .61i0

74,724

16.5017.78
--20~90- --20~15-

62.886
68,833

87.216

51,041

76.164

68,815
71 ,642
66,271
60.391

87.172

YEAR

212

Production

Price
per
ton 1

Acreage
harvested

214

216

217

218

::==:==:

10,564

9.89

5,286

21.73

========

=====:==

27,509

10.638
9,472

11.09

7,208

4,634

30.54

=:=::=:: --7:74r
--4:256- --33~OO- =::==:::
8,165
5.511
12.88 _______ _

9.636 --i2~3610.17 ________


13,047
6.52 ________
13,003
5.66 ________
17,097

9.678
6,370

5,815
7,310

10.33 _______ _
8.97 _______ _

42,444

13,932

4.530

6,028

22.04

43,227

14.574

26,866
29,383
35,891
38,704

~4,386

16,105

39,204

13,683

39,501
35,550
31,361
28,678

13.630
10,140
9;755
7,945

34,408

13.429

33,740

11.376

10.30
10.60
11.40
10.80
14.10

10.65
11.11
12.36
11.68
14.41

29,951
35,615
35,206
32,557
34,916

11.70

12.16

9.46

=::=::::

14,825 --i6~78- :::::::: --2~iiiii- --6:406- --30~9214,477


17.98
2,536
6.319
34.17
20.19 --i9~60- 3,762
5,758
34.83 --36~8012.956
17,978
12.47
10.93
3,543
7.989
22.04
18.68

43,232
42,434
38,342
44,608

20.07
17.08
11.18

220

========

20.73 -iO:744- --4:90ii- --52~7019.88 ________ 10,657


4,688
52.10 _______ _
19.04
10;640
5,202
45.61 _______ _
17.03 ________ 12,166
4,553
47.65 _______ _

26 ,7~4

~4,248

19.60
16.50
11.10

Produc- Price per seed,


pound, production 2
Dec. 1
tion 2

Dollars Dollar8
51.10 _______ _

33,623
29,755

11 ,411
12,018
11 ,284
11 .448

19.61

1,610

18-.18

28.69
22.88
17.00

--i:556- --;(05031.00
2,325
4,503
23.80
3.322
4,330
16.19
6,896
3,528'

15.89

13.88

3.824

--35~ii4- --35~6ii-

5,966

--4:445- --5:0693,509
5,341
2,720
5,012
3.140
5,085

27.63
27.72
19.61

11,172
16.112
14,153
13 ;703
15.694

11.22
7.35
12.47
11. 50
9.65

11.29
6.81
12.19
11.93
8.77

3,936
1,366
1.511
1,652
1,275

31,508

11 .609

13.96

14.14

940

32,044

10 ,649

30,555
31,091
30,729
31,404

7,150

--ii2~gi- --2ii~6i-

28.88
27.09
17.36

31.59

27.28

--33~ii5- --32~39-

41.23
30.42
29.14

42.99
35.67
28.79

25,65

25.31

--65~79- --10~90-

65.23
64.28
45.63

65.36
69.60
55.18

4,963
7,155
6,286
6,087
6.970

30.15
15.51
21.96
18.36
17.18

84.07
13.98
22.32
18.41
16.75

5.156

26.11

25.16

===:=::=

10,005 --i3~5ii- --i3~95- --i:469- --4:442- --24~359.01


8.69
1,161
5,883 _______________ _
13,241
1,465
4,931 _______________ _
11 ,106 ________ 10.36
9.58
1,299
5.898 _______________ _
________
13.274

COTTON
TAME HAY
1------;--------;-------1-----.-----.---'-1 Cotton-

COTTON
TAME HAY
1-------,-------,--------1--------,--------.,,-------1 Cotton-

Acreage
harvested

tons
3,664

11,817 ---g~Og-i3:033- --4:869- --21~i78.60 ________ 11,533


4,950
21.79 _______ _
11 ,943
8.41 ________ 4,499
7,844
19.51 _______ _
18.946
12.36 ________ 5,409
5,472
33.36 _______ _
12.399

32,906
35,038
32,245
33,071

- - 10 ~ 20 - .- - io ~ 50_ __ __ _ __
9. 08
________ 11.60
________ 10.40

Cents
Cents
bales
22.52 __ _ _____ 11,164

12,230
11,427
12,817
10.744

23,805

59,293 --9i:454- --78~934- --iii~70- --13~8ii57,717


89.418
75,286
13.10
14.10
95,152
80,790
11.60
12.55
59,280
57,448
84,82171,03511.6012.09

74,459
78,545
75,432
73,070

bales
9.015

11,810

7.58

--i3~iio- --i4~oi-

60,485 --55:68366,296
75.072
83,721
71.768
75,203
66,989

65,387 --56:36i68,439
55,810
7Q ,412
56,119
56,103
68,160

86,533
91,420
83,002
70,014

acres
17,059

18,911

19,651
21,610
22,602
22,236

14.80 _______ _
10.80 _______ _
9.67 _______ _

96,050

65,979

1939 ________________ _
1.938 ________________ _
1937 ________________ _
1936 ______ .l _________ _

--------_
16.50 - _______

YEAR

222

Acreage
harvested

Production

Price
per
ton 1

Acreage
harvested

Production 2

212

214

216

217

218

Price per seed,


pound, producDec. 1
tion 2
220

222

-----1-----1------1-----1-------1-------1----- -----11----1-----1-----+1-,-----1----1----- - - - - - - - 1,000


1,000
1.000
1,000
1.000
1,000
1,000
1.000
1,000
1 ,000

1905 ____ _
1904 ___ ~_
1903 ____ _
1902 ____ _
1901. ___ _
1900 ____ _
1899 ____ _

acres
48,333
47.480
46,650
44,716
43,555

tons
66,563
65.552
63.647
59,098
53.098

Dollars
8.49
8.82
9.18
9.05
9.88

acres
27.753
30,077
27,762
27.561
27,050

bales
10,576
13.438
9,851
10.630
9,508

Cents
10.78
8.98
10.49
7.60
7.03

42,488

49,843

9.78

24.886

10,124

9.15

j~ :~~~

~~ :~~~ ---8~iio- ~i :i~~

~ :~!~ ---6~98-

tons
4.700
5,967
4.379
4,729
4.226

1885____
1884- ___
1883____
1882____
1881.___

acres
34,507
.33.448
32.077
30,373
28,619

tons
42,960
43,066
43.910
39,471
35,490

4,500'

1880 ____

27,011

32,522

--4:i5z- U~~:==: --26:64T --30:6185.120


1878____ 25.627
33.275
4.878
1877____ 24.749
30.454
3,7781876 ____ 23,986
28,796

1899 ____ _
1898 ____ _
1897 ____ _
1896 ____ _

43,083
42.396
40,971

60,416
55,826
50.626

6.52
7.21
7.60

24.715
25.131
23.230

11,534
10,989
8.515

5.73
6.68
6.66

1895_____
1894_____
1.893_____
1892__ _ _ _
1891.____

41,153
41,864
42,083
41.328
40,350

40.481
47,781
53.451
52,746
51,139

9.63
8.98
9.48
8.78
8.65

19.839
21,886
20,256
18.869
21,503

7,146
10,026
7,430
6,658
8,941

7.62
4.59
7.00
8.34
7.24

3.174
4,-148
3.297
2,956
3.967

8.59

3,802

1875____
1874-___
1873____
1872____
1871.___

22,662
21.861
21,597
21,081
20,270

25.522
24.537
23,903
23.868
22,215

6,357

~ :!~~

--10~2S-

11.1
13.0
14.1
16.5
17.9

7.32
8.72
9.80

13.539
12,606
11,747

4,745
4,494
4,118

12.75
13.85
14.40
15.35
16.57

11.348
10.753
10.998
9,580
8,285

4,303
3,528
3.874
3,651
2,757

20,175

20,937

8,562

1870____

19,719

21.308

14.45

9,238

7.473 ---8~55 --3:318- 1869____


6,924
8.50
3.074
1868____
6.885
8:55
3,0561867 ____
6,315
8.06 I 2,802
1861';. ___

19,310
19.568
18,641
18.250

24,503
23.198
23.209
21.298

12.76
13.90
14.30
14.48

7.751
6,973
7,864
7,666

For footnotes, see next page.

108

7.453

__

2.822

15.921

20,191
19,520
18,793
18,370

7.74
9.24
10.09
8.72

9.83

11.82

---9~6ii- itj~~

1889_____
1888_____
1887 _____
1886_____

50,312
47.177
41.559
44.876

tons
2,828
2,427
2,450
3,033
2,<!80

acres
17,922
16.849
16,295
15.638
16,483

1890_____
39,613
50,548
8.11
1889 ______________________________ _
38,867
37.411
36,480
35,771

bales
6,369
5,468
5,522
6,833
5,136

Cents
8.39
9.19
9.13
9.12
10.66

Dollars
10.07
8.99
8.77
9.99
12.25

1869____ _________ _________ ________ _________

--2:4258.16
2,106
8.53
1,994
9.71
1.826
1.909
1.567
1,718
1,621
1,223

4,025
12.1
1,786
--i6~5-- --Ciis2,520 ________
974
2,198
2.346 ________ 1.042
______
1,948
9.012

~-

_~6_4

Data: E 211-230 ,

CROP STATISTICS

Series E 211-224.-CROP STATISTICS-HAY AND COTTON, ACREAGE, PRODUCTION AND


PRICE: 1790 TO 1945.-Con.
[Census figures in italics. Cotton production in 500-pound gross-weight bales except Census Bureau figures which are in running bales)

Cotton
production 2
YEAR

YEAR

Cotton
production 2

1860 ____________
1859 ____________

3,841
5,387

4.,508
3,758
3,012
2,874

1855 ____________
1854 ____________
1853 ____________
1852 ____________
1851. ___________

B,221
2,708
2,766
3,130
2,799

1835 ___________
1834 ___________
1833 ___________
1832 ___________
183L __________

2,136

1849 ___________

2,469

1849 ___________
1848 ___________
1847 ___________
1846 ___________

2,066
2,615
2,128
1,604

1845 ___________
1844 ___________
1843 ___________
1842 ___________
1841 ___________

1,806
2,079
1,750
2,035
1,398

1840 ___________

1,348

1839 ___________

1,976

1839 ___________
1838 ___________
1837 ___________
1836 ___________

YEAR

218

1,000 bales

1850 ___________

2,094
299
449
1,597
4,491

218

1,000 bales

1859 ____________
1858 ____________
1857 ____________
1856 ____________

Cotton

I production I

YEAR

218
1865 ____________
1864 __ c _________
1863 ____________
1862 ____________
1861. ___________

1,654
1,093
1,428
1,129

Cotton
production 2

YEAR

Cotton
production
218

218

1,000 bales

1830 ___________
1829 ___________
1828 ___________
1827 ___________
1826 ___________

732
764
680
565
732

1820 _________ ._
1819 ___________
1818 ___________
1817
1816_==========
1815 ___________
1814. __________
1813 ___________
1812 ___________
1811. __________

1825 ___________
1824. __________
1823 ___________
1822 ___________
1821 ___________

533
450
387
439
377

1810 ___ .________


1809 ___________
1808
1807.==========
1806
___________

1,062
962
931
816
805

1,000 bales

1,000 bales

335
349
262
272
259

1805 ___________
180L __________
1803 ___________
1802 ___________
1801. __________

209
146
157
157
167

1800 ___________
1799 ___________
1798 ___________
1797 ___________
1796 ___________

73
42
31
23
21

178
172
157
167
167

1795 ____ . ______


1794 ___________
1793 ___________
1792 ___________
1791. __________

17
17
10

146
136
126
115
100

1790 ___________

Dec. 1 series throughout. See text.


See text for method of estimating.

3 Stocks 1906 to 1922 are as reported by the New York Cotton Exchange Service
Sept. 1 series prior to 1914.
( Nov. 15 series prior to 1921.

Series E 225-230.-FRUITS AND VEGETABLES-IRISH POTATOES AND SWEETPOTATOES:


1849 TO 1945
[Census figures are in italics. Prices are those received by growers]
IRISH POTATOES

YEAR

1945 ______
1944 ______
1944 ______

225

226

1,000

1,000

227

acres
2,696
2,786

bushels
418,765
383,424

1943~ _____
1942 ______
1941. _____

2,537

356,547

3,239
2,671
2,693

458,887
368,899
355,697

1940 ______
1939 ______

' 2,832
2,813

376,920
342,372

Cents
143.0
149.0

---------131.0
117.0
80.7

1938 ______
1937. _____
1936 ______

2,870
3,055
2,960

54.1
69.7
318,256 ---------355,848
55.7
376,448
52.9
323,955
114.2

1935 ______
1934 ______

3,469
3,599

378,895
406,482

3,582

403,4'20

1939 ______

1934 ______

1933 ______
1932 ______
1931. _____
1930 ______
1929 ______

2,644

648
728

51,699
61,744

967

77,983

907
1,059
854

74,619
86,594
67,314

343,817
333,392

322,416

-----82~r

3,423
3,568
3,490

343,203
374,692
384,317

3,139
3,030

670
647

54,577
65,014

650

65,193

636
724
645

59,178
70,897
63,300

636
564

50,139
44,884

467

37,444

2,944

1923 ______
1922 ______
1921- _____

2,911

.952,462

3,378
3,901
3,598

366,356
415,373
325,312

1920 ______
1919 ______

3,301
3,300

368,904
297,341

38.0
46.0

170.5
68.6

---- -92 ~565.9


113.3

1918 ______
1917. _____
1916 ______

3,597
3,801
3,274

125.3
193.6
290 ,.1;28 ---------346,114
118.8
398,653
125.5
270,388
152.8

1915 ______
1914 ______
1913 ______
1912 ______
1911- _____

3,433
3,417
3,477
3,505
3,532

336,760
368,249
332,447
406,215
302,713

63,288

71,142
65,469
62,517

81,249
77,677

296,466
384,166

1908 ______
1907 ______
1906 ______

673

857
687
731

944
959

59.3
44.6

2,810
3,106

1910 ______
1909 ______

bushels
64,665
68,251

68,603
68,144
59,765

1925 ______
1924. _____

1909 __ ____

acres
671
726

3,252

3,644
3,675

342,052
390,166

3,669

389,195

3,417
3,333
3,254

305,247
333,125
341,460

68.1
55.9
68.2
55.7
94.3
58.8
56.8
-----75~3 ~

60.8
50.7

674
817
817

63,871
78,365
73,708

767
791

76,999
78,272

803

78,09'2

738
725
658

68,581
72,767
61,546

627
572
596
586
603

63,241
54,145
55,998,
56,644
55,285

634
639

60,310
58,994

641

59,232

621
596
585

62,299
57,332
57,750

Season average price, 1908-1945: Dec. 1 price, 1866-1907.

Acreage Production
harvested

YEAR

230

58,658

3,499
3,182
2,811

1919 ______

229
1,000

696

1928 ______
1927 ______
1926 ______

19'24 ______

228

793
768
769

91.2
131.6
---------427,249
53.2
369,644
101.9
321,607
131.4

1929 ____ "_

Average
Acreage Production price per
harvested
bushel 2

1,000

,Cents
204.0
192.0
---204~O-

119.3
94.0
85.5
74.9
-----73~O-

82.0
92.9
69.7
79.8
-----69~4-

53.3
71.3
108.1
116.0
----ii8~O-

109.0
117.4
165.1
149.6
----i20~6-

100.4
113.1
141.7
169.0
----i5i~5-

128.2
96.6
76.1
85.2
83.7
86.8
92.0
78.9
69.3
-----ii6~5-

70.6
62.1
2

SWEETPOTATOES

IRISH POTATOES

SWEETPOTA TOES

Average
Acreage Production price per
harvested
bushel I

225

226

1,000

1,000

Average
price per
bushel I
227

bushels
300,701
349,492
276,284
296,568
207,412

CentB
61.2
45.3
61.2
47.4
76.7

2,997
2,939

259,688
272,568

43.0
40.1

1898 _____
1897 _____
1896 _____

2,939

273,318

2,877
2,809
2,968

240,848
198,174
262,735

1895 _____
1894 _____
1893 _____
1892 _____
1891. ____

3,090
2,869
2,614
2,519
2,633

1890 _____
1889 _____

2,557
2,603

1905 _____
1904 _____
1903 _____
1902 _____
1901. ____

acres
3,263
3,208
3,079
3,077
2,950

1900 _____
1899 _____
1899 _____

1889 _____

1870~ ____
lR69 _____

1,443
1,479

1868 _____ --------1,400

1867 _____
1866 _____

1,289
1,225

1859 ______ --------1849 ______

---------

50.5
52.8

50,743
41,587
42,001

302,115
197,690
204,224
190,200
263,617

26.6
53.5
59.0
65.7
36.1

545
548
545
544
537

44,886
49,676
45,615
46,364
45,773

49.5

170,108
217,933

69.6
35.9

531
521

44,963
44,779

52.6
52.0

-----42~2-

-----(Sr-48.6
43.1
47.6
(')
(I)
(I)

---_ .. _----

525

4:'1,950

69.2
,15.5

515
494.
481

44,838
38 ;528
39,061

197,144
207,981
227,088
197,317
127,573

44.0
38.2
41.3
54.5
91. 3

474
476
470
469
441

40,111
32,376
31,096
41,742
24,830

50.9
57.3
56.3
60.1

165,158
169,439

48.2
43.2

469
451

40,128
33,851

50.5
54.9

2,335
2,307
2.373
2,216
2,036

1869 ______

Cents
58.0
60.4
58.2
57.8
57.4

547
531
557

1885._____
1884 _____
1883 _____
1882 _____
1881. ____

1,789
1,654
1,543
1,559
1,496

bushels
58,560
55,515
52,871
48,975
48,156

55.3
29.0

217,546

1875 _____
1874 _____
1873 _____
1872 _____
1S7L ____

acres
574
570
565
558
558

42,517

239,642
159,615
195,075

1878 _____
1877 _____
1876 _____

230

45,684
42,245

2,601

1879 _____

229

1,000

542
531

2,604
2,466
2,393

1,968
1,961
---------1,879
1,878
1,783

228
1,000

537

1888 _____
1887 _____
1886. ____

1880 ____ ~
1879. ____

Average
price per
bushel 2

Acreage Production
harvested

16.9,459

-----39~i-

-----58 ~ 5- ------479454
460

38,703
35,196
38,214

179,811
131,114
129,497
133,574
134,722

38.3
67.2
69.6
59.8
57.8

425
406
392
379
375

32,518
30,150
33,269
27,148
28,093

107,875
144,599

70.8
50.9

1.1;3,337

120,292
99,663
111,615

- ----78~890.4
66.4

3)
(8)

73.7
.79.2
78.1
83.8
83.4

30,911
352
88.5
22,713
351
116.5
21,710 ---------------------------- .. --------- .. ---------

------325- - --28~557- ----iti6~ i-

111 ,laO ---------- .. --------65,798 ---------- .. ---------

Season average price, 1910-1945; Dec. 1 price, 1868-1909.

(I)

-----[3)---

33,379

44.6
65.9

143,363
173,701
122,611

57.1
56.0
53.3

42,095 ---------38,2fi8 -- --------

Not available.

109

, Data: E 231-243

AGRICULTURE

Series E 231-243.-FRUITS AND VEGETABLES-APPLES, PEACHES, PEARS, GRAPES, ORAt--JGES,


AND GRAPEFRUIT: 1889 TO 1945
[Census figures are in italics. Prices are season average returns to growers]

PEACHES

APPLES
YEAR

Production
ComTotal
mercial l

Returns
per
bushel

Production

PEARS

Returns
per
bushel

Production

ORANGES 2

GRAPES

Returns
per
bushel

Production

Returns
per
bushel

Production a

GRAPEFRUIT

Returns
per
box 4

------------~---I--------I---------I--------I---------I--------I---------I--------I---------1--------1--------

231

232

1,000

1944-_____
1943______
1942______
194L_____

195

234

Dollars
3.01

bushels
81,548

1,000

bushels
1945______ __________

1944______

233

,~68

__________
__________
__________
__________

1940______ __________

bushels
66,796

2.21
2.39
1.37
0.96

111,436

0.80

1939______ __________
1938 _____ _ 125,440
1931-_____ 201,459
1936______ 116,827

139,247
105 ,718
153,169
98,025

0.64
0 . 82
0.64
1.04

1935 _____ _

140,398

1999______

1981;. _____ _

1934 _____ _
1933 _____ _
1932 _____ _
193L ___ ~_
1930 _____ _
1929 _____ _

1929 _____ _
1928 _____ _
1927 _____ _
1926 _____ _
1925 _____ _
1921;. _____ _

1924 _____ _
1923 _____ _
1922 _____ _
192L ____ _
1920 _____ _
1919 _____ _

150,099

174,407

___________________ _

121;.,297

128,203 --106:005148,640 __________


146,809 __ ___ __ __ _
205,404 __________
156,623

0.72
-----0~88-

0.79
0.61
0.64

78,191
42,761
66,720
75,363

152,424

57,832
64,222
53,922
60 ;049
48,756
55,440
44,748

48,602
46,141
44,108
77,846

1. 03

56,392
.45,358
66,645
43,853
67,267

1.26

46,101

1.23
1.10
0.99
1. 64

52,504
45,665
58,321
33,479

152,967

47,755

1.24

206,688

bushels
33,042

196,561

45,268

27,788

2.35
2.69
1.50
0.91
0.79

0.89

1.00
-----1~49-

1.57

20,172

1.49
1.40
1.53
2.18

1905 _____ _
1904- ____ _
1903 _____ _
1902 _____ _
190L ____ _

136,220
233,630
195,680
212,330
135,500

190o _____ _
1899 _____ _

175,324
118,061
163 ,728
232 , 600

1895 _____ _
1894 _____ _
1893 _____ _
1892 _____ _
189L ____ _

219,600
134,648
114,773
120,536
198,907

1890 _____ _
1889 _____ _

17,329
20,487
11,562

240

Dollars
59.30

boxes
104,350

0.74 2,466,450

__________ 2,201;.,727

0.74
O. 57
0.76
0.79

2,448,950
2,671,150
2,726,150
1,897,350

0.74 2,477,450

_ _________ 1 ,865,11;.9

0.80
o. 68
0.49
0.77

1,957,600
1 ,938 ,650
2,232,650
1,647,300

0.84 2,457,500

__________ 1 ,91;.1 ,699


1. 71 2,086,100

1. 22 2,653,000
1. 56 2,591,700
1. 02 2,383,700
1.48 2,199,700

17,475

----78~86-

1.00

11 ,034 _ _________

967,500

8,81;.1

242

Lox

243

1,000

Dollars
2.93
-----2~69-

boxes
63,450

---52:180-

Dollars
1.37
-----i~69-

106,651
89,349
85,163

2.64
2.47
1.56

56,090
50,481
40,261

1.53
1.15
0.74

17.20

85,510

1.18

42,883

0.43

-- --i5~ 90 - ---75:742- --- --0 ~95- -- -35 :192- -----0 ~ 4414.50


20.40
21.40
14.90
----i9~80-

18.00
13.40
22.60
19.50
----27~30-

20.10
27.00
26.40
33.10

----37:ii6-

1. 66 1,520,400

1,268,000
1,214,800
987,600
1,197,000
1,174,650

--i13:216-

241

62.20
35.60
24.10

1.37 2,226,100 __________


1.072,084,000 __________
1.761,268,000 __________

__________
__________
__________
__________
__________

0.83

1,000

78,531
74,285
54,538
52,073

---63:98847,174
51,615
49,902
55,060

---3i:829-

0.77
0.83
1.75
1. 51
-----i~i5-

1.39
0.88
1.22
1.35
-----3~59-

43 ,594
31,133
30,670
18,347

---21:347-

0.31
1).57
0.58
0.88
-----O~55-

14,672
0.83
15,0040.58
15,181
0.80
18,690

---ii:2i5-

0.73
-----1~89-

56,218
32,736
39,635

1.64
3.73
2.52

13,236
8,920
9,753

1.06
2.10
1.30

34,755

2.67

8,550

1. 95

---29~966- -----2~85- ----9~693- -----O~96-

38,300
32,569
22,668

1.44
1.96
2.94

9,023
8,289
7,103

0.58
1.17
1.54

33,385

1.86

6,234

1. 63

14,891
2.021,574,150 ==========
13,400 __________ 1,316,700 __________
13,798 __________ 1,425,700 __________
12,323 __________ 1,266,950 __________

__________ 1 ,192,593

9,185 __________ 1 ;133 ,250

-----3~ii- ----6~295- -----1~6024,315


2.81
8,880
2.06
12,267
3.45
2,227
1.84
27,015
1.33
2,688
1.49

---24:809-

1.47
1. 09
1. 01
1.45
1.24

2,559
2,589
2,307
2,085
1,214

20,678

1.18

1,236

1.33

17,539

1. 03

1,119

1. 53

23,647
25,407
25,888
13,570
19,223

1.24
0.62
1. 72
1.32
2.84

36,631
41,067
28,847
37,828
46,442

80,142
149,106

____ ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ __ __ __ _ _________ - ___ _ ___ ___ _____ - - - - - ._ - - - - - - - __ __ _ ___ ____ ___ ___ _ ___ _____ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - __
__ _____ __ _ ___ ___ ___ _ _ __ __ __ ___ _____ - _- __ ___ __ __ __ _ ___ _ __ ___ _ _- _____ ___ __ _ ___ ____ _________ - ___ _ __ ___ _ _. __ - - - - - - - - - - ___ - - __

96,968

_________ _

3,061;.

____________________________________________________________ ---- _____ _

142,974

1 Estimates of the commercial crop refer to the production in the commercial


apple areas of each State and include fruit produced for sale to commercial processors as well as for sale for fresh consumption.
2 Includes tangerines.

110

239

__________ ==========
__________
15,430 ==========
________________________________________________________________________________
_______ _
;~~:i~~- ==========
j~:!~~
----6:625- ========== --650:492- ======~=== ========== ========== ========== -==========
__________________________________________________________________________________________ -- ________ ---------- --- ______ _

1899 _____ _
1898 _____ _
1897 _____ _
1896 _____ _

1889 _____ _

43,682
95,470

2,712,100
2,965,250
2,395,500
2,724,900

12,443
13,017
10,808
13,133
12,214

60,362
52,345
41,741
49,358
32,710

35,323
48,143
22,524
44,101

2.18
2.36
1. 55
1. 03

0.82
1.02
1.04
0.94
1.18

0.68
0.57
0.89
0.62
0.68
0.80

__________ 2,620,017

_______ __ 1,258,1;.20

201,720
233,351
135,104
225,029
210,447

0.78

Dollars
Tons
2.17 2,781,400

14,204

50,686

1915 _____ _
1914 _____ _
1913 _____ _
1912 _____ _
191L ____ _

139,915

238

-----i~3i- ---18~724- -----1~57- i~774~256-

1.86
1.67
1.34
1.08

145,388
148,940
119,560
216,720

27,167
19,520

1.03
1.25
1.06

52,560
37,913
47,544
37,543

145,412

25,943
28,095
24,010
24,513
25,280

21,726
24,491
18,266
24,484

1. 78
1.28
1.11
0.82

1910 _____ _

29,590
29,279
31,704
29,212
27,326
26,579

0.87
0.80
0.60
0.60

140,632
161,484
155,365 _________ _
181,215 _________ _

1909 _____ _
1908 __ : __ _
1907 _____ _
1906 _____ _

31,337
24,239
30,244
29,129
24,981

0.82
0.77
1.04
1.00

1919 _____ _
1918 _____ _
1917 _____ _
1916_ *_ * __

1909 _____ _

237

1 ,000

56,577

42,827

160,457
180,915
189,425
95,638

Dollars
2.24

68,011

1.39
1.09
1.48
0.88

126,1;.99

135,102
177,813
115,708
229,656

236

1,000

___________________ _

121,266
87,310
126,707
122,217

235

Returns
per

Production

8 Relates to crop from the bloom of the year shown. In California the picking
season usually extends from Oct. 1 to Dec. 31 for oranges, and Oct. 1 to Sept. 30
of the following year for grapefruit. In other States the season begins about Oct. 1
and ends in early summer.
4 Prices are the equivalent per unit returns at the intake packing house door for
all methods of sale.

FARM CREDIT

Data: E 244-:-257

Series E 244-255.-FARM CREDIT-FARM-MORTGAGE DEBT, LOANS, INTEREST:


1910 TO 1945
[Loans held by FFMC (Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation) are those made by Land Bank Commissioner. Land Bank Commissioner loans first made in 1933; in 1934
and thereafter made on behalf of FFMC. Joint-stock land banks have been in liquidation since May 12, 19~3; includes banks in receivership J

FARM-MORTnAGE DEBT

Total
debt
outstanding
Jan. 1

YEAR

Federal
land
banks
and
FFMCI

Life
insurance
companies 1

Commercial
banks 2

TN'I'1<JRES'I'
ON FARr,f MORTGAGEs
- -PAY4.BLE
--

FARM MORTClACl1<J

~-

__ _IJJ __

~......!.

LOANS CLOSED

Amounts held Jan. 1 by


Jointstock
land
banks 1

Individuals
and
others

By Federal
land
banks
and
FFMC

Interest rates

By jointstock
land
banks

Mortgage
loans
recorded

Mortgage
loans
outstanding Jan. 1

252

253

244

245

246

247

248

249

250

251

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1945 ________________
1944 ________________
1943 ________________
1942 ________________
194L _______________

dollars
4,932,942
5,389,080
5,950,975
6,372,277
6,491,435

dollars
dollars
1,556,983
933,723
1,882,637
986,661
2,262,135 1,042,939
2,515,669 1,063,166
2,642,333 1,016,479

dollars
449,582
448,433
476,676
535,212
543,408

dollars
5,455
10,087
37,015
55,919
73,455

dollars
1,987,199
2,061,262
2,132,210
2.,202,311
2,215,760

dollars
120,581
103,887
91,309
81,841
102,034

dollars
14
2
68
49

(7)

1940 ________________
1939 ________________
1938 ________________
1937 ________________
1936 ________________

6,586,399
6,779,318
6,954,884
7,153,963
7,422,701

984,290
2,723,110
2,862,855
982,939
2,950,761
988,557
2,989,019 1,015,615
2,907,649 1,112,289

534,170
519,276
501,450
487,534
487,505

91,726
114,992
133,554
162,786
200,617

2,253,103
2,299,256
2,380,562
2,499,009
2,714,641

100,317
78,691
80,389
102,538
185,489

123
363
175
367
337

1935 ________________
1934 ________________
1933 ________________
1932 ________________
1931 ________________

7,584,459
7,685,203
8,466,418
9,093,983
9,398,088

2,564,179
1,328,563
1,147,014
1,180,992
1,197,063

1,301,562
1,697,787
1,898,318
2,036,614
2,087,047

498,842
710,863
889,083
940,135
946,876

277,020
412,346
474,954
552,180
605,858

2,942,856
443,.479
3,535,644 1,283,182
4,057,049
222,397
4,384,062
27,516
4,561,244
41,814

275
216
739
2,181
5,407

1930 ________________
1929 ________________
1928 ________________
1927 ________________
1926 ________________

9,630,768
9,756,559
9,756,957
9,658,422
9,713,213

1,201,732
1,182,813
1,144,984
1,068,642
998,552

2,118,439
2,138,980
2,172,863
2,123,66{
2,030,301

997,468
1,046,624
1,097,085
1,143,595
1,178,460

637,789
656,516
669,798
632,476
545,559

4,675,340
4,731,626
4,672,227
4,690,045
4,960,341

47,146
63,004
100,615
138,424
128,978

1925 ________________
1924 ________________
1923 ________________
1922 ________________
1921 ________________

9,912,650
10,664,919
10,785,621
10,702,257
10,221,126

923,077
799,597
639,486
432,523
349,679

1,942,624
1,792,145
1,556,203
1,432,367
1,205,778

1,200,456
1,388,106
1,506,467
1,540,000
1,447,483

446,429
392,639
218,775
85,017
77,959

5,400,064
6,292,432
6,864,690
7,212,345
7,140,227
5,915,930
4,924,364
4,531,777
4,030,717
3,714,585

Per~ent

Interest charges
Index of
interest
charges
Amount
per acre
(1910-14=
100)
254

255

1 ,000

54.9

4.5
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.5

dollars
220,113
230,165
245,817
271 ,847
284,294

69
73
79
89
94

(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)

4.6
4.6
4.7
4.9
5.1

293,091
305,449
320,094
340,730
364,474

98
103
108
116
124

5.4
5.3
5.8
6.4
6.4

5.5
5.8
6.0
6.0
6.0

396,092
430,420
472,283
525,760
553,008

135
148
164
185
197

5,236
18,186
40,572
83,719
123,026

6.4
6.3
6.2
6.2
6.3

6.0
6.0
6.1
6.1
6.2

569,756
581,999
589,Q30
593,006
598,244

206
213
219
223
228

124,809
162,475
190,271
224,301
91,030

131,431
74,587
189,748
138,685
9,335

6.3
6.3
6.3
6.7
7.0

6.3
6.3
6.4
6.3
6.2

61i ,612
646,838
679,220
679,904
652,656

236
251
261
260
248

66,985
144, ,987
118,130
39,112

818,100
852,000
s 8,400
82,300

6.4
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.3

6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.2

574,090
476,312
417,032
378,309
340,532

217
180
159
145
131

(6)

Percent
.54.7
(7)

54.8

1920 ________________
1919 ________________
1918 __ " _____________
1917 ________________
1916 ________________

8,448,772
293,595
974,826 1,204,383
GO,038
7,137,365
156,214 1,018,163 1,030,240
8,384
6,536,860
39,112
955,591 1,008,492
1,888
5,825,851 ---------- 861,144
933,990 ---------5,256,425 ---------- 765,571
776,269 ----------

1915 ________________
1914 ________________
1913 ________________
1912 ________________
1911 ________________

4,990,785 ---------4,707,358 ---------4,347,679 ---------3,929,758 ---------3,522,121 ----------

669,984
597,462
550,158
479,653
423,454

746,111 ---------- 3,574,690 ---------723,787 ---------- 3,386,109 ---------673,752 ---------- 3,123,769 ------- .. -580,300 ---------- 2,869,805 ---------477,568 ---------- 2,621,099 ----------

----------------------------

6.4
6.4
6.4
6.4
6.4

6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.0

314,255
296,236
276,294
251,745
225,351

122
116
110
101
91

1910 ________________

3,207,863

386,961

406,248

----------

----------

6.4

6.0

203,188

83

----------

----------

1 Beginning 1930, includes purchase-money mortgages and sales contracts in


addition to regular mortgages.
2 For 1935-45 includes insured commercial banks; prior to 1935, all open State
and national banks.
J Average contract rates, except for temporarily reduced rates on outstanding
loans of Federal land banks, 1934-44, and Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation,
1938-45.

2,414,654

---------- -------------------

----------

4 Payable during calendar year on outstanding loans. Excludes amounts paid by


Secretary of the Treasury to Federal land banks, 1933-44, and Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation, 1937-45, as reimbursement for interest reductions granted
borrowers.
. ~ Average of rates on mortgages recorded during month of March only.
6 Less than $500.
7 Data not available.
8 Partially estimated.

Series E 256,--257.-FARM CREDIT-BANKRUPTCY CASES FILED BY FARMERS: 1899 TO1945


[Figures for 1940 to 1945 are,for cases filed; for earlier years, cases concluded. Data are for years ending June 301
FARMER CASES FILED
YEAR

Number

As percent
of all cases

256

257

1945 __________
1944 __________
1943 __________
1942 __________
194L _________

303
504
1,144
2,042
2,334

2.4
2.6
3.3
3.9
4.1

1940 __________
1939 __________
1938 __________
1937 __________
1936 __________

2,622
1,422
1,799
2,479
3,642

5.0
3.2
3.6
4.5
7.0

1935. _________
1934 __________

4,311
4,716

7.7
8.0

FARMER CASES FILED


YEAR

Number

As percent
of all cases

256

257

1933 __________
1932 __________
193L _________

5,917
4,849
4,023

8.9
7.7
6.7

1930 __________
1929 __________
1928 __________
1921. _________
1926 __________

4,464
4,939
5,679
6,296
7,769

7.4
8.7
10.6
13.1
16.5

1925 __________
1924 __________
1923 __________

7,872
7,772
5,940

17.8
18.7
17.3

FARMER CASES FILED

FARMER CASES FILED


YEAR

Number

As percent
of all cases

256

257

1922 __________
192L _________

3,236
1,363

14.4
9.0

1920 __________
1919 __________
1918 __________
1917 __________
1916 __________

997
1,207
1,632
1,906
1,658

6.4
6.3
7.0
7.5
6.9

1915 __________
1914,. _________
1913 __________
1912 __________
191L ___ _____

1,246
1,045
942
837
679

5.9
5,6
5.3
5.4
4.8

YEAR

Number

As percent
of all cases

256

257

1910 __________
1909 __________
1908 __________
1901. _________
1906 __________

849
797
835
1,065
844

5.7
6.7
7.1
8.7
7.9

1905 __________
190L _________
1903 __________
1902 __________
190L _________

832
884
977
1,327
1,464

6.6
7.2
7.7
9.4
10.1

1900 __________
1899 _____ .: ____

2,064
1,926

9.9
9.7

111

Data: E 258-269

AG RICULTURE

Series E 258-269.-F...A...RM CREDIT-NON=REAL=ESTATE AGRIC1JLTURAL LOANS AND


DISCOUNTS, AND INDEXES OF DEPOSITS OF COUNTRY BANKS; 1910 TO 1945
FEDERAL INTERMEDIATE CREDIT BANKS:

EMERGENCY, CROP AND

YEAR

1.OANS TO AND DISCOUNTS FOR ! Commercial


FEED LOANS 2
bank non- I--------.---------I----------------~-----------------.----------------
Private
financing
Cooperative associaBanks for
real-estate
tions
institutions
Cooperatives
agricultural
OutMade
loans
during
standing,
Made
OutOutMade
OutMade
outstanding,
year
Jan. 1
during
standing,
during
standing,
during
standing,
Jan.l1
year 4
year 4
year 4
Jan. 1
Jan. 1
Jan. 1

258

260

259

261

262

263

264

265

266

INDEXES OF DEPOSITS OF COUNTRY


BANKS (Base: 1924-29 =100)

Total
deposits

Demand
deposits

Time
deposits

267

268

269

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1.000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1945 __ .. ___________ _
1944 ______________ _
1943 ______________ _
1942 ______________ _
1941. _____________ _

dollars
1,377,405
1,328,480
1,490,908
1,497,205
1,326,120

dollars
15,085
17,087
17,232
18,411
16,891

dollars
138,068
146,181
155,456
163,792
167,862

dollars
73,039
79,266
91,790
106,881
100,697

dollars
&29,966
634,138
638,182
637,939
633,116

dollars
4,032
3,402
5,000
9,397
5,651

dollars
700
2,000
2,000
2,152
1,490

dollars
93,482
142,628
222,782
159,055
68,608

dollars
665,002
6103,685
76,160
31,582
15,553

329
257
201
141
116

462
365
283
184
138

156
120
100
94
92

1940 __ . ___________ _
1939 ______________ _
1938 ______________ _
1937 ______________ _
1936 ______________ _

1,134,573
1,109,489
821,935
620,920
743,731

18,962
14,567
19,196
31,815
16,136

167,796
170,952
171,983
164,762
172,470

87,315
85,383
88,698
100,983
105,587

32,316
32,612
39,974
40,508
46,519

4,593
4,156
2,668
5,129
3,755

1,835
920
1,813
1,641
2,731

31,601
28,879
38,430
36,808
29,631

17,560
25,045
29,075
22,247
8,016

102
94
90
90
83

116
106
99
102
94

87
84
82
79
74

1935 ______________ _
1934 ______________ _
1933 ______________ _
1932 ______________ _
1931. _____________ _

840,887
913,204
1 ,27~ ,211
1,649,855
2,109,050

96,381
70,471
57,376
64,205
55,788

111,238
90,863
90,353
49,769
II 61,441

116,137
124,429
140,526
148,624
118,380

55,083
60,381
79,658
71,960
62,462

44,011
57,357
27,787
88,997
145,127

33,969
15,005
9,618
45,177
64,377

1930 ______________ _
1929 ______________ _
1928 ______________ _
1927______________ _
1926 ______________ _

2,490,742
2,596,491
2,552,134
2,568,146
2,699,100

5,340
5,760
------- ...

98,946
'7,976
112,246
II 2,292
II 2,101

103,906
90,591
82,136
85,456
72,589

47,283
43,884
42,334
38,976
25,974

109,927
43,588
53,571
50,799
108,530

26,073
36,174
31,991
52,700
53,685

1925 ______________ _
1924 ______________ _
1923 ______________ _
1922 ______________ _
1921. _____________ _

2,674,237
9 2,207
53,191
18,760
100,148
43,507 __________ __________
100
102
98
2,943,818 ------43r 910 1 460
34,004
9,105
83,223
33,627 __________ __________
95
96
92
3,088,456 __________ 910 1'306
9,367 __________
35,519 __________ __________ __________
1194
1198
1188
3,281,082
.1,465 9 10 2:765 _________________________________________________________________________________________ _
3,869 .. 891
1,940 __________________________________________________________________________________________ - ________ _

1920 ______________ _
1919 ______________ _
1918 ___________ '___ _
1917 ______________ _
1916 ______________ _

3,453,794
2,661,547
2,489,280
2,033,772
1,747,659

1915 ______________ _
1914 ______________ _
1913 ______________ _
1912 ______________ _
1911. _____________ _

1,605,958
1,596,966
1,520,007
1,379,757
1,338,334

--

------244-

9,503 ------------------ - ------------------- ------------------- ----------

-------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------

----------

772
64
853
64
81

778
66
49
57
75

769
.65
8 60
74
90

94
102
103
100
101

89
99
102
99
102

101
106
105
100
99

.
---------------------------- ------------------------------------- ---------- ---------1,997 ---------__________________
' ____________
_____________
____________
______________________________
,- ---------- ________ _
~

2,204 __________________________________________________________________________________________ - ________ _

1910 ____________,___ 111,339,699


1 All active banks. Includes loans guaranteed by Commodity Credit Corporation.
, Seed, feed, and crop production loans; also includes drought-relief loans made
in 1934-35 and orchard rehabilitation loans made in 1942-44.
a Excludes loans to production credit associations.
, Includes renewals.
5 Federal Reserve member banks in places of less than 15,000 population in the
following States: Ark., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kansas, Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo.,
Nebr., N.Y., N.C., N. Dak., Ohio, Okla., Pa., S. Dak., Texas, and Wis.

112

Includes loans guaranteed by Commodity Credit Corporation~


Average of 7 months.
8 Average of 11 months.
9 As of July 1.
10 Excludes loans made in 1918-19. The amount of these loans outstanding as'
of July I, 1925, was $1,052,450.
11 Average of 9 months.
6

Chapter F. Land, Forestry, and Fisheries (Series F 1-219)


Public Lands of the United States: Series F 1-24

gift, tracts of land needed for various public purposes, such as sites
for public buildings, defense installations, and natural-resource
ACQUISITION (F 1-7)
conservation activities. Such lands are often referred to as acquired .
F 1-1. Acquisition and extent of territory and public domain,
lands, to distinguish them from public-domain lands. Complete
1181-1945. SOURCE: See detailed listing below.
statistics are not available as to the extent of such acquisitions.
t/j F 1-3. Acquisition of the territory of the United States, 1783F 7. Estimated area of the public domain, 1802-1946. SOURCE:
1945. SOURCE: Areas of Acquisitions to the Territory of the United
Bureau of Land Management, Department of the Interior. Data
States . .. J Department of Interior, Office of the Secretary, Washare estimates based on imperfect data for the years indicated. For
ington, Government Printing Office, 1922. All areas are given as
definition of public domain, see text for series F 4-6.
computed in 1912 by a Federal Government committee representing the General Land Office and the Geological Survey (DePUBLIC LANDS AND THE NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM (F 8-24)
partment of the Interior) and the Bureau of Statistics and the
F 8-16, F 19-24. General note. These series on disposal of public
Bureau of the Census (then in the Department of Commerce and
hinds,
1800-1945, were provided by the Bureau of Land ManageLabor). Figures shown here have not been adjusted for the new
area measurements for the United States which were made for the ment, Department of the Interior, except as otherwise noted. For
1940 Decennial Census. For the revised figures in square miles, definition of public-domain lands and acquired lands,see text for
see series B 26-28. The new measurements resulted in a decrease series F 4-6. The laws which govern the management, use, and sale
of 4,402 square miles in the gross area (land and water combined), or other disposal of public-domain lands are known as the public.
and in an increase of 3,352 square miles in the land area. (See Bu- land law8. The earlier concept with respect to the public domain
reau of the Census, Sixteenth Census Reports, Areas of the United was to pass the public lands into private ownership as rapidly as
possible. Initially to raise revenue and later to hasten the settle~
States, 1940, 1942, p. 3.)
ment
and development of the country, the Congress passed thou~
Recognition of its sovereignty over its present continental landarea of 2,977,128 square miles, or about 1,905 million acres (as sands of laws providing for the disposal of the original public
recomputed for the 1940 Decennial Census), was acquired by the domain to States and their subdivisions and to private owners.
United States Government .through a series of international agree- Under these laws, approximately 285 million acres have been
ments and treaties. The United States, however, did not gain title patented to homesteaders, 225 million acres have been granted to
to all of these lands by such agreements. At the time of acquisition States for various public purposes and 90 million acres to railroad
of sovereignty over the areas involved, title to about 463 million corporations to aid in financing the construction of railroads, and
acres rested in individual States and their political subdivisions or about 430 million acres have been sold or otherwise disposed of.
in private owners, which title was not relinquished to the United Disposals have reduced the original public domain to its present
States. Title to the remaining 1,442 million acres passed to the area of about 413 million acres (see seriesF 7). Special laws provide
United States Government during the period from 1781 to 1853. for the disposal of surplus acquired lands, as, for example, the SurF 4-6. Acquisition of the original public domain, 1781-1945. plus Property Act of 1944.
F 8. Vacant public lands, 1904~1945. SOURCE: Annual Report
SOURCE: Same as series F 1-3, above. For area by States, see Department of the Interior, "Statistical Appendix" (p. 4) of the of the Commissioner of the General Land Office, 1904-1945. The
Annual Report of the Commissioner of the General Land Office, 1946. data were compiled by the Bureau of Land Management, DepartBy acts of cession during the period from. 1781 to 1802 seven of ment of the Interior, and are to be considered as estimates. These
the Original Thirteen States relinquished to the United States data do not include public lands i!l Alaska.
The vacant public lands of the United States are public-domain
Government for the common good their claims to the "western
lands;" roughly the area north of the Ohio River and east of the lands (see text for series F 4-6) which are not reserved for any
Mississippi River and the area embraced by the present States of purpose other than for reclassification and which are not covered
Alabama and Mississippi. The State of Maryland ceded the present by any non-Federal right or claim other than permits, leases,
area of the District of Columbia in 1788. In 1850 the State of Texas rights-oi-way, 9r unreported mining claims. They are subject to
sold its lands outside its present boundaries to the United States. acquisition by applicants under appropriate laws, such as the laws
Title to the remaining area west of the Mississippi River (except governing homesteads or grants to States. It is upon these laws
the State of Texas) and to Florida passed to the United States for the most part that entries and selections (see text for series F
Government as sovereign at the time of their addition to the 11-13) are made. The Bureau of Land Management, Department
Nation during the period from 1803 to 1853. For detailed infor- of the Interior, administers the public-land laws relating to such
mation, see Douglas, E. M., Boundaries, "Areas, Geographic Ceniers entries and selections, a function transferred to it from the Gen~
and Altitudes of the United States and the Several States . . Depart- era! Land Office as a part of Reorganization Plan No. of 1946.
ment of the Interior, Geological Survey Bulletin 817, 1939 edition,
F 9. Cash receipts of the General Land Office from the disposal
and Hibbard, B. H., A History of the Public Land Policies, Mac- of public and ceded Indian lands and resources, 1881-1945.
Millan Co., N. Y. 1924.
SOURCE: Annual Report of the Commissioner of the General Land
With the exception of lands in the District of Columbia, _the Office, 1946, "Statistical Appendix," pp. 120-121. Figures are for
total of 1,442 million acres of land area (see series F 5), title to fiscal years. These data represent the total receipts of the General
which became vested in the Government, is known as the original Land Office covered into the Treasury during the period from 1881
public domain. Any of su.ch lands which the Government has not through 1945 and include the relatively small receipts from land
disposed of under the public-land laws, are generally referred to and resources in Alaska. They do not include the receipts which
as public-domain lands.
other Government agencies realized from their operations on FedIn addition to the public domain, the United States Government erallands, although they do' include some receipts from lands under
has from time to time acquired by purchase, condemnation, and the administration of such agencies. For example, mineral leases

113

Text: F 9-24

LAND, FORESTRY, AND FISHERIES

for public-domain lands within national forests were issued by the I quire analysis of supporting records. Data include disposals of
General Land Office, which also collected the mineral rentals, lands in Alaska.
royalties, and bonuses from such lands. Also, during the fiscal
F 14-16. Homestead entries, except on ceded Indian lands,
years 1935 through part of 1940 the General Land Office collected 1863-1945. SOURCE: Series F 14: For 1884-1945, see Department
grazing fees for lands within grazing districts and during the fiscal of the Interior, Annual Report of the Commissioner of the General
years of 1908 through the first half of 1913 collected water-right Land Office, 1884-1946; for 1863-1883, see Donaldson, Thomas,
charges in connection with the Bureau of Reclamation irrigation
The Public Domain, Government Printing Office, Washington,
projects. Other examples of multiple jurisdiction exist.
D. C., 1884, pp. 351-355. Series F 15: Annual volumes, Statistical
For receipts from sales of public lands as reported by the Treas- Abstract of the United States, 1889-1946. Series F 16: For 1868ury Department, see chapter P, series P 94. The data representing 1928, see Statistical Abstract, 1929, p.130; for 1929-1945, see Statisreceipts from sales of public lands which are included within series tical Abstract, 1946, p. 162. For definitions of the terms' original
F 9, however, are not identical to those shown for series P 94, since entries and final entries, see text for series F 11-13.
The data on the number of originai homestead entries do not
the General Land Office reports of receipts from sales did not cover
include the number of applications which were accepted for lands
the same period as the Treasury reports.
FlO. Area of land granted by the United States to the several that had been ceded by the Indians to the United States with the
States for pub lie purposes, 1802-1938. SOURCE: Annual Report of provision that proceeds from their disposal would be covered into
the Commissioner of the General Land Office, 1946, "Statistical Ap- the Treasury to the credit of the {ndians. Detailed statistics on
pendix," pp. 108-119; see also General Land Office Information such homestead entries were not published in the reports of the
Bulletin No.1, 1939 series. The data on land grants to the States Commissioner of the General Land Office prior to 1924. Such refor various public purposes are presented according to the calendar ports contain general information as to the disposal of ceded In~
year in which the granting legislation was passed by the Congress. dian lands. The records upon which the reports were based are for
Some variation in the series is possible since the language of some the most part on file in the National Archives.
The data on acreage of final entries (series F 16) .do not include
of the statutes, including that of amendatory legislation, offers
alternatives in the selection of the year to which individual grants commuted homesteads. A commuted homestead entry is a homestead
could be assigned. As with the land. grants for the construction of entry not exceeding 160 acres in connection with which the entrycanals and other transportation improvements (series F 20-24), man pays the minimum statutory price for the land in consideration
many of these grants were satisfied through delivery of evidence of for reduction in residence and other requirements. Only certain
legal title over the years. On June 30, 1946, this process of adjudi- classes of homestead entries can be commuted.
F 17-18. National Park System, 1916-1945. SOURCE: See decation had not yet been completed for all of the grants and small
changes in the data shown will occur; The data are estimated in tailed listing below.
F 17. Area of Federally owned lands administered by National
part and apparently include a small amount of duplication of inPark Service, 1916-1945. SOURCE: pepartmentof the Interior,
formation given in series F 20.
Annual Report of the Director of the National Park Service, 1916F 11-13. Area of original entries and selections, final entries,
1946. These data include public-domain and acquired lands (see
and patents and certifications, 1869-1945. SOURCE: For 1920text for series F 4-6). In 1946, the area included 25 national parks,
1945, see Department of the Interior, Annual Report of the Com4 national historical parks, 82 national monuments, 11 national
missioner of the General Land Office; for 1869-1919, see annual
military parks, 1 national battlefield park, 7 national battlefield
volumes, Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1879-1919.
sites, 10 national historic sites, 9 national memorials, 10 national
Figures for 1903 to 1908 are revised as shown in the Statistical
cemeteries, 3 national parkways, 1 national. historical parJr project,
Abstract, 1909.
1 national battlefield park project, 4 recreational areas, and the
The data on entries, selections, patents, and certifications refer National Capital Parks. These data do not include national parks
to transactions which involve the disposal, under the public-land and monuments in Alaska and Hawaii which, in 1916; comlaws (including the homestead laws) of Federal public-domain prised 75,000 acres; in 1946, 7,108,000 acreE!.
lands to non-Federal owners. In general terms, original entries and
F 18. Visitors to National Park System per travel year, 1916selections are applications to secure title to public-domain lands 1945. SOURCE: Records of National Park Service. Figures on
which have been accepted as properly filed. Some types of appli- number of visitors are estimated in part and do not include visitors
cations, however, are not reported until the final certificate is to national parks and monuments in Alaska and Hawaii which,
issued (see below) and are, therefore, not included in series F 11. in 1921, comprised 16,000 and in 1946, 433,000 persons. Travel
Applications become final entries upon issuance of a final certif- year refers to period, October 1 to September 30.
icate which is given to the applicant after he has complied fully
F 19. Public land sales, 1800-1860. SOURCE: Smith, Walter
with the requirements of the laws relating to his application. Buckingham, and Cole, Arthur Harrison, Fluctuations in American
These requirements may include, in. particular cases, settlement Business, 1790-1860, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1935.
upon and improvement of the lands entered, or payment of stat- Data were derived from Hibbard, A History of the Public Land
utory fees or purchase money. A final certificate passes equitable Policies (1924), pp. 100, 103, 106, and from Annual Reports of the
title to the land to the applicant. With respect to certain State Commissioner of the General Land Office. The data differ from those
selections (see below), no final certificate is issued. Such selections presented by Hibbard (p. 106) for the years after 1850. Mter
are, therefore, not included in series F 12 (final entries). Patents 1850, Hibbard's data shift from calendar years to fiscal years
are instruments which pass legal title to the lands to the applicant. ending June 30.
Certifications are issued in lieu of patents in connection with certain
F 20-24. Area of lands granted by the United States to aid in
State selections.
the construction of railroads, wagon roads, canals, and river imThe data do not include the area of certain lands which have proYements, 1823-1871. SOURCE: Department of the Interior,
Annual Report of the Commissioner of the General Land Office, 1946,
been granted to the States to aid in the support of common schools.
Title to such lands usually passes to the States upon survey of the "Statistical Appendix," pp. 100-107, and Statement Showing Land
, lands by the Federal Government. Owing to legal complexities, Grants Made by Congress, 1915.
The data on land grants which were made to aid in the condetailed statistical records were not kept of these lands. The statistics herein published have been subjected to minor adjustments struction of canals, railroads, river improvements, and wagon
to improve comparability. They have not been checked, however, roads include only the area of lands for which title passed to the
for internal accuracy 0'" for strict comparability which would re- grantee States and corporations. The exact extent of practically all
114

PUBLIC LANDS OF THE UNITED STATES

Text: F 20-51

Changes in total farm land in the period of record in part represent increased agricultural activity and in part more complete
census enumeration and changes in census definition of land in
farms. Uses not reported by the Census Bureau and additions to
census data for the years following 1925 are based largely on agricultural statistics assembled by the Department of }~griculture.
Forest land inventories and grazing land studies during this period
are believed to have improved the reliability of the estimates of
these items for this period as contrasted with earlier years. Estimates for 1924 and prior census years for land not in farms are
based on more limited evidence, such as available charts, maps,
records, and reports on land areas and uses.
F 25-27. Total area, 1850-1945. SOURCE: See text for series F
25-36, above. Definitions: Total land area, as defined by the Census
for the 1940 remeasurement includes "dry land and land temporarily or partially covered by water, such as marshland, swamps
and river flood plains ... " (except tidal flats)" ... streams, sloughs,
estuaries,. and canals less than Va of a statute mile in width; and
lakes, reservoirs, and ponds having less than 40 acres of area."
Inland water areas, as defined by the Census for the 1940 remeasurement, includes the "permanent inland water surface, such
as lakes, reservoirs, and ponds having 40 acres or more of area;
streams, sloughs, estuaries, and canals Va of a statute mile or more
in width; deeply indented embayments and sounds and other
coastal water behind or sheltered by headlands or islands separated by less than 1 nautical mile of water; and islands having
less than 40 acres of area."
F 28-32. Farm land, 1850-1945. SOURCE: See text for series F
25-36, above. Definitions: Cropland includes cropland harvested,
crop failure, and cropland idle or fallow. Farm pasture includes
nonforested pasture and grazing land, whether plowable or not
plowable. Farm woodland as defined by the Census, includes grazed
or ungrazed "farm wood lots or timber tracts, natural or planted,
and cut-over land with young growth, which has or will have value
~s wood or timber. Chaparral and woody shrubs were to be omitted." Other land in farms includes farmsteads, roads, lanes, wasteland, etc.
F 33-36.. Nonfarm land, 1850-1945. SOURCE: See text for series
F 25-36, above. Definitions: Nonfarm grazing land includes nonfarm pasture and rangeland, arid woodland and other noncommercial forest land. Nonfarm forest land includes nonfarm timber
land capable of producing timber of commercial quantity and
quality. Other nonfarm land includes urban areas, highways and
roads, railroad rights-of-way, parks, game refuges, airports, and
other similar "service areas." Also included are lands having slight
use value, such as desert, rock, sand dunes, etc.
F 37-51. Public and private land ownership by major uses,
1920-1945. SOURC1!:S: Compiled by the Bureau of Agricultural
Economics from a number of Federal and State reports and records. Varying. degrees of reliability attach to these figures. The
figures used here are applicable for different dates, and all of them
have been assembled for some other purpose than that for which
they are used here. The areas of all unsurveyed lands are estimated,
and the areas of many based on surveys are subject to correction.
Some of the data are not complete and are used merely for comparison. Therefore, the figures given here, while the best now available, are not strictly accurate, often not complete, and are not
comparable among themselves. Nevertheless, they give some notion
of the major features of land use and control for the country as a
whole.
.
See text for series F 25-36 for definitions and for longer series
on total land area. Public land as used here is land owned or administered by Federal, State, county, municipal, or other governments for common or public purposes. Public land usually includes
Indian lands held in trust and administered for the benefit of
groups or tribes of the Indian people. Public land frequently is
used by private parties under a system of permits or leases. Sometimes the public land. where it is used by individual users, is in-

of these grants was, owing to their terms, indeterminate at the


time the granting acts were passed by the Congress. The procedures for the satisfaction of the grants generally required the
grantees to submit lists of lands, evidence of legal title to which
they requested on the basis of the provisions of the authorizing
legislation. This process of issuance of instruments of title has not
yet been fully completed by the Department of the Interior but
a relatively small area remains to be adjudicated.
For the series presented, the areas shown in the instruments of
title which were issued for each grant over the years were totaled
and shown as of the fiscal year in which the grant was originally
enacted even though in certain instances grants were revived at a
later date after the expiration of statutory time limits, while others
were enlarged by subsequent legislation. Because the tabulation is
based on instruments of title, the data do not reflect the area of
those portions of grants which could not be satisfied under the law
for various reasons or of those grants or portions of grants which
were forfeited.

Land Utilization: Series F 25-68


F 25--36. Land and water area, by type, 1850-1945. SOURCES:
Figures for total area and total farm land are based on figures in
square miles from the Bureau of the Census. For total figures
(gross, land, and water) in square miles, 1790-1945, see series B 2628. Data on utilization of farm land, 1850-1925, are mostly Bureau
of Agricultural Economics estimates based on the Census of Agriculture conducted by the Bureau of the Census. Those for 19301945 are from the Census of Agriculture. All data for total nonfarm land are from the Census Bureau. Figures for utilization of
nonfarm land are estimated by Bureau of Agricultural Economics
from records and reports of State and Federal agencies concerned
with management of public land, conservation of land, public
services, and assessment of land for taxation.
Collection of land utilization statistics began with the Census of
1850, when farm land was enumerated as "improved land" or
"unimproved land." In 1890 and in later census years these inquiries were expanded and revised. After the turn of the century
collection of various land utilization statistics was begun by
branches of the Department of Agriculture, while other contributions to the literature on this subject were made by numerous
agencies, State universities, and individuals.
Major emphasis has been upon the. collection of statistics concerning crops-acreage and kind. The C~nsus of Agriculture has
been the primary source of data concerning land in farms in census years. Statistics concerning land not in farms have been less
complete, with .the exception of forest land, and have included
studies of individual items by interested agencies, such as forest
land acreage by the Forest Service, public-domain lands by the
Department of the Interior, etc., and studies of local areas by
Federal, State, and private agencies and individuals. During the
1930's studies by the National Resources Planning Board and
assisting agencies contributed greatly to the available statistics on
total land utilization. Since 1920 the Bureau of Agricultural Economics has prepared periodic inventories of land use.
Data for 1940' and 1945 are the results of the remeasurement of
the United States made for the 1940 Decennial Census. The last
previous measurement was that for the Census of 1880. Differences are due primarily to the more accurate determination of the
outer limits of the United States, the improvement in mapping,
and omission of certain bodies of water included in the previous
measurements. See Areas of the United States, 1940, Sixteenth
Census of the United States, 1940, Department of Commerce,
Bureau of the Census, 1942, pp. 1-5. For a summary of the development of the science of measuring geographic area, giving particular emphasis to work done in the United States, see Proudfoot,
Malcolm J., Measurement of Geographic Area, U. S. Bureau of the
Census, Washington, D. C., 1946.

115

Text: F 37-108

LAND, FORESTRY, AND FISHERIES

eluded in reporting statistics on acreages in far:ms. More often, resting in other Federal agencies, such as the United States Forest
the public land is reported as not in farms, where it is used in Service and the Fish and Wildlife Service.
The agricultural land-utilization program was initiated in 1934
common by several persons. Private land is land held or owned by
private individuals, groups, and corporations, and is generally under the Land Policy Section of AAA and was continued under
the Resettlement Administration and the Farm Security Adminused for private purposes.
F 52-61. Drainage and irrigation, 1890-1940. SOURCES: Bureau istration. Acquisition, development, and management functions
of the Census, Drainage of Agricultural Lands, 1940, table 1, p. 1; provided for by Title III of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant
Irrigation of Agricultural Lands, 1940, tables 2 and 3, pp. 2-8; Cen- Act (Pub. No. 210, 75th Congress, 1st session, Ch. 517) were
sus of Agriculture, 1935 and 1940. Statistics relating to irrigation transferred to the Soil Conservation Service in 1938.
Acquisition of land totaled about 179,000 acres under the AAA;
were first collected by the Bureau of the Census in 16 Western
States in 1890 and published in a report, Agriculture by Irrigation about 872 million acres under the RA an.d FSA; and 23-1 million
in the Western Part of the United States. Information on irrigation acres more or less under the Soil Conservation Service-a total of
was obtained by the Census in 1900 for the same 16 States and was about llU million acres, of which more than 4 million acres have
included in the State reports of the Census of Agriculture. A been transferred to other Federal and State agencies for adminisspecial census of irrigation was taken in 1902 and the statistics tration. The lands transferred include: Forest lands transferred as
were published in Bulletin 16 of the Census Bureau in 1904. An additions to the national forests; wildlife refuges; State parks;
irrigation census was taken in the years of 1910, 1920, 1930, and military areas; and other public-use areas.
1940, and the data were published for each irrigation census asa
Forestry: Series F 69-154
separate report. The acreage of irrigated cropland harvested was
obtained in the Census of Agriculture in 1935 and published in
F 69-73. National forest areas and purchases, 1905-1945.
the agriculture reports for that year.
SOURCE: Department of Agriculture, Forest Service annual reports
The first drainage census in the United States was taken in on national forest areas and annual reports of the National Forest
1920, the second in 1930, and'the latest in 1940, together with the Reservation Commission. National forest areas include areas within
Census of Agriculture. The 1940 census of drainage covered 38 national forests and areas within purchase units, experimental
States, including all States where organized public drainage enter- forests, land utilization projects, and sman administrative sites
prises were major factors in drainage. Datawere .. collected on outside of- national forests. National forest purchases show the
areas of land and its use, the type of drainage, the total public acreage authorized for purchase by the United States for national
investment, and the character of enterprise. The date of each forest purposes. Gross area within established boundaries refers to
drainage census was January 1 of the census year. The data on the total acreage within the established boundaries of the national
condition and use of the land was for the year preceding the date forests and other units mentioned above. Part of gross area under
of the census.
Forest Service Administration refers to the part of the total area
Although both types of reclamation have been and are impor- within the national forest and other unit boundaries that is owned
tant, drainage development overshadows irrigation in acreage of by the United States or being acquired by it and actually under
land already converted to farming and in land that still may be the administration of the Forest Service; the difference between
developed. Drainage developments are concentrated mostly in the these data and the gross area data is the part in private, State, or
humid zones of the Eastern and Central States, whereas irrigation other' ownership.
developments are located predominantly in the arid and semiarid
F74'-87. National forest grazing, roads and trails, and visitors;
zones of the West. However, in irrigated areas,drainagealso must forest trees planted on farm lands, 1905-1945. SOURCE: Departbe provided to carry away any water not required by the crops.
ment of Agriculture, Forest Service records and annual reports,
The States included for seriesF 56'-59 are: Arizona, California, arid Agricultural Statistics.
Colorado, Idaho, Uontana, Nevada, New Mexico,Oregon, Utah,
F 88~102. National forest timber cut and receipts, 1905-1945.
Washington, Wyoming, Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, South SOURCE: Department of Agriculture, Forest Service records and
Dakota, Oklahoma, Texas; Arkansas, and Louisiana. For series annual reports, and Agricultural Statistics.
F 60-61, the States included are: Alabama, Florida, Georgia, MisF 10a-:.l08.Payments to States and Territories, and allotments
sissippi, South Carolina, Kentucky,Tennessee, North Carolina, to Forest Service, 1906-1945. SOURCE: Forest Service records and
Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Missouri, Min- annual reports. Payments to States and Territories are fromre.::.
nesota, Wisconsin,Maine,. New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachu- ceipts of the previous year. Allotments to Forest Service are for
setts, Connecticut, Rhode ~sland,New York, Pennsylvania, New expenditure in States and Territories for acquisition of land and
Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, and ,West Virginia.
for road and trail work, and are based on receipts from timber,
F 62-68. Agricultqral land utiliZation program, Soil Conser- grazing, and other uses.
The 25-percent fund (series F 104) refers to the appropriation of
vation Service and antecedent agencies, 1935-'-1945. SOURCES:
Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Statistics, 1939 to 1946, 25 percent of the net revenues during any fiscal year from each
and Report of the Chief of the Soil Conservation Service, 1943 to 1946. national forest to be paid at the end of such year to the State or
F 62. Total area managed, 1935-1945. SOURCE: See text for Territory in which the forest is situated, for the benefit of the
series F 62-68, above. Includes lands under the direct control of public schools and public roads of such county or counties. This
the Soil Conservation Service and that managed through local fund represents a pei'manent appropriation established by the Act
agencies, such as soil conservation districts, grazing districts, and of May 23, 1908.
The Arizona and New Mexico school fund (series F 105) refers to
grazing associations. Certain areas wherein Soil Conservation Service retains only custodial responsibility> for managements and the Act of June 20, 1910, which appropriates, out of any money
protection are not included but are reported separately. For the not otherwise appropriated, an amount equal to such proportion
years 1935-38, "total area managed" represents lands acquired of the gross proceeds (during each fiscal year) of all the national
forests within: the States of Arizona and New Mexico, as the area
less land transferred.
F 68. Areas transferred to State agencies with Soil Conservation of land granted. to the States for school purposes within these
Service maintaining custodial responsibility, 1935-1945. SOURCE: forest reserves bears to the total area of all national forests within
See text for series F 62-68, above. Includes lands transferred to the two respective States.
Allotments for roads and trails (series F 107) are based on the Act
State agencies by agreement whereby the United States retains
title to the land and the SCS acts as custodian. Other areas have of March 4, 1913, which appropriates 10 percent of all moneys
been transferred to State agencies with custodial responsibility received from the national forests during each fiscal year for the
116

l.i'ORESTRY

'fext: F 103-177

FISHERIES CATCH (F 160-192)


construction and maintenance of roads and .trails within the national forests in the States from ~hich such proceeds are derived.
F 160-165. Catch. United States and Atlantic coast, .I804-1945.
Allotments for the acquisition of lands (serii:)s F 108) refer to special SOURCE: Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service.
acts applicable to national forests in Utah, Nevada, and,California.
F 160. Haddock catch, 1880-1945. SOURCE: Department of InSuch allotments are for the acquistion of land to facilitate the terior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Data are partly estimated. Hadcontrol of soil erosion and flood damage originating within the dock is the mainstay of the United States otter trawl fishery and
exterior boundaries of those forests, in accordance with the pro- is the most valuable of all the North Atlantic coast fisheries. The
visions of the special acts authorizing annual appropriations of haddock of the Northwest Atlantic make up a complex of popuforest receipts for such purposes.
lations of whkh at least three main groups are recognized, inhabF 109-111. Lumber production, decennially 1799-1899, annually iting, respectively, the New England Banks, the Nova Scotian
1904-1945. SOURCE: For 1799-1928, see Reynolds, R. V., and A. Banks, and the Newfoundland Banks.
H. Pierson, Lumber Production, 1869-1934; for 1929-1945, data
F 161. Shad catch, 1892-1944. SOURCE: Department of Interior,
are from Department of Agriculture, Forest Service records. Pri- Fish and Wildlife Service. Data were obtained by actual canvass
mary sources of data for 1869-1899, 1909, 1919, 1942-1945 are for most of the years shown. The other years were obtained by
Bureau of Census reports of Biennial Census of Manufactures interpolation. The shad catch ranks thirtieth among the fisheries
and annual reports on forest products; for other years, Forest of the United States (see Fishery Resources of the United States,
Service estimates based on reported production.
cited above for seriesF 155-219). The shad is a native species of
F 112-122. Stumpage, log, and lumber prices, 1900-1945. the Atlantic Coast, and was once among the most abundant fish
SOURCE: Department of Agriculture, Forest Service; Stumpage along the Pacific Coast, having been brought there from the
Prices of Privately Owned Timber in the United States, Technical Atlantic.
F 162. Menhaden received, 1873-1898, 1912, 1921-1945.
Bulletin No. 626; also Bureau of the Census records; for 19281943, see Forest Service, Stumpage and Log Prices, annual bulletins. SOURCE: Data for 1873-1898 arefrom Aquatic Products in Art.<;
F 123-131. Wood products treated with preservatives, 1909- and Industries by Charles H. Stevenson, Report of the Commis1945. SOURCE: Department of Agriculture,Forest Service~ in co- sioner of Fisheries, 1902; for 1912, 1921-1945 from Fish and Wildoperation with the American Wood-Preservers' Association, annual life Service reports. The menhaden is used almost exclusively in
report, Quantity of Wood Treated and Preservatives Used in the the manufacture of meal and oil, onlysmall quantities are canned.
The menhaden fishery started in New England, but is now centered
United States.
in the Middle Atlantic States.
F 132-136. Consumption and production of pulpwood, wood
Menhaden are usually sold by number rather than by weight.
pulp, paper and paperboard, 1898'-1945. SOURCE: Compiled by the The number of fish is obtained by measurement. The fish are
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, from Bureau of the measured in a "quarter box,'~each segment of which holds a volCensus reports of Biennial Census of Manufactures and annual ume of 22,000 cubic inches which constitutes an arbitrary measure
reports; Forest Service Bulletins of the War Production Board; U.
of 1,000 fish. This is' based on one standard menhaden occupying
S. Pulp Producers Association, Wood Pulp Statistics, July 1946; a volume of 22 cubic inches. The actual number of fish required
American Paper and Pulp Association, The Statistics of Paper, per unit of measure of course shows considerable variation. The
March 1947.
weight of 22,000 cubic inches of menhaden is about 666 pounds.
F 137'-142. Gum and wood naval stores production, 1898--'1945. The number of fish shown can be converted to pounds by multiSOURCE: For 1898-1932, see Gamble's International Naval Stores plying by 0.67.
Year Book, 1932-33 and 1939-1940; for 1932-1945, see same, and
F 163. Whales killed, 1909-1945. SOURCE: Department of InDepartment of Agriculture, Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial terior, Fish and Wildlife Service.
Chemistry, Annual Reports.
F 164. Atlantic Coast mackerel catch, 1804-1944. SOURCE: De-:.
F 143-150. Number of forest fires and area burned over, 1906- partment of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Data are partly
1945. SOURCE: Department of Agriculture, Forest Service rec- estimated. Atlantic Coast mackerel spawn from Cape Hatteras to
ords. Data for current years will be found in annual report, Forest the southern part of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, the principal spawnFire Statistics.
ing areas being located between Chesapeake Bay and Cape Cod
F 151-154. Expenditures for forest fire control on State and Bay.
F 165. Atlantic Coast, cod catch, 1880-1944. SOURCE: Departprivate lands, 1912-1945. SOURCE: Department of Agriculture,
ment of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Data are partlyestiFor.est Service records.
mated. The cod resource is perhaps the largest of the North Ameri":
can Banks and yields a billion pounds of fish a year to fishermen
Fisheries: Series F 155-219
of the United States, Canada, and Newfoundland. The heaviest
F 155-219. General note. These series were obtained from the concentrations of cod on the New England Coast are found on
Departmf\nt of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. The sta- eastern Georges Bank, in the same localities as haddock, but sometistics are published in greater detail in publications of the Fish what earlier in the season. The biggest part of the United States
and Wildlife Service and its predecessor agency, the Bureau of catch of cod is taken with otter trawls; the balance with lines, sink
Fisheries, which include data on the volume of the catch of indi- gill nets, floating traps, and pound nets.
F 166-172. Catch, New England States, 1887-1945. SOURCE:
vidual species of fish and shellfish and their value, employment
in the fisheries, quantity of gear operated, the number of fishing Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. The North
and transporting craft employed in the capture and transporting Atlantic region equivalent to the New England States is characof fishery products, employment in wholesale and manufacturing terized by a wide continental shelf, which in some places extends
establishments, and volume and value of the production of manu- out from the coast for hundreds of miles. Large areas of the shelf
factured fishery products. See also Fishery Resources of the United rii3e to form submerged plateaus, called banks, on which lives a
States, Senate Document No. 51, 79th Congress, 1st Session, 1945. vast population of bottom-living fishes. Most important among
them are the haddock, rosefish, cod, flounders, and pollock.
FISHERIES YIELD AND DISPOSITION (F 155-159)
F 173-177. Catch, Middle Atlantic and Chesapeake Bay States,
F 155-159. Yield and disposition of catch, United States and 1880-1945. SOURQE: Department of the Interior, Fish and WildAlaska, 1929-1945. SOURCE: Department of Interior, Fish and life Service. The Middle Atlantic States and Chesapeake Bay
States are the most important producing centers for oysters, blue
Wildlife Service. These data are partly estimated.

117

Text: F 173-219

LAND, FORESTRY, AND FISHERIES

LANDINGS (F 193=198)
crabs, menhaden and shad, alewives, and striped bass. Large
quantities of flounders, butterfish, croaker, scup, "sea trout,"
F 193-198. Landings at certain New England ports, 1893-1944.
and whiting are taken close inshore in summer with pound nets, SOURCE: United States Department of the Interior, Fish and
offshore in winter with trawls. The most important shore fishery Wildlife Service.
industries in this area are the packing of shucked oysters and freshFISHERY PRODUCTS (F 199-215)
cooked crab meat and the manufacture of fish meal and oil.
F 178-179. 'Catch, South Atlantic and Gulf States, 1880-1945.
F 199. Production of frozen fish, United States, 1920-1945,
SOURCE: Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. SOURCE: Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service.
The South Atlantic and Gulf States are the seat of the largest
F 200-211. Production of canned fishery products, 1921-1945.
shrimp fishery in the world. This crustacean lives on the floor of SOURCE: Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service.
the continental shelf, is taken almost entirely with otter trawls According to Fishery Resources of the United States, cited above
operated from motored craft. Other important fishes are mullet (see text for series F 155-219), "in 1941, 400 canneries produced
taken largely on the west coast of Florida; menhaden, used in over 900 million pounds of canned fish and shellfish. The Pacific
manufacture of meal and oil; alewives, sea trout, red snapper, Coast States and Alaska produced 82 percent of the pack, the.
and Spanish mackerel.
Atlantic Coast and Lake States 16 percent, and the Gulf States
F 180-185. Catch, Pacific Coast States, 1888-1945. SOURCE: De- 2 percent." The standard case, used here as the unit of measure,
partment of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. The North varies in weight according to type of fi!'!h, as follows: Salmon, 45
Pacific States' most important fisheries are for salmon, halibut, pounds; sardines, 20.3 pounds; solid pack tuna, 21 pounds; and
sharks, albacore, crabs, and oysters. In recent years an otter trawl grated tuna, 18 pounds. Standard cases of shellfish generally confishery for flounders, rockfishes, and lingcod has been developing sist of 48 10-ounce cans of varying net Weights depending on the
rapidly. Shore industries are based on canning, curing, packaging contents.
of fresh and frozen fish and shellfish, and the manufacture of fishF 212-215. Production of fish scrap and meal, and fish and marliver vitamin oils.
ine oils, 1921-1945. SOURCE: Department of the Interior, Fish
The South Pacific Coast receives the greatest volume of fish and Wildlife Service. Fish scrap and meal are used as constituents
landed anywhere in America. Foremost fishery is for the sardine, of animal feeds. Fish and fish liver oils are the most valuable of
the largest fishery resource in the Western hemisphere, which fishery by-products and are used for medicinal purposes, for fortisupplies raw material for cheap canned foods, fish meal, and oil. fying animal feeds, and in a variety of industrial processes.
F 186. Catch, Great Lakes and the international lakes of northern Minnesota, 1885-1945. SOURCE: Department of the Interior,
SPONGES AND SEALS (F 216-219)
Fish and Wildlife Service. The Great Lakes and their connecting
F
216-217.
Sales
of sponges at the Tarpon Springs Sponge Exwaters form the largest single fresh-water area in the world. They
change,
1913-1945.
SOURCE: Department of the Interior, Fish
have a surface area of about 60.9 million acres.
The Great Lakes provide a great diversity. of habitat and dif- and Wildlife Service, Sp. 1556-B. B. Sponge Transactions at
Tarpon Springs. The sponge fishery of the United States is carried
ferent areas vary widely as to kinds and abundance of their fish
populations. In general, the shallower waters contain the largest 011 only in a limited area in Florida.
F 218-219. Pribilof Islands seal herd, 1910-1945. SOURCE:
variety of species and yield the largest catches. Thus Lake Erie,
Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. The main
the shallowest of the lakes, is the most productive.
The lake trout is the most valuable Great Lakes fishery resource breeding colonies of fur seals are on St .. Paul and St. George Isyielding around 10 million pounds annually. Other important lands, the largest of the Pribilof group which lie off the coast of
types of fish are the pikeperches, lake herring, chubs, and yellow Alaska. The fur seal herd which comprises 80 percent of all the
fur seals in the world is national property, exploited under the
perch.
'
F 187-188. Catch, Mississippi River and tributaries, 1894-1931. direction of and for the profit of the Federal Government. For early
figures on the Pribilof Islands seal herd, see U. S. Bureau of the
SOURCE: Department of Commerce, Bureau of Fisheries.
F 189-192. Cateh, Alaska, 1927-1945. SOURCE: Department of Census, "Report on the Population, Industries, and Resources of
the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Alaska is the chief produc- Alaska," pp. 61-67, and "Report on the Seal Islands of Alaska,"
tion center of salmon, most valuable fishery resource of the United in vol. VIII, Tenth Census Reports (1880); and Eleventh Census
States. It is also an important source of herring, halibut, sablefish Reports (1890), Report on Population and Resources of Alaska, pp.
215-216.
and clams.

118

Data: F 1-18

PUBLIC LANDS OF THE UNITED STATES

Series F 1-7.-LAND-ACQUISITION AND EXTENT OF TERRITORY AND PUBLIC DOMAIN,


CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES: 1781 TO 1945
[Areas are as computed in 1912, hence do not agree with total figures (in square miles) shown in series B 25, or with figures (in acres) shown for 1940 and 1945 in
series F 25-27 and F 37]

ACQUIsnION OF THE TERRITORY OF THE


ACQUISITION OF THE ORIGINAL
Estimated area
UNITED STATES
PlJBLIC DOMAIN
of the
I--T-o-t-a-l-a-re-a--:--L-a-n-d-a-re-a---:--W-at-e-r-a-r-ea--I --T-o-ta-I-a-r-ea---:-----"--'-L-a:..:n-'-d-a-r-ea---:---W-a-t-er-ar-e-a-I f:e~~cCt~~~~)l

YEAR AND HOW ACQUIRED

Acres
Acres
Acres
Acres
Acres
Acres
Acres
Aggregate,1945 ____________________ 1,937,144,960 1,903,289,600
33,855,360 1,462,466,560 1,442,200,320
20,266,240
2413,000,000
1912, estimate of public domain __________________________ .:. ________ ________________________________ ,__________________ - __ -_____ ___ __ _
600 ,000 ,070
1880, estimate of public domain ______________________________________________________________________________________ -____ ____ ___ __ _
900 ,000 ,000
1853, Gadsden 'Purchase_________________
18,988,800
18,961,920
26,880
18,988,800
18,961,920
26,880 ______________ _
1850, estimate of public domain ___________ ____________________________________________________________ .: _____________________________ 1,200,000,000
~

1850, Purchase from Texas _____________________ ~________ _______________ _______________


78,926,720
78,842,880
83,840 ______________ _
1848, Mexican Cession 3 _ _ __ _ _ ____ ___ _ _ __
338,680,960
334,479,360
4,201,600
338,680,960
334,479,360
4,201,600 ______________ _
1846, Oregon Compromise_______________
183,386,240
180,644,480
2,741,760
183,386,240
180,644,480
2,741,760 ______________ _
1845, Annexation of Texas 3______________
249,066,240
246,777,600
2,288,640 ______________________________________________ _
1819, Cession from Spain________________
46,144,640
43,342,720
2,801,920
46,144,640
43,342,720
42,801,920 _=_=========:==
Red River Basin 5_________________
29,601,920
29,066,880
535,040
29,601,920
29,066,880
535,040 ______________ _
529,911,680
523,446,400
6,465,280
529,911,680
523,446,400
6,465,280 ______________ _
1803, Louisiana Purchase 3__ ___ _____ __ ___
1802, estimate of public domain ______________________________________________________________________________________ -______________
200,000,000
1783, Treaty with Great Britain_ ____ __ __ _
541,364,480
526,570,240
14,794,240 ______________________________________________________ ____ _
1781-1802 (State Cessions) ______________ _______________ _______________ _______________
236,825,600
233,415,680
3,409,920 ______________ _
Estimated ftom imperfect data available for indicated years.
Estimated area of public domain in 1946.
3 Data for Louisiana Purchase exclude areas eliminated by the Treaty ,of 1819
with Spain. Such areas are included in figures for annexation of Texas and the
Mexican Cession.
1

4 Includes 33,920 acres subsequently recognized as part of the State of Texas


which is not a public domain State.
S Represents drainage basin of the ,Red River of the North, south of the 49th
parallel. Authorities differ as to the method and exact date of its acquisition.
Some hold it as a part of the Louisiana Purchase, others maintain it was acquired
from Great Britain.

Series F 8-18.-PUBLIC LANDS-VACANT LANDS, DISPOSAL OF PUBLIC LANDS, AND


NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM: 1802 TO 1945
[For Treasury receipts from sale of public land, see series P 94]
ALL ENTRIES, SELECTIONS, PATENTS,
ETC. 3

Vacant
public
Jands,
June 30

YEAR

Cash
Land
receipts of granted to
All
Gen'l Land States, as of original
Office 1
June 30. entries and
1946 2
selections 4
9

10

11

All final
entries
12

Patents
and certifications
13

HOMESTEAD ENTRIES, EXCEPT


ON CEDED INDIAN LANDS

NATIONAL PARK
SYSTEM

Original entries
Number
.. 14

Acreage
15

Final
entrIes

16

Area administered V' "t


by Nat'l
lSI ors per
Park
travel year 7
Service 5
17

18

--------~---------------I--------I--------I"--------I--------I--------I--------I---------1--------1--------1-----------------

1945 _________________________ _
1944 ________'_________________ _
1943 _______ ________________ _
1942 _________________________ _
194L ______
~1..

j,,, ________________ _
'i.,'

1940 _________ '________________ _


1939 _________________________ _
1938 _________________________ _
1937 _________________________ _
1936 _________________________ _
1935 _________________________ _
1934 _________________________ _
1933 _________________________ _
1932 _________________________ _
1931 ______________________ .; __ _
1930 _________________________ _
1929 _________________________ _
1928 _________________________ _
1927 _________________________ _
1926 ________'_______________ ,__ _

Million
acres
170
168
169
174
172

acres
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________

1,000
acres
40
91
63
135
76

1,000
acres
61
85
168
252
491

1,000
acres
217
402
637
1,055
1,039

(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)

7,058 __________
7,756 __________
8,447
2
7,400
1
5,194
200

54
302
131
125
426

756
1,198
1,478
2,026
1,938

(8)

4,800
4,035
3,859
4,129
4,836

1,759
3,585
3,118
4,552
5,219

166
172
173
177

1,000
dollars
13,382
14,355
9,758
9,014
7,732

1 ;000

(9)

3
193
77
2

Number
182
157
211
283
400

1,000
acres
22
20
29
37
51

1,000
acres
35
51
102
188
390

1,000
acres
15,094
15,032
15,029
14,578
14,502

1,000
visitors
10,137
7,740
6,491
10,447
20,715

1,904
1,982
1,944
2,184
1,359

349
378
447
561
1,209

46
66
78
111
357

652
1,089
1,362
1,915
1,765

14,443
13,706
13,210
11,091
9,538

16,461
15,257
16,129
14,924
11,796

1,772
1,225
980
1,333
1,537

1,610
1,362
1,866
2,013
2,126

3,297
7,507
7,527
10,639
12,640

1,166
2,787
2,642
3,914
4,757

1,640
1,124
907
1,210
1,353

9,291
6,747
6,642
6,634
6,407

7,461
6,091
3,242
3,608
3,411

179
190
194
194
196

6,801
1
6,194
100
6,710
252
9,202
55
11,414 __________

5,435
4,613
3,726
3,595
3,243

1,577
2,030
2,168
3,011
3,962

2,253
2,648
2,519
4,586
4,600

12,708
11,"598
10,429
10,500
10,354

4,723
4,178
3,367
3,237
2,875

1,371
1,701
1,816
2,584
3,451

6,237
6,038
5,862
5,814
5,785

3,153
3,134
2,942
2,757
2,277

1925 _________________________ _
1924 _________________________ _
1923 _________________________ _
1922 _________________________ _
1921 _________________________ _

185
187
186
183
190

10,766
16,373
(9)
10,700 __________
11,785 __________
14,508
(9)

.3,641
4,564
6,415
10,367
15,632

4,489
5,229
6,201
8,074
8,772

5,627
9,082
10,352
13,761
10,930

11,010
13,886
18,942
29,263
43,813

3,041
3,873
5,524
8,980
13,662

4,049
4,791
5,594
7,307
7,727

5,569
5,567
5,541
5,540
5,540

1,991
1,619
1,453
1,189
1,156

1920 _____________ ___________ _


1919 _________________________ _
1918 _______'__________________ _
1917 _________________________ _
1916 _________________________ _

200
213
222
231
255

6,132 __________
4,304 __________
5,432 __________
6,150
(9)
5,445
4

16,437
11,871
10,147
16,202
18,708

9,778
__________
__________
__________
__________

13,327
__________
__________
__________
__________

48,532
39,341
35,875
58,896
65,282

13,511
10,204
7,420
12,021
13,628

8,373
6,525
8,236
8,497
7,278

5,540
5,537
4,924
4,863
4,746

1,058
812
452
491
358

1915 _________________________ _
1914 _________________________ _
1913 ___ __ __________________ _
1912 _________________________ _
1911 ________________________

280
291
298
315
327

5,395
2
6,148 __________
6,956 __________
9,973
(11)
11 ,090 __________

16,861
16,523
15,867
14,575
19,211

__________
__________
__________
__________
__________

__________
__________
__________
__________
__________

62,360
62,229
57,800
52,991
70,720

12,440
12,117
11 ,222
13,624
17,639

7,181
9,291
10,009
4,306
4,620

1910 ___ .. _____________________ _


1909 _________________________ _
1908 _________________________ _
L907 _________________________ _
L906 _________________________ _

344
363
387
406
424

11,464
12,216
12.,716
11,553
7,586

26,391 __________ __________


19,893 __________ __________
19,090 __________ __________
20,998 __________ __________
19,431 __________ __________

98,598
75,445
87,057
93,957
89,600

18,329
12,302
13,586
14,755
13,975

3,796
3,699
4,243
3,741
3,527

17,057
16,332
22,824
19,372
15,453

70,344
69,175
80,188
98,829
68,648

12,896
10,171
11,193
14,033
9,497

3,419
3,233
3,577
4,343
5,241

~_

10

1905__________________________
449
1904____ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ ___ _ _ ____ _ _
474
1903 ___________________________________ _
1902 __ ______ __ _ _ ___ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ _______ _
1901 __________________________ _

17,150
(9)

16
(9)

3,114

7,018
(9)
9,283
20
11,025 __________
6,262
(9)
4,972 __________

__________
__________
__________
__________
__________

__________
__________
__________
__________
__________

See footnotes on next page.

119

LAND, FORESTRY, AND FISHERIES

Data:F g...,19

Series F 8-18.-PUBLIC LANDS-VACAr~T LANDS, DISPOSAL OF PUBLIC LANDS, AND


NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM: 1802 TO 194~Con.
[For Treasury receipts from sale of public lands, see series P 94)
Cash
receipts of
Gen'J Land
Office 1

YEAR

Land
granted
to States, as
of June 30,
1946 2

All original
entries and
selections 4

10

11

HOMESTEAD ENTRIES, EXCEPT ON CEDED


INDIAN LANDS

Original entries
Number

Acreage

Final
entries

14

15

16

Land granted Homesteads,


to States, as
original
of June 30,
entries 12
1946 2

YEAR

10

14

Number
61,270
45,776
44,980
33,250
36,548

1,000
acres
8,478
6,178
6,207
4,452
4,831

1,000
acres
3,478
3,134
3,095
2,778
2,790

8,364
10,377
11,802
13,567
10,357

37,336
56,632
48,436
55,113
37,602

5,009
8,047
6,809
7,716
5,040

2,981
2,930
3,477
3,260
3,955

1859 __________________
1857 __________________

12,666
17,026
24;161
25,111
20,992

40,244
42,183
46,236
52,028
61,638

5,532
6,029
6,677
7,594
9,145

4,061
3,682
3,175
2,749
2,664

1855 __________________
1853 _______ .__________
1850 ______ -c ___________
1849 __________________
1846__________________

46 -----------5,587 -- --- ---.---55,399 -- .. ---.---9,491 -----------1,081 ------------

.. _----------

20,114
26,834
19,031
13,999
10,763

60,877
54,982
56,565
45,331
36,999

7,416
7,832
8,172
6,348
5,028

3,033
2,946
2,504
2,219
1,928

1845 __________________
1841 __________________
1836 __________________
1832 _____
__________
1831 __________________

2,076 -- --_._-- ---9,500 ------- .. ---2,146 _.. _--------24 ------- .. ---6 ------------

1880 __________________
(9)
1879 __________________ -----------1878 __ _______________ ------------ ---------------------------------1877 __________________
1876 __________________ ------------ ------------

6,046
47,293
41,005 -----------35,630 -----------18,675 -----------25,104 ------------

1,938
2,071
2,663
2,408
2,591

1827 __________________
1826 __________________
1823 __________________
1820 __ _______________

46 -----_ ...... _--25 -----------92 -----------1,317 --------- ..

------------ ------------

9,152
8;724
7,210
3,495
4,292

1875 __________________
3,842
1874 __________________ -----------1873 ________ .__________ ------------ ---------------------------------1872 __________________
1871 __________________ ------------ ------------

3,792
4,784
6,386
7,248
7,119

20,668
29,126
31,501
38,742
39,768

---------------------------------------------

------------

2,069
1,586
1,225
707
629

1870 __________________
1869 __________________ ------------ -----------1868 __________________ ------------ ------------

6,663
6.678

33,972 -----------25,628 -----------23,746 ------------

520
504
355

1,000
dollars
4,380
3,070
2,278
2,088
2,106

1900 __________________
1899 __________________
1898 __________________
1897 __________________
1896 __________________
1895 __________________
1894 __________________
1893 ___________ ______
1892 __________________
1S91 __________________

2,033
2,768
4,480
4,860
5,429

189o __________________
1889 __________________
1888 __________________
1887 ______________ ___
1886 __________________

7,781
9,686
13,547
12,289
9,031

1885 __________________
1884 __________________
1883 __________________
1882 __________________
1881 __________________

8,628
12,789
11,714
8,395
5,409

1,000
acres
8
50
5,700
(0)

-----------69
8,477

-----------8

(9)

7,678
15,367
(9)

----_ ... _-----------------~--

-- --46-

--------276-

------------ ------------

------------

------------

1,000
acres
13,391
9,091
8,422
7,754
13,174

~
------------

1 Includes receipts from such sources as the following: Sales of public and ceded
Indian lands; fees and commissions: mineral rentals, royalties, and bonuses; sales
of timber; grazing fees and rentals; and land rentals.
2 Includes grants for such public purposes as the icl,lowing: Educational, penal, and
other public institutions and buildings; bridges, reservoirs, and other internal improvements; reclamation of swamp and arid lands: experiment stations; recreational areas; wildlife and forestry areas; militaryclJ.mps; and payment of bonds
issued by local governments. Does not include grants tabulated in series F 20-24.
Does not include acreage of swamplands lost to the States, for which the States
received indemnity in cash.

3 Includes homesteads.
4 Previous to 1911 the data included, in addition to original entries and selections,
some classes of final entries and patents.

1867 __________________
1866 __________________
1865 __________________
1864 __________________
1863 __________________
1862 __________________
1861 __________________

._~~

1819 __________________
1818 __________________
1817 __________________
1816 __________________
1812 ________ _________
1803 __ ; _______________
1802 __________________
~

1,000
acres

Number
16,957
15,355

41

226
------4~955------9~420-

3,052

8,924
9,405
8,223
----- ----- .....

------------

3,498
2,974

---------- .. -

------------

-_

_-

986 - .. _--------1,186 - ... ---------824 -----------740 ------------

807 -----------793
24

------------------------

Exclusive of commuted homesteads.


Does not include recreational demonstration areas.
7 The travel year is October I-September 30. Data are estimated in part.
s Not reported.
9 Less than 1,000 acres.
.
10 The increase in area over 1925 was reported as the result of a "special check"
of field office records which was "used as a basis for. a complete revision of the
vacant land statistics."
11 Grants of unsurveyed lands to Wisconsin for forestry purposes: area not determined.,
.
n Except on ceded Indian lands.
5
6

Series F 19.-PUBLIC LAND SALES: 1800 TO 1860


[ In thousands of acres)
CALENDAR YEAR

Acres

CALENDAR YEAR

Acres

CALENDAR YEAR

Acres

CALENDAR YElAR

1860 ______________
1859 ______________
1858 ______________
______________
1856 ______________

2,543.4
4,011.7
3,663.6
4,220.1
5,247.0

1847 ______________
1846 ______________

2,521.3
2,263.7

1835 ______________
1834 ______________
1833 ______________
1832 ______________
1831. _____________

12,564.5
4,658.2
3,856.2
2,462.3
2,777.9

1822 ______________
1821. _____________

710.0
782.5

1830 ______________
1829 ______________
1828 ______________
1827 ______________
1826 ______________

1,929.7
1,244.9
965.6
926.7
848.1

1820 ______________
1819 ______________
1818 ______________
1817 ______________
1816 ______________

814.0
2,968.4
3,491.0
1,886.2
1,742.5

1825 ______________
1824 ______________
1823 ______________

999.0
737.0
652.1

1815 ______________
1814 ______________
1813 ______________
1812 ______________
1811 ______________

1,306.4
1,176.1
505.6
386.1
575.1

1.~57

1855 ______________ 11,959.8


1854 ______________ 12,823.0
1853 ______________ 3,787.1
1852 ______________
894.8
1851 ______________ 2,055.9
1850 ______________
1849 ______________ 1,405.8
1848 ______________ 1,329.9
1,887.6

120

1845 ______________
1844 ______________
1843 ______________
1842 ______________
1841. _____________

1,843.5
1,754.8
1,605.3
1,129.2
1,164.8

1840 ______________ 2,236.9


1839 ______________ 4,976.4
1838 ______________ 3,414.9
1837 ______________
5,601.1
1836 ______________ 20,074.9

Acres

CALENDAR YEaR

Acres

1810 ______________
1809 ______________
1808 ______________
1807 ______________
1806 ______________

285.8
275.0
209.2
320.9
506.0

1805 ______________
1804. _____________
1803 ______________
1802 ______________
1801 ______________

582.0
398.2
174.2
271.1
497.9

1800 ______________

67.8

PUBLIC LANDS OF THE UNITED STATES

Data: F 20-51

Series F 20-24.-PUBLIC LANDS-GRANTS BY UNITED STATES TO AID IN CONSTRUCTION


OF RAILROADS, WAGON ROADS, CANALS, ETC.: 1823 TO 1871
[ In thousands of acres J

PURPOSE

Total
grants
Railroads

Canals

River
improvements

20

21

22

23

24

3,253

3,253 __________ __________ __________

YEAR

1871 _______________ _
1870 _______________ _
1869 _______________ _

PURPOSE

Wagon
roads

Totai
grants
Railroads

Wagon
roads

Canals

River
improvements

20

21

22

23

24

3,379
1,773
3,752

2,629
1,773
3,752

1847 _______________ _

1,845

840

1838 _______________ _

139

YEAR

1853 _______________ _

i~~ ______ :::_ ------i05- ========== ========== i~~i:==========:::=:

1867 _______________ _
1866 ________________ _
1865 _______________ _
1864 _______________ _
1863 _______________ _

25,173
200
42,794
2,349
31,401

1857 _______________ _
1R56 _______________ _

6,689
14,085

23,535

100 __________
200 _________ _
401 __________

1,538

---4i~452-

------94i-

2,349
30,877 ------5246,689 _____________________________ _
14,085 __________ __________ __________

========== ==========

1828 _______________ _
1827 _______________ _

750

1,005
-~

1,338
2,273
49 _________ _

1823 _______________ _

139

400
938
202
2,0.71
49 __________ 1_________ _

Series F 25-36.-LAND UTILIZATION-LAND AND WATER AREA, BY TYPE: 1850 TO 1945


[ In milllens ot acres. Total farm land and total nonfarm land acreages are for the calendar year indicated; cropland and pasture land
acreages usually relate to the preceding year]

TOTAL AREAl
YEAR

Grand
total
25

Land

Total

26

27

28

NONFARM LAND

Cropland

Farm
pasture

Farming
woodland

Other land
in farms

29

30

31

32

Total

Grazingland 2

Forest
land 2

Other nonfarm land

33

34

35

36

1945 _________________
1940 _________________
1935 _________________

1,934
1,934
1,937

1,905
1,905
1,903

29
29
34

1930 _________________
1925 _________________
1920 _________________

1,937
1,937
1,937

1,903
1,903
1,903

1910 _________________
1900 _________-________

1,937
1,937

1890_" _______________
1880.: ________________
1870 _________________
1860 .. ________________
______________

i1,937
;~.:~

1850~

FARMLAND

Inland
water

1,937
1,918

~_

1,142
1,061
1,055

403
399
416

529
461
410

166
157
185

44
44
44

763
844
848

292
382
411

322
325
306

149
137
131

34
34
34

987
924
956

413
391
402

379
331
328

150
144
168

45
58
58

916
979
947

437
495
502

349
354
319

130
130
126

1,903
1,903

34
34

879
839

347
319

284
276

191
191

57
53

1,064
1,064

600
625

301
318

123
121

1,903
1,903
1,903
1,903
1,884

34
34
34
34
34

623
536
408
407
294

248
188
3189
SI63
3113

144
122

190
190
4219
4244
q81

41
36

1,280
1,367
1,495
1,496
1,590

1 1920 data used also for 1925; 1930 data for 1935; a~d 1940 data for 1945. Land
and water areas were completely-remeasured in 1940. The difference between the
new measurements and those reported in earlier years is due primarily to the
redetermination of the outer limits of the United States, the improvement in
mapping, and the fact that certain bodies of water included in previous measurements were omitted under the definitions adopted in 1940.

------------------_ _ _ _ w. _ _ _ _ _

-------------------

----------

(.)

818
883

(5)
(5)

(5)
(5)
(5)

344
368

(5)
(5)
(5)

118
l16

2 More than half of the forest and woodland in the United States is grazed by
livestock. Nonfarm grazing land includes arid woodland and other noncommerciaforest land.
a Improved farm land.
4 Unimproved farm land.
5 Not available.

Series F 37-51.-LAND UTILIZATION-LAND OWNERSHIP, PUBLIC AND PRIVATE: 1920 TO 1945


[ In millions of acres. Data represent approximations only, rather than the results of a detailed enumeration]

TOTAL LAND AREA

All
land

YEAR

Cropland

--31
1945 ______
1940 _____
1930 ______
1920 ______
~

1,905
1,905
1,903
1,903

38

403
399
413
402

PUBLIC LAND

Pasture and Forest


and
grazing
woodland
land'
39

40

821
843
816
830

488
482
499
487

Other
land S

Total

-----41

193
181
175
184

42

560
6552
546
566

Cropland 4

44

43

5
3
4

1 The land area was remeasured in 1940 and revised from 1,908 to 1,905 million
aeres, see series F 25-36.
, Excludes considerable acreages of arid woodland, other woodland in pasture
and grazing, and several million acrp.s of valuable forests in parks, wildlife refuges,
and military areas included in other lands. In 1945, thp.se additional areas totalled
136 million acres.

748706-49-9

PRIVATE lAND

Pasture and Forest


and
grazing
woodland
land
45

273
282
287
325

179
174
163
145

Other
land

Total

Cropland

--46
---

41

48

103
93
92
92

1,345
1,353
1,357
1,337

398
396
409
398

Pasture and Forest


and
grazing
w"oodland
land
49

50

548
561
529
505

Other
land
51

---

309
308

336
342

90
8.8
83
92

I Includes urban areas, farmsteads, parks, railroads, roads, military lands, and
nonagricultural lands such as sand dunes, open swamp, rock, and desert land.
4 Comprised largely of Indian land and State school and other land leased out
to farmers for farming purposes.
5 Preliminary.

121

Data: F 52-68

Series F

LAND, FORESTRY, AND FISHERIES


52-61.:--LA}~D

UTILIZATION-DRAINAGE AND IRRIGATION: 1890 TO 1940

[In thousands of acres, except number of farms. See text for list of States allocated to groups described here

IRRIGATION, 17 WESTERN STATES AND ARKANSAS


AND LOUISIANA

DRAINAGE, UNITED STATES

Acreage in drainage enterprises


Total

Improved
land

Unimproved
land

Cropland
planted
(acreage)

Acreage
irrigated 1

Acreage in
irrigation
enterprises 2

52

53

54

55

56

57

YEAR

i~:~================== _____ ~~~:~~ ______ ~~~~~: ______ ::~~~~ ______ =:~~:=

IRRIGATION, 29
HUMID STATES 4

Farms with irrigated land


Number of
farms 8

Acreage

58

59

Acreage
irrigated

Number of
farms with
irrigated
land

60

61

______ ::~~~= ______ ~:~~~~ _____ :::~~~~ _____ :::~~~:_ --------166- -----7~949--

1934 __________ c _________ "_______________________________________________________________________ "___________


1930_____ ___ ____ _ ____ _
84,408
63,514
20,894
54,428
19,548
30,599
265,147
1920__________________
65,495
44,288
21,207
(5)
19,192
35,891
222,789

96
6,410
78,339 _______________________ _

____________

(5)

_______________________ _

1910 ____________
__________________
------------ ----------~14,433
32,245/
162,723
(6)
1902
1'______-----------.----------- -----------________________________
- ___________________________________________
:.. ______________
_ ---~-----5-6-- ------1--,8-7-5-1900__________________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________
7,744
(5)
6113,849
(5)
_______________________ _
1899 ___________________________________________________________ ________ :._________ ____________ ____________ ____________
44
1,426
1890 ________
____________ ____________ ____________ ____________
3,716
(5)
54,136
(5)
_______________________ _
~

~_________

I All land irrigated or for which water was received, including crop and pasture
land irrigated, land in young crops not harvested, crop failure, and land being
fallowed and prepared for cultivation as reported by the Censuses of Irrigation.
Z Area reported irrigable in 1940 and 1930 Censuses of Irrigation and total area
in enterprises for 1920 and 1910 censuSes.

S Relates to farms reporting irrigated cropland harvested and/or irrigated pasture, 1940 Census of Agriculture; and farms reporting irrigated crops 1930
1920, and 1910 censuses.
Excludes Arkansas and Louisiana.
5 Not available.
6 Revised.

Series F 62-68.-LAND UTILIZATION-AGRICULTURAL LAND UTILIZATION PROGRAM, SOIL


CONSERVATION SERVICE AND ANTECEDENT AGENCIES; 1935 TO 1945
lIn acres

Unclassified

Areas transferred
to State agencies
with 8CS maintaining custodial
responsibility

67

68

USE OF LAND MANAGED

Total area
managed I
CALENDAR YEAR

62
1945 ___________________________ _
1944 ___________________________ _
1943 ___________________________ _
1942 ___________________________ _
1941 (as of June 30) _____________ _
1940
1939
1938
1937
1936

(as of
(as of
(fiscal
(fiscal
(fiscal

June 30) _____________ _


Dec. 31) _____________ _
year) 2 ______________ _
year) z______________ _
year) z______________ _

1935 (fiscal year)


I

2 ______________ _

7,151,810
7,141,027
7,143,474
7,184,018
7,173,294

Annual crops

Hay

Forest

63

64

65

66

6,237,413
6,131,710
5,889,056
6,000,191

18,488
13,079
16,603
15,619

31,900
23,649
21,954
20,325

404,362
402,660
354,544
378,357

459,647
569,929
861,317
769,526

342,000
333,469
333,469
364,800
372,049

7,089,872
7,215,083
5,186,853
4,562,435
1,984,289

(3)
(3)
(3)

359,039

(3)

Exclusive of custodial areas shown in series F 68.

122

Grazing

360,500
349,005.

2 Lands

acquired less lands transferred.

, Data not available.

FORESTRY

Data: F 69-87

Series F 69-73.-NATIONAL FOREST AREAS AND PURCHASES-GROSS AREA: 1905 TO 1945


[National Forest area data are cumulative totals as of June 30 and include Alaska and Puerto Rico. Forest reservation purchases are for fiscal year ending June 30
and include Puerto Rico]
NATIONAL FOREST AREAS
Gross area Part of gross
within
area under
established Forest Service
boundaries
Admin.

YEAR

Acres

Average
price
per acre

71

72

69

70

1,000

1,000

1945 ______
1944 ______
1943 ______
1942 ______
194L _____

acres
228,703
228,643
228,633
228,725
228,309

acres
179,381
179,101
178,508
178,340
177,653

Number
5
9
8,759
243,522
195,818

Dollars
194.00
66.02
4.31
. 4.53
4.11

1940 ______
1939 ______
1938 ______
1937 ______
1936 ______

228,174
228,784
227,280
226,621
197,435

176,779
176,494
175,238
174,405
165,979

553,077
534,138
800,113
425,637'
2,891,040

1935 ______
1934 ______
1933 ______
1932 ______
193L _____

188,292
188,037
186,837
186,215
185,252

163,310
162,591
162,009
161,361
160,788

1930 ______
1929 ______
1928 ______
1921- _____
1926 ______

183,976
184,565
184,404
183,938
184,124

160,091
159,751
159,481
158,800
158,759

1.

NATIONAL FOREST AREAS

NATIONAL FOREST PURCHASES


(Gross area approved for purchase 1)
Total
price

YEAR

NATIONAL FOREST PURCHASES


(Gross area approved for purchase 1)

Gross area Part of gross


within
area under
established Forest Service
boundaries
Admin.

73

69

70

1,000

1,000

1,000

Acres

Average
price
per acre

71

72

Total
price
73
1,000

1
1
38
1,103
805

1925 ______
1924 ______
1923 ______
1922 ______
192L _____

acres
184,126
182,817
182,100
181,800
181,820

acres
158,395
157,503
157,237
156,837
156,666

Number
247,067
130,290
79,923
242,169
112,397

Dollars
4.80
3.26
4.35
3.41
4.44

dollars
1,186
425
348
826
499

3.98
4.26
3.99
4.99
3.99

2,201
2,275
3,192
2,124
11 ,535

1920 ______
1919 ______
1918 ______
1911- _____
1916 ______

180,300
174,261
175,432
176,252
176,089

156,032
153,933
154,658
155,167
155,400

101,428
103,355
185',199
175,463
54,898

4,44
6.35
5.12
4.86
5.76

450
656
948
853
316

3,661,848
4,206,817
667,314
83,086
547,945

4.09
2.38
1.83
2.48
3.55

14,977
10,012
1,221
206
1,945

1915 ______
1914 ______
1913 ______
1912 ______
191L _____

185,791
186,406
187,334
187,406
190,608

164,058
164,934
166,234
165,027
168,165

282,900
391,114
425,717
287,698

5.72
4.96
4.71
5.65

1,618
1,940
2,005
1,625

538,048
464,177
261,107
135,088
191,725

2.73
3.85
7.65
5.37
3.85

1,469
1,787
1,997
725
738

1910 ______
1909 ______
1908 ______
1907 ______
1906 ______
1905 ______

192,931
194,505
167,977
150,832
106,994
85,693

168,029
172,230
147,820
132,732
94,159
75,352

dollars

------------ ... _---------- --------------------------- ... ---------------------------------------------~----

-------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------- .. --------- --- -- .. "----- --- ----------- ----

Under Act of March 1, 1911, as amended by Act of June 7, 1924, and other related acts.

Series F 74-S7.-NATIONAL FOREST GRAZING, ROADS AND TRAILS, AND VISITORS; FOREST
TREES PLANTED ON FARM LANDS: 1905 TO 1945
[For fiscal year ending June 30, unless otherwise specified 1
NATIONAL FORESTS

FOREST TREES PLANTED ON FARM LANDS

Roads and trails

N umber of livestock
permitted to graze
under pay permits 1

Visits for utilization. of recreation resources 2

Roads

Utilization

Visits by
Total
highways,
users,
Improved
Other
roads,
and
public
public
recreation
water
resources recreation recreation
routes
areas
resources

Betterment

Trails,
construction

Ex:penditures,
total

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

1,000

1,000

1,000

Miles
258
327
243
590
1,279

Mile8
138
306
360
678
1,466

Miles
77
98
183
432
712

dollars
8,407
9,349
7,493
12,527
18,952

visits
10,074
7,152
6,274
10,407
18,005

visits
5,072
3,585
3,412
6,066
10,688

1,000

ThoU8.
3,889
4,280
4,539
4,758
4,787

1,177
1,209
1,250
1,284
1,311

4,949
5,132
5,307
5,485
5,645

1,709
2,442
2,379
3,748
5,912

1,945
2,170
2,427
2,661

2,221
3,185
2,378
2,288
1,965

23,511
26,237
28,973
35,603
54,222

16,163
14,332
14,496
11 ,860
10,781

193L ___
1934 ____
1933 ____
1932 ____
193L ___

1,345
1,419
1,399
1,397
1,376

5,691
6,161
6,162
6,321
6,608

8,740
12,530
4,455
3,174
4,238

3,261
2,525
5,514
6,895
8,612

53,868
50,066
17,009
18,950
19,280

1930 ____
1929 ____
1928 ____
1927 ____
1926 ____

1,358
1,399
1,415
1,486
1,559

6,714
6,964
6,784
6,704
6,503

1,726
2,013
1,538
1,370
1,931

6,176
7,453
6,462
4,987
4,694

1925 ____
1924 ____
1923 ____
1922 ____
192L ___

1,621
1,753
1,864
1,987
2,080

6,432
6,597
6,712
6,892
6,980

1,800
58,223

4,086
51.7,411

1920 6 ___
1920 ____
1919 ____
1918 ____
1917 ____
1916 ____

96
2,121
2,234
2,243
2,054
1,861

557
7,325
7,996
8,512
7,636
7,886

1915 ____
1914 ____
UH3 ____

1,727
1,620
1,557

7,284
7,619
7,868

FISCAL
YEAR

Cattle,
horses,
and swine

Sheep
and
goats

Construction

74

75

___
1-944- ___
19.43 ____
1942 ____
194L ___

ThoU8.
1,206
1,226
1,212
1,191
1,176

1940 ____
1939 ____
1938 ____
1937 ____
1936 ____

1945~

-------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total
trees
planted

Total
costs

..Federal
contribution 8

State
ex:penditure

83

84

85

86

1,000

---87
----

visits
14,530
10,967
10,916
16,852
28,079

1,000
trees
37,743
37,980
46,351
74,219
97,650

1,000

1,000

visits
5,002
3,567
2,862
4,341
7,317

dollars
572
463
448
527
526

dollars
114
119
115
115
113

dollars
458
344
333:
412
413

13,053
11 ,466
10,810
8,837
8,233

3,110
2,866
3,686
3,023
2,548

22,270
20,471
18,260
18,970
11 ,166

87,468
64,213
55,360
41,698
35,648

524
398
365
321
251

140
97
70
71
55

384
301
295
251
196

9,719
8,581
8,166
7,896
8,074

7,722
6,953
6,576
.6,221
5,959

1,996
1,628
1,590
1,669
2,115

7,105
4,646
5,198
6,383
45,250

26,150
20,208
21,970
23,497
25,510

206
199
273
298
339

55
53
77
94
91

151
146
196
204
248

10,356
11,185
9,976
10,892
11 ,862

6,911
7,132
6,550
6,136
6,044

5,253
4,959
4,783
4,469
4,460

1,658
2,173
1,767
1,667
1,584

45,450
45,380
43,590
42,690
42,400

25,836
25,243
28,757
27,866
22,610

403
370
371
313
268

81
75
69
71
45

322
295
302
242
223

12,835
544,057

5,623
4,660

4,217
3,460

1,406
1,200

42,100
41,450

Series F

1,000

--------- --------- --------- - -- -------------- --------- --------- ---------

75-75.-NUMBER OF LIVESTOCK PERMITTED TO GRAZE, ErC.-CON.

Cattle, horses, and swine Sheep and goats


FISCAL YEAR

FISCAL YEAR
74
1912 ________________
191L _______________
191 0 ________________
1909 ________________

Costs

of~

75

Thous.
1,503
1,448
1,498
1,586

1 Figures for 1921-1945 are for calendar years.


, Figures for 1924-1932 and 1939-1945 are f0r calendar years.
J Provided by the Clarke-McNary law, Act of June 7, 1924, and the NorrisDoxey law, Act of May 18, 1937.

Thous.
7,552
7,449
7,649
7,820

1908 _______________
1907 _______________
1906 _______________
1905 _______________

Cattle, horses, and swine

Sheep and goats

74

75

Thous.
1,382
1,200
1,015
692

Thous.
7,087
6,657
5,762
1,710

4. Adjusted from figures which included sightseers and transients.


5 Comprises total for all years prior to 1925.
GLast 6 months of calendar year.

123

LAND, FORESTRY, AND FISHERIES

Data: F 88-108

FORESTS~TIl\1BER

Series F 88-102.-NATIONAL

CUT AND RECEIPTS: 1905 TO 1945

IVolume in millions of bo'ard feet; value in thousands of dollars]


TLMBER CUT--VOLUME AND VALUE

Total

FISCAL
YEAR

Volume

Value

------

RECEIPTS FROM NATIONAL FORESTS

Misc.
Commercial sales
Cost sales
Land exchanges
Free use ~
Total
forest
Timber Grazing
products,
receipts
use
use
Volume Value Volume Value Volume Value
value l Volume Value
------ ------ ------ --------- -----92
94
95
93
99
90
91
96
97
98
100
101

88
89
------ ------------------

Other
use

-102
--

------------ ---------

1945 __________ - - -_
1944 ______________
1943 ____________ -_
1942 ______________
194L _________ - - --

3,299
3,514
2,529
2,424
2,352

13,291
14,517
8,907
6,429
6,084

2,712
2,821
1,848
1,540
1,530

11 ,663
12,399
6,819
4,505
4,509

20
19
17
20
22

19
17
16
18
20

413
493
495
645
515

1,334
1,739
1,837
1,586
1,233

104
149
60
79
62

154
181
169
219
285

s 171
s 213
175
241
260

16,048
15,617
10,056
7,165
6,682

11,587
12,623
7,610
5;094
4,789

2,159
2,459
1,973
1,595
1,429

2,302
535
473
476
464

1940 ________ - - - - -_
1939 ______________
1938 ______________
1937 ____________
1936 __________ - - --

2,066
1,558
1,589
1,608
1,314

5,168
3,687
3,539
3,505
2,892

1,347
999
1,055
1,078
795

3,803
2,668
2,644
2,723
2,100

24
18
20
19
20

21
17
18
17
19

369
273
213
193
206

982
690
546
449
471

58
52
52
39
30

326
268
301
318
293

3304
260
8279
s 277
272

5,859
4,903
4;,671
4,936
4,063

3,943
2,857
2,518
2,925
2,203

1,463
1,574.
1,696
1,580
1,442

458
472
457
431
418

1935 ____ - ______ --1934- _________ - - -1933 __________ - - -1932 _________ - - --193 L ___________ --

1,069
923
740
882
1,390

2,260
1;845
1,333
1,767
3,527

649
580
372
526
1,030

1,701
1,380
823
1,309
2,871

19
19
18
19
18

18
17
.15
17
17

84
76
84
67
174

219
212
239
193
460

41
26
19
21
17

317
248
266
270
168

8281
a 210
237
227
162

3,289
3,315
2,626
2,294
4,993

1,729
1,522
783
1,049
2,607

1,151
1,359
1,498
830
1,961

409
434
345
415
425

1930 __________ -- -1929 __________ - - -1928 __________ - --1927 ___________ - - 1926 ____________ --

1,769
1,583
1,354
1,442
1,281

4,930
4,456
3,610
<13,944
3,477

1,470
1,335
1,151
1,146
1,177

4,324
3,876
3,194
3,293
3,356

18
17
17
15
16

17
15
15
14
14

165
144
104
4199

449
437
299
4540

116
87
82
82
88

117
98
90
91
97

6,752
6,300
5,442
5,167
5,156

4,390
4,109
3,325
3,253
3,367

1,943
1,740
1,714
1,531
.1,422

419
451
403
383
367

1925 ___________ - -1924- ____ ________


1923 ______________
1922 ______________
192L _____________

1,100
1,233
1,092
812
981

2,895
3,203
2,680
1,859
2,081

1,005
1,128
975
702
776

2,793
3,080
2,553
1,736
1,878

17
16
20
21
25

15
15
18
16
18

-------- --------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- --------

23
30
12
6
10
5
14
11
8
8

78
89
97
89
180

82
94
98
99
177

5,000
5,252
5,336
3,422
4,152

2,941
3,036
2,722
1,813
1,770

1,725
1,916
2,842
1,316
2,132

334
300
272
293
250

1920 ______________
1919 ___________ - -1918 ______________
1917 ______________
1916 ______________

893
796
827
850
714

1,887
1,635
1,655
1,683
1,439

783
686
709
716
575

1,748
1,500
1,511
1,518
1,240

22
19
21
21
20

16
14 -------16 -------15 -------14 --------

--------------- --------

10
8

88
91
97
113
119

113
113
128
150
185

4,793
4,358
3,575
3,457
2,824

2,044
1,535
1,630
1,640
1,422

2,486
2,609
1,726
1,550
1,210

263
214
219
267
192

1915 ______________
1914 ______________
1913 ______________
1912 ______________
191L _____________

689
747
617
555
498

1,386
1,454
1,267
1,139
1,040

547
617
495
432
375

1,165
19
1,264
10
1
1,074
943 -------843 --------

2,481
2,438
2,392
2,109
1,969

1,183
1,312
1,271
1,028
952

1,130
1,002
999
961
928

168
124
122
120
89

1910 ______________
1909 __________ -- --

484
458
525
195
139
68

1,082
847
964
338
203
86

379
353
393
195
139
68

906
678
794
338
5203
5 86

123
207
-------- -------- -------120
183
-------- -------- -------121
192
-------- -------- -------123
196
-------- -------- -------- -------123
197
-------- -------- -------- -------105
176
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------105
169
-------- -------- - ------- -------- -------132
170
-------- -------- ... ------- -------- ... -------------- ... ------- ... ------- - ------- ... ------- -------- --------------- - ------- - ------- ... ------- - ------- - ------- --------------- - ------- -------- ... ------- - ------- ... ------- --------

2,041
1,766
1,788
1,530
758
73

1,011
701
811
654
238
73

970
1,023
947
857
513

60
42
30
19
7

~_

i~gt

=~

1906 ______________
========= ==
1905 __________ ----

--------

--------

14
7
1

Includes materials not measurable in board feet, such as Christmas trees, tanbark, turpentine, seedlings, Spanish moss, etc.
2 Fiscal year data, 1905 to 1920, and 1933 to 1946. Calendar year data, 1922 to
1932. Figures for 1921 are for 18-month period, July 1, 1920, to Dec. 31, 1921.
Figures for both 1932 (calendar year) and 1933 (fiscal year) include data for 6-month
period, July 1 to Dec. I, 1932.
1

Series F

-------- --------------- --------

----_ ... _- ... -------

Includes free use not reducible to board feet. Value in dollars as follows: 1934,
$146; 1935, $870; 1937, $1,969; 1938, $3,643; 1940, $3,774; 1944, $7,304; and
1945, $8,291.
.
.
4 Includes land-exchanges figures from beginning of exchange cuttings.
5 Estimated.
3

l03~108.-NATIONAL

FORESTS-PAYMENTS TO STATES AND TERRITORIES, AND


ALLOTMENTS TO FOREST SERVICE: 1906 TO 1945
[In thousands of dollars]

PAYMENTS TO STATES AND TERRITORIES

FISCAL YEAR

Total

25 percent
fundI

Arizona and
New Mexico
school fund 2

103

104

105

ALLOTMENTS TO FOREST SERVICE

Total

Roads and
trails S

Acquisition of
lands'

106

107

108

1945 _________
1944-45 ______
1944 _____ - - __
1943 ______ - __
1942 _________
194L ________

4,039
244
3,933
2,503
1,693
1,569

4,003
36
244 ------------3,895
38
2,476
27
1,670
23
1,546
23

1940 _________
1939 _________
1938 _________
1937 _________
1936 _____ - - __

1,456
1,216
1,167
1,243
1,028

1,433
1,192
1,136
1,215
996

23
24
31
28
32

678
587
516
536
446

573
477
454
486
398

1935 _________
1934 _____ - - __
1933 _________
1932 _________
193L ________

538
844
679
589
1,272

517
821
651
568
1,241

21
23
28
21
31

327
329
260
227
496

327 ----------329 ----------260 ----------227 ----------496 -----------

1930 _________
1929 ______ - __
1928 _________
1927 _________
1926 _________

1,719
1,606
1,387
1,311
1,299

1,678
1,565
1,351
1,285
1,285

41
41
36
26
14

1,601
-878
1,558
1,117
1,130
1,093

671
626
540
514
514

1,601 ----------5 -976


98
1,558 ----------990
127
668
462
475
618

671
626
540
514
514

1 Under Act of May 23, 1908.


2 Under Act of June 20, 1910.
S Roads and trails on National Forest lands in States and Territories from which
moneys.were received, under Act of March 4, 1913.

124

105
110
62
50
48

---------------------------------------------------

PAYMENTS TO STATES AND TERRITORIES

FISCAL YEAR

Total

25 percent
fundI

Arizona and
New Mexico
school fund 2

Allotments,
roads and
trails 3

103

104

105

107

1925 ________
1924 ________
1923 ________
1922 ________
192L _______

1,271
1,347
1,371
882
1,083

1,243
1,302
1,321
846
1,023

28
45
50
36
60

497
521
529
339
409

1920 ________
1919 ________
1918 ______.__
1917 ________
1916 ________

1,253
1,149
946
911
737

1,180
1,070
876
849
696

73
79
70
41

472
428
351
340
278

1915 ________
1914- _______
1913 ________
1912 ________
191L _______

649
640
633
554
515

611
599
587
518
485

38
41
46
36
30

1910 ________

511

510

1906-1909 ___

1,117

1,117

62

244
240
235
207

--------------------------------- ----- --- --1

<I Acquisition of lands (under various acts) in States and Territories from which
moneys were received.
5 Supplemental distribution previously withheld. because of acquisition laws.

FORESTRY

Data: F109-131

Se~ies F I09....122.-LUMBER PRODUCTION AND PRICES: 1799 TO 1945


LUMBER PRODUCTION (1,000
FEET, BOARD MEASURE)

Total

YEAR

109

PRICE PER

Stumpage
Softwoods

Hardwoods
111

110

All
species

Softwoods

1,000

FEE']', BOARD MEASURE

Log

Hardwoods

I'yiixed

112

113

114

115

Lumber

All
I species
I

Softwoods

116

117

118

119

Hardwoods

All
I species

lvllxed

Softwoods

120

Hardwoods

---122
----

121

1945 _____ _ 28,122,34 421,139,872


194L ____ _ 32,937,54 9 25,159,695
1943 _____ _ 34,288,75 726,917,342
1942 _____ _ 36,332,24 829,510,184
194L ____ _ 36,537,62 929,866,602

6,982,472
7,777,854
7,371 ,415
6,822,064
6,671 ,027

$3.33

$3.02

$9,97

$8.61

$22.90

$47.51

$28.86

(4)

(4)

$32.29

(4)

(4)

(4)
(4)

4.34
3.79
3.12

3.64
3.29
2.77

8.82
7.06
6.71

7.49
6.89
5.50

33.06
23.94
19.41

23.51
21.92
15.35

44.51
28.57
23.70

26.24
18.96
15.57

$36.86
31. 50
28.09

$35,57
30,73
27.26

$41,57
34.87
32.34

1940 _____ _ 31,159,12 625,622,110


1939 _____ _ 28,754,61 5 23 ,290 ,698
1938 _____ _ 24,825,49 719,954,881
1937 _____ _ 29,003,95 323,148,214
1936 _____ _ 27,626,44 022,025,168
1935 ______ 22,948,838 18,195,665
1934 ______ 18,826,806 14,617,862
1933 ______ 17,150,575 13,785,975
.1932 ______ 13,528,742 10,801,823
193L _____ 19,997,432 15,886,696

5,537,016
5,463,917
4,870,616
5,855,739
5,601,272

2.61
2.68
2.91
2.84
3.01

2.35
2.47
2.77
2.63
2.78

5.90
5.36
5.77
6,35
5.48

4.93
4.66
4.31
5.03
4.fr2

16.11
16.48
15.56
17,46
15.92

13.50
13.23
13.01
13.20
12.66

20.32
20.49
19.13
21. 63
19.96

14,23
14.49
14.28
13.80
14.67

23.32
21.97
21.45
24.25
22.20

22.48
20.97
20.42
22.97
21.03

28.47
27.66
27.09
30.49
27.92

4,748,168
4,208,444
8,364,600
2,721,919
4,110,736

2.76
2.87
2.57
2.88
3.13

2.42
2.66
2.33
2.70
2.84

6.19
5.06
5.13
4.60
4,63

4.43
3.95
3.68
3.01
4.68

15.24
15.12
13.26
13.26
17.31

11.78
12.39
10.80
10.08
13,57

18.24
18.24
15,64
16.82
20.47

14.70
13.38
11.60
14,50
14.98

20.43
21.47
18.55
15.12
18.56

19,08
20.05
16.94
13.94
16.14

27.09
28.01
27.81
22.45
28.00

1930 ______
1929 ______
1928 ______
1927 ______
1926 ______

29,358,021 23,228,096
38,745,275 30,836,328
36,750,123 29,852,517
3'1:,250,420 29,975,687
39,749,930 32,078,306

6,129,925
7,908,947
6,897,606
7,274,733
7,671,624

3.27
3.64
3.69
4.70
4.13

2,93
3.19
3.18
4.31
3.65

5.84
7.20
7.58
6.75
5.96

5.28
6.47
5.84
5.23
5.39

20.78
25,12
20.91
23.20
24.19

15.01
17.01
16.76
16.35
19.23

25.16.
30.81
26.77
28.41
30.05

18.75
20.34
15.36
18.78
21.05

22.81
26,94
25.61
25.80
27.34

20.88
24.31
23.41
23.47
25.22

31.49
38.04
36.35
36.71
37.34

1925 ______
1924 ______
1923 ______
1922 ______
192L _____

40,999,641 33,283,465
39,499,986 31,549,270
40,999,505 33,219,928
35,249,888 28,921,627
28,999,864 23,443,921

7,716,176
7,950,716
7,779,577
6,328,261
5,555,943

3.79
3.56
4.08
3.11
3.22

3.51
3.32
3.68
2.85
2.82

6.30
5.83
6.21
7.04
6.36

5.96
5.79
5.95
5.89
4.72

26.25
20.67
17.85
17.55
18.01

24.14
16.72
15.52
14.23
15.41

28.52
26.82
23.51
22.84
22.99

25.20
18.40
17.75
12.46
22.43

28.02
28.57
31.78
26.15
23.47

25.89
26.52
30.13
24.79
21.85

38.21
37.84
39.82
33.50
30.92

1920 ______
1919 ______
1918 ______
1911- _____
1916 ______

34,999,800 27,610,276
34,552,076 27,407,130
31,890,494 25,667,531
35,831,239 29,174,122
39,807,251 31,381,900

7,389,524
7,144,946
6,222,963
6,657,117
8,475,351

3.18
3.70
3.03
2.93
2.78

2.89
3.18
2.90
2.67
2.59

5.59
6.38
8.13
3.66
3.39

5.47
4.94
4.31
4.17
3.56

23.88
20.01
17.46
15.46
13.09

19.59
17.00
15.12
12.42
11.80

31.00
26.54
22.72
19.45
18.29

25.08
19.44
15.50
13.54
12.35

38 . 42
30.21
24.79
20.32
15.32

36.43
28.39
23.66
19.45
14.42

46.26
37.32
30.02
24.20
19.16

1915 ______
191L _____
1913 ______
1912 ______
191L _____

37,011,656 29,484,763
40,500,000 31,481,000
44,000,000 34,065,000
45,000,000 34,695,000
43,000,000 33,020,000

7,526,893
9,019,000
9,935,000
10,305,000
9,980,000

2.26
3.91
2.94
2.93
3.57

2.07
4.00
2.85
2.95
3.55

3.57
4.. 28.
3.15
3.89
4.72

2.91
3.04
3.50
2.69
3.64

12.90
12.35
13.07
11.68
11. 62

10.87
11.25
11. 93
10.85
10.17

17.93
16.73
16.63
14.35
15.87

13.62
11.56
11.72
12.00
10.50

14.04

13.25

17.48

1910 ______
1909 ______
1908 ______
1907 ______
1906 ______

44,500,000 34,029,000 10,471 ,000


44,509,761 33,896,959 10,612,802
42,000,000 31,945,000 10,055,000
46,000,000 34,946,000 11,054,000
46,000,000 34,900,000 11 ,100 ,000

3.17
2.11
2.30
2.32
2.43

3.13
2.12
2.31
2.33
2.50

3.11
1. 94
3.25
2.65
2.68

3.55
1.98
1.89
1.93
1. 61

10.44
11.01
10.38
8.43
7.90

10.16
8.76
7.71
7.02
6;50

12.32
13.08
11.68
11.17
10.69

11.00
9.00
8.00
10.00

1905 ______ 43,500,000 32,960,000 10,540,000


1904 ___ -, __ 43,000,000 32,538,000 10,462,000
1903 ______
(4)
(4)
(4)
1902 ____ _
(4)
(4)
(4)
190L _____
(4)
(4)
(4)

1.88
0.85
0.93

1.87
0.79
0.93

1.26

(4)

6.03.
5.64
6.32
6.48
5.11

9.25
9.60
9.46
9.62

8.00

0.85

6.68
5.77.
6.45
6.64
5.59

(4)

0.86

2.25
1. 95
0.92
1. 05
0.85

0.79

0.78

(4)

1.00

5.72

5.09

(4)

(4)

(4)

1.46
1.50

(4)

1900 ______
(4)
(4)
(4)
1899 ______ 3 5,077,5952 6,371 ,336 8,706,259
"1889 ______ 2 7,038,7342 0,024,784 7,014,000
1879 ______ 18,125,4321 3,334,432 4,791,000
1869 ______ 12,755,543 9,252,543 3,503,000
1859 ______ 8,029,000 5,802,000 2,227,000
1849 ______ 5,392,000 4,075,000 1,317,000

_-------_-------_-------_-------_--------

1839 ______ 1,604,000 1,275,000


1829 ______
850,000
702,000
1819 ______
550,000
469,000
1809 ______
400,000
344,000
1799 ______
300,000
263,000

_-------- - -------_-------- - -------_-------- - -------_-------- -------_-------- -------- - --------

1
2

329,000
148,000
81,000
56,000
37,000

- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

(4)

(4)

(4)

(4)

(4)
(4)

15.05

14.17

18.19

14.41
14.08
14.06
15.53
15.75

18.45
19.52
19.49
19.90
19.84

(4)

(I)

(4)

12.76

11. 69
~4)

17.09

(I)
()
(4)

(4)

5.00

(4)

(4)

11.13

--------- --------- - -------- --------- --------- --------- ----------------- - -------- --------- --------- --------- ----------------- --------- - -------- --------- --------- --------- - - - - - - --- -------- - -------- - -------- --------- - -------- --------- - - - - - . - -- -------- - -------- - -------- - -------- --------- ----- ---- --------- -------- - -------- - -------- - -------- - - .. ------ - -------- - - - - - - - -- -------- - -- ... _---- - -------- --------- - -------- - -------- --------- -------- - -------- - -------- - -------- - -------- - -------- - _... - - - - - - ----- ... -- - -------- - -------- - -------- - -------- - -------- ... --------

--------- - -----_ ..... - -------- --------- -....... _-----

(4)
(4)
(4)

(4)
(4)
(4)

15.30
15.38
15.37
16.56
16.54

---------

U. S. average of all sales, standing timber.


Average of Eastern (east of the Great Plains only) species; f.o.b. the mill.

(4)

(4)
(4)
(4)

(4)

10.14

(4)
. (4)

4)
(4)

(4)
(4)
(4)

(4)
10.27

13.53

(4)

--- -----.--------------------------------- --------- -- -- - --- ---------

---------------------------------

- -------- ---------

- -------- - -- --- -- - - -------... -------- - -------- - ----

-- --

U. S. average of all sales; f.o.b. the mill.


4 "Data not available.

Series F 123-131.-FOREST PRODUCTS-WOOD PRODUCTS TREATED WITH PRESERVATIVES:


1909 TO 1945
[ In cubic feet
Total

Crossties

Switch ties

Piles

Poles

Wood blocks

Miscellaneous
Cross arms Construction
timbers
material

YEAR

123

125

126

127

128

129

130

131

1945 ______________________________
1944 ______________________________
1943 ______________________________
1942 ______________________________
1941 ______________________________

279 ,449 ,934


277,686,727
261,138,980
312,934,621
319,164,422

140,205,531
159,133,794
144 i 687 ,201
162,526,140
142,992,057

9,899,799
11,022,845
11,583,243
13,948,134
11 ,856 ,495

20,524,583
18,366,084
20,688,032
28,525,800
21,573,674

74,391,434
52,691,285
35,696,742
50,606,142
90,028,576

3,293,955
2,465,200
7,984,287
10,687,470
7,473,624

1,469,390
1,440,327
868,691
710,763
1,159,365

9,802,809
10,404,609
13,478,044
16,778,072
15,838,092

19,863,433
22,162,583
26,152,740
29,152,100
28,242,539

1940 ______________________________
1939 ______________________________
1938 ________________________ - _____
937 ______________________________
1
1 936 ______________________________

265,473,149
245,219,878
244,221,442
265 ,794 ,186
222 ,463 ,994

127,999,794
107,246,535
133,796,034
134,409,717
113,856,387

8,859,145
8,519,314
8,779,343
9,614,801
8,602,445

15,659,660
14,645,775
8,624,151
11,969,103
12,930,368

74,129,493
81,572,357
62,393,355
74,230,130
54,898,765

2,730,021
1,757,235
2,368,790
2,903,145
2,115,243

674,988
418,635
355,038
751,595
604,047

12,496,453
12,835,444
15,628,080
18,746,745
20,430,971

22,923,595
18,224,583
12,276,651
13,168,950
9,025,768

) Included in construction timbers prior to 1925.

124

Includes both full-length pressuretreated poles and nonpressure (butt-treated) poles.

125

LAND, FORESTRY, AND FISHERIES

Data: F 123-142

Series F 123-131.-FOREST PRODUCTS-WOOD PRODUCTS TREATED V/ITH PRESERVATIVES:


1909 TO 1945-Con.
( In cubic feet J

Total

Switch tip.s

Crossties

Piles

Poles

Wood blocks

Cross arms

128

129

Construction
timbers

YEAR

123

126

125

124

127

130

Miscellaneous
material
131

1935 ____________
1934- ___________
1933 ____________
1932 ____________
193L ___________

179,483,970
155,105,723
125,955,828
157,418,589
233,334,302

103,509,441
85,378,761
68,089,695
105,136,449
145,833,492

7,836,488
6,778,494
5,430,278
8,603,872
10,897,532

8,574,542
8,638,674
6,203,613
6,815,532
12,119,880

35,793,120
32,070,440
30,120,834
21,947,200
39,966,062

1,483,810
1,042,902
388,537
490,184
1,256,567

351,476
518,988
313,440
370,904
319,625

15,683,306
15,285,484
12,156,752
10,120,582
16,624,072

6,206,787
5,391,980
3,252,679
3,933,866
6,317,072

1930 ____________
1929 ____________
1928 ____________
1921- __________'_
1926 ____________

332,318,577
362,009,047
335,920,379
345,685,804
289,322,079

189,801,321
213 ,069,309
210,343,215
222 , 695 , 520
187,963,614

14,622,713
14,425,642
14,533,450
15,200,934
13,177,386

17,027,153
17,126,794
13,665,394
11 ,660 ,322
12,420,977

75,258,146
77,154,317
64,325,976
64,028,607
49,511,088

5,012,445
6,852,130
3,676,312
5,271,420
3,689,424

1,299,246
1,957,431
1,207,512
1,008,192
1,344,406

19,013,369
20,203,811
20,157,747
17,344,062
17,969,901

10,284,184
11,219,613
8,010,773
8,476,747
3,245,283

274,474,539
268,583,235
224,375,468
166,620,347
201,643,228

13,616,760
187,691,733
187,898 ,130 -------------160,830,525 -------------123 , 949 ,422 -------------166,150,545 -..,.------------

9,636,747
11,685,756
9,569,443
7,496,789
5,591,999

42,204,413
36,716,768
26,886,904
17,008,640
10,959,256

3,408,489
4,191,560
4,932,307
3,947,551
6,202,904

621,705
517,811
420,206
374,829
108,715

14,375,693
24,291,231
18,837,795
12,713,080
11 ,876,708

2,918,999
. 3,281,979
2,898,288
1,130,036
753,101

1920 ____________
1919 ____________
1918 ____________
1917 ____________
1916 ____________

173 ,309 , 505


146,060,994
122,612,890
137,338,586
150,522,982

134 ,962 , 596 --,- -- - -- -- -..,.


112 ,703 ,781 -------------91,827,627 -..,. ----- - -100,378,,410 -------------112,408,104 --------------

--

8,092,546
9,168,950
8,309,372
8,586,012
8,582,834

10,309,746
6,661,266
4,615,770
6,725,503
6,747,082

6,741,410
4,713,678
6,297,294
9,085,230
9,944,684

318,707
75,310
423,371
256,038
180,844

11 ,645,811
12,061,873
10,215,593
11 ,495,076
11,574,101

1,238,689
676,136
923,863
812,317
1,085,333

1915 ____________
1914 ____________
1913 ____________
1912 ____________
191L ___________

140,858,963
159,582,639
153,613,088
125,931,056
111 ,524,563

111,256,755
131,540,961
120,781,248
97,183,009
85,182,420

--------------

6,295,284
8,061,902
7,957,922
7,737,035
4,937!363

2,512,780
1,482,407
2,500,420
1,188,579
106,213

7,707,971
6,869,370
6,855,493
7,397,095
10,145,724

90,627
417,914
1,824,719
1,643,128
71,961

11 ,834,087
9,847,801
11 ,653,628
7,793,524
8,460,956

1,161,456
1,362,289
2,039,654
2,988,688
2,619,926

1910 _________ ~-1909 ____________

100,074,144
75,946,419

78,467,031
62,079,036

5,257,646
4,421,726

255,597
659,554

4,692,453
2,994,290

88,069
41,764

8,523,929
5,286,120

2,789,419
463,819

1925 ____________
1924 ____________
1923 ____________
1922 ____________
1921 ____________

-..,...,.

---------------------------------------------------~~

--------------

--------------

Included in construction timbers prior to 1925.

Includes both full-length pressure-treated poles and nonpressure (butt-treated) poles.

Series F 132-142.-FOREST PRODUCTS-PULPWOOD, WOOD PULP, PAPER AND PAPERBOARD,


AND GUM AND WOOD NAVAL STORES: 1898 TO 1945
[ Cords of 128 cu. ft.; short tons of 2,000 pounds., Naval store year ends March 31]
GUM AND WOOD NAVAL STORES PRODUCTION

PAPER AND PAPERBOARD

Pulpwood
consumption

Wood-pUlp
production

YEAR

Production

Estimated
total consumption or
new supply 1

Consumption per
capita

Turpentine (50 gal. bbls.)


Total

From gum

From wood

Rosin (drum.s 520 lbs. net)


Total

From gum

From wood

132

133

134

135

136

137

138

139

140

141

142

1945 ________
1944 ________
1943 ________
1942 ____ ___
194L _______

Cords

Short tons

Sht-rt tons

Short tons

Pounds

Barrels

Barrels

Barrels

Drums

Drums

16,911,861
16,757,400
15,644,500
17,275,000
16,580,000

10,167,200
10,108,443
9,680,462
10,783,430
10,375,422

17,370,965
17,182,804
17,035,688
17,083,862
17,762,365

19,665,487
19,445,164
19,436,384
19,779,838
20,421,466

281.6
285.8
284.8
293.6
306.6

471,243
508,432
560,351'
548,796
566,341

245,194
288,382
321,930
285,050
343,938

226,049
220,050
238,421
263,746
222,403

Drums
1,317,912
1,362,831
1,655,803
1,708,474
1,717,492-

692,212
783,565
868,698
791,710
938,911

625,700
579,266
787,105
916,764
778,581

1940 ________
1939 ________
1938 ________
1937 ________
1936 ________

13,742 ;958
10,816,466
9,193,991
10,393,800
. 8,715,916

8,959,559
6,993,334
5,933,560
6,572,918
5,695,219

14,483,709
13,509,642
11,380,814
12,837,003
11,975,552

16,747,980
15,948,557
13,525,739
16,027,993
14,643,735

254.,2
243.6
208.2
248.8
228.6

604,778
709,218
700,331
634,520
602,908

382,781
534,291
518,454
482,787
497,000

221,997
174,927
181,877
151,733
105,908

1,835,177
2,089,913
2,049,573
1,865,570
1,821,193

1,054,236
1,466,344
1,388,343
1,286,347
1,360,950

780,941
623,569
661,230
579,223
460,243

1935 ________
934 ________
1933
________
1932 ________
1
193L _______

7,628,274
6,796,659
6,581,674
5,633,123
6,722,766

4,925,669
4,436,128
4,276,204
3,760,267
4,409,344

10,479,095
9,186,598
9,190,017
7,997,872
9,381,840

12,650,357
11 ,283 ,351
10,901,526
9,717,581
11 ,340 ,686

198.8
178.4
173.6
155.6
182.8

603,093
624,761
575,131
551,068
676,366

510,000
526,000
501,000
500,000
600,000

93,093
98,761
74,131
51,068
76,366

1,783,298
1,837,870
1,658,664
1,582,980
1,951,133

1,387,200
1,430,448
1,362,720
1,332,000
1,600,000

396,098
407,422
295,944
250,980
351,133

930 ________
1929
________
1928
________
1
921_______
1
1926 ________

7,195,524
7,645,011
7,160,100
6,750,935
6,766,007

4,630,308
4,862,885
4,010,800
4,313,-103
4,394,766

10,169,140
11,140,235
10,403,338
10,002,070
9,79-1,086

12,309,279
13,414,033
12,450,940
11,923,145
11,579,689

200.4
220.2
206.6
200.2
197.2

710,736
637,896
726,948
580,298
538,643

625,000
560,000
650,000
510,000
480,000

85,736
77,896
76,948
70,298
58,643

2,038,229
1,837,323
2,059,579
1,652,384
1,506,803

1,664,800
1,492,000
1,732,000
1,360,000
1,279,200

373,429
345,323
327,579
292,384
227,603

1925 ________
1924- _______
________
1923
1 922 ________
192L _______

6,093,821
5,768,082
5,872,870
5,548,842
4,557,179

3,962,217
3,723,266
3,788,672
3,521,644
2,875,601

9,001,742
7,929,985
7,870,756
6,874,834
5,333,397

10,413,218
9,280,987
9,190,759
7,855,930
6,038,242

179.6
162.6
164.0
142.6
111.2

587,025
608,400
553,473
508,686
540,961

530,000
565,000
520,000
500,000
525,000

57,025
43,400
33,473
8,686
15,961

1,618,024
1,666,160
1,517,716
1,373,517
1,469,867

1,412,000
1,504,800
1,384,800
1,332,000
1,398,400

206,024
161,360
132,916
41,517
71,467

1920 ________
1919 ________
1 918 ________
1 917 ________
1 916 ________

6,114,072
5,477,832
5,250,794
5,480,075
5,228,558

3,821,704
3,517,952
3,313,861
3,509,939
3,435,001

7,185,122
5,966,076
5,937,897
5,803,808

7,687,068
6,275,337
6,309,921
6,089,369

145.4
120.0
122.2
117.8

420,838
359,353
548,200
625,627
537,014

400,000
340,000
520,000
610,000
530,000

20,838
19,353
28,200
15,627
7,014

1,157,565
993,745
1,513,073
1,697,011
1,442,687

1,065,600
905,600
1,384,800
1,625,600
1,412,000

91 ,965
88,145
128,273
71,411
30,687

566,461
694,532
729,800
663,500
616,700

560,000
675,000
715,000
660,000
615,000

6,461
19,532
14,800
3,500
1,700

1,519,170
1,901,734
1,983,520
1,776,960
1,649,040

1,492,000
1,798,400
1,904,800
1,758,400
1,637,600

27,170
103,334
78,720
18,560
11 ,440

600,000
750,000
585,000
588,000
590,000

600,000 ----------- 1,600,000


750,000 ------ .. ---- 1,998,400
585,000 ----------- 1,558,400
588,000 ----------- 1,566,400
590,000. ----------- 1,571,000

________
1915
14- _______
1913
________
1912
19 lL________
_______
19
10 ________
1909
________
19 08 ________
19
07 ________
1906
19 ___ ____
~

(2) .

(2)

(2)

----------------------------------------------------------5,385,769
4,470,763
2,893,150
5,152,705
108.6
------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ----------------------- ------------- .
------------------------(2)
(2)
(2)
4,328,052
2,686,134
~----------

4,094,306
4,001,607
3,346,953
3,962,660
3,661,176

2,533,976
2,495,523
2,118,947
2,547,879
2,327,844

(2)

4,121,495
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)

4,108,503
(2)
(2)

(~)

(2)

90,8
(2)

(2)
(2)

Production plus imports minus exports. Changes in inventories not taken into account.

126

Data not available.

1,600,000 --- .. ------1,998,400 ----------1,558,400 ---------1,566,400 ------ ----1,571 ,000 ------ ----.

FORESTRY

Data: F 13.2-154

Series F 132-142.-FOREST PRODUCTS-PULPWOOD, WOOD PULP, PAPER AND PAPERBOARD,


AND GUM AND WOOD NAVAL STORES: 1898 TO 1945-Con.
(Cords of 128 cu. ft.; short tons of 2,000 pounds. Naval store year ends March 31]

I
YEAR

__________~___________________________

GUM AND
I--------------~

PAPER AND PAPERBOARD

Pulpwood
consumption

Vlood=pulp
production

132

133

Pd'
ro uctlOn

WOOD NAVAL STORE.S PRODUCTION

Estimated I Consu...--np-
I
Turpentine (50 gal. bbls~)
Rm!in (drurns520 1bs. net)
total contion per I-------=c-,------'--..:::.....-,----'---,I------i------'--'----,----~-sumption or
capita
Total
From gum From wood
From gum From wood
Total
new supply 1

134

135

137

136

138

141

140

139

142

Cords
Short tons
Short ions
Short tons
Pounds
1905________
3,192,002
2,084,482
2
2
1904 ________
3,050,717
1,921,768
3,106,696
3,059,849
74.4
1903 _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _________ _
1902 ______________________________________________________________________ _
1901 ______________________________________________________________________ _

Barrels
600,000
545,000
581.,000
600,000
620,000

Barrels
Ba.rrels
600,000 ----------545,000 --- -------581,000 ----------.600,000 -- --------620,000 -----------

Drums
1,600,000
1,452,000
1,548,000
1,600,000
1,652,000

Drums
Drums
1,600,000 ----------1,452,000
1,548,000 --- -------1,600,000 ----------1,652,000 ---------- -

1900 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ __ _ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __________ _


1899 ________
1,986,310
1,179,525
2,167,593
2,117,041
56.6
1898 ____________ . _________________________________________________________ _

535,000
525,000
500,000

535,000
525,000
500,000

-------------------------------

1,425,600
1,398,400
1,332,000

1,425,600 ----------1,398,400 ----------1,332,000 -----------

Production plus imports minus exports. Changes in inventories not taken into account.

------~----

Data not available.

Series F 143-150.-FOREST FIRES-NUMBER AND AREA BURNED OVER: 1906 TO 1945


[Figures for Federal lands are for continental United States only; those for State and private lands include Hawaii]
PROTECTED AREA
CALENDAR
YEAR

National forest lands


Area
Fires
burned
over
143

1945 ____________
1944 ____________
1943 ____________
1942 ____________
194L ___________

Number
6,530
6,951
7.233
7,381
7,357

1940 ____________
1939 ____________
1938 ____________
1931- ______ ~ ____
1936 ____________

Other Federal lands 1


Area
Fires
burned
over

144

145

1,000

acres
176
209
234
349
204

Number
8,539
8,985
9,892
9,946
10,013

11,180
10,134
8,442
7,593
9,568

228
291
175
72
281

1935 __________ '__


1934_. ___________
1933 ____________
1932 ____________
193L_.__________

6,859
6,799
3,899
4,250
5,391

168
555
132
373
533

1930 ____________
1929 ____________
1928 ____________
1927 ____. ________
1926 ____________

5,435
4,844
4,394
3,786
4,606

138
799
399
170
777

146

147

acres
445
375
702
576
438

Number
48,176
56,148
78,815
75,843
80,983

]4,085
12,376
9,876
9,468
11 ,147

486
523
316
90
425

7,974
8,072
4,533
4,937
5,726

218
659
381
418
552

(H)

e}

(3)

(3)
(3)
(3)

State and private lands


Fires

Area
burned
over

149

150

148

1,000

(3)
(3)
(S)
(3)

PROTECTED AREA,
NATIONAL FOREST LANDS

UNPROTECTED AREA,2

State and private lands


Area
Fires
burned
over

1,000

------143

1,000

144

---1,000

Number
5,603
5,375
3,233
4,141
3,452

107,824
114,638
146,030
121,449
141,432

22,432
26,660
30,876
20,637
38,990

1920 __________
1919 __________
1918 __________
1911- _________
191.6 __________

3,968
4,117
3,616
4,589

342
2,007

3,417

300

2,311
3,514
3,342
3,234
5,854

77,743
93,345
87,435
105,899
125,040

27,797
37,648
40,167
38,-110
45,200

1915 __________
191L _________
1913 __________
1912 __________
1911 __________

3,641
4,098
3,062
1,589
2,257

279
385
384
189
470

5,809
4,876
4,111
2,784
4,755

120,148
90,819
136,674
123,138'
57,926

46,457
41,354
39,431
35,747
19,561

1910 __________
1909 __________
1908 __________
190L _________
1906 __________

3,438
2,310

4,134
299
415
213
115

73,518
85,657
76,323
54,292
73,706

2,930
3,266
2,623
1,254
3,792

54,580
61,246
48,754
55,563
56,448
70,832
44,076
39,260
35,300
33,867
2
8

Area
burned
over

Fires

1925 __________
1924 __________
1923 __________
1922 __________
192L _________

Number
68,013
66,096
121,619
122,429
108,706

Includes National Forests, Interior, Soil Conservation Service, TVA, Public


Domain, etc.

CALENDAR
YEAR

acres
14,780
13,873
27,772
27,415
22,83@

acres
2,456
2.301
3,860
3,863
3,137

acres
251
602
264
373
376

695
963

-------------------------------

Based on State estimates.


Included in State and private lands, protected area.

Series F 151-154.-FOREST FIRES-EXPENDITURES FOR CONTROL ON STATE AND PRIVATE


LANDS: 1912 TO 1945
[In thousands of dollars. Includes Hawaii. Expenditures began under Weeks Law in 1912, and under Clarke-McNary Law, Section 2, in 1926 J

FISCAL
, YEAR

Total

Federal
participation

151

152

153

154

5.925 .
5,870
4,624
2,703
1,979

6,562
6,351
6,714
6,272
7,299

2,114
1,739
2,405
2,193

1945 _____
1944 _____
1943 _____
1942 _____
194L ____

14,601
13,960
13,743
11 ,168
9,278

1940 _____
1939 _____
1938 _____
193L ____
1936 _____

9,188
8,410
6,911
6,852
5,222

1935 _____
1934- ____
t

5,588
5,263

Calendar year data.

1,988
1,793
1,463
1,473
1,427
1,457
1,468

State
expenditures

7,200
6,617
5,448
5.379
3,795
4,131
3,795

Private
agencies

Total

Federal
participation

State
expenditures

Private
agencies

151

152

153

154

1933 _____
1932 _____
193L ____

4,594
5,943
6,548

1.452
1,573
1,537

3,142
4,370
5,011

1930 _____
1929 _____
1928 _____
1927 _____
1926 _____

5,270
4,111
3,941
3,144
2,460

1,252
1,069
868
607
585

4,118
3,042
3,073
2,537
1,875

1925 _____
1924 _____
1923 _____

2,205
1,837
2,194

361
364
368

FISCAl,
YEAR

1,844 ---------1,473 ---------1,826 ----------

FISCAL
YEAR

Total

Federal
participation

State
expenrutares

151

152

153

1922 _____
192L ____

2,270
1,174

373
108

1,897
1,066

1920 _____
1919 _____
1918 ____ ._
1917 _____
1916 _____

945
718
666
521
492

85
93
92
86
85

860
625
574
435
407

1915 _____
1914 _____
1913 _____
1912 _____

886
699
660
285

68
70
257
251

1 818

629

16()S
1 234

Excludes administration and inspection costs.

127

LAND, FORESTRY, AND FISHERIES

Data:F 155-165

Series F

155-159.-FISHERIES~YIELD

AND DISPOSITION OF CATCH, Ul.JITED STATES AND


ALASKA: 1929 TO 1945

[In millions of pounds .. Data are partly estimated J


DISPOSITION

DISPOSITION

ByFresh
and Canned Cured products
frozen
and bait
--------------155
156
157
158
159

YEAR

1945 _______
1944 _______
1943 _______
1942 _______
194L ______

------

4,570
4,504
4,202
3,877
5,080

1940 _______ 4,060

1,841
1,589
1,495
1,407
1,660

1,230
1,225
1,165
1,230
1,645

110
110
114
115
125

1,389
1,580
1,428
1,125
1,650

1,461

1,280

130

1,189

DISPOSITION

ByFresh
and Canned Cured products
frozen
and bait
--------- -----156
157
158
155
159

Total
catch

Total
catch

Total
catch

YEAR

1939 ______
1938 ______
1937 ______
1936 ______

4,443
4,253
4,353
4,760

1935 ______
1934 ______

4,066
4,058

--- -----1,366
1,355
1,339
1,321

1,281
1,234
1,356
1,459

130
130
130
135

1,666
1,534
1,528
1,845

1,250
1,087

1,220
1,293

130
130

1,466
1,548

Fresh
and Canned Cured
frozen

YEAR

1933 ____
1932 ____
193L ___
1930 ____
1929 ____

Byproduets
and bait

- - - - - - - - - - - - --155
156
157
158
159
--- -----2,933
2,614
2,657

1,012
1,032
1,121

991
787
962

135
140
130

795
655
444

3,287
3,567

1,389
1,352

1,077
1,286

145
150

676
779

Series F 160-165.-FISHERIES-CATCH, UNITED STATES AND ATLANTIC COAST: 1804 TO 1945


UNITED STATES CATCH
YEAR

Haddock

Shad

Menhaden
received

160

161

162

1,000
pounds
194,5 1__________ 151,927
1944 ___________ 140,538
1943 ___________ ' 125,693
1942 ___________ 145,687
194L __________

----------

1,000
pounds

1,000
fish
_ 1,132,946
---is:3i9 1,023,851
14,168
918,738
15,086
708,688
10,440 1,156,846

ATLANTIC COAST CATCH

Mackerel

Cod

Haddock

Shad

163

164

165

160

161

1,000
pounds

1,000
pounds

1908 __________
190L _________
1906 __________

1,000
pounds
60,900
54,300
73,300

1,000
pounds
27,636
27,759
27,878

1905 __________
1904 __________
1903 __________
1902 __ _______
190L _________

78,000
59,500
50,700
48,400
40,400

27,999
28,169
33,556
38,942
44,368

1900 __________
1899 __________
1898 __________
1897 __________
1896 __________

45,900
49,500
47,200
45,600
45,200

45,799
47,232
48,314
49,378
48,118

1895 __________
1894 __________
1893 __________
1892 __________
189L _________

56,800
61,000
49,700
52,2QO
54,700

46,678
45,523
44,369
43,215

1890 __________
1889 __________
1888 ___ .:. ______
1887 __________
1886 __________

50,200
46,000
47,100
41,000
41,300

1885 __________
1884 __________
1883 __________
1882 __________
188L _________

Number
0
5
29
26
24

1940 ___________
1939 ___________
1938 ___________
1931- __________
1936_. __________

136,800
156,600
154,200
155,700
162,700

12,608
12,450
11 ,517
10,861
9,028

947,148
857,948
772,433
789,853
770,305

29
21,008
21,338
22,650
23,659

1935 ___________
1934 ___________
1933 ___________
1932 ___________
193L __________

177,200
144,500
145,970
146,065
171 ,420

10,650
11,073
11 ,206
11 ,161
13,841

648,337
772,244
533,919
560,417
352,884

21,989
583
669
382
319

1930 ___________
1929 ___________
1928 ___________
1927___________
1926 ___________

237,508
257,727
217,400
174,200
126,500

13,417
17;235
18,457
18,725
15,351

611 ,213
660,363
540,617
586,214
571 ,315

1925 ___________
1924 ___________
1923 ___________
1922 ___________
192L __________

119,106
107,900
98,200
87,600
81,000

15,536
794,206
14,830
513,857
14,224 1,110,291
14,431 1,212 ,451
14,429 1,031,541

1920 ___________
1919 ___________
1918 ___________
1917 ___________
1916 _____ - _____

88,500
89,700
74,300
61,900
68,700

15,782
15,707
16,225
18,065
19,905

1915 ___________
1914 ___________
1913 ___________
1912 ___________
191L __________

71 ,400
71,000
66,900
76,300
68,900

21,744
22,378
23,012
23,647
24,280

1910 ___________
1909 ___________

62,500
55,600

24,916
25,550

ii:oii1:s44

--------_ ...
-------------------

---74:019- ---95j5959,046
51,074

70,066
69,576

---------- ---------40,631
32,594
43,289
26,601

85,928
113,265
129,233
141,021

--------- .. ---------65,086 ----------

---4i:537- --i07:ioo60,854
.47,392

93,800
103,300

536
655
1,107
1,011
1,360

62,546
66,909
44,904
60,339
68,299

112,400
95,900
107,800
116,300
143,600

988
989
1,102
1,363
1,356

49,207
26,430
33,900
12,750
10,035

126,600
116,814
117,100
106,100
102,100

129
1,624
1,436
1,137
673

19,264
14,480
20,167
36,919
29,657

108,900
111 ,345
119,400
105,200
91,900

1,060
1,164
1,426
755
1,155

23,262
20,983
13,517
10,161
12,061

98,900
104,000
108,800
124,200
127,600

1,451
1,131

5,665
16,959

146,200
169,000

1880 __________
18'[9 ________
1878 __________
1877 __________
1876 __________

~_

ATLANTIC COAST CATCH

Menhaden Mackerel
received
164

162
,1,000
fish
------ ...

_--------_ .. -

---------------------_ ...... _------------

1,000
pounds
20,836
24,496
11 ,749

Cod
165
1,000
pounds
146,978,
132,100'
122,900

22,316
19,562
25,560
19,312
34,769

117,240
121,200
137,500
154,506
156,900

584,303
401,426

45,831
13,481
10,047
10,601
35,300

159,600
199,100
156,801
149,500
172,900

461,747
533,362
366,407
223,624
355,139

11 ,975
22,541
25,234
21,963
20,804

196,600
185,200
174,800
184,600
194,400

-------------------------------------

533,686
555,320
439,389
333,565
283,106

8,641
10,524
18,076
33,143
30,000

199,800
205,153
245,275
259,322
264,300

41,500
41,800
42,100 ---------42,300
42,500 ----------

----------------------------

479,214
858,593
613,462
346,639
454,192

123,728
179,279
85,007
142,074
146,871

269,300
274,300
279,400
284,400
289,400

----------

776,875
637,064
767,779
587,642
512",450

131,128
82,725
73,675
50,046
99,283

-------------------

563,327
492,878
397,700

55,949
120,381
82,307

42,800

----------------------- ... -----542:500-

-------------------

---------- --------------_
.... --- --_ ... --------------- ------------------- ----------

1875 __________
1874- _________ ---------1873 __________

---------- ---------------------------- --- --- - ---

Mackerel

Mackerel
YEAR

294,351

----- --------------------------- -------------Mackerel

YEAR

164

164

164

164

164

164

1,000
pounds
80,612
121,340

1848 _______
1841- ______
1846 _______

1,000
pounds
137,347
115,275
82,149

1836 ________

1,000
pounds
79,815

1855 _______ .
1854 _______
1853 _______
1852 _______
185L ______

96,997
61,939
61,020
90,.664
150,671

1845 _______
1844 _______
1843 _______
1842 _______
184L ______

92,580
39,531
29,495
34,571
25,415

1835 ________
1834 ________
1833 ________
' 1832 ________
183L _______

89,146
115,725
102,020
101,800
175,522

1825 ________
1824 ________
1823 ________
1822 ________
182L _______

1,000
pounds
116,414
87,703
66,359
73,354
50,802

1,000

1860 _______
1859 _______
1858 _______
1857 _______
1856 _______

1,000
pounds
107,856
45,632
60,225
77,205
98,076

111,007
95,620

23,107
33,986
50,678
63,224

1830 ________
1829 ________
1828 ________
1827 ________
1826 ________

141,161
103,414
108,605
87,088
72,644

52,920
45,814
21,210
17,098
14,173

1850 _______
1849 _______

1840 _______
1839 _______
1838 _______
1837 _______

1820 ________
1819 ________
1818 ________
1817 ________
1816 ________
1815 ________

7,349

1870 ________
1869 ________
1868 ________
1861- _______
1866 ________

146,554
106,252
81,716
95,697
108,204

1865 ________
1864- _______
1863 ________
1862 ________
186L _______

121,717
126,961
140,466
119,380
88,910

1 Preliminary.
, Includes the catch made off Australia and in the Antarctic. The catch in these
waters, which was made during the season from December to March, is included

128

YEAR

YEAR

YEAR

YEAR

Mackerel

Mackerel

Mackerel
YEAR

1872 ________
187L _______

--- .. ------------------------------------------------------------

UNITED STATES CATCH

Whales
killed

in the year the season opened.


3 Includes 5,096,000 miscellaneous fish.

1814 _________
1813 _________
1812 _________
181L ________

pounds

614
1,719
2,692
7,963

1810 _________
1809 _________
1808 _________
1807 _________
1806 _________

5,744
4,039
3,491
4,258
3,764

1805 _________
1804 _________

3,924
3,597

FISHERIES

Data: F 166-188

Series F 166-J88.-FISHERIES-CATCH OF PRINCIPAL SPECIES BY REGIONS: 1880 TO 1945


l All figures, except value, in thousands of pounds]

NEW ENGLAND STATES

MWDLE ATLANTW 'TAT",

Total
catch

Haddock

Rosefish

Herring,
sea

Cod

Flounder

Lobster

Total
catch

166

167

168

169

170

171

172

173

CHESAPEAKE BAY STATES

0 ysters

Total
catch

Oysters

Crabs

174

175

176

177

306,460
267,391

32,570
29,847

40,822
44,618

202,240
328,155

28,722
35,439

35,783
30,238

1940_____
626,054
141,193
85,142
44,053
82,289
57,572
11,165
355,553
13,984
1939_____
663,866
157,812
77,375
75,188
105,417
45,833
11,312
280,052
11,653
1938_____
631,520
157,935
65,005
21,047
118,385
46,836
11,408
216,858
16,144
1937_____
670,864
169,487
58,356
53,042
134,605
48,202
10,936
264,652
14,617 _
1936
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

320,736
323,653
294,594
292,244
314,095

37,457
36,847
33,412
31,715
30,313

41,816
57,047
55,071
49,115
43,671

1935_____
655,430
194,606
17,157
54,329
120,334
38,734
10,852
279,438
14,811 _
1934 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
1933_____
499,936
160,106
264
48,086
99,632
37,795
9,088
169,754
13,933
1932_____
480,521
150,468
125
38,074
86,276
37,489
10,279
141,221
15,026
193L____
534,680
181,140
237
63,907
92,525
41,838
11,312
151,340
21,546

265,827
289,011
272,380
359,007
285,623

29,901
35,786
25,153
27,890
32,311

41,034
39,797
56,076
61,512
64; 517

1930_____
1929_____

308,158
264,697

36,724
33,138

68,760
60,178

321,324

48,383

29,601

YEAR

1945_ _ __ ___________ ___________ 1131,236 _________________________________________________________________ _


1944-___
713,692
133,065
120,216
83,460
93,756
58,311
17,203
422,,980
13,125
1943 _ __ _
645,591
117,216
114,737
60,148
65,540
66,194
15,651
321,026
12,676
1942_____705,085
137,409
128,090
99,676
65,092
75,313
11,792
319,193
12,106 _
1941
_________ c _____________________________________________________________________________________________

695,304
688,893

264,549
255,851

118
74

82,901
107,223

101,632
86,999

49,165
48,933

12,357
10,322

170,058
164,858

21,516
29,214

(2)

(2)

(2)

____ :~~~~~~_ =========== ____ ~~~~~~ _____ :~~~~~ _____ ~~~:~= _____ ==~~~=_ ---i5S:427- ----24:926- =========== =========== ===:=:==::=
i~~t:==~~ ___ ~~:~::~ _____ :~~~~~_ ==:======== ____ ~=~~=~ _____ :~~=~= _____ ~~~~~~ ______ :~~:~_ ---322:538- ----26:420- ====:=:==:= :=:=:==:=:: ==::=:=====
i~~~===== ___ ~:~~~~=

1925_____ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________

1920 ___________________________________________-____________________________________ -___ w__________ ___________


523,489
52,316
22,700
1919_____460,292
89,853 ___________
97,963
89,076
15,541
10,677 ______________________________________________________ _
512,406
59,544
1908_____
1905_____
461,484
77,633
1904_____ ___________ ___________
1902_____
524,895
48,030
190L____ ___________ ___________

___________
121,700
95,284
9,753
14,734
204,921
23,192
411,145
63,983
45,456
___________
85,886
93,792
5,763
11,524 ______________________________________________________ _
367,919
33,280
419,582
67,431
30,665
___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________
___________
200,598
123,605
4,809
14,756 ______________________________________________________ _
___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________
346,773
32,135
457,845
78,959
21,530

1898_____
394,090
46,767 ___________
66,126
125,441
4,109
14,662 ______________________________________________________ _
217,787
29,12'7
362,598
95,967
15,849
1897_____ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________
1891.____ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________
259,038
30,428
320,819
108,397
10,400
1890 _________________________________________________________________________________ _
1889_____
653,607
45,792 ___________
43,113
164,123
2,951
30,450
1888_____
573,350
46,888 ___________
52,531
196,280_
2,782
27,640
1887_____
520,674
40,806 ___________
42,817
207,458
2,480
28,628
1880 ______________________________ __________________________________________________ _
~

Total catch

Total
catch

Shrimp

Quantity

Value
($1,000)

Pilchard
or
sardine

178

179

180

181

182

1945 ____________
1944 ____________
1943 ____________
1942 ____________
1941. ___________

746,027

1940 ____________
1939 ____________
1938 ____________
1937 ____________
1936 ____ w _ _ _ _ _ _ _

575,533
627,917
621,858
546,751
556,993

29,102
324,824
26,577
37,871 ---2i2~984a 202,832
39,275

412,127

28,397

PACIFIC COAST STATES

SOUTH ATLANTIC AND


GULF STATES
YEAR

293,508
269,737
281,761
219,019

249,931

Salmon

Tuna and
timalike
fishes

Great Lakes
and international lakes
of northern
Minnesota

183

184

185

1 86

Mackerel

111,305

9,469

----82:250-

- -- -(2) -----

74,700

(2)

117,405

(2)

MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND


TRIBUTARIES

Total
catch

Value
($1,000)

187

188

1,428,278
1,675,794
1,453,263
1,374,688
1,813,356

62,694
59,802
57,323
49,244
40,362

849,971
1,147,295
- 997,001
974,680
1,328,378

53,717
83,657
75,262
52,554
78,167

96,249
49,689
49,101
77,730
86,456

183,588
167,136
128,134
118,238
134,566

78,643
75,688 _____________________ _
78,221- _____________________ _
75,247
78,065

1,453,281
1,713,826
1,525,885
1,576,877
1,925,342

29,256
27,417
26,086
28,776
24,882

913,944
1,240,975
1,110,401
1,139,505
1,502,299

120,504
80,909
79,848
60,936
100,542

61,880
74,810
64,236
95,661
64,031

210,173
181,216
144,179
162,649
132,470

79,296
85,235
81,525
83,958
94,277

1935 ____________
124,967
99,450
23,089 1,168,213
146,427
----------- 1,676,236
1934 ____________ ----------- 113,849
97,425
447,914
87,092
119,318 1,546,102
19,950 1,135,959
1933 ____________
70,577
509,805
69,615
106,691
860,161
13,988
--------... - ---- ... -----1932 ____________
63,113
299,917
88,262
12,474
76,088
560,828
312,172
9,484
193L ___________
289,310
59,738
96,451
14,253
133,360
597,307
13,603
300,205
1930 ____________
417,759
104,511
88,118
833,389
16,531
99,615
23,064
449,451
1929 ____________
75,112
514,598
57,975
141,892
108,551 1,034,434
651,802
25,038
1928 ____________
430,834
64,138
115,479
35,262
80,892
705,112
20,513
420,270
1927 ____________
70,935
437,987
4,741"
131,793
98,868
662,513
342,275
22,307
1926 ____________ --- ... ------45,896
3,623
84,563
537,624
18,915
286,741
----------1925 ____________ - ... ----- ---3,522
54,778
139,849
627,025
24,581
315,295
----------1924 ____________
29,365
3,241
101,960
242,686
487,688
20,052
----------1923 ____________ ----------372,209
3,592
39,893
70,822
106,088
415,741
19,042
159,197
1922 ____ _______ ----_ .... ----36,890
2,496
62,684
287,206
93,400
12,984
----------192L ___________
(2)
(2)
(2)
21,560
2,975
59,323
----------- ---- ... -----1920__ __ ____ _ __ _ __ _____ ___ _ __ ___ ___ ___
(2)
(2)
118,521
3,048
(2)
45,685
1919____________ ___________ ___________
(2)
(2)
153,877
2,703
(2)
41,832
1918____________
449,784 -----48,003
(2)
(2)
157,653
4,076
(2)
15,947 _
1917 _______________________
____________________________________________________________
__________
1916 _________________________________________________________________________ ___________ ______ _____ _

90,222
96,411
74,604
83,744
91,727

77,375
92,463
106,679
95,893
88,432

1915____________ ___________ ___________


304,796
9,306
4,390
266
127,438
21,522
1914 __________________________________________________________________________________
__________ _
1913 ___________________________________________________________________________________ " _______________ _

108,948
98,625
68-,309

(2)
(2)

189,024
(2)
(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

150,541
148,070
140,150
141,273
118,109

.~

~------

Preliminary.

Data not available.

94,948
85,389
63,368
81,327
75,300
69,132
78,281
79,109
79,434
83,458

82,383

2,897

_____________________ _
_____________________ _
---i05~734-

-----4:504-

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ ... _ _ _

___

_____________________ _

Exclusion of Virginia catch in James and Potomac Rivers.

129

~t

_____ _

Data: F 166-198

LAND, FORESTRY, AND FISHERIES,

Series F 166-188.-FISHERIES-CATCH OF PRIl'>JCIPAL SPECIES BY REGIOl'.JS: 1880 TO 1945-Con.


[All figures, except value, in thousands of pounds]
SOUTH ATLANTIC AND
GULF STATES

PACIFIC COAST STATES

Total catch

YEAR

1908 _________________________ _
1904 _________________________ _
1903 _________________________ _
1902 _________________________ _

Total
catch

Shrimp

178

179

Quantity

Value
($1,000)

Pilchard
or
sardine

180

181

182

----

Mackerel

Salmon

183

184

Great
Lakes
and international
Tuna and
lakes of
tunalike
northern
fishes
Minnesota

MISSISSIPPI RIVER
AND TRIBUTARIES

186

185

Total
catch

Value
($1,000)

187

188

341
193,056
6,839
4,638
197
85,513
190,615
135
107,469
437
6,681
1,036
16,178 _______________________________________________ '____________ _

106,631
86,195

93,374

1,841

6,279
2,383
168
128,783
392
1899__________________________ __________ __________ 206,911
1897__________________________
135,059
7,419 ___________________________________________________________ _

113,727

96,797

1,781

44,545

1,385

18,562

252,163

---------- ---------195,739

1895 _________________________ _
1894 _____________ ___________ _
1893 _________________________ _
1892 __ ______________________ _
~

135,894

4,473

732

95

78,245

632

108,076

4,827

753

350

47,201

421

_________ _
96,620

1890 _________________________ _
124,014
8,196 ______________________________________________________________ 113,899 ___________________ _
1889 __________________._______ _
112,601
9,047 _________________ '________________________________________________________________________ _
1888 ______________' ___________ _ __________ __________
87,043
4,010
(2)
(2)
(2)
_____________________________ _
(~)

99 , 842

1885 _________________________ _
1880 _________________________ _
2

___________________ I.

64,035

Data not available.

SeriesF 189-192.-FISHERIES-ALASKA CATCH OF FISHERY PRODUCTS AND SALMON:


.
1927 TO 1945
.
[Quantity in thousands of pounds; value in thousands of dollars1
TOTAL CATCH 1
YEAR

SALMON

TOTAL CATCH 1

SALMON

Quantity

Value

Quantity

Value

189

190

191

192

YEAR

Quantity

Value

Qua'ntity

Value

189

190

191

192

1945 __________________
1944 __________________
1943 __________________
1942 __________________
1941 __________ _______

596,052
561,199
594,645
522,179
736,269

22,288
20,414
20,506
17,934
15,039

402,635
393,318
457,307
430,867
543,024

15,564
14,527
14,588
13,398
12,609

1935 __________________
1934 __________________
1933 __________________
1932 __________________
1931 __ '________________

648,710
819,269
630,773
606,520
598,125

9,093
11,958
9,158
7,062
10,043

434,004
624,652
467,349
452,536
467,664

6,970
9,881
7,498
5,766
7,758

1940 __________________
1939 __________________
1938 __________________
1937 __________________
1936 ______ '__________ ~_

563,688
666,397
798,823
834,819
932,343

10,612
11 ,458
12,220
14,717
14,226

439,182
452,166
589,706
593,384
726,853

8,420
9,256
9,943
11 ,877
11,857

1930 __________________
1929 __________________
1928 __________________
1927 __________________

620,702
651,423
699,006
470,022

12,756
17,084
17,797
14,435

426,442
442,602
517,070
300,565

8,041
10,844
12,790
8,702

"'.!liM

Includes salmon.

Series F 193-198.-FISHERIES-LANDINGS AT CERTAIN NEW ENGLAND .PORTS: 1893 TO 1944


[In thousands of pounds
BOSTON
YEAR

GLOUCESTER

PORTLAND

BOSTON

Fresh

Salted

Fresh

Salted

Fresh

Salted

193

194

195

196

197

198

YEAR

1944 1 ____
1943 1____
1942 1 ____
194L ____

151,762
142,968
194,652
299,332

0
7
34
38

188,661
170,099
157,741
148,445

0
0
2,906

17,053
18,289
20,540
25,675

0
0
0
0

1940 _____
1939 _____
1938 _____
1937 _____
1936 _____

252,770
295,346
318,731
324,593
339,223

58
7
14
7
2

96,161
75,661
60.698
44;700
57,063

3,048
3,522
2,311
1,539
2,074

23,429
17,702
18,857
17,121
16,117

0
0
0
12

1935 _____
1934 _____
1933 _____
1932 _____
193L ____

307,367
243,602
232,507
215,528
219,929

5
91
76
91
16

46,932
37,298
18,309
23,444
21,263

4,333
2,832
3,428
1,884
3,587

14,478
16,058
12,709
11,285
18,832

4
35
128
102
58

1930 _____
1929 _____
1928 _____
1927 _____
1926 _____

285,212
255,623
218,354
194,877
167,061

45
99
34
64
257

43,663
49,135
39,407
46,056
49,222

3,69.6
4,745
2,497
6,497
5,679

18,166
17,445
17,536
16,225
15,964

19
49
154
130
243

1925_. ___
1924 _____
1923 _____
1922 _____
192L ____

148,723
130,631
123,982
106,032
104,277

315
q35
253
158
91

42,161
29,263
29,012
30,395
26,747

7,311
6,583
6,018
7,355
6,269

18,133
15,927
15,222
15,762
13,235

226
209
475
172
246

1920 _____
1919 _____

118,302
103,209

257
183

39,113
61,621

7.627
9,749

12,752
21,713

229
6

GLOUCESTER

PORTLAND

Fresh

Salted

Fresh

Salted

Fresh

Salted

193

194

195

196

197

198

1918 _____
1917. ____
1916 _____

109,227
98,155
98,255

249
495
76

62,002
40,062
46,515

12,173
18,073
20,165

1915 _____
19l4 _____
1913 _____
1912 _____
191L ____

97,397
92,231
92,202
100.,157
93,629

502
113
149
143
131

49,678
49,344
41,768
51,264
51,235

24,019
20,901
28,098
31,140
40,157

1910 _____
1909 _____
1908 _____
1907 _____
1906 _____

102,059
92,085
94,713
87,717
89,610

31
491
947
394
83

35,984
32,546
49,883
64,058
46,908

43,661
47,980
35,922
39,403
33,801 ----------

1905 _____
1904 _____
1903 _____
1902 _____
190L ____

101,085
81,183
78,383
77,608
56,855

222
911
1,883
1,365
2,137

68,450
44,588
33,059
39,615
39,584

35,130
44,484
44,167
49,366
52,589

1900 _____
1899 _____
1898 _____
1897. ____
1896 _____

63,648
63,450
53,494
62,704
61,820

3,173
1,274
1,186
199
1,256

43,535
63,824
54,387
32,960
21,925

51,863 ---------- ---------48,226 ---------- --- ------34,337 ---------- ---------31,002 ---------- ---------45,673
----- ...

1895 _____
1894 _____
1893 _____

73,612
86,129
66,518

195
1,335
1,077

26,065
34,990
29.478

50,567 ---------44,661 ---------45,323 ----------

21,795
18,566
20,551

55
79
262

---------- ------------------- ------------------- ------------------- ------------------- ------------------- ------------------- ---------------- --- ---------------- --- ----------

-------------------

--------------------- -------

---------- ----------

---------- ------------------- ----------

----------

_---

-----~----

-------------------

1 Receipts of salt fish from the treaty coasts of Newfoundland, Magdalen Islands, and Labrador, which are received in this country as products of American fisheries.
have been omitted from the landings for the years following 1941.

130

Data: F 199-215

FISHERIES

Series F 199.-FISHERIES-PRODUCTION OF FROZEN FISH, UNITED STATES: 1920 TO 1945


[In thousands of pounds. Data for 1926 and 1927 are not available]

196,155

199

199

199 .

286,001
266,537
246,053
247,165
246,588

1940 ___________________ _

YEAR

YEAR

YEAR

199

1945 ___________________ _
1944 ________ .______ ._____ _
1943 ___________________ _
1942 ___________________ _
1941 ___________________ _

Quantity

Quantity

Quantity

Quantity
YEAR

1939 __________________ _
1938 __________________ _
1937 __________________ _
1936 __________________ _

183,408
186,096
168,224
179,274

1935 __________________ _
1934 __________________ _

149,643
133,494

1933 ____________________ _
1932 ____________________ _
1931 ____________________ _

95,874
92,472
112,257

1930 ____________________ _
1929 ____________________ _
1928 ____________________ _

139,297
121,543
113,638

1925 __________________ _
1924 ________________ __
1923 _____ ____________ _
1922 __________________ _
1921 __________________ _

91,165
97,324
91,549
75,154
80,737

1920 ________________ ~ __

92,260

Series F 200-211.-FISHERIES-PRODUCTION OF CANNED FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1921 TO 1945


TOTAL
YEAR

SALMON

Standard
cases

Value

Standard
cases

Value

200

201

202

203

Standard
cases

Standard
cases

Value

204

TUNA AND
TUNALIKE FISHES

SARDINES
(SEA HERRING)

PILCHARD

205

206

SHELLFISH

Value

Standard
cases

Value

Standard
cases

Value

207

208

209

210

211

1945 ____
1944-.. __
1943 ____
1942 ____
194L ___

18,555,183 $152,800,571 4,908,240 $52,586,405 3,765,981 $15,346,472 2,513,751 $11,520,387 4,531,565 $47,407,451 1,460,478 $13,957,356
18,520,653 152,914,237 5,138,647 56,383,276 3,650,919 15,225,919 3,035,825 14,223,706 3,560,020 40,836,117 1,348,588 13,642,807
16,716,182 141,188,792 5,704,207 62,935,114 3,354,697 14,352,359 2,353,273 10,686,471 2,696,073 31,430,189 1,346,"474 13,368,823
18,077,312 144,996,947 5,835,006 61,974,177 3,744,624 15,509,964 2,720,126 11,691,981 2,484,749 30,742,493 1,873,131 16,739,658
23,555,321 138,684,157 7,831,629 67,416,918 5,007,154 18,091,873 3,131,276 12,475,991 2,931,581 19,397,887 2,041,020 12,499,427

1940 ____
1939 ____
1938 ____
1937 ____
1936 ____

18,909,348
19,487,083
17,004,379
19,530,809
20,097,976

94,181,941
96,627,550
83,445,889
105,174,935
94,564,254

1935 ____
1934- ___
1933 ___ ~
1932 ____
193L ___

17,435,076
17,378,902
13,116,968
10,494,606
12,580,826

74,999,034
80,021,342
59,799,963
43,749,182
62,948,791

6,027,895
8,383,036
6,362,465
5,908,969
6,740,045

32,475,266
45,817,897
36,241,917
26,460,080
38,083,176

2,420,055
1,970,047
1,539,446
953,981
1,713,407

1930 ____
1929 ____
1928 ____
192L ___
1926 ____

14,767,186
17,310,238
15,629,980
12,281,658
(1)

82,858,261
101,065,055
95,871,855
81,384,133
86,193,240

6,086,479
6,990,682
6,926,806
5,076,579
7,488,620

42,835,953
56,085,697
54,638,143
45,728,761
56,219,306

2,979,333
3,831,215
2,771 ,527
2,563,146
2,093,278

8,741,928
11 ,996 ,997
9,658,822
9,268,784
7,807,404

1925 ____
1924 ____
1923 ____
1922_ .. __
192L ___

(1)
(I)
(I)
(1)
(I)

80,577,138
72,164,589
72,445,205.
60,464,947
46,634,706

6,018,550
6,253,577
6,.402,960
5,234,898
3,599,774

47,369,507 1,714,913
42,401,602 1,367,139
45,533,573 1,100,162
38,420,717
715,364
28,867,169
398,668

6,380,617
5,445,573
4,607,931
3,361,480
2,346,446

1,117,748
2,210,466
671 ,635
1,680,241
1,845,860

3,736,394
7,075,096
2,367,045
4,998,373
5,740,454

4,188,460
3,642,951
2,754,143
3,144,501
2,680,734

23,727,560
20,079,567
15,183,636
18,995,779
14,715,391

2,237,425
2,394,075
2,012,525
2,345,986
1,909.,891

11 ,330 ,833
12,198,952
10,459,986
13,662,673
10,282,012

6,237,262 1,655,839
5,481,391 1,142,730
3,805,168
980,906
2,358,399
545,697
4,715,089
885,408

5,142,750
3,315,190
2,397,348
1,370,050
2,647,187

2,510,828
1,966,943
1,443,133
1,206,177
1,216,976

12,823,729
10,009,542
6,934,485
6,183,019
7,279,392

2,312,997
2,147,134
1,673,582
1,533,305
1,644,236

9,895,391
9,460,702
6,636,555
5,567,513
7,373,051

1,399,212
2,025,801
2,055,763
1,262,124
1,717,537

4,459,071
6,897,946
8,076,546
5,249,030
6,727,388

2,010,640
1,504,306
1,216,222
1,255,818
851,199

13 ;055 ,876
9,875,453
8,374,030
8,368,227
5,282,283

1,796,388
1,998,645
1,898,013
1,829,826

9,745,923
11 ,024,043
10,739,246
10,526,028
(2)

1,870,786
1,899,925
1,272,277
1,869,719
1,399,507

6,716,701 1,102,471
7,191,026
653,416
817,836
5,288,865
5,750,109
672,321
549,150
3,960,916

8,499,080
5,756,586
6,914,760
4,511 ,873
3,074,626

5,605,006 38,049,668 2,945,882


5,992,104 41,780,849 3,108,082
7,279,719 . 42,365,789 2,261,678
7,555,037 52,933,934 2,812,456
8,965,177 50,061,071 2,616,530

8,975,257
9,553,663
7,102,358
8,592,117
7,302,273

Complete data not available.

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(I)
(2)
(')
(I)
(2)

(2)
(2)

Not enumerated separately prior to 1927.

Series F 212-215.-FISHERIES-PRODUCTION OF FISH SCRAP AND MEAL, AND FISH AND


MARINE OILS, UNITED STATES: 1921 TO 1945
[In tons of 2,000 pounds; in U. S. standard gallons]
FISH SCRAP AND MEAL I
YEAR

1945 ___________________
1944 ___________________
1943 ___________________
1942 ___________________
1941 ___________ _______
~

Tons

Value

Gallons

Value

212

213

214

215

199,118 $14,343,138
210,225 15,131,918
188,848 13,570,331
168,486 11 ,545 ,239
225,815 12,852,781

FISH SCRAP AND MEAL 1

FISH AND MARINE OILS

24,501,852 $27,235,722
28,322,975 31,008,781
23,116,216 29,812,854
20,579,104 22,579,602
29,283,627 29,,594,214

YEAR

177,724
210,249
183,402
188,057
220,296

7,612,288
8,827,747
6,999,227
6,943,411
7,336,783

24,815,538
35,752,113
35,140,135
35,634,669
39,901,818

12,025,178
14,697,069
13,526,015
16,355,752
15 ,32R ,466

1935 ___________________
1934 ___________________
1933 ___________________

182,513
175,373
120,510

5,186,347
5,705,652
3,704,016

31,925,660
29,965,452
17,742,222

13,149,118
6,385,309
2,624,519

Tons

Value

Gallons

Value

212

213

214

215

1932 __________________
193L _________________

94,897
75,412

$2,333,614
2,850,002

12,195,325
8,565,651

$1,392,255
1,619,936

_________________
1929 __________________
1928 ___________ ______
1927 __________________
1926 __________________

113,126
119,592
84,491
71 ,882
69,421

5,693,434
6,178,818
4,850,905
3,754,492
3,102,873

14,704,784
15,353,057
12,145,577
10,874,113
10,888,046

.4,200,064
6,801,619
5,149,618
4,905,021
5,027,491

1925 __________________
1924 __________________
1923 __________________
1922 __________________
192L _________ ~ _______

76,599
56,888
68,950
93,411
62,469

3,548,584
2,417,014
3,348,515
3,780,360
2,651,502

13,287,076
9,211,295
11 ,373,801
10,535,473
7,446,281

6,500,191
4,311,733
5,104,194
4,230,760
2,078,670

1930~

1940 ___________________
1939 ___________________
1938 ___________________
1937 _____________ .: _____
1936 ___________________

FISH AND MARINE OILS

Does not include the oroduction of acid scrap.

131

LAND, FORESTRY; AND FISHERIES

Data: F 216-219

Series F

216-217.-FISHERIES-SPOt~GES,

SALES AT THE TARPON


EXCHANGE: 1913 TO 1945

YEAR

Pounds
sold

Value

216

217

1945 __________
1944 __________
1943 __________
1942 __________
194L _________

203,447 $2,716,374
186,027 2,551,863
217,355 2,305,079
184,280 1,700,247
201,126 1,364,870

1940 __________
1939 __________
1938 __________
1937 __________

232,164
423,682
530,183
561,943

847,210
1,Q35,554

952,258
1,097,301

YEAR

Pounds
sold

Value

216

217

1936 __________

628,226 1,035,429

1935 __________
1934 __________
1933 __________
1932 __________
193L _________

388,888
499,635
373,178
430,641
386,219

620,156
670,533
420,481
517,655
609,773

1930 __________
1929 __________

475,294
413,763

802,938
706,645

SPRIt~GS

Pounds
sold

Value

216

217

1928 __________
1927 __________
1926 __________

451,034
474,200
423,061

$729,918
865,510
666,093

1925 __________
1924 __________
1923 __________
1922 __________
192L _________

494,183
508,954
519,582
556,097
404,729

715,097
714,761
734,391
699,089
540,093

YEAR

(FLORIDA) SPONGE

Pounds
sold

YEAR

1920 __________
1919 __________
1918 __________
1911- _________
1916 __________
1915 __________
1914 __________

1913 __________

Value

216

217

412,597
456,558
355,695
487,943
(1)

678,209
707,964
592,778
870,135
(I)

(1)

(1)

468,457
513,434

565,778
684,919

Data not available.

Series F 218-219.-FISHERIES-SEALS, PRIBILOF ISLANDS SEAL HERD: 1910 TO 1945


YEAR

Animals
. in herd

Sealskins
obtained

218

219

1945 __________ 3,155,268


1944 __________ 2,945,663
1943 __________ 2,720,780
1942 __________ 2,585;397
1941 __________ 2 ;'338 ,312
1940 __________
1939 __________
1938 __________
1937 __________
193B-. -------

132

2,185,136
2,020,774
1,872,438
1,839,119
1,689,743

76,964
47,652
117,164
150
95,013
65,263
60,473
58,364
55,180
52,446

YEAR

1935 __________
1934~ _________
1933 __________
1932 __________
193L _________

Animals
in herd

Sealskins
obtained

218

219

YEAR

1,550,913
1,430,418
1,318,568
1,219,961
1,127,082

57,296
53,470
54,550
49,336
49,524

1925 __________
1924 __________
1923 __ _______
1922 __________
192L _________

1930 __________ 1,045,101


1929 __________
971 ,527
1928 __________ 871 ,513
1921-_________ 808,870
1926 __________
761,218

42,500
40,068.
31,099
24,942
22,131

1920 __________
1919 __________
1918 __________
1917 __________

Animals
in herd

Sealskins
obtained

218

219

723,050
697,158
653,008
604,962
581,443

19,860
17,219
15,920
31,156.
23 \ 681

552,718
524,235.
496,432
468,692

26;648
27,821
34,890
8,170

YEAR

Animals
in herd

Sealskins
obtained

218

219

1916 __________

417,281

6,468

1915 __________
1914- _________
1913 __________
1912 __________
191L _________

363,872
294,687
268,305
215,738
123,600

3,947
2,735
2,406
3,191
12,138

1910 ______ .: ___

132,279

12.964

Chapter G. Minerals and Power (Series G 1-233)


Mining and Minerals: Series G 1-158

FUELS (G 13-64)

G 13-18. Bituminous and anthracite coal production and value,


G 1-158. General note. All data for these series were provided by 1807-1945. SOURCE: See detailed listings below. See also series
the Bureau of Mines of the United States Department of the In- G 154-155 which give total production, bituminous and anthraterior, with the exception of data shown for series G 6-12. The cite combined, and tonnage per man-hour.
Bureau of Mines cites for principal reference two annual publiG 13-15. Bituminous coal: Production, 1807-1945; value, 1890cations: Mineral Resources of the United States, published annually 1945. SOURCE: See general note, series G 1-158. For production
for the period 1882 to 1931; and Minerals Yearbook, published data from 1807-20 to 1889, see Mineral Resources of the United
annually for the period 1932-33 to 1946. These volumes were States, 1923, part II, table 22, p. 549. For production and value
prepared and issued by the United States Geological Survey from data from 1890 to 1945, see Minerals Yearbook, 1946, p. 286. Data
1882 to 1923 and by the Bureau of Mines from 1924 to 1945.
for 1945 are preliminary and are derived from records of the
In the instance of series G 65-130, the descriptive term "pro_ Bureau of Mines.
Production figures include the small output of anthracite and
duction" must be interpreted with caution. In early years, "pro-.
semi
anthracite produced outside of Pennsylvania, and the production" was used loosely; later, it was superseded by a more
precise statement of the means of measuring production, such as duction of lignite; they exclude data from small mines having an
"shipments," "sales," or "sold or used by producers." Since only output of less than 1,000 tons per year that sell their output by
a limited number of series can be presented in this volume of his- wagon or truck.' In 1944, according to incomplete figures, there
torical statistics, that series has been selected, for each mineral, were 1,821 small mines' producing less than 1,000 tons per year,
which provides reasonably comparable "production" data as far with. a total production of 756,307 net tons (see Minerals
back in time as possible, and for which value data are also avail- Yearbook, 1945, p. 906). Prior to 1890, for years other than census
able. Also, the presentation of "production" data for early years ;years, production figures were not compiled on the basis of direct
and "shipments" or "sales" data for recent years does not mean returns from operators. The method of compiling figures during
necessarily that a "production" ser~es is not available for recent these prior years is described as follows on page 11 of Mineral Reperiods. Instead, it usually means that the figures labelled "pro- sources, 1883-1884: "The coal statistics of this volume have been
duction" in early yeats are more comparable with the more recent drawn from various sources, including the reports of agents and
"shipments" or "sales" data than they are with the modern "pro- correspondents of this office, the transportation records of the railroad companies, reports of State Mine Inspectors and of State
duction" series, as such.
Geological Surveys, etc." Since 1890 production figures have been
VALUE OF MINERALS AND PRODUCTIONiINDEXES (G 1-12)
compiled on the basis of detailed annual reports furnished by the
G 1-5. Value of mineral products of the United States, 1880- producers. Data for a small percentage of the output, consisting
1945. SOURCE: For general reference see general note above (series chiefly of that of small mines, are obtained from the records of the
G 1-158); see also Minerals Yearbook, 1945, "Statistical Summary State Mine Departments or from railroad carloadings.
Value data represent dollars received or charged for coal Lo.b.
of Mineral Production," p. 33. Total values represent summarizations of data given in commodity chapters of Mineral Resources the mines. The value of coal not sold but used by the producer
has been estimated' at average prices that might have been re. of the United States andMinerals Yearbook. As far as is practicable,
the value of minerals produced is expressed in their first market- ceived if sold commercially, Value figures for 1890 to 1936 incluable form or in the stage of production thought best to represent sive, and 1939, exclude selling expense. Figures for other years
the mineral industry. Duplication has been eliminated wherever include selling expense.
G 16-18. Anthracite coal: Production, 1807-1945; value, 1890feasible. Because of the absence of major changes, data are considered comparable for' all years. The sour~e volumes should be 1945. SOURCE: See general note, series G 1-158. For production
data from 1807-20 to 1889, see Mineral Resources of the United
consulted for discussion of minor changes and other detail.
States, 1923, part II, table 22, p. 545. For production, and value
G 6-8. Indexes of mineral production, 1919-1945. Base: 1935- data from 1890 to 1945, see Minerals Yearbook, 1945, pp. 947, 948.
1939 average = 100. SOURCE: Board of Governors of the Federal
Pennsylvania anthracite includes all nonbituminous coal mined
Reserve System. For 1919-1942, see Federal Reserve Index of In- in Pennsylvania, including that from deep mines, strip pits, and
dustrial Production, October 1943, pp. 43-44 and 98-100; for 1943, culm banks, and river or creek coal recovered from the streams
see Federal Reserve Bulletin, April 1944, p. 385; for 1944-1945, see draining the anthracite fields. Coal purchased by legitimate operFederal Reserve Bulletin, April 1946, p. 423. For a brief description ators from "bootleg" mines has been included since 1941. Also,
of the method of constructing this index, see text for series J 30-48. for purposes of historical comparison, the statistics include the outG 9-12. Indexes of physical output in mining, 1899-1939. Base: put of the Bernice Basin in Sullivan County, Pa., although coal of
1899=100. SOURCE: Barger, Harold, and Schurr, Sam H., The this Basin has been officially classified as semi anthracite according
Mining Industries, 1899-1939: A Study of Output, Employment and to the American Society For Testing Materials Tentative Standard.
Productivity, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, Anthracite statistics are prepared from an annual canvass by mail
1944, p. 14. Indexes were constructed by combining data on phys- of all known legitimate anthracite operations that are active proical output "of as many minerals as possible," with values as ducers. More than 95 percent of the tonnage is reported directly,
weights. For the period since 1919, the indexes cover the output of and the remainder is collected by personal visits or from reliable
more than 99 percent of all minerals for which value data are collateral evidence.
G 19-32. Bituminous coal and lignite mining, 1890--1945.
available. Data do not include smelting and refining of metals, the
coking of coal, the refining of crude oil, the production of cement, SOURCES: Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, 1946, p. 286. Series
G 13a comprises a segment of series G 13 (bituminous production) ,
the calcining of gypsum, and the cutting of dimension stone.
133

Text: G 19-64

MINERALS AND POWER

repeated here for convenience in reference. See also general note I


G 40. Net tons cut by machiues, 1911-1945. SOURCE: SarneasfOi
series G 33-42. Data were first collected on this item in 1911.
for series G 1-158, above.
G 19. Men employed, 1890-1945. SOURCE: See Minerals YearG 41. Net tons produced by stripping, 1915-1945. SOURCE:
book, 1946, p. 286. Data represent average number of workers em- Same as for series G 33-42. Data were first collected on this item
ployed. Figures are reasonably comparable for the entire period, in 1915.
although slight variations have occurred in the wording of the
G 42. Net tons loaded mechanically underground, 1927-1945.
SOURCE: Same as for series G 33-42. Data were first collected on
questionnaire on employment sent to coal-mine operators.
this item in 1929; the figures for 1927 and 1928 were reported by
G 20. Number of mines, 1895-1945. SOURCE: Same as for series
G 19. Data include all mines producing 1,000 tons per year and the Department of Mines of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
over. For figures for small mines, based on incomplete information,
G 43-56. Coke industry, 1880-1945. SOURCE: Minerals Yearsee Minerals Yearbook, 1945, p. 906.
book, 1945, pp. 968-969. Also see general note, series G 1-158.
Coke production Of coal carbonization is a process of modifying a
G 21-23. Calculated capacity, 1890-1945. SOURCE: Same as for
series G 19. Potential annual output is derived by applYing the crude raw fuel into special purpose fuels and extracting valuable
average output per day worked to the number of "potential" coal chemical materials before they are destroyed in the burning.
workdays. A total of 308 days represents the maximum number of Data include only coke made by high-temperature carbonization
work days; 280 "potential" days was suggested by the coal com- of coal in byproduct and beehive ovens.
The principal application of coke is in the manufacture of pig
mittee of the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical
iron. Usually about 70 percent of the total output of coke is conEngineers; 261 days is the 'annual equivalent for the 5-day week.
sumed in blast furnaces and iron foundries, 20 percent for domestic
G 24. Average number of days worked, 1890-1945. SOURCE:
and 10 percent for other industrial purposes such as nonheating,
Minerals Yearbook, 1946, p. 287. These figures were obtained by
. ferrous smelting, manufacturing producer-gas and water-gas,
dividing the total man-:-days by the number of men employed.
chemical processes and other miscellaneous uses. However, these
G 2&-.-Z6. Average Jlumber of days lost on account of strikes,
percentages are subject to wide variations depending on the de~899-1945. SOPR,CE: Same as for series G 24. These figures were obmand for coke from the iron and steel industry.
tained by dividing the total man-:days lost by the number of men
The term "value"as applied to coke means the value at ovens"
employed',. ~ndby the number of men on strike.
Over 61 percent of the byproduct coke now produced is made in '
G 27-28. Net tons per man, 1890-1945. SOURCE: Same as for
ovens operated by corporations which mine the coal they use and
series G 24. Net tons per man per day represents the total man- operate blast furnaces that consume the bulk of the output of their
days divided by the total production. Net tons per man per year ovens.
represents the total production divided by the number of men
Value of tar in all byproducts (series G 56) for 1906 through
employed.
1917 represents value of tar "obtained and sold" and does not
G 29-30. Percent of underground production : Cut by machines,
always include value of tar used by producer. Beginning with
1891-1945; percent .mechanically loaded, 1923-1945. SOURCE: 1918, tar used by producer is specifically included. The value of
Same as for series G 24. Percentages for production cut by machines breeze produced at byproduct plants is included for those years
for the years 1890 to 1913, inclusive, are of total production; a for which it was reported, namely 1916, 1917, and 1919-1945. For
separation of strip mine and underground production is not avail- other byproducts, only value of those sold is included. Value of
able for those years.
breeze: produced at beehive plants is not included as it has usually
G 31-32. Percent of total production mechanically cleaned,
been much less than a million dollars.
1906-1945, and percent mined by stripping, 1914-1945. SOURCE:
G 57-58. Petroleum production, 1859-1945. SOURCE: See genSame as for series G 24. For the years 1906 to 1926, inclusive, the eral note, series G 1-158; see also annual volumes of Minerals
percentages of underground production mechanically cleaned are Yearbook as follows: For data for 1859-1935, see 1937 volume, p.
exclusive of coal cleaned at central washeries operated by con- 1008; for 1936, see 1940 volume, p. 954; for 1937-1940, see 1941
sumers; after 1926, when data became available on the tonnage volurne,p. 1031; for 1941-1944, see 1945 volume,p. 1052; for
cleaned by consumer-operated plants, the percentages include the 1945, see 1946 volume, p. 880. Petroleum data are obtained from
total tons cleaned at the mines and at consumer-operated monthly reports from pipe-line companies accounting for crude
washeries.
removed from leases and supplemented by data covering changes
G 33-42. Peimsylvania anthracite industry, 1890-1945. SOURCE:
in crude stocks on leases and crude oil checked as fuel in production
Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, 1945, pp 947-948. Also see operations. In addition, a check is made of crude oil shipped from
series G 16-18. Series G 16a, shown here, comprises a segment of leases by tank car ortruck. To determine the average value at the
series G 16, repeated here for convenience in reference.
well, an annual canvass is made of the principal producers and pipe
G 33-34. Foreign trade, 1890-1945. SOURCE: Minerals Yearlines by States of origin.
book, 1945, pp. 947-948. Data on exports and imports obtained
G 59-64. Natural gas and natural gasoline, 1906-1945. SOURCE:
from United States Department of Commerce. For figures for inSee general note, series G 1-158, and detailed listings below.
dividual countries, and for years prior to 1890, see annual volumes
G 59-61. Natural gas production, 1906-1945. SOURCE: See genof Foreign Commerce and Navigation, Immigration, and Tonnage.
eral
note, series G 1-158; see also annual volumes of Minerals
Canada is the largest anthracite export market.
Yearbook as follows: For data for 1906 -1935, see 1937 volume, p.
G 35. Consumption, calculated, 1890-1945. SOURCE: Same as
1062; for 1936-1940, see 1941 volume, p. 1120; for 1941-1944, see
for series G 33-42. Figures on consumption prior to ] 913 take no
account of producers' stocks, there being no data available for this 1945 volume, pp. 1153 and 1160; for 1945, see 1946 volume, p. 812.
Figures shown for production represent essentially the amount of
item.
gas usefully consumed and have been termed "marketed producG 36-37. Employment, 1890-1945. SOURCE: Same as for series
tion." These figures do not measure the total volume of gas withG 33-42. Number of men employed includes workers from strippit and dredge operations; Men working in "bootleg" or illicit drawn from natural reservoirs since they take no account of losses
coal mining are not included. For "bootleg" employment estimates, and waste.
G 62-64. Natural gasoline production, 1911-1945. SOURCE! See
1941-1945, see Minerals Yearbook, 1945, p. 933.
above for series G 1-158; see also annual volumes of Minerals YearG 38-39. Average tons per man, 1890-1945. SOURCE: Same as
for series G 33-42. Output per man per day based on legitimate book as follows: For data for 1911-1935, see 1937 volume, p. 1097;
for 1936-1938, see 1940 volume, p. 1084; for 1939-1940, see 1941
(as against "bootleg") production only.
134

MINING AND MINERALS

Text: G 62-78

volume, p. 1156; for 1941-1944, see 1945 volume, p. 1183; for 1945,
see 1946 volume, p. 836.
Figures include only natural gasoline and cycle products; they
exclude liquified petroleum gases. Figures shown for, series G 64
for 1941-1945 were obtained from records of the Bureau of Mines.
Average per gallon data for these years shown in the source volumes
include liquified petroleum gases and therefore differ from those
shown here.

time the quantities of lime produced and used by soda ash manufacturers were included in sales, but this irregularity does not
disturb the series noticeably.
G 71-72. Sand and gravel sold or used, 1902-1945. SOURCE: See
general note, series G 1-158. Data for 1902 cover only a portion of
the industry. In 1904, an attempt was made to include most producers of sand; and in 1905, both sand and gravel were included.
In the Minerals Yearbook, separate figures are shown for the
quantity and value of gravel, and the various kinds of sand. Sel:'
N ONMET ALS (G 65-92)
also Bureau of Mines, Information Circular No. 7203, 1942, "DeG 65-76. Production of nonmetal building materials, 1880- velopment of the Sand and Gravel Industry."
1945. SOURCE: See general note, series G 1-158; see also detailed
G 73-74. Slate products sold or used: Quantity, 1912-1945;
listings below.
value, 1880-1945. SOURCE: For 1880-1913, see United States GeoG 65-66. Cement shipments, 1880-1945. SOURCE: See general logical Survey, Bulletin 586, p. 200; for 1914-1931, see annual
note, series G 1-158. Figures for 1880-1890 are estimates, believed volumes of Mineral Resources of the United States; for 1932-1945,
to be substantially correct. Since 1890, figures result from an annual see annual volumes of Minerals Yearbook. See also general note,
canvass of the industry. Beginning with 1912, data are based on series G 1-158. Figures for 1880 and 1889 were based on census
shipments; prior to 1912, data covered production. Three types of data. Figures for 1881 to 1883 are largely estimated; those for
cement are included: Natural cement, portland <lement, and puz- 1884 to 1888 are considered fairly reliable. Beginning with 1891,
zolan cement, From 1880 through. 1895 only production of natural data -are compiled from direct reports of the quarry operators to
and portland cements was reported. Figures on puzzo Ian cement the Geological Survey and, after 1925, to the Bureau of Mines.
were first collected in 1896. Thereafter data include all three types
G 75-76. Stone sold or used by producers: Quantity, 1916-1945;
of cement. Weight per barrel of the three kinds of cement has
value, 1880-1945. SOURCE: See general note, series G 1~158. For
varied; therefore the total in barrels is not exactly comparable for 1880 to 1915, see Mineral Resources of the United States, 1916,
a number of years. The weight per barrel of portland cement part II, p. 995; for 1916-1943, see Minerals Yearbook, 1943, pp.
rangedJrom 400 pounds in 1882 to 376 pounds in 1916;. barrels of 1284, 1299; for 1944 and 1945, see Minerals Yearbook, 1945, p.
natural cem~nt ranged fro~ 300 pounds in 1882 to 240 pounds in 1273. Data represent quantities used or sold by producers; values
1891 and 376 pounds in 1921; barrels of puzzolan cement like-mse are f.o.b. quarries and mills. The data include marble, granite,
varied. Since 1921, however, the output of all types of cement has limestone; dolomite, basalt, sandstone, and "miscellaneous stone"
been repo:r:ted in barrels of 376 pounds.
such as light-color volcanic rocks, schists, serpentine, and flint.
G 67-68. Gypsum production, 1880-1945. SOURCE: See general The statistics combine both "dimension stone" and "crushed and
note, series G 1-158. For 1880-1930, see annual volumes of Min- broken stone." The data, however, do not include stone made into
eral Resources of the United States as follows: For data for 1880~ abrasives (such as grindstones) or that used in making lime and
1888, see 1895-96 volume, part III, p. 981; for 1889-1914, see 1914 cement.
G 77-86. Nonmetals: Chemical materials, 1880-1945. SOURCE:
volume, p. 261; for 1915-1919, see 1919 volume, p. 99; for 19201927, see 1928 volume, part II, p. 157; for 1928-1930, see 1930 See general note, series G 1-158, and detailed listings below.
volume, part II, p. 880. For 1931-1945, see the following annual
G 77-78. Barite sold or used by producers, 1880-1945. SOURCE;
volumes of Minerals Yearbook: For 1931-1933, see 1934 volume, See general note, series G 1-158. In general, the quantities and
p. 852; for 1934-1936, see 1937 volume, p. 1229; for 1937-1939, see
values given are for barite at mine, washer, or beneficiating plant.
1940 volume, p. 1229; for 1940, see 1941 volume, p. 1293; for 1941- Data prior to 1885 are estimates based on correspondence with
1945, see 1945 volume, p. 1314.
grinders. Beginning in 1886, questionnaires were sent to all known
Tonnages of gypsum represent crude gypsum mined and ready producers.
for use. Coverage of producers is believed to be virtually comA consistent attempt was made by the earlier barite statisticians
plete, except for the first few years.
to segregate lump material from ground material, since the latter
Value data shown have little bearing on the quantity of crude was always made from lump. The terminology "crude" was theregypsum mined since values represent finished gypsum products fore adopted for lump barite, although it was fairly pure an~ resold including plaster, board, and tile. Furthermore, since 1928, quired no dressing or beneficiation, and this term will- be found in
values include gypsum made from foreign gypsum. Production the Mineral Resources and M inerals Yearbook series until 1944.
data do not include byproduct gypsum from phosphate and other However, special cases began to arise. In California a true crude
-chemical works; however, the value of such material used in was mined which required beneficiation, finally emerging as ground
gypsum products is included in the value data for 1928-1945.
barite. In this case the ground equivalent of the crude was included
G 69-70. Lime sold by producers, 1880-1945. SOURCE: See in the other crude production. In 1941 the tremendous deposits at
general note, series G 1-158. Data include both quick and hy- Malvern, Ark., were opened, and another difficult reporting situdrated lime. The lime production and value figures for the period ation arose. Here the crude was but little more than 50 percent
1880-1890 are obviously much too large and are not considered barite, and required flotation; it was sold as ground barite. The
reliable. Earlier values were obtained mostly from trade quota- same solution was applied, i. e., the ground tonnage was included
tions applied rather indiscriminately to -shipments, and possibly in the "crude" total. By 1944, however, the Arkansas volume was
included the cost of cooperage and some freight. Values after 1894 so large that the term "crude" was modified in the statistical
tables of the Minerals Yearbook. Since that time mine output of
are definitely based on bulk lime at the kiln.
Since lime is a semiperishable commodity, only small quantities commercial grade barite of whatever form has appeared under the
are stocked at the kiln, and sales may be taken as equivalent to appellation "crude (primary) barite." In statistical releases of the
production of "open-market" lime, that is, lime shipped for uses Bureau of Mines published in 1946 and 1947, both modifying adother than in the pToducer's own plant. Lime burned for consump- jectives have been dropped wherever possible, and production of
tion by the producer (captive tonnage) is excluded -mth the ex- barite in any form is reported simply as "barite" with due regard
ception of small quantities (generally about 10 percent of total to the elimination of duplication. True values of crushed or ground
lime sold) which are included to complete the coverage of lime barite so included were not used; instead an estimated value of an
-shipped to certain specified uses. This method of reporting pro- identical tonnage of lump barite was substituted. Values on the
-duction has prevailed since 1921. In certain years prior to that whole tend to be lower than trade quotations at any given time,
135

Text: G 77-115

MINERALS AND POWER

because there is considerable jobbing activity in the industry, and I I ron and Steel, 1884, p. 451; and those for 1882 to 1888, inclusive,
are estimates made by James M. Swank which appeared originally
the statistics reflect the value of the first sale only.
G 79-80. Feldspar sold or used by producers, 1880-1945. in volumes of Mineral Resources for the years 1882 to 1888.
G 96-98. Pig iron, production, shipments, and value, 1810--1945.
SOURCE: See general note, series G 1-158. Although the production
of feldspar was initiated in the 1860's, no official figures of total SOURCE: See general note, series G 1-158. Shipments data do not
output are available before 1880. Data for 1880-1886 represent include ferro-alloys made in blast furnaces. The following reference
estimates; beginning with 1887, figures were compiled from annual appears in Mineral Resources, 1910, part I, p. 93, with respect to
canvasses of the producers by the Geological Survey and later by production data for the period 1810-1910: "The statistics for 1854
the Bureau of Mines. Feldspar data prior to 1915 represent the total and all succeeding years were collected by the American Iron and
sales of both crude and ground feldspar as sold by the producer. Steel Association; those for 1810, 1840, and 1850 are census figures;
The value of the feldspar was taken as the value of the first sale. those for the other years are largely estimates by early statistiThis combination of crude and ground values in the earlier years cians." Data shown in Mineral Resources, 1910, in long tons were
gives a somewhat distorted view of the relative importance of the converted to short tons for presentation here.
G 99-101. Ferrowalloys, production, shipments, and value, 1910values per unit of quantity, but the figures shown nevertheless indicate the general trend of output during that period. From 1915 1945. SOURCE: See general note, series G 1-158.
G 102-103. Mercury production, 1850-1945. SOURCE: See genthrough 1920, the value for the tonnage of ground feldspar in each
State was recalculated at the average value of the crude feldspar eral note, series G 1-158. Data are on basis of flasks containing
sold in that State and a value of the total spar at the average value 76.5 pounds net avoirdupois prior to June 1904, 75 pounds from
for crude was obtained. Beginning in 1921, all feldspar produced June 1904 through 1927, and 76 pounds thereafter. Values are
and marketed in each State has been reported as crude feldspar calculated at average price at New York after 1925, but at San
even though much of it was first marketed as ground feldspar.
Francisco prior thereto. Data prior to 1880 appear in Mineral ReG 81-82. Salt, sold or used by producers, 1880-1945. SOURCE: sources, 1925, part I, p. 44. For this early period, production in
See general note, series G 1-158. Data includes evaporated salt, California was equivalent to that for the entire country. For early
rock salt, and the salt content of brine produced. Since 1893, value data in greater detail, see also Census Office, Report on Mineral
data shown include only net value of the product, exclusive of Industries . . , Eleventh Census: 1890, Washington, D. C., 1892,
boxes, bags, barrels, or other containers. Prior to 1893 a great many pp. 179-245; and early volumes of Mineral Resources, particularly
of the producers reporting, included the value of containers in those for 1882, 1883 and 1884, and 1910.
which the salt was shipped. This may partly explain why values
G 104-111. Metals, alloying, 1880-1945. SOURCE: See general
shown were greater in some of the earlier years than for many of note,series G 1-158.
. G 104-105. Manganese ore, shipments and value, 1880-1945.
the later years.
G 83-84. Sulfur production, 1880-1945. SOURCE:. See general SOURCE: See general note, series.G 1-158. Shipments from do~
note, series G 1-158. For 1880-1900, see Mineral Resources of the mestic mines represent standard measure of production.
United States, 1910, p~ 783. Value data were not available for 1904G 106-107. Chromite shipments, 1880--1945. SOURCE: See gen~
1945, therefore the production values were calculated from the eral note, series G 1-158. Production for 1880-1889 is estimated.
average value of shipments for each of those years.
Coverage of industry for 1890-1910 is considered to be substan~
G 85;..,.86. Pyrites production, 188Q;..,.1945. SOURCE: See general tially 95 percent; since 1910 the coverage is virtually 100 percent.
note, series G 1--158; for 1880-1931, see also the following annual Sales by or shipments from mines are used to measure production
volumes of Mineral Resources of the United States: 1910 volume, since the inception of collection of chromite data.
part II, p. 795; 1924 volume, p. 4; 1931 volume, p. 144. For 1932G 108-109. Tungsten, shipments and value, 1900~ 1945. SOURCE:
1945, see annual volumes of Minerals Yearbook.
See general note, series G 1-158. Figures for early years are for
G 87-90. Nonmetals, fertilizer materials, 1880-1945. SOURCE:
"production." Mineral Resources, 1910, p. 740 (tabular footnote)
See general note, series G 1-158.
states, "The production of tungsten ores ... can be fairly compared
G 87-88. Potash sold by producers, 1915-1945. SOURCE: See
only since and beginning with 1906, as before that date no effort
general note, series G 1-158. "Potash" (K2 0) is used here as imhad been made to reduce the ores to a common basis of concenposted by convention. This is a hypothetical compound used as a
tration."
standard basis of computation and comparison of analyses and
G 110-111. Molybdenum shipments, 1914-1945. SOURCE: See
prices of different potash salts of widely variant composition.
general note, series G 1-158. Data coverage virtually 100 percent
G 89-90. Phosphate rock sold or used by producers, 1880-1945.
of industry. Data are in terms of pounds of molybdenum contained
SOURCE: See general note, series G 1-158.
in molybdenite concentrates. The total absence of production in
G 91-92. Magnesite production (crude, mined). 1891-1945.
1921-1922 reflects a 50 percent drop in alloy steel production in
SOURCE: See general note, series G 1-158. Data pertain to uncal1921, as well as the general post-war decline in industry.
cined magnesite of commercial grade. For 1891-1915, value figures
G 112-117. Nonferrous metals, production, 1801-1945. SOURCE:
represent the estimated worth of raw magnesite in sacks at San
See general note, series G 1-158. See also series G 102-103 (merFrancisco; for 1915 and prior years, with unimportant exceptions,
cury).
magnesite was mined only in California. Since World War I, very
G 112-113. Copper, smelter production, 1845-1945; value, 1880little raw magnesite has entered the open market and all value
1945. SOURCE: See general note, series G 1-158. Figures for years
data shown are producers' estimates based on cost considerations
prior to 1882 were compiled by the U. S. Geological Survey "from
or a few actual sales.
the best sources available." Smelter production data cover the
METALS (G 93-130)
fine copper content of blister, anodes, etc., produced at the smelters plus furnace refined copper produced from Lake SuperiorG 93-101. Ferrous metals, production, shipments, and value,
1810-1945. SOURCE: See general note, series G 1-158 and detailed native copper ores and electrolytic copper produced direct from
ore or matte by leaching.
listings below.
G 114-115. Lead, smelter production, 1801-1945; value, 1880G 93-95. Iron ore, production, shipments, and value, 1860--1945.
SOURCE: See general note, series G 1-158. Data refer to usable 1945. SOURCE: For production data, see following volumes: For
ore and beginning in 1942 include byproduct ore obtained from 1801-1926, see U. S. Bureau of Mines, Summarized Data of Lead
pyrites. Data for 1860, 1870, and 1880 are originally from census Production, comprising Economic Paper 5, 1929, pp. 12-13. For
reports for those years; those for 1875 and 1881 are estimates ap- 1927-1928, see Mineral Resources of the United States, 1930, pt.
pearing originally in Bell, I. L., Principles of the Manufacture of 1, p. 483. For 1929-1945, see annual volumes of Minerals Yearbook
136

MINING AND MINERA_L-.:.S________

Text: G 114-118

as follows: For 1929-1933, see 1936 issue, p. 140; for 1934-1937, and the group totals for the period 1792-1834 and 1834-1844, had
see 1938 issue, p. 114; for 1938-1940, see 1941 issue, Pi 128; for been added. By 1910, figures in ounces were being presented in
1941-1945, see 1945 issue, p. 161. Value data are as provided by addition to the dollar value figures shown in reports through 1900.
Bureau of Mines and are based on average price each year. Data
Use and interpretatIon of the data for years prior to 1880 should
in series G 114-115 represent production and value of refined lead take into account the confusion out of which the present series
produced from foreign and domestic ores and domestic base bullion; were derived. Albert Williams, Jr. (Department of the Interior,
and do not include refined lead from foreign base bullion. For a U. S. Geological Survey, Mineral Resources of the United States
more detailed classification of production data, see source volumes. [1882], p. 180, observed:
Statistics on lead output may be prepared on a mine or smelter
"Total output to date.-It may seem strange to say that one
and refinery basis. The mine-production data compiled on the basis
of the most perplexing statistical questions is to state the
total gold and silver production of the United States from the
of lead content in ores and concentrates and adjusted to account
beginning of mining operations to the present [1882]. The
for average losses in smelting are the most accurate measure of
difficulty lies not so much in the dearth of material as in the
production from year to year. The pig-lead output, as reported by
embarrassing abundance of statistics, actual and estimated,
smelters and refiners, presents a more precise figure of actual lead
made by different persons at different times; covering overlapping periods and occasionally showing gaps; including and
recovery but generally differs from the mine figure due to the overomitting the product of the Southern States; sometimes inlap or lag between mine shipments and smelter receipts of are and
cluding the partial output of the west coast of North America
concentrates. These inequities, however, tend to balance over a
beyond the limits of the United States; estimated on the
period of years.
basis of the calendar year or of the fiscal year; revised, changed,
and corrected, until the whole subject seems lost in confusion.
G 116-117. Zinc, smelter production and value, 1880-1945.
And yet there is sufficient reliable evidence upon which to
SOURCE: See general note, series G 1-158. Zinc-production statisreconstruct an estimate believed to have a probable error not
tics may be prepared on a mine or on a smelter basis. The mineexceeding 5 per cent."
production data compiled on a basis of zinc content in ores and
Williams' estimate accepts, in general, the Mint series for 1848concentrates and adjusted to account for average losses in smelting 1882, the only segment then available; the principal differences
are the most accurate measure of output from year to year, espe- lie in his estimates for the period prior to 1847.
cially as to the character and distribution of the production. The
For the years 1881-1945, data are for calendar years. For earlier
slab-zinc production, as reported by smelters, presents a more preyears, the evidence as to type of year is confusing. It seems likely
cise figure of actual zinc recovery but generally differs from the
that data are for calendar years through 1873; and for fiscal years,
mine figure owing to overlap and lag between mine shipments and
1874-1880. The Report of the Director of the Mint Upon the Prosmelter receipts of ores and concentrates. These variations, howduction of the Precious Metals of the United States During the Calever, tend to balance within the limits of statistical error over a
endar
Year 1884, p. 483; Mineral Resources, 1882, p. 183; and
,
period of years.
.
Tenth Census Reports (1880), vol. XIII, Statistics and Technology
G 118--121. Gold and silver, production and value, 1792-1945. of the Precious Metals, p. 377, all label the figures to 1880 as fiscal
SOURCE: Director of the Mint, 1792-1903; Bureau of Mines, 1904- years; late Mint reports specify calendar years for all years. How1945. For detailed sources, see text for specific series. below. ever, close examination of these source volumes and reference to
Figures for 1792~1873 are ascribed to R. W. Raymond, former the various annual reports of Rossiter W. Raymond, United States
United States Commissioner of Mining Statistics, U. S. Geological Commissioner of Mining Statistics (last report was that for 1876),
Survey, whose eighth and last report was that for 1876. A con- makes it appear that figures for 1848-1873 are for calendar years
tinuation of the series of the Director of the Mint to 1945 (includ- and that the data for 1874-1880 are for fiscal years. The 1884 Mint
ing figures for the Philippines and Puerto Rico) will be found in report on precious metals (p. 382) provides an added item of
the Annual Reports of the Director of the Mint.
$25,000,000 in gold for the last half of calendar year 1880. This
The relationship between the Bureau of Mines and the Bureau addition is not allowed for in Mint reports of recent years, nor is
of the Mint series, 1904 to 1945, is explained in various annual any deduction item available for the probable change from calissues of Mineral Resources of the United States, Bureau of Mines, endar to fiscal years beginning in 1874.
and in the Annual Reports of the Director of the Mint. The folAnother point of uncertainty is the relationship between quanlowing is quoted from the 1941 Mint report.
tity and value series for both gold and silver. There seems to be
"The official estimate of the production of gold and silver some question as to whether the original series for early years may
in the United States is made by the Bureau of the Mint with not have been in dollars and the ounce figures obtained at a later
the cooperation of the Bureau of Mines, the [Bureau of Mines]
making a mine canvass in each State and the [Bureau of the date by use of a conversIon factor, rather than the other way
Mint] working backward from mint deposits through re- around.
fineries, smelters, and other reduction works to the mine proA few early sources of gold and silver figures may be mentioned.
duction estimate made by the [Bureau of Mines]. The official
A
published original source for the exact Raymond figures, 1792estimate represents the material received at mint service
offices and private refineries. The. difference between this 1873, which comprise the start of the present series, has not been
estimate [series of Director of the Mint] and the mine pro- located. However, for various figures by Raymond, see Raymond's
duction estimate [series of Bureau of Mines] is almost entirely last report (U. S. Treasury Department, Statistics of Mines and
due to the time element involved in the reducing processes,
since differences for series of years are shown by comparison Mining in the States and Territories West of the Rocky Mountains
to practically offset each other. The two systems thus verify [1876], being the Eighth Annual Report of Rossiter W. Raymond,
and support each other."
United States Commissioner of Mining Statistics), pp. 377 and 454; .
The above quotation refers to the series published by the two Eleventh Census Reports (1890), Report on Mineral Industries in
agencies in their complete form-that is, including production data the United States at the Eleventh Census: 1890, p. 40 ff; and Departfor the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and island possessions. The gold ment of the Interior, U. S. Geological Survey, Mineral Resources
and silver data presented in series G 118-121 are for continental of the United States [1882], p. 182. An overlap of Raymond's series
United States and Alaska only.
and that of the Director of the Mint is shown on p. 482 of the
Since publication of the 1884 Report of the Director of the Mint Mint precious metals report for 1884.
Upon the Production of the Precious Metals of the United States,
Those interested will find alternative series for early years and
few major (although some minor) changes have been made in the discussion of the estimating problem in Mineral Resources of the
figures for the period 1848-1880. By 1890 (see Annual Report of United States [1882], and in the Eleventh Census Report (1890),
the Director of the Mint, 1890) the annual figures for 1845-1847, l11ineral Statistics, among other volumes. The figures of "Professor
748706-49-10

137

Text: G 118-170

MINERALS AND POWER

Whitney," whose work is frequently cited, will be found in 'Whit- i


G 125~126 . Primary alumiium production, 1885--1945 .. SoUa,CE:
ney, J. D., The Metallic Wealth oj the United States, Philadelphia, See general note, series G 1-158. Value data for 1893-1910 repre1853. The "Mr. Valentine," also frequently cited, is John J. Val- sent estimates. Production data for 1893-1906 cover fiscal year
entine, vice-president and general manager (in 1890.) of the Wells- ending August 31.
Fargo Express Company, who published annual data on production
G 127-128. Bauxite production, 1889-1945. SOURCE: See genin States and Territories west of the Missouri River.
eral note, series G 1-158. Production data represent shipments of
G 118-119. Gold production and value, 1792-1945. SOURCE; For
crude, dried, activated and calcined bauxite from mines except for
figures for 1792-190.3, except annual data for 1835-1844, see U. S. 1939-1945 which represent shipments of crude ore from mines.
Treasury, Annual Report oj the Director oj the Mint, 1910., p. 99. Figures on a dried equivalent basis are available from 1920 in
Forannual figures for 1835-1844, see Bureau of Mines, Economic source volumes.
Paper 5, Summarized Data oj Gold Production, p. 14. For 190.4G 129-130. Primary magnesium production, 1915-1945.
1945, figures are from records, of the Bureau of Mines. See also SOURCE: See general note, series G 1-158; see also 1'v.linerals Yeartext for series G 118-121, above.
Book, 1939 and subsequent annual volumes. Production figures
Quantities represent recoverable metal and are given in troy represent sales. Data shown for 1922-1924 are estimates~
ounces, 1,0.0.0. fine. Gold is valued in 1934 and thereafter at $35 per
EMPLOYMENT AND INJURIES (G 131-158)
fine ounce; prior thereto at $20.:67+ per fine ounce.
Economic Paper 5, of the Bureau of Mines (cited above), proG 131-143. Employment and injuries: Min-es (except coal) and
vides quantity figures annually, 1835-1927, but .the annual figures quarries, and related industries, 1911-1945. SOURCE: See general
for 190.4-1927 differ from those shown here. In addition, ,lD-year note, series G 1-158, and detailed listings below.
totals in fine ounces for 180.1~184D are provided as follows: 180.1G 131--+36. Employment and injuries, all mines except coal
1810.,135,0.0.0.; 1811-1820., 135,000.;1821-1830, 150,000; 1831-1840,
mines, 1911-1945. SOURCE : See general note, series G 1-158; for
318,0.0.0.
1911-1942, see Bulletin 461, '1Metal- and Nonmetal-Mine AcCiThe Buteau of the Mint series, used here to 190.3, is continued
dents 111 the 'United States--"'::1942," 1945, p. 51; for 1943-1945, see
to 1945 in the issues of the Annu:al Report ojiheBureau oj the Mint.
annual volumes of Minerals Yearbook for 1945 and 1946, except
For single year data (Mint series), 1845-190.9, see 1910 issue;for
for series G' 134 and' G 136, data for which were obtained from,
1911-1940, see 1941 issue; for later years see subsequent issues.
records of the Bureau of Mines.
In any comparisons of data in the gold and silver series'; 1904G'137-143. Employment and injuries, quarries" and' related in1945, with those in the annual Mineral Resources-Minerals Yearbook volumes, special care should be taken' torefet to figures in dustries, 1911-1945. SOURCE: See general note, series G 1-158;
those volumes which are specifically, noted- as' excluding data for for 1911~1942, see Bulletin 458, "Quarry Accidents in the U. S.,
1942," 1944, p. 83; for 1943-1945, see annual volumes of Minerals
the Philippines, Puerto Rico; and island 'possessions.
Yearbook for 1945 and 1946. Man-hours of employment (series
G 120-121. Silver production and value.1834-:-1945~ SOU;RCE:
G 139) for the period 1911--'1923 were computed on the assumption
Same as for series G 118-119, except' for annual figures for silver,
1834-1844, see Bureau of Mines, EccmomicPaper8, Summarized that weighted average length of workday was 9.36 hours as shown
Data on Silver Production,p. 18. See also general text for series by reports from' representative companies for 1924. Figures for
injured per niillion man-hours (series G 143) for years previous to
G 118-121, above.
' ,
" '
1916 are believed to be not representative owing to probable inQuantities represent recoverable metal and are given in troy
completeness of reports of slight or minor injuries.
ounces, 1,00.0. fine. Prices are the New Yqrk buying prices except
G 144-158. Fatalities, production and employment: Bituminous
for those years when the United States Treasury was purchasing
and
anthracite mines, 1870-1945. SOURCE: See general note,
silver under legislation providing' a special price for domestically
produced metal. In these years, the price is the treasury purchase series G 1-158, and detailed listing below.
price, despite the fact that some silver lacking affidavits regarding
G 144-153_ Number killed in coal mines (bituminous and anits production failed to qualjfy and entered the market at the co:in- thracite, combined), 1870-1945. SOURCE: See general note, series
mercial price. These latter quantities, however, have been neg:.. G 1-158; for 1870.-1942, see Bulletin 462, "Coal Mine Accidents
in the United States: 1942,"pp. 10.2-104; for 1943-1945, see annual
ligible.
Economic Paper 8, of the Bureau of Mines (cited above), pro- volumes of Minerals Yearbook for 1945 and 1946, except for series
vides quantity figures annually, 1834-1927, but the annual figures
G 147, G 149, G 150, G 152, and G 153, data for which were obfor 190.4-1927 differ from those shown here.
tained from records of the Bureau of Mines. Prior to 1910, certain
The Bureau of the Mint series, used here to 1903, is continued States did not maintain records of accidents. Rates shown are
to 1945 in the issues of the Annual Report oj the Bureau of the Mint. based exclusively on tonnage and l1len employed in States for which
For single year data (Mint series), 1845-190.9, see 1910 issue; for accident records were available. '
1911-1940, see 1941 issue; for later years see subsequent issues.
G 154-158. Production and employment in coal mines, 1911In any comparisons of data in the gold and silver series, 190.4- 1945. SOURCE: Same as for series G 144-153.
1945, with those in the annual Mineral Resources-Minerals YearThese data are based on monthly reports by coal mine operators
book volumes, special care should be taken to refer to figures in to the U. S. Bureau of Mines. Total production figures (series G
those volumes which are specifically noted as excluding data for
154) for 1935-1944 represent annual totals of data received
the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and island possessions.
monthly, and they differ from combined totals for bituminous and
G 122-124. Platinum, 1880-1945. SOURCE: See general note,
anthracite production collected annually and presented as series
series G 1-158. Figures for 18RO-1900. and 1910-1920. represent G 13 and G 16, respectively.
cnrde platinum metals. Those for 190.1-1909 represent production
of refined platinum metals from domestic ores. Figures for 19211945 comprise production of crude platinum metals and platinum
Power: Series G 159-233
metals recovered as a byproduct of gold and copper refining.
ENERGY PRODUCTION AND USE (G 159-199)
Figures on recoveries of platinum metals from gold and copper
G 159-170. Annual supply of energy from mineral fuels and
refining are not available prior to 1921. Data include Alaska.
G 125-130. Light-weight metals, production and value, 1885- water power, 1819-1945. SOURCES: For decennial data 1819-1889,
1945. SOURCE: See general note, series G 1-158, and detailed list- see U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Mines, Mineral
Resources oj the United States, 1930, part II-Nonmetals, table 7,
ings below.
138

POWER
p. 623; for annual averages of 5-year periods 1871-1900, see Statistical Abstract, 1946, table 5~6, p. 473; for 1899-1945, see U. S.
Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, annual volumes of
Minerals Yearbook as follows: For 1899-1935, see 1937 volume,
table 8, p. 807; for 1936-1943, see 1945 volume, p. 846; for 19441945,. revised data obtained from records of Bureau of Mines.
In converting water power to its fuel equivalent, two alternative assumptions have been made. The first (series G 161)
assumes a constant fuel equivalent, which represents the average
efficiency of all central stations generating steam-electric power in
1913, the base period used. The usefulness of the constant factor
lies in showing the rate at which water power is being developed.
It permits direct comparison between the relative increase in kilowatt-hours of water power and the corresponding iIi crease or decrease in tons of coal, barrels of oil, or cubic feet of gas produced.
On the other hand the constant factor makes no allowance for the
fact that coal and other fuels produced today are used more efficiently than formerly.
To show the influence of improving fuel efficiency, a second
computation (series G 162) of the energy equivalent of water
power has therefore been made. This assumes a prevailing fuel
equivalent, diminishing year by year, which represents the average
performance of all fuel-burning central electric stations for the year
in question. (The prevailing factor is thus much above the constant
factor in 1899 and much below it in 1945.) The prevailing fuel
equivalent indicates more nearly the quantity of fuel that would
have been needed in anyone year to generate the same power in a
steam-electric station. It should be noted, however, that the ultimate uses to which the water power generated is put often displace
fuel burned much less efficiently than in central stations and that
in any instance no other important J:>ranch of fuel consumption has
made advances in fuel efficiency approaching that of the central
stations.
The ideal factor for converting water power into fuel equivalent would be the average efficiency of all forms of fuel consumption in each year. No basis for determining such an all-embracing
average exists at present, but enough is known to make certain
that it would show much Jess reduction from 1899 to 1945 than do
the central stations. A just comparison of the changing. contributions of water power and of fuel to the national energy supply
would lie somewhere between the results shown by the constant
equivalent and the prevailing central-station equivalent.
The figures for oil and natural gas represent the entire production of crude petroleum and of gas. Most of this production does
riot come into direct competition with coal. An elaborate analysis
and the accumulation of data not now available would be required
to determine even approximately how much of anyone fuel actually has been displaced either by other fuels or by water power.
The present series do not permit determination of such displacement; their purpose is rather to measure the long-time trends
in the total demand for energy.
G 171-233. General note. Production and use of electric energy,
1902--1945. SOURCE: See detailed listings below. Some data on the
production and use of electric energy are available since the beginning of commercial production in 1882. Data for the years 1882
to 1920, however, are difficult to evaluate because of changing
bases of measurements and variations in coverage of the various
censuses or other surveys made during the period. The Census
Bureau published the results of surveys of the electric light arid
power industries made at five-year intervals during the period
1902-1937, and the Censuses of Manufactures and of Mineral Industries contain important data on industrial use and production
of electric energy. The United States Geological Survey, the Electrical World and the National Electric Light Association also published considerable data applicable to the industry during this
early period.
The chief gaps in the data for t~ese years are in the production

Text: G 159-203

of electric energy by industrial establishments for their own use


and in the measurement of the sales by electric railroads and railways for public distribution. Early data on, capacity and on requirements must be converted from horsepower to kw. (kilowatts)
to be comparable; and capacity data in kv.-a (kilovolt-amperes)
were often tabulated as kw. without regard to the power factor.
Data on generation were also often reported without regard to the
kw.-h. (kilowatt-hours) used in production and, in many instances,
where the prime mover was used both for direct drive and for
electric generation, the kw.-h. equivalent of power used directly
was reported as generation. These variations in units of measurement and in classification often resulted in differences in reported
totals of as much as 20 to 25 percent. In presenting historical data
on electric energy since 1902, efforts have been made to resolve
such differences and place the data on a comparable basis.
Since 1920 comprehensive statistics on capacity and generation
of electric 'utilities for public use have been compiled and published by the Geological Survey, 1920 to 1936, and by the Federal
Power Commission, 1936 to 1945. Data on capacity and generation
by nonutility establishments from 1939 to 1945 have been compiled
and published by the Federal Power Commission. The Commission
also published financial, operating, sales, and rate statistics for the
electric utility industry. Data on customers, revenues, sales, and
related matters for the period 1926 to 1945 are published by the
Edison Electric Institute. The technical and trade journals from
time to time publish data on the electric utility and related
industries.
G 171-174. Electric energy production by electric utilities and
industrial establishments, by type of prime mover, 1902-1945.
SOURCE: Sum of data in series G 175-182 (electric utilities and
industrial establishments). See also text for series G 171-233,
above.
G 175-178. Electric energy production by electric utilities, by
type of prime mover, 1902-1945. SOURCE: For 1902-1917, see
Bureau of the Census reports, Census of Electric Light and Power
Stations; for 1920-1945, see Federal Power Commission, Production of Electric Energy and Capacity of Generating Plants, 1945.
See also text for series G 171-233, above.
G 179-182. Electric energy production by industrial establishments, by type of prime mover, 1902-1945. SOURCES: Federal
Power Commission. Data for 1902-1938 based on Bureau of the
Census, Census of Manufactures, Census of Mineral Industries,
Census of Electric Light and Power Stations, and related data;
data for 1939-1945, Federal Power Commission, Industrial Electric
Power Requirements, 1939-1945. See also text for series G 171233, above.
G 183. Total utility and industrial electric energy production,
1902-1945. SOURCE: Sum of series G 184 and G 190.
G 184-189. Electric utilities electric energy production by class
of ownership, 1902-1945. SOURCE: See above for series G 175-178.
G 190. Electrical energy production by industrial establishments,
1902-1945. SOURCE: See above for series G 179. This series is
identical to series G 179 and is repeated here for convenience in
reference.
G 191-193. Industrial use of electric energy, 1902-1945. SOURCE:
Federal Power Commission. Data for 1902-1938 based on Bureau
of the Census, Census of Manufactures, Census of Mineral Industries, and related dat-e.; data for 1939-1945, Federal Power Commission, Industrial Electric Power Requirements, 1939-1945. See
also text for series G 171-233, above.

G 194-199. Consumption of fuels by electric utilities for production of electric energy, 1920-1945. SOURCE: Federal Power
Commission, Consumption of Fuel for the Production of Electric
Energy, 1945.
GENERATING PLANTS AND CAPACITY (G 200-224)
G 200-203. Number of electric utility generating plants, 19021945. SOURCE: Federal Power Commission records.
139

1
Text: G 204-233

MINERALS AND POWER

G 204. Production per kilowatt of installed generating capacity,


G 217. Total utility and industrial instaHed generating capacity,
1902-1945. SOURCE: Federal Power Commission records.
1902-1945. SOURCE: Sum of series G 218 and G 224.
G 218-223. Electric utilities installed generating capacity by
G 205-208. Install~d generating capacity of electric utilities and
industrial establishments, by type of prime mover, 1902-1945. class of ownership, 1902--1945. SOURCE: Same as series G 115SOURCE: Sum of data for series G 209-216 (electric utilities and 178, above.
G 224. Installed generating capacity by industrial establish.
industrial establishments).
1902-1945. SOURCE: See above for series G 213. This series
ments,
G 209-212. Installed generating capacity of electric utilities, by
type of prime mover, 1902-1945. SOURCE: Same as series G 175- is identical to series G 213 and is repeated here for convenience in
178, above. These data include capacity of small standby plants reference.
SALES TO ULTIMATE CONSUMERS (G 225-233)
which operate infrequently and have insignificant production, and
capacity of publicly owned "Non-Central Stations" which operate
G 225-233. Electric utilities, sales to ultimate consumers, 1902primarily for such functions as public street lighting or water 1945. SOURCES: For 1902-1925, see Federai Power Commission
pumping.
records, based on datain Bureau of the Census, Census of Electric
G 213-216. Installed generating capacity of industrial establish- Light and Power Stations, National Electric Light Association
ments, by type of prime mover, 1902-1945. SOURCE: Same as Proceedings, Electric World, and re~ated sources; for 1926-1945,
see Edison Electric Institute, Statistical Bullet'in.
series G 179-182, above.

140

I.:..,,,fu,
..-"..'..:'
..','.,.

Data: G 1-12

MINING AND MINERALS

Series G

1-5.~MINERALS-VALUE

OF MINERAL PRODUCTS: 1880 TO 1945

[In thousands of dollars


All
mineral
products

YEAR

Total

Fuels

Other

1,974,000
2,340,000
2,488,000
2,363,900
2,132,000

6,166,000
6,079,000
5,583,800
5,212,400
4,746,000

5,212,000
5,178,000
4,608,300
4,103,400
3,708,100

954,000
901,000
975,500
1,109,000
1,037,900

1940 ___________
1939 ___________
1938 ___________
1931- __________
1936 ___________

5,613,900
4,914,200
4,363,200
5,413,400
4,556,800

1,678,600 . 3,935,300
1,291,700 3,622,500
892,600 3,470,600
1,468,200 3,945,200
1,081,600 3,475,200

3,116,500
2,834,300
2,820,300
3,200,500
2,759,200

818,800
788,200
650,300
744,700
716,000

1935 ___________
1934 ___________
1933 ___________
1932 _________
193L __________

3,650,000
3,325,400
2,555,100
2,461,700
3,166,600

733,130
548,934
417,065
285,875
569,790

2,916,870
2,776,466
2,138,035
2,175,825
2,596,810

2,330,000
2,233,300
1,683,400
1,743,400
1,892,400

586,870
543,166
454,635
432,425
704,410

1930 ___________
1929 ___________
1928 ___________
1927 ___________
1926_. __________

4,764,800
5,887,600
5,385,200
5,530,000
6,.213,600

985,790
1,480,390
1,288,290
1,220,633
1,405,345

3,779,010
4,407,210
4,096,910
4,309,367
4,808,255

2,764,500
3,190,527
2,884,962
3,060,047
3,541,916

1,014,510
1,216,683
1,211 ,948
1,249,320
1,266,339

1925 ___________
1924 __ ~ ________
1923 _______ ___
1922 _____ _____
192L __________

5,677,630
5,305,800
5,986,500
4,647,290
4,138,500

1,382,155
1,233,370
1,511,930
988,100
654,700

4,295,475
4,072,430
4,474,570
3,659,190
3,483,800

3,058,680
2,898,630
3,317,100
2,737,880
2,703,470

1,236,795
1,173,800
1,157,470
921,310
780,330

1920 ___________
1919 ___________
1918 ___________
1917 ___________
1916 ___________

6 ;981,340
4,623,770
5.,540,708
4,992,496
3,508,439

1,763,675
1,361,099
2,156,588
2,088,914
1,622,129

5,217,665
3,262,671
3,384;120
2,903,582
1,886,310

4,192,910
2,510,894
2,736,151
2,237,837
1,332,584

1,024,755
751,777
647,969
665,745
553,726

1915 ___________ 2,394,644


1914 ___________ 2,111,172
1913 ___________ 2,433,545

993,353
687,101
879,058

1,401,291
1,424,071
1,554,487

972,617
992,837
1,087,843

428,674
431,234
466,644

YEAR

II

8,140,000
8,419,000
8,071 ,800
7,576,300
6,878,000

All
mineral
products

NONMETALLIC

Metallic

1945 __________
1944 ___________
1943 ___________
1942 ___________
194L __________

~_

1
NONMFlTALLIC

Metallic
Total

Fuels

-I

4,

Other
5

1912 ___________
1911 ___________

2,237,794
1,924,081

862,191
681,023

1,375,603
1;243,058

945,541
835,763

430,062
407,295

1910 ___________
1909 ___________
1908 ___________
1907 ___________
1906 ___________

1,987,844
1,887,107
1,591,773
2,069,570
1,900,880

750,027
755,092
550,890
904,151
886,280

1,237,817
1,132,015
1,040,883
1,165,419
1,014,600

828,213
746,204
716,034
789,128
652,398

409,604
385,811
324,849
376,291
362,202

1905 ___________
1904 ___________
1903 ___________
1902 ___________
1901- __________

1,623,765
1,359,181
1,495,381
1,327,951
1,155,078

702,785
501,314
589,253
605,017
493,814

920,980
857,867
906,128
722,934
661,264

602,258
584,043
634,226
469,079
442,409

318,722
273,824
271,902
253,855
218,855

1900 ___________
1899 ___________
1898 ___________
1897 ___________
1896 ___________

1,108,936
1,010,096
727,042
651,612
641,041

514,232
484,021
308,747
270,434
252,575

594,704
526,075
418,295
381,178
388,466

406,376
340,773
267,513
253,598
268,161

188,328
185,302
150,782
127,580
120,305

1895 ___________
1894 ___ ~ _______
1893 ___________
1892 __________ ~
189L __________

642,691
550,245
545,493
622,232
600,849

248,533
187,335
223,654
284,215
280,985

394,158
362,910
321,839
338,017
319,864

268,438
235,618
251,735
248,344
237,160

125,720
127,292
70,104
89,673
82,704

1890 ___________
1889 ___________
1888 ___________
1887 ___________
1886 ___________

615,429
542,326
553,799
535,633
456,185

303,937
250,823
242,460
241,183
204,795

311 ,492
291,503
311,339
294,450
251,390

230,962
208,297
231,459
217,251
184,608

80,530
83,206
79,880
77,199
66,782

1885 ___________
1884 ___________
1883 ___________
1882 ___________
188L __________
1880 ___________

419,551
407,040
448,061
453,106
403,120
367,463

174,718
182,784
201,131
219,070
192,663
190,881

244,833
224,256
246,930
234,036
210,457
176,582

183,075
165,825
185,760
170,479
149,798
120,241

61,758
58,431
61,170
63,557
60,659
56,341

Coal. natural gas, natural gasoline and allied products, and petroleum.

Series G 6-S.-MINERALS-INDEXES OF MINERAL PRODUCTION (FEDERAL RESERVE):


1919 TO 1945
[ 1935-1939 average=!OO
Total

YEAR

Metals

Fuels

Total

Metals

1945 ______
'1944- _____
1943 ______
1942 ______
194L _____

137
140
132
129
125

101
113
126
148 .
149

143
145
132
125
122

1940 ______
1939 ______
1938 ______

117
106
97

134
113
86

114
105
99

Total

Fuels

- - - - - - - - - YEAR - - - - - - - - 7
7
8
8
6
6
------ ---- --1931- ____
1936 _____

112
99

127
102

109
99

1935. ____
1934- ____
1933 _____
1932 _____
193L ____

86
80
76
67
80

73
58
51
36
68

89
83
80
72
82

1
Metals

Total

Fuels

--------6
7
8
------

YEAR

1930 _____
1929 _____
1928 _____
1927 _____
1926 _____

93
107
99
100
100

102
134
120
116
126

91
103
95
97
95

1925 _____
1924 _____

92
89

121
108

87
86

YEAR

Metals

J?uels

118

94

--------7
6
8
------

1923 _____
1922 _____
192L ____

98
71
66

---- ---- --------

1920 _____
1919 _____

83
71

--------

-------- . ------ ...

-------- -------.-- --- ---

Series G 9-12.-MINING-INDEXES OF PHYSICAL OUTPUT (NBER): 1899 TO 1939


[1899=100 J

YEAR

Total
mining

NONMETALLIC

Metals
Fuel

Other

11

12

-----------9

10

---

1939 __________
1938 __________
1937 __________
1936 __________

366
331
387
344

224
176
251
195

430
403
449
410

382
340
396
362

1935 __________
1934 __________
1933 __________
1932 __________
193L _________

293
271
249
230
286

144
111
88
76
136

365
346
327
301
346

265
251
223
221
344

193o __________
1929 __________
1928 __________
1927 __________
1926 __________

343
389
357
357
348

197
252
230
223
235

393
434
397
401
386

459
507
482
475
447

YEAR

Total
minIng

NONMETALLIC

Metals
Fuel

Other

-----------10
11
9
12
------

1925 _________
1924 _________
1923 _________
1922 _________
192L __. ______

321
310
329
239
222

226
207
214
155
99

352
346
374
269
268

422
386
383
300
247

1920 _________
1919 _________
1918 _________
1917 _________
1916 _________

271
234
270
268
254

195
184
249
259
264

305
259
286
276
248

288
235
245
281
279

1915 _________
1914 _________
1913 _________
1912 _________

220
202
217
206

212
172
192
184

226
218
230
215

253
258
281
278

YEAR

Total
mining

NON11ETALLIC

Metals
Fuel

Other

------ -----9
12
10
11
--- - - ----

191L ________

192

166

204

261

1910 _________
1909 _________
1908 _________
1907 _________
1906 _________

195
184
162
173
160

175
170
139
145
149

203
187
172
188
162

264
255
223
231
222

1905 _________
190L ________
1903_~ _______
1902 _________
190L ________

154
138
134
119
114

141
125
120
120
111

157
142
141
118
116

184
149
128
116
105

1900 _________
1899 _________

108
100

109
100

106
100

108
100

141

Data: G 13-18

MINERALS AND POWER

Series G 13-1B.-FUELS-BITUIVIINOUS Al'-JD ..A... l'-JTHR.A.CITE COAL, PRODUCTION: 1807 TO 1945


[ Production in net tons of 2,000 pounds J

BITUMINOUS

PENNSYLVANIA ANTHRACITE

Value
YEAR

Production
Total
13

Production

Average
per ton

Total

14

Value

Value

Average
per ton

17

16

PENNSYLVANIA ANTHRACITE

BITUMINOUS

Value
Production

YEAR

Total
13

18

14

16

15

Total

Average
per ton

17

18

---1------1------ - - - -----1-----1---

Tons

Dollars

Dollars

Tons

Dollars

Dollars

1945 __
194L_
1943 __
1942 __
194L_

577,617,327 1,768,204,320
619,576,240 1,810,900,542
590,177,0691,584,644,477
582 ,692,937 1,373,990 , 608
514,149,245 1,125,362,836

3.06
2.92
2.69
2.36
2.19

1940 __
1939 __
1938 __
1937 __
1936 __

460,771 ,500
394,855,325
348,544,764
445,531,449
439,087,903

879,327,227
728,348,366
678 , 653 ,000
864 , 042 , 000
770,955,000

1. 91
1.84
1.95
1. 94
1. 76

51,484,640205,489,814
3.99
51,487,377187,175,324. 3.64
46,099,027180,600,167
3.92
51,856,4.33197,598,849
3.81
54,579,535227,003,5384.16

1935 __
1934 __
1933 __
1932 __
193L_

372,373,122
359 ,368 ,022
333 ,630 , 533
309,709,872
382,089,396

658 , 063 ,000


628 ,383 ,000
445 ,788 , 000
406,677,000
588 ,895 ,000

1. 77
1. 75
1.34
1. 31
1. 54

52,158,783
57,168,291
49,541,344
49,855,221
59,645,652

1930 __
1929 __
1928 __
1927 __
1926 __

467,526,299
795,483,000
534,988,593
952,781,000
500,744,970
933,774,000
517,763,352 1,029,657,000
573,366,985 1,183,412,000

1. 70
1. 78
1.86
1. 99
2.06

69,384,837354,574,191
73,828,195 385,642,751
75,348,069 393,637,690
80,095,564 420,941,726
84,437,452474,164,252

5.22
5.22
5.26
5.62'

1925 __
192L_
1923 __
1922 __
192L_

520,052,741
483,686,538
564,564,662
422,268,099
415,921,950

1,060,402,000
1,062,626,000
1,514,621,000
1,274,820,000
1,199,983,600

2.04
2~ 20
2.68
3.02
2.89

61,817,149 327,664,512
87.926,862477,230,852
93,339,009 506,786,768
54,683,022 273,700,125
90,473,451452,304,903

5.30
5.43
5.43
5.01
5.00

1920 __
1919 __
1918 __
1911-_
1916 __

568 , 666 ,683


465,860,058
579,385,820
551,790,563
502,519,682

2,129,933,000
1,160,616,013
1,491,809,940
1,249,272,837
665,116,077

3.75
2.49
2.58
2.26
1. 32

89,598,249434,252,198
88,092,201 364,926,950
98,826,084336,480,347
99,611 ,811 283,650,723
87,578 ,493 202,009,561

4.85
4.14
3.40
2.85
2.31

1.13
1.17
1.18

88,995,061 184,653,498
90,821,507188,181,399
91,524,922 195,181,127

1915 __
1914 __
1913 __

442,624,426
422,703,970
478,435,297

502 , 037 , 688


493 ,309 ,244
565,234,952

154,933,909323,944,435
I 63,701 ,363 354,582,884
160,643,620306,816,018
1 60,327,729271,673,380
156,368,267240,275,126

5.90
5.57
5.06
4.50
4.26

210,130,565
244,152,245
206,718,405
222,375,129
296,354,586

4.03
4.27
4.17
4.46
4.97

5 .. 11

2.07
2.07
2.13

Bituminous
13

Anthracite

Dollars

Dollars

YEAR

Dollars
2.11
1.94

1910 __
1909 __
1908 __
1901-_
1906 __

417,111,142469,281,719
379,744,257405,486,777
332,573,944374,135,268
394,759,112451,214,842
342,874,867381,162,115

1.12
1.07
1.12
1.14
1.11

84,485,236 160,275,302
81,070,359149,181,587
83,268,754158,178,849
85,604,312163,584,056
71,282,411 131,917,694

1.90
1.84
1.90
1.91
1.85

1905 __
1904 __
1903 __
1902 __
190L_

315,062,7'85 334,658,294
278,659,689 305,397,001
282,749,348 351,687,933
260,216,844290,858,483
225,828,149236,422,049

1. 06 77,659,850 141 ,879,000


1.10 73,156,709 138,974,020
1.24 74,607,068152,036,448
1.1241,373,59576,173,586
1. 05 67,471,667112,504,020

1.83
1. 90
2.04
1. 84
1. 67

1900 __ 212,316,112 220,930,313


1899 __ 193,323,187167,952,104
1898 __ 166,593,623 132,608,713
1891-_ 147,617,519119,595,224
1896 __ .137,640,276 114,891,515

1.04 57,367,915 85,757,851


0.87 60,418,005 88,142,130
0.8053,382,64575,414,537
0.81 52,611,681 79,301,954
0.83 54,346,081 81,748,651

1. 49
1. 46
1. 41
1. 51
1. 50

1895 __
1894 __
1893 __
1892 __
189L_

135,118,193115,779,771
118,820,405 107,653,501
128,385,231122,751,618
126,856,567125,124,381
117,901,23811.7,188,400

0.86 57,999,337 82,019,272


0.91 51,921,121 78,488,063
0.96 53,967,543 85,687,078
0.99 52,472,504 82,442,000
0.9950,665,43173,944,735

1.41
1. 51
1. 59
1. 57
1.46

1890 __
1889 __
1888 __
1887 __
1886 __

111,302,322110,420,801
0.99
95,682,543 ___________________
1:02,040,093 __ . ________________
88,562,314 ___________________
74,644,981 ___________________

1885 __
1884 __
1883 __
1882 __
188L_

72,824,321
82,998,704
77,250,680
68,429,933
53,961,012

Bituminous

Anthracite

13

16

16

Dol~ars

Tons

1.15 84,361,598177,622,626
1.11 90,464,067175,189,392

___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________

46,468,641
.45,456,970
46,619,564
42,088,197
39,035,446

66,383,772
1.43
__________________ _
__________________ _
__________________ _
__________________ _

38,335,974 __________________ _
37,156,847 __________________ _
__________________ _
35,121,256 __________________ _
31,920,018 __________________ _
~8,456,845

PRODUCTION (NET TONS)

PRODUCTION (NET TONS)

PRODUCTION (NET TONS)


YEAR

Tons

1912 __ 450,104,982 517,983,445


191L _ 405,907,059 451,375,819

YEAR

Bituminous

Anthracite

13

16

1880 _______________
1879 _______________
1878 _______________
1877 _______________
1876 _______________

42,831,758
37,898,006
36,245,918
34,841,444
30,486,755

28,649,812
30,207,793
21,689,682
25,660,316
22,793,245

1860 ______________
1859 ______________
1858 ______________
1857 ______________
1856 ______________

6,494,200
6,013,404
5,548,376
5,153,622
5,012,146

8,115,842
9,.619,771
8,426,102
8,186,567
8,534,779

1840 ______________
1839 ______________
1838 ______________
1837 ______________
1836 ______________

1,102,931
552,038
445,452
182,500
142,000

967,108
1,008,322
910,075
1,071,151
842,832

1875 _______________
1874 _______________
1873 _______________
1872 _______________
187L ______________

29,862,554
27,787,130
31,449,643
27,220,233
27,543,023

22,485,766
24,818,790
26,152,837
24,233,166
19,342,057

1855 ______________
185L _____________
1853 ______________
1852 ______________
185 L _____________

4,784,919
4,582,227
4,169,862
3,664,707
3,253,460

8,141,754
7,394,875
6,400,426
6,151,957
5,481,065

1835 ______________
183L _____________
1833 ______________
1832 ______________
183L _____________

134,000
136,500
133,750
146,500
120,100

690,854
464,015
600,907
447,550
217,842

1870 _______________
1869 _______________
1868 _______________
1867 _______________
1866 _______________

17,371,305
15,821,226
15,858,555
14,722,313
13,352,400

15,664,275
17,083,134
17,003,405
16,002,109
15,651,183

1850 ______________
1849 ______________
1848 ______________
1847 ______________
1846 ______________

2,880,017
2,453,497
1,968,032
1,735,062
1,977,707

4,138,164
3,995,334
3,805,942
3,551,005
2,887,815

1830 ______________
1829 ______________
1828 ______________
1827 ______________
1826 _____ ________

104,800
102,000
100,408
94,000
88,720

215,272
138,086
95,500
78,151
59,194

11 ,891,746
12,538,649
11,785,320
9,695,110
9,799,654

1845 ______________
18-14 ______________
1843 ______________
1842 ______________
184L _____________

2,480,032
2,009,207
1,556,753
1,365,563
1,182,441

182L _____________
75,000
182L _____________
67,040
1823 ______________
60,000
1822 ______________
54,000
182 L _____________ -------------1807-20 ___________
3,000

1865 _______________
186L ______________
1863 _______________
1862 _______________
186L ______ -' _______

11,900,427
11,066,474
9,533,742
7,790,725
6,688,358

1 Includes some "bootleg" coal purchased by legitimate. operators and prepared


at their breakers. For statistics of "bootleg" operations in Pennsylvania anthracite industry, see Minerals Yearbook, 1945, p. 932. During the 5-year period, 1941-

142

1,829,872
1,672,045
1,504,121
1,244,494
1,108,700

42,988
13,685
8,563
4,583
1,322
12,000

1945, it is estimated that a total of 14,502,424 net tons of "bootleg" anthracite


was produced, of which 6,552,121 net tons was purchased for preparation by
recognized operators.

,I
I

Data: G 19-32

MINING AND MINERALS

Series G 19-32.-FUEL8-BITUMINOUS COAL AND LIGNITEiMINING: 1890 TO 1945


!

[Net tons are of 2,000 pounds. For production data prior to 18!)0, see page 142. See also series G 14-15]

cALCUJ;,ATED CAPACITY
(MILLIONS OF NET TONS).

YEAR

Average

Men Number---~----~----- n~~ber


I mi~es I At At At ~o~~~d
I Production I pio~~d
(net tons)
308
280
261
days

days

days

IBi~E~F4.;~Y~~~~T
I
~~i~~T
ON

OF

PERCENT OF
UNDERGROUND
PRODUCTION

NET TONS
PER MAN

PERCENT OF
TOTAL
PRODUCTION

---.------I---~---I--------------

Per
Per
man em- man on
ployed
strike

Per
day

Per
year

er;a~- c~~- M~~ed

Cut
by ma-
chines

.
l~~:dl~d c~~:~~d
S;i:&-

1_ _ _ _ _ 1 - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 32 31 - - -

19

20

21

22

23

27

26

25

21

28

29

30

13a
---_------1---------1--------- ----- ---- ---- ----- ---- ----- ----- ---- ----- ----- ----- ---1945 __________ ~
1944 ___________
1943 ___________
1942 ___________
194L __________

577,617,327
619,576,240
590,177,069
582,692,937
514,149,245

383 ;100
393,347
416,007
461,991
456,981

7,033
6,928
6,620
6,972
6,822

682
686
689
730
733

620
624
626
663
666

578
582
583
618
621

261
278
264
246
216

1940 ___________
1939 ___________
1938 ___________
1931- __________
1936 ___________

460,771,500
394,855,325
348,544,764
445,531, 449
439,087,903

439,075
421,788
441,333
491,864
477,204

6,324
5,820
5,777
6,548
6,875

703
6R3
663
710
680

639
621
602
646
618

595
579
562
601
576

202
178
162
193
199

543
527
521
554
623

179
178
167
146
160

582
565
559
594
669

1935 ___________
1934 ___________
1933 ___________
1932 ___________
1931-_. _________

372,373,122
359,368,022
333,630,533
309,709,872
382,089,396

462,403
458,011
418,703
406,380
450,213

6,315
6,258
5,555
5,427
5,642

640
622
615
653
736

1930 ___________
1929 ___________
1928 ___________
1927 __ ~~ _______
1926 ___________

467,526,299
534,988,593
500,744,970
517,763,352
573,366,985

493,202
502,993
.522,150
593,918
593,647

5,891
6,057
6,450
7,011
7,177

770
752
760
835
R21

.1925 ___________
1924 ___________
1923 ___________
1922 ___________
192L __________

520,052,741
483,686,538
'564,564,662
422,268,099
415,921,950

588,493
619,604
704,793
687,958
663,754

7,144
7,586
9,331
9,299
8,038

822
871
970
916
860

748
792
885
832
781

1920 ___________
1919 ___________
1918 ___________
1917 ___________
1916 ___________

568,666,683
465,.860,058
579,385,820
551,790,563
502,519,682

639,547
621,998
615,305
603,143
561,102

8,921
8,994
8;319
6,939
5,726

796
736
717
699
673

725
669
650
636
613

675
624
607
593
570

220
195
249
243
230

1915 ___________
1914 ___________
1913 ___________
1912 ___________
1911 ___________

442,624,426
422,703,970
478,435,297
450,104,982
405,907,059

557,456
583,506
571 ,882
548,632
549,775

5,502
5,592
5,776
5,747
5,887

672
668
635
622
593

610
608
577
566
538

569
566
538
527
502

203
195
232
223
211

1910 ___________
1909 ___________
1908 ___________
1907 ___________
1906 ___________

417,111,142
379,744,257
332,573,944
394,759,112
342,874,867

555,533
543,152
516,264
513,258
478,425

5,818
5,775
4,730
4,550
4,430

592
560
531
520
496

538
510
482
473
451

502
474
450
440
420

1905 ___________
1904 ___________
1903 ________ .___
1902 ___________
190L __________

315,062,785
278,659,689
282,749,348
260,216,844
225,828,149

460,629
437,832
415,777
370,056
340,235

5,060
4,650
(1)

460
425
387
348
309

417
386
350
316
281

(I)

(I)

700
679
691
759
7<17

653
638
644
708
696
696
738
823
776
729

187
219
203
191
215
195
171
179
142
149

3
9

19
3
2

8
45
1
2
7
2
78
3

84.8

35.4
31. 0
26.7
20.2
16.3

22.2
20.1
18.2
14.6
13.9

9.4
9.6
8.7
7.1
6.4

15
30
120
35

4.50
4.40
4.78
5.22
5.30

805
785
797
762
849

84.2
84.1
84.7
84.1
83.2

13.5
12.2
12.0
12.3
13.1

12.2
11. 1
10.4
9.8
9.5

6.4
5.8
5.5
6.3

81.0
78.4
76.9
74.9
73.8

10.5
7.4
1.5
3.3
1.8

8.3
6.9
5.7
5.3

4.3
3.8
4.0
3.6
3.0

72.9
71.5
68.3
64.8
66.4.

1.2
0.7
0.3

(I)

43
11
83
153

24

30
73
20
117
23

5.06
4.85
4.73
4.55
4.50
4.52
4.56
4.47
4.28
4.20

948
1,064
959
872
966
884
781
801
609
627

(I)

(1)
(I)

(1)

3.8
(1)

1:.2

0.6
0.3

17
26

881
749
942
915
896

60.7
60.0
56.7
56.1
56.9

3.91
3.71
3.61
3.68
3.50

794
724
837
820
738

55.3
51.8
50.7
46.8
43.9

4.7
4.8
4.6
3.9

61
80
36
35
27

217
209
193
234
213

35
1
11
1
28

89
29
38
14
63

3.46
3.34
3.34
3.29
3.36

751
699
644
769
717

41. 7
37.5
37.0
35.1
34.7

390
360
328
295
262

211
202
225
230
225

8
3
7
2

23
44
28
44
35

3.24
3.15
3.02
3.06
2.94

684
637
680
703
664

32.8
28.2
27.6
26.8
25.6

5
8

43
46

2.98
3.05
3.09
3.04
2.94

697
713
651
596
564

24.9
22.7
19.5
15.3
11. 9

2.90
2.84
2.73
2.72
2.57

563
486
557
596
573

(I)

2.56

579

(I)

4
4

19
4

10

237
216
206
197
187

1895 _____ '______


1894 ___________
189~L __________
1892 ___________
18SL __________

135,118,193
118,820,405
128,385,231
126,856,567
1l7,901,238

239,962
244,603
230,365
212,893
205,803

2,555
(I)

215
214
194
178
163

196
196
174
162
148

182
181
164
151
138

194 _________
171 ________
204 ________
219 ________

129

223

22
37
7

-----------------------------

________ --------

226
2

3.2
2.8
2.1
2.4
1.5
1.2
1.4
1.0
0.8

4.00
3.84
3.78
3.77
3.90

6
25
1

f).0

3.4
3:3
3.6
3.8
4.6
4.6

255
230
221
213
202

Data not available.

1,049
936
790
901l
920

88.4
87.9
87.5

21

5.19
5.25
4.89
4.69
4.62

(I)

(I)

279
254
243
232
221

19.0
16.3
13.5
11.5
10.7

(I)
3,245
2,862
2,454
2,599

137

25.6
25.6
24.7
24.4
22.9

8
36
13

304,375
271,027
255,717
247,817
244,171

152

56.1
52.9
48.9
45.2
40,7

1
25
1

212,316,112
193,323,187
166,593,623
147,617,519
137,640,276

(I)

90.8
90,5
90.3
89.7
89.0

7
27

1900 ___________
1899 ___________
1898 ___________
1897 ___________
1896 ___________

1890 ___________ 111,302,322 192,204

1,508
1,575
1,419
1,261
1,125

1
20

234
234
211
196
192

(I)
(I)
(I)

5.78
5.67
5.38
5.12
5.20

(I)

3.8
3.8
3.6
2.9
2.7

(I)
(I)
(I)

5.3

One-half day or less.

143

Data: G 33-42

MINERALS AND POWER

Series G 33-42.-FUELS-PENNSYLVANIA ANTHRACITE INDUSTRY: 1890 TO 1945


[Net tons are of 2,000 pounds. For production data prior to 1890, see page 142. See also series G 17-181
FOREIGN TRADE
(NE'l'TONS)

Production
(net tons) .

YEAR

16a

Average
Average
number of number of
employees days worked

Cut by
machines

Produced
by
stripping

Loaded rnechanically
underground

40 .

41

4:2

1,210,171
1,336,082
1,624,883
2,285,640
1,855,422

10,056,325
10,953,030
8,989,387
9,070,933
7,316,574

13,927,955
14,975,146
14,745,793
14,741,459
13,441,987

562
553
478
523
535

1,816,483
1,881,884
1,588,407
1,984,512
2,162,744

6,352,700
5,486,479
5,095,341
5,696,018
6,203,267

12,326,000
11,773,833
10,151,669
10,683,831
10,827,946

2.68
2.53
2.60
2.54
2.37

505
524
473
411
428

1,848,095
1,981,088
1,648,249
1,614,223
1,581,265

5,187,072
5,798,138
4,932,069
3,980,973
3,813,237

9,279,057
9,284,486
6,557,267
5,433,340
4,384,780'

208
225
217
225
244

2.21
2.16
2.17
2.15
2.09

460
487
469
485
511

1,410,123
1,159,910
1,289,809
1,171 ,888
931,650

2,536,288
1,911,766
2,422,924
2,153,156
2,401,356

4,467,750
3,470,158
22,351,074
22,223,281

160,312
160,009
157,743
156,849
159,499

182
274
268
151
271

2.12
2.00
2.21
2.31
2.09

386
550
592
349
567

941,189
1,423,884
1,208,542
5d2,793
979,145

1,518,478
1,865,677
2,263,098
949,745
2,027, '490

85,786,000
81,518,000
92,775,000
94,068,000
87,118,000

145,074
154,571
141,121
154,174
159,869

271
266
293
285
253

2.28
2.14
2.29
2.27
2.16

618
570
672
646
548

938,073
1,575,205
1,857,514
1,955,223
1,839,506

2,054,441
2,006,879
2,360,183
2,301.588
1,987,800

814
17,696
1,004
1,870
2,759

88,144,000
84,041,000
85,474,000
80,232,000
86,486,000

176,552
179,679
175,745
174,030
172,585

230
245
257
231
246

2.19
2.06
2.02
2.10
2.13

504
505
520
485
524

9,180
3,574
18,462
11 ,085
36,236

81,110,000
77,890,000
80,205,000
82,594,000
68,836,000

169,497
2171 ,195
174,174
161,234
162,355

229
205
200
220
195

38,350
81,232
196,837
190,636
320

15,201,000
70,142,000
72,554,000
40,547,000
65,239,000

165,406
155,861
150,483
148,141
145,309

132
68
3,527
27,478
113,892

55,515,000
58,505,000
51,873,000
51,185,000
152,948,000

158,297
100,876
60,220
12,865
42,120
16,962

Per man
per day

Per man
per year

38

39

Imports

33

34

35

149
11 ,847
166,020
140,115
74,669

51,600,000
59,400,000
57,100,000
56,500,000
52,700,000

72,842
77,591
79,153
82,121
88,054

269
292
270
239
203

2.79
2.79
2.78
2.95
3.04

751
815
751
705
617

135,436
298,153
362,895
395,737
614,639

49,000,000
49,700,000
45,200,000
50,400,000
53,200,000

91,313
93,138
96,417
99,085
102,081

186
183
171
189
192

3.02
3.02
2.79
2.77
2.79

571 ,439
478,118
456,252
601,097
637,951

51,100,000
55,500,000
49,600,000
50,500,000
58,408,000

103,269
109,050
104,633
121,243
139,431

189
207
182'
162
181

674,812
487,172
384,707
119,030
813,956

67,628,000
71 ,457,000
73,650,000
74,672,000
77,221,000

150,804
151,501
160,681
165,259
165,386

382,894
117,951
300,360
233,528
8,894

64,061,000
80,717,000
86,914,000
56,799,000
81,950,000

31,748
82,818
37,272
13,000
6,000

36

37

498

2.17
(8)

(3)

----------------------------------

---------"..------------------------------ .. --------------------------

-----------------------

1,121,603 ----- .. ----------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- --- -- -- - -------------- ------------ -------- -------------- ------------ ---------------------- ------------ ---------------------- ------------ ---------------- ---'--- ------------ -------- ---------- ---- ------------ ------------------ ---- ------------ -------------------- .. - ------------ ---------------------- ----.-------- ---------------------- ------------- -------- -------------- ------------ -------- -------------- ------------ ---------------------- -- - -- _.. ----- -------- -------------- .. ----------- - ----------------- ---- ------- .. ---- - --------------------- - ----------- - ----------1,307,756
916,596
555,176
246,216
69,907

2.39
2.33
2.25

478
512
439

215
200
206
116
196

2;18
2.35
2.41
2.40
2.37

470
469
496
279
464

144,206
139,608
145,504
149,884
148,991

166
173
152
150
174

2.40
2.50
2.41
2.34
2.10

398
433
367
351
365

56,510,000
50,408,000
52,534,000
51,592,000
49,743,000

142,917
131,603
132,944
129,050
126,350

196
190
197
198
203

2.07
2.08
2.06
2.06
1. 98

406
395 ----------- - ----------- - ----------406 ----------- - ----------- - ----------407 ----------- - ----------- -----------401 ----------- - ----------- - -----------

45,596,000

126,000

200

1. 85

369

1 Includes some "bootleg" coal purchased by legitimate operators and prepared


at their breakers.
2 As reported by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Mines.

144

OPERATIONS (NET TONS)

Exports

1945 ______________ I 54, 933 ,909 3,691,247


1944 ______________ I 63,701,363 4,185,933
1943 ______________ 160,643,620 4,138,680
1942 ______________ 1 60,327,729 4,438,588
194L _____________ 156,368,267 3,380,189
1940 ______________
51,484,640 2,667,632
1939 ______________ 51,487,377
2,590,000
1938 ______________ 46,099,027 1,908,911
1937 ______________ 51,856,433 1,914,173
1936 ______________
54,579,535 1,678,024
1935 ______________
1,608,549
52,158,783
1934 ______________
57,168,291 1,297,610
1933 ______________ 49,541,344
1,034,562
1932 ______________ 49,855,221 1,303,355
193L _____________
59,645,652 1,778,308
1930 ______________ 69,384,837 2,551,659
1929 ______________
73,828,195 3,406,369
1928 ______________ 75,348,069
3,336,272
1927 ______________ 80,095,564 3,325,507
1926 __ -' ___________ 84,437,452 4,029,683
1925 ______________ 61,817,149 3,179,006
192L _____________ 87,926,862
4,017,785
1923 ______________ 93,339',009 5,090,138
1922 ______________
54,683,022 2,649,451
192L ___ _________ 90,473,451 4,671,368
1920 ______________ 89,598,249 5,403,749
1919 ______________ 88,092,201 4,976,598
1918 ______________ 98,826,084 4,967,808
1917 ______________ 99,611
,811 6,007,306
1916 ______________ 87,578,493
4,665,530
1915 ______________ 88,995,061 3,965,255
1914 ______________
4,289,873
1913 ______________ 90,821,507
91,524,922 4,652,912
1912 ______________ 84,361,598
4,131,444
191L ____________
90,464,067 3,980,479
1910 ______________ 84,485,236 3,384,222
1909 ______ .________ 81,070,359
3,183.840
1908 ______________ 83,268;754 3,082,641
1907 ______________ 85,604,312 3,021,841
1906 ______________ 71 ,282 ,411 2,483,005
1905 ______________ 77,659,850 2,497,581
190L _____________ 73,156,709 2,495,799
1903 ______________ 74,607,068 2-,249,920
1902 ______________ 41,373,595
1,016,934
190L _____________ 67,.471 ,667 2,232,504
1900 ______________ 57,361,915 1,853,163
1899 ______________ 60,418,005 1,912,732
1898 ______________ 53,382,645
1,513,062
1897 ______________ 52,611 ,681 1,454,620
1896 ______________ 54,346,081 1,512,000
1895 ______________
1,647,195
1894 ______________ 57,999,337
51,921,121 1,613,500
1893 ______________ 53
;967 ,543 1,493,281
1892 ______________ 52,472,504
953,836
189L _____________ 50,665,431
964,601
1890 ______________ 46,468,641
889,655
~

OUTPUT
(AVERAGE TONS)

EMPLOYMENT

Consumption
calculated
(net tons)

Data not available.

-----------

- ----------- - -----------

MINING AND MINERALS

Series G 43-56.-FUEL8-COKE INDUSTRY: 1880 TO 1945


1

INet tons are of 2.000 pounds

I
YEAR

NUMBER OF OVENS

PRODUCTION
(MILLION NET TONS)

I
Total
coke

Byproduct
Quantity

Percent of
total
coke

- - - - ---- - 45
43

44

,-

Byproduct

Beehive
coke

In existence

46

47

.l:Seehive,
Under
construc- in existence
tion
at end
of year

48

49

Coal
charged
(m.illion
net tons)

Average
dollar
Yield of
coke from value of
coke per
coal
ton at
(percent)
plant

50

51

52

TOTAL VALUE OF PLANT


(MILLIONS OF DOLLARS)

Total

coke
and byproducts
53

Coke

Beehive

Byproduct

54

55

AU byproducts

56

1945 _________
1944 _________
1943 _________
1942 _________
1941- ________

67.3
74.0
71.7
70.6
65.2

62.1
67.0
63.8
62.3
58.5

92.3
90.6
88.9
88.3
89.7

5.2
7.0
7.9
8.3
6.7

14,510
14,580
14,253
13,303
13,016

335
180
528
1,327
181

12,179
16,318
17,666
16,295
18,669

95.7
105.3
102.5
100.8
93.1

70.4
70.3
70.0
70.0
70.0

7.56
7.13
6.64
6.03
5.41

699
736
686
629
536

38
49
52
47
37

470
479
424
378
316

191
208
210
204
183

1940 _________
1939 _________
1938_________
1937,, ________
1936 _________

57.1
44.3
32.5
52.4
46.3

54.0
42.9
31. 7
49.2
44.6

94.6
96.7
97.4
94.0
96.3

3.1
1.4
0.8
3.2
1.7

12,734
12,732
12,724
12,718
12,849

492

15,150
10,934
10,816
12,194
13,012

81.4
63.5
46.6
74.5
65.9

70.1
69.8
69.7
70.3
70.2

4.80
4.80
5.14
4.98
5.02

442
355
283
412
369

14
6
4
14
7

260
207
163
247
226

168
142
116
151
136

1935 _________
1934 _________
1933 _____ - --1932 ______ - -193L ________

35.1
31.8
27.6
21.8
33.5

34.2
30.8
26.7
21.1
32.4

97.4
96.8
96.7
97.0
96.6

0.9
1.0
0.9
0.7
1.1

12,860
12,963
13,053
13,053
13,108

13,674
14,206
16,857
19,440
21,588

50.5
46.0
40.1
31.9
48.6

69.6
69.2
68.7
68.3
68.9

5.03
5.01
4.46
4.79
4.83

290
263
218
193
287

4
4
3
2
4

173
155
120
103
158

113
104
95
88
125

1930 _________
1929 _____ - - -1928 _________
1927 _________
1926 _________

48.0
59.9
52.8
51.1
56.9

45.2
53.4
48.3
43.9
44.4

94.2
89.2
91.5
85.9
78.0

2.8
6.5
4.5
7.2
12.5

12,831
12,649
12,544
12,475
11,716

276
408
145
289
978

23,907
30,082
41,288
49,795
52,558

69.8
86.8
77.2
74.4
82.9

68.7
69.0
68.4
68.6
68.6

4.36
4.66
4.79
5.13
5.41

378
471
430
422
465

10
23
16
30
57

200
256
237
232
251

168
192
117
160
157

1925 _________
1924 _________
1923 _________
1922 _______ -192L _____ - --

51.3
44.3
57.0
37.1
25.3

39.9
34.0
37.6
28.5
19.8

77.9
76.8
66.0
76.9
78.1

11.4
10.3
19.4
8.6
5.5

11 ,290
11 ,413
11,156
11,212
11,142

429
247
629
403
85

57,587
60,432
62,349
63,958
66,014

74.5
65.0
84.4
54.3
37.2

68.8
68.1
67.5
68.3
68.0

5.12
5.51
6.56
6.42
5.84

406
364
504
333
216

52
48
116
50
30

211
196
257
188

118

143
120
131
95
68

1920 _________
1919 _________
1918 ______ --1917. ________
1916 _________

51.3
44.2
56.5
55.6
54.5

30.8
25.1
26.0
22.4
19.1

60.0
56.9
46.0
40.4
35.0

20.5
19.1
30.5
33.2
35.4

10,881
10,379
9,279
7,869
7,283

396
877
1,815
2,260
2,084

75,298
82,560
84,635
88,027
91,581

76.2
65.6
85.0
83;8
81.6

67.4
61.4
66.4
66.4
66.8

9.27
5.85
6.77
5.36
3.13

581
326
459
366
233

163
98
189
159
96

313
160
193
139
75

105
68
17
68
62

1915 _________
1914 _____ - - -1913 _________
1912 _______ -1911. ________

41.6
34.6
46.3
44.0
35.6

14.1
11.2
12.7
11.1
7.9

33.8
32.5
27.5
25,3
22.1

27.5
23.4
33.6
32.9
27.7

6,268
5,809
5,688
5,211
4,624

1,191
644
504
793
698

93,110
93,946
96,962
97,019
99,255

61.8
51.6
69.2
65.6
53.3

67.2
66.9
66.9
67.1
66.7

2.54
2.56
2.78
2.54
2.37

136
106
146
126
94

57
50
80
69
57

49
38
49
43
27

30
18
17
14
10

1910 _________
190(1). ________
1908 _________
1907 _________
1906. ________

41.7
39.3
26.0
40.8
36.4

7.1
6.2
4.2
5.6
4.6

17.1
15.9
16.1
13.8
12.5

34.6
33.1
21.8
35.2
31.8

4,078
3,989
3,799
3,684
3,547

1,200
949
240
330
112

100,362
99,993
97,419
95,996
90,354

63.1
59.4
39.4
61. 9
55.7

66.1
66.2
66.0
65.8
65.3

. 2.39
2.29
2.40
2.74
2.52

108
98
69
120

75
10
48
90

25
20

8
8
7

1905 _________
1904 _________
1903 _________
1902 ________ ..:
1901. ________

32.2
23.7
25.3
25.4
21.8

3.4
2.6
1.9
1.4
1.2

10.7
11.0
7.4
5.5
5.4

28.8
21.1
23.4
24.0
20.6

3,103
2,910
1,956
1,663
1,165

417
832
1,335
1,346
1,533

84,405
80,689
77,378
67,406
62,786

49.5
36.5
39.4
39.6
34.2

65.1
64.8
64.1
64.1
63.1

2.25
1. 95
2.63
2.49
2.04

1900 _________
1899 ____ - - - -1898 __ ______
1897 _______ .:._
1896 _____ - - --

20.5
19.7
16.0
13.3
11.8

1.1
0.9
0.3
0.3
0.1

5.2
4.6
1.8
2.0
0.7

19.4
18.8
15.7
13.0
11.7

1,085
1,020
520
280
160

1,096
65
500
240
120

57,399
48,583
47,863
47,388
46,184

32.1
30.2
25.2
20.9
18.1

63.9
. 65.1
63.6
63.6
63.1

2.31
1.16
1.59
1.66
1.84

20.8
14.4
14.9
18.8
16.3

64.0
64.0
63.5
63.8
63.3

1.44
1.34
1. 74
1.96
1.97

-----i46259
305
122

_-------

...
... --------

-----------------

(1)

72
46
66
63
44

(I>
(I>
(I)
(I)
(I)

47
35
26
22
22

(I)
(I)
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)

(I)

(I)

23
17
12
15
11

23
17
12
15
11

63.3
61.3
64.2
63.3
62.8

1.49
1.49
1.49
1. 77
1.88

8
7
8
8
8

8
7
8
8
8

63.7

1.99

7 ---------

1890 _____ -- -1889 _________


1888 _________
1881 _____ -- -1886 _____ - - --

11.5
10.3
8.5
7.6
6.8

--------- ... ---------------- ... ---------------- ... ---------------- ... -------------"--- ... --------

11.5
10.3
8.5
7.6
6.8

--------- ... ---.------------- ... --------

--------- ... ---------------- ... ---------------- ... --------

37,158
34,165
30,059
26,001
22,597

18.0
16.0
12;9
11.9
10.7

63.9
64.3
66.0
64.2
64.0

1885 _________
1884 ______ - -1883 _________
1882 _______ -1881. ____ - ---

5.1
4.9
5.5
4.8
4.1

... --------

5.1
4:9
5.5
4.8
4.1

--------- - ---------------- - ---------------- .. ---------------- - ---------------- - --------

20,116
19,557
18,304
16,356
14,119

8.1
8.0
8.5
7.6
6.5

1880 ____ - - ---

3.3 --------- .. --------

3.3 --------- .. --------

12,372

5.2

<I)

2.02
1.62
1.46
2.01
1.63

60
72
13.3
60
12
9.2
12 --------9.5
12.0 --------- ... -------10.4
... --------

.. .. ------- -------- -------.. --------

92

24
20

0.1
0.02
13.3
0.2
0.02
9.2
0.1
0.01
9.5
12.0 --------- ... --------------10.4 --------- ...

-----------------------------------------

22

(I)

(I)
19
(I)
12
<I)
17
24 --------- ... -------20 --------- - ...... - .. -- --

1895 _________
1894_.____ - ___
1893 _________
1892 ___ -- ---1891- ______ ._

45,493
44,760
44,189
42,002
40,057

----~----

14

(1)

(I)
(I)

-_ ... _----- ... ------ .. --------- ... ---------------- ... ---------------- ... -----_ .. --------- - ------------------------------------------------

- -----_ .. - --_ .. ----

--------

--------

- ------ ... - -----_ ... -

No accurate data on value of the byproducts available.

145

Data: G

57~64

MINERALS AND POWER

Series G 57-58.-FUELS-PETROLEU:M:,

PRODUCTION~:

1859 TO 1945

I Quantities in thousands of barrels (42 gallons). Value in thousands of dollars)


Quantity

Value

57

58

1945 _______
1944 _______
1943 _______
1942 _______
194L ______

1,713,655
1 ;677,904
1,505,613
1,386,645
1,402,228

2,094,250
2,032,960
1,809,020
1,643,470
1,602,000

1940 _______
1939 _______
1938 _______
1937 _______
1936 _______

1,353,214
1,264,962
1,214,355
1,279,160
1,099,687

1,385,440
1,294,470
1,373,060
1,513,340
1,097,820

1935 ____ . __
1934 _______
1933 _______
1932 _______
193L ______

996,596
908,065
905,656
785,159
851,081

961,440
904,825
608,000
680,460
550,630

1930_ ... ____


1929 _______
1928 _______

898,011
1,007,323
901,474

1,070,200
1,280,417
1,054,880

YEAR

Quantity

Value

57

58

YEAR

-----

Quantity

Value

57

58

Quantity

Value

57

58

1892 ______
189L _____

50,515
54,293

25,907
30,527

1890 ______
1889 ____ ~_
1888 ______
1887 ______
1886 ______

45,824
35,164
27,612
28,283
28,065

35,365
26,963
17,948
18,877
19,996

1885 ______
1884 ______
1883 ______
1882 ______
188L _____

21,859
24,218
23,450
30,350
27,661

19,198
20,596
25,790
23,631
25,448

1880 ______
1879 ______
1878 ______
1877 ______
1876 ______
1859-1875_

26,286
19,914
15,397
13,350
9,133
74,072

24,601
17,211
18,045
31,789
22,983
215,781

YEAR

1927 ______
1926 ______

901,129
770,874

1,172,830
1,447,760

1925 ______
1924 ______
1923 ______
1922 ______
192L _____

763,743
713,940
732,407
557,531
472,183

1,284,960
1,022,683
978,430
895,111
814,745

1920 ______
1919 ______
1918 ______
1917 ______
1916 ______

442,929
378,367
355,928
335,316
300,767

1,360,745
760,266
703,944
522,635
330,900

1915 ______
1914 ______
1913 ______
1912 ______
191L _____

281,104
265,763
248,446
222,935
220,449

179,463
214,125
237,121
164,213
134,045

YEAR

1910 ______
1909 ______
1908 ______
1907 ______
1906 ______

209,557
183,171
178,527
166,095
126,494

127,900
128,329
129,079
120,107
92,445

1905 ______
1904 ______
1903 ______
1902 ______
190L _____

134,717
117,081
100,461
88,767
69,389

84,157
101,175
94,694
71 ,179
66,417

1900 ______
1899 ______
1898 ______
1897 ______
1896 ______

63,621
57,071
55,364
60,476
60,960

75,989
64,604
44,193
40,874
58,519

1895 ______
1894 ______
1893 ______

52,892
49,344
48,431

57,632
35,522
28,950

Series G 59-64.-FUELS-NATURAL GAS AND NATURAL GASOLINE, PRODUCTION: 1906 TO 1945


NATURAL GAS (PRODUCED AND
DELIVERED TO CONSUMER)

NATURAL GASOLINE
(PRODUCED)

Value at points
of consumption
YEAR

Total

NATURAL GAS (PRODUCED AND


DELIVERED TO CONSUMER)

Total

Average
per M
cubic feet

59

60

61

1945 ______
1944 _____
1943 _____
1942 _____
194L ____

Million
cu. ft.
3,918,686
3,711 ,039
3,414,689
3,053,4715
2,812,658

dollars
837,852
797,255
760,950
692,737
621,333

Cents
21. 4
21.5
22.3
22.7
22.1

gallons
3,290,949
3,031,308
2,773,218
2,725,968
2,688,714

dollars
145,570
' 148,200
122,500
102,565
105,815

Cents
4.4
4.9
4.4
3.8
3.9

1940 _____
1939 _____
1938 _____
1931- ____
1936 _____

2,660,222
2,476,756
2,295,562
2,407,620
2,167,802

577,939
534,240
500,698
528,354
476,813

21. 7
21. 6
21.8
21. 9
22.0

2,339,400
2,169,300.
2,156,574
2,065,434
1,796,340

68,261
90,050
87,266
97,125
84,572

1935 _____
1934 _____
1933 _____
1932 _____
193L ____

1,916,595
1,770,721
1,555,474
1,555,990
1,686,436

429,374
395,378
368,540
384,632
392,816

22.4
22.3
23.7
24.7
23.3

1,651,986
1,535,360
1,420,000
1,523,800
1,831,918

1930 _____
1929 _____
1928 _____
1921- ____
1926 _____

1,943,421
1,917,693
1,568,139
1,445,428
1,313,019

416,090
413,276
363,726
317,930
300,168

21.4
21. 6
23.2
22.0
22.9

2,210,494
2,233,688
1,814 ,034
1,641,144
1,363,090

62
1,000

1,000

Total

Average
per
gallon

63

64

Total

YEAR

59

Total

Average
per M
cubic feet

60

61

62

dollars
265,271
253,856
240,001
221,535
174;617

2.9
4.2
4.0
4.7
4.7

1920 _____
1919 _____
1918 _____
1917 _____
1916 _____

798,210
745,916
721,001
795,110
753,170

196,194
160,888
153,554
142,089
120,227

24.6.
21. 6
21.3
17.9
16.0

70,940
60,523
54,368
49,244
63,732

4.3
3.9
3.8
3.2
3.5

1915 _____
1914 _____
1913 _____
1912 _____
191L ____

628,579
591,867
581,898
562,203
512,993

101,312
94,116
87,847
84,564
74,622

16.1
15.9
15.1
15.0
14.5

128,160
158,410
138,944
118,688
136,412

5.8
7.1
7.7
7.2
10.0

1910 _____
1909 _____
1908 _____
1907 _____
1906 _____

509,155
480,706
402,141
406,622
388,843

70,756
63,207
54,640
54,222
46,874

13.9
13.1
13.6
13.3
12.1

Estimated.

Value at plant
Total

Million
cu. ft.
1925 _____ 1,188,571
1924 _____ 1,141,521
1923 _____ 1,006,976
1922 _____
762,546
192L ____
662,052

1,000

! Includes cycle products as follows-'-1939, 39,354,000 gallons; 1940, 165,690,000


gallons; "1941, 480,354,000 gallons; 1942, 654,864,000 gallons; 1943, 657,846,000
gallons; 1944, 843,024,000 gallons. Cycle plants were first used in 1939.

146

Value at points
of consumption

Value at plant
Total!

NATURAL GASOLINE
(PRODUCED)

1,000

1,000

Cents
22.3
22.2
23.8
29.1
26.4

Total

Average
per
gallon

63

&4

1,000

gallons
1,127,470
933,861
816,226
505,832
449,934

dollars
120,383
82,233
77,268
72,711
61,815

Cents
10.7
8.8
9.5
14.4
13.7

384,744
351,535
282,536
217,884
103,493

71,788
64.197
50,364
40,189
14,331

18.7
18.3
17.8
18.4
13.8

65,365
42,653
24,061
12,081
7,426

5,151
3,106
2,458
1,157
532

7.9
7.3
10.2
9.6
7.2

----------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- ----- .... ----

--------------------------------- .. --

Data: G 65-76

MINING AND MINERALS

Series G 65-76._NONMETALS-BUILDINGMATERIALS, PRODUCTION: 1880 TO 1945


[Short tons are of 2,000 pounds]

HYDRAULIC CEMENT

s'rONE

SLATE

SAND AND GRAVEL

LIME
______________________________
-----------------------------------I--S-o-ld-o-r---------GYPSUM 2

fi~i~h:d

Shipments!

Value

Crude
gypsum
mined

products
sold

Value

Sold or
used3

Value

Products
sold or
used

Value

used by
producers
(approximate)

Value

65

66

67

68

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

1945 _____ - - - - - - - - - - 1944 _____ - - - - - - - - - - 1943 ________ - - - - - - -1942 _______ - - - - - - - -1941 _____ - -- -- - - - - --

1,000
barrels
107,833
95,592
129,479
187,809
1,70,365

1,000
dollars
175,431
151,997
202,460
286,905
250,589

1,000
short tons
3,812
3,761
3,878
4,698
4,789

1,000
dollars
60,149
55,700
59,097
63,171
69,758

1,000
short tons
5,921
6,474
6,597
6,104
6,079

1,000
dollars
45,918
48,698
49,064
44,367
42,941

1,000
short tons
195,524
194,783
234,064
304,346
288,715

1,000
dollars
128,837
125,164
152,793
188,500
147,207

1,000
short tons
552
478
469
591
619

1 ,000
dollars
5,659
5,004
'1,870
6,360
7,516

1,000
short ions
153,405
155,580
171 ,343
195,884
183,108

1,000
dollars
179,308
175,642
184,320
205,002
195,337

1940 _______ - - - - - - - -1939 _____ - - -- - -----1938 _____ ----- -----1937 _____ - - - - - - - - - -1936 ______ - - - - - - - - --

132,864
125,057
108,192
115,678
114,611

193,465
184,255
156,703
171,414
172,778

3,699
3,227
2,684
3,058
2,713

53,493
45,928
36,256
38,801
434,325

4,887
4,254
3,347
4,124
3,749

33,956
30,049
24,138
30,091
26,934

238,308
226,008
181,320
189,660
178,330

110,688
106,066
85,923
97,473
90,308

473
531
493
445
455

5,738
6,682
5,655
5,605
5,485

153,733
147,447
124,839
'133,143
131,416

160,044
158,462
139,255
146,213
141,526

1935 _____ - - - - - - - - - -1934 _____ - - - - - - - - - -1933 ___ - - - - - - - - - - - -1932 ____ - - - - - - -- - --1931 ___ - - - - - - - - - - - --

76,244
76,579
64,761
81,368
128,377

114,810
117,882
86,229
82,718
142,580

1,904
1,536
1,335
1,416
2,559

, 24,625
, 18,000
416,225
, 18,400
, 29,875

2,987
2,397
2,269
1,960
2,708

21,749
17,164
14,254
12,302
18,675

123,924
116,612
107,755
120,038
153,479

61,977
61,247
53,073
57,522
86,280

330
233
260
284
368

3,650
2,708
2,696
3,104
5,498

83,159
92,064
70,222
70,644
97,938

87,824
98,980
80,946
89,064
135,086

1930 ______ - - - - - - - - -1929 ____ - - - - - - - - - - -1928 ___ c ___ ,./- - -- ---1927 ___ - - - - - - - --- --1926 _____ -- - --------

160,846
172,027
178,052
174,023
164,219

231,249
255,105
278,883
281,736
280,786

3,471
5,016
5,102
5,347
5,635

437,850
441,000
442,575
42,174
46,721

3,388
4,270
4,458
4,415
4,560

25,616
33,479
36,450
38,638
41,566

197,052
222,572
209,119
197,454
183,101

115,177
132,836
119,208
115,530
111 ,339

464
670
646
692
718

7,912
11 ,245
11 ,472
11 ,381
12,353

126,996
141,110
133,870
136,345
124,496

178,949
202,693
196,821
198,647
188,309

1925 _____ - - - - - --- - -1924 _____ - - - - - - - - - -1923 ___ - - - - - - - - - - - -1922 _____ - - - - - - - - - -1921_" - - - -- - - - - - - - --

159,047
147,466
137,184
118,591
96,047

281,076
266,053
259,632
208,464
181,675

5,678
5,043
4,753
3,780
2,891

47,577
42,725
34,888
29,361
23,700

4,581
4,072
4,076
3,640
2,532

42,609
39,596
39,994
33,255
24,895

172,001
156,230
139,932
94,867
79,845

107,542
97,013
90,90464,618
56,484

725
728
707
608
412

12,575
11,776
12,077
9,177
7,322

115,851
103,184
103,319
80,212
63,539

174,217
161,870
159,470
122,067
106,962

1920 _____ -- - ~ - ---- --1919 _____ -- - -------1918 _____ - - - - - - - - - - 1917 _____ - - - - - - - - - -1916 __ - - - - - -- - -- - ---

97,079
86,141
71 ,348
91,343
95,394

195,590
147,318
113,718
123,210
104,689

3,129
2,420
2,057
2,696
2,758

24,533
15,728
11 ,471
11,116
7,959

3,570
3,330
3,206
3,786
4,073

37,544
29,449
26,809
23,808
18,509

82,041
70,576
61,824
76,419
89,092

65,662
45,952
37,927
35,297
29,810

469
410
5286
5395
5422

8,726
6,031
4,841
5,750
5,339

78,527
65,539
68,563
83,575
91,831

133,542
96,709
82,700
82,216
79,070

1915" __ - - - - - - - -- -- -1914 _____ - - - - - - - - - -1913 ______ ------ ---1912 ______ - - - - -----191 L __ - - - - - - - - - - - --

87,685
87,258
89,541
85,926
79,548

75,155
80,533
89,551
69,554
66,705

2,448
2,476
2,600
2,501
2,324

6,597
6,896
6,775
6,564
6,462

3,623
3,381
3,595
3,529
3,393

14,424
13,269
14,648
13,970
13,689

76,603
79,282
79,556
68,355
66,847

23,122
23,847
24,218
23,113
21,159

5386
5427
.1465
1i 482

4,959
5,707
6,175
6,043
5,728

74,595
77,544
83,733
78,193
77,109

1910 ______ - -- --- ---1909 _____ - - - - - - - - - -____________ .-190L __ -- -- - -- - - - --1906 ____ - - - - - - - - - - --

77,785
66,690
52,911
52,230
51,000

68,752
53,611
44,478
55,904
55,302

2,379
2,253
1,722
1,752
1,541

6,523
5,907
4,076
4,942
3,838

3,506
3,4B5
2,767
3,093
3,198

14,088
13,846
11 ,091
12,657
12,481

69,410
59,566
37,216
41,852
32,932

21,038
18,337
13,270
14,492
12,698

6,237
5,441
6,317
6,019
5,668

76,521
71 ,345
65,712
71 ,106
66,379

1905 _____ - - - - - - - - - - 190L __ - - - - - - - - - - - -1903 ___ - - - - - - - - - - - -1902 ___ - - - - - - - - - - - -190 L __ - - - - - - - - - - - - -

40,102
31,675
29,899
25,754
20,069

35,932
26,032
31,931
25,366
15,787

1,043
941
1,042
816
634

3,029
2,784
3,793
2,089
1,507

2,984
2,708

10,942
9,951
9,256
9,336
8,204

23,205
10,680
2,111
1,848

11 ,224
5,748
1,831
1,424

5,496
5,617
6,257
5,696
4,788

63,799
58,766
57,433
54,799
47,284

1900 ___ - - - - - - - - - - - - 1899 ___ - _- - - - - - - - - -1898 ___ - - - - - - - - - - - - 1897 ___ - - - - - - - - - - - -1896 ___ - - - - - - - - - - - - -

17,231
15,855
12,344
11 ,038
9,526

13,284
13,157
10,058
8,227
6,485

594
486
292
289
224

1,627
1,287
755
756
573

4,240
3,963
3,724
3,525
2,746

36,971
35,245
28,635
26,894
23,965

1895 ___ - - - - - - - - - - - -1894 ___ - - - - - - - - - - - - 1893 ___ - - - - - - - - - - - - 1892 ____ - - - - - - - - - - - 189L __ - - - - - - - - - - - --

8,731
8 ,36~
8,002
8,759
8,223

5,482
5,019
4,410
5,144
4,639

266
239
254
256
208

2,699
2,790
2,523
4,117
3,826

26,656
27,306
833,737
848,225
845,769

(1)

1890 ___ - - - - - - - - - - - -1889 ___ - - - - - - - - - - - -1888 ___ - - - - - - - - - - - - 1887 ___ - - - - - - - - - - - - 1886 _______ -- - ------

7,777
6,832
6,503
6,943
4,500

4,527
5,203
5,021
5,674
3,990

3,483
2,053
1,720
1,610

949,761
42,926
26,719
26,516
20,220

1885 ___ - - - - - - - - - - - -188L __ -- -- -- - - ----1883 ___ - - - - - - - - - - - - 1882 ___ - - - - - - - - - - - - 1881 _____ -- --- --- ---

4,150
4,000
4,190
3,250
2,500

1,648
1,852
Q,898
51,754
51,544

19,030
18,849
20,009
~1, 556
22,556

51.530

20,626

1880 ___ - - - - - - - - -- - --

2,073

YEAR

1908~

Said by
producers

69

(6)
(6)
(6)

----1------1------1-------1------- - - - - - - - - -

(6)

6,797 ---------- ---------- ---------6,983 ---------- ---------- ---------6,887 ---------- ---------- ---------6,390 -.-------- ---------- ---------6,328 ------.--- ---------- ----------

797
762
697
695
628

(6)
(6)

6,589
8,288

183
268
110
95
95

575
764
550
425
429

(6)

4,909
4,675
4,250

8,217 ---------- ---------- ---------24,544 ---------- ---------- ---------23,375 ---------- ---------- ---------21,250 ---------- ---------- ----------

3,492
3,720
4,294
3,673
2,529

90
90
90
100
85

405
390
420
450
350

4,000
3,700
3,200
3,100
3,000

20,000 ---------18,500 ---------19,200


21,700
20,000

1,853

90

400

2.800

1q ,000

(6)

(6)
(6)
(~)

(6)
(6)

(7)
(1)

(~)

(7)

(6)

, (1)

---------- . - - - - - - - - - ....... --------.-------- -.-------- -----_.---

---------- ---------- ------------------- .--------- ------------------- ---------- -------------------

.---------

----------

---------- ------------------- ----------

Estimated.
Not available.
7 Included under "Stone." Separate figures not available.
~ Includes lime.
9. Includes lime and slate.
5

! 1880-1911 data are for production.


1880-1927, value of products made from domestic crude gypsum; 1928-45,
value of products made from domestic, imported, and byproduct crude gypsum.
3 By commercial and government-and-contractor producers.
4 Revised figures partly estimated, to make them comparable with 1937 and
succeeding years.
2

147

MINERALS AND POWER

Data: G 77-92

Series G 77-92.-NONMETALS-CHEMICAL AND FERTILIZER ~.1.LA...TERIALS, AND 1\1AG:NESITE,


PRODUCTION: 1880 TO 1945
{Short tons are of 2,000 pounds; long tons are of 2,240 pounds]

YEAR

Sold or
used by
producers

Value

Sold or
used by
producers

Value

Sold or
used by
producers

- --- --- -----81


80
78
79
77
- - - - - - --- - - - 1,000 1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000

1945 ____
1944 ____
1943 ____
1942 ____
194L ___

8hort ton8
696
519
420
429
503

dollar8
5,349
3,558
2,797
2,673
3,134

long ton8
878
327
308
316
339

dollar8 short tons


2,022 15,394
1,814 15,717
1,646 15,214
1,547 13,693
1,519 12,721

Value

Quantity

Value

Quantity

Value

82

83

84

85

86

1,000

1,000

dollars
46,069
45,989
43,878
38,144
33,620

Long tons
3,753,188
3,218,158
2,,538,786
3,460,686
3,139,253

dollars
60,051
51,491
40,621
55,371
50,228

Longton8
722,596
788,530
802,384
720,363
645,257

Phosphate rock

Potash (&0)

Pyrites

Sulfur

Salt

Feldspar

Barite

MAGNESITE

FERTILIZER MATERIALS

CHEMICAL MATERIALS

Sold by
producers

Sold or
used by
producers

Value

88

89

90

dollars
30,314
29,487
26,183
23,963
17,368

long tons
5,807
5,377
5,126
4,644
4,690

Value

Crude,
mined

Value

-------------- -92
91
87

1,000

1,000

dollar8 short tons


870
2,700
818
2,598
.
732
2,884
681
2,464
531
2,009

-- - -1 ,000
- - -1,000
- - -1,000
-1,000
- - -1,000
dollars short tons
336
23,951
561
20,856
755
18,962
. 497
16,597
375
15,596

dollars
2,825
4,407
6,072
3,874
2,656

1940 ____
1939 ____
1938 ____
1937 ____
1936 ____

409
384
310
356
283

2,597
2,344
2,005
2,241
1,675

291
253
196
269
245

1,272
1,113
895
1,383
1,303

10,360
9,278
8,026
9,242
8,829

26,475
24,510
23,243
24,132
23,306

2,732,088
2,090,979
2,393,408
2,741,970
2,016,338

43,713
83,247
.40,209
49,355
36,294

626,640
519,497
555,,629
584,166
547,236

1,920
1,560
1,686
1,778
1,666

393
366
286
267
223

12,562
12,028
9,748
9,020
6,969

4,003
3,757
3,739
3,956
3,352

12,335
12,294
12,952
12,975
11,406

833
199
97
203
207

2,488
1,465
725
1,483
1,412

1935 ____
1934. ___
1933 ____
1932 ____
193L ___

225
210
1-68
130
175

1,251
1,109
853
746
995

190
154
151
105
147

1,005
853
779
540
861

7,927
7,612
7,605
6,408
7,358

21,838
22,851
22,318
19,939
21,541

1,632,590
1,421,473
1,406,063
890,440
2,128,930

29,223
25,444
25,309
16,028
38,321

514,192
432,524
284,311
189,703
330,848

1,583
1,.216
770
499
975

225
114
139
56
64

4,993
2,813
5,297
2,103
3,087

3,042
2,835
2,490
1,707
2,535

10,952
10,040
7,872
5,738
9,288

177
101
108
38
74

1,192
731
840
283
499

1930 ____
1929 ____
1928 ____
1927 ____
1926 ____

235
277
270
254
238

1,538
1,851
1,755
1,671
1,773

172
198
211
202
210

1,067
1,277
1,419
1 {425
1,607

8,054
8,544
8,075
7,569
7,372

25,009
27,335
26,773
24,818
25,055

2,558,981
2,362,389
1,981,873
2,111,618
1,890,027

46,062
42,523
35,674
39,065
34,020

347,512
333,465
312,815
1302,826
1226,933

1,029
1,250
1,081
11,129
1840

57
58
60
50
25

2,986
2,988
3,029
2,448
1,083

3,926
3,761
3,501
3,171
3,210

13,997
13,153
12,443
11 ,253
10 ,~94

129
188
127
121
134

1,033
1,500
1,099
1,091
1,201

1925 ____
1924 ____
1923 ____
1922 ____
1921. ___

228
196
214
155
66

1,703
1,541
1,664
1,124
532

186
205
145
117
92

1,316
1,509
1,058
845
618

7,398
6,803
7,131
6,793
4,981

26,162
25,747
27,796
27,465
24,558

1,.409,262
1,220,561
2,036,097
1,830,942
1,879,150

21,984
19,895
32,781
30,027
33,449

1193,642
1167,914
1190,635
1172,851
157,118

1740
1677
1694
1686
711

26
22
19
11
4

1,204
843
785
464
448

3,482
2,868
3,007
2,418
2,064

11,546
10,252
11 ,576
10,483
12,270

121
120
147
56
48

1,433
1,041
1,104
572
510

1920 ____
1919 ____
1918 ____
1917 ____
1916 ____

228
209
155
207
222

2,142
1,728
1,045
1,171
1,011

136
63
88
127
118

851
348
430
475
405

6,840
6,883
7,239
6,978
6,363

29,894
27,075
26,940
19,940
13,646

1,255,249
1,190,575
1,353,525
1,134,412
649,683

24,854
17,978
29,778
24,276
10,395

310,777
420,647
464,494
482,662
439,132

1,597
2,558
2,645
2,593
2,038

41
46
39
33
10

7,463
11,271
15,840
13,981
4,243

4,104
2,272
2,491
2,584
1,982

25 ;080
11,591
8,214
7,771
5,897

304
156
232
317
155

2,748
1,248
1,813
2,900
1,394

1915 ____
1914 ____
1913 ____
1912 ____
1911. ___

1'09
53
45
37
38

381
156
156
153
123

94
121
108
77
83

337
63'0
777
521
579

5,352
4,873
4,816
4,665
4,366

11 ,748
10,197
10,123
9,403
8,346

520,582
417,690
491,080
787,735
205,066

8,798
7,602
10,165
13,628
3,691

394,124
336,662
341,338
350,928
301,458

1,675
1,283
1,286
1,334
1,165

342

1,836
2,734
3,111
2,973
3,053

5,413
9,608
11 ,796
11,676
11 ,901

30
11
1'0
11
9

274
124
77
84
75

7,900
8,344
7,554
7,608
6,658

247,060
273,983
364,444
188,878
295,123

4,447
5,069
6,560
3,305
5,106

241,612
247,070
222,598
247,387
261,422

978
1,028
857
795
931

2,655
2,338
2,386
2,265
2,081

10,917
10,796
11 ,399
1'0,654
8,579

12
9
7
8
8

75
38
2'0
23
23

938
815
8817
3858
1,'034

1,947
1,874
1,582
1,490
1,484

6,763
6,581
5,319
4,693
5,316

4
3
4
3
4

11

8
10

1,491
1,516
1,309
1,039
931

5,359
5,084
3,453
2,673
2,803

2
1
1
1
2

19
18
19
14
11

1,039
997
941
682
588

3,6'06
3,48'0
4,136
3,296
3,651

2
1
1
1

17
10

-----------------------------

----------------------

--------

---------------------- --------

1910 ____
19'09 ____
1908 ____
1907 ____
1906 .. ___

43
62
39
9'0
50

122
210
120
292
160

72
68
63
82
65

502
425
429
559
402

4,243
4,215
4,035
4,159
3,944

1905_- __
1904 ___ ~
1903 ____
1902 ____
1901. ___

48
66
50
62
49

149
175
152
203
158

32
40
37
40
31

226
266
257
250
220

3,635
3,084
2,656
3,339
2,879

6,096
6,021
5,287
5,669
6,617

220,000
85,'000
27,382
27,443
6,866

4,480
1,776
2293.
289
223

253,000
207,081
B 225,745
8200,431
234,825

19'0'0 ____
1899 ____
1898 ____
1897 ____
1896 ____

68
42
31
26
17

188
14'0
108
58
47

22
22
12
11
9

181
212
32
43
35

2,922
2,759
2,466
2,236
1,939

6,945
6,867
6,213
4,920
4,'041

3,147
4,313
1,071
2,031
4,696

88
108
33
46
87

204,615
174,734
193,364
143,201
115,483

750 -------543 -------594 -------392 -------320 --------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1895 __ :'_
1894 ____
1893 ____
1892 ____
1891. ___

22
23
29
32
31

68
87
89
130
118

8
17
11
11
10

30
99
84
89
50

1,914
1,816
1,666
1,638
1,398

4,423
4,739
4,155
5,655
4,716

1,607
446
1,071
2,400
1,071

42
20
42
81
40

99,549
105,940
75,777
109,788
106,536

323
363
257
305
339

---------------

---------------

1890 ____
1889 ____
1888 ____
1887 ____
1886 ____

22
21
22
17
11

87
106
110
75
50

8
7
9
10
15

45
39
50
56
74

1,243
1,121
1,128
1,121
1,079

4,752
4,195
4,374
4,094
4,737

22
22

75
100
108
80
80

14
11
14
14
14

68
55
71
70
70

985
912
867
898
868

4,825
4,198
4,251
4,320
4,200

22

80

12

60

835

4,830

1885 ____
1884. ___
1883 ____
1882 ____
1881. ___

30

1880 ____

17
28

--------

-------- --------------- --------------- --------

75

510
546
452
481
431

3,214
2,920
2,04'0
1,837
1,849

638
446
893
536
536

18
12
27
21
21

49,000
35,000
25,000
12,000
10,000

221
175
138
72
60

-------- --------------- -------------- --------------- --------------- ... -------

673
432
378
332
267

4,145
2,375
2,270
1,992
1,980

--------------------------------------_ ... ------------------------

1i36

21

2,00'0

-------- ... -------

211

1,'124

--------

2,679
2,232

-------8

----ioa-

10
4

----_ ....... - ------- .. - --_ ...

274 -------- -------202 -------- -------168 -------- -------210 -------- -------220 -------- --------

402
(6)

15
9

(6)

99,854
93,705
54,331
52,000
55,eOO

(!)

I Corrected for flotation concentrates reported in Mineral Rel!oources of the


United States, 1931, p. 145.
2 Tonnage calculated from combined total of domestic sulphur and sulphur
content of pyrite produced; value, by subtracting value of pyrite (calculated from
average value reported) from combined total value.
8 Calculated from combined total of domestic sulphur and sulphur content of
pyrite produced; value from average value reported.

148

--------------------------------------------------

-------

-------

..

-- ..

-_ ...

-_ ...
----------.. -----.. -- ..
...
...
...

-- ... _.....

... ... -

----

Quantity derived from figures in metric tons shown in Mineral Resources,


1903, p. 1081i value is as reported in same source.
5 Less than 5'00 tons.
6 None mined.
4

MINING AND MINERALS

Data: G 93-103

Series G 93-101.-METALS, FERROUS-IRON ORE, PIG IRON, AND FERRO-ALLOYS: 1810 TO 1945
[Long tons or gross tons are of 2,240 pounds; short

I
YEAR

mON ORE (USABLE ORE)

)-Q-t.-'a-:-~-:-~-e-:-~-:_,a-l'-.ls-

Production

Quan~~~~en~allle

95

96

1,000

Long tons
Long tons
dollars
Net tons
Net tons
1945________ 88,876,393 288,136,715 243,761 53,224,213 53,265,353
1944________ 94,117,705 295,135,675 256,886 61,003,759 60;995,977
1943 ________ 101,247,835 299,462,850 269,017 60,765,195 60,787,159
1942 ______ __ 105,526,195 2105,988,514 279,179 59,877,593 59,100,601
194L_______ 92,409,579
93,053,994 249,706 55,085,446 55,223,641
1940 _______ _ 73,695,899
75,198,084 189,087 46,203,96746,958,929
1939 _______ _ 51,731,730
54,827,100 158,538 34,805,024 35,942,463
1938 _______ _ 28,447,282
26,430,920 74,322 20,812,200 20,386,636
1937 _______ _ 72,093,548
72,347,785 207,828 40,482,506 39,451,269
1936 _______ _ 48,788,745
51,465,648131,74133,884,50534,494,833
1935 _______ _
1934 _______ _
1933 _______ _
1932 _______ _
193L ______ _

30,540,252
24,587,616
17,553,188
9,846,916
31,131,502

33,426,486
25,792,606
24,624,285
5,331,201
28,516,032

1930 _______ _
1929 _______ _
1928 _______ _
1927 _______ _
1926 _______ _

58,408,664
78,027,720
62,197,088
61,741,100
67,623,000

55,201,221
75,602,734
63 ,432 ,826
61,232,473
69,292,832

145,619
197,149
155,789
151,126
174,016

1925 _______ _
1924 _______ _
1923 _______ _
1922 _______ _
192L ______ _

61,907,997
54,267,419
69,851,442
47,128,527
29,490,978

63 ,924,763
52,083,375
69,811,472
50,612,620
26,652,528

1920 _______ _
1919 _______ _
1918 _______ _
1917 _______ _
1916 _______ _

67,604,465
60,965,418
69,658,278
75,288,851
75,167,672

69,281,341
56.372,784
72,021,202
75,578,207
77,870,553

1915 _______ _
1914 _______ _
1913 _______ _
1912 _______ _
191L ______ _

55,526,490
55,493,100 101,289 33,506,159
41,439,761
39,714,280 71,905 26,132,113
61,980,437 ___________________ _ 34,682.090
55,150,147 ___________________ _ 33,294,169
43,876,552 ___________________ _ 26,487,493

1910 _______ _

57,014,906 ____________________ 30,579,995 29,875.016

Pig iron
production

dollars
1,172,435
1,278,981
1,273,634
1,227,390
1,111,811

Shipments 1
-Q-_-ua-n-tl-'t-y-'I--V-a-lu-e- II
100

YEAR

Tons
1,732,423
1,893,855
2,032,979
1,898,260
1 ,636 ,073

101

1,000

Tons
1,661,657
1,860,956
1,995,171
1,869,211
1,719 ,785

dollars
210,510
246,014
271,488
259,084
204,857

840,4421,224,3601,292,660 128,128
626,825
735,171
841,162 76,157
356,875
584,724
464,112 42,460
731,1391,008,170
970,651 86,140
541,694
818,488
853,531 69,135
358,145
261,400
213,348
120,033
285,147

545,316
452,607
348,894
230,311
466,969

592,176
428,798
421,423
218,646
398,295

48,892
84,685
28,654
14,004
30,765

35,562,429 33,544,398
47,727,661 46,535,060
42,734,400 42 ,900 ,142
40,953,522 39,050,641
44,097,456 42,762,779

512,165
731,858
661,351
646,226
749,633

732,518
869,563
757,131
709,649
674,389

650,240
829,324
794,695
646,749
689,258

51,900
75,506
66,578
55,164
61,868

160,797
151,307
240,739
157,809
89,745

41,104,634
"85,174,485
45,204,484
30,486,292
18,690,701

739,316
575,455
665,079
517,800
946,799 _________ _
608,145 _________ _
389,438 _________ _

616,222
497,244
579,817
423,280
248,627

58,048
43,250
49,877
28,259
21,698

285,006
197,313
244,868
238,260
181,902

41,357,105 39,995,454 1,140,904 _________ _


34,737,208 33,857,859
775,915 _________ _
43,741,201 42,618,092 1,180,760 _________ _
43,255,762 43,245,951 1,053,786 _________ _
44,166,972 43,821,482
663,478 _________ _

83,035 23,326,460 23,719,755


66,48417,568,81517,501,335
63,77614,590,062 16,075,581
12,898 9,575,607
9,540,608
74,124 20,637,51619,950,088

41,232 ,466
84,791,824
42,964,744
30,991,226
17,963,253

401,410 __________
298,777
255,524
458,342
296,207
420,563
328,685
327,335
258,375

34,030,624
24,934,854
34,035,607
38,802,685
26,048,162

Pig iron
production

288,863

412,162

1870________ 1,865,000
1869 ________ 1,916,641
1868 ________ 1,603,000

1865_______
931,582
1864 _______ "1,135,996
1868_______
947,604
1862 ____ ,__
787,662

93

96

1909 ______ _
1908 ______ _
1907 ______ _
1906 ______ _

Long tons
51,294.271
35,983,336
51,720,619
47,749,728,

Net ton8
28,890,928
17,848,340
28,875,124
28,344,054

1905 ______ _
1904. _____ _
1903 ______ _
1902 ______ _
190L _____

42,526,133
27,644,330
35,019,808
35,554,135
28,887,479

25,751,466
18,476,677
20,170.362
19,959,864
17,783.756

1900 ______ _
1899 ______ _
1898 ______ _
1897 ______ _
1896 ______ _

27,553,161
24,683,173
19,433,716
17.518,046
16,005,449

15,443,951
15,255,187
13,186,806
10,811 ,002
9,657,902

1895 ______ _
1894 ______ _
1898 ______ _
1892 ______ _
189L _____ _

15.957,614 10,579,865
11,879,679 7,456,275
11 ,587,629 7,979,442
16,296,666 10.,255,84()
14,591,178 9,273,454

4,529,869
4.589,612
5.146,971
5,178,122
4,641,564
4,295.414
3,070,875
2,577.861
2,314,585
2,093,236

~:~:~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~1-4 -6-~ ~ ~~; ~ ~~;


Pig iron
production

2,266,581
2,689,413

Pig iron
production

YEAR

YEAR

96

96

96

1861. _____ _

Net tons
781,544

1860 ______ _
1859 ______ _
1858 ______ _
1857 ______ _
1856 ______ _

919,770
840,627
705,094
798,157
883,137

1855 ______ _
1854 ______ _
1852 ______ _

Net tons
784,178
736,217
560,000

1847 ______ _
1846 ______ _
1842 ______ _

Net tons
896,000
856,800
240,800

1830 ______ _
1829 ______ _
1828 ______ _

Net tons
184,800
159,040
145,600

1850 ______ _
1849 ______ _
1848 ______ _

631,406
728,000
896,000

1840 ______ _
1832 ______ _
1831. _____ _

321,331
224,000
213,920

1820 ______ _

22,400

1810_c ____ _

60,377

96

Net tons
1867 _______ 1,461,626
1866 _______ 1,350,843

Pig iron

1885_______ 87,600,000
612,80877,5191884 _______ (8,200,000
419,638 53,731 1883_______ 8,400,000
750,868 115,434 1882_ __ ____ (9,000,000
634,021 83,732 188L______ 47,119,643
589,738 50,282
1880_ __ ____
7,120,862
388,644 17,450 1879 __________________ _
__________________
_
1878
_________ _
9,850
_________ _ 13,015 1877 __________________ _
_________ _ 12,224
_________ _
8,878
_________ _
7,424 1874 __________________ _

YEAR

Net tons
1873 ________ 2,868,279
1872 ________ 2,854.559
187L _______ 1,911,608

Iron ore

1890 ______ _ 16,036,043 10,307,027


1889 ______ _ 14,518,041 8,516.,079
1888 ______ _ 3 12,"062,530 7,268,507
1887 ______ _ 311 ,300,000 7,187,206
1886 ______ _ 3 10,000,000 6,365,328

Pig iron
production

Pig iron
production

YEAR

96

99

98

97

1,000

YEAR

IRON PRODUCTION

FERRO-ALLOYS

Production I

------"J--------J---------il--------I--------I--------I------

94

93

PIG IRON

Production

net tons are of 2,000 pounds]

Of

96

In net tons beginning with 1940; in gross tons for prior years.
2 Includes byproduct ore.
3 Represents consumption of domestic ores. Estimated; see
4 Estimated; see text.
5 Figures (in long tons) for 1870 and 1860 are 3,881,891 and 2,878,460, respectively,

Series G I02-103.:"'-METALS, NONFERROUS-MERCURY, PRODUCTION: 1850 TO

telCt.

1~45

[Flasks are of 76.5 pounds net, avoirdupois, pdor to June 1904; 75 pounds net through 1927; thereafter, 76 pounds net J

YEAR

1945 _____
1944- ____
1943 _____
1942 _____
1941. ____

I Quantity

Value

102

103

Quantity

Value

102

103

Dollars
762,616
692,739
521,302
368,348
300,595

YEAR

Dollars
4,149,621
4,460,752
51,9~9 10,137,060
59,846 9,983,612
44,921 8,311,283

1925 ___
1924 ___
1923 ___
1922 ___
1921. __

Flasks
9,174
10,085
7,937
6,375
6,839

Flasks
30,768
37.688

YEAR

Quantity

Value

102

103

Quantity

Value

102

103

YEAR

1905 ___
1904 ___
1903 ___
1902 ___
1901. __

Flasks
30,534
35,315
35,634
34,291
29,727

Dollars
1,105,941
1,586,203
1,613,864
1,481,371
1,440,570

Quantity

Value

YEAR

102

103

Dollars
2,433.700
2,179,745
1 ;705. 544
1,526,700
1,471,750

1885 ___
1884 ___
1888 ___
1882 ___
1881. __

Dollars
Flasks
986,245
32,073
81,918
973,847
46,725 1,343,344
52,732 1 ,488 ,6~4
60,851 1,815,185

1865 ___
1864 ___
1863 ___
1862 ___
186L __

Flasks
53,000
47,489
40,531
42,000
35,000

1940 _____
1939 _____
1938 _____
1937 _____
1936 _____

37,777
18,633
17,991
16,508
16,569

6.681,618
1.936,714
1.357,781
1,488,691
1,324,194

1920 ___
1919 ___
1918 ___
1917 ___
1916 ___

13,392
21,415
32,883
36,159
29,932

1,066,807
1,933,560
3,863,752
3,808,266
3,768,189

1900 ___
1899 ___
1898 ___
1897 ___
1896 ___

28,317
30,454
31,092
26,691
30,765

1,272,566
1,452,656
1,188,647
995,040
1,075,544

1880 ___
1879 ___
1878 ___
1877 ___
1876 ___

59,926
73,684
63,880
79,395
72,716

1,857,706
2,199,467
2,101,652
2,961,434
3,199,504

1860 ___
1859 ___
1858 ___
1857 ___
1856 ___

10,000
535,500
13,000
820,690
31,000 1,482,730
28,204 1,374.381
80,000 1,549,500

1935 _____
1934. ____
1933 _____
1932 _____
1931. ____

17,518
15 ;445
9,669
12,622
24,947

1,261,121
1,140,845
572,666
731,129
2,179,145

1915 ___
1914- __
1913 ___
1912 ___
1911. __

21,033 1,804,631
16,548
811,680
20,213
813,171
25,064 " 1,058,941
21,256
977,989

1895 ___
1894 ___
1893 ___
1892___
189L __

36,067
80,416
30,164
27,993
22,904

1,335,922
933,771
1,108,527
1,139,595
1,086,406

1875 ___
187'- __
1873 ___
1872 ___
187L __

50,250
27,756
27,642
31,621
31,686

4,228,538
2,919,376
2,220,482
2,084,773
1,999,327

1855 ___
1854 ___
1853 ___
1852 ___
1851. __

33,000
30,004
22,284
20,000
27,779

1,767,150
1,663,722
1,235,648
1,166,600
1,859,248

193JL ____
1929 _____
1928 _____
1927 _____
1926 _____

21,553
23,682
17,870
11,276
7,642

2,478,789
2,892,638
2 ,2{)7 ,003
1,314,782
702,323

1910 ___
1909 ___
1908 ___
1907 ___
1906 ___

20,601
958,153
21,075
957,859
19,752
872,446
21,554
853,538
26,083 1,080,279

1890 ___
1889 __ ~
1888 ___
1887 ___
1886 ___

22,926
26.484
33 ;250
33,825
29,981

1,203,615
1,191.780
1,370,1;25
1,433,334
1,064,325

1870 ___
1869 ___
1868 ___
1867. __
1866 ___

30,077
33,811
47,728
47,000
46,550

1,725,818
1,551,925
2,190,715
2,157,300
2,473,202

1850 ___

7,728

768,052

149

Data: G 104-117

MINERALS AND POWER

Series G lO4-111.-]\1ET.ALLS, ALLOYINC-IVIANG.l\...l'-JESE ORE, CHROl\1ITE, TUNGSTE}J, .A.. ND


MOLYBDENUM,PRODUCTION: 1880 TO 1945
[ Long tons are of 2,240 pounds; short tons and net tons are of 2,000 pounds. Shipments of tungsten represent ore and concentrates, 60 percent WOs. Molybdenum
quantity -figures refer to pounds Mo in concentrates 1
MANGANESE ORE 1
YEAR

--

CHROMITE

MOLYBDENUM

Shipments

Value

Shipments

Value

Shipments

Value

Shipments 2

Value

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

11]

Net tons
1945_ _ 182,337
1944_ _ 247,6161943 __
1942 __ igg:~I~
194L_ 87,795

Dollars Long tons Dollars Short tons


7,320,309
532,382
5,715
12,476
9,014,876 40,740 1,668,299 10,283
7,278,758 142,964 4,820,461 11 ,945
6,493,674 100,782 2,994,081
9,333
2,696,124 12,731
274,062
6,567

1940 __
1939 __
1938 __
1937 __
1936 __

44,038 1,169,024
32,82i
794,746
681 ,679
28,360
45,071 1,062,399 696,400
35,974

1935 __
1934-_
1933. __
1932 __
193L_

29,5il9
29,697
21,444
19,910
43,951

1930 __
1929 __
1928 __
1927 __
1926 __

75,080
67,625
52,483
50,110
51,810

1925 __
1924 __
1923 __
1922 __
192L_

Dollars
7,957,731
14,407,143
l7,973,685
13,508,266
9,223,726

Lbs. Mo.
32,524,000
39,423,000
53,955,000
66,437,000
38,377,000

Dollars
23,107,000
27,999,000
38,500,000
47,275,000
25,996,000

28,784
46,892
10,730
14,888
2,978

5,319
4,287
3,044
3,500
2,612

6,576,318
4,402,182
3,161,498
4,094,000
2,323,818

25,329,000
82,415,000
25,727,000
30,122,000
17,959,000

17,189,000
22,157,000
17,977,000
20,571 ,000
11 ,933 ,000

557,340
571,748
466.285
377,222
699,121

515
369
843
155
268

6,163
4,653
11 ,585
2,160
3,509

2,395
2,049
895
396
1,404

1,921,017 10,892,000
1,791,316 9,377,000
514,234 5,761,000
218,394 2,373,000
928,000 3,157,000

7,261,000
6,502,000
4,316,000
1,186,000
1,577,000

1,437,465
1,612,357
1,214,853
1,151,918
1,228,663

80
269
660
201
141

1,905
3,976
14,807
5,063
2,079

702
830
1,208
1,164
1,382

509,000
654,000
753,900
724 ;000
920,400

3,759,269
3,904,648
3,329,214
2,286,075
1,431,830

2,068,000
2,259,000
1,924,600
1,858,786
1,192,714

110,124 1,857,769
63,297 1,307,477
874,973
35,280
455,160
15,013
495,097
15,155

108
288
227
355
282

2,105
1,140
3,819
7,288
2,900

1,191
565
241

755,500
287,000
144,600

1,154,050
297,174
22,667

961,324
222,880
11 ,350

34,900
297,926
861,637
350,200
206,740

17,207
341,814
1,253,700
495,350
205,000

105,750
61,552
3 42,573
144,873
35,250

2,396,235
1,791,118
8,240,386
4,109,722
656,278

1915 __
1914 __
1913 __
1912 __

10,705
2,951
4,534
1,863

108,049
21,377
40,480
15,7~3

2,502
44,857
5,079
129.302
82,430 3,955,567
43,725 1,049,400
47,035
726,243
3,281
591
255
201

36,744
8,715
2,854
2,753

Containing 35 percent or more Mn.

4,100,000
181,769
114,866
1,297
435,000
1,297
672,118 ----------- - ---------502,158 ----------- - ----------

2,332
990
1,537
1,330

Includes exports.

Shipments

Value

104

105

CHROMITE

TUNGSTEN

Shipments

Value

106

107

Shipments

Value

108

109

------------

- - - - - - -.-- - - - - - - - - -

Net tons
191L_ 2,752

Dollars Long tons Dollars Short tons Dollars


1,629
1,139 407,985
24,586
120

1910 __
1909 __
1908 __
190L_
1906 __

22,892
19,675
62,779
63,369
88,132

2,529
1,729
6,881
6,276
7,751

1905 __
4,612 -- ... ----1904 __
3,523 -------1903 __
3,164 -------1902 __
8,375 -------190L_ 13,434 -------1900 __
1899 __
1898 __
1897 __
1896 __

13,184
11 ,127
17,872
12,441
11 ,299

1895 __ 10,693
1894-_ 7,065
1893 __
8,644
1892 __ 15,246
189L_ 25,146
1890 __
1889 __
1888 __
188L_
1886 __

-------- ----------- ----------- --- --------------- -'---------- ----------- ----------216


101,800
327
353,900
5,061 7,049,300
6,144 6,783,000
5,923 12,074,000

MANGANESE ORE 1
YEAR

--- ---

2,662
3,614
812
2,321
269

1920 __
1919 __
1918 __
1917 __
1916 __

TUNGSTEN

21,602
27,101
32,702
38,667
33,816

1885 __ 26,049
1884 __ 11 ,402
1883 __
6,894
1882 __
5,076
188L_
5,482
1880 __

6,452

205
598
359
290
107

2,729
8,300
7,230
5,640
1,800

1,821
1,619
671
1,640
928

22
123
150
315
368

375
1,845
2,250
4,567
5,790

1803 268,676
3740 184,000
a 292 43,639
3184 34,040
S!79 27,720

832,992
614,370
229,955
890,048
348,867

346 11,040
1,400
-------- ......... _140
...... _- -------- -------- ---------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------------- --------------- -------- -------6,667 -------- -------786
-------16,795 -------- --------------- 1,740 53,231
-------- --------------- 3,680
1,450
21,750
--------------- 1,500 25,000 --------'_ .................. --------------- 1,372
20,580
---------------------3,599 53,985 -------- --------------- 2,000
30,000 -------- --------------- 1,500 20,000
-------- --------------- 3,000
40,000 -------- --------------- 2,000 30,000
--------------- --------------- 2,700 40,000 -------- --------------- 2,000 35,000 -------- --------------- 3,000 60,000 -------- - ---------_ .... _-- 2,500 50,000 -------- --------------- 2,000 30,000 -------- --- ... ----------- 2,288 27,808 -------- - --_ .. _--

Not strictly comparable with figures for later years, see text.

Series G 112-117.-METALS, NONFERROUS-COPPER, LEAD, ZINC, PRODUCTION: 1801 TO 1945


[ Short tons are of 2,000 pounds I

,
YEAR

1945 __
1944 __
1943 __
1942 __
94L_

ZINC 2

LEAD

COPPER

Smelter
production

Value

112

113

Dollars
Short tons
782,726 184.723,000
1,003,379 3 236,797,000
1,092,939 a 257,934,000
1,087.991 3256,766,000
. 227,993,000
966,072

Smelter
production 1

Value

114

Ill)

Smelter
production
116

COPPER

Value
117

Shorttons
Dollars
Short tons
Dollars
443,467 3 56,763 ,776 764,561 3131,504,492
464,668 g 59,477,504 869,302 3149,519,944
469,480 360,093,440 942,309 3162,077,148
548,852 369,155,352 891,872 3.155,185,728
544,683 62,093,862 822,020 123,303,000

940 __
939 __
938 __
937 __
936 __

909,084
712,675
562,328
834,661
611 ,410

205 ,453 ,000


148,236,000
110,216,000
201 ,988 ,000
112 ,499 ,000

516,628
445,619
364,826
466,535
399,099

51,662 ;800
44,561,900
29,186,01i0
55,984,200
37,515,306

675,275
507,236
446,341
556,904
492,132

85,084,650
52,752,544
42,848,736
72,397,520
49,213,200

935 __
934 __
933 __
932 __
93L_

381,294
244,227
225,000
272,005
521,356

63,295,000
39,076,000
28,800,000
34,273,000
94,887,000

324,164
310,082
257,390
270,664
412,514

25,933,120
23,566,232
19,561,640
16.239,840
35,063,690

420,634
363,590
307,182
207,148
2::ll ,996

37,015,792
31,268,740
25,803,288
12,428,880
22,191,696

930 __
697,195
929 __ 1,001,432
928 __
912,950
927 __ 842,020
926 __ 869,811

181,271 ,000
352 , 504 ,000
262,930,000
220 , 609 ,000
243,547,000

60,808,800
608,088
702,173 88,473,798
6.52,834 82,257,084
700,689 88,286,81'1
728,895 116,623,200

,198,045
625,447
602,581
592,516
618,422

47,812,320
82,559,004
73,514,882
75,842,048
92,763,300

237 ,832 ,000


214,087,000
210,945,000
128,289,000
65,221,000

701,945 122,138,430 572,946


612,792 98,046,720 517,339
568,129 84,083,092 510.434
482,644 55,021,416 354,277
405,342 36,480,780
,500

87,087,792
67,254,070
69,419,024
40,387,578
20,050,000

222,467,000 485,263 77,642,080 463,377


604,531
19 20 __
239,274,000 ,132,089 45,801,434 465,743
643,210
19 19 __
471,408,000 555,239 78,843,938517,927
954,267
19 18 __
1 Excludes refined lead produced from scrap and foreign base bullion.
3 Excludes bonus payments of Office of Metals ReservE'.

75,067,074
67,998,478
94,262,714

1 925 __
1924 __
1923 __
1922 __
19 2L_

837,435
817,125
7]7,500
475,143
252,793

150

ro

YEAR

----

2 Primary

Smelter
pro duction

Value

112

113

----

ZINC ~

LEAD

Smelter
production I

Value

114

115

Smelter
production

Value

116

117

Short tons
Dollars
1917 __ 943,060 514,911 ,000
1916 __ 963,925 474,288,000

Short tons Dollars


564,322 97,063,384
558,313 77,047,194

Short tons
Dollars
669,573 136,592,892
668,343 176,442,552

1915 __
1914 __
1913 __
1912 __
191L_

694,005
575,069
612,242
621,634
548,616

242 ,902 ,000


152,968,000
189 ,795,035
205,139,338
137,154,092

516,607
520,433
425,101
404,089
402,759

48,561,058
<10,593,774
37,408,888
36,368,010
36,248,310

489,519 121,400,712
353,049 36,010,998
346,676 38,827,712
338,806 46,755,228
286,526 32,663,964

1910 __
1909 __
1908 __
1907 __
1906 __

540,080.
546,476
471 ,285
434,498
458,903

137,180,257
142,083,711
124,419,335
173,799,300
177 , 136 ,497

393,467
374,593
323,175
876,422
365,003

34,625,096
32,214,998
27,146,700
39,900,732
41,610,342

269,184
255,760
210 ,424
249,860
224,770

29,071 ,872
27,622,080
19,779,856
29,483,480
27,421,940

1905 __
1904 __
1903 __
1902 __
190L_

444,392 138 ,650,346


406,269 104,004,770
349,022 95,632,099
329,754 80,460,055
301,036 100,546,111

334,,954
323,678
340,589
282,180
280,370

31,485,676
27,836,308
28,609,476
23,138,760
24,111,820

203,849
186,702
159,219
156,927
140,822

24,054,182
19,043,604
16,240,338
15,064,992
11,547,404

1900 __
1899 __
1898 __
1897 __
1896 __

303,059 100,615,450
284,333 97,242,043
263,256 65,287,610
247,039 59 ;289 ,393
230,031 49,686,634

280,138
218,296
230,528
231,787
207,370

24,652,144
19,646,640
17,520,128
16,688,664
12,442,200

123,886
129,051
115,399
99,980
81,499

10,901,968
14,969,916
10,616,708
8,198,360
6,356,922

1895_ ~
1894-_
1893 __
1892 __
189L_

190,307
177,094
164,677
172,499
142,061

181,126
174,911
189,320
195,349
195,663

11 ,592 ,064
11,544,126
14,009,680
16,018,618
16,827,018

89,686
75,328
78,832
87,260
80,873

6,457,392
5,272,960
6,306,560
8,027,920
8,087,300

40,725,634
33,647,896
35,570,275
40,019,847
36,367,586

slab zinc; excludes redistilled secondary zinc produced from domestic and foreign Ores.

MINING AND MINERALS

Data: G 112-124

Series G 112-117.-METALS, NONFERROUS-COPPER, LEAD, ZINC, PRODUCTION:


1801 TO 1945-Con.
IShort tans are of 2,000 pounds J

Value

Smelter
production

Value

115

116

117

Dollars
40,523,042
30,614,755
38,028,726
25,043,872
17,511 ,698

Short
tons
157,844
178,357
176,015
156,630
132,189

Dollars
14,205,960
13,911,846
15,489,320
14,096,700
12,161,388

Short
tons
63,683
58,860
55,903
50,340
42,641

Dollars
7,005,130
5,886,000
5,478,494
4,631,280
3,752,408

17,914,552
18,843,065
19,061,799
17,313,430'
13,045,760

126,192
136,297
140,297
129,780
114,495

10,095,360
10,085,978
12,065,542
12,718,440
10,991,520

40,688
38,544
36,872
33,765
30,258

3,499,168
3,391,872
3,318,480
3,579,090
3,146,832

Smelter
production

Value

Smelter
pro ductionl

112

113

114

1890 _________
1889 _________
1888 _________
1887 _________
1886 _________

Short
tons
129,882
113,388
113,181
90,739
78,882

1885 _________
1884 _________
1883 _________
1882 _________
188L ________

82,938
72,473
57,763
45,323
35,840

YEAR

188 _________ 1

30,240

12,942,120

Copper,
smelter
production

Lead,
smelter
production l

112

114

1857 ________
1856 ________

Short
tons
5,376
4,480

Short
tons
15,800
16,000

1855 ________
1854 ________
1853 ________
1852 ________
185L _______

3,360
2,520
2,240
1,232
1,008

15,800
16,500
16,800
15,700
18,500

YEAR

ZINC 2

LEAD

COPPER

------

95,725

9,572,500

Copper,
Lead,
smelter srpelter
produc- production
tion l

YEAR

1850 _______
1849 _______
1848 _______
1847 _______
1846 _______
1845 _______
1844 _______

112

114

Short
tons
728
784
560
336
168

Short
tons
22,000
23,500
25,000
28,000
28,000

112

30,000
26,000

--------

Copper,
smelter
production

Lead,
smelter
production l

112

114

112

114

1879 _______
1878 _______
187L ______
1876 _______

Short
tons
90,840
89,130
80,380
62,940

1868 _______
1861- ______
1866 _______

Short
tons
12,992
11 ,200
9,968

Short
tons
16,400
15,200
16,100

1875 _______
1874 _______
1873 _______
1872 _______
187L ______

20,160
19,600
17,360
14,000
14,560

58,590.
51,230
41,940
25,720
19,970

1865 _______
1864 _______
1863 _______
1862 _______
186L ______

9,520
8,960
9,520
10,580
8,400

14,700
15,300
14,800
14,200
14,100

1870 _______

14,112
14,000 I

17,830

1R60 _______
1859 _______
17,500 I 1858 _______ I

8,064
7,056
6 ;160

15,600
16,400
15 ;300

"f oCQ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1
.LUV07

YEAR

--114

Short
tons
1843 _______ 25,000
1842 __ ~ ____ 24,000
184L ______ 20,500
1840 _______ 17,.000
1839 _______ 17,500
1838 _______ 15,000
1837 _______ 13,500

YEAR

Short
tons
25,760
24,080
23,520
21,280

Lead,
smelter
production l

YEAR

------

Lead,
smelter
productionl

---- ----

2,761,000

25,100

Copper,
smelter
pfoduction

YEAR

Lead,
smelter
production 1

---

Lead,
smelter
production l

YEAR

Short
tons
1836 _______ 15,000
1835 _______ 13,000
183L ______ 12,000
1833 _______ 11,000
1832 _______ 10,000
183L ______
7,500

Lead,
smelter
production l

YEAR

---

114

---

114

1830 _______
1829 _______
1828 _______
1827 _______
1826 _______

Short
tons
8,000
8,571
7,452
4,490
2,379

1825 _______
1824 _______

2,232
1,987

114

1823 ________
1822 ________
182L _______

Short
tons
2,068
1,900
1,900

1816-1820 ___
1811-1815 ___
1806-1810 ___
1801-1805 ___

7,500
7,500
5,000
5,000

, Primary slab zinc; excludes redistilled secondary zinc produced from domestic
and foreign ores.

Excludes refined lead produced from scrap and foreign base bullion.

Series G 118-124.-METALS, PRECIOUS-GOLD, SILVER, PLATINUM, PRODUCTION: 1792 TO 1945


[ Figures for gold and silver represent mine production; include Alaska, exclude Puerto Rico and Philippine Islands j
GOLD

YEAR

SILVER

Quantity

Value

Quantity

Value

Platinum
domestic
placer
and lode

lIB

119

120

121

123

Dollars
31,102,223
29,802,592
26,964,166
34,650,013
38,432,846

Troy oz.
390
638
750
357
1,439

33,988,587

GOLD

PLATINUM

Domesti c Gold and


copper
placer
and lode refining

Quantity

Value

Quantity

Value

Total

llB

119

120

121

122

123

124

YEAR

SILVER

Fine oz.
Dollars
Fine oz.
1945 __
954,572 33,410,020 29,024,197
1944-_
998,394 34,943,790 34,473,540
1943 __ 1,363,815 47,733,525 41,460,826
1942 __ 3,457,110 120,998,850 54,090,765
194L_ 4,750,865 166,280,275 67,258,997

Dollars
20,639,429
24,514,517
29,483,254
38,464,544
47,828,620

Troy oz.
31,046
40,549
37,552
33,044
32,730

Troy oz.
26,551
33,625
27,162
23,239
26,236

Troy oz.
4,495
6,924
10,390
9,805
6,494

1910 __
1909 __
1908 __
1907 __
1906 __

Fine oz.
4,584,903
4,798,313
4,435,163
4,227,499
4,703,000

Dollars
94,778,348
99,189,947
91,682,953
87,390,163
97,219,645

Fine oz.
57,596,709
57,312,677
50,875,787
52,500,'021
57,362,455

1 940 __
1 939 __
1 938 __
1931-_
1 936 __

4,869,949
4,673,042
4,267,469
4,117,078
3,782,667

50,168,435
43,695,802
39,890,643
55,234,573
47,362,638

41,574
41,160
48,269
21,505
18,879

33,800
32,526
41,022
10,927
9,895

7,774
8,634
7,247
10,578
8,984

1905 __
1904-_
1903 __
1902 __
190L_

4,264,734
3,910,729
3,560,000
3,870,000
3 ,~05 ,500

88,159,881
80,835,648
73,591,700
80,000,000
78,666,700

56,272,496
55,999,864
54,300,000
55,500,000
55,214,000

29,322,000
29,415,000
33,128,400

318
200
110
94
1,408

1935 __
1 934 __
1 933 __
1932 __
193L_

3,236,951 113,106,219 48,518,639 34,867,631


2,778,789 97,118,626 32,782,304 21,192,600
2,291,697 58,575,774 23,128,781 8,095,073
2,269,353 46,911,683 22,762,292 5,590,874
2,224,729 45,985,148 29,856,628 8,658,423

11 ,552
6,055
3,023
3,918
9,011

9,069
3,720
1,266
1,074
885

2,483
2,335
1,757
2,844
8,126

1900 __
1899 __
1898_~

1897 __
1896 __

3,829,897
3,437,210
3,118,398
2,774,935
2,568,132

79,171 ,000
71,053,400
64,463,000
57,363,000
53,088,000

57,647,000
54,764,500
54,438,000
53,860,000
58,834,800

35,741,100
32,858,700
32,118,400
32,316,000
39,654,600

, 400
300
225
150
163

1 93o __
1 929 __
1 928 __
1 927 __
1926 __

2,138,723
2,058,993
2,148,064
2,107,032
2,232,526

44,211 ,342
42,563,177
44,404,425
43,556,207
46,150,408

47,724,903
60,860,011
57,872,443
59,625,682
62,487,219

18,374,087
32,438,386
33,855,379
33,807,762
38,992,024

9,118
11,242
9,797
8,162
11 ,311

527
800
529
261
3,616

8,591
10,442
9,268
7,901
7,695

1895 __
189L_
1893 __
1892 __
189L_

2,254,7.60
1,910,813
1,739,323
1,597,098
1,604,840

46,610,000
39,500,000
35,955,000
33,015,000
33,175,000

55,727,000
49,500 ,000
60,000,000
63,500,000
58,330,000

.36,445,500
31,422,100
46,800 ,000
55,662,500
57,630,000

150
100
75
80
100

1 925 __
1 924 __
192L_
19 22 __
19 2L_

2,307,374
2,444,331
2,404,912
2,293,251
2,345,010

47,697,654
50,528,816
49,713,955
47,405,709
48,475,654

66,710,080
64,070,744
70,355,674
61,207,989
46,171,299

46,296,795
42,927,398
57,691,650
61,207,989
46,171,299

11,338
7,502
3,696
3,490
4,964

3,185
1,110
622
1,008
1,470

8,153
6,392
3,074
2,482
3,494

1890 __
1889 __
1888 __
1887 __
1886 __

1,588,877
1,594,775
1,604,478
1,603,049
1,686,788

32,845,000
32,967,000
33,167,500
33,136,000
34,869,000

54,516,300
50,094,500
45,792,700
41,721,600
39,694,000

57,242,100
46,838,400
43,045,100
40,887,200
39,482,400

600
500
500
448
50

1920 __
19 19 __
19 18 __
19 1L_
19 16 __

2,382,987
2,753,282
3,212,672
3,900,209
4,417,007

49,260,720
56,915,390
66,411 ,836
80,624,484
91,307,630

56,536,904
51,899,460
68,058,952
70,661,512
78,857,533

61,625,223
58,127,395
68,058,952
58,225,086
51,888,257

1885 __
1884 __
1883 __
1882"__
188L_

1,538,373
1,489,950
1,451,250
1,572,187
1,678,612

31,801,000
30,800,000
30,000,000
32,500,000
34,700,000

39,909,400
37,743,800
35,732,800
36,196,900
33,257,800

42,503,500
41,921,300
39,618,400
41,105,900 r
37,657,500

250
150
200
200
100

19 15 __
19 14 __
19 13 __
19 12 __
19 1L_

4 ,754,474
4 ,418,062
4 ,311,103
4 ,465,511
4 ,685,620

98,283,714
91,329,443
89,118,410
92,310,296
96,860,350

72,353,730
69,623,249
71 ,187,228
66,034,385
61,107,840

36,683,340
38,501,656
42,997,086
40,611,146
32,387,155

1880 __
1879 __
1878 __
1877 __
1876 __

1,741,500
1,881,787
2,477,109
2,268,662
1,931.575

36,000,000
38,900,000
51,206,400
46,897,400
39,929,200

30,318,700
31,565,500
35,022,300
30,777 ,80O
29,996,200

34,717,000
35,477,100
40,401,000
36,991,500
34,919,800

170,448,215
163,556,470
149,361,415
144,097,742
132,393,349

70,549,362
64,373,281
61,705,837
71 ,408 ,625
61,152,534

---------

-----------------------------------------

---------------------------------

692
742
647
605
750
742
570
384
721
628

---------

---------

-----------------

---------------------------------

----------.~-.----

32,p35,378

100

--------

--------... -------------

151

MINERALS AND POWER

Data: G 118-130

Series G 118-124.-1vIETALS, PRECIOUS-GOLD, SILVER, A:t-JD


1792 TO 1945-Con.

PLATINU~..1,

PRODUCTION:

[Figures for gold and silver represent mine production; include Alaska, exclude Puerto Rico and Philippine Islandsl
GOLD
YEAR

1875 ______
1874 ______
1873 ______
1872 ______
1871:. _____

Value

Quantity

Value

118

119

120

121

Fine oz.
1,619,009
1,620,122
1,741,500

Dollar8
33,467,900
33,490,900
86,000,000
36,000,000
43,500,000

Fine oz.
24,580,300
28,868,200
27,650,400
22,236,800
17,.789,100

Dollar8
30,485,900
36,917,500
35,881,600
29,396,400
23,588,300

50,000,000
49,500,000
48,000,000
51,725,000
53,500,000

12,375,000
9,281,200
9,281,200
10,441,400
7,734,400

16,484,000
12,297,600
12,306,900
13,866,200
10,356,400

53,225,000
46,100,00Q
40,000,000
39,200,000
43,000,000

8,701,200
8,507,800
6,574,200
3,480,500
1,546,900

11,642,200
11,443,000
8,842,300
4,684,800
2,062,000

46,000,000

116,000

156,800

1,?~!,g?~
Il.It~V~f"'.l.""

1:870 ______ 2,418,750


1869 ______ 2,394,562
1868 ______ . 2,322,000
1867 ______ 2,502,196
1866 ______ 2,588,062
1865 ______ ' 2,574,759
1864 ______ 2,230,087
1863 ______
1,935,000
1862 ______ 1,896,300
186L _____ 2,080,125
1860 ______ 2,225,250
I

GOLD

SILVER

Quantity

SILVER

Quantity

Value

Quantity

Value

118

119

120

121

1859 ______
1858 ______
1857 ______
1856 ______

Fine oz.
2,418,750
2,418,750
2,660,625
2,66Q,625

Dollar8
50,000,000
50,000,000
55,000,000
55,000,000

Fine oz. Dollar8


77,300 105,100
38,700 52,000
88,700 52,400
38,700 52,000

1855 ______
1854 ______
1853 ______
1852 ______
185L _____

2,660,625
2,902,500
3,144,375
2,902,500
2,660,625

55,000,000
60,000,000
65,000,000
60,000,000
55,000,000

38,700
38,700
38,700
38,700
38,700

52,000
52,200
52,200
51,300
51,700

1850 ______
1849 ______
1848 ______
1847 ____ ~_
1846 ______

2,418,750
1,935,000
483,750
43,005
55,841

50,000,000
40,000,000
10,000,000
889,000
1,140,000

38,700
38,700
38,700
38,700
38,700

50',900
50,700
50,500
50,600
50,300

1845 ______
1844 ______

48,762
54,812

1,008,000
(1)

38,700
18,567

50,200

YEAR

Gold,
Silver,
quantity quantity

YEAR

- 118
- -- 120
--

Fine oz. Fine oz.


1843 _________ 58,000 18,567
1842 _________ 43,000 18,567
184L ________ 30,000 18,567
_________ 24,000 18,567
1839 _________ 23,000 18,567
1838 _________ 24,OOe 18,567
1837 _________ 16,000 18,567
1836 _________ 26,000 18,567
1835 _________ 39,000 18,567
1884 _________
-------- 7,730
18~O

1834-1844
1792-1884

1 ___
1 ___

362,812 193,400
-677,250 --------

(I)

Value for 1884-1844: Gold, $7,500,000, silver, $253,400; for 1792-1834: Gold, $14,000,000.

Series G 125-130.-METALS, LIGHT-WEIGHT-ALUMINUM, BAUXITE, AND MAGNESIUM,


PRODUCTION: 1885 TO 1945
[ Long tons are of 2,240 pounds I

YEAR

PRIMARY MAGNESIUM

BAUXITE

PRIMARY ALUMINUM

Value

Shipments

Value

125

126

127

128

129

130

1,000
pound8

1,000
dollars

1,000
pounds

1,000
dollar8

Quantity

Sales

Value

Long tons

Dollars

1945 ______
1944 ______
.1943 ______
1942 ______
1941. _____

990,120
1,552,892
1,840,358
1,042,212
618,134

140,864
222,416
265,.380
151,37l
100,395

11,332,656
13,282,587
16,693,080
12,625,413
1902,759

5,987,347
14,216,614
32,744,109
12,934,025
5,358,976

86,992
293,170
340,534
94,841
31,056

1940 ______
1939 ______
1938 ______
1937 ______
1936 ______

412,560
327,090
286,882
292,681
224,929

75,292
64,600
556,659
55,609
41,612

1434,988
1375,301
311,354
420,232
372,005

2,578,968
2,166,236
1,812,545
2,444,686
2,198,523

12,824
10,650
4,820
4,540
3,903

1935 ______
1934 ______
1933 ______
1932 ______
193L _____

119,295
74,177
85,125
104,888
177,545

22,070
14,094
16,174
20,453
37,284

233,9i2
157,838
154,176
96,349
195,895

1,556,595
1,129,053
923,259
548,168
1,140,629

4,241
4,250
1,435
792
580

1930 ______
1929_~ ____
1928 ______
1927 ______
1926 ______

229,037
227,973 '
210,544
163,607
147,386

50,961
51,864
47,899
39,266
37,583

330,612
365,777
375,426
320,940
392,250

1,928,297
2,265,638
2,273,898
1,988,780
2,415,200

560
908
531
366
323

269
512
290
442
390

1925 ______
1924 ______
1923 ______
1922 ______
1921. _____

140,116
150,564
128,658
73,633
54,532

36,430
37,607
28,805
13,622
10,906

316,540
347,570
522,690
309,600
139,550

1,988,250
2,137,990
3,156,610
2,012,330
889,800

245
128
125
48

274
150
155
89
86

1920 ______
1919 ______
1918 ______
1917 ______
1916_~ ____

138,042
128,477
124,725
129,861
115,107

4,1,375
38,558
41,159
45,882
33,900

521,308
376,566
605,721
568,690
425,100

3,247,345
2,201.747
3,447,992
3,119,058
2,296,400

124
127
284
116
75

233
247
615
234
811

1915 ______
1914 ______

90,504
57,973

16,280
10,080

297,041
219,318

1,514,834
1,069,194

88

440

Bur~u of Mines not at liberty to publish.

Estimated.

152

(2)

(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)

(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

377
229
200

60

YEAR

Quantity

Shipments

Value

125

126

127

128

1,000
pound8

1,000
dollars

Long tons

DollaT8

1913 ______
1912 ______
1911 ______

47,279
41,806
38,396

9,456
8,361
6,911

210,241
159,865
155,618

997,698
768,932
750,649

1910 ______
1909 ______
1908 ______
1907 ______
1906 ______
1906 5 - - - - 1905 ______
1904. _____
1903 ______
1902 ______
1901. ___ ~_

35,402
29,081
10,679
16,325
414,125
5,469

16,641
s 5,589
2,331
14,673
B 5,050
81,955

148,932
129,101
52,167
97,776
75,332

716,258
619,447
263,968
480,330
868,311

'10,810
48,100
' 6,636
' 5,763
' 5,738

83,784
52,835
32,190
a 1,902
31,894

48,129
47,661
48,087
27,322
18,905

240,292
235,704
111,306
120,366
79,914

' 5,,062

23,184
35,280
25,149
20,590
18,364

89,676
125,598
75,437
57,652
47,338

------------ ------------

1900 ______
1899 ______
1898 ______
1897. _____
1896 ______

2,371
41,()02

11,656
8 1,206
11,048
81,019
8501

1895 ______
1894 ______
1893 ______
1892 ______
1891. _____

' 501
q94
f 216
260
150

'326
J 350
8153
173
100

17,069
11 ,066
9,179
10,518
3,593

44,000
35,818
29,507
84,183
11,675

1890 ______
1889 ______
1888 ______
1887 ______
1886 ______

61
47
19
18
3

61
97
65
59
27

1,844
728

6,012
2,366

188B ______

Fiscal year ending Aug. 31.


September-December.
a Less than 500 lbs.
4

BAUXITE

Value

------------ ------------

Shipments of crude ore from mines. Not comparable with previous figures.

(2)

PRIMARY ALUMINUM

3,262

2,993

(6)

------------ ------_ .. - ... ------------- ---------- ------------- -- --- ---_ ... ------------- ------------

MINING AND MINERALS

Data: G 131-:158

Series G 131-143.-EMPLOYMENT AND INJURIES-MINES (EXCEPT COAL), AND QUARRIES


AND RELATED INDUSTRIES: 1911 TO 1945

,
YEAR

QUARRIES AND RELATED INDUSTRIES

ALL MINES, EXCEPT COAL MINES

Men employed

Injured

Killed

Actual
number

Average
days
active

Total
number

131

132

133

Per
thousand
300-day
workers

Total
number

134

135

------

Men employed

Per
thousand
300-day
workers

Total
number

Killed'

Average
Man-hours
days of
of
employment employment
per man
139

136

137

8,090
10,192
13,025
13,957
15,772

117.00
129.89
133.45
133.08
148.17

58,180
58,476
69,877
84,270
86,123

264
268
274
271
260

127,168,321
129,301,925
155,280,258
180,835,533
173,165,422

2.30
1. 99
1. 99
2.20
2.37

14,766
13,710
12,722
18,055
14,650

152.51
157.99
162.37
181.42
174.34

79,509
79,449
77,497
84,094
80,022

240
236
223
241
236

164
116
95
107
158

2.42
2.36
2.45
2.89
2.53

10,206
7,892
5,925
5,014
8,709

150.44
160.81
152.68
135.57
139.56

73,005
64,331
61,927
56,866
69,200

270
292
288
284
291

271
350
273
352
430

2.92
3.03
2.50
3.10
3.47

15,594
23,092
22,483
25,133
30,350

167.86
200.11
205.61
221.54
245.01

1925 _________ 126,713


1924 _________ 123,128
1923 _________ 123,279
1922 _________ 105,697
192L ________
93,929

293
290
297
276
238

371
418
367
344
230

2.99
3.51
3.01
3.54
3.09

35,132
33,118
33,563
26,080
18,604

1920 _________
1919 _________
1918 _________
1917 _________
1916 _________

136,583
145,262
182,606
200,579
204,685

296
279
297
287
282

425
468
646
852
697

3.16
3.47
3.57
4.44
3.62

1915 ________
1914 _________
1913 _________
1912 _________
191L ________

152,118
158,115
191,276
169,199
165,979

280
271
288
287
282

553
559
683
661
695

3.89
3.92
3.72
4.09
4.45

1945 _____ . __
71 ,831
________
81,741
1943 _________ 100,752
1942 _________ 112,446
194L ________ 125,290

289
288
291
280
255

112
147
220
237
230

1.62
1.87
2.25
2.26
2.16

1940 __ . ______
1939 _________
1938 _________
1937 _________
1936 _________

120,120
111,909
103,027
118,429
100,932

242
233
228
252
250

223
173
156
219
199

1935 _________
1984 _________
1933 _________
1932 ______ - __
193L ________

92,314
66,645
57,016
53,288
80,940

220
221
204
208
231

1930 _________
1929 _________
1928 ____ __ .__
1927 _________
1926 _________

103,233
118,735
113,866
119,699
127,823

1944~

<

138

Injured

Total
number

Per
million
man-hours

Total
number

Per
:million
man-hours

140

141

142

143

58
73
80
112
76

0.42
0.56
0.52
0.62
0.44

4,121
4,437
5,199
6,349
6,870

32.41
34.32
33.48
35.11
39.67

147,243,591
143 ,846 , 583
133,766,111
158,298,530
147,064,448

72
48
82
77
91

0.49
0.33
0.61
0.49
0.62

5,188
5,204
5,027
6,348
5,717

35.23
36.18
37.58
40.10
38.87

200
204
183
195
224

110,033,341
95,258,880
87,888,263
93,709,860
133,750,124

51
60
59
32
61

0.46
0.63
0.67
0.34
0.46

4,152
3,924
3,637
3,574
5,427

37.73
41.19
41.38
38.14
40.58

80,633
85,561
89,667
91,517
91,146

255
268
272
271
271

186,502,184
211 ,765,529
224,953,034
229,805,889
230,464,089

105
126
119
135
154

0.56
0.59
0.53
0.59
0.67

7,417
9,810
10,568
13,459
13,201

39.77
46.32
46.98
58.57
57.28

283.53
278.04
275.41
268.48
249.69

91,872
94,242
92,455
79,081
77,185

273
269
276
261
233

233 ,222 ,241


236,982,774
239,109,000
193,362,000
168,363,000

149
138
143
132
120

0.64
0.58
0.60
0.68
0.71

14,165
14,777
14,990
11 ,839
10,465

60.74
62.35
62.69
61.23
62.16

32,562
31,506
42,915
46,286
48,237

242.02
233.60
237.09
240.97
250.64

86,488
75,505
68,332
82,290
90,797

267
253
260
261
253

216,465,000
179,135,000
166,472,000
200 ,841 ,000
214,692,000

178
123
125
131
173

0.82
0.69
0.75
0.65
0.81

11 ,217
9,199
8,719
13,242
13,427

51.82
51.35
52.38
65.93
62.54

35,295
30,216
32,971
30,724
26,577

248.56
211.87
179.59
190.11
170.27

100,740"
87,936
106,278
113,105
110,954

246
233
246
249
228

231 ,512 ,000


191,470,000
244,691,000
263 ,494,000
237,043,000

148
180
183
213
188

0.64
0.94
0.75
0.81
0.79

9,671
7,836
7,739
6,552
5,390

41. 77
40.93
31.63
24.87
22.74

Series G 144-158.-FATALITIES, PRODUCTION AND EMPLOYMENT-BITUMINOUS AND


ANTHRACITE MINES: 1870 TO,1945
[ Includes underground and surface accidents 1
NUMBER KILLED .

Total, bituminous and anthracite

yEAR

1945 1 __

Total
number
killed

Per
million
tons
mined

--- --144
145
------

Per
Per
million thousand
300-day
manhours
workers
146

147

PRODUCTION AND EMPLOYMENT (BITUMINOUS


AND ANTHRACITE)

In bituminous mines
Per
million
tons
mined
148

Per
Per
thousand thousand
employed 300-day
workers
149

150

In anthracite mines
Per
million
tons
mined
151

Production
Employment
Per
.Per
Number
thousand
Quantity
Tons
thousand 300-day (thousands per man- of emActive
Man-hours
employed workers
days
ployees
hour
of tons)
152

153

154

155

905,000,000
997,319,796
928 ,802,326
910 ,388,986
821 ,156, 793

0.685
0.661
0.637
0.615
0.594

533,267
539,375
541,528
589,856
584,582

199
179
163
195
197

748,420,870
678 ,195,593
621,168,448
811,422,146
826,386,460

424,632
416,536
383,172
359,565
441,751

0.580
0.541
0.533
0.565
0.549

565,202
566,426
523,182
527,623
589,705

180
184
171
149
168

732,607,581
769 ,430,678
719,148,559
636,391,330
804,394,130

536,911
608,817
576,093
597,859
657,804

0.535
0.521
0.507
0.490
0.486

644,006
654,494
682,831
759,177
759,033

192
221
206
199
221

1,002,691,781
1,168,551,000
1,135,543,000
1,219,079,000
1,352,840,000

1 944 ___
1943 ___
1 942 ___
1 94L __

1.19
1.30
1. 56
1.62
1. 54

2.83
3.05
3.39
3.42
3.26

1.62
1.81
2.06
2.14
2.08

2.58
2.99
3.01
2.77
2.34

2.96
3.22
3.44
3.41
3.28

2.62
2.74
3.80
3.88
3.58

1.93
2.24
2.85
2.75
2.18

2.17
2.29
3.17
3.45
3.16

2632,291
684,950
652,977
640,021
569,884

0.699
0.687
0.703
0.703
0.694

1 940 ___
1939 ___
1938 ___
1937 ___
1 936 ___

1,388
1,078
1,105
1,413
1,342

2.71
2.41
79
2.83
2.73

1.85
1.59
1. 78
1. 74
1.62

3.92
3.35
3.76
3.69
3.50

2.61
2.19
2.52
2.68
2.52

2.73
1. 95
1.98
2.44
2.28

4.07
3.29
3.68
3.74
3.46

3.57
4.11
4.88
4.15
4.46

1. 99
2.24
2.34
2.17
2.39

3.16
3.61
4.08
3.44
3.73

512,808
447,977
395,697
498,793
491,139

1935 ___
1 934 ___
1933 ___

1,242
1,226
1,064
1,207
1,463

2.92
2.94
2.78
3.36
3.31

1.70
1.59
. 1.48
1.90
1.82

3.67
3.54
3.58
4.60
4.42

2.60
2.67
2.50
3.09
2.83

2.09
2.09
1.99
2.36
2.40

3.53
3.52
3.58
4.85
4.42

5.24
4.69
4.66
4.99
6.42

2.66
2.47
2.21
'2.05
2.75

4.26
3.61
3.58
3.83
4.43

19 30 ___
1929 ___

2,063
2,187
2,176
2,231
2,518

3.84
3.59
3.78
3.73
3.83

2.06
1.87
1.92
1.83
1.86

5.00
4.54
4.64
4.43
4.50

3.46
3.19
3.45
3.36
3.60

3.28
3.39
3.31
2.93
3.48

5.26
4.63
4.90
4.60
4.86

6.40
6.53
5.93
6.11
5.36

2.94
3.18
2.78
2.96
2.74

4.22
4.24
3.85
3.94
3.37

1928 ___
1927. __
1926 ___
I

Preliminary.

158

262
281
264
243
213

1.71
1.90
2.22
2.30
2.22

1932 ___
193L __

157

437,000
453,937
486,516
530,861
546,692

1,079
1,298
1,451
1,471
1,266

~.

--156
---

Includes some "bootleg coal purchased by legitimate operators and prepared at their breakers."

748706-49-11

153

Data: G 144-158

MINERALS AND POWER

Series G 144-158.-FATALITIES, PRODUCTIOl~ AND E]\1PLOYIvIENT-BITUrv1INOUS AND


ANTHRACITE MINES: 1870 TO 1945.-Con.
IIncludes underground and surface accidents 1

PRODUCTION AND EMPLOYMENT


(BITUMINOUS AND ANTHRACITE)

NUMBER KILLED

Total, bituminous and


anthracite
YEAR

In bituminous mines

In anthracite mines

-P"'nil- r'th=r"thn~

r"thOU

Per mil- Per thou- Per thou


lion
sand
sand
Pee
million
sand
300-day
emtons
mal1- 300-day mined
ployed workers
hOUTS
workers

Employment

Production

sand
300-day
workers

Quantity
(thousands of
tons)

Tons
per
manhour

Number
of em- .
ployees

Active
days

Man-hours

------ --------------- -----144


148
149
145
146
147
150
151
152
------------------------

153

154

155

156

157

158

1925 ____
1924- ___
1923 ____
1922 ____
192L ___

2,234
2,402
2,462
1,984
1,995

3.84
4.20
3.74
4.16
3.94

1.93
1.99
1.82
2.03
1.74

4.65
4.80
4.39
4.90
4.20

3.53
3.94
3.46
3.99
3.48

3.12
3.08
2.77
2.45
2.18

4.79
5.39
4.65
5.16
4.38

6.47
5.64
5.45
5.49
6.05

2.50
3.10
3.23
1. 91
3.43

4.12
3.39
3.62
3.81
3.80

. 581,870
571 ,613
657,904
476,951
506,395

0.501
0.473
0.485
0.487
0.442

748,805
779,613
862,536
844,807
823,2.53

192
192
195
144
173

1,160,334,000
1,207,475,000
1,356,089,000
979, 995 ,000
1,145,738,000

1920 ____
1919 ____
1918 ____
1911- ___
1916 ____

2,272
2,323
2,580
2,696
2,226

3.45
4.19
3.80
4.14
3.77

1.57
1.77
1.61
1.71
1. 53

3.78
4.28
3.94
4.25
3.93

3.13
3.62
3.50
3.83
3.33

2.78
2.71
3.30
3.50
2.98

3.79
4.16
3.97
4.33
3.88

5.48
7.21
5.58
5.84
6.34

3.38
4.11
3.75
3.77
3.47

3.74
4.64
3.83
3.98
4.11

658,265
553,952
678,212
651,402
590,098

0.454
0.423
0.424
0.413
0.406

784,621
776,569
762,426
757,317
720,971

230
209
258
251
235

1,451,162,000
1,309,155,000
1,599,854,000
1,575,863,000
1,452,788,000

1915 ____
1914- ___
1913 ____
1912 ____
191L ___

2,269
2,454
2,785
2,419
2,656

4.27
4.78
4.89
4.53
5.35

1.69
1.78
1.80
1.70
2.04

4.44
4.66
4.70
4.46
4.97

3.80
4.40
4.53
4.04
4.82

3.02
3.19
3.79
3.31
3.53

4.47
4.90
4.90
4.46
5.02

6.58
6.55
6.75
7.12
7.73

3.32
3.31
3.52
3.45
4.02

4.33
4.05
4.10
4.48
4.90

531,619
513,525
570,048
534,467
496,371

0.397
0.373
0.368
0.376
0.381

734,008
763,185
747,644
722,662
728,348

209
207
238
225
220

1,339,279,000
1,378,437,000
1,549,294,000
1,422,694,000
1,302,108,000

5.30
5.35
5.54
6.25
4.87

5.32
5.46
5.42
6.46
4.72

4.00
4.15
3.50
4.99
3.38

5.53
5.58
5.44
6.40
4.76

7.11
6.99
8.14
8.27
7.81

3.55
3.40
3.89
4.23
3.43

4.65
4.79
5.84
5.77
5.28

Total
number
killed

Pe~ mUhon

~i::d

1910 ____
1909 ____ -------1908 ____ -------1907 ____ --------1906 _____ ... ------

-------

5.62
5.73
5.97
6.78
5.27

---------------

----------------------

lion
tons
mined

sand
employed

---------- -------- ------------------------ -------------...... -------- --------------------------------------- -------- ---------- -------- --------------------- ----_ .. ---- -------- ------------------------_ ... ------ -------- ---------- -------... -------------

"

NUMBER KILLED

Total killed

YEAR

1905 ______ - __
1904- _____ - __
1903 ______ - __
1902 ______ - __
190L ________

Per
million
tons
mined

Per
thousand
300-day
workers

In bituminous mines
Per
million
tons
mined

Per
thousand
employed

Per
thousand
300-day
workers

NUMBER KILLED

Per
million
tons
mined

Fer
thousand
employed

Per
thousand
300-day
workers

-----------------------151
145
147
149
150
153
148
152
-----------5.78
5.88
5.47
5.81
5.40

5.14
5.17
4.72
5.15
4.54

5.14
5.26
5.07
5.58
4.74

3.53
3.35
3.47
3.93
3.16

5.02
4.98
4.63
5.13
4.21

8.29
8.13
6.94
7.25
7.60

3.89
3.82
3.44
2,03
3.53

5.43
5.73
5.01
5.25
5.40

1900 _________
1899 _________
1898 _________
189L ________
1896 _________

5.72
5.08
4.97
5.08
5.85

4.87
4.40
4.28
4.27
4.62

5.32
4.25
4.06
3.99
4.45

3.74
3.05
2.64
2.38
2.51

4.79
3.91
3.75
3.64
3.92

7.16
7.63
7.70
8.04
9.22

2.85
3.30
2.82
2.82
3.36

5.15
5.72
5.57
5.64
5.79

1895 _________
189L ____ ~ ___
1893 _________
1892 _________
189L ________

6.00
5.91
5.39
5.98
6.06

4.68
4.50
4.03
4.42
4.30

5.46
4.65
4.07
5.06
4.94

3.09
2.26
2.26
3.05
2.86

4.78
3.96
3.32
4.17
3.85

7.26
8.57
8.43
7.97
8.45

2.95
3.38
3.42
3.24
3.39

4.51
5.34
5.21
4.91
5.01

1890 _________
1889 _________
1888 _________

5.01
5.22
5.61

3.50

3.56
3.44
4.38

2.15
1.77
2.23

2.85

8.13
8.45
7,81

3.00
3.11
2.98

4.50
4.81
4.10

154

---------------

---------------

In bituminous
mines

In anthracite mines

YEAR

1887 ________
1886 ________

Total,
per
million
tons
mined

Per
million
tons
mined

In anthracite mines

Per
thousand
employed

Per
million
tons
mined

Per
thousand
employed

Per
thousand
300-day
workers

- - - - - - - - -- - ----- - 145
148
149
151
152
153
--------- --------4.86
5.23

3.08
3.89

1.55
1.85

7.46
7.12

2.95
2.70

4.25
4.13

1885 ________
1884- ______ ~
1883 ________
1882 ________
188L _______

5.91
6.17
6.58
5.72
6.04

3.48
4.11
4.99
3.63
2.75

1.68
2.26
3.09
1. 95
1. 67

9.36
8.94
8.40
8.29
8.55

3.58
3.28
3.53
3.54
3.59

5.26
5.12
4.56
4.87
4.87

1880 ________
1879 ________
1878 ________
1877 ________
1876 ________

5.16
6.82
6.38
7.28
9.20

2.95
3.39
3.17
5.90
4.29

1.43
2.02
1.86
2.17
1. 00

7.05
8.67
8.62
7.56
9.96

2.75
3.81 -------2.92 -------2.90 -------3.22
--_ ..

----

1875 ________
1874 ________
1873 ________
1872 ________
187L _______

9.51
4.93
1.60
9.26
8.88
2.11
10.06 -------... ---9.20 -------- -------10.86 -------- ------f""-

10.50
9.31
10.06
9.20
10.86

3.37 -------4.33 -------5.46 -------4.98 ------- ...


5 .60 --------

1870 ________

13.47

13.47

5.93 --------

--_

-------- --------

POWER

Data: G 159-170

Series G 159-170.-POWER-ANNUAL SUPPLY OF ENERGY FROMMINERAL FUELS AND


WATER POWER: 1819 TO 1945
lIn trillions of British therma.l units. Unit heat values employed are: Anthracite, 13,600 B.t.u. per lb.; bituminous coal, 13,100 B.t.u. per lb.: petroleum, 6,000,000 B.t.u.
per barrel; natural gas, 1,075 B.t.u. per cu. ft. Water power includes installations owned by manufacturing plants and mines, as well as Government and privately
owned public utilities. The fuel equivalent of water power is calculated from the kilowatt-hours of power produced wherever available, as is true of all public-utility
plants since 1919. Otherwise the fuel equivalent is calculated from the reported horse-power of installed water wheels, assuming a capacity factor of 20 percent for
manufactures and mines and of 40 percent for public utilities]
GRAND TOTAL ENERGY

WATER POWER

MINERAL FUELS

Coal
YEAR
OR
ANNUAL
AVERAGE

With water
power at
constant
fuel
equivalent

With water
. power at
prevailing
central station
equivalent

159

160

prevailAt consta n t At
ing central
fuel
station
equivalent I equivalent
2
161

Total
mineral
fuels

Total
coal

Bituminous

163

164

165

162

Petroleum and natural gas


Petroleum
Total
Pennsyl- petroleum
(total crud, includvania
ing
that refined)
and
anthracit e natural
gas Domestic
Imports
production
166

168

167

169

Natural
gas (total
production)
170

1945 ______
1944 _______
1943 _______
1942 _______
194L ______

36,030
36,451
33,900
32,069
29,549

33,009
33,635
31,205
29,720
27,679

4,463
4,160
3,999
3,485
2,804

1,442
1,344
1,304
1,136
934

31,567
32,291
29,901
28,584
26,745

16,628
17,966
17,113
16,908
15,004

15,134
16,233
15,463
15,267
13,471

1,494
1,733
1,650
1.641
1 ;533

12,788
11,676
11,741

10,282
10,067
9,()34
8,320
8,413

444
269
83
74
304

4,213
3,989
3,671
3,282
3,024

1940 _______
1939 _______
1938 _______
1937 _______
1936 ______ ~

27,327
24,620
22, '165
25,957
24,367

25,587
23,035
21,165
24,382
22,923

2,620
2,423
2,466
2,446
2,256

880
838
866
871
812

24,707
22,197
20,299
23,511
22,111

13,472
11,745
10,387
13,083
12,989

12,072
10,345
9,132
11 ,673
11 ,504

1,400
1,400
1,255
1,410
81,485

11,235
10,452
9,912
10,428
9,122

8,119
7,590
7,286
7,675
6,598

256
199
158
165
194

2,860
2,663
2,468
2,588
2,330

1935 _______
1934 _______
1933 _______
1932 _______
193L ______

21,615
20,431
19,317
18,022
20,557

20,214
19,233
18,097
16,835
19,504

2,207
1,896
1,931
1,900
1,721

806
698
711
713
668

19,408
18,535
17,386
16,122
18,836

11,175
10,970
10,089
9,470
11 ,633

9,756
9,415
8,741
8,114
10,011

31,419
1,555
1,348
1,356
1,622

8,233
7,565
7,297
6,652
7,203

5,980
5,448
5,434
4,711
5,106

193
213
191
268
284

2,060
1,904
1,672
1,673
1,813

1930 _______
1929 _______
1928 _______
1927 _______
1926 _______

23,842
26,534
24,685
24,741
25,209

22,738
25,421
23,597
23 ,830
24,445

1,856
1,929
1,942
1,687
1,492

752
816
854
776
728

21,986
24,605
22,743
23,054
23,717

14,136
16,025
15,169
15,744
17,319

12,249
14,017
13,120
13,565
15,022

1,887
2,008
2,04.9
2,179
2,297

7,850
8,580
7,574
7,310
6,398

5,388
6,044
5,409
5,407
4,625

873
474
479
350
362

2,089
2,062
1,686
1,553
1,411

1925 _______
1924 _______
1923 _______
1922 _______
192L ______

22,827
22,209
24,436
18,501,.
18,563

22.205
21,699
23,985
18,123
18,275

1,290
1,167
1,136
1,024
908

668
648
685
643
620

21,537
21,042
23,300
17,480
17,655

15,306
15,064
17,331
12,551
13,358

13,625
12,672
14,792
11 ,063
10,897

1,681
2,392
2,539
1,487
2,461

6,231
5,978
5,969
4,929
4,297

4,582
4,284
4,394
3,345
2,833

871
467
492
764
752

1,278
1,228
1,083
820
712

1920 _______
1919 _______
1918 _______
1917 _______
1916 _______

22,460
18,883
21,842
21,020
19,038

22,227
18,709
21,706
20,914
18,969

971
892
837
806
750

738
718
701
700
681

21,489
17,991
21,005
20,214
18,288

17,336
14,602
17,868
17,166
15,548

14,899
12,206
15,180
14,457
13,166

2,437
2,396
2,688
2,709
2,382

4,153
3,389
3,137
3,048
2,740

2,658
2,270
2,136
2,012
1,805

637
317
226
181
125

858
802
775
855
810

1915 _______
1914 ___ ___
1913 _______
1912 _______
1911 _______

17,184
16,517
17,831
16,609
15,475

17,149
16,513
17,852
16,656
15,544

694
640
588
538
496

659
636
609
585
565

16,490
15,877
17,243
16,071
14,979

14,018
13,545
15,025
14,088
13,096

11 ,597
11 ,075
12,535
11,793
10,635

2,421
2,470
2,490
2,295
2,461

2,472
2,332
2,219
1,983
1,883

1,687
1,595
1,491
1,338
1,323

109
101
102
41
9

676
636
626
604
551

1910 _______
1909 _______
1908 _______
1907 _______
19@6 _______

15,486
14,182
12,846
14,430
12,393

15,572
14,284
12,957
14,546
12,513

453
411
365
325
294

539
513
476
441
414

15,033
13,771
12,481
14,105
12,099

13,226
12,155
10,978
12,671
10 ~ 982

10,928
9,949
8,713
10,343
8,983

2,298
2,205
2,265
2,328
1,939

1,807
1,616
1,503
1,434
1,177

1,257
3
(4)
1,099
1,071 ---------997 -- -------759 - _ .. - - - _ .. _..

547
517
432
437
418

1905 _______
1904 _______
1903 _______
1902 ____ .; __
190L ______

11 ,817
10,561
10,565
8,956
8,610

11 ,938
10,680
10,680
9,066
8,715

265
235
206
179
159

386
354
321
289
264

11 ,552
10,326
10,359
8,777
8,451

10,367
9,291
9,437
7,943
7,752

8,255
7,301
7,408
6,818
5,917

2,112
1,990
2,029
1,125
1,835

1,185 .
1,035
922
834
699

1900 _______
1899 ___.____

7,905
7,426

8,009
7,529

146
135

250
238

7,759
7,291

7,123
6,708

5,563
5,065

1,560
1,643

1896-1900 __
1891-1895 __
1886-1890 __

6,690 -------------5,316 -------------4,221 --------------

------------------- ------- .. _---

6,561
5,212
4,131

6,006
4,739
3,.669

4,493
3,286
2,474

1881-1885 __
1876-1880 __
1871-1875 __

3,110 -------------1,857 -------------1,520 --------------

85 ----------83 ----------80 -----------

3,025
1,774
1,440

2,848
1,673
1,391

- ----------

4,225
1,934
904
419

3,746
1,815
879
419

- ---------- ---------- ----------

173
68
6

173
68
6

129
104
90

1889 _______
4,316 - ------------91
1879 ________
- ---------1869 ________ ------------ -- ------------------------- - -----'----1859 ________ ------------ - ------------- - ---------1849 ________
1839 _________------------ - ------------- - ---------1829 _________ ----------- - ------------- - ---------1819 _________ ------- ---- - ------------- - ----------------- --- - ------------- - --------------~------

-----------

.. ----------

- ----------

- ----------

(6)

1 Assuming 4.02 pounds of coal per kilowatt-hour, which is the ave~age of central
electric station practice in 1913, the base period used.
2 Assu~ing the average central-station practice for each of the years for which
data are available, which declined from about 7.05 pounds of coal per kilowatthour in 1899 to 1.30 pounds in 1945.
S Does not include an unknown amount of boot.leg or stolen coal. If this were
i ucluded, the energy for anthracite would be increased approximately 109 trillion

(6)

14,939
14,3~5

----------------------------- ----- --- - - - - - - - --

5377
5333
5319
5301
" 283

636
582

382 ---------342 ----------

6254
5240

1,513
1,453
1,195

555
473
462

357 ---------307 ---------198 ----------

r; 198
5166
5264

1,863
955
754

985
718
637

177
101
49

524
153 ---------101 ---------- .. ---------49 ---------- .. -- ----_ .. - -

2,507
993
415
158

1,239
822
464
262

479
119
25

211 --------- ..
5268
(6)
119 ---------25 ---------- - ----------

_____ 5_1

(0)

----------

808
702
603
533
416

(6)

---------- - ----------

109 ---------- - --------- - - - - - - - - - - ----------27 ---------- - --------- - --------- - ---------4


--------- - --------- - ---- -- - ---

1========== =--------- -

-----~---

- - -- -- - ---

B.t.u. in 1935 and 1936 respectively, and the total energy would be increa.sed
accordingly.
4 Imports negligible.
5 Based on amount of coal displaced by gas as estimated by gas companies at
the time.
6 Lss than 0.5.

155

MINERALS AND POWER

Data: G 171-190

Series G 171-182.-POWER-ELECTRIC ENERGY, PRODUCTION BY TYPE OF PRIIvI.E IVIOVER:


1902 TO 1945
[In thousands of kilowatt-hours I
ELECTRIC UTILITIES

TOTAL UTILITY AND INDUSTRIAL

Total

YEAR

Hydro

171

Internal
combustion

Steam

Hydro

Total

177

178

84,747,079
78,904,563
79,077,653
69,132,585
55,356,832

79,970,312
73,945,184
73,632,223
63,870,575
50,862,952

140,435,268
152,327,495
142,380,595
120,478,951
112,319,000

2,080,703
1,916,165
1,746,013
1,629,950
1,605,926

48,768,613
51,335.847
49,781,366
47,166,886
43,518,573

4,776,767
4,959,379
5,445,430
5,262,010
4,493,880

1940 _____
1939 _____
1938 _____
1931- ____
1936 _____

179,906,954
161,308,487
141,955,371
146,475,675
136 ,006,033

51,658,558 124,941,199 3,307,197 141,837,010 47,321,278


47,691,261 110,635,490 2,981,736 127,641 ,804 43,563,627
93,560,687
113,812,371 44,279,309
48,394,684
48,272,115
98,203,560
118,912,675 44,012,945
93,256,386
109,316,033 39,057,647
42,749,647

93,001,735
82,783,741
68,423,122
73,890,698
69,359,153

1,513,997
1,294,436
1,109,940
1,009,032
899,233

38,069,944
33,666,683
28,143,000
27,563,000
26,690,000

4,337,280 31,939,464/1,793,200
4,127,634 27,851,749 1,687,300
4,115,375
24,027,625
4,259,170
23,303,830
3,692,000
22,998,000

1935 _____
1934- ____
1933 _____
1932 _____
193L ____

118,935,390 ----------110,403,753 .---------102,655,069 ----------99,358,929 35,997,809


109,373,101 -----------

1930 _____
1929 _____
1928 _____
1927 _____
1926 _____

114;636,548
116,747,273 ----------108,068,647 ----------101,389,741 32,924,237
94,221,796 -----------

1925 _____
1924 _____
1923 _____
1922 _____
192L ____

84,666,091 ----------75,891,796 ----------71,398,664 ----------61,204,457 21,261,656


53,125,123 -----------

1920 _____ 56,558,639


----------1911- ____ 43,428,806 13,947,800
1912 _____ 24,752,110 7,387,500
1907 _____ 14,121 ;277 _
---------1902 _____
5,969,051 _----------

174

175

4,799,347
4,955,757
4,510,920
4,288,450
3,792,626

222,486,283
228 , 188 ,844
217,75,8,831
185,979,476
164,787,878

---------.
--------- -

63;36i;120
---------------------------68:465:504

----------

-------------------

---------39,942,801

---------29~48i~006

17,364;610

-------------------

176

Internal
combustion

Steam

271 ,254 ,896


279,524,691
267,540,197
233,146,362
208,306,451

-----------

173

Hydro

Total

1945 _____
1944 _____
1943 _____
1942 _____
194L ____

172

181,708,470
195,664,371
183,951,624
159,725,327
149,156,993

Steam

INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS 1

Internal
combustion

179

180

95,287,390
87,257,753
81,740,069
79,392,929
87,350,101

38,372,154
32,684,157
33,457,189
32,877,809
29,027,455

56,144,412
53,9&8,388
47,708,527
45,922,394
57,685,341

770,824
635,208
574,353
592,726
637,305

23,648,000
23,146,000
20,915;000
19,966,000
22,023,000

91,111,548
92,180,273
82,793,647
75,418,306
69,352,796

31,189,554
32,647,659
32,873,906
28,474,237
25,602,696

59,293,363
58,965,559
49,370,205
46,614,831
43,422,070

628,631
567,055
549,535
329,238
328,030

23,525,000
24,567,000
25,275,000
25,971 ,435
24,869,000

61,451,091
54,661,796
51,228,664
43,632,457
37,180,123

21,797,874
19,489,596
18,939,708
16,875,956
14,703,013

39,367,118
34,954,601
32,092,555
26,578,966
22,311 ,423

286,099
217,599
196,401
177,535
165,687

23,215,000
21,230,000
20,170,000
17,572,000
15,945,000

39,404,639 15,760,296
25,438,303 10,100,000
11 ;569,110 4,500,000
5,862,277 ----------2,507,051 -----------

23,488,451
155,892 17,154,000
15,338,303
17,990,503
7,069,110
13,183,000
8,259,000
---------3,462,000
-----_ . ---

181

182

41,273,202
43,336,876
41,571 ,029
39,246,376
36,837,993

--.--------

2,718,644
3,039,592
2,764,907
2,658,500
2,186,706

----------

--------------------.
3,120,000
-------------------------------

----------

----------

16,846,000

------------------------------------21,521,435
_.. -----------------

----------4,450,000

-------------------------------

----------

----------4,385,700

i3:i85~30ii
.. ----_ .. ---

--------------------3,847,800

----------

14,142,703
10,295,500

2,887,500

-----------

-------------------

-----------

1 Includes electric railroads and railways. Does not include generation by non utility plants of less than 100 kw capacity or of plants in hotels, .apartment houses
office buildings, or other commercial e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . .
.
,

Series G 183-190.-"-POWER-ELECTRIC ENERGY, PRODUCTION BY CLASS OF OWNERSHIP:


,
1902 TO 1945
[ In thousands of kilowatt-hours 1
ELECTRIC UTILITIES
YEAR

Total
utility and
industrial

-----183

Total
utilities
184

Publicly owned

Privately
owned

Total

Municipal

Federal

185

186

187

188

Other

Industrial
establishments 1

189

190

1945 _________________________________________
1944 _________________________________________
1943 _________________________________________
1942 _________________________________________
1941 _________________________________________

271 ,254 ,896


279,524 ,691
267,540 ,197
233,146,362
208,306,451

222,486,283
228 ,188,844
217,758,831
185,979,476
164,787,878

180,925,917
185,849,805
180,247,395
158,051,924
144 ,289 ,667

41,560,366
42,339,039
37,511 ,436
27,927,552
20,498,211

9,623,807
9,637,218
9,222,868
7,610,251
7,022,541

28 ;000,758
28,866,427
24,484,617
16,893,429
10,793,528

3,935,801
3,835,394
3,803,951
3,423,872
2,682,142

48,768,613
5'1,335,847
49,781,366
47,166,886
43,518,573

1940 _________________________________________
1939 ______________ " __________________________
1938 _________________________________________
1937 _________________________________________
1936 ________ " ________________________________

. 179,906,954
161,308,487
141,955,371
146,475,675
136,006,033

141,837,010
127,641,804
113,812,371
118,912,675
109,316,033

125,410,966
115,077,919
104,090,247
110,463,615
102,293,368

16,426,044
12,563,885
9,722,124
8,449,060
7,022,665

6,187,844
5,688,235
5,237,123
5,270,182
4,705,309

8,583,702
5,475,698
3,028,902
1,843,204
1,072,027

1,654,498
1,399,952
1,456,099
1,335,674
1,245,329

38,069,94433,666,683
28,143,000
27,563,000
26,690,000

1935 ___________________________ - ______ - - __ - _ 1934 _________________________________________


1933 _______________________________ - ______ - - _
1932 _________________________________________
1931 _________________________________________

118,935,390
110,403,753
102,655,069
99,358,929
109,373,101

95,287,390
87,257,753
81,740,069
79,392,929
87,350,101

89,329,706
82,079,035
76,667,791
74,488,136
82,596,569

5,957,684
5,178,718
5,072,278
4,904,793
4,753,532

4,228,569
3,833,603
3,582,916
3,516,875
3,434,634

555,070
356,886
458,406
444,780
,197,407

1,174,045
988,229
1,030,956
943,138
821,491

23,648,000
23,146,000
20,915,000
19,966,000
22,023,000

1930 ____________________ - __________ - _________


1929 ________________ - ______________ - _________
1928 ________________ - ______________ - _________
1927 _________ , _______________________________
1926 ________________ - ___ - ______________ - __ - - _

114,636,548
116,747,273
108,068,647
101,389 ,741
94,221,796

91,111,548
92,180,273
82,793,647
75,418,306
69,352,796

86,108,428
87,513,677
78,206,656
70,920,454
65,479,835

5,003,120
4,666,596
4,586,991
4,497,852
3,872,961

3,603,725
3,497,538
3,244,813
3,050,680
2,832,457

465,051
299,618
356,335
667,953
517,635

934,344
869,440
985,843
779,219
522,869

23,525,000
24,567,000
25,275,000
25,971,435
24,869,000

1925 _________________________________________
1924 __________________ - _ - _- _- _- - - __ - __ - - __ - - _
1923 ________________ - _____________ - - ______ - __
1922 ________________________ - ______ - _________
1921 _________________________________________

84,666,091
75,891,796
71 ,398,664
61,204,457
53,125,123

61,451,091
54,661,796
51,228,664
43,632,457
37,180,123

58,684,988
52,315,022
49,044,166
41,659,944
35,455,605

2,766,103
2,346,774
2,184,498
1,972,51.3
1,724,518

2,302,152
1,940,164
1,851,463
1,636,750
1,421,864

103,418
57,332
63,044
55,538
52,676

360,533
349,278
269,991
280,225
249,978

23,215,000
21,230,000
20,170,000
17,572,000
15,945,000

1920 ________________ - _______ - ______ - - ________


1917 _______________________________________ -_
1912 ________________ - __ - - _______ - _- - - _- - - __ - _
1907 ________________ - - - - - - - - - __ - - _- - - - - - - - - -1902 ________________ - - ______ - _____ - - - ___ - _ - - _

56,558,639
43,428,806
24,752,110
14,121,277
5,969,051

39,404,639
25,438,303
11 ,569 ,110
5,862,277
2,507,051

37,715,985
24,398,983
11 ,031,583
5,572,814
2,311,147

1,688,654
1,039,320
537,527
289,463
195,904

58,231

257,229

17,154,000
17,990,503
13,183,000
8,259,000
3,462,000

----

I Includes electric railroads and railways. Does not include generation by nonutility plants of less than 100 kw capacity or by plants in hotels, apartment houses,
office buildings, or other commercial establishments. In 1927 the total of such
generation was approximately 1 % percent of the total generation of utility

156

1,373,194
1,039,320
2537,527
2289,463
2195,904

------------ ---- ... ------------------ ----------------------- ----------------------- ------------

and non utility establishments. The relative total of the generation excluded has
declined materially since 1927.
2 Municipal class assumed to comprise total publicly owned group.

POWER

Data: G 191-204

Series G 191-193.-POWER-ELECTRIC ENERGY, INDUSTRIAL USE: 1902 TO 1945


[ In thousands of kilowatt-hours

Total

Manufacturing

Extracting

191

192

193

YEAR

Total

Manufacturing

Extracting

191

192

193

1945 ____ 143,161,859


1944- ___ 158,750,658
1943 ____ 158,525,151
1942 ____ 133 ,898 ,946
1941. ___ 113 ,931 ,973
1940 ____
1939 ____
1938 ____
1937. ___
1936 ____

Total

Manufacturing

Extracting

191

192

193

YEAR

YEAR

----

131,856,177
147,400,537
146,849,337
122,761,700
104,037,488

11 ,305 ,682
11 ,350,121
11,675,814
11 ,137 ,246
9,894,485

1935 ____ 63,265,000


1934 ____ 56,695,000
1933 ____ 52,358,000
1932 ____ 48,614,000
1931. ___ 56,512,000

56,705,567
50,593,202
46,561,290
43,503,744
50,410,500

6,559,433
6,101,798
5,796,710
5,110,256
6,101,500

1925 ____ 45,500,000


1924 ____ 40,300,000
1923 ____ 38,250,000
1922 ____ 32,200,000
1921. ___ 28,000,000

39,724,600
34,966,900
32,585,200
27,364,400
23,993,000

5,775,400
5,333,100
5,664,800
4,835,600
4,007,000

83,275,834
70,959,561
58,451,570
64,757,482
62,949,025

9,114,576
8,084,883
7,398,430
8,542,018
7,550,975

1930 ____ 61,023,000


1929 ____ 63,889,170
1928 ____ 59,750,000
1927 ____ 57,382,720
1926 ____ 52,750,000

53,929,660
55,732,341
52,699,025
51,011,500
46,350,000

7,093,340
8,156,829
7,050,975
6,371,220
6,400,000

1920 ____ 31,500,000


1917. ___ 23,750,000
1912 ____ 11 ,250 ,000
1907. ___
6,100,000
1902 ____
1,500,000

26,912,600
20,750,000
9,250,000
5,068,000
1,296,000

4,587,400
3,000,000
2,000,000
1,032,000
204,000

92,390,410
79,044,444
65,850,000
73,300,000
70,500,000

Series G 194-199.-POWER-ELECTRIC ENERGY, CONSUMPTION OF FUELS BY ELECTRIC


UTILITIES: 1920 TO 1945
Represents fuel consumed for production of electric energy 1

YEAR

Total coal and


equivalent
Coal
Quantity

Pounds
per KWH

195

196

194

1945 ___
1944 ___
1943 ___
1942 ___
1941. __

1,000
Short
kwh
tons
142,331,104 92,641,901
153,867,569 99,250,520
143,785,367 93,274,914
121 ,584 ,578 79,075,132
113,272,492 75,699,849

1940 ___
1939 ___
1938 ___
1937 ___
1936 ___

93,962,747
83,627,710
69,255,364
7.4,501,856
69,823,024

Pounds

62,942,344
57,598,037
48,559,770
53,559,609
50,144,035

1935 ___ 56,688,508 40,796,761


1934 ___ 54,417,880 39,366,879
1933 ___ 48,170,167 35,273,854

FUEL CONSUMED

FUEL CONSUMED

Net
generation
by
fuel J

Fuel oil

197

198

Short
tons

42 gal.
bbls.

Gas

YEAR

199
1,000

1. 30
1.29
1.30
1.30
1.34

74,724,956 20,228,215
80 ;083 ,539 20,862,171
77,300,574 17,985,593
66,256,667 15,235,851
62 ;667,734 20,077,128

1.34
1.38
1.40
1.44
1.44

51,473,881
44,538,529
38,393,533
42,929,609
40,085,035

cu. ft.

326,211 ,969
358,783,574
301,936,871
235 ,208 ,023
201,763,432

16,325,122 180,096,185
17,138,911 IS8 ~ 876,692
12,942,387 165;504,219
13,829,222 169,127,305
14,078,929 154,084,268

1.44 32,714,761 11 ,256,565 124,117,769


1.45 31,413,879 10,258,241 127,071,042
1.46 28,542,854 9,606,208 101,984,743

Net
generation
by
fuel J

Total coal and


equivalent
Coal

Fuel oil

Gas

196

197

198

199

Pounds

Short
tons

42 gal.

Quantity

Pounds
per KWH

195

194

1,000
Short
kwh
tons
1932 ___ 46,421,716 34,488,962
1931. __ 58,014,025 43,954,088

1,000

cu. ft.

bbls.

1.49 28,055,962 7,582,625 107,102,791


1. 52 36,115,088 7,922,035 138,458,318

1930 ___ 59,582,842 47,544,989


1929 ___ 59,154,239 49,039,358
1928 ___ 49,621,527 43,020,077
1927 ___ 46,659,959 42,491,616
1926 ___ 43,471 ,619 41,341,930

1.60
1. 66
1. 73
1.82
1. 90

40,277,989
41,827,358
38,042,077
38,198,616
36,841,930

8,804,530
9,782,920
6,817,794
6,552,206
8,999,424

119,552,711
112,353,453
77,154,508
62,485,022
52,646,798

1925 ___ 39,442,625 40,014,365


1924 ___ 34,963;452 38,855,334
1923 ___ 32,088,103 38,404,380
1922 ___ 26,561,006 33,401,800
1921. __ 22,343,460 30,435,972

2.0
2.2
2.4
2.5
2.7

35,615,365
32,790,334
33,636,380
29,192,800
26,603,972

9,793,922
16,059,942
13,925,308
12,442,935
11,504,999

45,471 ,839
47,301,272
29,340,456
24,995,847
21,700,882

1920 ___

3.0

31,639,765 12,689,634 22,136,176

23,494,710 35,790,765

Excludes generation by wood and waste fuels.

Series G 200-204.-POWER-GENERATING PLANTS AND PRODUCTION PER KILOWATT OF


INSTALLED GENERATING CAPACITY, ELECTRIC UTILITIES: 19.02 TO 1945
[ Production in kilowatt-hours 1
NUMBER OF ELECTRIC UTILITY
GENERATING PLANTS 1
YEAR

Internal
combustion

Production per
kilowatt of
installed
generating
capacity 2

Total

Hydro

Steam

200

201

202

1945 _________
1944. ________
1943 _________
1942 _________
1941. ________

3,886
3,933
3,959
3,899
3,882

1,505
1,510
1,507
1,489
1,473

1,057
1,082
1,101
1,100
1,116

1,324
1,341
1,351
1,310
1,293

4,440
4,639
4,541
4,128
3,886

1940 _________
1939 _________
1938 _________
1937 _________
1936 _________

3,918
3,938
3,903
3,918
3,896

1,474
1,487
1,479
1,473
1,471

1,153
1,195
1,252
1,283
1,337

1,291
1,256
1,172
1,162
1,088

1935 _________
1934- ________
1933 _________
1932 _________
1931. ________

4,023
3,999
4,012
4,027
4,037

1,476
1,471
1,482
1,460
1,461

1,424
1,454
1,514
1,553
1,577

1,123
1,074
1,016
1,014
999

203

Each prime mover type in combination plants counted separately.

NUMBER OF ELECTRIC UTILITY


.GENERATING PLANTS 1
YEAR

Internal
combustion

Production per
kilowatt of
Installed
generating
capacity?

Total

Hydro

Steam

200

201

202

1930 _________
1929 _________
1928 _________
1927 _________
1926 _________

4,043
3,838
3,830 '
3,707
3,742

1,446
1,389
1,370
1,299
1,287

1,626
1,693
1,717
1,869
1,964

971
756
743
539
491

2,813
3,089
2,978
3,007
2,966

3,552
3,284
3,036
3,338
3,116

1925 _________
1924 _________
1923 _________
1922 _________
192L ________

3,738
3,783
3,768
3,722
3,726

1,250
1,221
1,191
1,142
1,120

2,004
2,169
2,224
2,276
2,324

484
393
353
304
282

2,862
3,092
3,275
3,074
2,750

2,767
2,557
2,363
2,309
2,592

1920 _________
1917 _________
1912 _________
1907. ________
1902 _________

3,831
2,422
1,125
284
4,364 ---------- ---------- -----------3,520 ---------- ------- ... -- -----.------3,200 ---------- ---------- -----------2,250 ---------- ---------- ------ ------

3,099
2,828
2,240
2,164
2,068

204

Based on capacity in service at end of year.

203

204

157

Data: G 205-224

MINERALS AND POWER

Series G 205-216.-POWER-INSTALLED GENERATING CAPACITY BY TYPE OF PRHviE


MOVER: 1902 TO 1945
[ In kilowatts
TOTAL UTILITY AND INDUSTRIAL

Total

YEAR

Hydro

205

206

Steam

ELECTRIC UTILITIEB

Internal
combustion

Total

208

209

207

Hydro

INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS 1

Internal
combustion

Steam

210

211

212

1945 _____
1944 _____
1943 _____
1942 _____
194L ____

62,867,814
62,065,736
60,539,370
57,237,187
53,995,245

15,891,718
15,696,283
14,991,110
13,946,933
12,912,374

1,728,042 50,110,928
1,732,559 49,189,072
1,708.154147,950,767
1,696,950 45,052,950
1,608,77742,405,436

14,911,617
14,586,324
13,883,583
12,841,933
11,817,374

34,112,603
33,540,807
33,014,581
31,168,567
29,599,285

1940 _____
1939 _____
1938 _____
1937 _____
1936 _____

50,962,343
49,438,165
46,873,095
44,370,;011
43,581,569

12,303,729 37,137,919 1,520,695 39,926,881


12,074,939 35,931,950 1,431,276 38,862,716
35,190,933
37,492,095
11 ,682 ,162
33,184,348
11 ,185 ,663
35,6~0,011
32,544,404
35,081,569
11 ,037 ,165

11 ,223,729
11,003,939
10,657,162
10,175,663
10,037,165

1935 _____
1934 _____ ----------- --------------------- ----------1933 _____ --------------------1932 _____ 42,849,239. 10.257,651
193L ____ -----------

--------------------- -----------

1930 _____
1929 _____
1928 _____ ----------- --------------------- ----- -----1927 _____ 34,574,025
7,927,351
1926 ____ ~ -----------

-----------

1925 _____
1924 _____ ----------- ----------1923 _____ ----------- --------------------- ----------1922 _____ 20,467,622
5,228,476
192L ____

- . --------- -----------

1920 _____
1917 _____
1912 _____
1907 _____
1902 _____

----------- -----------

15,494,407
10,980,439
6,809,225
2,987,235

3,885,897
2,794,000
1,906,000
1,140,000

45,248,054
44,636,894
43,840,106
41,593.304
39,474,094

----------------------------

32,591,588

-------------------

-------------------

26,646,674

------------------;--

-------------------

15,239,146

----------

----------

11 ,608 ,510
8,186,439
4,903,225
1,847,235

Hydro

Total

214

213

1,086,708
1,061,941
1,052,603
1,042,450
988,777

215

12,756,886
12,876.664
12,588,603
12,184,237
11 ,589 ,809

980,101
1,109,959
1,107,527
1,105,000
1,095,000

27,774,957
27,008,613
26,066,106
24,762,910
24,441,077

928,195 11,035,462
850,164 10,575,449
768,827 9,381,000
681,438 - 8,750,000
603,327 8,500,000

1,080,000
1,071.000
1,025,000
1,010,000
1,000,000

34,435,768 9,398,662
34,118,741
9,344,933
34,586,688 9,333,695
34,386,739 - 9,257,651
33,698,256 9,090,613

24,470,821
24,253,061
24,759,185
24,645,949
24,161,890

566,285 ----------- ----------520.747 ----------- ----------493,808 ----------- ----------483,139 8,462,500 1,000,000


445,753 ----- ------ -----------

32,384,363
29,839,459
27,804,576
25,079,025
23,386,194

8,585,164
7,813,448
7,702,433
6,802,351
6,405,462

23,385,522
21,703,992
19,789,664
18,077,937
16,792,031

413.677 ----------- ----------322,019 ----------- ----------312,479 ----------- ----------198,737 9,495,000 1,125,000


188,701 ----------- -----------

21,472 ,077
17,680,743
15,642,537
14,191,922
13,518,734

5,921,965 15,368,252
5,023,872 12,534,567
4,507,020 11 ,025 ,811
4,128,476 9,965,384
3,901,661
9,526,573

12,713,608
8,994,407
5,165,439
2,709,22,)
1,212,235

3,703,531.
2,785,897
1,6.94,000
906,000
290,000

181,860
122,304
109,706
98,062
90,500

8,919,727
6,128,510
3,395,439
1,765,225
914,235

90,350
80,000
76,000
38,000
8,000-

216

11 ,135,451
11 ,096,087
10.825.525
10,424,737
9,874,809

641,334
670,618
655,551
654,500
620,000

9,362.962
592,500
8,923,337
581,112
8.306,000
7,740,000
7,500,000

-----------

-----------

6,275,700

1,100,000

---------------- ---

---------7,462,500
_.. -----------------

----------

-ii~376~ooii

----------

--------- _.. _---------------5,175,700


- --- -------------5,400,000

----------- --------------------.- -----------

----------- --------------------- ----- -----6,500,000 1,100,000


5,815,000
4,100,000
1,775,000

Internal
combustion

Steam

1,100,000
1,000,000
850,000

4.715,000
3,100,000
925,000

1 Includes electric railroads and railways. Does not include capacity of non utility plants of less than 100 kw or of plants in hotels, apartment houses, office
buildings or other commercial establishments.

Series G 217-224.-POWER-INSTALLED GENERATING CAPACITY, BY CLASS OF OWNERSHIP:


1902 TO 1945
r In kilowatts 1
ELECTRIC UTILITIES

Total
utility and
industrial

Total
utilities

Privately
owned

Total

Municipal

Federal

217

218

219

220

221

222

223

224

1945 ___________________________________________
1944- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1943___ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ __ __ __ _ _ _
1942 ____________________________ "________ ______
194L _____________________ _ __ _ _ __ ____ _________

62,867,814
62,065,736
60,539,370
57,237,187
53,995,245

50,110,928
49,189,072
47,950,767
45,052,950
42,405,436

40,307,179
39,732,753
39,127,827
37,441,750
36,041,274

9,803,749
9,456,319
8,822,940
7,611 ,200
6,364,162

3,586,284
3,446,690
3,418,978
3,330,770
3,158,485

5,081,172
4,886,032
4,321,857
3,216,357
2,370,817

1,136,293
1,123,597
1,082,105
1,064,073
834,860

12,756,886
12,876,664
12,588,603
12,184,237
11,589,809

1940________ __ ________ ___ _ _ ___ _ ___ ___ _____ _____


1939 __________________________________________ :
1938____ __ _____ _ ___ _ __ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ ______ __ ___ ____
1937 ____________________________________ . _ _ ____
1936 ___________________________________________

50,962,343
49,438,165
46,873,095
44,370,011
43,581,569

39,926,881
38,862,716
37,492,095
35,620,011
35,081,569

34,398,576
33,907,963
33,246,341
31,958,043
31,786,653

5,528,305
4,954,753
4,245,754
3,661,968
3,294,916

2,976,728
2,806,852
2,631,018
2,476,429
2,163,856

1,944,000
1,650,325
1,156,080
832,530
803,613

607,577
497,576
458,656
353,009
327,447

11 ,035,462
10,575,449
9,381,000
8,750,000
8,500,000

1935 _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _
1934 _______________________________________________________
1933____ __ _ __ _ __ __ ___ __ _ __ _ ___ __ __ _________ _ ___ ____________
1932 _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42,849,239
1931 _______________________________________________________

34,435,768
34,118,741
34,586,688
34,386,739
33,698,256

31,820,357
31,547,337
32,162,935
32,033,125
31,498,435

2,615,411
2,571 ,404
2,423,753
2,353,614
2,199,821

2,001,637
1,962,969
1,879,133
1,827,614
1,695,721

299,641
287,777
232,297
232,110
230,710

314,133 -----------320,658 -----------312,323 -----------293,890


8,462,500
273 ,390 ------------

1930 _____________________________ c____ ____ _____ _____ _______


1929_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ ___ _ _ _ ___ ___ __ __ _ ___ _
1928 _______________________________________________________
1927 ___________________________________________ .34,574,025
1926 _______________________________________________________

32,384,363
29,839,459
27,804,576
25,079,025
23,386,194

30,285,252
27,952,571
25,990,445
23,417,863
21,818,983

2,099,111
1,886,888
1,814,131
1,661,162
1,567,211

1,600,706
1,424,082
1,346,525
1,209,783
1,203,972

226,390
213,900
213,100
208,800
205,600

272,015 -----------248,906 -----------254,506


242,579 --9~495:oiio157,639 ------------

1925_ __ ____ __ __ ___ _ _______ _ ___ __ __ ________ _ ____ _ __ _________


1924 _______________________________________________________
1923 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1922 ____________________________-_______________ 20,467,622
192L ______________________________________________________

21,472,077
17,680,743
15, 642 , 537
14,191,922
13,518,734

20,044,597
16,739,732
14,787,086
13,418,505
12,796,859

1,427,480
941,011
855,451
773,417
721,875

1,125,386
824,272
751,994
685,279
634,102

197,775
13,865
13,865
10,456
10,456

104,319
102,874
89,592
77,682
77,317

1920 _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12,713,608
1911-_____________ _____________________________ 15,494,407
8,994,407
1912____ ____ ________ _ ___ _ __ _____ _ _____ ___ _ __ __ _ 10,980,439
5,165,439
1907 ____ _______________ ________ _ _____ ____ ___ _ __
6,809,225
2,709,225
1902_ ________________ _________ ___ ____ __ __ _ ___ _ _ 2,987,235
1,212,23.5

12,022,329
8,411 ,944
4,768,762
2,500,209
1,098,855

691,279
582,463
396,677
209,016
113,380

YEAR

I Includes electric railroads and railways. Does not indude capacity of nonutility plants of less than 100 kw or of plants in hotels, apartment houses, office
buildings or other commercial establishments.

158

Industrial
establishments 1

Publicly owned
Other

601,232
10,090
79,957
2582,463 ------------ -----------2396,677 ------------ -----------2209,016 ------------ -----------2 113,380
------------ ------------

Municipal class assumed to comprise total publicly owned group.

-----------------------

-----------6,275,700

----------------------6,500,000
5,815,000
4,100,000
1,775,000

Data: G 225-233

POWER

Series G 225-233.-POWER-ELECTRIC UTILITIES, SALES TO ULTIMATE CONSUMERS:


1902 TO 1945
ULTIMATE CONSUMERS 1
YEAR

COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL CONSUMERS

RESIDENTIAL CONSUMERS

Number,
December 31

Kilowatt-hours
(thousands)

Revenues
(dollars)

Number,
December 31

Kilowa tt-hours
(thousands)

225

226

227

228

229

Revenues
(dollars)

Number,
December 31

Kilowatt-hours
(thousands)

Revenues
(doilars)

230

231

232

233

-----

1945 __________
1944 __________
1943 __________
1942 __________
1941- _________

34,031,1)73
33,048,392
32,396,300
32,210,440
31,607,371

193,558,015
198,160,611
185,889,261
159,407,704
140,060,159

3,341,518,400
3,276,751,400
3 ,077 ..642 ,900
2,855,843,000
2,665,057,000

28,116,998
27,371 ,260
26,872,639
26,620,456
26,025,513

34,183,915
31,266,439
28,621,403
26,936,773
25,123,900

1,167,356,000
1,097,725,500
1,029,259,700
990,185,300
938 ,228 ,600

4,560,522
4,415,047
4,314,838
4,369,385
4,472,653

137,928,373
145,024,604
134,849,298
115,611 ,617
100,688,521

1,852,170,100
1,860,747,200
1,737,869,200
1,595,596,700
1,483,200,100

1940 __________
1939 __________
1938 __________
1937 __________
1936 __________

30,191,001
29,105,306
28,063,710
27,262,319
26,205,879

118,643,297
105,767,509
93,731,327
99,358,791
90,044,265

2,440,217,500
2,289,582,600
2,156,579,500
2,160,797,500
2,044,586,900

24,951,906
23,965,035
23 ,nl, 762
22,372,385
21,754,153

23,317,569
21,083,507
19,371 ,156
17,690,741
15,659,181

895,951,400
843,157,600
802,532,100
759,824,200
730 ,999 ,300

4,438,160
4,399,553
4;319,079
4,268,895
4,105,313

81,930,003
71 ,830,376
62,277,019
69,434,154
64,266,855

1,320,681,000
1 ,233,342 ,300
1,150,784,900
1,199,635,100
1 ,143 ,270 ,900

1935 __________
1934 __________
1933 __________
1932 __________
193L _________

25,312,802
24,662,828
24,027,153
23,877,741
24,489,770

77,596,025
71 ,081 ,598
65,915,703
63,710,792
71,901,882

1,911 ,988,900
1,831,870,500
1,754,566,100
1,813,717,100
1,975,944,500

21,018,952
20,400,211
19,808,356
19,643,326
20,151,247

13,977,920
12,658,180
11,747,355
11 ,875 ,166
11,737,924

700,358,300
674,826,500
648,839,000
665,633,600
678,611 ,300

4,OU,363
3,993,946
3,955,424
3,974,498
4,072,273

54,452,769
49,221,042
45,446,163
43,070,229
50,481,231

1,050,319,700
989,871 ,900
940 , 170 ,000
975,417,700
1,109,252,600

1930 __________
1929 __________
1928 __________
1927 __________
1926 _______ ~ __

24,555,732
24,150,183
23,155,252
21,786,212
20,295,458

74,906,092
75,294,467
66,987,950
61,251,119
56,089,370

1,990,955,100
1 ,938 , 520 ,20O
1,784,309,100
1,661,032,000
1,520,159,000

20,331,551
19,965,154
19,087,882
17,950,934
16,706,621

11 ,018 ,072
9,772,788
8,618,884
7,675,970
6,827,305

664,441 ,200
618 ,798 ,800
571,619,800
523 ,688 ,800
478,181,800

3,972,390
3,962,163
3,868,804
3,668,767
3,437,362

54,091,732
56,077,102
49,407,386
45,305,801
41,477,443

1 ,142 ,065 ,800


1,146,679,300
1,049,130,900
986,624 ,000
903,594,400

1925 __________
1924 __________
1923 __________
1922_. ________
1921- _________

18,472,146
16,768,509
15,350,2QO
13,655,600
12,580,100

50,460,570
45,205,305
42,299,508
35,883,332
30,874,374

1,377,573,600
1,238,625,400
1,158,005,000
993,975,300
875,356,800

15,123,304
13,438,929
12,440,000
10,907,000
10,180,000

6,020,000
5,079,90Q
4,579,900
3,915,600
3,532,400

439,460,000
369,752,900
331,852,800
290 ,671 ,300
261,048,800

3,238,769
3,221,799
2,701,941
2,470,312
2,245,000

37,900,000
33,720,000
31,640,000
26,264,000
22,568,000

833 ,820 ,000


758,975,500
721,395,600
601,435,600
531,625,000

1920 __________
1917 __________
1912 __________
1907 __________
1902 __________

11 ,634 ,400
7,889,000
4,264,000
2,164,000
650,000

32,536,410
21,490,000
9,833,600
5,160,000
2,200,000

914,273 ,500
629,610,000
293,010,000
175,250,000
86,500,000

9,410,000
6,460,000
3,500,000

3,190,000
1,731,300
910,000
---------------------------

237 ,655 ,000


130,193,800
82,810,000

2,100,000
1,350,000
720,000

24,130,000
15,359,000
6,250,Qt}0

676 ,620 ,000


407,020 , 000
159 ,400,000
--------------

- ----.-- -- ------------------

---------------------------

------~-------

------------ --

--------------,----------

-_.

--------------

1 Includes rural under distinct rural rates, street and highway lighting, other public authorities, railways and railroads, and interdepartmental, as well. as residential,
commercial, and industrial consumers. Federal Power CommIssion data for 1945 shows customers, 34,330,464; kilowatt-hours (thousands), 196,437,748; and revenues,
$3,354,463,572. Differences attributable primarily to coverage of publicly-owned systems.

159

Chapter H. Construction and Housing (Series H 1-135)


Construction: Series H 1-80

private nonfarm residential building are derived directly from


estimates of construction cost of new private nonfarm dwelling
CONSTRUCTION EXPENDITURES (H 1-39)
units (included in series H 46). For 1941-1945, the estimated conH 1-25. General note. Construction expenditures, estimated struction cost for the units started each month is distributed acdollar volume, 1915-1945. SOURCE: Bureau of Foreign and Do- cording to a percentage pattern over the months during which
mestic Commerce, Industry Report on Construction and Construction actual construction work is estimated to occur, and then the disM ate1"ials, Statistical Supplement, "Construction Volume & Costs, tributed cost figures are totalled for each month. Estimates of
1915-1947," May 1948. For 1939-1945, the estimates were de- construction time and the monthly pattern of expenditures outlay
veloped jointly by the Department of Commerce and the Depart- on residential building are made on the basis of the most recent
ment of Labor. For 1920-1938, the estimates of private residential. field information abo~t the average construction period and the
building (excluding farm) were compiled by the Department of extent of labor utilization each month on residential projects.
For 1921-1940, when monthly starts and construction cost data
Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. All other estimates for the
period 1915-1938 were compiled by the Department of Commerce, were not available, expenditures for residential building were deBureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Construction Divi- rived from annual figures on construction costs, with only slight
sion. Detailed current estimates of construction volume appear adjustment to include expenditures for units started before the
monthly in the Industry Report on Construction and Construction beginning of the calendar year and to exclude expenditures for
Materials, published by the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic units started near the end of the year and not completed within
Commerce and in Construction issued by the Department of Labor. the year. The 1915-1920 estimates are projected back from the
These estimates represent the current value of construction 1921-1922 average by using link telatives indicated by year-towork put in place during the year, including the value and cost of year changes in the value of residential building contracts awarded
installation of equipment which is an integral part of a structure, as reported by F. W. Dodge Corporation. For a series beginning in
but excluding costs for machinery and land. Since they are based 1900, see series H 47.
upon work performed during the year, these estimates differ from
H 5-8. New private nonresidential building, 1915-1945. SOURCE:
building permit and contract award data which are indicative of See general note for series H 1-25. Basic source is the record of
the value of work started. (The value of work started represents the contracts awarded as published by F. W. Dodge Corporation of
total estimated costs of projects begun in a given period. The New York, N. Y. (See text for series H 51-57.) Separate estimates
value of work put in place represents the estimated expenditures were made for each of the following types of new private nonresion labor, materials, and overhead in a given period for projects, dential buildings: Industrial; warehouses, office and loft buildings;
or parts thereof, on which construction work was in progress during stores, restaurants, and garages; religious; educational; hotels;
the period, whether such projects were begun in a prior period or . social and recreational; hospital and institutional; and miscelcurrently.)
laneous. The estimates of construction activity were derived by
The source pUblication comments as follows on the reliability of adjustment of the contract data for geographic and other underthese data: "With minor exceptions, the data ... are estimates coverage, rescissions and duplication of construction reported by
. . . based on the best available primary data, adjusted as nec- public utilities, and by conversion to a work put in place basis.
essary to approximate a complete and comprehensive measure of
H 9. Farm construction, 1915-1945. SOURCE: See general note
over-all construction activity.
for series H 1-25. Annual estimates of farm construction and main"The reliability of the estimates cannot be measured in mathe- tenance were made by the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Dematical terms. In general, however, it seems probable that the partment of Agriculture, and were first published in the Departyear-to-year changes in the figures for new construction are gen- ment of Agriculture study, Income Parity for Agriculture, part II,
erally correct as to direction and at least approximately correct as section 5, March 1941. Separate estimates were prepared for operto order of magnitude. The absolute level of the series is likely to ators' dwellings and for service buildings, which correspond rebe less exact than the year-to-year changes ....
spectively to residential and nonresidential building. Since the
"The figures for federally financed public construction and the source -estimates include both new construction and maintenance,
annual figures for most of the privately financed public utility con- a break between the two has been computed by the Department of
struction would appear to be the most reliable portions of the Commerce on the basis of estimates of farm consumption of lumber
estimates. The least reliable figures are those for maintenance and as prepared by the Forest Service, Department of Agriculture.
repair of nonfarm buildings, both residential and nonresidential, Data shown here do not include maintenance.
and the farm construction figures."
H 10. Railroads, including local transit, 1915-1945. SOURCE:
Following is a summary of the sources and methods developed See general note for series H 1-25. For 1922-1945, the annual
and used in compiling the estimates for the chief types of con- volumes of the Statistics of Railways in the United States, Interstate
struction. The emphasis is chiefly on current procedures, but the Commerce Commission, and the annual Review of Railway Operearlier sources and methods have been indicated briefly.
ations, Bureau of Railway Economics, Association of American
H 1-3. Total, total new, and total new private construction, Railroads,'provided the gross capital expenditures of Class I rail1915-1945. SOURCE: See general note, series H 1-25, and detailed roads for road and structure. Estimates of construction expendilistings below. Series H 1 represents summation of series H 2, 24, tures of all railroads were optained by the upward adjustment of
and 25; series H 2 represents summation of series H 3 and H 13; the data for Class I railroads on the basis of the total investment
in road and structure of Class I railroads and of all railroads. The
series H 3 represents summation of series H 4-5 and H 9-12.
H 4. New private residential construction (excluding farm), estimates for 1915-1921 are based on extrapolation of expenditures
1915-1945. SOURCE: See general note for series H 1-25. See also, data on the basis of miles of new track added.
Annual data on capital and maintenance expenditures of the
for general reference, Housing and Home Finance Agency, Housing
Statistics Handbook; 1948. Estimates of the dollar volume of new transit industry for 1922-1945 were obtained from the Transit
160

CONSTRUCTION

Text: H 10-25

Fact Book published by the American Transit Association. The United States Navy Department. Expenditures of the Navy for
association made available data on the expenditures of munici- 1937-1939-and the War Department for 1915-1939 are based upon
pally owned transit companies, so that by subtraction the expen- expenditures shown in the Budget of the United States Government.
ditures of the privately owned companies were obtained. The
H20. Highways, roads and streets, 1915-1945. SOURCE: See
estimates for 1915-1921 are based on extrapolation of expendi- general note for series H 1-25. For 1921-1945, construction estiture data on the basis o~miles of track added or rebuilt.
mates for State acL.-ninistered highways are based on annual reports
H 11. Electric light and power, gas, and pipe lines, 1915-:1945. of the Bureau of Public Roads, and are adjusted to include exSOURCE: See general note for series H 1-25, above. For 1937-1945, penditures by county, municipal, and other local bodies~ The adannual additions to electric plants have been reported to the justments are based upon ratios developed from the analysis of
Federal Power Commission. The data were adjusted to include total highway construction and State highway construction. Estismall companies not reporting and to allow for work in progress mates from 1915 to 1919 are derived from the 1920 Department of
and existing property purchased. For 1921-1936, data from the Agriculture Yearbook. The 1920 estimates are obtained by straightEdison Electric Institute were used. The estimates for1915-1920 line interpolation.
H 21. Sewage disposal and water supply systems, 1915-1945.
are based on an estimated year-by-year distribution of the 5-year
increments in plant and equipment derived from data reported in SOURCE: See general note for series H 1-25. For 1915-1942, conthe Census of Electrical Industries, Bureau of the Census, for struction estimates are based upon data published annually in
1912, 1917, and 1922.
Financial Statistics of Cities, Bureau of Census. Using the expendiThe American Gas Association has published annual data, 1929- ture patterns of the city size groups reporting, expenditure ratios
1945, on construction expenditures for both the manufactured were derived for the smaller municipalities and rural incorporated
and the natural gas utility industries. The reported data were ad- areas. For 1943~1945, estimates are based upon contracts awarded
justed to eliminate equipment expenditures. For 1915-1928, esti- as reported by F. W. Dodge Corp. (see text for series H 15-18) with
mates were obtained by extrapolation on the basis of year-to-year adjustments for undercoverage.
changes in the fixed capital accounts of 50 large companies.
H 22. Conservation and development, 1915-1945. SOURCE: See
Capital expenditures on pipe lines for 1919-1945 were obtained general note for series H 1-25. For 1915-1942. expenditures for
from the reports filed with the Interstate Commerce Commission. recla.mation, improvement of rivers and harbors, and flood control
Adjustment was made for the purchase of existing lines and for work are derived from annual reports of the Army Chief of Enexpenditures by companies not required to file information With gineers and the Commissioner of Reclamation. The fiscal-year
the Commission. Only a rough estimate by the Construction basis of the reports are converted to calendar year by taking oneD!vision, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, is available half of the figure for each fiscal year included within that calendar
year. For 1943-1945, estimates are based upon project reports
for 1915-1918.
furnished by the Corps of Engineers and the Bureau of ReclamaH 12. Telephone and telegraph, 1915-1945. SOURCE: See general
note for series H 1-25. Estimated construction expenditures of the tion. Tennessee Valley Authority expenditures are available in
telephone industry for 1915-1945 were obtained from the American annual reports by the Authority. Bureau of Indian Affairs, Forest
Telephone and Telegraph Co. Construction expenditures of the Service, National Park Service and Soil Conservation Service extelegraph industry were derived from capital expenditures re- penditures are derived from special tabulations prepared by those
ported by the Western Union Telegraph Co. for 1927-1945 and by agencies, and from the Budget of the United States Government.
H 23. Other public construction, 1915-1945. SOURCE: See general
the Postal Telegraph and Cable Co. for 1919-1943. Extrapolation
back to 1915 was made on the basis of annual increments in the note for series H 1-25. Construction expenditures of all Federal
agencies not discussed above are derived from the Budget of the
value of plant and equipment.
United States Government. Outlays for municipal public service enH 13. Total new public construction, 1915-1945. SOURCE: See
general note, series H 1-25. These data represent summation of terprises are obtained directly from the municipality or estimated
on the basis of information reported in Financial Statistics of Cities,
series H 14-15, 19-23.
H 14. Public residential construction, 1918-1919, 1934-1945.
Bureau of Census. Current miscellaneous nonFederal public conSOURCE: See general note for series H 1-25. For 1939-1945, public struction estimates are derived primarily from reports of contracts
residential construction estimates have been based upon regular awarded, compiled by the F. W. Dodge Corp., and from the Engiprogress reports issued by the Federal Public Housing Authority neering' News-Record and other publications reporting contract
and other public housing agencies listing the value of work put in awards.
H 24. Work relief, 1933-1943. SQURCE: See general note for
place for individual projects. Adjustments were made to cover
funds contributed to the Federal projects by local agencies. Ex- series H 1-25. From the total relief expenditures as given in annual
penditures by the United States Housing Corporation for 1918- reports of the Federal Work Projects Administration, deductions
1919, and by the Pu1>lic Works Administration, Resettlement Ad- were made for nonconstrilction expenditures, and for expenditures
ministration and Alley Dwelling Authority from 1934, were com- included under other categories of construction. Approximately
half of the expenditures reported for public buildings and housing,
piled from the annual reports of these agencies.
H 15-18. Public nonresidential building, 1915-1945. SOURCE: and a third of the expenditures for public recreation facilities, were
See general note for series H 1-25. Estimates through 1941 are included in the estimates of new public nonresidential building;
based on the F. W. Dodge Corp. reports of contracts awarded for these amounts were excluded from the work-relief figures. For conpublic buildings. These reports are published in the Dodge Statisti- servation work, work-relief figures include only the amounts excal Research Service, "Construction Contracts Awarded," New . pended for irrigation and water conservation. They also include
York, N. Y. From 1942 on, estimates were basedon specially pre- all work-relief expenditures for highways, roads, streets, etc.,
pared construction progress reports furnished by Federal agencies, electric utilities" water and sewage systems, and transportation
supplemented by contract award reports of the F. W. Dodge Corp. systems.
H 25. Maintenance and repairs, 1915-1945. SOURCE: See general
See also text for series H 51-57.
H 19. Military and naval facilities, 1915-1945~ SOURCE: See not~ for series H 1-25. Residential maintenance for nonfarm ownergeneral note for series H 1-25. For 1940-1945, construction ex- occupied dwelling units is largely estimated on the basis of conpenditures of the War and Navy Departments are based upon sumer expenditure surveys for 1935-1936 and 1941 by the Bureau
engineers' progress reports issued by these agencies. Navy De- of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor, and the Bureaus of
partment construction expenditures for 1915-1936 were derived Home Economics and Agricultural Economics, Department of
from special tabulations of the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts, Agriculture. Extrapolation throughout 1915-1940 was made on the

161

Text: H 25-40

CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING

basis of variations in income per.. family, and since 1940 on .the


H 36--39. Construction expenditures, estimates for new conbasis of retail sales of building materials.
struction, 1869--1938 (by decades). SOURCE: Kuznets, Simon, NaResidential maintenance for nonfarm tenant-occupied dwelling tional Product Since 1869, National Bureau of Economic Reunits was largely estimated on the basis of surveys for 1939-1943 search, 1946, p. 99. Series H 36-37 is based on estimated conmade by the Office of Price Administration in connection. with sumption of construction materials and its calculated relationship
rent control, and consumer purchases studies for 1935-1936 and to new construction, whereas series H 38-39 is based on various
1941 by the Bureau of Home Economics and the Bureau of Agri- Department of Commerce estimates derived from building permit,
cultural Economics, Department of Agriculture. Extrapolation construction contract, and other data; the estimates of the latter
throughout 1915-1940 was made on the basis of income per series have been superseded by revised estimates presented in
family, and since 1940 on the basis of results of surveys of rental series H 1-25.
housing made by the Office of Price Administration.
, H 36-37. New construction expenditures, based on materials
Residential maintenance for vacant dwelling units not for sale output, 1869-1938 (by decades). SOURCE: See note, series H 36-39,
or rent was considered to move in the same way as that for owner- above. While estimates of construction expenditures based upon
occupied units, while maintenance for units vacant for sale or rent more direct measures of construction activity will generally be prewas considered to move in the same way as that for tenant-occupied ferred, estimates derived from the output of construction materials
units.
may be carried back through a considerasle period. These estiFor further discussion of nonfarm residential maintenance see: mates are derived from data on the output of construction mate:dals
Stephan, Frieda J., and Palmer, J. Joseph, The Pattern of Expen- destined for domestic consumption as prepared by William H.
ditures for Nonfarm Residential Repair and Maintenance, Eco- Shaw for the years 1869, 1879, and 1889-1938 (see series H 49 and
nomic Series No. 55, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, H 50). Interpolation between the census years 1869, 1879, and 1889
Department of Commerce, 1946.
was made on the basis of sample data. The output value figure was
Nonresidential building maintenance was estimated on the increased to cover transportation and distribution costs by the
basis of the application of maintenance ratios to the total value of use of a factor 1.4576, based on 1929 data. A relatively small adnonresidential properties using the estimate of such total value justment f0r inventory changes was made after which a measure
made by the Federal Trade Commission for 1922 and using rough of total new construction was obtained by the use of a factor
estimates for other years. After 1938, the 1938 total value estimate 1.4Q36, based on the 1919-1933 relation between new construction
was used, conversion to current values being made on the basis of and the cost of materials consumed. The computations were in
the wholesale price index for building materials prepared by the terms of values expressed in constant prices, so to obtain values in
current prices, a construction cost in<;lex based on a weighted
Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor.
average
of building materials prices and building wage rates was
Other maintenance has been estimated from the same sources
as was new construction. See text for series H 9-12 and H 15-23. used (see Kuznets; National Product Since 1869, p. 216).
H38-39~ New construction expenditures, based on building
H 26. Total new construction, 1939 prices, 1915-1945. SOURCE:
Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Industry Report on permit, contract, and other data, 1909--1938 (by decades). SOURCE:
Construction and Construction Materials, Statistical Supplement, See note, series H 36-39, above. For purposes of comparison with
May 1948. Measurementof construction activity in constant prices the more direct measure of new construction activity, the averages
is an indirect way of approximating changes in the physical volume of annual estimates of the latter type are given for overlapping
of construction. The present estimates are based on a deflation of decades for 1914-1938, the figures being based on estimates by the
each type of construction by an appropriate construction cost Construction Division, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Comindex, a procedure required by the almost complete lack of direct merce, Department of Commerce, made somewhat earlier than
measures of physical volume comparable over time, and by the the estimates given in series H 1-25.
lack of a single construction cost index applicable to total new
DWELLING UNITS STARTED AND DEMOLISHED (H 40-48)
construction.
H 40--47. General note. Dwelling units started in nonfarm areas:
A discussion of the cost indexes used for each type of construc- Number, cost, and value, 1900--1945. SOURCES: Number of new
tion is found in the Industry Report on Construction and Construc- units started: For 1900-1919, see The Twentieth Century Fund,
tion Materials, September 1946, pages 35-40, Bureau of Foreign American Housing, 1944, p. 364, which also gives figures through
and Domestic Commerce. The Statistical Supplement to the May 1941; for 1920-1929, see Wickens, David L., and Foster, Ray R.,
1948 issue of the same pUblication contains a classification by types
Nonfarm Residential Construction, 1920-1936, National Bureau of
of construction.
Economic Research, Bulletin 65, 1937; for 1930-1943, see Bureau
H 27-32. Federal expenditures for public works, 1791-1919. of Labor Statistics, The Construction Industry in the United States,
SOURCE: Compiled by Department of Treasury from Treasury Bulletin No. 786, which gives figures for 1920-1943; for 1944records and statements at the request of the Federal Works Agen- 1945, see Bureau of Labor Statistics, monthly releases. Data for
cy. These data comprise construction and repair as defined in the construction cost of new units (series H 46) were provided by the
l).ote for series H 33--35.
Bureau of Labor Statistics; see also Housing and Home Finance
H 33--35. Expenditures for public works by permanent federal Agency, Housing Statistics Handbook, 1948, table 14, p. 17. For
construction agencies, 1920--1939. SOURCE: Federal Works Agen- total value of new nonfarm residential construction, see detailed
cy. These data comprise expenditures from regular appropriations; listing for series H 47.
emergency funds, and in three instances (Inland Waterways
The Bureau of Labor Statistics' estimates of new dwelling units
Corporation, Panama Railroad Co., and Panama Railroad Steam- started and of the construction cost of new units are based priship Line) expenditures from corporation revenue. The infor- marily on reports of local building permits issued. (For indexes of
mation was obtained by special questionnaires to the various building permits issued, see series H 74-79.) A permit to build is
Federal agencies. In the instructions "construction" was defined required in practically all urban and in many rural-nonfarm places.
to comprise the erection of any new structural or nonstructural The size and the builder's estimate of the cost of the proposed
improvement to land, ships and floating equipment, additions to structure are usually recorded on these permits, thereby providing
and complete replacement of existing works. "Repair" comprises an indication of the volume of building to be carried on in the
work necessary for the restoration and preservation of structures, locality. The Bureau of Labor Statistics began collecting sumnonstructural improvements to maintain land and floating equip- maries of building-permit records in 1920. During that year, inment in a sound and serviceable condition, and minor alterations. formation was collected from 207 cities having a population of

162

CONSTRUCTION

Text: H 4()-57

35,000 or over. The Bureau now (1947) receives summaries of


H 47. Expenditures for new nonfarm residential construction,
building-permit records from over 2,500 cities, 1,700 rural incor- 1900-1918. SOURCE: Chawner, Lowell J., Residential' Building,
porated places and about 350 unincorporated areas, that is, from Housing Monograph Series No.1, National Resources Committee,
1939, p. 13, table V. These data are intended to supplement series
practically every place that requires a permit to build.
The dwelling units covered in this series are housekeeping units H 4 and H 14, which covers the period 1915-1945. The present
in new structures. Units provided by conversion of existing struc- series originally covered the period 1900-1937, but the figures for
tures at the original site, or nonhousekeeping units such as those the later years have been superseq.ed by those in series H 4 and
in dormitories, barracks, rooming houses, or hotels are excluded. H 14. The method of estimation is described in part in Chawner,
H 40. Total new dwelling units started in nonfarm areas, 1900- Lowell J., Construction Activity in the United States, 1915-1937,
1945. SOURCE: See general note for series H 40-47, above. Figures Domestic Commerce Series No. 99, Bureau of Foreign and Doshown here for 1910-1919 are estimates of the Twentieth Cent- mestic Commerce, Department of Commerce, 1938, pp. 9-10 and
ury Fund and differ considerably from Bureau of Labor Statis- 38-45. The volume of public residential construction, reported
tics estimates for the same period; the BLS estimates appear in for 1918 only, was compiled directly from the reported expendiBulletin 786 mentioned in the text for series H 40-47. The Fund tures of the public agencies concerned. Private residential conestimates were used here because, in addition to presenting the struction was estimated on the basis of contract award data as
total of new dwelling units started, the total data are shown in reported by the F. W. Dodge Corporation, building permits in
detail for urban and rural dwellings started and for construction representative cities, the estimated number of new dwelling units
added each year, construction cost indexes,and other information.
cost of new units.
H 48. Number of nonfarm dwelling units demolished per decade,
H 41. New urban units started, 1900-1945. SOURCE: See general
1890-1939.
SOURCE: 1890-1929, Wickens, David L., Residential
note for series H 40-47, above. The term urban is applied to all
incorporated places with a popUlation of 2,500 or more in 1940, Real Estate, National Bureau of Economic Rese'arch, 1941, p. 54;
and, by special rule, to a small number of unincorporated civil 1930-1939, Naigles, M. H., "Housing and the Increase in Popudivisions. To derive the urban estimate, the cities reporting build- lation," Monthly Labor Review, April 1942, p. 880. The figures for
ing-permit data to the Bureau of Labor Statistics are arrayed by 1900-1939 appear in The Twentieth Century Fund, American
Housing, 1944, p. 410. The estimates include not only voluntary
State, population size group and whether inside or outside a metbut also demolitions and losses resulting from fire,
demolitions
ropolitan district; the volume and value of residential building
during the month is summarized for each class of place. The esti- explosion, flood, windstorm, earthquake and other causes.
The estimates for 1930-1939 are based in part on demolition
mate for all urban areas in the country is prepared by applying to
the volume of housing reported for each type of place, the ratio permit reports to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Fire losses reof the total number of such places in the country to the number sulting in complete destruction of dwellings were estimated from
figures published by the National Board of Fire Underwriters.
reporting that month.
Also included were losses of dwe1lings during disasters, as reported
Figures for publicly financed urban units are based on actual
by the American Red Cross, undercoverage being assumed balenumerations rather than estimates. The number and location of
anced by overlapping Of the permit coverage.
publicly financed units started are reported to the Bureau monthly
The estimates for 1920-1929 are based on demolition permit
by the agencies awarding the contracts or performing the work,
data,
fire losses reported by the National Board of Fire Underand are added to the estimates for privately financed units to
writers, and allowance for losses due to floods, earthquakes, windobtain a total of all urban housing started during the month.
storms, and other causes. The proportion of reported fire losses
H 42. New rural-nonfarm housing started, 1900-1945. SOURCE:
assumed to represent total loss of dwellings was estimated on the
For 1920-1929, see Wickens and Foster, Nonfarm Residential basis of data for seven States for 1930.
Construction; for 1900-1919, see American Housing, p. 364. Also
The estimates for 1890-1919 are derived chiefly from fire loss
see discussion on p. 363, American Housing. See also note for series data for all types of property and extrapolation of the 1920-1929
H 40-47,above.
demolition permit data, assuming smaller rates of voluntary deRural-nonfarm housing covers all housing (except farm housing) molition prior to 1920.
in unincorporated areas and in incorporated places of less than
2,500 inhabitants. Thus, urban housing i~ classified by location
MATERIALS OUTPUT, CONTRACTS AWARDED, AND
(see text for series H 41, above), whereas rural-nonfarm and farm
CAPITAL OUTLAYS (H 49-63)
housing are classified according to the intended use of the structure.
H 49-50. Value of output of construction materials destined for
H 43-45. New dwelling units started, by type, 1920-1945. domestic consumption, 1869-1939. SOURCE: Shaw, William H. t ,
SOURCE: For 1920-1929, see Wickens, David L. and Foster, Ray Value of Commodity Output Since 1869, National Bureau of EconR., N onfarm Residential Construction, 1920-1936, National Bureau omic Research, 1947, pp. 64, 65, 69, 76, 77. The estimates are
of Economic Research, Bulletin 65,1937; for 1930-1943, see Bureau based upon a study of the successive Censuses of Manufactures
of Labor Statistics, The Construction Industry in the United States, and annual reports of the Bureau of Mines and the Department of
Bulletin No. 786; for 1944-1945, see Bureau of Labor Statistics, Agriculture, supplemented by State and other fragmentary data.
monthly releases. See also general note for series H 40-47 above. Imports were added and exports deducted to yield the output
H 46. Construction cost of new units, 1920-1945. SOURCE: See available for domestic use. Data on wholesale prices from various
general note for series H 40-47, above. Estimates of construction sources were used in order to develop a price index'with which to
cost are based on data from bUilding-permit reports, adjusted for convert current values into 1913 values.
The estimates are in terms of producers' values and do not al'nonreporting places and for the cost of building in non-permitissuing places. Starting with 1930, adjustments were made to com- low for transportation or distribution costs. No allowance is made
pensate for the understatement of construction cost inherent in for flow into or out of inventories held by producers, distributors,
permit valuations. In 1945 allowances were made for lapse in build- or consumers. Hence, the estimates are a measure of the amounts
ing permits and lag between permit issuance and start of con- available at the production level rather than the amounts actually
struction. Series H 4 and H 14 are derived directly from this series. consumed. No distinction is made between amounts destined for
(For indexes of building permits, see series H 74-79.)
consumption in new construction -and amounts destined for conConstruction cost includes the cost of labor, materials and sumption in repairs and maintenance.
subcontracted work and contractor's overhead and profit, but
H 51-57. Construction contracts awarded, 1925-1945. SOURCE:
excludes land and development costs,and speculative profits.
F. W, Dodge Corporation, New York, N. Y. Figures are published
163

Text: H 51-66

CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING

currently in considerably greater detail in Dodge Statistical ReAllowance was made for the wide variation in the dates of clossearch Service (monthly). See also Bureau of the Census, Statistical ing of the fiscal year, for changes in the area incorporated within
Abstract of the United States, 1946, p. 770, for figures in somewhat each city, for expenditures by divisions of government other than
greater detail than shown here.
the city corporation, and where possible for noncapital outlays
The present series of contract award data is prepared monthly included in the data. For the period 1933-1937, Federal work
by a staff of reporters throughout the 37 Eastern States who con- relief expenditures could not be entirely separated from municipal
tact owners, architects, engineers, contractors, financial institu- outlays.
The per capita outlay data (series H 63) are computed from the
tions, real estate brokers, and others able to supply reliable information on the awarding of construction contracts. Small projects, total outlay data for the 145 cities, using for 1900-1930 the sum of
especially noncontract construction, for example, work done by a the population estimates for the individual cities as published in
firm's own force, are less completely covered. The F. W. Dodge the Financial Statistics of Cities for each year. For 1931-1937, the
Corp. has provided the following descriptive statement for its population totals were estimated by interpolation on the basis of
the Census of Population for 1930 and 1940.
series after 1925:
Contract awarded statistics .compiled by F. W. Dodge
CONSTRUCTION COST AND BUILDING PERMIT INDEXES
Corp. are based upon project news reports gathered daily by
(H 64-79)
the corporation's field staff operating in the 37 States east of
the Rocky Mountains. The figures are factual since they conH
64-73.
Construction
cost
indexes, 1910-1945. SOURCE: Engitain no estimates beyond the range of the field coverage. The
annual
construction
costs number, April of
neering
News-Record,
figures include new construction, additions and alterations.
No maintenance work is included. No shipbuilding is included. each year, McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., N. Y., except H 71-72,
A negligible volume of farm building is included. Force-ac- for source of which see text of individual series. Text for individual
count work is generally included, except when executed with
mass-purchased materials not earmarked for specific projects series show primary sources whenever possible. Data shown here
at time of purchase. Generally speaking, the figures are con- for series H 66 (Boeckh) and H 68-69 (Handy) are heretofore un,:"
sidered to be more nearly comprehensive in the field of non- published but are based on the data which appear in the Engiresidential buildings than in residential building. In the cate- neering News-Record. For additional explanation of these series
gory of residential buildings, coverage of multiple dwellings is and for construction cost indexes with the base 1939=100, see
considered to be reasonably complete for the territory; coverage of development projects of one- and two-family houses is Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Industry Report on
also reasonably complete; principal deficiency in coverage Construction and Construction Materials, Statistical Supplement,
is in one-family houses erected singly, particularly in low May 1948.
valuations and in small communities.
COilstruction cost indexes are useful in the conversion of conThe eleven Western States not covered are: Montana, Idaho, struction expenditure data from current prices to constant prices
Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, Wash- and in the study of cost trends. However, no single cost index is
ington, Oregon, and California. The District of Cohimbia is in- satisfactory for all types of construction, since, as the present
cluded in the covered area.
series indicate, the movements of cost differ for different types of
For monthly figures, 1925-1945 for 37 States, and 1910-1925 construction. A rough approach to a cost index for total new confor 27 States, see series App. 22, appendix 1.
struction may be obtained by dividing series H 2, total new
H 58--63. Capital outlays in 145 municipalities, 1900-1937. construction in current prices, by series H 26, total new con- "
.
SOURCE: Wolkind, Harold, Fluctuations in Capital Outlays of struction in 1939 prices.
Construction cost indexes generally are not fully adequate for
Municipalities, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Economic Series No. 10, 1941, pp. 8 and 11. The capital outlays of the making of cost comparisons over an extended period of time.
municipalities include the cost of land and other properties and Changes in the productivity of and the proportions used of the
public improvements more or less permanent in character, which various productive factors cannot be allowed for easily in the
are owned and used by municipalities in the exercise of their assignment of weights to labor, materials, and other cost items.
municipal functions or in connection with the business undertak- An aggregative index proportional to the total construction cost
ings conducted by them. These outlays embrace all payments for of a standardized project or a component part thereof, is not easily'
the purchase and improvement of land; the erection of new build- computed for most types of construction and suffers from the
ings; the installation and extension of water-supply systems, disadvantage of the pr.obable eventual obsoleteness of any adesewerage systems, electric light systems and other enterprises; quately specified standard proj ect. For further discussion of this
the purchase of apparatus for the fire and police departments; subject see: Chawner, Lowell J., "Construction Cost Indexes as
purchases for collections of libraries, museums, and art galleries; Influenced by Technological Changes and Other Factors," Journal
and all other acquisitions which add to the number and value of of the American Statistical Association, 1935, vol. 30, pp. 561-576.
the permanent possessions of the municipalities.
H 64. Engineering.News Record, construction cost index, 1913Expenditures which merely put an existing piece of property or 1945. Base: 1913=100. SOURCE: See text for series H 64-73, above.
equipment in a condition not better than its condition at the time The index is based on the aggregate cost of the following items:
of its original construction or acquisition are considered as repairs 2,500 pounds of structural steel at base price; 6 barrels of cement
at Chicago price; 1,088 board feet of lumber, 2/1x4", surfaced.;.onand so are excluded from capital outlays.
The acquisition by a municipality of privately owned facilities 4-sides pine and fir in carload lots, using a weighted average of
is customarily' included with other capital outlays of munici- prices in 20 cities; and 200 man hours of common labor, using a
palities although such expenditu,res do not result in additions to weighted average of wages in 20 cities. Prior to 1935, the lumber.
component was based on the New York wholesale price of 12"x12"
the total stock of such facilities within the community.
The present data are based on the outlay data compiled by the long leaf yellow pine.
H 65. Turner, building cost index for Eastern cities, 1913-1945.
Bureau of the Census and published for each year in the Financial
Statistics of Cities, which cover the years 1902-1937, and Depart- Base: 1913=100. SOURCE: See text for series H 64...:.73, above.
The index is based on the Turner Construction Co.'s building cost
ment of Labor reports covering the years 1900-1901.
For 1900-1901, the reports covered 124 cities; for 1920 the experience in Eastern cities as applied to materials prices, wage
coverage was 107 cities and for 1932-1937 the coverage was 83 rates, productivity of labor, efficiency of plant and management,
cities. The data for each of these years were increased to yield and competitive conditions.
H 66. Boeckh, residential construction cost index, 1910-1945.
estimated totals comparable to those for the full 145 cities covered
Base: 1926-1929=100. SOURCE: E. H. Boeckh and Associates.
in other years. No data were available for 1913, 1919, and 1921.

164

CONSTRUCTION

Text: H 66-74

Inc., Consulting Valuation Engineers, Cincinnati, Ohio (Statisti~al Expenses of Agricultural Production; see Section 5, "Expenditures
and Publications Office, Washington, D. C.). Figures on a monthly for and Depreciation of Permanent Improvements on Farms,
basis are shown in their monthly publication, Building Costs. 1910-1940," March 1941, table 7, p. 28. Data for 1941-1945 were
Monthly indexes are prepared for individual cities, by types of obtained from records of the Department of Agriculture. The farm
construction. Surveys are made of local construction cost condi- construction cost index for operators' dwellings (H 71) covers only
tions in each city to determine the materials prices actually paid farm operators' dwellings located on the farm operated. The index
by contractors to dealers, and the prevailing wage rates for skiiied for service buildings (H 72) covers barns and other buildings used
and for common labor. Some allowance is made for variations in in production, dwellings other than operators' dwellings, fences,
labor efficiency and labor shortages in some areas. Sales taxes, windmills, and wells. Excluded are roads, terraces, windbreaks,
social security taxes, and compensation insurance are included.
orchards, dams, ponds, irrigation and drainage works, and the like.
See also Housing and Home Finance Agency, Housing Statistics Because of lack of data, also excluded are value of materials and
labor furnished by the farm. Indexes of the prices of construction
Handbook, 1948, pp. 33-34.
The present annual index is derived from an unweighted average materials purchased and the wage rates of labor hired for conof the cost for frame and for brick residential construction in the struction were used. In the case of operators' dwellings (H 71), the
20 cities for which the Boeckh data are available. The base of the total weight assigned to materials was 73 percent and to labor 27
index is the United States average for 1926-1929, an average percent. In the case of service buildings (H 72), the weights were
derived from more than the 20 cities covered by the index.
78 percent for materials and 22 percent for labor. These weights
H 67. Railroad construction cost index, 191{)-1945. Base: 1910- were based on a survey made in 1936 and were assumed to be
1914= 100. SOURCE: Interstate Commerce Commission, Bureau of applicable throughout the period covered. While the wages paid
Valuation, Engineering Section, "Accounts 1-45, for ftoad," pub- by farmers for construction labor are higher than the wages paid
lished annually in Railroad Construction Indexes. This index refers for ordinary agricultural labor, it was assumed that wages for farm
to .the total road construction cost of Class I railroads. It is based construction labor have fluctuated more like the farm labor wage
on returns by carriers, joint studies made with various subcom- rates than like the urban union wage rates in the building trades.
H 73. American Appraisal Co., building cost index, 1913-1945.
mittees of President's Conference Committees, data from engineering and trade publications, contracts covering major con- Base: 1913=100. SOURCE: See text for series H 64-73, above. The
struction projects and other information furnished by carriers.
index covers 30 cities for 1925-1945 and 24 cities for 1913-1924,
H 68-69. Handy, public utility construction, cost indexes, 1911- and is based on the structural cost items used in four types of
1945. Base: 1911 = 100. SOURCE: See note for series H 64-73, above. buildings: All frame, brick with wood frame, brick with steel
Individual indexes for each of 81 cost elements affecting the cost frame, and reinforced concrete. Mechanicals, such as plumbing,
of public utility construction are compiled for each of five geo- heating, lighting, and elevators, are excluded. The index is calcugraphic regions as of January 1 and July 1 each year. The compilers lated from actual appraisal costs for each city, using normal averare Whitman, Requardt and Associates and B. L. Smith Associ- age materials prices, average wages and the market conditions of
ates, Baltimore, Md., for the Estate of William W. Handy. Se- the individual cities. Such extremes in costs as the following are
lected cost elements are combined to give cost indexes for various excluded: Premium prices, overtime wages for rush work, and cutmajor categories of utility construction, using weights based on throat price practices during depression periods. Allowance is
cost analysis experience, materials price data from Engineering made for such overhead costs as Social Security taxes and unemN ews-Record and I ron Age and from manufacturers, and wage ployment insurance.
H 74-79. Building permit indexes, 1856-1939. SOURCE: See derates reported by utility companies, trade unions, and building
associations. Indexes are published by major categories for each tailed listings for individual series below. While comprehensive
estimates of construction expenditures by types of construction,
of the five geographic regions.
.
The present cost indexes for the total construction and equip- such as presented in series H 1-25, will generally be preferred for
ment of gas plants (H 68) and for electric light and power plants most purposes, building permit data are available for a consider(H 69) are computed from unweighted averages of the five re- ably longer period. Permit values are based on the sum of estimates
gional indexes, with weights of 1, 2, and 1, respectively, assigned by builders of the costs of building for which permits are granted
to the initial, middle, and closing averages for each year. For 1916 or plans filed. Permit data generally cover private, rather than
and 1923, only initial and closing averages were available and for public, construction; building, rather thannonbuilding, types of
1921 a September 1 average replaced the mid-year average. There construction; and are generally limited to construction within the
were no data for 1922, so indexes for that year were obtained by corporate limits of the cities covered. On the average, the cost of
interpolation on the basis of movements in the Handy utility the projects covered is underestimated; small projects are generbuilding index. Beginning in 1934, when monthly reporting of ally not covered at all. Permit data are less frequently available
data commenced, the data for each month were released during for smaller cities and for earlier years. It follows that building
the same month, so such data were lagged 1 month, that is, taken permit data in unadjusted form are unsatisfactory as measures of
the total absolute volume of new construction. Permit data are
as applyin,g to the previous month.
H 70. Highway construction cost index, 1922-1945. Base: 1925- often more satisfactory when used in the form of relatives or in1929=100. SOURCE: Public Roads Administration, quarterly pub- dexes of permit values, as in the case of series H 77-79.
Indexes of the number of permits granted (series H 74-76) do
lication, Price Trends in Highway Construction. Thisis an index of
the cost of construction of a composite standard mile of highway.. not require adjustment for price changes and undervaluation of
The index is based on aggregate bid prices for the following: 17,491 projects. However, the number indexes suffer from the remaining
cubic yards of excavation; 3,726 square yards of surfacing; and limitations associated with permit value indexes.
Although the absolute amount of construction activity is not
structures requiring 16,000 pounds of reinforced steel, 4,325 pounds
of structural steel, and 68 cubic yards of structural concrete. The adequately indicated by early permit data, the data clearly indiexcavation includes common excavation plus other excavation cate the presence and approximate timing of cycles in private
items expressed as equivalent common excavation. The surfacing building. However, the relatively few cities upon which permit inincludes portland cement, concrete, and other surfacing items ex- dexes are based during the earlier years suggests caution in the
drawing of quantitative conclusions, particularly as to the amplipressed as equival~nt portland cement concrete.
H 7~-72. Farm construction cost indexes, 1910-1945. Base: tude of building cycles. Nonbuilding construction of various
1910-1914= 100. SoURCE: Department of Agriculture, Bureau of types and public building have fluctuated somewhat differently
Agricultural Economics, Income Parity for Agriculture: Part I I - from building permit indexes. so that the data available for the
165

Text: H 74-88

CONSTRUCTION Al'q"D HOUSING

analysis of cycles in total new construction over an extended per~


iod of years are particularly inadequate.
H 74-76. Indexesof number of building permits, 1856-1936.
Base: 1920-30= 100 (see next paragraph). SOURCE: Long, Clarence
D., Jr., Building Cycles and the Theory of Investment, Princeton
University Press, 1940, pp. 228-229. For 1856-1862, only Philadelphia is covered. Manhattan and part of the Bronx were added
in 1863, Boston in 1873, Brooklyn in 1874, Washington (D. C.)
and Wards 23 and 24 of the Bronx in 1875, Newark in 1878, Salem
in 1879, Detroit in 1880, New Haven in 1881, Providence in 1883,
Minneapolis and Cambridge in 1887, Indianapolis in 1891, the
remainder of the Bronx in 1895, Bridgeport, Atlanta, Louisville,
and Waltham in 1896, Watertown (Mass.) and Queens and Richmond Boroughs in 1898, New Bedford in 1899, Baltimore in 1901,
Rochester in 1906, Portland (Me.) in 1907, Cleveland and Richmond (Va.) in 1908, St. Louis in 1910, Springfield (Mass.) in 1911,
and Kansas City (Mo.) in 1912. For 1887-1912 Philadelphia data
were excluded from total nonresidential and total new building data
because of the reporting of an excessive number of miscellaneous
structures.
Since the number of cities covered varied from 1 to 30 (or 26 if
all the Boroughs-Brooklyn, Bronx, Manhattan, Queens, and
Richmond-of New York City are combined), the aggregate number of permits each year was divided by the aggregate number for
the same cities during 1920-1930. Thus, the base used was a shifting one. For additional explanation, see text for series H 74-79,
above.
H 77. Index of building permit values, 1868-1939. Base: 1930=
100 (see next paragraph). SOURCE: Long, Clarence D., Jr., Building
Cycles and the Theory of Investment, Princeton. University Press,
1940, pp. 213-223. This index was obtained by averaging the
monthly indexes given in the source. For 1868-1874, only Manhattan is covered. Louisville was added in 1875, Detroit in 1881,
Brooklyn and St. Louis in 1882, Cincinnati and Minneapolis in
1887, Cleveland and Nashville in 1888, Boston in 1889, New Raven
in 1890, Chicago and St. Joseph in 1891, Indianapolis and Syracuse
in 1892, Trenton in 1893, Omaha, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, St.
Paul, Denver, Kansas City (Mo.), Los Angeles, New Orleans, and
Washington (D. C.), in 1894; Duluth in 1895, Cambridge, Fort
Wayne, Atlanta, and Milwaukee in 1896; the Bronx, Alleghany
(Pa.), and Buffalo in 1898; Newark (N. J.) and Everett (Mass.)
in 1906; and Richmond and Queens Boroughs (New York City)
in 1916. Cambridge was omitted for 1911-1917, and Trenton was
omitted for 1912 and 1924-1929. Alterations were ex~luded from
Brooklyn data for 1882-1892 and 1895-1896. Alterations were
estimated for Boston for 1893-1894, 1903, and 1906-1908. Manhattan data were estimated for 1880.
Since the number of cities cov~red varied from 1 to 37 (or 33 if
all the Boroughs-Brooklyn, Bronx, Manhattan, Queens, and
Richmond-of New York City are combined), the aggregate permit
volume each year was divided by the aggregate volume for the
same cities in 1930. Thus, the base used was a shifting one. For
additional explanation, see text for series H 74-79, above.
H 78-79. Building permit index, 1875-1933. SOVRCE: Newman,
William H., "The Building Industry and Business Cycles," The
Journal of Business of the University of Chicago, vol. VIII, No.3,
pp. 63-71. These are annual indexes and annual averages of
monthly indexes. Series H 78, in current prices, with 1920-30=
100, is based on: Bradstreet's building-permit values, 120 identical
cities, 1911-1933; Babson's monthly values of building permits in
20 cities, 1903-1910; Ayres' permits in 50 cities, 1900-1902; and
permit data from 13 cities, 1875-1900. Series H 79, in 1913 prices
with 1913 = 100, is obtained from series H 78 by the use of the
'following building cost indexes. The American Appraisal Co.'s
building construction cost index, 1913-1933; an arithmetic average
-of the American Appraisal Co.'s cost indexes for frame, brick and
reinforced concrete buildings, 1900--1913; and an average of the

166

frame- and the brick-building cost indexes, 1875--1900. For additional explanation, see text for series H 74-79, above.
CONSTRUCTION EMPLOYMENT (H 80)
1929-1~45. SOURCE: 19291943, Bureau of Labor Statistics, The Construction Industry in the
United States, Bulletin No. 786; 1944-1945, Monthly Labor Review
and Construction, both published monthly by Bureau of Labor
Statistics.
The estimates include wage earners, salaried employees, and
special trades contractors actively engaged on all types of new
construction work and on alterations, additions and repair work
of the kind usually covered by building permits. Force-account
workers (employees of nonconstruction firms and public bodies
who perform construction work) are also included as well as selfemployed persons, working proprietors, and workers employed by
construction firms either on or off the construction site. The estimates exclude persons engaged in maintenance work.
For federal construction, employment is estimated directly
from reports on employment collected from contractors. For nonfederally financed construction, the employment averages are
derived primarily by converting construction expenditure figures
into the average number of man-months of labor ordinarily required to perform the volume of work reported.

H 80. Construction Employment,

Housing: Series H 81-135


EXISTENT HOUSING UNITS (H 81-112)

H 81-83. Available housing units and total families in nonfarm


areas, 1900-1938. SOURCE: Chawner, Low.ell J., Residential Building, National Resources Committee, 1939, Rousing Monograph
Series No.1, table VI, p. 16. Annual estimates of total available
housing units were obtained by calculating the net annual increases
in the supply. Changes in the available supply of housing depend
not only upon new building but also upon such factors as the .conversion of large single-family houses to multiple-family dwellings,
the conversion of residential structures to other forms of use,
principally to stores and offices, and the withdrawal of structures
from use by demolition and by destruction through catastrophies,
such as fire, flood, and tornado.
The term "family" as used here refers to "natural groups such
as man and wife (with or without children and other dependents),
and widower, widow or divorcee (with or without dependents).
The year-to-year fluctuations in single-person 'families,' i. e., single
individuals occupying a dwelling unit, are disclosed only to a very
limited extent in [these series]." (See footnote 1, table I, p. 2, of
source cited above.) Series H 83 is affected by the doubling-up of
families into single dwelling units, a fact that accounts for the
ratio of families to available units being greater than unity in the
years 1922-1924 and 1938.
For data on nonfarm dwelling units started, on construction cost
of new units, and on expenditures fUr new nonfarm residential
construction, see series H 40-47.
H 84-88. Nonfarm dwelling units standing and net additions to
supply, decennially 1900-1939. SOURCE: The Twentieth Century
Fund, American Housing, 1944, appendix table 35, p. 410.
These figures were derived by projecting backwards the number.
of nonfarm dwelling units reported by the 1940 Census of Housing.
Thus, 29,706,000 units, including both occupied and vacant units,
were standingin 1940 (preliminary estimate). According to "Housing and the Increase in Population," Monthly Labor Review, April
1942, a total of 3,459,000 new and converted units were built from
1930 to 1940, 952,000 makeshift units were added and 397,000
units were demolished. The total standing in 1930 was thus
25,692,000. For earlier decades, the same procedure was followed,
using data for new and converted units and demolitions as reported
in Wickens, David L., Residential Real Estate, National Bureau of

HOUSING

Text: H

84~135

Economic Research, 1941, table EM5, p. 54. The average shown I institutions and other quasi-family groups, by the number of
is the arithmetic mean of the four decades.
.
private families.) Since the population in private families was not
H 89-112. Occupied dwelling units or families, and tenure of tabulated separately except in 1930 and 1900, the total population
homes, decennially, 1890-1945. SOURCE: For 1890-1940, see Six- per private family is used because of its closer comparability with
.
teenth Census Reports, Housing, vol. II, pt. 1; for. 1945, see Char- statistics for the other years.
A dwelling unit is classified as owner-occupied if it was owned
acteristics of Occupied Dwelling Units for the United States: November 1945, Special Census Reports on Housing, Series H 46, No. 1. wholly or in part by the head of the household or by some related
The 1910 figure for farm population (series H 106) is an estimate member of his family living in the dwelling unit. All other occupied
which appears in Truesdell, Leon E., Farm Population of the United units are tenant-occupied whether or not cash rent was actually
States, 1920, Bureau of the Census, Census Monographs VI, Wash- paid.
ington, D. C., 1926, p. 45. The 1910 figure for nonfarm population
NONFARM HOUSING CREDIT (H 113-135)
(series H 98) was derived by subtracting the estimated farm popuH 113-119. Mortgage loans made on one-to-four-family nonlation from the total population.
The first Nation-wide Census of Housing was taken in 1940. For farm homes, 1925-1945. SOURCE: Federal Home Loan Bank Adthat census, an occupied dwelling unit was defined as the living ministration, Statistical Supplement to the Federal Home Loan Bank
quarters occupied by one household. (A dwelling unit might be a Review, 1947, table 14, p. 14. These data are based on mortgages
detached house; a tenement, fiat, or apartment in a larger build- recorded throughout the country by type of mortgage, and special
ing; or a room in a structure primarily devoted to business or other studies and reported statistics of various types of mortgage lending
nonresidential purposes; a tourist cabin; a trailer, boat, tent, etc., institutions. The data do not include mortgage loans made on farm
or commercial properties. The "home loans" include all mortgage
if occupied by persons having no other place of residence.)
loans
on one-to-four-family nonfarm residences regardless of ocThe term "private family," in 1940, was synonymous with the
term "private household." A private household, in the 1940 census, cupancy status (owner-occupied, rented or vacant), See also,
included the related family members and the unrelated lodgers and Housing and Home Finance Agency, Housing Statistics Handbook,
servants or hired hands who lived in the same dwelling unit and 1948, particularly part 3 on "Housing Finance."
H 120-126. Mortgage loans outstanding on one-to-four family
shared common housekeeping arrangements. However, the number
of occupied dwelling units in 1940, shown here, is not identical nonfarm homes, 1925-1945. SOURCE: Same as series H 113-119.
with the number of private families in 1940 (see series B 171). The
H 127. Number of foreclosures made on nonfarm homes, 1925difference is caused by the fact that the living quarters of about 1945. SOURCE: Federal Home Loan Bank Administration, Statis115,000 families, that were enumerated in 1940 at other than their tical Supplement to the Federal Home Loan Bank Review, 1947,
usual place of residence, were classified as vacant, rather than as table 16, p. 14. These figures are based on data reported monthly
occupied, but the.related members of the household were counted from approximately 1,500 counties, cities, townships, or other
as a private family. Also the small number (about 20,000) of lodg- governmental divisions, and measuring the number of properties
ing places with 11 or more lodgers were counted as occupied units, acquired monthly through foreclosures. Approximately 65 percent
but the heads of such lodging houses were not counted as heads of of all nonfarm dwellings are included in the sample used.
private families.
H 128-132. Operating savings and loan associations, 1920The comparability of the present series rests on the fairly close 1945. SOURCE: Federal Home Loan Bank Administration, Statistical
correspondence of the definition of occupied dwelling unit used in Supplement to the Federal Home Loan Bank Review, 1947, table 7,
1940 and that for family or home used in previous censuses~ The p. 7. For data for 1920-1921 for series H 128-129, see U. S. Savings
count of families for 1930 and 1900 (shown here) represents private and Loan League, Secretary's Annual Report, Chicago, 1946. These
families only; that for 1920, 1910, and 1890 includes the small data are based on a compilation from the annual reports of FHLB
number of quasi-family groups which were counted as families in member associations and of State savings and loan supervisory
those years. See text for series B 171-181.
authorities. These data show selected statistics for all o:perating
For purposes of comparison with the 1940 population per occu- savings and loan associations. The data do not include resources
pied dwelling unit, the total population per private famjIy in 1930 of institutions in liquidation.
and 1900 is used and not the "popUlation per private family" as
H 133-135. Building and Loan Association failures, 1920-1945.
published in the 1930 census reports. (The latter is obtained by SOURCE: U. S. Savings and Loan League, Secretary's Annual Redividing the population in private families, excluding persons in port, Chicago, 1946.

167

Data: H 1-26

CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING

Series H 1-26.-CONSTRUCTION EXPENDITURES-ESTIMATES: 1915 TO 1945


[In millions of dollars)
NEW PRIVATE CONSTRUCTION

Nonresidential
Total
construction

YEAR

Total new
construction

Total

9,782
8,636
12,005
17,757
15,196

1940 _________________
1939 _________________
1938 _________________
1987 _________________
1936 _______________ .,._

Total

Industrial

Warehouses,
office
buildings,
etc. 2

1
1945 _________________
1944 ___ :.. _____________
1941L ________________
______ .__________
1941_. ________________

Residential
(excluding
iarm)

Other

Farm
construction

Railroads
(including
local
transit)

10

Electric
light and
power,

gas, and
oil
pipelines 3

Telephone
and telegraph

11

12

7,784
13,412
10,490

2,716
1,823
1,744
3,007
5,426

684
535
650
1,315
2,765

1,014
350
232
635
1,486

642
208
156
346
801

199
55
32
150
400

173
87
44
139
285

191
213
292
271
303

282
262
225
209
217

428
380
284
422
476

117
83
61
155
179

11 ,600
10,938
9,873
9,845
9,392

7,042
6,307
5,186
5,487
4,836

4,390
3,808
3,076
3,390
2,550

2,355
2,114
1,511
1,372
1,131

1,028
785
764
1,088
712

442
254
232
492
266

342
287
279
378
283

244
244
253
218
163

236
226
196
225
189

217
191
160
238
194

432
399
353
365
257

122
93
92
102
67

6,483
5,976
4,782
5,684
8,990

3,230
2,805
2,376
3,290
5,967

1,676
1,235
1,012
1,467
3,375

665
361
278
462
1,228

472
455
404
499
1,104

158
191
176
74
221

206
169
127
216
437

108
95
101
209
446

176
93
69
39
97

156
158
115
168
361

155
121
101
212
419

52
47
45
87
166

11,69.2
13,876
14,611
14,852
14,702

8,042
9,873
10,780
11,067
11,119

5,265
7,476
8,313
8,733
9,040

1,446
2,797
3,869
4,175
4,496

2,099
2,822
2,797
2,825
2,878

532
949
802
696
727

856
1,097
1,121
1,145
1,107

711
776
874
984
1,044

193
279
275
283
251

606
592
523
539
542

588
632
603
699
646

333
354
246
212
227

13,907
12,779
11 ,637
9,838
8,238

10,512
9,548
8,567
7,017
5,531

8,439
7,705
6,997
5,377
3,991

4,505
4,195
3,640
2,734
1,661

2,373
1,897
1,896
1,638
1,543

513
460
549
467
574

940
740
716
613
570

920
697
631
558
399

259
257
270
218
183

445
421
435
261
243

647
739
598
409
259

210
196
158
117
102:

1920 _________________
1919 _________________
1918 _________________
1917 _________________
1916 _________________

9,113
8,375
6.,988
6,088
5,241

6,117
5,736
4,714
4,138
3,453

4,779
3,770
2,482
2,865
2,750

1,545
1,536
691
902
1,066

2,,082
1 ;147
771
860
771

1,099
621
449
364
262

358

(')

(4j

381
414
323 .
315
255

266
329
472
515
390

381
26.8
152
188
207

124
76.
73
85
61

1915 __________ ______

4,584

2,932

2,217

950

513

197

(4)

(4)

205

353

153

43

194~L

1935 _________________
1934 _________________
1933~ ____________ .--1982 _________________
1931 _________________
1980_.,. _______________
1929 _________________
1928 _________________
1927 _.,. _______________
1926 _________________
1925 _________________
1924 _________________
1923 _________________
1922 _________________
1921 _________________

4,808
4,1~6

625
(4)
(4)

(4)
(4)
(4)

(4)

NEW PUBLIC CONSTRUCTION

Nonresidential
Total

YEAR

---13

Residential

Total

Industrial

Educational

Other

14

15

16

17

18

Sewage
Highdisposal
Military
ways,
and
and
roads, and water
naval
supply
streets
systems
19

20

21

Conservation
and
development

Other
public
construction

Work
relief 5

22

23

24

Maintenance
and
repairs

25

Total new
cOnBtruetion, 1939
prices

26

1945 _________
1944 _________
1943 _________
1942 _________
1941. ________

2,092
2,313
6,040
10,405
5,064

71
190
700
545
430

652
638
1,805
3,653
1,584

470
507
1,668
3,437
1,280

59
41
62
116
135

123
90
75
100
169

690
837
2,550
5,016
1,620

386
346
420
.616
800

97
79
102
139
168

130
163
285
350
354

66 - -- - - - - -60 - - - - - - - -178
38
86
330
108
711

4,974
4,500
4,183
4,015
3,995

3,500
3,103
5,737
10,390
9,339

1940 _________
1939 _________
1938 _________
1937 _________
1936 _________

2,499
2,110
2,097
2,286

2~652

200
65
35
93
61

556
859
568
470
604

164
23
12
2
4

132
418
266
221
323

260
418
290
247
277

385
125
62
37
29

882
867
858
902
927

194
162
179
174
208

310
310
299
310
339

125
111
109
111
118

918
1,189
1,403
924
1,359

3,640
3,442
3,284
3,434
3,197

6,858
6,307
5,203
5,438
5,210.

1935 _________
1934 _________
1933 _________
1932 _________
1931. ________

1,554
1,570
1,364
1,823
2,592

9
1

278
286
'205
392
578

2
(6)
(6)

130
110
43
123
269

146
165
160
269
309

37
47
36
34
40

709
826
809
961
1,351

137
116
81
156
270

317
245
168
139
135

67
490
49
658
65
161
141 --------218 ---------

2,763
2,513
2,245
2,394
3,023

3,5.58
2,971
2,728
4,057
6,M3

1930 _________
1929 _________
1928 _________
1927. ________
1926 _________

2,777
2,397
2,467
2,334
2,079

623
622
638
596
603

(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)

344
367
378
367
399

279
255
260
229
204

29
19
15
12
11

1,505
1,254
1,275
1,156
1,005

343
253
300
312
285

111
86
72
63
61

166 --------163 --------167 --------195


114 ---------

3,650.
4,003
3,831
3,785
3,583

7,857
9,257
10 ,314
10,604
10,569

1925 _________
1924- ________
1923 _________
1922 _________
1921.._______

2,073
1,843
1,570
1,640
1,540

573
494
481
481
387

(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)

400
353
346
342
274

173
141
135
139
113

8
9
16
25
49

1,021
932
755
834
830

278
263
203
201
178

73
79
65
48
52

120 --------66 --------50 --------51 --------44 - - - - - - ---

3,395
3,231
3,070
2,821
2,707

10 ,027
8,993
8,002
7,183
5,078

1920 ____ ____


1919 _________
1918 _________
1917 _________
1916 _________

1,338
1,966
2,232
1,273
703

(6)
(')
(6)
(6)
(6)

(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)

(l)
(4)
(4)
(4)

93

-----------------

283
246
199
192
207

161
1,089
1,556
608
21

644
418
289
313
308

153
124
94
91
95

55
39
29
27
28

42
36
38
42
44

-- - - - - - --

2,996
2,639
2,274
1,950
1,788

4,570
5,413
5,109
5,209
5,305

1915 _________

715

---------

217

(6)

(4)

(4)

17

298

106

36

41

---------

1.6112

4.91<4

---------

------------- ----------------- ... -------------------------------------------------------------------------14


28

11
2

(6)

190

Excludes nonresidential building by privately owned public utilities.


Includes loft buildings, stores, restaurants, and garages.
8 Includes construction with Rural Electrification Administration funds.
4 Not available separately.
1

168

----~----

--------- - - - - - - --

-----------------

5 For period 1933-1943, about 70 percent of total work-relief construction is


shown in series H 24; series H 13 includes the remaining 30 percent, which cannot
be segregated.
ft Public industrial and cOII).mercial building not segregated from private construction for 1915-1932.

Data: H 27-32

CONSTRUGTION

Series H 27~32.-CONSTRUCTION EXPENDITURES~FEDERAL EXPENDITURES FOR PUBLIC


WORKS: 1791 TO 1919
[In thousands of dollars

Total
YEAR

Military
and
naval I

28
27
_______ 1________
1________

Rivers,
harbors,
and flood
control

Public
buildings

Reclamation
31

Other

YEAR

22,320
17,870
16,982
15,177

4,305
5,205
4,994
5,892

13,341
19,368
20,898
16,2L1

123,566
120,375
118,607
117,226
122,009

19,991
17,302
11,705
18,924
24,120

46,834
50,762
42,275
35,861
33,968

19,018
12,010
16,296
17,994
18,522

12,091
7,709
6,646
9,194
7,642

25,632
32,592
41,685
35,253
37,757

1910 ____ _
1909 ____ _
1908 ____ _
1907 ____ _
1906 ___ -__

118,207
119,617
119,703
94,825
86,036

22,188
22,704
20,470
15,491
18,087

29,273
34,579
30,361
23,310
25,955

22,391
18,510
15,659
13,859
14,461

8,136
9,765
11,159
12,795
7,257

36,219
34,059
42,054
29,370
20,276

1905 ____ _
1904 __ .:. __
1903 ____ _
1902 ____ _
19.01 ____ _

70,595
109,593
50,595
38,249
46,094

23,234
19,790
18,151
14,214
13,684

22,814
22,546
19,590
14,948
19,544

15,946
14,093
11,469
8,306
12,340

3,882
1,612
269

4,719
51,552
1,116
781
526

1900 ____ _
1899 ____ _
1898 ____ _
1897 ____ _
1896 ____ ~

40,758
34;923
37,068
25,156
28,278

13,912
13,.751'
11,202
5,942
5,122

18,736
16,-094
20,792
13,686
18,119

7,770
4,880
4,585
4,854
4,544

340
198
489
674
493

1895 ____ _
1894 ____ _
1893 ____ _
189~L __ _
1891. ___ _

30,054
32,411
27,935
25,439
20,991

4,662
6,566
6,266
3,479
1,996

19,944
19,888
14,804
13,024
12,253

5,173
5,457
6,491
8,291

275
500
374
645
540

21,662
20,410
14,434
13,948
10,132

2,764
2,516
1,865
897
1,747

11,740
11,234
7,007
7,786
4,197

~~~
6,463
6,140
5,086
4,973
3,915

1885_~~ __
1884 ____ _
1883 ____ _
1882 ____ _
1881. ___ _

17,540
15,364
20,854
17,422
15,572

1,634
1,991
1,809
443
401

10,558
8,237
13,839
11,624
9,072

4,915
4,746
4,889
2,867
3,231

433
390
317
2,488
2,868

1880 ____ _
1879 ____ 1878 ____ _
1877 ____ _
1876 ____ _

13,834
14;529
9,160
12,560
14,459

385
378
253
413
1,151

8,080
8,267
3,791
4,655
5,736

2,838
3,484
2,912
5,106
4,835

2,531
2,400
2,204
2,386
2,737

1875 ____ _
1874 ____ _
1873 ____ _
1872 ____ _
187L ___ _

19,647
18,404
19,362
15,144
12 ,39~

1,435
2,363
2,742
2,756
1,913

6,434
5,704
6,312
4,962
4,421

3,037
2,578
3,084
3,285
2,742

1870~ ___ _
1869 ____ _
1868 ____ _
1867 ____ _
1866 ____ _

9,957
8,371
10,935
6,888
4,299

1,304
1,084
3,450
2,179
2,236

3,528
3,545
3,457
1,217
295

8,741
7,759
7,224
4,141
3,318
2,513 _________ _
1,799. _________ _
1,412
1,280
287

2,612
1,943
2,616
2,212
.1,481

1865 ____ _
1864 __ - -1863 ____ _
1862 ____ _
1861. ___ _

8,170
6,424
5,314
3,582
3,301

5,121
5,035
3,955
2,790
1,176

305
102
65
37
172

1,257
318
405
63
839

1,487
969
889
692
1,114

1860 ____ _
1859 ____ _
1858 ___ ~1857 _ ---1856 ____ _

3,816
5,323
8,550
7,535
5,801

1,278
1,447
2,955
1,787
1,371

228
290
427
268
161

761
1,972
2,572
2,940
2,123

1 ;549
1,614
2,596
2,540
2,146

Public
buildings

29

30

Other

32

<6,2~2

695
520
476
292

273

2,633
1,273
657
673
483

2,207
1,510
1,14,1
824
824

42

698
280
121
93
177

1,144
724
742
769
447

a24

79

374
112
51
137
185

195
743
594
1,173
959

145
780
1,054
1,362
869

368
353
352
333
538

952
1,167
934
1,358
1,562

2,980
2,606
3,3i8
2, i'28
2,185

381
715
986
598
795

569
598
704
538
652

447
130
261
41
54

1,583
1,163
1,367
951
684

1830 ____ _
1829 ____ _
1828 _____ .
1827 ____ _
1826 ___ --

2,525
2,499
1,585
1,551
1,677

991
855
734
718
838

574
524
188
136
87

88
61
8
38

872
1,059
655
659
752

1825 ____ _
1824 ____ _
1823 ____ _
1822 ____ _
182L ___ _

1,429
823
776
620
609

839
534
517
432
375

40
26

182{1 ____ _
1819 ____ _
1818 ____ _
1817 ____ _
1516 ____ _

1,181
1,783
1,436
1,077
687

742
1,083
781
533
331

1815 ____ _
1814. ___ _
1813 ____ _
1812 ____ _
1811 ____ _

963
404
662
564
251

800
252
456
370
105

1810 ____ _
1809 ____ _
1808 ____ _
1807 ____ _
18p6 ____ _

578
743
1,186
331
106

428
655
1,075
226

1805 ____ _
1804 ____ _
1803 ____ _
1802 __ --1801. ___ _

122
143
78
140
166

25
1
18
85

1800 ____ _
1799 ___- __
1798 3 ___ _
1797 ____ _
1796 ____ _

163
241
239
88
61

116
171
184
40
26

1795,____ _
1794. __ -1793 ____ _
1792 ____ _
1791. ___ _

112
79
24
46
23

82
42

7,044
4,543
2,552
1,947
2,037

1,413
823
265
410
660

1850 ____ _
1849 ____ _
1848 ____ _
1847. ___ _
1846 ____ -

2,601
1, no
1,302
1,961
1,889

717
680
415
1,055
1,046

1845 ____ _
184,"'- ___ _
1843 ____ _
1842 ____ _
184L ___ _

2,016
1,623
901
1,884
2,091

632
787
415
1,016
1,321

529
313
111

1840 ____ _
1839 ____ _
1838 ____ _
1837 ____ _
1836 ____ -

1,660
3,0--43
2,934
4,226
3,928

i835 ___ -1834 ____ ~


1833 ____ _
1832 ____ _
183L ___ _

26
24
44
2119

at

481
411

649
506

546
263
246
186
234

___________4 _
13
1

310
625

129
75
144
61
139

511

483
217
163
152
206
194
146
160
86
101

2
10
7
15

___________ _

98

91
122
97
77
69
81

21
53

41
70
5-3
48
35
30
37
12
39
23

____ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

------------ ------------

12
7

------------

Detailed classification fails to add to total for 1798.

Excludes naval vessels.


Prior to 1882, the entire cost of the Lighthouse Service is included in "Other."

169
748706--49-12

791
937
489
40
70

1855 ____ _
1854 ____ _
1853 ____ _
1852 ____ _
185L ___ _

1
2

28 -~"\

27

32

Rivers,
harbors,
and flood
control

30
29
 --------  --------1--------1--------111-------1--------- 1 ---------~I--------------------I----------

33,078
29,594
30,487
32,450

1890 ____ _
1889 ____ _
1888 ____ _
1887 ____ _
1886 ____ _

Military
and
naval l

Total

1919" ____ 1,997,615 1,924,571


1918 _____ 1,257,625 1.,185,588
1917.____
102,673
29,312
1916_____
83,092
13,362
1915 ____ 1914 ____ _
1913 ____ _
1912 ____ _
1911. ___ _

CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING

Data: H 33-48

Series R

33-35.-CONSTRUCTION EXPENDITURES-FoR PIJBLIC

I Series H

ESTIMATES FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION:

1920

1938

1939

TO

[In thousands of dollars J

FISCAL
YEAR

Total

---33
----

New construction

Repair

34

35

1939 1 ______ 1,056,618 966,716


1938 1______
733,578 628,819
1937 _______
386,884 788,668
1936 _______ .787,546 699,220

FISCAL
YEAR

750,369
687,038
;528,306
539,445
459,447

670,723
598,966
462,019
464,731
386,839

79,646
88,072
66,287
74,714
72,608

1930 _______
1929 _______

329,119 250,8.64
294,788 221,078

78,255.
73,710

Total

New construction

Repair

TO

33

34

35

In
current
prices

PERIOD

188,519
174,039
175,159

69,072
63,379
60,408

205,305
168,526
142,358
160,715
172,245

48,353
42,671
44,758
61,726

146,417

57,939

BASED ON
BUILDING PERMITS,
CONTRACTS, ETC.

BASED ON
MA TERIAlB OUTPUT

In
1929
prices

55,044

1929-1938 __
1924-1933 __
1919-1928 __
1914-1923 __
1909-1918 __ .

6,008
8,038
8,188
5,785
4,181

6,602
8,235
7,981
6,879
7,297

1904-1913 __
1899-1908 __
1894-1903 __
1889-1898 __
1884-1893 __

3,512
2,708
2,036
1,862
1,662

6,873
5,848
4,991
4,690
3,921

1879-1888 __
1874-1883 __
1869-1878 __

1,162
841
702

2,679
1,920
1,496

1 Average

In
current
prices

PERIOD

37

36

Estimated.

Series H

1869

lIn millions of dollars. Figures are averages per year by decades J

1928 _____ ~_ 257,591


1927 _______ 237,418
1926 _______ 235,567
1925 _______ 260,949
1924 _______ 216,879
1923 _______ 185,029
1922 _______ 205,473
192L ______ 233,971
1920 _______ 204,356

89,902
104,758
98,214
88,326

1935 _______
1934 _______
1933 _______
1932 _______
193L ______

36-39.-CONSTRUCTION EXPENDITURES-

WORKS BY PERMANENT FEDERAL CONSTRUCTION AGENCIES

In
1929
prices

38

1929-1938 __
1924-1933 __

39

5,274
8,303
8,528
5,141
3,784

1919-1928_~

1914-1923 __
1909-1918 1 ~

5,797
8,504
8,3:).0
6,114
6,609

of annual estimates for 1914-1918 and annual rate for i909-1913.

40-47.-CONSTRUCTION-DWELLING UNITS STARTED IN NONFARM AREAS:

1900

TO

1945

NEW DWELLING UNITS STARTED


(IN THOUSANDS OF UNITS)

Urban

Rural
nonfarm

I-family

2-family

Multifamily

Construction
cost of new
units
started 1
(million
dollars)

41

42

43

44

45

46

By location
YEAR

TotaJ
40

By type

1945 2________
1944 _________
1943 _________
1942 _________
1941 _________

226
169
350
497
715

144
115
209
281
440

82
54
141
216
275

201
145
286
391
613

9
11
18
20
34

16
13
46
86
68

1,005.3
560.7
1,016.4
1,716.1
2,852.8

1940 _________
1939 _________
1938 _________
1937 _________
1936 _________

603
515
40.-6
336
319

397
359
262
218
211

206
156
144
118
108

486
399
:-H7
267
244

37
29
18
16
14

80
87
71
53
61

2,299.5
1,948.3
1,583.9
1,382.4
1,271.0

193!L ________
1934 _________
1933 _________
1932 _________
1931..: ________

221
126
93
134
254

117
49
45
64
174

104
77
48
70
80

183
109
76
118
187

8
5
5
7
22

30
12
12
9
45

757:4
368.4
285.4
407.0
1,104.6

1930 _________
1929 _________
1928 _________
1927 _________
1926 _________

330
509
753
810
849

236
400
594
643
681

94
109
159
167
168

227
.316
436
454
491

29
51
78
99
117

74
142
239
257
241

1,494.5
2,453.0
3,613.0
3,910.0
4,112.0

1925 _________
1924 _________
1923 _________
1922 _________
192L ________

937
893
871
716
449

752
716
698
574
359

185
177
173
142
90

572
534
513
437
316

157
173
175
146
70

208
186
183
133
63

4,475.0
4,065.0
3,775.0
2,957.0
1,771.0

1920 _________
19nL ________

.247
8405

196
303

51
102

202

24

21

(4)

(4)

(4)

1,068.0
------------

NEW DWELLING UNITS STARTED


(IN THOUSANDS OF UNITS)

. YEAR

Total

Urban

Rural
nonfarm

residential
construction,
(million dols.)

40

41

42

47

1918 ________
1917 ___ ~ ____
1916 ____ ~ ___

8174
8277
3394

79
180
364

95
97
30

5745
943
1,108

1915 ________
1914 ________
1913 ________
1912 ________
1911..: _______

1414
414
s 435
3476
3501

364
323
318
350
376

50
91
117
126
125

989
1,010
1,110
1,1&0
1,010

1910 ________
1909 ________
1908 ________
1907 ________
1906 ________

s 505
573
438
433
464

382
380
277
284
302

123
193
161
149
162

1,15.0
1,130
920
980
990

1905 ________
190L _______
1903 ________
1902 ________
1901..: _______

459
416
411
327
303

288
256
191
176
191

171
160
220
151
112

880
700
620
560
470

190o ________

204

149

55

350

Series H
ING

48.-NUMBER OF NONFARM DWELLUNITS

DEMOLISHED

PER

170

DECADE:

1890 TO 1939
[ In thousands of units J
DECADE

1930-1939 _______________________________
1920-1929 _______________________________
1910-1919 _______________________________
1900-1909 _______________________________
1890-1899 _______________________________
1 Includes both public and private units.
2 Estimates for 1945 shown in series H 40-46 have been adjusted to allow for
lapsed building permits and lag between issuance of permits and actual start of
construction. These factors were not particularly significant prior to 1945.
S Bureau of Labor. Statistics estimated totals for these years are (in thoilsands):

Expenditures
for

new nonfarm

Number
397
5S0
414
297

208

1919, 330; 1918, 120; 1917, 230; 1916, 480; 1915, 475; 1914, 445; 1913, 455; 1912,
490; 1911, 480; 1910, 475. Urban-rural distribution not available separately for
these years.
4 Not available.
, Includes public residential construction amounting to. 28 million dollars.

CONSTRUCTION

Series

49-50.-CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS-VALUE OF OUTPUT, DESTINED FOR DOMESTIC


CONSUMPTION:
[ In thousands of doliars.

YEAR

In
current
prices

In
1913
prices

49

50

In
current
prices

YEAR

In
1913
prices

49

1939 _____
1938 _____
1937 _____
193,6 _____

3,701,600 2,328,050
3,159,000 1,986,792
3,945,800 ~,358,518
3,331,500 2,188,896

1935 _____
1934 _____
1933 _____
1932 _____
193L ____

2,375,000
1,909,900
1,536,100
1,362,700
2,552,100

1,585,447
1,261,493
1,129,485
1,074,685
1,820,328

1930 _____ S,779,800 2,386,237


1929 _____ 5,007,500 2,984,207
1

YE.AE

50

In ,
current
prices

In
1913
prices

49

50

1925

TO

YEAR

1918 ____ 3,217,450 1,843,811


1917 ____ 3,058,556 1,974,536
1916 ____ 2,627,755 2,208,197

1925 ____
1924 ____
1923 ____
1922 ____
192L ___

1915 ____
1914 ____
1913 ____
1912 ____
191L ___

4,950,400 2,773,333
4,465,300 2,487,632
4,647,300 2,440,809
3,568,900 2,090,217
2,956,700 1,717,015

1920 ____ 4,777,100 1,823,321


1919 1 ___ 3,508,100 1,730,686
1919 2 ___ 3,703,160 1,826,917

2,010,682 2,125,457
2,043,846 2,195,323
2,384,390 2,384,390
2,154,101 2,200,307
1,942,803 2,002,890

Series

Total
51

,52

53

54

Total
floor
space 1

Residential

Nonresidential

56

286,132
155,559
244,656
847,529
440,292

1940 _______
1939 _______
1938 _______
193L ______
1936 _______

4,003,957 1.596,944 1,294,640 1,112,373


3,550,543 1,334,272 965,638 1,250,633
3,196,928 985,787 1,072,137 1,139,004
2,913,060 905,293 1,156,161 851,606
2,675,298 801,626 959,789 913,883

420,531
332,656
240,568
235,515
222,514

268,062
178,802
185,743
204,071
182,764

1935 _______
1934 _______
1933 _______
1932 _______
193L ______

1,844,546
1,543,109
1,255,709
1,351,159
3,092,849

251,558 135,416
152,394 64,255
147,053 72,783
155,577 73,607
365,841 190,274

114,150
86,043
72,609
80,176
170,521

4,523,115 1,101,316 1,822,372 1,599,427


5,750; 791 1,915,729 2,425,308 1,409,754
6,628,285 2,788,318 2,438,184 1,401,783
6,303,056 2,573,317 2,438,520 1,291,219
6,380,916 2,671,119 2,417,695 1,292,102

1925 _______ 6,006,428 2,747,730 2,201,747 1,056,951

510,382
791,099
966,558
850,578
883,794

963,431 1,435,814
880,291 1,226,032
1,033,166
1,004,085
1,074,342
1,335,549
1,075,974

1900

1,461,338
1,402,353
1,424,857
1,759,617
1,341,613

145 MUNICIPAL-

1937

TO

Waterand
~IHighwaY,IEdU'"ti, n works
sewer

Other 2

Total per
capita
(dollars)

62

63

59

60

61

57

3,299,303 563,467 1,850,445 885,391 412,423 111,244


1,994,016 348,443 899,434 746,139 234,549 73,955
3,273,990 867,815 1,424,260 981,915 448,244 200,647
8,255,061 1,817,733 3,896,725 2,540,603 1,314,220 449,454
6,007,474 1,953,801 2,315,671 1,738,002 956,719 502,676

478,843
680,976 684,727
248,839
551,208 74&,062
249,264 417,462 588,983
280,069 487,622 583,468
811 ,389 1,140,663 1,140,797

50

Millions of dollars

1937
1936

690,459
513,380
429,028
446,084
409,676

49

1890 _____ 1,216,529 1,443,095


1889 _____
838,857
986,891
1879 _____
444,234
545,742
1869 _____
377,392
351,389

58-63.-CAPITAL OUTLAYS IN

58
55

In
1913
prices

CAPITAL OUTLAYS IN 145 MUNICIPALITIES

1945 _______
1944 _______
1943 _______
1942 _______
194L ______

1895 _____
1894 _____
1893 _____
1892 _____
189L ____

1,578,083 1,813,889
1,394,254 1,706,553
1,447,378 1,712,873
1,493,613 1,810,440
1,306,269 1,618,673

In
current
prices

[ Covers both private and public ownership projects

In 37 States 2

1930 _______
1929 _______
1928 __ ~ ____
192L ______
1926 _______

1905 _____
1904- ____
1903 _____
1902 _____
190L ____

Floor space of buildings


(thousands of square feet)

Public
Nonresidential works and
building utilities

50

YEAR

189L ____
1896 _____

CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS AWARDED

Residential
building

49

190L ____ 2,111,498 2,090,592


1906 _____ 1,911 ,099 1,978,363

ITIES:

YEAR
YEAR

In
1913
prices

Figures comparable with those for 1918 and earlier years.

1945

Value of construction
(thousands of dollars)

In
current
prices

1900 _____ 1,222,689 1,425,045


1899 _____ 1,006,300 1,246,964
1898 _____
937,757 1,341,569

1910 ____ 2,049,729 2,100,132


1909 ____ 1,992,504 2,101,797
1908 ____ 1,820,139 1,950,846

[ Includes both new and alteration work 1

1/

1939

TO

1928 ____ 4,793,800 2,894,807


1927 ____ 4,845,200 2,908,283
1926 ____ 5,111 ,500 2,910,877

51-57.-CONSTRUCTION-CONTRACTS AWARDED

(DODGE) :

1869

Co'mpilation method changed in 19191

Figures comparable with those for 1920 and later years.

Series

Data: H 49-63

230,040
387,67.0
568,382
494,565
521,062

271 ,905
397,626
394,071
350,560
355,724

936,226 559,499

362,329

Includes also a small amount of floor space reported for public works and utilities.
For list of States see text.

3_____
3 _____

586.4
479.8

124.5
97.7

84.3
81.9

157.7
130.2

219.9
170.0

14.66
12.04

1935 3 _____
1934 3 _____
1933 3 _____
1932 3 . ____
193L _____

386.5
331.4
281. 5
576.5
911.0

75.7
92.9
94.1
166.0
265.4

39.3
21 0
28.4
84.2
141.3

108.8
96.3
61.8
116.0
194.7

162.7
121. 2
97.2
210.3
309.6

9.73
8.38
7.14
14.68
23.29

1930 ______
1929 ______
1928 ______
1927 ______
1926 ______

1,071.5
936.1
9i 9 . 9
1,0 0.0
890.5

375.6
337.4
340.1
334.1
284.7

158.5
150.3
149.0
168.6
181.4

248.0
179.0
210.7
219.7
196.6

289.4
26&4
29 1
297.6
227.8

27.52
24.47
26.36
27.75
24.66

1925 ______
192L _____
1923 ______
1922 ______
192L ____ ,_

873.1
718.2
570.0
540.9

276.1
210.1
172.5
162.9

(4)

(4)

182.7
189.1
152.3
133.0

!flO. 5
177.4
136.2
144.9

223.8
141. 6
109.0
100.1

24.62
20.61
16.65
16.11

1920 5_____
1919 ______
1918 ______
1917 ______
1916 ______

376.0

142.7

62.7

94.4

76.2

235.1
250.1
262.6

77.3
99.2
99.3

37.0
36.7
42.9

65.6
61.2
64.4

55.2
53.0
56.0

11. 51
(4)
7.52
8.08
8.68

1915 ______
1914 ______
1913 ______
1912 ______
191L. _____

267.8
306.0
(4)
284.1
296.0

93.5
109.2

44.5
45.8

76.5
90.2

94.4
100.1

39.0
38.1

93.1
92.7

53.3
60.8
(4)
57.6
65.1

10.37
'11.06

1910 ______
1909 ______
1908 ______
190L _____
1906 ______

269.4
258.1
271.3
241.0
192.8

86.4
82.4
85.9
81. 7
62.0

35.5
36.5
39.5
35.6
33.6

82.1
77.7
70.5
65.8
49.6

65.4
61. 5
75.4
57.9
47.6

10.41
10.29
11.12
10.45
8.57

1905 ______
1904 ______
1903 ______
1902 ______
1901 1 _____

185.6
183.4
173.3
128.0
94.7

63.1
65.7
56.0
36.2

32.5
26.8
23.3
18.1

43.0
44.5
646.3
634.1

47.0
46.4
647.7
639.6

(I)

(4)

(4)

8.46
8.57
8.32
6.29
4.77

(4)

(4)

(4)

4.27

1900

7_____

(4)

82.7

(4)

(4)

(4)
(4)

(4)
(4)

(4)

(4)
(4)

(4)

(4)

(4)

(4)

9.07
10.62
(4)

1 Figures for 1933-1937 include construction expenditures. of Metropolita.tt


Water District of Southern California directly assessable against the city of
Los Angeles, which were added to the waterworks outlay totals of the Bureau
of the Census.
2 See text for categories included. Figures for 1924-1931 include capital out.
lays of New York City for the Independent Subway System,. which were
added to the totals reported by the Bureau of the Census. Bureau of the
Census inCluded these expenditures. in its outlay figures for later years.
8 Estimated on basis of 83 eities.
( Not available.
i Estimated on basis of 10'{ cities.
6 Partially estimated.
7 Estimated on basis of 124 cities.

171

Data: H 64-79

CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING

Series H 64r-73.-CONSTRUCTION-COST INDEXES: 1910 TO 1945

YEAR

Engineering
News-Record,
construction,
1913 =100

Turner,
building,
Eastern
cities, '
1913 =100

Boeckh,
residential
construction
(20-city
average),
1926-1929
-100

64

65

66

FARM CONSTRUCTION
I.e.c.,
HANDY PUBLIC UTILITY,
Highway
American
railroad /___C_O_N_S_T_RU-;-C_T_I_O_N_ _ _ / construction / - - - - - , - - - - - - / Appraisal
Company,
construction,
Electric
(composite
Dwellings,
Service
buildings,
total road, -', Gas plants I
light and
mile),
1910--1914
buildings,
1913 =100
191!155 14
1911 =100 power plants, 2 19~15g29
=100
19~1Jg14
1911 =100

67

69

68

70

72

71

13

1945 _________________ _
1944 _________________ _
1943 ____________ - - ___ _
1942 _________________ _
1941 _________________ _

308
299
290
276
258

263
244
257
245
215

147.4
137.6
126.7
121.1
114.8

197
187
186
175
151

266
260
258
254
243

228
228
239
238
235

112.0
115.5
126.9
109.9
81.8

260
239
219
193
169

235
224
202
180
158

271
261
252
241
218

1940 _________________ _
1939 ___________ - _____ _
1938 _________________ _
1937 ___________ _____ _
1936 _________________ _

242
236
236
235
206

193
182
188

169

106.1
102.8
100.9
98.0
87.7

140
137
138
142
133

233
229
229
226
207

230
227
226
224
208

71. 6
72.6
72.8
79.4
82.9

151
146
145
155
144

143
141
141
146
137

204
201
199
198
170

1935 _____________ - ___ _


1934 _________________ _
1933 _________________ _
1932 _________________ _
1931 _________________ _

196
198
170
157
181

162
160
140
136
145

84.7
86.9
80.0
79.9
94.4

131
131
127
131
143

201
196
177
177
192

205
205
191
186
195

80.6
84.0
76.7
61.0
76.8

140
141
124
123
142

134
133
119
120
137

162
161
150
155
178

1930 _________________ _
1929 _________________ _
1928 _________________
19'27 _________________ _
1926 _____________ -_ - --

203
207
20fT
206
208

102.5

190

152
160
161

190
195

100.7
100.4 '
101.8

199
201
198
2Q4
210

198
202
191
189
189

85.7
92.1
95.3
1Q1.9
103.4

166
173
172
173
177

157
164
163
164
167

200
217
217
217
217

1925 _________________ _
1924 _______ _________ _
1923 _________________
1922 _________________ _
1921. ________________ _

207
215
214
174
202

195
194
196
175
183

100.8
101.8
103.2
92.2
100.2

157
175

212
219
204
8188
229

189
188
178
3179
234

107.5
113.1
117.9
105.8

177
180
186
174
181

169
169
170
160
172

217
222
224
200
216

1920 _________________ _
1919 ________________ ,._
1918 _________________ _
1917 _________________ _
1916 ______ __________ _

251
198
189
181
130

252
196
166
147
120

124.7
96.7
83.2
69.9
59.8

214
178
159
134
110

265
202
168
140
114

232
194
172
143
119

283
229
177
143
116

56.2
54.8
54.5
56.5
55.2

101

103
100
102
100
100

105
101
100
98
102
100
99
99
99 ___________ _

192

165
185

93
103
1915__________________
1914_____ _ _ __ _____ __ _ _
89
100
100
100
1913_______ _ __ __ __ ____
1912 _________________________________________ _
_______________________________________ _

1911_~

1910 _________________________________________ _

1
I

10~>'1

1!i4
166

166

171
171

100

55.9

Total construction and equipment. Average for 5 geog,raphic divisions.


Electrical plant. _Average for 5 geographic divisions.

246
229
212
182
134
110

194
176
151
127
114
103 ___________ _

{-----------

------------ ------------

!:~~~~~:~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ : : : : : :

99

'Estimated by interpolation on the basis of movements in the Handy utility


building cost index.

Series H 74-79.-CONSTRUCTION-BUILDING PERMIT' INDEXES, NUMBER AND VALUE:


1856 TO 1939
NUMBER OF PERMITS (LONG),

Total, new
building

Residential

Nonresidential

74

75

76

---..,.------ ---------- ------------------- ---------- - - - - - - - ------------ ------------------32


35

----------

Newman

Long,
In current
In 1913
prices,
1930 =100
prices,
1920-1930 1913 =100
=100
77

78

78.8 ---------70,6 ---------67.0 ---------59.4 ----------

-------------------

39.8 -- - - - -- --21.4 ---------19.0


10.8
18,0
14.0
78.8
40.5

------------------22

------ -------------

23
15
15
20
43

18
7
7
10
31

28
23
22
29
52

1930 _____
1 929 _____
1928 _____
1 927. ____
1926 _____

48
67
89
102
128

32
54
87
101
133

80
93
106
122

100,0
187.3
199.1
214.4
239.6

56.5
100.3
114.3
118.5
130.9

87
149
170
176
194

1 925 _____
.1 924 _____
1 923 _____
1922 _____
1921. ____

144
139
133
112
81

164
149
143
123
75

128
129
121
103
83

252.3
213.3
212.7
167.6
107.6

137.7
119.9
116.3
94.4
61.1

205
173
167
151
90

172

YEAR

79

1 935 _____
1934 _____
1 933 _____
1932 _____
1931. ____

60

PERMIT VALUES

1920-1930 =100

Newman

YEAR

1939 _____
1938 _____
1937. __ -_
936 _____

NUMBER OF PERMITS (LONG),

PERMIT VALUES

1920-1930 =100

2"1
71

Total, new
building

Residential

Nonresidential

74

75

76

Long,
In current
In 1913
prices,
1930 =100
priees,
1920-1930 1913=100
=100
77

78

79

1920 _____
1919 _____
1918 _____
1917. ____
1916 _____

58
67
23
36
52

37
65
14
34
69

75
70
32
36
41

87.6
81. 9
24.1
49.7
74.2

50.9
47.9
14.5
26.2
37.2

58
70'
271
59
100

1915 _____
1914 _____
1913 _____
1912 _____
1911. ____

48
42
43
46
46

69
61
60
66

71

34
29
28
29
29

62.8
56.1
62.3
69.2
65.5

31.2
29,9
33.1
35,6
33.2

94
92
100
lOS104

1910 _____
1909 _____
1908 _____
1907 _____
1906 _____

46
46
37
39
42

72
79
60
65
72

28
20
19
21
21

64.9
65.6
57.6
50.4
57.9

34.5
38.8
27.3
31.4
34.6

109
125
89
98
109

1905 _____
1904 _____
1903 _____
1902 _____
1901. ____

39
29
24
22
23

66
48
36
33
36

20
17
16
14
13

56.1
41. 6
36.8
36.0
35.3

31.9
22.9
19.8
18.4
17.0

106
SO
71
69
6&

CONSTRUCTION

Series

Data: H 74-88

74-79.-CONSTRUCTION-BUILDING PERMIT INDEXES, NUMBER AND VALUE:


1856 TO 1939-Con.

NUMBER OF PERMITS (LONG),

Long,

Total, new
building

Residential

Nonresidential

74

75

76

1900 ___
1899 ___
1898 ___
189L __
1896 ___

17
24
20
26
25

28
38
36
55
49

1895 ___
1894 ___
1893 ___
1892 ___
189L __

27
24
26
35
30

1890 ___
1889 ___
1888 ___
1887 ___
1886 ___

In cur1930=100 rent prices,

In 1913
prices,
1913 ... 100

78

79

13

22.5
30.0
23.0
25.3
23.4

11.6
16.7
12.7
14.5
13.3

46
70
58
67
60

56
46
50
65
56

13
13
12
16
13

28.0
21.0
24.3
34.2
31.3

16.5
12.2
12.6
19.3
17.6

55

84
76

34
36
30
34
37

70
74
61
64
60

15
16
14
15
12

29.5
29.0
21.0
25.1
22.5

17.5
15.4
11.2
11.8
12.9

75
63
46
47
51

1885 ___
1884 __ ~
1883 ___
1882 ___
1881- __

33
27
24
20
18

53
42
37
30
27

12
11
10
9
9

19.5
17.3
17.1
16.5
15.3

11.2
10.5
10.4
8.9
6.7

47
44
39
33
27

1880 ___
1879 ___
1878 ___

14
19
19

19
23
26

8
12
10

11.5
8.9
6.1

5.4
4.1
4.0

22
19
17

Series

11

10

11

73
55

Total,new
building

Residential

Nonresidential

74

75

76

I. In cur-Newman

Long,

YEAR

1920-30
=100
77

1920-1930-100

II

Newman
YEAR

PERMIT VALUES

NUMBER OF PERMITS (LONG),

PERMIT VALUES

1920-1930=100

1913
1930=100 rent prices, In
prices,
1920-30
1913=100
=100
77

78

79

1877 _____
1876 _____

26
25

37
34

9
12

5.5
6.4

4;5
4.6

19
18

1875 _____
1874 _____
1873 _____
1872 _____
187L ____

29
30
47
52
62

41
41
58
58
78

12
13
26
37
26

7.5
8.4
12.6
14.1
21. 4

5,4

20

1870 _____
1869 ____ ~
1868 _____
1867 _____
1866 _____

52
54
47
38
29

64
66
56
44
31

26
26
26
26
28

1865 _____
1864 _____
1863 _____
1862 _____
186L ____

22
16
28
26
18

22
16
31
32
22

23 ---------16 ---------23 ---------12 ---------4 ----------

1860 _____
1859 _____
1858 _____
1857 _____
1856 _____

27
22
18
18
21

30
25
19
19
23

12
16
12
16
16

---------- ------------------- ---------------- --- ------------------- ---------17.5 ---------- - -- --- ---20.3 _.. -- ------ ---------17.4 ---------- ------------------- ---------- -------- ----------- ---------- ------------------- .. --.-------

--------- .. ------------------- ------------------- ------- .... ----------- ------------------- ---------- ------------------- ---- ------ ------------------- ---- ------ ------------------- ---- ------ -- ... -- ... ------------- - ... -- -- - -_ ... ----------

80.-CONSTRUCTION-EMPLOYMENT, AVERAGE OF MONTHLY AVERAGES OF


NUMBER OF PERSONS EMPLOYED FOR THE YEAR: 1929 TO 1945
[ In thousands 1
Number

YEAR

1945 _________________ ~_
1944 __________________ _
1943___________________ _
1942 _______ -___________ _
1941 __________________ _

Series

Number

YEAR

967
762
1,338
2,214
2,446

1940 _________________ _
1939 _________________ _
1938 _________________ _
1937 _________________ _
1936 _________________ _

1,916
1,909
1,524
1,778
1,763

1935 __________________ _
1934 __________________ _
1933 __________________ _
1932 ____________ " _____ _
193L _________________ _

81-83.-HoUSING-AVAILABLE HOUSING UNITS AND

Series

TOTAL FAMILIES, NONFARM AREAS: 1900 TO 1938

YEAll

(Jan. 1)

81

Total
nonfarm
families
82

Ratio of
families to
available
units
(percent)

YEAR

(Jan. 1)

83

Number

YEAR

1930 __________________ _
192'-- _____ -- --- ___ -- __

1,292
1,151
976
1,165
1,759

84-88.-HoUSING--

NONFARM

DWELL-

SUPPLY: 1900 TO 1939

Total
available
housing
units
81

Total
nonfarm
families
82

Ratio of
families to
available
units
- (percent)
83

[In thousands of units. For gross annual additions to supply see


series H 401

.
PERIOD

_1938 _____ I
1937 _____
1936 _____

25,779
25,494
25,302

25,832
25,377
24,922

100.21
99.54
98.50

1918 _____
1911- ____
1916 _____

17,451
17,117
16,714

16,809
16,323
15,872

96.32
95.36 94.96

1935.: ____
1934 _____
1933 _____
1932 _____
193L ____

25,252
25,248
25,213
25,078
24,858

24,467
23,952
23,601
23,510
23,303

96.89
94.87
93.61
93.75
93.74

1915 _____
1914 _____
1913 _____
1912 _____
191L ____

16,301
15,878
15,415
14,942
14,478

15,462
15,032
14,581
14,188
13,840

94.85
94.67
94.59
94.95
95.59

1930-1939_
1920-1929_
1910-1919_
1900-1909_

1930 _____
1929 _____
1928 _____
1921- ____
1926 _____

24,472
23,906
23,222
22,441
21,593

23,028
22,538
22,104
21,623
21,065

94.10
94.28
95.19
96.35
97.55

1910 _____
1909 _____
1908 _____
190L ____
1906 _____

13,964
13,480
13,074
12,647
12,231

13,477
13,052
12,761
12,289
11 ,855

96.51
96.82
97.61
97.17
96.93

1900-1939_

1925 _____
1924 _____
1923 _____
1922 _____
1921- ____

20,761
19,959
19,212
18,673
18,331

20,519
19,987
19,337
18,739
18,161

98.83
100.14
100.65
100.35
99.07

1905 _____
190L ____
1903 _____
1902 _____
190L ____

11 ,804
11 ,42611,077
10,758
10,497

11,494
11 ,199
10,849
10,519
10,264

97.37
98.01
97.94
97.78
97.78

1920 _____
1919 _____

17,978
17,677

17,529
17,078

97.50
96.61

1900 _____

10,285

10,025

97.47

Number Net numunits


ber of units
standing,
added
beginning
during
of decade decade 1
84

Average
(mean)

25,692
19,112
15,533
11,797

----------

New
units 1

Converted
units

Units
demolished
during
decade

85

86

87

88

4,014
6,580
3,579
3,736

3,686
7,035
3,890
3,952

725
125
103
81

397
580
414
; 297

4,477

4,641

259

422

UNITS BUILT
DURING DECADE

1 Includes makeshift units estimated at 952,000 during 1930-1939.


Number for previous decades not available.

173

I.

2,102
2,508

ING UNITS STANDING AND NET ADDITIONS TO

[ In thousands, except ratio 1

Total
available
housing
units

Number

YEAR

CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING

Data: H 89-127

Series H 89-112.-HOUSING-OCCUPIED DWELLING UNITS OR FAlvIILIES, AND TENURE


OF HOMES: 1890 TO 1945

1 Figure for 1945 is estimate as of November 1; figures for 1890 to 1940 are for decennial census dates .
These figures are not exactly comparable with 1940 since in 1940, 88,265 lirban-farm units were included in the farm rather than in the nonfarm figures. Furthermore, data for 1945 are based on a sample survey conducted by the Census Bureau in November 1945 in connection with Monthly Report on the Labor Force.
3 Revised.
4 Not available
5 Estimated; see text.
.

Series H 113-127.-NONFARM HOUSING CREDIT-ESTIMATED VOLUME OF HOME MORTGAGE


LOANS MADE AND OUTSTANDING, AND OF FORECLOSURES: 1925 TO 1945
[ All figures in millions of dollars, except number of foreclosures
MORTGAGE LOANS MADE ON ONE-TO-FOUR-FAMILY
NONFARM HOMES

Total

YEAR

Savings
and
loan
associations

Life insurance
companies

Mutual
savings
banks

Commercial
banks I

MORTGAGE LOANS OUTSTANDING ON ONE-TD-FOUR-FAMILY


NONFARM HOMES

HOLC

Individuals
and
others 2

Total

Savings
and
loan
associ ations

Life insurance
companies

Mutual
savings
banks

Commercial
banks I

HOLC

Individuals
and
others 2

Number
of
foreclosures

--------------------- --- --------- --- --- --118


120
121
122
123
124
125
126
116
117
119
127
113
114
115
- - ---- --- ------ ------ ------ --- --- -------~

1945 _______________
1944- ______________
1943" ______________
1942 _______________
194L ______________

4,701
3,830
3,183
3,155
3,810

1,913
1,454
1,184
1,051
1,379

209
300
272
374
371

184
140
120
130
171

840
601
515
606
798

4
31
54
40
63

1,551
1,304
1,038
954
1,028

19,991
19,528
19,542
19,908
20,095

5,376
4,799
4,584
4,556
4,552

2,258
2,458
2,410
2,255
1,976

2,530
2,570
2,660
2,700
2,730

2,575
2,410
2,450
2,480
2,470

852
1,091
1,338
1,567
1,777

6,400
6,200
6,100
6,350
6,590

14,436
17,547
25,699
42,::l31
59,036

1940 _______________
1939 _______________
1938 _______________
1937 ___ ___________
1936 _______________

3,290
2,873
2,455
2,499
2,158

1,200
986
798
897
755

324
274
242
232
140

133
112
105
120
100

689
610
560
500
430

143
151
81
27
128

801
740
669
723
605

19,103
18,216
17,646
17,344
17,225

4,084
3,758
3,555
3,420
3,237

1,758
1,490
1,320
1,246
1,245

2,700
2,680
2,670
2,700
2,750

2,095
1,810
1,600
1,400
1,230

1,956
2,038
2,169
2,398
2,763

6,510
6,440
6,332
6,180
6,000

76,011
100,961
118,505
151,366
185,439

1935 _______________
1934- ______________
1933 _______________
1932 _______________
193L ________ _____

2,011
3,070
865
1,092
2,175

564
451
414
543
892

77
16
10
54
169

80
80
99
150
350

264
583
2,263
110
132
110
170 -------364 --------

443
150
100
175
400

17,510
17,857
17,878
19,242
20,685

3,293
3,710
4,437
5,148
5,890

1,281
1,379
1,599
1,724
1,775

2,850
3,000
3,200
3,375
3,375

1,189
1,189
1,810
1,995
2,145

2,897
2,379
132

6,000
6,200
6,700
7,000
7,500

228,713
230,350
252,400
248,700
193,800

1930 _______________
1929 _______________
1928 _______________
1927 _______________
1926 _______________
1925 _______________

3,536
5,088
5,778
5,733
5,321
4,763

1,262
1,791
1,932
1,895
1,824
1,620

400
525
525
500
465
400

484
612
915
834
809
863

670 -------1,040 -------1,156_ -------1,144 -------943 -------760 --------

720
1,120
1,250
1,360
1,280
1,120

21,259
21,058
19,605
17,492
15,272
13,216

6,402
6,507
6,060
5,488
4,810
4,204

1,732
1,626
1,445
1,254
1,062
837

3,300
3,225
3,125
2,900
2,650
2,375

2,425
2,500
2,375
1,850
1,250
800

7,400
7,200
6,600
6,000
5,500
5,000

150,100
134,900
116,000
91,000
68,100

Includes loans made by trust departments of commercial banks.


2 Includes fiduciaries, trust departments of commercial banks, real estate and
ond companies, title and mortgage companies, philanthropic and educational
I

174

--------

--------------------------------------------------

1----____

institutions, fraternal organizations, construction companies, RFC Mortgage


Company, -etc.

HOUSING

Data: H 128-135

Series H 128-135.-NONFARM HODSINGCREDIT-SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATIONS:


1920 TO 1945
OPERATING OF SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATIONS

FAILURES, BUILDING AND LOAN


ASSOCIATIONS

Selected financial items (millions of dollars)


YEAR

Number
of
associations
128

Total
assets

Gross first
mortgage
loans

129

130

Thousands of dollars

First mOrtgage pledged


shares 1

Private
share
capital

Number
failed

Liabilities

Estimated
loss

131

132

133

134

135

1945 __________________________________________ _
1944 __________________________________________ _
1943 __________________________________________ _
1942 __________________________________________ _
1941 __________________________________________ _

6,149
6,279
6,498
6,540
6,905

8,747
7,458
6,604
6,109
6,011

5,521
4,983
4,793
4,783
4,798

145
183
209
227
246

7,365
6,305
5,494
4,910
4,652

1940 _________ '_________________________________ _


1939 __________________________________________ _
1938 __________________________________________ _
1937 __________________________________________ _
1936 __________________________________________ _

7,184
7,719
8,289
8,870
9,663

5,672
5,524
5,543
5,600
5,688

4,374
4,077
3,908
3,832
3,760

290
320
353
422
523

4,272
4,060
4,005
4,015
4,131

129
183
277
269
144

69,560
84,901
36,025
44,739
20,316

6,744
27,040
11 ,281
15,775
9,052

1935 __________________________________________ _
1934 __________________________________________ _
1933 _______________ .. __________________________ _
1932 __________________________________________ _
1931 __________________________________________ _

10,266
10,744
10,596
10,915
11,442

5,875
6,406
7,018
7,737
8,417

3,947
4,593
5,559
6,407
7,214

655
883
1,122
1,259
1,324

4,254
4,458
4,750
5,326
5,916

239
68
88
122
126

31,946
34,728
215,517
52,818
61,909

15,782
10,174
43,955
20,337
22,328

1930 __________________________________________ _
1929 ____________________ ~ _____________________ _
1928 __________________________________________ _
1927 __________________________________________ _
1926_____________ ____________________________ '

11 ,777
12,342
12,666
12,804
12,626

8,829
8,695
8,016
7,179
6,334

7,760
7,791
7,267
6,586
5,842

1,358
1,284
1,207
1,098
1,032

6,296
6,237
5,762
5,027
4,378

80,438
190
159 -----------23 -----------21 -----------12 ------------

24,676
2,313
568
1,013
381

1925 __________________________________________ _
1924 __________________________________________ _
1923 __________________________________________ _
1922 __________________________________________ _
1921 ____ .. _____________________________________ _

12,403
11 ,844
10,744
10.009
9,255

5,509
5,085
881
4,289
4,766
770
3,943
3,549
632
3,343
3,009
541
2,891 ------------ ------------

3,811
3,153
2,626'
2,210
1,965

26 -----------18 -----------9 -----------4 -----------6 ------------

500
398
133
159
92

1920 _____________________' _____________________ _

8,633

2,520

1,741

2 ------ ------

------------ ------------

0 ------------ -----------2,503
5
155
1,484
11
261
8,919
18
1,789
8,576
1,052
44

Mortgage loans made on one-to-four family nonfarm homes.

175

Chapter J. Manufactures (Series J 1-180)


General Statistics: Series J 1-12

materials from the value of products, is almost free of such duplication.


There have been changes in scope from one Census of Manufactures to another. Data from the last previous census are usually
retabulated to make them as comparabie as possible with the more
recent census. Unless the change is to omit an entire industry for
which separate tabulations are available during each census, these
changes in scope usually are not carried back through more than
the one previous census. For two major changes, the exclusion of
hand and neighborhood industries after 1899 and the exclusion of
plants with an annual products of $500 to $5,000 after 1914, it has
been necessary to show, insofar as possible, data on two bases for
the terminal year.

J 1-12. General statistics for all manufacturing industries, 18491939. SOURCE: Bureau of the Census, Sixteenth Census of the
United States (1940), Manufactures, 1939, vol. I, tables 2 and 4,
pp. 19-,-20; Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1946, table 923,
p. 809. For "factories and hand and neighborhood industries,"
data for 1849-1899 are for all establishments with products valued
at $500 or more. For "factories excluding hand and neighborhood
industries," data for 1914-1939 are for establishments reporting
products to the value of $5,000 or more. Limited data collected in
1921, 1923, and 1925, from establishments with products valued at
less than $5,000, show that (except for the number of establishments) the change in the minimum value-of-products limit did not
materially impair the comparability of the data over time.
Indexes of Production: Series J 13-48
The basic source of comprehensive data on manufacturing proJ 13. Index of manufacturing production 1899-1939. Base: 1899
duction has been the Census of Manufactures conducted by the
=100. SOURCE: For 1899-1937, see Fabricant, Solomon, The OutBureau of .the Census. This census was taken decennially from
1849 to 1899, for each fifth year thereafter through 1919, and bi- put of Manufacturing Industries, 1899-1937, National Bureau of
ennially from 1921 through 1939. During the recent war years the Economic Research, New York, 1940, table 1, p. 44; for 1938Census of Manufactures was abandoned as directed by Executive 1939, see same author, Employment in anufacturing, 1899-1939,
Order No. 9152 in the interests of more important work related to National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, 1942, p. 331.
The index for census years has been constructed from basic data
the Nation's war effort.
Conceptually an establishment (series J 1) is a geographically in the U. S. Census of Manufactures and other sources. (Details of
isolated manufacturing unit maintaining independent bookkeeping method are described in chapter 2 and appendix A of the souroe
records, regardless of its managerial or financial affiliations. An volume cited first above.) Interpolations for intercensal years are
establishment-which may be a single plant or a group of closely based on annual indexes, less comprehensive in coverage, computed
located plants operated by a single plant or a group of closely by Mills, F. C., Economic Tendencies in the United States, National
located plants operated by a single company without separate Bureau of Economic Research, New York, 1932, p.563; Persons,
records .lor each---is the basic reporting unit. In addition, the es- W. M., Forecasting Business Cycles, John Wiley and Sons, New
tablishment is the basic unit of industrial classification, being York, 1931, p. 171; Stewart, W. W., "An Index Number of Proassigned to an industry on the basis of its reported product of duction," American Economic Review, March 1921; and the Board
of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Federal Reserve
chief value.
The 1939 Census of Manufactures questionnaire for the first Bulletin, August 1940.
J 14. Index of manufacturing production, 1863-1930. Base:
time called for personnel employed in distribution, construction,
etc., separately from the manufacturing employees of the plants. 1909-1913=100. SOURCE: Persons, Warren M., Forecasting BusiTherefore, the data for earlier years shown for series J 3 and J 4 ness Cycles, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1931, table 12, pp.
probably are not strictly comparable with those for 1939. It is not 170-171. This index is a weighted average of a number of leading
known how many of the wage earners and the salaried employees manufactured commodities as follows: 6 in 1863:--1867; 12 in 1867reported at previous censuses were engaged in distributio~ and 1874; 21 in 1875-1899; and 30 in 1899-1930. For further details,
construction, and how many were engaged in manufacturing. see pp. 173-177 of the source.
J 15-29. Physical output, indexes for major groups of manufac~
Wage earners include working foremen and "gang and straw
bosses"; foremen whose duties are primarily supervisory are classi- turing industries, 1899-1939. Base: 1929=100. SOURCE: For. 18991937 data, see Fabricant, Solomon, The Output of Manufacturing
fied as salaried employees.
Figures for the cost of materials, fuel, etc. (series J 8), represent Industries, 1899-1937. National Bureau of Economic Research,
actual consumption during the year, not purchases made within New York, 1940, table 5, pp. 60-61; for 1939 data, see same author,
the year. The cost of materials does not include replacements or Employment in Manufacturing, 1899-1939, National Bureau of
construction material charged to capital accounts. It represents not Economic Research, New York, 1942, appendix F. These indexes
only new and semi-manufactured materials, but also certain com- cover only those years beginning with 1899 in which the Census of
modities (e. g., textiles, flour, and wire) which in some cases are Manufactures was taken, namely quinquennially to 1919 and bisold to individual consumers as finished products, when they are ennially thereafter. Because of inadequacy of data for most groups,
no attempt was made to interpolate between intercensal years.
used as materials for further processing.
Value of products (series J 9) are selling values at the factory or (For details of method of construction see chapter 2 and appendix
plant of all commodities produced, whether sold, transferred to A of source volume cited first above.)
J 30-48. Manufacturing production, indexes by groups, 1919other plants, or in stock. Because of duplication, that is, the use of
the products of some establishments as materials in others, value 1945. Base: 1935-1939 average = 100. SOURCE: For 1919-1942, see
of product is not always a satisfactory measure of the importance Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Federal Reserve
of a given industry. The net value of all manufactured products, Bulletin, October 1943, pp. 964-984; for 1943, see same, April 1944,
exclusive of such duplication, is estimated to have been approxi- pp. 384-385; for 1944-1945, see same, April 1946, pp. 422-423~
mately two-thirds of the gross value for 1929. Value added by About 100 individual series are used in constructing these indeKes,
manufacture (series J 10), obtained by subtracting the cost of which are computed monthly both with and without seasonal arl-

176

INDEXES OF PRODUCTION
justment. Some of the individual series are based on production
data, others relate to consumption or shipments, machinery-hours
active or man-hours worked. In a number of instances man-hours
worked' are adjusted to allow for broad changes in output per manhour. Many of the other series are adjusted to more accurate
physical volume figures not available monthly. For weights and
data used and description of method, see Federal Reserve Bulletin,
October 1943, pp. 953-957.

Text: J 30-173

between factory costs and cost to the industrial purchaser, and


Census underenumeration.

Physical Output of Specific Commodities:


Series J 152-180

J 152-164. Physical output (census years) of selected manufactured commodities, 1899-1939. SOURCE: For 1899-1937, see Fabricant, Solomon, The Output of Man'ufacturing Industries, 18991937, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, 1940,
Value of Output: Series J 49-148
pp. 395, 480, 481, 489, 490, 506, 517, 518, 522, and 574; for 1939
J 49-96. Value of output of finished products and construction figures, see Bureau of the Census, Sixteenth Census of the United
materials at producers' current prices, 1919-1933. SOURCE: Kuz- . States (1940), Manufactures, 1939, vol. II, parts 1 and 2. The source
nets, Simon, Commodity Flow and Capital Formation, National of these data is the Census of Manufactures, supplemented where
Bureau of Economic Research, New York, 1938, vol. I, tables II-3 necessary by statistics from other sources. The data on rayon yarns
and VI-I, pp. 136-138 and 348. These estimates are derived from (series J 153) comes from the Censuses of 1927 and 1931 to 1939,
Census of Manufactures data, supplemented by less complete data and the Textile Economics Bureau, Inc., Rayon Organon, for other
for nonmanufactured finished commodities and construction ma- years; they relate to production of rayon filament yarn and rayon
terials, and for intercensal year interpolations. The estimates of staple fiber exclusively, and take no account of waste and other
finished commodities measure the value of commodities that have minor primary rayon items. In respect to the series on refrigerators
reached the form in which they are used by ultimate recipients- (J 164), data on gas refrigerators were obtained from the Statistical
largely households in the case of consumers' goods, chiefly business Department of the American Gas Association, and on electric reand public enterprises in the case of producers' goods. Unfinished frigerators from Air Conditioning and Refrigeration News and Eleccommodities and finished commodities that are used as materials in trical Merchandising. The figures relate to sales, not production.
manufacturing other products, such as flour used by manufactur- Data on refrigerators for more recent years are available in the
ing bakeries, are omitted in order to avoid duplication in measur- above publications.
ing the national economy's end-product. The estimates presented
J 165-180. Physical output (annual data) of selected manufachere exclude transportation and distribution costs, and hence are tured commodities, 1840-1945. SOURCE: Bureau of the Census,
not in terms of prices to final users. Nor do they measure domestic Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1947 and earlier issues. See
consumption, for they make no allowance for either imports or also detailed listings below.
inventory changes.
J 165-169. Steel ingots and castings production, 1867-1945.
J 97-148. Value of output of finished commodities and conSOURCE: The series are those of the American Iron and Steel Instruction materials at producers' current prices, 1869-1919.
stitute as presented in the Statistical Abstract, 1908 to 1947
SOURCE: Shaw, William H., Value of Commodity Output since
(various issues). Beginning in 1934, the figures include only that
1869, NationalJ3ureau of Economic Research, New York, 1947,
part of steel for c~stings which was made in foundries producing
table I-I, pp.30-65. The procedures used in making these estisteel ingots.
mates are similar to those used for series J 49-96, although based,
J 170. Rolled iron and steel production, 1885-1945. SOURCE:
. necessarily, on less adequate information.
For 1885-1929, see Burns, Arthur F., Production Trends in the
United States Since 1870, National Bureau of Economic Research,
Capital Expenditures: Series J 149-151
New York, 1934, p. 300; for 1930-1945, see Statistical Abstract,
J 149-151. New manufacturing capital expenditures for plant 1947, table 969, p. 867. 'J;'he basic sources of this series are the
and equipment, 1915-1940. SOURCE: Chawner, Lowell J., "Capital annual reports of the American Iron and Steel Institute. The figures
Expenditures for Manufacturing Plant and Equipment-1915 to include rails, plates and sheets, merchant bar and skelp production,
1940," Department of Commerce, Survey of Current Business, wirerods, and structural shapes.
J 171. Leaf tobacco consumed in manufacturing. 1880-1945.
March 1941, p. 10. The plant expenditures (series J 150) refer to
buildings (including heating, plumbing, and similar accessory SOURCE: For 1880-1929, see Burns, Arthur F., Production Trends
equipment), and other fixed structures such as vats, blast furnaces, in the United States Since 1870, National Bureau of Economic Reand docks. The estimates of factory building construction are based search, New York, 1934, p. 300; for 1930-1945, see Statistical
primarily on F. W. Dodge Corporation contract awards adjusted Abstract, 1947, table 930, p. 844. Primary source of data is the
upward on the basis of information from other sources to take care Annual Rep01't of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue. The figures
of underenumeration and regions not covered by the Dodge reports. represent the equivalent in unstemmed leaf tobacco of stemmed
Estimates of plant construction other than buildings were derived leaf or scraps, cuttings, and clippings. The tobacco used in the
by allocating to manufacturing capital a portion of the value of the manufacture of cigars imd cigarettes was converted on the basis
products included as reported by the Bureau of the Census. The of 3 pounds of stemmed leaf or scraps, etc., to 4 pounds of
absolute magnitude of this series depends in an important degree unstemmed beginning 1915 (conversion prior to 1915 was at ratio
upon allowances for mark-up and for installation and transporta- of 3 to 5) and of tobacco and snuff beginning 1903. Data exclude
tobacco used in bonded manufacturing warehouses.
tion costs, and allowances for under-reporting.
The equipment expenditures (series J 151) refer to movable , J 172. Fermented malt liquor production, 1870-1945. SOURCE:
equipment, and are based on Census of Manufactures data. Prior For 1870-1929, see Burns, Arthur F., Production Trends in the
to 1923 allowance was made for under-reporting. Those items not United States Since 1870, National Bureau of Economic Research,
used entirely in manufacturing were allocated on the basis of data New York, 1934, p. 292; for 1933-1938, see Statistical Abstract,
from trade associations and specialists in the various machinery 1942, table 920, p. 944; for 1939-1945, see Statistical Abstract, 1946,
industries. For 1923 and subsequent years, intercensal year inter- table 954, p. 859. The primary source of this series is the Annual
polations were made on the basis of a Bureau of Labor Statistics Report of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue.
J 173. Distilled spirits production, 1870-1941. SOURCE: For 1870index of pay rolls of industrial-machinery manufacturers. For the
intercensal years between 1914 and 1919, estimates were made by 1929, see Burns, Arthur F., Production Trends in the United States
using annual reports from 5 States. The series was then adjusted Since 1870, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York,
for imports and exports, inventory changes, for the differences 1934, p. 292; for 1930-1933, see Statistical :Abstract, 1936, table 804,

177

Text: J

17~180

MANUFACTURES

p. 787; for 1934-1941, see Statistical Abstract, 1942, table 920,


p. 944. The primary source of this series is the Annual Report oj
the Commissioner oj Internal Revenue. The figures include industrial
alcohol. Figures for 1942-1945 are not shown because they exclude
ethyl alcohol and are therefore not comparable with those in this
series.
J 174. Cigarette productio.n, 1880-1945. SOURCE: For 18801929, see Burns, Arthur F., Production Trends in the United States
Since 1870, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York,
1934, p. 298; for 1930-1934, see Statistical Abstract, 1936, table.
801, p. 786; for 1935-1945, see Statistical Abstract, 1947, table 931,
p. 845. The primary source of this series is the Annual Report oj the
Commissioner oj Internal Revenue.
J 175. Cottonseed oil production, 1919-1945. SOURCE: Bureau
of the Census, Bulletin 183, Cotton Production and Distribution,
1946, table 30, p. 57. These figures relate to the year ending July 31
J 176. Wool consumed in manufactures, scoured basis, 19221945. SOURCE: Statistical Abstract, 1946, table 739, p. 655. The
primary source of these data is the Bureau of the Census.

J 177-178. r,,1en's and women's leather shoe production, 1899"7"


1945. SOURCE: Statistical Abstract (various issues) 1929-1946; Fabricant, Solomon, The Output of Manufacturing Industries, 18991937, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, 1940,
p. 474. The data have been compiled by the Bureau of the Census
since 1925 from monthly reports of manufactures. Figures show
thousands of pairs of leather uppers for men's and women's shoes.
They do not include youth's and boy's, misses', children's, infants',
athletic; part leather, or nonleather shoes.

J 179. Cotton consumed in manufacturing (including linters),


1840-1945. SOURCE: Bureau of the Census, Bulletin 183, Cotton
Production and Distribution, 1946, table 16, p. 31, and table 13,
p. 26. Data include linters for the period 1909-1945; data prior to
1909 are exclusive of linters.
J 180. Active cotton system spindles consuming cotton, 18401945. SOURCE: Bureau of the Census, Bulletin 183, Cotton Production and Distribution, 1946, table 16, p. 31.

'I

178

____________________________________G_E_N_E_R_A
__
L_S_T_A_T_I_S_T_I_C_S___________________________D
__
at__
a:Jl-14

Series J 1-12.-MANUFACTURES--GENERAL STATISTICS FOR ALL MANUFACTURING


IND USTRIES: 1849 TO 1939
[Data for 1849-1914 include all establishments having products valued at $500 or more; for 1914-1939, those having products valued at $5,000 ~r more. While
the data have been adjusted for the principal changes in the scope of the Census of Manufactures, such as the omission of entire industries, it has not been possible to carry through all adjustments for minor change.]
PERSONS ENGAGED

Number
Proprieof
estabtors and
lishments
firm
members

YEAR

----

----

Salaried
officers
and
employers

Wage
earners
(average for
year)

Total

Salaries

Wages

Cost of
materials,
fuel, etc. 12

Factories excluding hand and neighborhood industries


1939 ______
1937 ______
1935 ______
1933 ______
1931. _____

HORSEPOWER 4
(THOUSANDS)

COST AND VALUE


(THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS)

SALARIES AND WAGES


(THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS)

Value
of
products 2,

Value added
by
manufacture 3

Prime
movers

Motors
run by
purchased
energy

10

11

12

29,213

184,230
166,794
167,916
139,325
171,450

123,655
99,268
81,521
72,267

1,048,607
1,217,171
1,058,501
10 770,314

11 ,630 ,298
12,829,749
9,564,754
6,237,800 10
(II)

2,540,357 9,089,941
2,716,866 10,112,883
2,253,425 7,311 ,329
1,297,654 4,940,146
(11)
6,688,541

r, 32 , 1 60 . 107
635,539,333
626,441,145
16,549,788
21,229,356

56,843,025
60,712,872
44,993,699
30,557,328
39,829,888

7 24,682 ,918
725,173 ,539
718,552,553
14,007,540
18,600,532

21,239

(11)

7,886,567
8,569,231
7,203,794
5,787,611
6,163,144

(8)

(8)

1929 ______ 206,663


1927 ______ 187,629
1925 ______ 183,877
1923.._____ 192,096
1921. _____ 192,059

132,686
132,151
132,971
147,958
172,291

1,290,037
1,223,982
1,186,362
1,280,488
1,081,890

8,369,705
7,848,070
7 ;871 ,409
8,194,170
6,475,474

14,284,282
13,123,135
12,732,194
12,996,460
9,870,199

3,399,363 10,884,919
3,023,670 10,099,465
2,752,545 9,979,649
2,847,836 10,148,624
2,418,900 7,451,299

37,402,606
34,010,075
35,141,601
33,611,809
24,397,078

67,994,041
60,335,469
60,809,225
58,181,296
41,649,853

30,591,435
26,325,394
25,667,624
24,569,487
17,252,775

19,328
18,902
19,243
(8)
(8)

21,794
18,224
15,116
(8)
(8)

249,881

1,371 ,888
(11)

12,373,907

2,762,905

911 ,853
750,537
493,297
348,100

8,423,964
6,475,567
6,603,063
6,262,242
5,181,660
4,501,919.

9,611 ,002

(11)

258,565
272,426
225,115

5,116,361
4,106,201
2,990,924
2,258,654

1,333,717
900,654
550,073
366,080

3,782,644
3,205,548
2,440,851
1,892,574

36,229,015
13,811,541
13,891,441
11,783,160
8,233,790
6,385,970

59,964,027
23,050,316
23,277,631
19,945,249
14,252,961
11,032,951

23,735,012
9,238,775
9,386,190
8,162,089
6,019,171
4,646,981

17,917
16,393
12,605
9,633

1919 ______
1914 12 ____
1914 13 ____
1909 ______
1904 ______
1899 ______

210,268
173,588
268,450
264,826
213,444
204,750

(11)

(14)

(11)

(11)

(11)

Factories and hand and neighb0rhood


1899 ______
1889 ______
1879 ______
1869 ______
1859 ______
1849 ______

512,191 --------- ----------355,405 --.------- ----------253,852 --------- ----------252,148 --------- ----------140,433 --------- ----------123,025 --------- -----------

5 ;306 ,143 ------------ ------------ 2,320,938


4,251,535 ------------ ------------ 1,891,220
2,732,595 - - - - - - - - - - - - ------------ 15 947,954
2,053,996 ------------ ------------ 15 620,467
378,879
1,311 ,246 ------------ -----------236,755
957,059 ------------ ------------

Comprises cost of materials, supplies, fuel, and purchased electric energy.


For limitations of Value of Products data, see text, p. 176.
Value of products less cost of materials, supplies, fuel, and purchased energy.
4 Rated capacity of horsepower equipment.
5 The figures for 1899 to 1929, inclusive, have been revised by the deduction of
the data for railroad repair shops (both steam and electric), for the industries
"coffee and spice, roasting and grinding," "flax and hemp, dressed," "gas, manufactured, illuminating and heating," and "peanuts, walnuts, and other nuts, processed or shelled," and also for "motion pictures, not including projection in
theaters," where the figures had not been previously deducted. The figures for the
"automobile repairing" industry also have been deducted from the statistics for
1914 and 1919, the only years for which this industry was canvassed. For 1914 not
every item was tabulated separately for establishments reporting products valued
at less than $5,000 and therefore the information necessary for making such adjustments was not available in all cases.
1
2
3

(8)
(9)
(8)

(8)
(9)

(8)

19,432

8,965

(11)

(11)

3,765
1,669
428
178

ind~stries

7,343,628
5,162,014
15 3,396,824
IS 1,990,742
1,031,605
555,124

13,000,149
9,372,379
5,369,579
15 3,385,860
1,885,862
1,019,107

15

5,656,521 --------- --------4,210,365 ------- -- -- ------1,972,756 --------- --------1,395,119 ---- .. ---- --------854,257 ------- -- --------463,983 --------- ---------

6 Includes cost of contract work.


1 Value of products less cost of materials, supplies, fuel, purchased electric
energy, and contract work. Not strictly comparable with figures for years prior
to 1935.
8 Not called for on schedule.
9 Figures not available.
10 Not includinlt data for salaried officers of corporations and their salaries and
therefore not strictly comparable with figures for other years.
11 No data.
12 Includes establishments having products valued at $5,000 or more.
18 Includes establishments having products valued at $500 or more.
14 No comparable data.
15 Reduced to gold basis.

Series J 13-14.-MANUFACTURING PRODUCTION-INDEXES OF TOTAL PRODUCTION:


1863 TO 1939
[ NBER. 1899=100. Persons. 1909-1913=-100 J
INDEXES OF MANUFACTURING PRODUCTION
YEAR

1939 ______
1938 ______
1937 ______
1936 ______
1935 ______
1934 ______
1933 ______
1932 ______
1931. _____
1930 ______
1929 ______
1928 ______
1927 ______
1926 ______
1925 ______
1924 ______

WMP2

NBERI

WMP2

13

14

13

14

301 ---------252 ---------228 ---------197 ---------262 ---------311


364
332
317
316
298
266

153.3
192.9
181.5
173.9
178.7
175.1
156.4

1923 _______
1922 ____ '- __
1921. ______

280
249
194

169.8
143.1
108.1

1920 _______
1919 _______
1918 _______
1917. ______
1916 _______

242
222
254
257
259

139.7
131. 7
134.8
137.1
136.0

1915 _______
1914. ______
1913 _______
1912 _______
1911. ______

218
186
198
185
161

114.1
102.1
111.1
106.9
92.4

1910 _______
1909 _______
1908 _______

168
158
133

96.0
93.6
76.1

NBER

13

14

Index of
mfg. production,

YEAR

WMP2
14

1907. ______
1906 _______

161
159

91.2
91. 8

1892 _______
1891. ______

48.6
48.4

1877 _______
1876 _______

19.1
16.9

1905 _______
1904 _______
1903 _______
1902 _______
1901. ______

148
124
132
129
115

86.4
73.7
74.9
73.7
67.6

1890 _______
1889 _______
1888 _______
1887 _______
1886 _______

44.3
41. 5
37.3
36.6
35.2

1875 _______
1874 _______
1873 _______
1872 _______
1871. ______

16.9
17.5
17.9
18.3
14.9

1900 _______
102
1899 _______
100
1898 _______ ---------1897. ______
---------1896 _______ ----------

61.0
6().4
57.3
53.0
47.2

1885 _______
1884 _______
1883 _______
1882 _______
1881. ______

29.7
30.8
30.6
30.9
27.4

1870 _______
1869 _______
1868 _______
1867 _______
1866 _______

13.7
14.0
11.5
11.8
11.4'

1895 _______
1894. ______ ---------1893 _______ ----------

51.4
42.2
43.0

1880 _______
1879 _______
1878 _______

27.0
21. 7
20.0

1865 _______
1864 _______
1863 _______

8.5
8.7
7.5

National Bureau of Economic Research index of physical output, all manuactUl"ing industries.
1

14

YEAR

YEAR

NBERI

374 ---------295 ---------376 ---------353 ----------

WMP2

Index of
mfg. production,
WMP2.

INDEXES OF MANUFACTURING PRODUCTION

INDEXES OF MANUFACTURING PRODUCTION


YEAR

----------

2 Warren M. Persons, index Elf physical production of manufacturing.

179

Data: J 15-48

MANUFACTURES
OUTPUT-It~DEXES

Series J 15-29.-PHYSICAL

FOR MAJOR GROUPS OF MAl--JUFACTURI:t<rG


INDUSTRIES (NBER): 1899 TO 1939

[ 1929 =100. Total includes machinery and miscellaneous products, for which there are no adequate quantity data for any period listed
Total,
manufacturing

YEAR

Foods

-----15
16
---- -----1939 _____
1931- ____
__
1933 _____
1931. ____

103
83
63
72

111
104
92
82
91

1929 _____
1927 _____
1925 _____
1923 _____
1921. ____

100
87
82
77
54

100
90
85
80
64

1919 _____
1914 _____
1909 _____
1904 _____
1899 _____

61
51
43
34
28

65
53
45
37
30

1~35---

(2)

Beverages 1

Tobacco
products

Textile
products

Leather
products

Paper
products

17

18

19

20

21

108
100
70
17

------------------------------------------23
76
63
55
43

Printing Chemiand
cal
publish- products
ing
22

PetroStone,
leum and clay, and
Forest
coal
glass
products
products products

23

24

Tran{!iNonferrous portation
equipmetal
ment
products

Iron
and
steel
products

26

25

28

27

29

120
117
101
88
93

119
106
99
85
87

108
108
100
86
80

131
122
102
84
86

97
102
87
72
84

133
124
101
84
87

121
114
92
78
84

98
100
69
47
67

80
76
59
46
S3

82
89
61
45
54

100
90
81
74
66

100
94
86
82
64

100
97
85
95
75

100
89
77
70
50

100
90
82
73
52

100
83
70
64
42

100
83
75
64
41

100
100
91

100
99
103
91
83

100
87
87
84
46

:::::;~:I

69
53
43
37
30

67
72
60
48
38

90
81
83
74
64

53
46
37
26
18

54
47
36
26
17

52
42
31
23
19

39
21
16
10.2
8.7

79
82
83
76
82

59
48
44
29
21

--------.. ------------------------- ----

---------

-----------------------------------------

---------

89
89
66
47
64

74)
91
72
33
46

100
68
76
76
38
' 61
20
10.7
7.5
7.3

The index for beverages is on the 1937 base.


Not shown in source volume computed to 1929 base. Index number for 1929 and 1939 on 1899 base are shown in source volume as 364 and 374, respectively.

Series J 30-48.-MANUFACTURING PRODUCTION-INDEXES BY GROUPS (FEDERAL RESERVE


BOARD): 1919 TO 1945
[ 1935-1939 average=100. For F.ederal Reserve Board indexes for minerals, see series G 6-8 I
DURABLE MANUFACTURES

YEAR

Total,
manufac- Total,
tures durable

Iron
and
steel

Machinery

NonTrans- ferrous
portametal
tion
and
equipprodment
ucts

NONDURABLE MANUFACTURES

Lum- Stone,
clay,
ber
and
and
glass
prodproducts ' ucts

Total,
nondurable 1

Textiles
and
products

Manufac-.
Leather and tured
prodfood
products
ucts

Alcoholic
beverages

Tobacco
products

Paper
and
products

petro-I
leum ChemPrintingand and
icai
pubcoal
products
liljhing products

Rubber
products

- -- - - -- ---- ------ --- --------- --- --- --- --- --------- --37
41
30
31
32
34
36
38
39
40
41
42
43
45
46
48
33
35
44
--- - - - - - -- - --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ------ --1945 ____
1944 ____
1943 ____
1942 ____
1941. ___

214
252
258
212
168

274
353
360
279
201

183
206
208
199
186

343
439
443
340
221

487
719
735
464
245

204
259
267
214
191

109
125
129
134
134

163
164
173
168
162

166
171
176
158
142

146
148
153
157
152

117
113
114
122
123

150
152
145
134
127

178
144
117
118
117

136
125
133
131
120

139
139
139
142
150

108
101
111
115
127

235
247
185
147
135

284
324
384
278
176

215
234
228
172
163

1940 ____
1939 ____
1938 ____
1937 ____
Hi36 ____

126
109
87
113
104

139
109
78
122
108

147
114
68
123
114

136
104
82
126
105

145
103
72
123
110

139
113
80
122
104

116
106
90
113
105

124
114
92
114
103

115
109
95
106
100

114
112
85
106
104

98
105
93
102
103

113
108
101
103
98

101
98
96
108
109

109
106
102
103
99

123
114
95
107
98

112
106
96
109
99

120
110
100
108
97

130
112
96
112
99

123
113
83
104
107

1935 ____
1934 ____
1933 ____
1932 ____
1931. ___

87
74
68
57
75

83
65
54
41
67

81
61
54
32
61

83
69
50
43
66

93
69
48
38
62

80
62
60
52
83

85
64
63
51
76

77
64
54
51
77

90
81
79
70
79

93
76
88
71
79

99
91
88
76
82

89
88
83
79
90

89
74

-------------------

90
87
80
79
87

86
75
76
65
74

89
80
75
74
88

85
79
74
69
80

89
83
76
68

78

93
86
77
64
72

1930 ____
1929 ____
1928 ____
1927____
1926 ____

90
110
99
94
95

98
132
117
107
114

97
133
121
108
115

100
130
106
99
102

91
134
108
89
109

106
136
118
108
113

105
146
142
144
148

96
110
110
106
105

84
93
85
83
79

74
94
87
92
84

84
95
93
94
90

100
101
93
88
87

93
96
92
90
88

79
85
79
74
72

97
104
96
93
92

89
96
87
78
76

87
89
78
73
70

78
100
98
83
80

1925 ____
1924 ____
1923 ____
1922 ____
1921. ___

90
81
86
74
56

107
95
103
81
53

108
90
109
85
48

89
81
86

106
94
110

104
93
90

148
139
143

101
91
87
73
58

76
69
72
67
57

84
72
83
79
69

88
86
99
93
82

85
81
82
77
68

85
83
84
77
74

66
61
58

84
79
74

69
59
56

63
56
57

81
66

1920 ____
1919 ____

74
72

93
84

102
84

61
50

60
62

67
73

86
94

69
77

------ ------------ --- ... -------- -----'---- ... -- -------

------- ------------- ------------- ------------- -------

-------

-------------------

-------

-------------------------------------------

75
72

------- ------- ------ ..


------- ------- ------------- ------- ------------- ------- -------

Beginning January 1942 includes industrial alcohol produced in the alcoholic beverage industry. Figures not available for publication separately.

180

63

.. -- .. -_ .. --------- --_ .. --------- --_ ... ---- ... -... -- --_ ... - .. -----

VALUE OF OUTPUT

Data: J 49:-96

Series J 49-96.-VALUE OF OUTPUT-FINISHED PRODUCTS AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS


AT PRODUCERS' CURRENT PRICES (KUZNETS): 1919 TO 1933
[ In thosands of dollars J
PERISHABLE

Grand
total, all

co~:~~it~es I

YEAR

Food and kindred


products
Total,
peru,hable

Cigars,
cigarettes,
and tobacco

Magazines,
Fuel and lighting
newspapers,
products
Drug,
stationery
toilet, and and supplies,
Manuhousehold
and misc.
factured and
preparations
Coa
paper
petroleum
products
products

Manufactured

Nonmanufactured

50

51

52

53

1933 ______________________________ 18,202,800


1932 _ ___ __ _ _ ____ ____ ____ __ ___ ___ __ 17,493,885
1931_ ___ _ __ _ ____ __ __ ____ ___ ___ ____ 23,948,785

10,361,309
10,313,966
12,765,505

5,600,036
5,265,830
6.,866,542

1,465,017
1,490,473
1,877,422

917,069
1,013,720
1,163,001

731,664
718,823
918,791

645,526
680,666
806,717

745,974
871 ,457
773,912

198,282
209,529
290,470

1930 ___________ - __ - - _- __________ - _


1929_c ____________________________
1928 ____ - ______ - __ - - _ - _- - - - - - - - - - 1927 ______________________________
1926 __________ - - __ - - ___ ____ _ _____ _

31,261,054
38,107,269
35 , 884 ,348
34,238,866
35,577,868

15,945,104
17,796,692
17,034,384
16,338,145
16,839,947

8,730,123
8,769,316
9,398,114
9,120,362
9,371 ,696

2,576,670
2,866,964
2,751,276
2,643,774
2,671,427

1,149,822
1,252,466
1,176,945
1,172,674
1,135,127

1,009,340
1,112,272
1,051,537
957,336
895,062

918,538
998,814
926,506
894,794
872,892

1,115,329
1,318,436
1,228,690
1,022,246
1,306,633

366,321
412,250
416,413
452,490
513,433

1925_ ___ ___ _ _ ______ _ ___ _ __ _ __ ___ __


1924 _________ - _ - - - - - - - _ ___ __ _ _____
1923_ ___ ___ _ _ ______ __ _ ___ ___ ___ ___
1922 ________ - - - - __ - - - - - - _ - - - - - - - ~ _
1921- ___ - ____ - - _ - - - - __ - - - - - - - - - - __

33,779,341
30,767,875
31,841,221
26,960,812
25,583,783

15,907,486
14,793,254
14,323,730
13,278,094
13,270,609

9,076,097
8,413,341
7,986,037
7,245,858
7,022,262

2,484,465
2,278,762
2,279,232
2,248,309
2,594,148

1,102,096
1,080,737
1,057,691
1,009,148
1,060,436

880,264
819,805
794,749
708,781
636,137

848,973
792,104
778,764
693,645
650,186

1,062,734
837,903
800,388
9.52,310
766,301

383,535
508,231
562,680
363,935
487,270

1920 ______________________________ 37,615,527


1919 ___ - - _____ - - - - - - - - ____ - _- - - _- _ 34,548,704

18,753,483
17,446,883

11 ,186 ,468
11 ,089 ,628

2,777,447
2,715,425

1,203,880
1,015,535

877,441
775,800

951,227
636,139

1,130,805
730,582

556,763
419,537

Shoes and
other
footwear

Misc. house
furnishings

Toys,
games, and
sporting
goods

Tires
and
tubes

Total,
consumers'
durable

Household
furniture

Stoves,
ranges, and
water
heaters

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

49

54

CONSUMERS'

SEMI-DURABLE

YEAR

Total, semidurable

58

and
Dry goods Clothing
personal
and notions
furnishings

59

60

56

55

57

DURABLE

1933. ___________ - - - - -_
1932 ____ - - _ - - - - - - - - -193L ____ - _____ - _ - - --

3,926,841
3,646,765
5,076,006

504,383
397,968
558,910

2,224,551
2,137,459
3,025,843

598,815
547,757
706,916

251,389
217,062
297,983

135,541
136,713
191,373

212,162
209,806
294,981

2,291,786
2,024,002
3,228,566

234,822
213,452
34'7,714

73,878
70,935
108,299

1930 _________ - - - - - - -1929 _____________ - - - _


1928 _____________ - - -_
1927 __________ - - - - - -1926 ______________ - -_

6,259,970
7,718,429
7,647,753
7,668,407
7,582,630

703,386
975,266
952,589
994,146
1,010,932

3,689,071
4,419,179
4,288,534
4,263,120
4,079,619

862,569
1,084,714
1,077,711
1,080,434
1,076,747

402,982
482,191
463,178
457,305
502,849

238,512
284,718
271 ,256
253,191
247,573

363,450
472,361
594,485
620,211
664,910

4,279,091
6,361,363
6,018,295
5,476,190
6,105,231

449,617
625,380
656,672
654,370
669,611

134,327
189,638
159,254
200,305
196,376

1925 __________ - - _ - - -1924 _____ - _ - - - - - - - - -1923 ______________ - -_


1922 ___________ - - - - -1921 _____________ - - -_

7,435,937
6,665,882
7,546,286
6,578,920
5,893,824

1,052,839
905,897.
1,119,151
898,551
808,008

4,040,131
3,646,976
4,236,790
3,775,589
3,278,501

1,047,492
1,064,470
1,131,126
995,610
955,964

462,818
408,990
429,474
347,788
313,772

233,801
227,372
253,923
199,114
188,597

598,856
412,177
375,822
362,268
348,982

5,801,671
4,989,485
5,289,122
3,956,994
3,196,526

654,762
645,600
609,408
523,888
486,003

200,595
186,566
197,145
135,239
109,211

1920 _____ - _- _ - - - - - - -1919 ________________ _

8,376,898
7,522,229

1,213,891
1,093,290

4,303,299
3,864,589

1,371,752
1,257,489

442,972
369,485

312,559
347,716

732,425
589,660

4,873,181
3,938,586

644,200
527,056

183,349
145,890

CONSUMERS'

Heavy
household
appliances,
including
mechanical
refrigerators

Housefurnishings,
durable

68

69

DURABLE-continued

China and
household
utensils

Portable
household
electric
appliances
and other
supplies

Radio
apparatus
and
equipment

Musical
instruments

70

71

72

73

Jewelry,
silve rware,
clocks, and
watches

74

Printing
and
publishing:
Books

75

Luggage

Passenger
cars

76

77

-----------------,1----------1---------1----------1----------1----------1----------1----------I-~-------I----------I----------

1933 ___________ - _ - - -1932 _____________ - _ - _


193L ______________ -_

152,738
115,129
198,068

237,707
191,427
282,888

135,507
125,614
168,794

53,126
40,480
72,622

104,028
100,006
164,230

25,873
37,532
52,071

100,073
93,112
150,395

95,312
106,457
146,438

17,594
16,966
27,062

757,009
626,513
1,123,556

1930 _____________ - - -1929 _____________ - - -1928 _____ - _____ - - - - - 1927 ___________ - - - - - 1926 _____________ - - --

223,726
268,741
239,711
214,982
225,366

305,383
492,027
480,579
449,457
456,335

178,306
248,063
250,122
208,208
245,977

89,219
106,985
101,438
99,946
107,362

244,734
388,476
317,012
192,683
219,341

111,368
120,543
159,123
188,108
201,840

207,290
288,490
288,116
286,562
286,502

180,403
199,015
185,941
178,163
160,822

41,063
64,801
62,605
60,750
61,203

1,643,172
2,799,737
2,557,230
2,174,719
2,679,418

1925 _______________ -1924 ___________ - - - - -1923 _____________ '- - - 1922": __ ~ _________ - - - 1921 _____________ - - - -

179,714
146,113
135,209
114,703
88,285

468,670
429,743
477,211
367,094
286,367

216,729
163,377
214,640
147,791
146,927

96,879
84,551
87,235
63,664
65,537

178,473
147,836
53,422
28,594
12,920

185,010
190,225
229,458
200,219
177,524

286,338
269,058
287,574
237,947
211 ,459

154,991
150,063
135,279
129,261
126,256

61,231
53,235
63,810
48,473
47,051

2,523,804
2,034,034
2,278,231
1,596,346
1,147,410

1920 _______________ -1919 _______________ - ".

181,840
109,822

437,312
325,974

232,123
174,827

88,339
71 ,565

18,034
15,124

281,721
258,077

293,213
306,307

144,916
132,699

72,056
64,864

1,792,635
1,365,577

Exeludes construction materials.


This total is greater than the sum of the figures shown because it includes "miscellaneous perishable commodities" for which figures are not shown separately.

181

Data: J 49-96

MANUFACTURES

Series J 49-96.-VALUE OF OUTPUT-FINISHED PRODUCTS A:t-JD CO}JSTRUCTIOt.J J\1.1A.TERIALS


AT PRODUCERS' CURRENT PRICES (KUZNETS): 1919 TO 1933-Con.
[ In thousands of dollars

1
"

CONSUMERS' DURABLE--Continued
YEAR

PRODUCERS' DURABLE

Auto parts
and
accessories

Motorcycles,
bicycles, and
accessories

Pleasure
craft

Ophthalmic
products and
surgical and
orthopedic
appliances

Monuments
and
tombstones

Total,
producers'
durable

Industrial
machinery
and
equipment

Electrical
appliances,
industrial
and
commercial

Farm
machinery,
tractors, and
wagons

78

79

80

81

82

83

84

85

86

1933 ________
1932 ________
193L _______

228,247
211,944
273,083

10,161
6,510
11,544

4,911
9,487
17,072

39,954
32,733
41,180

20,846
25,705
43,550

1,622,864
1,509,152
2,878,708

618,079
568,053
1,047,574

182,396
196,993
480,291

103,722
96,096
226,912

1930 ________
1929 ________
1928 ________
1927 ________
1926 ________

326,067
407,584
411 ,660
419,814
440,191

15,043
18,273
20,445
17,323
20,654

25,094
26,723
17,698
18,108
22,770

49,341
53,252
49,719
50,779
47,632

54,938
63,635
60,970
61,913
63,831

4,776,889
6,230,785
5,183,916
4,756,124
5,050,060

1,630,225
2,210,362
1,807,923
1,616,461
1,727,916

701,252
976,832.
872,119
718,918
751,871

521,047
621,195
560,802
514,304
525,484

1925 ________
192L _______
1923 ________
1922 ________
192L _______

444,269
337,247
355,793
243,440
169,470

20,555
21,508
27,020
16,758
18,060

15,285
14,261
12,366
6,291
9,546

47,581
49,615
59,257
49,667
47,570

66,785
66,443
65,564
47,619
46,930

4,634,247
4,319,254
4,682,083
3,146,804
3,222,R24

1,601,707
1,400,715
1,600,114
1,172,185
1,094,027

643,971
633,501
580,129
402,193
393,300

455,421
382,941
440,202
237,893
350,114

1920 ________
1919 ________ 1

313,403
282,574

41,872
4'0,426

14,995
14,195

69,280
59,459

63,793
44,150

5.611,965
;; 641,006

1,884,894
1,667,430

540,796
446,9i4

573,076
668,173

PRODUCERS', DURABLE--continued

YEAR

OfficeaIid
misc. machineryand
equipment

87

Office and
Locomotives
store furniture
and
and
railroad
fixtures
cars

Ships
,and
boats

Business
motor
vehicles

Aircraft

Professional
and
scientific
equipment

Carpenters'
and
mechanics'
tools

Misoollaneous
subsidiary
durable
equipment

91

92

93

94

95

Total,
construction
materials

96

88

89

90

139,311
138,673
212,311

72,057
76,810
155,563

16,952
41,814
85,443

13,517
26,290
47,631

137,539
273,174

23,133
19,831
32,950

49,071
48,247
73,605

52,465
33,367
58,678

172,859
125,439
184,576

1,616,900
1,430,200
2,670,80.0

1930 ________
1929 ________
1928 ________
1921- _______
1926 ________

304,181
383,677
375,601
343,851
336,958

208,636
295,967
252,050
255,262
248,481

385,818
379,748
270,590
355,494
444,484

61,206
56,676
37,931
39,219
52,460

417,708
623,135
410,446
373,207
425,052

34,833
61,474
52,455
20,291
17,885

124,096
145,223
123,790
118,302
104,731

107,559
136,622
143,377
115,513
121,731

280,328
339 ;874
276,832
285,302
293,007

3,942,600
5,214,400
4,995,500
5,063,400
5,345,200

1925 ________
1924 ________
1923 ________
1922 ________
192L _______

319,521
280,878
271,373
199,476
186,541

242,043
235,271
206,399
140,270
118,462

392,178
534,645
706,675
297,788
354,616

37,417
36,868
33,737
51,815
208,878

427,954
343,276
337,871
246,132
180,784

10,856
11 ,177
11 ,498
8,894
6,289

103,372
90,156
88,341
71,349
67,518

121,778
117,202
125,962
95,679
75,321

278,029
192,624
279,782
223,130
186,974

5,191,800
4,690,700
4,887,700
3,756,500
3,114,700

1920 ________
1919 ________

259,901
225,432

138,555
102,868

625,726
612,768

592,333
1,003,070

379,668
379,728

9,326
12,363

102,032
83,421

154,103
143,948

351,555
294,891

5,064,000
3,742,700

1933 ________
1932 ________
193L _______

182

179,3Q:<!

Data: J 97-148

VALUE OF OUTPUT

Series J 97-148.-VALUE OF OUTPUT-FINISHED COMMODITIES AND CONSTRUCTION


MATERIALS AT PRODUCERS' CURRENT PRICES (SHAW): 1869 TO 1919
[ In. thousands of dollars

I
YEAR

PERISHABLE

Grand
total,
all finished
commodities

Food and kindred


products

Total,
perishable

Manufactured

Nonmanufactured

Cigars,
cigarettes,
and
tobacco

Drug, toilet Magazines,


and
ne;wspapers,
household
mISC. paper
preparations supplies, etc. 1
102

103

Fuel and lighting


products
Manufactured

Nonmanufactured

SEMI-D URABLE
Total,
semidurable

105

104

Dry goods
and
notions

106

97

98

99

100

101

1919 _____
1918 _____
1917. ____
1916 _____

35,859,306
31,812,607
25,864,526
19,411 ,321

18,826,797
16,926,036
13,720,964
10,289,698

10,840,581
9,724,309
7,520,597
5,802,898'

4,714,256
4,212,043
3,832,010
2,651,111

1,024,458
871 ,610
628,823
517,823

691,307
665,474
532,053
435,917

479,837
457,019
415,928
358,284

631,825
579,049
424,665
261,990

444,533
416,532
366,888
261,675

7,030,907
6,229,167
4,983,650
3,719,885

985,642
931,500
682,477
498,794

1915 _____
1914 _____
1913 _____
1912 _____
191L ____

14,741,222
14,231,028
14,898,094
14,229,512
12,929,371

8,400,718
8,349,257
8,308,515
8,156,988
7,569,564

4,680,578
4,601,972
4,582,235
4,464,489
4,116,154

2,281,731
2,314,780
2,255,898
2,351,904
2,183,253

473,193
494,375
498,027
458,101
449,714

346,821
300,088
304,949
298,326
286,963

256,400
251,537
241,481
228,778
208,259

141,454
159,581
190,605
141,410
119,314

220,541
226,924
235,320
213,980
205,907

2,738,855
2,681,948
2,858,798
2,702,631
2,523,077

348,257
320,294
324,073
329,767
301,748

1910 _____
1909 _____
1908 _____
1907 _____
1906 _____

12,731,580
11 ,859 ,316
10,334,814
11 ,656 ,473
10,885,607

7,419,849
6,969,559
6,102,886
6,570,115
6,055,366

3,917,026
3,728,926
3,137,822
3,564,065
3,309,214

2,252,147
2,057,156
1,869,381
1,833,134
1,677,370

452,127
421,995
393,225
397,080
390,297

275,110
256,366
241,117
256,132
230,758

207,366
204,230
154,032
194,280
182,949

121,235 .
125,964
126,054
128,940
103,444

194,838
175,822
181,255
196,484
161,334

2,352,822
2,377,183
2,099,985
2,225,209
2,165,427

317,247
328,914
266,334
330,357
306,550

1905 _____
1904. ____
1903 _____
1902 _____
1901. ____

9,581,725
8,847,321
8,820,323
8,381,643
7,949,228

5,537,308
5,281,787
5,154,455
4,949,680
4,814,138

3,026,731
2,750,169
2,689,316
2,614,382
2,583,019

1,505,925
1,582,566
1,489,980
1,495,358
1,396,984

351,547
333,940
342,383
321,771
326,208

220,338
185,702
186,282
176,240
157,889

170,737
158,706
152,168
149,661
133,078

95,038
109,870
112,030
90,099
85,000

166,992
160,834
182,296
102,169
131,960

1,860,637
1,689,707
1,668,311
1,545,394
1,466,931

281,649
255,137
264,243
260,569
235,671

1900 _____
1899 _____
1898 _____
1897 _____
1896 _____

7,296,141
6,751,468
5,885,763
5,458,305
5,054,286

4,285,784
4,006,640
3,631,742
3,368,236
3,073,213

2,283,754
2,160,531
1,920,558
1,794,586
1,584,429

1,233,618
1,141,120
1,107,365
1,017,143
909,162

303,729
266,180
227,178
197,195
192,341

138,624
137,712
124,789
116,707
114,541

120,428
111,221
101,592
90,924
87,810

100,606
88,053
64,230
62,642
93,060

105,025
101,823
86,030
89,039
91,870

1,403,860
1,312,692
1,115,891
1,067,895
977,012

233,520
218,944
194,816
189,519
173,175

1895 _____
1894 _____
1893 ___ ":_
1892 _____
189L ____

5,225,982
4,856,745
5,519,985
5,363,295
5,334,961

3,235,347
3,077,903
3,431,894
3,060,679
3,123,884

1,581,907
.1,513,381
1,705,938
1,433,612
1,498,842

1,058,072
1,000,622
1,153,iJI31
1,036,877
1,053,215

201,241
216,555
215,940
226,685
223,420

112,800
103,628
105,821
106,081
99,429

92,434
91,224
95,962
106,605
97,310

96,012
62,147
54,220
52,332
62,818

92,881
90,346
100,652
98,487
88,850

1,006,647
911,770
1,035,026
1,155,097
1,102,739

201,127
176,943
207,326
235,491
232,346

1890 _____
.1889 _____

5,017,701
5,116,497

2,854,433
3,052,466

1,350,188
1,607,913

953,590
936,291

209,856
197,414

91,417
82,915

93,631
91,038

75,573
59,652

80,178
77,243

1,076,900
1,036,240

227,606
223,295

1879 _____
1869 _____

3,472,384
2,723,582

2,083,396
1,586,097

1,067,608
681,620

701,258
686,161

117,401
72,208

41,707
37,866

60,073
28,807

39,887
29,699

55,462
49,736

777,475
596,541

227,534
170,831

CONSUMER DURABLE

SEMI-DURABLE-continued
YEAR

Clothing
and
personal
furnishings

Shoes and
other
footwear

108

Housefurnishings

107

Toys, games,
and
sporting
goods

Tires
and
tubes

Total,
consumer
durable

Household
furniture

Heating and
cooking
apparatus
etc. s

Electrical
household
appliances
and supplies

115

116

Floor
coverings

110

III

112

1919 ______
1918 ______
1917 ______
1916 ______

3,866,186
3,360,770
2,618,117
2,039,326

1,258,542
1,076,441
899,964
746,695

212,906
198,817
154,355
110,236

161,292
154,115
282,547
150,735

546,339
507,524
346,190
174,099

3,967,940
2,723,439
2,866,786
2,428,149

. 498,005
331,594
303,748
273,968

266,576
218,924
196,990
144,575

84,244
67,468
58,605
40,671

151,397
116,588
114,409
103,995

1915 ______
1914 ______
1913 ______
1912 ______
1911. _____

1,550,203
1,574,867
1,689,693
1,625,003
1,526,644

557,250
541,027
602,583
548,874
516,545

84,437
86,850
92,143
82,329
77,680

80,311
61,898
58,672
54,108
51,756

118,397
97,012
91,634
62,550
48,704

1,729,814
1,553,358
1,651,846
1,517,586
1,301,266

214,320
225,430
241,906
225,509
208,403

121,489
112,133
127,066
133,727
105,958

22,924
18,256
22,121
19,657
15,734

78,597
80,142
90,9.52
88,899
81,116

1910 ______
1909 ______
1908 ______
1907 ______
1906 ______

1,367,962
1,421,529
1,254 ,852
1,291,482
1,274,677

500,633
480,283
462,807
466,925
459,197

80,805
73,431
58,366
66,287
67,707

47,773
47,844
38,686
52,937
43,512

38,402
25,182
18,940
17,221
13,784

1,280,743
1,148,856
974,169
1,117,482
1,057,516

206,565
195,231
155,705
188,808
193,193

98,792
95,095
85,316
102,737
104,828

16,312
11,816
7,722
10,181
8,021

84,458
78,992
58,657
77,491
77,958

1905 ______
1904 ______
1903 ______
1902 ______
190L _____

1,069,235
964,577
952,763
862,456
812,763

405,231
376,803
360,039
332,462
333,390

54,273
51,228
52,275
51,853
47,972

39,779
35,285
33,713
31,784
30,235

10,470
6,677
5,278
6,270
6,900

898,308
782,886
776,999
742,008
677,207

163,693
145,181
142,218
131,665
121,132

86,885
74,450
79,885
79,419
71 ,333

4,737
3,298
3,753
3,236
2,550

66,985
61,987
65,001
60,560
50,805

1900 ______
1899 ______
1898 ______
1897 ______
1896 ______

794,269
719,035
582,882
555,880
507,092

294,355
296,256
263,769
247,937
230,370

48,498
41,370
34,831
34,756
34,020

24,798
23,778
20,003
21,090
21,870

8,420
13,309
19,590
18,713
10,485

629,037
603,369
511 ,090
488,867
451,253

109,594
106,740
91,819
91,245
92 ,694

62',481
59,757
46,790
51,094
45,915

2,384
1,858

-------------

------------------------

48,871
46,987
38,015
37,681
33,902

1895 ______
1894. _____
1893 ______
1892 ______
189L _____

501,417
453,609
533,079
597,341
570,082

237,225
228,969
234,342
264,693
244,861

35,569
31,815
35,077
36,000
34,146

23,403
20,434
25,202
21,572
21,304

7,906

-------------------------------------------------

462,473
408,288
464,454
540,096
521,744

95,937
84,641
102,451
116,728
102,312

35,772 ------------31,211 -------- ----35,532 ------------39,091 ------------39,375 -------------

45,042
37,710
42,652
52,198
56,382

1890 ______
1889 ______

546,361
525,921

250,492
236,711

33,356
31,349

19,085 ------------18,964 -------------

503,285
466,206

97,221
95,179

38,156 ------------39,220 -------------

48,065
43,967

1879 ______
1869 ______

343,607
214,072

174,060
185,644

16,309
12,966

15,965 ------------13,028 -------------

289,070
245,179

66,306
58,365

23,075 ------------26,509 -------------

30,337
22,124

109

Excludes construction materials.

Includes stationery and supplies.

113

114

117

Includes household appliances, except electric.

183

Data: J 97-148

MANUFACTURES

Series J 97-148.-VALUE OF OUTPUT-FItJISHED CO]\,flVrODITIES A}~D CO}~STRUCTIOl'~


MATERIALS AT PRODUCERS' CURRENT PRICES (SHAW): 1869 TO 1919~Con.
IIn thousands of dollars J
CONSUMER DURABLE-Continued
Misc.
housefurnishings

YEAR

China and
household
utensils

Musical
instrumen ts

Luggage

Passenger
vehicles,
motor

Motor
vehicle
accessories

Passenger
vehicles
(horsedrawn) and
accessories

Motorcycles
and
bicycles

125

126

127

27,23.0
35,839

122

123

218,861
2.03,165
167,914
125,.043

235,629
197,961
221,549
16.0 ,745

256,485
15.0,431
141,020
12.0 ,593

3.04,81.0
176,49.0
184,503
173,828

132,699
1.02,898
92,345
78,396

64,864
52,513
37,169
4.0 ,.065

1,363,521
8.0.0 ,655
1 ,Op1, 705
919,627

21.0 ,834
119,97.0
152,452
127,98.0

31,846

28,887
22,623
2.0 ,961
20,514

1915 _________________
1914 _________________
1913 _________________
1912 _________________
1911 _________________

97,.013
99,298
1.07,696
98,5.04
94,7.0.0

119,.0,72
1.06,457
1.09,362
1.04,837
94,92.0

92,55.0
93,432
1.07,34.0
97,972
84,571

121,33.0
133,.081
157,66.0
155,477
148,46.0

74,.031
68,588
78,6.03
67,162
59,639

26,319
26,768
34,544
34,359
36,.061

574,826
419,9.03
397,982
332,521
222,75.0

77,181
54,525
51,9.08
43,684
29,25.0

31,572
37,103
42,383
46,76.0
51,385

16,698
17,668
23,.072
12,959
10,179

1910 _________________
1909 _________________
19.08 _________________
19.07 _________________
19.06 __ _______________

98,379
91,416
75,985
89,978
94,251

9.0 ,304
79,503
71 ,665
9.0 ,279
93,117

8.0 ,528
77,368
63,641
88,436
81,772

146,268
135,936
114,940
153,322
136,897

61,131
62,93.0
53,919
56,986
55,672

32,786
28,703
23,854
27,979
24,127

212,627
157,345
133,519
9.0 ,667
6.0 ,962

28,123
2.0 ,93.0
17,014
11 ,.031
7,136

58,381
.53,691
52,728
68,229
66,621

8,024
6,28.0
5,606
7,628
6,299

19.05 _________________
19.04 _________________
1903 _________________
1902 _________________
19.01 _________________

78,596
75,688
76,235
75,516
69,57.0

81,347
65,439
64,239
56,.094
51,413

71 ,865
58,472
65,92.0
58,54.0
5.0 ,258

113,344
10.0 ,576
97,89.0
94,773
82,596

56,555
53,312
51,.075
48,884
46,984

20,367
19,.091
16,015
15,043
13,235

38,45.0
4,28.0
23,279
2,451
12,957 -----------10,361 -----------8,156 ------------

64,942
61,08.0
60,218
61,822
66,759

6,722
4,1.00
6,3.07
8,990
1.0,292

19.00 _________________
1899 _________________
1898 _________________
1897 _________________
1896 __________ ______

7.0 ,946
61,179
51,929
51,967
51,147

49,194
43,676
37,27.0
33,669
31,137

42,822
34,156
27,654
24,222
22,375

88,1.06
8.0 ,859
65,269
58,318
52,571

43,931
44,516
40,34.0
33,292
33,956

12,134
6,273 -----------4,390 -----------12,727
8,904 ------------ -----------8,935 ------------ -----------9,3.09
.. _...... _----- -- ... ---------

52,863
55,64.0
45,1.0.0
42,741
41,229

13,585
23,690
34,857
33.928
18,657

1895 _________________
1894 _________________
1893 _________________
1892 _________________
189L ________________

52,973
48,345
53,546
56,448
54,482

22,225
23,685
24,.011
31,313
32,385

27,251
19,892
23,.043
34,38.0
32,449

59,768
.52,176
59,890
74,266
72,.021

34,859
27,729
33,439
33,753
32,525

9,021 ------------ -----------11 ,185 ------------ -----------13,061 ------------ -----------15,756 ------------ -----------14,1.08 ------------ ------------

14,067
46,780
52,508 -----------6.0,193 -----------64,9.08 -------_ ... _-64,458 ------- .. ----

1890 _________________
1889 _____________ .____

53,861
51,28.0

3D ,037
28,464

31,9.03
26,911

73,257
58,974

33,447
34,409

13,648 ------------ -----------1.0 ,849 ------------ ------------

62,346
56,043

1879 _________________
1869 _________________

25,425
14,356

20,291
18,620

14,06.0
10,095

37,98.0
35,396

19,145
8,341

119

121

Printing
and
publishing:
Books

1919 _________________
1918 _______ _________
1917 _________________
1916 _________________

118

120

Jewelry,
silverware,
clocks, and
watches

-_

7,270 -----------7,745 ------------

CONSUMER DURABLE-continued
YEAR

Pleasure
craft

Qphthalmic
products
and artificial
limbs

Monuments
and
tombstones

128

124

:::=::=:==:=,

39,783

35,966
36,111

------i~907-

--------_ ... --

--------_ .. _-

PRODUCER DURABLE
Total,
producer
durable

Industrial
machinery
and
equipment

129

130

131

132

1919 _________________
1918 _________________
1917 _ _______________
1916 _________________

5,496
5,165
4,835
4,504

45,.041
71,119
36,514
23,9.04

73,361
5.0 ,.036
42,284
37,895

6,.033,662
5,933,965
4,293,126
2,973,589

1,745,94.0
1,798,080
1,588,535
1,1.02,515

1915 _________________
1914 _________________
1913 _________________
1912 _________________
1911 _________________

4,2.07
4,121
4,8.01
4,752
4,827

20,172
15,476
12,304
10,557
1.0 ,928

37,513
40,977
42,146
4.0 ,250
42,385

191.0 _________________
1909 _________________
19.08 _________________
1907 _________________
1906 _________________

4,844
4,738
3,654
6,.055
4,320

1.0 ,653
10,477
9,3.07
9,36.0
7,874

1905 _________________
19.04 _________________
19.03 _________________
1902 _________________
19.01 _________________

3,783
3,149
3,584
3,539
3,742

19.0.0 _________________
1899 _________________
1898 _________________
1897 _________________
1896 _________________

Electrical
equipment,
industrial and
commercial

Tractors
133

134

Farm
equipment
135

Office and
store machineryand
equipment

Office and
store furniture and
fixtures

136

137

172,667
161,.004
67,239
32,.036

456,6.02
4.01,567
382,526
295,586

394,974
359,194
305,204
291,892

153,406
169,113
154,687
114,2.08

90,923
68,4.00
63,312
53,320

1,871 ,835
1,646,465
2,.078,935
,.1,852,307
1,535,464

650,654
24,030
17,651
532,85.0
642,115
8,220
6.03,893
13,118
553,793 -------------

185,555
168,.075
206,579
186,266
153,423

235,562
214,639
260,74.0
233,720
2.09,778

73,133
63,7.04
73,588
68,30.0
6.0 ,134

44,283
51,831
55,748
55,594
49,784

42,568
38,4.05
4.0 ,937
38,315
34,468

1,678,166
1,363,718
1,157,774
1,743,667
1,607,298

57a ,62.0 ---------_ ..... 492,396 -----------381,844 -----------575,514 -----------56.0 ,889 ------------

161,672
124,397
95,942
145,286
136,767

206,447
197,837
166,666
191,886
189,725

61,127
51,148
37,359
52,841
48,1.07

5.0,947
49,290
41,040
5.0,035
51,453

7,099
5,644
5,814
5,698
5,218

28,658
25,689
25,888
27,868
23,164

1,285,472
1,.092,941
1,22.0 ,558
1,144,561
99.0 ,952

452,672 -----------367,144 -----------439,245 -----------4.02,763 -----------359,11.0 ------------

98,123
87,.071
1.01,965
90,623
76,.0.09

155,953
149,9.07
145,986
173 ,467
129,533

36,038
26,911
31,.0.01
27,198
23,330

43,694
38,639
38,175
33,856
3.0,60.0

2,698
2,.065
1,399
1,195
1,201

4,729
4,8.06
4,285
3,951
3,8.06

18,426
20,323
17,459
16,629
13,354

977,46.0
828,767
627,.04.0
533,3.07
552,8.08

385,.018 -----------3.02,428 -----------223,085 -----------204,955 -----------228,752 ------------

73,492
59,2.08
36,845
25,287
20,483

118,871
115,756
96,194
64,9.06
52,117

23,890
17,989
13,0.02
11 ,643
12,677

27,625
24,677
21,600
21,831
22,542

1895 _________________
1894 _________________
1893 _________________
1892 _________________
189L ________________

1,315
1,036
1,395
1,462
1,589

3,674
3,3.02
3,3.03
3,225
2,936

13,789
14,868
11,938
16,568
16,722

521,515
458,784
588,611
6.07,423
586,594

206,17.0 -----------169,817 -----------195,374 -----------2.06,4.08 -----------195,477 ------------

19,984
15,8.0.0
16,551
22,651
23,728

65,337
64,11.0
76,9.07
8.0 ,123
79,091

11,.081
8,892
9,919
1.0,178
9,344

23,70.0
21,230
26,.078
30,138
26,783

189.0 __ _______________
1889 _________________

1,454
1,46.0

2,625
2,296

17,265
15,247

583,083
561,585

195,358 -----------192,229 ------------

21,847
13 ;056

92,7.01
88,479

9,.004
8,557

25,793
25,585

1879 _________________
1869 _________________

920
55.0

752
386

7,543
6,581

322,443
295,765

1.02,746 -----------112,685 ------------

1,935

.69,930
51,064

3,822
3,207

15,870
13,631

184

------------

Data: J 97-151

VALUE OF OUTPUT

Series J 97-148.-VALUE OF OUTPUT-FINISHED COMMOD~TIES AND CONSTRUCTION


MATERIALS AT PRODUCERS' CURRENT PRICES (SHAW): 1869 TO 1919-Con.
[ In thousands or dollars

PRODUCER DURABLE-continued

YEAR

Locomotive
and
railroad
cars

Ships
and
boats

Business
vehicles,
motor

138

139

140

Business
vehicles,
horsedrawn

Aircraft

141

142

Professional Carpenters' Misc. suband


and
sidiary
scientific
mechanics'
durable
equipment
tools
equipment
143

144

CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL

Total,
construction
materials

Manufactured

Nonmanufactured

146

147

148

145

1919 _______________
1918 _______________
1917 _______________
1916 _______________

550,424
775,093
667,792
403,513

1,389,509
805,333
243,763
103,715

379,931
444,155
225,845
164,542

42,518
50,594
51,061
37,367

8,610
175,257
22,390
1,499

80,108
123,479
62,005
39,700

208,007
231,791
156,622
115,111

360,043
370,905
302,145
218,585

3,874,723
3,331,467
3,174,807
2,710,786

3,366.352
2,929,454
2,812,341
2,389,745

508,371
402,013
362,466
321,041

1915 _______________
1914 _______________
1913 _______________
1912 _______________
191 L ______________

164,033
211,319
444,604
319,787
176,040

66,788
43,493
47,577
44,392
42,748

128,442
45,165
48,752
51,342
26,901

3,588
34,019
437
36,859
276
39,854
446
41,913
44,153 -----------

32,922
24,877
18,671
15,275
15,216

68,515
58,510
66,148
61,110
52,603

160,311
177,055
166,063
157,161
150,891

2,059,679
2,095,936
2,484,458
2,239,876
2,018,039

1,775,392
1,787,078
2,136,520
1,901,226
1,692,997

284,287
308,858
347,938
338,650
325,042

1910 _______________
1909 _______________
1908 _______________
1907 _______________
1906 _______________

292,753
133,861
143,923
372,329
315,633

40,844
38,167
34,400
66,280
54,845

13,205
7,754
3,506
2,309
1,754

48,322
42,971
40,170
49,546
46,226

-----------

14,333
13,693
10,229
14,970
13,678

57,767
54,817
43,203
62,286
50,696

155,129
157,387
159 ;492
160,385
137,525

2,100,762
2,028,716
1,859,608
2,161,612
1,949,504

1,755,867
1,704,712
1,531,888
1,791,362 1,636,883

344,895
324,004327,720
370,250
312,621

1905 _______________
1904 _______________
1903 _______________
1902 _______________
1901 _______________

226,109
170,561
200,950
165,318
136,720

55,624
1,516
53,583
1,351
61,280 ----------60,835 ----------64,654 -----------

43,127 ----------38,922 ----------37,569 ... - - - - -- - - -37,893 ----------40,213 ----- ------

10,323
8,221
9,775
8,902
7,649

44,669
40,332
42,848
39,943
32,752

117,624
110,299
111,764
103,753
90,382

1,609,527
1,426,880
1,469,687
1,505,193
1,325,191

1,349,281
1,178,712
1,220,868
1,272,752
1,124,750

260,246
248,168
248,819
232,441
200,441

1900 _______________
1899 _______________
1898 _______________
1897 _______________
1896 _______________

139,042
121,414
89,317
72,042
79,023

46,883
36,072
24,368
20,747
20,781

-----------

31,376 ----------32,544 ----------25,937 ------- ---24,187 ----------22,972 -----------

8,042
6,375
4,570
3,990
4,286

30,511
27,863
22,329
19,119
20,869

92,710
84,441
69,793
64,600
68,306

1,248,006
1,027,147
952,381
971,832
880,762

1,054,551
863,637
799,994
820,214
745,940

193,455
163,510
152,387
151,618
134,822

1895 _______________
1894 _______________
1893 ________________
1892 _______________
1891 _______________

56,836
49,698
107,820
92,994
91,466

22,661 ----------17,800 ----------23,866 ----------24,895 --- .. ------26,945 -----------

25,677 ----------28,389 -----_ ... ---32,094 ----------34,145 ----------33,470 -----------

3,866
3,175
3,621
3,953
3,851

21,048
18,510
24,303
26,267
26,494

65,155
61,363
72,078
75,671
69,945

1,026,827
1,003,965
1,067,516
1,328,016
1,068,011

873,243
860,171
923,778
1,155,106
930,845

153,584
143,794
143,738
172,910
137,166

1890 _______________
1889 _______________

85.943
90,844

24,554
24,704

31,969
28,393

---------------------

3,799
3,473

25,270
22,652

66,845
63,613

1,210,915
833,215

1,063,136
704,4~8

147,779
128,717

1879 _______________
1869 _______________

37,548
41,645

19,399 ----~-----11,524 ------- ... ....

17,951 ----------18,065 -----------

1,61)9
1,632

14,323
10 ,856

37,260
31,456

441,438
369,102

363,318
319,892

78,120
49,210

-----------

-----------

---------------------

----------_--

------- ...

-_

------------------------_ .... _----

-----------

Series J 149-151.-CAPITAL EXPENDITURES-'"-NEW MANUFACTURING CAPITAL


EXPENDITURES FOR PLANT AND EQUIPMENT: 1915 TO 1940
[ In millions oC dollars]

YEAR

Total

Plant

Equipment

--------149

150

---

2,303
1,572
1,393
2,160
1,545

684
342
291
626
373

1,619
1,230
1,102
1,534
1,172

1935 _______
1934 _______

1,157
950

227
237

930
713

Total

Plant

Equipment

--------149

151

1940 _______
1939 _______
1938 _______
1937_______
1936 _______

7"8706-49-13

YEAR

150

---

YEAR

151

1933 _____
1932 _____
1931. ____

717
574
1,054

224
118
273

493
456
781

1930 _____
1929 _____
1928 _____
1921- ____

1,908
2,739
2,306
2,108

616
962
851
702

1,292
1,777
1,455
1,406

Total

Plant

Equipment

--------150
149
151
---

1926 _____

2,350

815

1,535

1925 _____
19.24 _____
1923 _____
1922 _____
1921. ____

1,969
1,731
2,050
1,542
1,367

585
471
613
533
396

1,384
1,260
1,437
1,009
971

YEAR

Total

Plant

Equipment

------ --149

150

151

1920 _____
1919 _____
1918 _____
1911- ____
1916 _____

3,165
2,224
2,466
1,736
1,052

1,249
815
919
505
349

1,916
1,409
1,547
1,231
703

1915 _____

616

188

428

185

Data: J 152-18(\

MANUFACTURES

Series J 152-164.-PHYSICAL OUTPUT, CENSUS YEARS-SELECTED IvlANUFACTURED


. COMMODITIES: 1899 TO 1939
Wheat

Rour

Rayon
yarns

152

153

1939 ________________
1931-- ______________

Million
b.lTrels
111
10,j

Million
pO'unds
329
322

1935 ________________
1933 ________________
193L _______ ~ _______
1929 ________________
1927 ________________

102
797.2
115
120
118

1925 ________________
1923 ________________
192L _______________
1919 ____________ c _ __
1914 ________________

115
114
111
132
116

19J9 ________________
1904 _______________
1899 ________________

106
104
99.8

YEAR

---- ----

REFINED PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

Newsprint
and
similar
papers

Light
products of Illuminating
oils
distillation 3

Book
paper

Sulphuric
acid 1

Soda ash

155

156

157

158

Million
tons
1.49
1.49

Million
tons
1. 55
1.52

Million
tons
3.80
3.92

Million
tons
2.15
2.32

Billion
gallons
25.3
22.9

Billion
gJllons
2.71
2.51

1.22
1.21
1.51
1. 77
1.81

1. 28
1.08
1.21
1.50
1.33

3.07
72.64
2.84
4.14
3.21

1. 87
1. 65
1.51
1.81
1.47

18.8
16.4
17.6
18.4
13.4

2.19
1. 95
1. 75
2.34
2.22

1. 75
1.69
1.33
1.47
1.42

81.34
1.21
0.807
0.961
0.913

3.28
3.30
2.00
2.21
1.86

1.37
1.26
0.776
1.03
0.935

11.3
7.80
5.35
4.11
1.46

1.27
0.975
0.624

0.677
0.454
0.304

1.10
0.673
0.338

0.646
0.519
0.391

0.540
0.291
0.281

154

258
213
151
121
75.6
51
35
15
8.28
2.42

1 Includes only sulphuric acid made in chemicals, not elsewhere classified. For
1914-31, the data are as given by the Census. For other years, quantities have been
estimated: For 1933-39 on basis of average ratio for 1925-31 of sulphuric acid made
in the industry to the total, wherever made; and for 1899-1909 on the basis of
average ratio for 1914-23.
2 Includes only soda ash made for sale.
a Includes gasoline, naphtha, benzine, tops (except in 1937) and, prior to 1919,
other light products of distillation. In 1919, other light products of distillation
amounted to 97.3 million gallons.

Fuel oils

159

160
Billion
gdlons
2J.0
19.2

Lubricating oils

Pneumatic
tires and
casings

---- ---161
162
---- - - Million
g,lllons

Household
refrigeratorsl

163

164

Billions

Thousands

1,517

(r.) 53.4

3.25

2,824

15.9
13.3
14.2
16.4
15.4

1,274
1,047
1,148
1,554
1,382

48.8
45.4
49.1
69.8
63.6

1. 81
1.02
2.31
5.51
7.06

1,882
1,160
1.050
890
39J

2.37
2.24
1. 94
2.31
1. 94

14.6
12.0
9.75
7.77
3.73

1,361
1,151
949
822
518

58.8
45.4
27.3
32.8
8.02

7.56
75
18
7.28
4.45
5
4.75 --- ---- -- --7.15 --. ------ ---

1.67
1.36
1.26

1. 70
0.360
0.305

1.607

Millions
57.8

Brick
common

(.)

1,900

9.79
.. ------8.68 ----------- 7.65 --------- ---

537
315
170

~---

Includes electric and gas except for 1939 which represents electric only.
Not available. .
.
Revised figure ..
7 Not strictly comparable with other years because of incompleteness of data.
R In 1923 a small quantity of book paper (plate, lithograph, map, and woodcut)
was excluded from this series and combined with "other paper."
4
5

Series J 165-180.-PHYSICAL OUTPUT, ANNUAL DATA-SELECTED MANUFACTURED


COMMODITIES: 1840 TO 1945
Leaf
Rolled
tobacco Fermented
malt
iron and consumed
liquor Z
steel
in manufacturing

STEEL INGOTS AND CASTINGS

Total

YEAR

Bessemer

Open
hearth

Crucible

Electric
and all
other l

Wool
e Cotton- consum'd Men's
Distille d Cigarett
seed oil
in mfr., leather
spirits 3 production 4 . productio n scoured shoes 6
basis 5

Women's
leather
shoes

Cotton
Active
consumed
cotton
in mfr.,
spindles
including consuming
linters 7
cotton 8

---- ---- ---- --- ---- --- ---- ---- --- --- ---- --- --- ---- ---165

---169
170
172
173
174
175
176
166
167
168
171
177
178
179
180
---- ---- --- ---- --- ---- ---- --- --- ---- --- --- ---- ---- ---Million
pounds
1,291
1,255
1,229
1,131
1,009

barrels
tax gal. Millions
86,604 -------- 332,345
81,726 -------- 323,734
71,018 -------- 296,305
63,717 -------- 257,657
55,214 474,054 218,083

1,000
Million 1,000
pounds
pounds
pairs
1,324,039 645.1 104,794
1,235,829 622.8 193,537
1,440,534 636.2 129,345
1,249,872 603.6 142,975
1,425,471 648.0 135,804

pairs
9120,917
9118,079
9154,670
181,685
184,915

Bales
11 ,049,261
11,308,164
12,401,018
12,657,612
11 ,080,653

Number
22,674,852
23,018,828
23,429,252
23,607,508
23,389,454

54,892
53,871
56,340
58,748
51,812

189,508
180,828
171,842
170,171
159,076

1,325,241
1,409,414
1,961,486
1,363,978
1,163,736

407.9
396.5
284.5
380.8
406.1

151,944
167,697
147,755
.149,675
161,858

8,844,638
7,709,066
6,463,383
8,768,964
7,085,364

23,585,938
23,731,050 .
24,774,004
25,419,110
24,664,428

45,229 349,772 140,147


37,678 241,610 130,287
9,798 123,405 115,087
(n)
150,391 106,915
(12)
170,394 117,407

1,108,582
1,302,786
1,445,681
1,694,123
1,441,882

417.5
229.. 6
317.1
230,1
311.0

99,525
91,387 .
88,821
74,493
77,420

145,231
133,045
130,742
113,944
112,603

6,079,895
6,467,399
6,898,437
5, .'503 ,335
5,977,091

26,700,946
27,742,462
26,894,860
27,271,938
28,979,646

780
797
755
744
737

(12)

195,257
203,300
170,500
185,500
203,800

124,193
122,822
109,131
100,260
92,523

1,572,322
1,604,131
1,476,609
1,837,910
1,617,015

263.2
368.1
333.2
3.'54.1
342.7

77,147
94,770
90,970
95,328
86,644

112,629
131,303
123,753
116,259
110,447

6,911,010
7,970,334
7,614,292
7,995,668
7,259,618

31,245,078
32,417,036
33,569,792
34,409,910
34,750,266

33,387
28,086
33,277
26,452
14,774

718
694
689
647
612

5,100 167,500
4,900 137,500
5,300 124,600
6,300 82,200
9,200 87,900

82,712
73,256
67,239
56,413
52,770

1,403,781
979,617
1,002,922
930,475
1,309,183

349.9 86,546
342.2 84,663
422.4 100,283
406.5 89,984
-------- 69,458

104,782
104,135
109,676
105,368
101,474

6,852,265
6,217,292
7,312,201
6,548,853
5,408,9i9

35,032,246
35,849,338
36,260,001
35,707,738
36,047,367

32,348
25,102
31,156
33,068
32,380

640
648
692
660
612

1,000

194L ______
1944 ______ "_
194L ______
1942 ________
194L ______

Long tons Long tons Long tons Long tons


71,162,18 6 3,844,03 464,231,788
21
80,037,130 ,4,499,931 71,753,518
22
79,318,314 5,022,761 70,198,039
130
76,814,224 4,958,414 68,305,319 1,795
73,963,624 4,980,421 66,419,302 2,065

Long tons
3,086,343
3,783,659
4,097,384
3,548,696
2,561,836

long tons
53,403
58,754
56,511
55,755
55,647

1940 ________
193L ______
193L ______
1931-- ______
936 ________

59,805,970
47,141,709
28,349,991
50,568,701
47,767,856

3,311 ,226 54,975,967


2,999,032 43,223,036
1,880,661 25,964,300
3,449,92, 46,272 ,303
3,458,457 43,536,128

914
831
6
934
816

1,517,863
918,810
505,024
845,537
772,455

43,447
34,882
21,044
36,766
33,801

923
885
865
873
847

935 ________
93L ______
933 ________
93L ______
93L ______

34,092,594
26,055,289
23,232,347
13,681,162
25,945,501

2,835,031
2,162,357
2,428,791
1,532,076
3,023,446

30,715,429
23,.'531,105
20,381,672
11,907,330
22,509,566

642
531
681
645
1,547

541,492
361,296
421,203
241,111
410,942

23,965
18,970
16,735
10,451
19,176

776
776
711
690
752

930 ________
929 ________
928 ________
92L ______
926 ________

40,699,483
56,433,473
,51,544,180
44,935,185
48,293,763

5,035,459
7,124,075
6,620,195
6,191,72,
6,934,568

35,049,172
48,352,888
44,113,956
38,068,335

2,253
5,079
7,769
9,036
40,691,9i9 15,493

612,599
951,431
802,260
666,087
651,723

29,513
41,069
37,663
32,879
35,496

192L ______
______
192L
________
19 23
22 ________
192L
_______
19

45,393,524
37,931,939
44,943,696
35,602,926
19,783,797

6,723,962 38,034,488
5,899,590 31,577,350
8,484,088 35,899,657
5,919,298 29,308,983
4,015,938 15,589,802

19,562
22,473
44,079
28,606
7,613

615,512
432,526
515,872
346,039
169,499

19 20 _______ c
191L ______
19 1L ______
19 11-- ______
19 16 ________

42,132,934 8,883,087 32,671,895 72,265


34,671 ,232 7,271,562 26,948,694 63,572
44,462,432 9,376,236 34,459,391 115,112
45,060,6071 0,479,9603 4,148,893 126,716
42,773,680 11,059,039 31,415,42; 129,692

505,687
387,404
511,693
305,038
169,522

See footnotes on next page.

186

1,000

10

1,000

387,183
346,344
351,190
482,138
449,994

II

3,900
4,200
4,400
4,900

9,200
27,700
50,300
60,800
58,600

101,300
100,800
178,800
286,100
253,300

1,000

102,383
103,753
96,660
102,895
103,784

48,091 1,211,464 ------ -- -------53,865 1,325,333 -------- 95,017


47,528 ---------- -------- -------36,323 ---------- -------- -------26,203 --------- - - ------- - -------

---------- 6,762,207 35,480,953


104,813

6,223,837 34,930,934

----- -- --- 7,685,329 34,542,665


- --------- 7,658,207 33,888,835
- --------- 7,278,529 32,805,883

PHYSICAL OUTPUT

Data: .J 165-180

Series J 165-180.-PHYSICAL OUTPUT, ANNUAL DATA-SELECTED MANUFACTURED


COMMODITIES: 1840 TO 1945-Con.
STEEL INGOTS AND CASTINGS
YEAR

Total

Bessemer

165

166

Open hearth

Electrlc
Crucible
and
all other l

Leaf
tobacco
consumed

in manufacturing

168

__
__
__
__
__

Long
tons
23,679,102
17,174,684
21,599,931
20,780,723
15,598,650

Long
tons
113,782
89,869
121,226
121,517
97,653

Long
1,000
tons
long tons
70,939 24,393
27,631 18,370
34,011 24,791
21,162 24,657
31,949 19,039

1910 __
1909 __
1908 __
1907 __
1906 __

26,094,919 9,412,772
23,955,021 9,330,783
14,023,247 6,116,755
23,362,594 11 ,667,549
23,398,136 12,275,830

16,504,509
14,493,936
7,836,729
11 ,549,736
10,980,413

122,303
107,355
63,631
131,234
127,513

55,335
22,947
6,132
14,075
14,380

1905 __
1904 __
1903 __
1902 __
1901 __

20,023,947 10,941,375
13,859,887 7,859,140
14,534,978 8,592,829
14,947,250 9,138,363
13,473,595 8,713,302

8,971,376
5,908,166
5,829,911
5,687,729
4,656,309

102,233
83,391
102,434
112,772
98,513

170

Fermented
malt
liquor 2
172

171

167

Long
Long
tons
tons
32,151,036 8,287,213
23,513,030 6,220,846
31,300,874 9,545,706
31,251,303 10,327,901
23,676,106 7,947,854

1915
1914
1913
1912
1911

169

Rolled
iron
and
steel

Distilled
spirits g

Cigarette
production 4

173

174

I I

Men's Women's
leather leather
shoes 6
shoes
177

178

1,000

1,000

pairs

pairs

---- ------

Cotton con-{ Active


sumed in
cotton
mfr.;
spindles
including
consuming
linters 7
cotton 8
179

180

Million
pounds
565
589
593
579
565

barrels
59,800
66,200
65,300
62,200
63,300

tax gal.
140,700
181,900
193,600
187,600
183,400

21,621
19,645
11 ,828
19,865
19,588

551
530
510
517
513

59,500
56,300
58,800
58,600
54,700

163,900
139,900
133,900
174,700
150,100

9,782
- -------7,880 -93:900 86,600
6,833 ------- - -------6,345 -------- -------5,502 -------- --------

8,963
9,190
9,804
8,386
5,471

16,840
12,013
13,208
13,944
12,349

487
476
468
428
398

49,500
48,300
46,700
44,600
40,600

153,300
139,500
148,200
132,800
128,600

4,477 -------- -------- 13 4,278,980 23,687,495


4,170 83,400 69,500 ----------- ----------3,959 -------- -------- ----------- ----------3,647 -------- -------- ----------- ----------3,503 -------- -------- ----------- -----------

1,000

1,000

Millions
18,945
17,944
16,530
14,239
11,700

Bales
6,009,207
5,884,733
------- - -------- 5,786,330
------- - -------- 5,367,583
------- - -------- 4,704,978

Number
31,964,235
32,107,572
31,519,766
30,578,528
29,522,597

4,798,953
5,240,719
4,539,090
4,984,936
4,909,279

28,266,862
28,018,305
27,505,422
26,375,191
25,250,096

-98~03i - -80~9i6-

1900 __ 10,188,329
1899 __ 10,639,857
1898 __
8,932,857
1897 __
7,156,957
1896 __
5,281,689

6,684,770
7 ;586 ,354
6,609,017
5,475,315
3,919,906

3,398,135
2,947,316
2,230,292
1,608,671
1,298,700

100.562
101,213
89,747
69,959
60,689

4,862
4,974
3,801
3,012
2,394

9,487
10,294
8,513
7,002
5,516

381
369
352
363
330

39,500
36,700
37,500
34,500
35,900

109,200
100,200
83,700
64,300
90,000

3,873,165 19,472,232
3,870 -------4,367 67,700 -65:000- ----------- ----------4,843 -------- -------- ----------- ----------4,927 -------- -------- ----------- --------_ ... 4,967 -------- -------- ----------- - - -- .. ----

1895 __
1894 __
1893 __
1892 __
1891 __

6,114,834
4,412,032
4,019,995
4,927,581
3,904,240

4,909,128
3,571,313
3,215,686
4,168,435
3,247,417

1,137,182
784,936
737,890
669,889
579,753

67,666
51 ,702
63,613
84,709
72,586

858
4,081
2,806.
4,548
4,484

6,190
4,642
4,976
6,166
5,391

344
339
330
355
348

33,600
33,400
34,600
31,900
30,500

81,900
92,200
131,000
118,400
117,800

4,238
3,621
3,661
3,282
3,137

1890 __
1889 __
1888 __
1887 __
1886 __

4,277,071
3,385,732
2,899,440
3,339,071
2,562,503

3,688,871
2,930,204
2,511 ,161
2,936,033
2,269,190

513,232
374,543
314,318
322,069
218,973

71 ,175
75,865
70,279
75,375
71 ,973

3,793
5,120
3,682
5,594
2,367

6,023
5,237
4,617
5,236
4,371

325
319
281
299
288

27,600
25,100
24,700
23,100
20,700

111,100
91,100
71 ,700
79,400
81,800

2,505
2,413
2,212
1,865
1,607

1885 __
1884 __
1883 __
1882 __
1881 __

1,711 ,920
1,550,879
1,673,535
1,736,692
1,588,314

1,519,430
1,375,531
1,477,345
1,514,687
1,374,247

133,376
117,515
119,356
-143,341
131,202

57,599
53,270
71 ,835
75,973
80,145

1,515
4,563
4,999
2,691
2.720

3,101

283
251
276
238
244

19,200
19,000
17,800
17,000
14,300

76,400
76,500
75,300
107,300
119,500

1,080
920
844
599
595

1880 __
1879 __
1878 __
1877 __
. 1876 __

1,247,335
935,273
731,977
569,618
533,191

1,074,262
829,439
653,773
500,524
469,639

100,851
50,259
32.,255
22,349
19,187

64,664
50,696
38,309
36,098
35,163

7,558
4,879
7,640
10,647
9,202

1875 __
1874 __
1873 __
1872 __
1871 __

389,799
215,727
198,796
142,954
73,214

335,283
171 ,369
152,368
107,239
40,179

8,080
6,250
3,125
2,679
1,785

1870 __
1869 __
1868 __
1867 __

35,180 11 ,256
5,672
32,436
31,059 12,244
6,911
26,125
31,250

37,500
68,750
1,339
29,911
31,250
19,643
10.714
893
26,786
7,589 -----------19,197
19,643
2,679 -----------16,964
1860 _____________________________________________________ _
1850 _____________________________________________________ _
1840 _______________ ; _____________________________________ _

13,300
11 ,100
-------- ---------- 10,200
-------- ---------- .9,800
-------- ---------- 9,900
215

--------

--.-------

-------- ----------------- ----------------...

----------

_- ... _-_ ... ..... _-------

----------------- ... ----------------

-------- - ---------------- - ---------------- ... ---------

1 Electric only after 1920; "all other" only prior to 1910; between 1910 and 1920
preponderatelyelectric.
2 Barrels of not more than 31 wine gallons. Includes data for Alaska, Hawaii,
and Puerto Rico.
8 In computing taxable gallons all fractional parts of a proof gallon less than
one-tenth are excluded.
4 Data relate to products manufactured in continental United States, excluding
those manufactured in bonded manufacturing warehouses. Figures refer to large
and small cigarettes and small cigars.
5 "Scoured" wool plus "greasy" wool reduced to a scoured basis, assuming
average yields varying with class, origin, grade, and whether shorn or pulled.
6 Figures beginning with 1930 are notstrictly comparable with earlier years
owing to the fact that large quantities of heavy footwear now included .with
men's shoes Were included with "Athletic" (not shown here) prior to 1927. Data
for men's shoes for 1941-1944 include government shoes.

_-

--------

--------

----------- -----------

-------- -------- ----------- ------------------ -------- ----------- - -----------"------ .. -------- .. - ------------------ -------- ----- ... ----- -----------

--------

-------- -------- 2,518,409 14,384,180


-------- -------- ----------- -------- ...
-------- -------- ----------- ------------------ ... _---- ----------- .. ---------~-

-_

-------- -------- ----------- ------------------ -------- ----------- ------------------ -------- ----------- ------------------ -------- ----------- --------------------- ------------------------- -------- ----------- -----------

91,400
533 -------- -------- !( 1,570,344 a 10,653,435
72,900 -------- -------- -------.... -------- .. _--------57,300 -------- -------- -------- ----------- ----------61,400 -------- -------- -------- ----------- .. -- .. ----58,600 -------- -------- -------- ----- --- --- -----------

-_

-_

9,500
9,600
9,600
8,700
7,700

62,700
69,600
71 ,200
69,400
57,000

-------- -------- -------- ----------- --- --------------- -------- ----------- ------------------ -------- -------- ---------- ... ------------------ -------- -------- ----------- ----- .. ------------ -"------- -------- ----------- -----------

6,600

72,600

-------- - ------- --------

--------

796,616

- ------- - -------- - ------- .-------- - ------- ... ---------------.---- ------- - -------- - ------- ------- ...
- ----"--- - -------- ... ------- - ------- - ------- - ----------

845,410
575,506
236,525

7,132,415
--------------- ... -----

-----------

5,235,727
3,998,022
2,284,631

7 The quantities are in running bales, except for 1840 to 1870,which are in equivaent 500-pound bales.
e Includes all spindles active on cotton at some time during the year.
. 9 Includes data for Government shoes.
10 Alcoholic content limited to 3.2 percent by weight from April 7 to December
5, 1933.
lJ Includes 1,588,788 barrels, produced prior to April 7 (effective date of the Act
of March 22, 1933).
l2 No legal production.
13 Does not include foreign cotton.
14 Cotton mills only.

187

Chapte~

Railroads: Series K 1-93

K. Transportation (Series K 1-273)

prepared by copying data from the various annual issues of Poor's


Manual of Railroads, 1869-1900.
K 1-93. General note. Because of the long period during which
For detailed figures on miles built, and existent, see also Tenth
it has been under Federal regulation, and because of the degree of
Census Reports,' vol. IV, Report on the Agencies of Transportation
its consolidation, there is an extensive coverage of important stain the United States, section by Armin Shuman, entitled "Statististical items relating to the railway industry. The Statistics of
tical Report of the Railroads of the United States, 1880." In that
Railways in the United States, published annually by the Interreport (pp. 289-293, 300-375) the materials on history of construcstate Commerce Commission since 1888, is the most important
tion include figures on mileage built and existent, by groups of
source for steam railway statistics. Various other periodical reports
States, for individual companies, annually from 1830 to 1880. The
. are also' issued by the Interstate Commerce Commission. The
same data were carried forward to 1890,' in somewhat different
Association of American Railroads supplements official railway
form in Report on Transportation Business in the United States at
statistics with various publications and releases.
the Eleventh Census: 1890, part 1, section by Henry C. Adams on
The term "steam railways", as used here, includes electrified "Statistics of Steam Railroad Transportation," pp. 3-5, 54-107.
divisions operated by such carriers. Following are descriptions of Data for 1890 shown in these series do not agree with 1890 data
the classes of railways condensed from the source volume, 1944 shown for series K 28-51 because of differing sources.
issue, p. 1. Steam railway operating companies are those whose
K 18-27. Railroads: Capital, property investment, income and
officers direct the actual transportation service and whose books
expenses, 1850 to 1890. SOURCE: See text for series K 1-17.
contain operating as well as financial accounts. Lessor companies
RAILROADS, 1890-1945 (K 28-93)
maintain a separate legal existence, but their properties are operated by the lessees. Proprietary companies are also nonoperating
K 28-51. Mileage, equipment, passenger and freight service,
companies. Their outstanding capitalization is owned by other for operating steam railways,189G-1945. SOURCE: Interstate Comrailway companies. Circular indicates roads (operating or non- merce Commission, Statistics of Railways in the United States, 1944
operating) for which brief circulars showing date of incorporation, and 1945, table 155. See also general note, series K 1-93, above.
mileage, and a few other facts were filed with the Interstate Com- No attempt has been made to adjust these figures for the effect
merce Commission. They include intrastate roads and roads under of changes in methods of accounting or reporting, hence the data
construction. Unofficial indicates roads for which official returns for the various years are often only approximately comparable.
were not received (by the ICC), the figures having been taken
K 28. Number of operating steam railways, 1890-1945. SOURCE:
from the returns by carriers in prior years, and items contained in See text for series K 28-51: For definition of the terms, operating,
railway and engineering periodicals and newspapers, corrected in circular, and unofficial, see general note for series K 1-93.
accordance with the best information available.
K 29-33. Mileage of operating steam railways, 1890-1945.
Switching and terminal companies are those operating separately SOURCE: See text for series K 28-51. For series K 30, see Ass'n
for joint account or for revenue. Services such as those of switching of Amer. R. R., Growth of Railway Mileage in the U. S ... (mimeo.),
and terminal companies are mostly performed directly by the line- and Statistical Abstract, 1947, p. 507.
haul carriers as an ordinary part of their business. Line haul deRoad owned (series K 29) refers to the mileage of track owned
notes train movements between terminals and stations on main by reporting companies. Mileage of track operated (series K 30)
and branch lines of the road, exclusive of switching.
represents the mileage operated by the same companies and inFor statistical purposes, operating companies have been classified cludes a certain amount of duplication in track mileage figures as
since 1911 on the basis of operating revenues. Those of class I have a result of trackage rights agreements. Under an agreement as to
annual revenues of above $1,000,000; class II above $100,000; class trackage rights, more than one railway company may be operating
III below $100,000. Companies are not reclassified every year.l track which only one owns. Duplication in reporting occurs beThe relative importance of class I railroads has increased since cause each company includes in its total mileage of track operated,
1911 because of the growth of traffic and the absorption of small the track operated under trackage rights. Miles of road (series
roads in larger systems. The ratio of operating revenues of class I K 31) refers to miles of first main track only.
K 34-38. Equipment, 1890-1945. SOURCE: See text for series
line-haul companies to the total revenues of classes I, II, and III
was 96.48 percent in 1911, 97.45 percent in 1916, 98.07 percent in K 28-51. Tractive effort (series K 35) refers to the force in pounds
exerted by powered equipment which for statistical purposes is
1926, 98.76 percent in 1941, and 99.06 percent in 1945.
A collection of definitions of words or phrases frequently used measured at the rim of the driving wheels.
K 39-42. Passenger service, 1890-1945. SOURCE: See text for
in discussions of railway statistics has been issued by the Interstate Commerce Commission, entitled Railway Statistical Terms, series K 28-51.
Passenger revenue (series K 39) does not include revenue from
Statement No. 4119, June 1941. For financial terms, see Interstate
Commerce Commission, Uniform System of Accounts for Steam passenger services such as handling of excess baggage or mail;
sleeping and parlor or chair car reservations; dining and buffet
Railroads.
service on trains; station, train, and boat privileges; parcel rooms;
RAILROADS BEFORE 1890 (K 1-27)
storage of baggage; or other miscellaneous services and facilities
K 1-17. Railroads: Mileage, equipment, and passenger and connected with the transportation of passengers. Eevenue from
freight service, 1830-1890. SOURCE: Interstate Commerce Com- transportation of passengers depends upon the established tariffs
mission, Statement No. 32151, Railway Statistics Before 1890, (the published schedule of rates and fares) and does include extra
Washington, 1932 (mimeographed). The source document was fares on limited trains, additional railway fares for the exclusive
U13e of space, mileage and scrip coupons honored, and revenue from
I If the revenues of a class I company fall below $1,000,000, it may neverthethe transportation of corpses. Revenue per passenger mile (series
less be retained in class I until a permanent change is in prospect.
188

RAILROADS
K 42) is derived by dividing passenger revenue (series K 39) by
passenger miles (series K 41).

K 43-51. Freight service, class I, II, III railways, 1890-1945.


SOURCE: See text for series K 28-51. These data are for revenue
freight only; that is, shipments from which earnings accrue to the
carrier on the basis of tariff rates.
Freight revenue (series K. 43) represents revenue from the transportation of freight and from transit, stop, diversion, and reconsignment arrangements upon the basis of tariffs. It does not include freight service revenue from such activities as switching of
freight-train cars; water transfers of freight, vehicles, and livestock; movement of freight trains at a rate per train-mile or for
a lump sum; storage of freight; demurrage; grain elevators; stockyards; or other 'miscellaneous services and facilities connected
with the transportation of freight.
Revenue tons originated (series K 44) refers to shipments not
identified as having had previous line-haul transportation by other
rail carriers; such shipments include import traffic and traffic
from outlying 1?ossessions of the United States received from water
carriers at the port of entry, and finished products from transit
points.
A revenue ton-mile represents the movement of a ton of 2,000
poun5is of revenue freight a distance of one mile.
K 52-59. Tons of revenue freight originated, class I railways,
1911-1945. SOURCE: For 1911-1944, see Association of American
Railroads, Bureau of Railway Economics, A' Statistical Record of
Railroad Transportation in the United States, Washington, D. C.,
October 1945, p.16; for 1945, see Interstate Commerce Commission,
Statistics of Railways in the United States, 1945, table 50, p. 41.
All data shown here are derived from the annual issues of Statistics of Railways in the United States.
For a definition of revenue freight originated, see text above for
series K 43-51. A carload, for statistical purposes, is a shipment
of not less than 10,000 pounds of one commodity from one consignor to one consignee. See also general note for series K 1-93.
K 60-67. Capital and property investment, class I, II, and 'III
railways and their lessors, 1890-1945. SOURCE: See text for series
K 28-51. See also general note for series K 1-93.
Investment in road and equipment (series K 60-61) refers to the
cost of railway companies of land, fixed improvements such as
roadbed and track, and rolling stock acquired for transportation
purposes, which are owned by them, including property held under
contract for purchase. Book investment (series K 60) represents
the amount at which assets are recorded in the accounts of carriers; also called ledger value. Depreciation reserve (series K61)
represents the fund established by companies to offset the loss in
service value not restored by current maintenance. The loss in
value is incurred in connection with the consumption or prospective retirement of physical property in the course of service from
causes against which carriers are not protected by insurance,
which are known to be in current operation, and the effect of which
can be forecast with a reasonable approach to accuracy. Funded
debt unmatured (series K 65) refers to unmatured debt maturing
more than two years from date of issue.
K 68-70. Capital expenditures for additions and betterments,
class I railways, 1921-1945. SOURCE: Association of American
Railroads, Bureau of Railway Economics. For 1921-1945, see
Railroads in This Century, Washington, D. C., July 1947, p. 11.
Additions comprise: Additional facilities such as additional
equipment (rolling stock), tracks, buildings and other structures;
additions to such facilities, such as extensions to tracks, buildings
and other structures; additional ties laid in existing tracks; and
additional devices applied to facilities such as air brakes applied
to cars not previously thus equipped.
Betterments comprise improvements of existing facilities through
the substitution of superior parts for inferior parts retired, such

Text: K 39-94

as the substitution of steel-tired wheels for cast wheels under


equipment, the application of heavier rail in tracks, the strengthening of bridges by the substitution of heavier members, and the
application of superior floors or roofs in buildings.
K 71-81. Income and expenses, and interest and dividends.
1890-1945. SOURCE: See text for series K 28-51. See also general
note for series K 1-93.
Operating revenue (series K 71) represents the money which carriers become entitled to receive. from transportation and from
operations incident thereto. Operating expenses (series K 72-74)
represent the expenditures and charges for maintaining railway
property and conducting transportation and incidental services,
including accruals for depreciation. Operating income (series K 75)
represents the~ net revenue from railway operations (operating
revenue lllinus operating expenses) less railway tax accruals. Tax
accruals (series K 76) are taxes imposed by any form of government
whether based on an assessed value of the property, on amounts
of stocks and bonds, on earnings, income, dividends declared,
pay roll, number of passengers, quantity of freight, length of road,
rolling stock or other basis. Tax accruals do not include special
assessments for street and other improvements, nor special benefit
taxes such as water assessments.
Net operating income (series K 77) represents operating revenue
remaining after considering operating expenses, tax accruals,
equipment rents, and joint facility rents (rents for use of yards,
tracks, station, terminals, and other facilities used in common
with others). Net income (series K 78) is the remainder after deducting from total income the following: Miscellaneous deductions from income, fixed charges, and contingent charges. Dividends declared (series K 80) are the returns to stockholders declared payable from income or surplus on actually outstanding
capital stock issued or assumed by carriers. For definition of
funded debt, see text for series K 60-67.
K 82-83. Employment and wages, 1890-1945. SOURCE: See text
for series K 28-51. An employee as defined here is a person in the
service of a railway, subject to its continuing authority to supervise and direct the manner of rendition of his service. Persons such
as lawyers engaged to render only specifically defined service for
specific cases and not under general or continuing retainer are
not classed as employees.
K 84-93. Railway accidents and fatalities, 1891-1945. SOURCE:
Interstate Commerce Commission, Accident Bulletin-No. 114,
Summary and Analysis of Accidents on Steam Railways . .. , 1945.
The Accident Reports Act approved May 1910 requires the filing
of monthly reports of railway accidents and authorizes the Interstate Commerce Commission to investigate accidents. A reportable
accident is one arising from the operation of a railway resulting ...
in the death of a person; or in the disability of an employee for
more than 3 days during the 10 days following the accident; or in
the disability of others for more than 1 day.

Shipping and Water Traffic: Series K 94-173


K 94-173. General note. Basic governmental sources of histor-

ical merchant-marine and water-traffic statistics of the United


States include American State Papers: Class IV, Commerce and
Navigation, vols. 1 and 2, which cover the period 1789-1823; the
various annual issues of Foreign Commerce and Navigation of the
United States,2 beginning in 1821, currently prepared by the Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census; the Annual Report
of the Commissioner of Navigation, 1884-1923, originally prepared
by the Treasury Department, later by the Department of Commerce and Labor, and finally by the Department of Commerce;
annual issues of Merchant Marine Statistics, 1924 to the present,
originally prepared by the Department of Commerce to take the
place of the statistical section of the Annual Report of the Commissioner of Navigation, and now issued annually by the Treasury
7

Before 1888, this publication was titled Commerce and Na!1igatioll .

189

Text: K 94-131

TRANSPORTATION

Department, Bureau of Customs; and the various annual issues


of the Annual Report of the Office of the Chief of Engineers, United
States Army.
Congressional documents also are a prolific source of historical
series on the merchant marine, foreign commerce, and related
fields. Such documents frequently contain special reports prepared
by Government Bureaus, with charts, and discussive and interpretative material, in addition to background information brought
out in the hearings on the particular bill or subject. For the period
1789-1882, a particularly valuable collection of documents was
found in the library of the Department of Commerce, bound
together under the title Decadence of American Shipping and
Compulsory Pilotage. The documents included are as follows:
Foreign Commerce and Decadence of American Shipping, comprising
H. R. Exec. Doc. No. 111, 41st Congress, 2nd Session; Causes of
the' Reduction of American Tonnage and the Decline of Navigation
Interest . .. comprising H. R. Report No. 28, 41st Congress, 2nd
Session; Foreign Commerce and the Practical Workings of Maritime
Reciprocity, comprising H. R. Exec. Doc. No. 76, 41st Congress,
3rd Session; Causes of the Decadence of Our Merchant Marine;
Means for Its Restoration and the Extension of Our Foreign Commerce, comprising H. R. Report No. 342, 46th Congress, 3rd Session; Americ;an Shipping, comprising H. R. Report No. 1827,
47th Congress, 2nd Session; American Merchant Marine, comprising H. R. Report No. 363, 48th Congress, 1st Session; Ship-Building and Ship-Owning Interests, comprising H. R. Report No. 750,
48th Congress, 1st Session; and reports of lesser interest, comprising H. R. Mis. Doc. No. 37 and Report No. 1848, both of the 48th
Congress, 1st Session. .
For the period since 1921, pUblications of the U. S. Maritime
Commission and its predecessor agencies (U. S. Shipping Board
Bureau, Department of Commerce, and the U. S. Shipping Board)
also should be consulted, particularly the reports entitled, OceanGoing Merchant Fleets of Principal Maritime Nations, Iron and
Steel, Steam and Molar, Ve$sels of 2,000 Gross Tons and Over, issued quarterly or semiannually, 1921-1941, and Employment of
American Flag Steam and Motor Merchant Vessels of 1,000 Gross
Tons and Over,issued quarterly, 1923-1941. Finally, the Bureau
of the Census has published the results of five censuses of water
transportation, as follows: 1880, 1889, 1906, 1916, and 1926. No
data from these censuses are included here; for coverage of the
censuses, see general note for series K 94-131, below.

size, boilers, engines, draft, etc., by major vessel type. The second,
Employment of American Flag Steam and Motor Merchant Vessels ... J shows for seagoing merchant vessels of 1,000 gross tons
and over the number and tonnage of such vessels employed in
United States foreign and domestic trade, arranged by major ves
sel type, ownership (government and private), and area in which
operating. Statistics from these reports are not included in this
edition of Historical Statistics.
With respect to the five censuses of water transportation which
were taken by the U. S. Bureau of the Census (see general note for
series K 94-173, above), the first census, which was for the year
1880, was limited to steam vessels. In addition to detailed data
for the census year, the report includes a detailed history of steam
navigation in the United States with separate discussion and
single-year construction statistics by geographic region, from the
beginning to 1880. (See Report on Steam Navigation in the United
States, by T. C. Purdy, in Tenth Census Reports, 1880, vo1. IV.)
A shipbuilding census also was taken the same year. The report
includes a detailed technical history of shipbuilding in all aspects,
with particular reference to sailing craft. Single-year figures are
shown for New England shipbuilding, 1674-1714, classified by
type of vessel and place where built. (See Report on the ShipBuilding, .Industry ..of,the, United States, by HenrY'HaU, in Tenth
Census Reports, 1880, vol. VIII.)
The second census (1889), and third census (1906), each included all classes of vessels. However, the 1889 census included
fishing vessels- for the Pacific Division only; the 1906 included
no fishing vessels. The fourth a~d fifth censuses (1916 and 1926)
provided data for all American, documented and undocumented,
vessels and craft of 5 tons net register and over, whether propelled
by machinery, or sails, or unrigged, except: Yachts of 15 gross
tons or under; stationary wharf boats, scows, or craft used for
storage purposes; houseboats without propelling machinery; craft
operating exclusively on the waters of the Philippine Islands, or
between these islands and foreign ports; noncommercial vessels
owned by the Federal Government; and American-owned vessels
under foreign registry. (See Department of Commerce, Bureau
of the Census, Water Transportation, 1926, p. 5.) While the reports
of the census of 1850 and those 'of the census of 1860 contain some
statistics relating to water transportation, these statistics apparently were collected by other agencies.
I

Census' statistics on water transportation are not included in


this
edition of Historical Statistics. For reports of these cenMERCHANT FLEET (K 94-131)
suses, see Tenth Census Reports, vol. IV, Report on Agencies of
K 94-131. General note. SOURCES: Basic governmental sources Transportation, 1880; Eleventh Census Reports, Report on Transfor statistics in this field are listed in the general note for series portation Business, part 1, "Transportation by Water"; TransK 94-173, above. For the period 1789-1936, the statistics used portation by Water, 1906; Water Transportation, 1916; and Water
here are from Merchant Marine Statistics, 1936; for 1937-1945,
Transportation, 1926. All of these are reports of the Bureau of the
data are from subsequent annual issues, supplemented by records Census or its predecessor, the Census Office.
of the Bureau of Customs, Treasury Department. The text stateDefinitions. The following definitions are those currently apments, and the correction of copying and typographical errors
observed in historical tables, are based on reference to the primary plicable. Data shown here are for documented merchant vessels
antecedent sources, as follows: For 1789-1823, see American only, exclusive of yachts.
Documented vessels include all vessels granted registers, enrollState Papers: Class IV, Commerce and Navigation, vols. 1 and 2
(published in 1834); for 1821-1892, see annual issues of Commerce ments and licenses, or licenses, as "vessels of the United States,"
and Navigation of the United States (titled Foreign Commerce and as such have certain benefits and privileges. Vessels of 5 net
and Navigation . .. , beginning in 1888); for 1884-1923, see issues tons and over owned by citizens of the United States and otherof Annual Report of the Commissioner of Navigation; for 1924- wise complying with the requirements for documentation may be
1945, see annual issues of Merchant Marine Statistics. These pub- documented to engage in the foreign or coasting trades or the
lications provide statistics in copious detail and cover many sub';' fisheries.
Registers are ordinarily issued to vessels engaged in the foreign
jects which space problems have excluded from this edition of
Historical Statistics. Historical tables will be found in these source trade or the whale fisheries. Historically, this group has included
the major portion of the whaling fleet.
volumes up to and including Merchant Marine Statistics, 1936.
Enrollments and licenses are issued to vessels of 20 net tons
Of the U. S. Maritime Commission reports cited in the general and over engaged in the coasting trade or fisheries.
Licenses may be issued to vessels of less than 20 net tons ennote for series K 94-173, above, the first, Ocean-Going Merchant
Fleets . . . , provides data for each leading maritime nation on gaged in the coasting trade or fisheries.
Undocumented craft are those not registered, enrolled, or liocean-going merchant vessels of 2,000 gross tons and over, showing number and tonnage of such fleets classified by age, speed, censed. Barges, scows, lighters, and canal boats, without any pro190

SHIPPING AND WATER TRAFFIC


pelling power of their own, operated exclusively in a harbor, on
the canals or other internal waters of a State, or on the rivers or
lakes of the United States, not in any case carrying passengers;
and vessels under 5 net tons are exempt from the requirements
of the laws governing documentation.
Gross tonnage refers to space measurement, 100 cubic feet being
called 1 ton; it is not a measure of weight. Gross tonnage is the
capacity of the entire space within the frames and the ceiling of
the hull, together with those closed-in spaces above deck available for cargo, stores, passengers, or crew, with certain minor
exemptions. Before Jan. 1, 1865, 95 cubic feet equalled one ton,
and the admeasurement method differed in other respects.

Text: K 94-131

sels annually resulted in a cumulative error which inflated the


statistics of tonnage. When general clearances of this cumulative
error were made, the effect was concentrated in a single year or
small group of years.
For a basic statement on this sub1ect, see American State Papers:
Class IV, Commerce and Navigation, vol. 1, p. 494, where Albert
Gallatin, Secretary of the Treasury, outlines the problem and
discusses the first attempt (1800) to deal with it. Recurrently,
in the annual tonnage reports found in the source volumes, the
problem is discussed, the announcement is made that the rolls
have been finally cleared, and assurance is given that the problem
has been solved for the future. However, as late as 1867, in spite
of repeated clearances in earlier years, the "First Annual Report
of the Director of the Bureau of Statistics" stated, "The tonnage
returns were swelled with thousands of ghostly ships-ships that
had gone to the bottom years ago." (See Annual Report of the
Secretary of the Treasury, 1867, p. 244.)

Changes in maritime law: Admeasurement method. "Admeasurement" refers to the method of calculating gross tonnage of ships
or vessels. The first law of the United States on the subject appears to have been enacted September 1,1789 (1 Stat. 55; that is,
vol. 1 of United States Statutes at Large, p. 55). The enactment
then made was reenacted with certain minor amendments in the
. In 1869, the Register of the Treasury attributed the entire
Acts of August 4, 1790 (1 Stat. 169) and of March 2, 1799 (1 Stat. decline of tonnage reported for 1869 to this factor. (See Treasury
675), and as so enacted was in force until January 1, 1865.
Report, 1869, p. 300.) In the same year, Francis A. Walker, Deputy
A basic change in admeasurement method was provided in the Special Commissioner of Revenue in Charge of the Bureau of
Act of May 6, 1864, effective JanualY 1, 1865 (13 Stat. 70-72, Statistics, stated that the process of assigning a number to each
R. S. 4153, 46 U. S. C. 77. That is, vol. 13 of United States Statutes vessel and the institution of an annual list of vessels, as required
at Large, pp. 70-72; Revised Statutes of the United States, sec. 4153; by the Act of July 28, 1866, "has succeeded in clearing from the
or Title 46 in United States Code, sec. 77). The method described ~ lists of vessels . . . a vast amount of purely fictitious tonnage,
in the Act of May 6, 1864, appears to have been substantially which had been carried forward from year to year [although]
thousands of vessels which this tonnage originally represented
the same as that in force in 1945.
For the transition period, 1865-1868, the total tonnage figures had beEm meanwhile lost at sea, broken up, or sold abroad." (See
Treasury Report, 1869, p. 342.)
for the fleet are "mixed". That is, during those years, the total
fleet tonnage was obtained by combining the "old admeasureIn the "balance sheets of tonnage" published annually in the
ment" tonnage of vessels not yet readmeasured and the "new ad- source volumes, clearances of cumulative error are generally
measurement" tonnage of vessels which had been readmeasured identified as "not heretofore credited" to distinguish them from
or newly built. For a recapitulation of the "old" and "new" com- listings of removals of the various types routinely reported as
ponents of the fleet tonnage (not the same vessels) for each year, having occurred during the given year.
1865-1868, see Commerce and Navigation, 1870, p. 798.
Some of the more important clearances of this cumulative error,
Notable has been located comparing the tonnage of a substan- and the tons of shipping thereby removed, .were: 1800-1801,
tial number of vessels under "new" and "old" admeasurement; 197,000; 1811, amount not stated but the effect is evident in series
hence, neither the magnitude nor the direction of the change can K 95; 1818, 182,000; 1829-30, 604,000; 1837, 96,000; 1841-42,
be stated here. Apparently it varied for different types of vessels. 267,000; and 1855-58, 945,000.
That is, "brigs, schooners, and sloops measure less under the 'new'
In later years, the terms "obsolete," "obsolete,iiot heretofore
admeasurement ... while ships, barks, steam boats, and vessels
reported,"
and "correction of balance" found in annual balance
having closed-in spaces above their hulls have their tonnage
largely increased." Further, the difference between "old" and sheets of tonnage, frequently reflect removal of cumulative errors.
"new" was not believed to affect a comparison of New England Examples are (in tons): 1864, 188,000; 1866, 1,063,000; 1867,
shipbuilding for the years 1855 and 1868. (See Treasury Annual 260,000; 1868, 128,000; 1869, 338,000; 1870, 58,000; 1871, 103,000;
1881, 157,000. These major clearances are inadequately reflected
Report, 1868, p. 496.)
in series K 118. It is not clear why these and other items in the
Changes in maritime law: Exemptions from documentation. An- annual balance sheets of tonnage do not correspond with additions
other type of change in maritime law affecting the statistics is and removals recorded in series K 106-118.
illustrated by the Act of April 18, 1874 (18 Stat. 31), which exData shown for 1789-1818. For 1789-1793 (series K 95-104),
empted the greater amount of canal boat and other unrigged
tonnage from documentation. (See U. S. Code, title 46, sec. 336.) tonnage figures are the "duty tonnage," that is, the tonnage of
For the years 1874-1876, the "balance sheets of tonnage," pub- vessels on which duties were collected during the year. (See Amerlished annually in the source volumes, record the removal of 879,000 ican State Papers: Class IV, Commerce and Navigation, vol. 1,
tons of vessels for this reason alone. (These "balance sheets" ex- p. 895.) The "duty tonnage" appears to have been the tonnage on
plain by category the increases and decreases in tonnage for the which duties were collected on registered vessels, including "the
given, year.) However, Merchant Marine Statistics, 1936, lists repeated voyages of the same vessel," plus tonnage of the enrolled
843,000 tons exempted in 1876, whereas the 1876 balance sheet of and licensed vessels which paid tonnage duties once each year.
tonnage specifies 601,000 tons exempted. The reason for this dis- (See American State Papers, same volume, pp. 494, 498, 528.)
Beginning 1794, "district tonnage returns" were used, derived
crepancy is not clear.
from
reports of District Collectors of Customs, which gave the
The tonnage exempted annually, 1874 to 1936, is shown on pp.
tonnage of vessels in each district based on registers, enrollments,
54-55 Merchant Marine Statistics, 1936; these data are included
and licenses outstanding, as of Dec. 31.
in the present volume as a component of series K 118.
.Problems in statistical reporting: Clearance of tonnage accounts.
For 1794-1801, figures are district tonnage returns, with no atAt irregular intervals, steps were taken to clear (remove) from
tempt to correct for the cumulative error caused by failure to remove vessels lost, abandoned, sold to aliens, etc. (See American
the tonnage accounts those vessels lost, abandoned, captured,
sold t9 aliens, etc., which had not been officially reported for re- State Papers; same volume, pp. 494, 499.) The figures for 1800movalpurposes. From the outset, tb:i failure to remove such ve:;- 1801 ignore the first clearing of tonnage accounts which took place

of

191

Text: K 94-131

TRANSPORTATION

during these years. (See American Stale Papers, same volume, pp.
494-499, 527-531.) The correction for the cumulative error for
registered vessels only would reduce the 1800 total to 819,571 tons
and the 1801 total to 903,235 tons. The sharp drop attributable
to the clearing of tonnage accounts would thereby be shifted back
to 1800 instead of appearing in 1802. However, see the "actual
tonnage" series shown in table 1 and discussed below.
For 1802 to 1818, the figures in series K 95 consist ()f the "corrected registered" tonnage plus the enrolled or licensed tonnage
"which hath not yet been corrected" (as it was described in the
1813 tonnage report in American State Papers: Class IV, Commerce
and Navigation, vol. 1, p. 1017). The figures for 1811 and 1818
reflect two .additional attempts to clear out the cumulative error
of registered vessels improperly retained on the registers. (See
American State Papers: Class IV, Commerce and Navigation, vol.
1, pp. 876, 958, and vol. 2, p. 406.)
"Actual" tonnage, 1800-1818. The figures shown in table 1 are
those which were derived by a method authorized by Secretary of
the Treasury Gallatin. They were reported to Congress in the
annual tonnage reports in American State Papers as being the
"actual" or "more nearly correct" tonnage.
These were obtained by taking the "corrected registered tonnage" and adding to it the "duty tonnage" for enrolled and licensed
vessels. Since duties were paid only once each year on enrolled
and licensed vessels, and owners were not likely to pay duties on
nonexistent vessels, it was reasoned that the lower "duty tonnage"
figure more accurately reflected the true total for the enrolled
or licensed craft than did the district returns of tonnage based
on outstanding marine documents. This correction for enrolled
and licensed craft was dropped after 1818, probably because,
beginning 1819; the "duty tonnage" for this group exceeded the
district tonnage returns for the group.
u

TABLE l.- ACTUAL TONNAGE" OF DOCUMENTED VESSELS:


1800 TO 1818
(In thousands of gross tons]

WHl\,;H It:llt:\';\1

("Source" is Merchant Marine Stati8tic8, 1936 J


SERIES No.

K 94 _____________________________ _
K 95 _____________________________ _

K 96 _____________________________ _

K 97 ____________________________ _

K 98 _____________________________ _

K 99 _____________________________ _
K 101 ____________________________ _

K 102 ____________________________ _
K 103 ___ " ____ ._. _________________ _
K 104 ____________________________ _

K 105 ____________________________ _

95a
K 106 ___________________________ _

1,150
1,341
1,264

1808 ___________________ _
1807 ___________________ _
1806 ___________________ _

1,173
1,208
1,166

1815 ___________________ _
1814 ________ - __________ _
1813 ___________________ _
1812 ___________________ _
1811 ___________________ _

1,262
1,029
1,032
1,127
1,131

1805 ___________________ _
1804 ___________________ _
1803 ___________________ _
1802 ___________________ _
1801 ___________________ _

1,085
983
917
865
850

1810 ___________________ _
1809 ______________ --- ---

1,329
1,266

1800 ___________________ _

768

In this connection it may be observed that, in American State


Papers: Class IV, Commerce and Navigation, vol. 1, p. 499, the
tonnage described as "actual tonnage" in the comparative table
for 1794,-1799 is, in fact, the district returns of tonnage without
correction of any kind. Elsewhere in the tonnage report for 1800
(pp. 494-499), and in tonnage reports for later years, the term
"actual tonnage" normally means the district returns based on
outstanding marine documents (registers, enrollments, and licenses) corrected for cumulative error. In table 1, the term "actual
tonnage" is used in the latter sense; the figures are from annual
tonnage reports, 1800-1818, in American State Papers: Class IV,
Commerce and Navigation, vols. 1 and 2.
Conflicts, typographical errors, and omitted footnotes. Other
factors which require that historical interpretation of merchantvessel statistics should be made with some caution are the following: (1) In some instances, systematic differences in identically
de~cribed statistical series appear in the source volumes (see text

TABLE 2.-MERCHANT MARINE TONNAGE-CHANGES IN FIGURES FROM THOSE SHOWN IN SOURCE

YEAR

95a

192

n.

ing from different primary sources of data (see table 2); (2) trans
cription and typographical errors have crept into historical tables
in the source volumes in the process of repeated recopying and
retypesetting during the past 150 years; and (3) statistically
significant footnotes which appeared in early reports frequently
were dropped in later years.

Tons

Tons
YEAR

1818 ___________________ _
1817 ___________________ _
1816 ___________________ _

I ~r~J.~")
!~~ie~L:~L ~~!=~:~_~~:c_~~~i~:_~:~~bo.~~ding
series K 107 and
\';Vll11l\';\lll1~ ~t:llt:~
ugures, possibly orIglnat-

Year

In source
volume

In this
volume

1868

128,118

128,167

1886
1868
1817
1815

' 4,131,116
4,318,309
41 ;339 ,912
1,368,182

4,131,136
4,351,758
' 1,399,912
1,368,128

1928
1913
1851

14,343,679
5,335,541
582,607

14,346,679
I) ,333 ,247
583,607

1868
1863
1824
1817

2,475,067
4,357,537
1,367,453
1,330,986

2,508,516
4,579,537
1,367,553
1,390,986

1921
1913

1,232,728
1,043,347

1,242,728
1,045,641

1928

14 ,064,199

14,064,119

1858

2,301,408

2,301,18

1818

589,944

589,954

1927
1856

9,432,869
2,447,663

9,532,869
2.247,663

1833

101,666

101 ;636

1879
1878
1841
1831

79,855
86,447
77,783
170,189

79,885
86,547
77,873
107,189

1933
1924
1922
1901
1820
1819

-778,408
-544,171
+180,837
+359,479
+19,467
+35,516

-778,498
-544,177
+180,8S1
+359,379
+19,415
+35,567

1917

1,136,920

1,236,920

1901
1878

260,300
209,277

260,400
269,277

K 121 ____________________________ _

1893

134,308

134,368

K 122 ____________________________ _

1894

37,824

37.821

1901
1895

83,743
6,978

83,733
6,948

K 124 ____________________________ _

1936
1868

12,511,777
3,141,540

12,511,523
3,174.935

K 124a ____________________._______ _

1876
1873
1868

1,447,844
1,051,991
1,012,749

1,147,844
1,055,019
1,046,198

K 124b _______ ___________________ _

1873
1868

2,242,890
1,962,279

2,242,862
1,962,225

K 125 _____________-_______________ _

1932
1887

1,856,563
683,721

1,856,553
783,721

K 126 ____________________________ _

1868

481,271

481,218

K 127 ____________________________ _

1895
1894
1885

87,127
90,099
12,010

067,127
80,099
121,010

1917
1881

52,536
54,888

52,526
54,488

K 113 ____________________________ _

K 123 ____________________________ _

K 127a ___________________________ _
K 127b ___________________________ _
K 128 ____________________________ _

1881

54,801

54,861

1914
1910
1892

64,523
184,289
60,710

64,550
174,239
60,770

1 Number of vessels. 'As shown in table 10. p. 16, of source. I As shown in table
16, p. 30, of source. 'As shown in table 10, p. 14, of soW'ce. I AI!I shown in table 16,
p. 28, of source.

SHIPPING AND WATER TRAFFIC


Finally, (4) caution is suggested in referring back to the earlier
volumes in the search for explanations of discrepancies or major
changes, since the earlier historical table found may reflect the
same or similar errors. Where discrepancies in historical data are
encountered in the- source volumes, it is suggested that the detailed tables be consulted in the volume for the year in question.
To locate and to clear up all discrepancies of the types noted
above would require exhaustive research in the source publications. In this edition of Historical Statistics, a number of the copying and typesetting errors have been corrected where the exact
nature of the discrepancy could be settled quickly beyond reasonable doubt; several broad differences in figures have been pointed
out; and a few detailed tabular notes have been added based on
notes found, or situations observed, in various annual issues
selected largely at random. In the tabular presentation for series
K 94-131, boldface is employed for figures which differ from those
shown in Merchant Marine Statistics, 1936. Also, for convenience
in reference, these changes are listed in table 2.

K 94-95. Documented merchant vessels: Total number, 18681945; and gross tonnage, 1789-1945. SOURCE: For 1789-1936, see
Merchant Marine Statistics, 1936, pp. 14-17; for 1937-1945, data
are from subsequent annual issues, supplemented by records of
the Bureau of Customs, Treasury Department. See also general
note for series K 94-131.
Figures for 1789-1793 are for "duty tonnage"; that is, for vessels on which tonnage duties were paid during the year ending
Dec. 31, except that figures. for 1789 are for the last 5 months of
the year only. Figures for 1794-1945 represent documented vessels
as of Dec. 31 for 1794-1834: Sept. 30,1835-1842; June 30,18431940; Jan. 1, 1941-1945.
Figures in boldface differ from those in Merchant Marine Statistics, 1936. (See table 2 in general note for series K 94-131.) Two
special cases are: (1) In series K 94 and K 95, the figures for 1868
(28,167 vessels and 4,351,758 tons) are from p. 30 of Merchant
Marine Statistics, 1936. The figures on pp. 16 and 26 of that
volume (28,118 vessels and 4,318,309 tons) fail to include 49 sailing vessels of 33,449 tons on the New England Coast which, in
1868, were still under "old admeasurement." (See Commerce and
Navigation, 1868, pp. 45 and 93.) This tonnage correction appears
also in series K 97, K 124, and K 124a. (2) In series K 95 and K 97,
the 1817 figure (1,399,912 tons) from p. 28 of the source is used
instead of the figure on p. 14 (1,339,912 tons) where an error of
60,000 tons in the sailing figure is carried to the total.
~. In series K 95, figures for 1936 and 1943 are unrevised. Revised
figures, provided by Bureau of Customs, are 14,496,693 tons for
1936 and 16,761,746 tons for 1943; these equal the summation of
figures in series K 99-100. However, the unrevised figures have
been' retained in series K 95 since detail adjustments were lacking
for series K 96-98 and K 101-104.
K 96-98. Documented merchant vessels: Major class, 17891945. SOURCE: Same as for series K 94-95. See also general note
for series K 94-131. For effective dates, see text for series K 94-95.
The table in the source volume on which series K 96-98 is based
shows separate figures for steam, motor, canal boats, and barges.
Figures in boldface differ from those in Merchant Marine Statistics, 1936. (See table 2 in general note for series K 94-131.) The
changes for 1868 and 1817 are explained in the text for series
K 94-95. The reason why the 1822 figures for series K 96-97 do
not add to total in series K 95 is not clear; other distributions add
to the total shown.
K 99-100. Documented merchant vessels: Material of which
built, 1884-1945. SOURCE: For 1884, see Annual Report of Commissioner of Navigation, 1884, table 29, p. 161; for 1885--1936,
see Merchant Marine Statistics, 1936, pp. 33-34; for 1937-1945,
same as for series K 94-95. For effective dates, see text for series
K 94-95. See also general note for series K 94-131.

Text: K 94-105

The source volume classifies each material by steam, motor,


sail, canal boat, and barge. Series K 99 (metal) includes iron, steel,
composite, and concrete. These figures are for all documented
vessels in existence on the reporting date, irrespective of year
built; they are not merely for ships built during the year.
In series K 99 (metal) the figure in boldface for 1928 differs from
that in Merchant Marine Statistics, 1936. (See table 2 in general
note for series K 94-131.)
K 101-104. Documented merchant vessels: Type of trade in
which engaged, 1789-1945. SOURCE: For 1789-1936, see Merchant
Marine Statistics, 1936, pp. 28-31; for 1937-1945, same as for
series K 94-95. For effective dates, see text for series K 94-95.
See also general note for series K 94-131.
The source volume shows also the number of vessels engaged in
each type of trade as well as tonnage.
The statutes do not recognize for documenting purposes any
fisheries except the cod and mackerel, and the whale. Vessels en. gaged in catching any other fish, such as salmon or menhaden, are
documented for the mackerel fishery.-In early reports figures identified as "registered," or as "registered in foreign trade," commonly include the registered vessels
engaged in the whale fishery. Accordingly, figures on "whale
fishery" found in early reports should be examined carefully to
determine whether they represent the entire whaling fleet or only
the "enrolled or licensed" portion.
In terms of documentation as "registered," "enrolled," "licensed," series K 101-104, is composed broadly as follows:
K 101 (foreign trade) represents the total "registered" minus
"registered whale fishery."
K 102 (coastwise and internal) represents that portion of the
enrolled or licensed group engaged in this trade. The rest of the
enrolled or licensed group is. in series K 104 (cod and mackerel
fisheries).
.
K 103 (whale fishery) is the "registered whale fishery" portion
of the registered fleet plus the "whale fishery" portion of the
enrolled or licensed fleet.
K 104 (cod and mackerel fishery) is the cod and mackerel fishery
portion of the enrolled or licensed fleet. The rest of .the enrolled
or licensed group is in series K 102 (coastwise and internal).
Finally, the term "fisheries" as used in early volumes usually
refers to cod, and later to cod and mackerel, fisheries; it rarely
includes the whale fishery.

Figures in boldface differ from those in Merchant Marine Statistics, 1936. (See table 2 in general note for series K 9(-131.) Also,
in series K 103 (whale fisheries) the figures for 1794 to 1798 have
been identified as comprising the enrolled or licensed vessels only,
excluding the "registered" Whaling fleet. The "registered" whaling tonnage is in series K 101 (foreign trade) for .those years.
K 105-118. Documented merchant vessels: Changes in the
merchant marine, 1813-:1944. SOURCE: For 1813-1936, see Merchant Marine Statistics, 1936, pp. 52-55: for 1937-194_4, data in
general are from subsequent annual issues and records of the
Bureau of Customs, Treasury Department. See also general note
for series K 94-131.
These figures represent vessels added to, or removed from,
documentation during a twelve-month period, except where a
change was made in the terminal date. Terminal dates of reporting periods are Dec. 31, 1813-1834; Sept. 30, 1835-1842; June 30,
1843-1940; Dec. 31, 1940-1944. Figures for 1835 and 1843 are for
9 months; figures for periods ending June 30, 1940, and Dec. 31,
i940, are each for 12 months; that is, the period Jan. I, 1940, to
June 30, 1940, is included in both figures. Exception: Inseries
K 105, figure for Dec. 31, 1940, represents six months decrease.
The exact original source of these series is not clear. From their
nature it seems likely that they were derived originally from the
balance sheets of tonnage published annually in the source volumes, beginning 1815. However, the figures shown in series K 105118 vary broadly, at times, from those shown in the annual
balance sheets in the original source volumes. Further, the total
193

Text: K 105-131

TRANSPORTATION

increase (series K 106) and the total decrease (series K 113) do


not always equal the addition of their presumed components,
and the difference between these subtotals does not always
equal the net increase or decrease for the fleet as a whole. The
tabular note in Merchant Marine Statistics, 1936, indicating that
tonnage figures prior to 1877 are incomplete probably refers to
the detailed categories, but it explains the discrepancies only in
part.
Because of the many problems involved, no attempt has been
made to reconcile these series with other series in this edition of
Historical Statistics, except that series K 105 (net increase or
decrease) has been reconciled to series K 95 (total tonnage of
fleet), largely by elimination of what appear to be copying errors.
Also, the text for series K 107 '(ships built and added to fleet)
calls attention to differences for specified years between this series
and series K 120 (ships built and documented).

and Dec. 31, 1940, are each for 12 months; that is, the period
Jan. 1, 1940, to June 30, 1940, is included in both figures.
The source volume shows statistics separately for steam, motor,
sailing, canal boats, and barges. Motor vessels begin in 1893.
Figures for 1938-1944 are not comparable with those for earlier
years and are probably understated. They represent those vessels
built during the 12-month period which were still existent and
documented as part of the merchant fleet at the end of the period.
Hence, they exclude vessels completed during the period which
were lost, sold to United States Government, sold alien, or otherwise removed from merchant vessel documentation before the
end of the period.
For a history of shipbuilding, including single-year data for
New England, 1674-1714, see Report On the Shipbuilding Industry of the United States, by Henry Hall, in Tenth Cenims Reports
(1880)'; vol. 8. Vol. IV of that census includes the report on Steam
Navigation in the United States, by T. C. Purdy, which provides
single-year construction statistics and discussion, natioml.lly and
for regions; from the beginning to 1880.
In series K 120, figures for 1867, 1865, 1863, 1859, 1858, and
1815-1839 differ from those in series K 107; the reason is not clear,
but series K 107 seems to be associated with the regional distribution. (See text for series K 127-128.)
Figures in boldface differ from those in Merchant Marine Statistics, 1936. (See table 2 in general note for series K 94-131.) The
reason for the failure of the 1808 figures for series K 121-122 to
add to the total (series K 120) is not clear.
K 124-126. Documented merchant vessels: Composition of
merchant fleet, by regions, 1816-1945. SOURCE: For 1816-1936,
see Merchant Marine Statistics, 1936, pp. 25-27; for 1937-1945,
data are from subsequent annual issues and records of the Bureau
of Customs. For effective dates and general qualifications, see text
for series K 94-95. See also general note for series K 94-131.
These figures represent a broad regional distribution for series
K 95 (total merchant tomiage). The source volume also provides
figures separately for Northern Lakes, and Western Rivers.
Figures in boldface differ from those in Merchant Marine Statistics, 1936. (See table 2 in general note for series K 94-131.)
Changes for 1868 in series K 124 and K 124a are explained in text
for series K 94-95.
~ 127-128. Shipbuilding: Merchant vessels built anddocumented, by region, 1840-1936. SOURCE: For 1840-1936, see
Merchant Marine Statistics, 1936, pp. 46-48; data for 1937":"1945
are not now available. For effective dates, see text for series
K 119-123. See also general note for series K 94-131.
For 1867, 1865, 1863, 1859, and .1858, the distribt+tion in series
K 127-128 adds to series K 107, rather than to series K 120. (See
text for series K 119-123, above.)
.

K 105. Documented merchant vessels: Net increase or decrease


in the merchant marine, 1813-1944. SOURCE: For 1789-1936, see
Merchant Marine Statistics, 1936, pp. 52-55. For 1937-1944, data
have been derived by taking differences for successive years in
series K 95. For effective dates and general qualifications, see
text for series K 105-118.'See also general note for series K 94-131.
'The increases shown for 1835 and 1843 are for 9 months; the dei crease for 1940 (Dec. 31) is for 6 months.
Figures in boldface' differ from those in M erchantMarine' Statistics, 1936. (See table 2 in general note for series K 94-131.)
K 106-112. Documented merchant vessel~: Vessels added to
the merchant marine, 1813-1944. SOURCE : Merchant Marine Statistic's, 1936. For effective dates and general qualifications, see
text for series K 105-118. See also general note for series K 94-131.
The source also shows figures separately for those nationalized,
renationalized, and captured from the enemy.
In series K 107 (ships built), figures for 1938-1945 are not comparable with those for earlier years and are probably understated.
(See text for series K 119-123, below.) Also, in series K 107, figures
for 1867, 1860; 1863, 1859, 1858, and 1815-1839 differ from those
in series K 120; the reason is not clear, but series K 107 seems to
be associated with the regional distribution. (See text for series
K 119-123, K 127-128, and K 129-131.)
In series K 106, the figure in boldface for 1917 differs from
that in Merchant Marine Statistics, 1936. (See table 2 in general
note for series K 94-131.)
K 113-118. Documented merchant vessels: Vessels removed
from the merchant marine, 1813-1944. SOURCE: For 1813-1936,
see Merchant Marine Statistics, 1936, pp. 52-55; for 1937-1944,
data are from subsequent annual issues and records of the Bureau
of Customs, Treasury Department. For effective dates and general
qualifications, se~ text for series K 105-118. See also general note
for series K 94-131.
Figures in boldface differ from those in Merchant Marine StaThe source also shows figures separately for ships lost at sea or
missing, abandoned (as obsolete), captured by enemy, ~~empt tistics, 1936. (See table 2 in general note for series K 94~131.)
from documentation, and those removed from documentation
For a history of steam navigation in the United States from the
because they were found to be net under 5 tons.
beginning to 1880, with separate discussion and statistics for each
In series K 113, the figures in boldface differ from those in M er- region, see Report on Steam Navigation in the United States in
chant Marine Statistics, 1936. (See table 2 in general note for Tenth Census Reports (1880), vol. 4, entitled Report on the Agencies of Transportation in the United States . ..
series K 94-131.)
K 129-131. (Alternative series.) Shipbuilding: Merchant vesK 119-123. Shipbuilding: Merchant vessels built and documented, United States totals, 1797-1944. SOURCE: For 1797-1936, sels built and documented by region, 1817-1850. SOURCE: Data
see Merchant Marine Statistics, 1936, pp. 42-45; for 1937-1944, are from a table at the bottom of a fold-in chart on the history
data are from subsequent annual issues and Bureau of Customs of shipbuilding (1817-1868) at the end of the Annual Report of
the Secretary of the Treasury, 1868. In that table, figures are also
records. See also general note for series K 94-131.
shown
separately, and charted, for "The United States," "The
Figures are for ships built during a 12-month period, except
where a change is made in the terminal date. Terminal dates of Lakes," and "Western Rivers."
The effective dates are the same as for series K 119-123, except
reporting periods are Dec. 31, 1813-1834; Sept. 30, 1835-1842;
June 30, 1843-1940; Dec. 31, 1940-1944. Figures for 1835 and that figures for 1835 and 1843 shown here are 12-month approxil843 are for 9 months; figures for periods ending June 30, 1940, mations for charting purposes, obtained by averaging the figures
194

SHIPPING AND WATER TRAFFIC

Text: K 129-167

for the preceding and succeeding years. This was required because
the figures for 1835 and 1843 in series K 120 and K 107 are for
nine months only, the fiscal-year terminal dates having been
changed during those years.
For a discussion of these data,see Treasury Report, 1868, cited
above. The same chart, with a more detailed discussion appears
as Plate XXII in House of Representatives, Ex. Doc. No. 111,
41st Congress, 2nd Session, where the period covered is extended
to 1869; and as Plate X (extended to 1870) in H. R. Exec. Doc.
No. 76, 41st Congress, 3rd Session.
For 1815:--1839, these regional data (series K 129 and K 130) add
to series K 107, except that the 1828 summation approximates
that for series K 120, and a :mInor variation appears for 1830.
Series K 131 (New England States) is included in series K 129
(the Coast). For the over-lapping years, the regional detail varies
considerably from that shown in series K 126-127; in part, this
may be caused by differing definitions of the geographic areas ..

States port in distress or for other temporary causes without discharging cargo, and Army and Navy vessels carrying no commercial cargo, are not required by customs regulations to enter
.
or clear and thus are not included in the figures.
Vessels are credited as entered from the country in which is
located the first foreign port at which cargo was laden for the
United States, and are reported as cleared to the country of the
first charge of cargo, or to that country to which the vessels received orders to sail in ballast.
K 146-148. Vessels entered, all ports, 1789-1945. SOURCE: For
1789-1820, see Guetter, Fred J., and McKinley, Albert E., Statistical Tables Relating to the Economic Growth of the United States,
McKinley Publishing Co., Philadelphia, Pa., 1924, p. 39; for
1821-1879, see Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation,
Merchant Marine Statistics, 1936, part IV, table 2, p. 93; for 18801888, see Statistical Abstract, 1908, p. 286; for 1889-1916, see
Statistical Abstract, 1916, p. 338; for 1917-1930, see Statistical
Abstract, 1931, p. 474; for 1931-1943, see Abstract, 1946, p.548;
WATERBORNE COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES (K 132-145)
for 1944-1945, see Abstract, 1947, p~ 557. A vessel is reported as
K 132-145. Waterborne commerce of the United States, 1924- entered at the first port in the United States at which entry is
1945. SOURCES: Statistical Abstract, annual volumes as follows: made, regardless of whether any cargo is unladen at that port.
For 1924-1926, see Abstract, 1929, p. 429; for 1927-1932, see Ab- Vessels entering at subsequent ports are not included in the stastract, 1934, p. 378; for 1933-1938, see Abstract, 1940, p. 458; for tistics. See also general note for series K 146-157.
1939-1944, see Abstract, 1946, p. 530; for 1945, see Abstract, 1947,
K 149. Total vessels entered at seaports, 1840-1945. SOURCE:
p. 539. Primary source is War Department, Annu0l Report of For 1840, see Statistical Abstract, 1946, p. 546; for 1844-1855, see
Office of the Chief of Engineers, Un~ted States Army.
Abstract, 1878, p.134; for 1856-1879, see Statistical Abstract, 1880,
Cargo tonnage refers to the weight of cargo in short ,tons of p. 138; for 1880-1945, same source as series K 146-148. See also
2,000 pounds. This type of tonnage should not be confused with general note for series K 146-157.
gross tons used in series K94-131, or the net or registered tonnage
K 150-151. American and foreign vessels entered at seaports,
capacity used in seriesK 146-157, which are measures of cubic 1856-1945. SOURCE: 1856-1879, same as for series K 149; 1880capacity, not of weight.
1945, same as for series K 146-148. See also general note for series
K 146-157.
.
VESSELS ENTERED AND CLEARED IN FOREIGN TRADE
eK 146-157)
K 152-154. Vessels cleared, all ports, 1821-1945. SOURCES:
K 146-157. General note. Vessels entered and cleared in foreign 1821-1879, same as for series K 146-148; for 1880-1888, see Statrade, 1789-1945. SOURCE: See listings for individual series below. tistical Abstract, 1908, p. 287; for 1889-1916, see Statistical AbAlso see general note for series K 94-131 and, for definitions, .see stract, 1916, p. 339; for 1917-1930, see Statistical Abstract, 1931,
text for series K 94-104. In general, the data are as shown in vari- p. 475; for 1931-1943, see Statistical Abstract, 1946, p. 549; for
ous annual volumes of the Statistical Abstract of the United States. 1944-1945, see Statistical Abstract, 1947, p. 558. A vessel is rePrimary sources are the annual volumes of Foreign Commerce ported as cleared from the last port in the United States where
and Navigation of the United States and, for early years, American outward cargo is completed or where the vessel cleared in ballast.
See also general note for series K 146-157.
State Papers: Class IV, vol. 2.
K 155. Total vessels cleared at seaports, 1840-1945. SOURCES:
Net tonnage capacity, as used here, refers to net or registered
tonnage of the vessel, not weight of cargo. The net tonnage is what For 1840 and 1850, see Statistical Abstract, 1946, p. 546;'for 18531879, see Statistical Absiract,1881, p. 138; for 1880-1945, same as
remains~fter deducting from the gross tonnage (defined in general
note for series K 94-131, above) the spaces occupied by the pro- for series K 152-154. See also general note for series K 146-151.
pelling machinery, fuel, crew quarters, master's cabin, and naviK 156-157. American and foreign vessels cleared at seaports,
gation spaces. It represents, substantially, space available for . 1857-1945. SOURCES: For 1857-1879, see Statistical Abstract, 1881,
cargo and passengers. It is the usual basis for tonnage taxes and p. 136; for 1880-1945, same as for series K 152-154.
port charges. The net tonnage capacity of a ship recorded as "enVALUE OF MERCHANDISE CARRIED IN FOREIGN TRADE
tered with cargo" may bear little relation to actual weight of
(K 158-167)
cargo. Gross tonnage and net tonnage are both measures of cubic
K 158-167. Imports and exports of merchandise by methoq of
capacity, not of weight, 100 cubic feet equalling 1 ton. These
terms should not be confused with the cargo ton of 2,000 pounds carriage, 1790-1935. SOURCES: For 1790-1820, see Guetter and
as defined above in text for series K 132-145. The reason that the McKinley (cited in text for series K 146-148), table XXVII, p.
tonnage shown in series K 147 and K 153 for American vessels 39 (see footnote 9 on page 40); for 1821-1858, see Bureau of
entered and cleared, respectively, in foreign trade is greater than Marine Inspection and Navigation, Merchant Marine Statistics,
the total tonnage of American vessels documented for the foreign 1936, part IV, p. 91; for 1859-1866, Statistical Abstract, 189/;,
trade is because the "entered" and "cleared" series include ton- pp. 399-400; for 1867-1912, see Statistical Abstract, 1913, pp.
nage for each vessel as often as it "enters" or "clears" each year. 318-319; for 1913-1923, seeStatistical Abstract, 1924, p. 417; for
The documented tonnage (series K 104) includes the tonnage of 1924-1935, see Statistical Abstract, 1946, p. 552.
each vessel once for each year.
The primary source for the years 1790-1820 is the article enThese statistics include the tonnage of all types of watercraft titled "The Maritime Industries of America" by J. R. Soley, which
engaged in the foreign trade, whether entering or clearing with comprises chapter X, vol. II, of The United States of America
cargo or in ballast, which are required to make formal entrance (N. S. Shaler, Editor), 1894, vol. I, pp. 522, 527, 534, 536, 538 r
and clearance under United States customs regUlations. Vessels and gives the percent of imports and exports in United States
engaged in trade on the Great Lakes with Canada as well as in vessels. Guetter and McKinley have derived absolute figures by
trade with Mexico are also included. Vessels touching at a United applying these percentages to total imports and exports of mer195

Text: K 158-188

TRANSPORTATION

chandise and specie. The primary source for the years 1821-1935
is the annual Foreign Commerce and Navigation of the United States.
Starting with 1943, import or export statistics by method of
transpor'tation showing shipping weight, as well as dollar value,
have been compiled by the Bureau of the Census.

SUiveyed miles of sUi/aced ioads is so designated because in


contrast to the estimating procedure used for the years prior to
1903, the data for the period 1904-1926 are based on road mileage
surveys made by the various federal roads administrative agencies
empowered during that period. The data for 1904-1921 are interpolations derived from four basic road mileage surveys made by
NEW YORK STATE CANALS (K 168-171)
these agencies in 1904, 1909, 1914, and 1921. Data for these four
K 168-169. Ton-mileage on New York State canals, rivers, and surveys appear in Department of Agriculture Bulletin 1279, Rural
Highway Mileage, Income, and Expenditures, 1921-1922, by
railroads, 1853-1898. SOURCE: United States Senate, Preliminary
Report of the Inland Waterways Commission, 60th Congress, 1st Andrew P. Anderson, March 1925. Data for 1921-1926 appear in
Public Roads Administration, Highway Statistics, Summary to
session, Senate Document No. 325, 1908, p. 229.
The series on canals and rivers "includes estimated ton-mileage 1945, Washington, D. C., 1947, p. 60. For a continuation of series
of canal traffic on Hudson River; after 1880 the entire canal ton- K 175 through the year 1945, see series K 182; For a definition of
mileage is estimated, as no records are kept." According to the surfaced road, as against nonsurfaced road, see the text below for
source volume, p. 217, these data "showing the relative propor- series K 184-188.
K 176. Federal net expenditures 011 roads and canals, 1802tions carried by the railroads of New York and the New York
canals .. is shown on pages 182 and 183 of the Report of the New 1882. SOURCE: Same as for series K 172, p. 340. The source documEmt contains a detailed statement of appropriations for roads and
York Committee on Canals, 1899."
K 17(}-171. Tonnage moved on New York State canals, 1837- canals, with a specific listing and description of every appropri1945. SOURCE: State of New York, Department of Public Works, ation for each State from 1802 to 1882.
Annual Reports of the Superintendent.
K 177-188. General note. The U. S. Office of Public Roads conducted the first census of rural roads in 1904. The results of this
EXPENDITURES FoR. RIVERS, HARBORS, ETC. (K 172-173)
survey and subsequent ones made in 1909 and 1914 indicated
K 172. Federal (net) expenditures for light stations, beacons, existing rural road mileage as follows: 1904, 2,151,371 miles;
buoys, etc., 1791-1882. SOURCE: Statement of Appropriations and 1909, 2,199,645 miles; and 1914, 2,445,761 miles. Beginning in
Expenditures for Public Buildings, Rivers and Harbors, Forts, 1921, rural road mileages have been classified according to sysArsenals, 11.rmories, and Other Public Works From March 4,1789, tems as shown here for series'K 178-181. Most of the systems of
to June 30, 1882, comprising United States Senate Executive State highways were established during the early years of the
pocuments, vol. 7, No. 196, 47th Congress, 1st session (Treasury twentieth century and many resulted from planning to expend the
Federal-aid funds provided under the Federal-aid Road Act of
Department Document No. 373), pp. 521-522.
K 173. 'Federal (net) expenditures for rivers and harbors, 1822- 1916 (see text below for series K 189-191b).
Rural as used here may be roughly defined as an area which lies
1882. SOURCE: Same as for series K 172, p. 286.
outside of communities having more than 2,500 inhabitants. It is
believed that these data, which are compiled on the basis of indiRoad Transportation: Series K 174-238
vidual reports from the different States, are largely consistent
PuBLIC ROADS (K 174-224)
in their adherence to this definition of rural.
K 174-175. Miles of surfaced roads, 1793-1926. SOURCE: Rose,
K 177-181. All existent rural roads, 1921-1945. SOURCE: FedAlbert C., "Estimated and Surveyed Miles of Surfaced Roads in eral Works Agency, Public Roads Administration, Highway Stathe United States from 1793 to 1926," Federal Works Agency, tistics-Summary to 1945, Washington, D. C., 1947. See general
Public Roads Administration. The source .document is a manu- note, series K 177-188.
script furnished by the author, to the Bureau of the Census. The
Series K 177 comprises the total of data shown for each year
following text was condensed from the statement provided.
for series K 178-181~ State highways are classified as rural priThe first road mileage survey of the United States was made in mary State highways (series K 178), rural secondary roads under
1904. The estimates for the years prior to 1904 were based largely State control (series K 179), and urban extensions of State highon the figures of Federal expenditures for roads, bridges, and canals way systems (series K 180). The distinction between primary roads
for the years 1802-1882, shown in series K 176. These expenditures and secondary roads is chiefly one of degree of importance. As of
figures were translated into miles of road built, with the following, 1945, 30 States made no such distinction but included in one sysassumptions: (1) The average cost per mile of surfaced road was tem all mileage under State control; 12 States maintained secondestimated at $2,000 on the basis of a study of the available liter- ary systems consisting usually of roads of local but not necessarily
ature; (2) Federal road expenditures were assumed to be one-tenth State-wide importance; 4 States (Delaware, North Carolina, Virof total Federal, State, and local expenditures for roads, on the ginia, and West Virginia) had incorporated into State systems
basis of the ratio existent in the early days of th~ Federal-aid road most, or all, former county roads; and 2 States (New Jersey and
program of the present century.
Rhode Island) maintained a separate classification for State forIn the use of early Federal road expenditure data, no deduction est, park, and institutional roads.
Urban extensions (series K 180) are continuations of designated
was made for canals-about 14 percent of total sum from 1802 to
1882-the reason being that in early days canal and road improve- State-system roads in or through cities or towns of over 2,500
inhabitants.
ments were closely allied.
County and other local roads (series K 181) are those roads over
The years 1793-1826 (at the beginning of which period the
Lancaster Pike, the first extensive surfaced road in the United which the State exercises no control.
States, was begun) and the years 1883-1903 were interpolated by
K 182-183. Surfaced rural roads, 1921-1945. SOURCE: Same as
a smooth curve. Mr; Rose states: "The missing data were ar- for series K 177-181. See also general note, series K 177-188, and
rived at upon the basic assumption that the general economic con- text for series K 184-188. Series K 182 is a continuation of series
dition of the country may be measured by the total mileage of K 175.
surfaced roads-the critical indicator of the degree of road improveK 184-188. Roads built by State highway departments, 1923ment ... In this connection it is interesting to observe that the 1945. SOURCE: Same as for series K 177-181. Mileage built (series
shape of the surfaced road mileage curve resembles that of the K 184) refers to all construction activities that create a new road
curve representing the per capita money in circulation."
or definitely improve the condition of an existing road, as con196

_ _ _ _~~-------------R--=O----A----D-T-R-A-N--------SP-O-R-T-A-T-I--=-O-N-_ _ _ _ _._ _~_ _ _ Text: K 184-238


trasted to maintenance operations that are designed to maintain
or restore the condition of a road without material betterment.
Resurfacing and rebuilding existing roads to higher standards
constitute the bulk of the mileage built.
The highest type of nonsurfaced road is the graded and drained
eaith ioad (series.K 186). This is of natural earth, aIined and graded
I.to permit reasonably convenient use of motor vehicles, and drained
sufficiently to prevent serious impairment by normal surface
water. The lowest type of surfaced road (series K 188) is the soilsurfaced road, which consists of natural soil, the surface of which
has been improved by the addition of one or other admixture
ranging from sand-clay and soft shale to Portland cement or fine
granular material. Next comes the gravel or stone followed by
bituminous surface-treated road. Among the high type surfaces
(series K 187) are the various bituminous and concrete roads,
such as the Bituminous Penetration which is at least an inch of
gravel, stone or sand bomid with bituminous material, or the
Portland cement concrete road.

appropriation or expenditure for highway purposes is considered


to have been made from motor-fuel taxes, motor-vehicle registration fees and motor-carrier taxes in proportion to the relative
amount of revenue received from each of these three sources.
The receipts from State highway-user taxes are not all expended
on State highways. Series K 195-198 gives the allocation of these
revenues according to the system on which they are ultimately
expended. The receipts allocated to State highway purposes, series
K 196, are eventually disbursed for State highway purposes, series
K 199.
K 205-214. County and local rural roads, funds contributed, and
disbursed, 1921-1945. SOURCE: Federal Works Agency, Public
Roads Administration records, table HF-1, 2, and local-rural-road
finance statistics.
K 215-224. Funds contributed and disbursed for city and village
streets, 1921-1945. SOURCE: Federal Works,Agency, Public Roads
Administration records, table HF-1, 2, 21;DF; SF-6; except series
K 218, which is' from "Municipal Bond Sales" published by The
Bond Buyer.

K 189-191b. Federal-aid highway improvements, 1917-1945.


SOURCE: Same as for series K 177-181, except for series K 189.
Data for series K 189 are from the various annual reports and
MOTOR VEHICLES AND FUEL (K 225-238)
records of the Public Roads Administration.
K 225-228. Motor vehicle production, 1900-1945. SOURCE: AutoAs early as 1893, the Federal Government demonstrated its in- mobile Manufacturers Associations, Automobile Facts and Figures,
I erest in highway development by establishing in that year the
27th edition, 1946-1947, Detroit, Mich., p. 10. These data repOffice of Road Inquiry which was the predecessor of the present resent factory sales and wholesale value and include sales of milPublic Roads Administration. This Office was established with the itary vehicles. Prior to 1940 station wagons, ambulances, funeral
view of initiating experiments and conducting inquiries concerning cars, and some school buses bui1t on passenger car chassis are inthe best methods of road building, and it also encouraged the es- cluded with motor trucks. In 1940 and later years such vehicles
tablishment by the States of active highway departments. In built on passenger car chassis are included with passenger cars
1916, Congress passed the first Federal-aid highway act, whereby but the number of units involved was relatively small. Value figfinancial assistance to the States was provided as an encourage- ures for passenger cars shown for 1943 and 1944 are approximament to the development of adequate standards in road con- tions based on the average value per unit in 1942. Actual values of
struction.
passenger car factory sales are not available for 1943-1944. While
Total miles (series K 189) refers to existing mileage of the production. of passenger cars was temporarily discontinued in
Federal-aid primary system only. Cost data (series K 191, 191a, February 1942, some vehicles remained in factory stocks to be
191b) represent actual expenditures of funds, the total being equal sold under rationing orders in 1942-1945.
to federal funds plus State funds. Cost data are existing -mileage
K 229-232. Motor vehicle registration, 1900-1945. SOURCE:
figures only for the period prior to 1932; beginning in 1933, data Same as for series K 177-181. These figures are based on reports
on expenditures include money spent on public works and defense and records of State motor-vehicle registration departments.
highways as well as on primary system.
Data concerning motor vehicles in the early years of the century
K 192. This series has been omitted.
are incomplete, largely because few States required their registraK 193-204. State highway finances, 1914-1945, except debt tion, and hence had no records of the number of vehicles using
outstanding which begins in 1890. SOURCE: Same as for series roads and streets. As production of vehicles increased, shortly
K 177-181.
before the first World War, so did the number of registration
One of the first records of State highway revenues and expendi- laws; and by 1921 all States had adopted some form of motor
tures was compiled by the U. S. Office of Public Roads in 1904. vehicle registration.
Subsequent reports were compiled by that Office in 1909 and 1914,
Accompanying the growth in motor-vehicle registrations has
and annually beginning with the year 1915.
been a corresponding diversity in the registration practices among
State property taxes and other revenues used for highway purposes the States. In general, motor vehicles are classified as private pas(series K 193) includes: Road, bridge and ferry tolls; property senger cars, passenger carriers for hire, trucks, trailers, motoror road tax levies; appropriations from general funds; other State cycles, and property carriers for hire. Several States, however,
imposts; funds transferred from local' governments; receipts from still register busses with either trucks or passenger cars. These
issue of bonds, notes, etc. for construction, etc.; earnings of sink- differences have made it necessary for the Public Roads Adminising fund or debt reserve; and miscellaneous receipts.
tration to supplement the data submitted by the States with inforA State highway-user tax (series K 195) is defined as a special mation obtained from special studies and from other sources.
tax or fee levied upon motor-vehicle users because of their use of
K 233-235. Motor fuel usage, 1919-1945. SOURCE: Same as for
the highways. Highway-user taxes include motor-fuel taxes, motor- series K 177-181. These figures include all motor fuel consumed.
vehicle registration and associated fees, and special taxes appli- N onhighway consumption includes all use off the highway, such
cable only to motor carriers; these taxes are separable and apart as aviation, agriculture, marine, industrial, etc., arid usually falls
from property, excise, business, or other taxes paid by the general under the exemption or refund provisions of the motor-fuel tax
law.
public.
K 236-238. Estimate of travel by motor vehicles, 1921-1945.
In many States, specific portions of the revenue from each type
of highway-user tax are dedicated to particular highway purposes. SOURCE: For 1921-1935, data were obtained from records of FedA number of States, however, place all highway-user revenues in a eral Works Agency, Public Roads Administration, table VM-1
highway fund, and a few have a general State fund into which go and table entitled "Estimates of Vehicle-Miles Traveled, 1921 to
all types of revenue. For the latter group of States, each particular 1946"; for 1935-1945, see source cited for series K 177-181, p. 34.
197

Text: K 239 258

Air Transport: Series K 239-273

TRANSPORTATION
Administration records. All other data are from records of the
Civil Aeronautics Administration, furnished by various agencies,
public and private, or as compiled by that Administration from a
variety of sources.
K 243-245. Aircraft exports, 1913-1945. SOURCE: Civil Aeronautics Administration, Statistical Handbook of Civil Aviation,
1948. Primary sources of data are the records of the Bureau of
the Census and the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce.

K 239-273. General note. Only scattered data on air transportation are available for the years preceding 1926. The first federal
government organization exclusively concerned with civil aviation matters, the Aeronautics Branch of the Department of Commerce, was organized under the Air Commerce Act of 1926. New
facilities were established for examination and licensing of aircraft
and airmen, for the enforcement of air traffic rules and for the
collection and dissemination of aeronautical information.
DOMESTIC SCHEDULED AIR TRANSPORTATION (K 246-256)
Other activities were assigned to existing bureas of the ComK 246-247. Domestic airline operators and aircraft in service
merce Department such as the Coast and Geodetic Survey, Bureau in domestic scheduled air transportation, 1926-1945. SOURCE:
of Standards, and Bureau of Lighthouses. An Assistant Secretary Civil Aeronautics Administration, Statistical Handbook of Civil
of Commerce was provided in the Act to direct this work. Later, Aviation, 1948.
he appointed a Director of Aeronautics, and in 1934 the Bureau of
In noting the number of aircraft in service, it should be rememAir Commerce was organized.
bered that the data do not reflect the rise in average number of
The Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938 created the successor, Civil seats per plane. Between 1932 (first year that average available
Aeronautics Authority. It was to function independently of any seats per plane were reported) and 1944, there was a 63 percent
existing department of government. This Authority consisted of an :rise in total available seating capacity of domestic airlines despite
Administrator, and a quasi-judicial board of five members all ap- a drop of 39 percent in the number of planes in operation. This
pointed by the President. The function of this body was to grant was the result of the sharp increase in average available seats per
airmen certificates, regulate mail and passenger rates, write air plane from 6.58 to 17.53.
regulations, and formulate policies for civil aviation development.
K 248. Route mileage of domestic scheduled air transportation,
At the same time, there was created the Air Safety Board, a sepa1930-1945.
SOURCE: Civil Aeronautics Administration, Statistical
rate and independent body.
Handbook of Civil Aviation, 1948. Primary sources of data are as
This Civil Aeronautics Authority inherited the personnel and follows: For 1930-1937, data are computations of un duplicated
duties of the Bureau of Air Commerce, and certain duties of the route mileages prepared by the Civil Aeronautics Administration;
Post Office Department and the Interstate Commerce Commis- for 1938-1945, see Civil Aeronautics B,oard, Annual Airline Stasion, to all of whom the Air Mail Carriers had been responsible tistics, Domestic Carriers. The CAB figures contain some dupliunder the Black-McKellar Act of 1934.

cation where two air carriers operate parallel routes.


In the summer of 1940, the Civil Aeronautics Authority underK 249. Average passenger reven~e per passenger-mile for dowent two reorganizations to attain its present form (1948).
mestic scheduled air transportation, 1926-1945. SOURCE: Civil
Actually, the Authority now exists only on paper. It is more Aeronautics Administration, Statistical Handbook of Civil Aviaaccurate to refer to its two main parts, the Civil Aeronautics tion, 1948. Primary sources of data are as follows: For 1926Administration, which is part of the Department of Commerce, 1937, data were computed from Air Carriers' reports to CAA and
and the Civil Aeronautics Board, consisting of a 5-man panel, in predecessors; for 1938-1945, data were computed from CAB,
itself a separate and independent organization.
Annual Airline Statistics, Domestic Carriers.
The Civil Aeronautics Board prescribes Civil Air Regulations
K 250. Number of persons employed on domestic scheduled air
which deal with competency of airmen, airworthiness of aircraft transportation, 1928-1945. SOURCES: Same as for series K 249.
and air traffic control. This board also issues certificates permitK 251. Revenue miles flown by domestic scheduled air transting persons to engage in air transportation as a business and
ports,
1926-1945. SOURCE: Civil Aeronautics Administration, Stafixes airmail rates and may establish maximum and minimum rates
tistical
Handbook of Civil Aviation, 1948. Primary sources of data
for transportation of passengers and goods. It also has the duty
are as follows: For 1926-1937, Air Carrier reports to Bureau of
of investigating accidents in air transportation.
Air Commerce; for 1938-1945, see CAB, Annual Airline Statistics,
In addition to these rule-making and investigative functions, Domestic Carriers.
the Board acts as "judge" in prosecutions brought by the AdminisK 252-253. Revenue passengers carried by domestic scheduled
trator of Civil Aeronautics in connection with the revocation and
air
transports, 1926-1945. 'SOURCE: Civil Aeronautics Administrasuspension of airmen and air carrier certificates as a result of
tion, Statistical Handbook of Civil Aviation, 1948.
violations of the Civil Air RegUlations.
K 254. Revenue passenger. miles flown by domestic scheduled
The Civil Aeronautics Administration operates six main services:
air
transports, 1930-1945. SOURCES: Same as for K 249.
Federal Airways, Airports, Safety Regulation, Office of Aviation
K 255. Express and freight ton-miles flown by domestic sched.
Information, Staff Program Office, and Aviation Training, in addition to the Washington National Airport and the Aeronautical uled air transport. SOURCES: Same as for series K 249.
Center at Oklahoma City, Okla.
K 256. Mail ton-miles flown by domestic scheduled air transAll the data shown here, with some minor exceptions, appear in ports, 1931-1945. SOURCE: Civil Aeronautics Administration, Stathe Civil Aeronautics Administration, Statistical Handbook of tistical Handbook of Civil Aviation, 1948. Primary sources of the
Civil Aviation, 1948, Washington, D. C. (in press). Data on many data are as follows: For 1931-:-1937, see Post Office Department,
other phases of civil aviation may be found in-this Handbook.
Annual Report of the Postmaster General, 1942; for 1938-1945, see
text for series K 249. The CAB figures include weights of conAIRCRAFT PRODUCTION AND EXPORT (K 239-245)
tainers; while the Post Office Department figures include only
K 239-242. Aircraft production, 1913-1945. SOURCE: Depart- actual mail weights.
ment of Commerce, Civil Aeronautics Administration, Statistical
OTHER AIR TRANSPORT STATISTICS (K 257-273)
Handbook of Civil Aviation, 1948, Wash., D. C. Primary sources
are as follows: For 1913-1925, see Department of Commerce,
K 257-258. Airports and landing fields~ 1927-1945. SOURCE:
Aeronautics Branch, Air Commerce Bulletin, vol. 1, No.5, p. 6. Civil Aeronautics Administration, Statistical Handbook of Civil
For 1926-1939, civil aircraft production data for odd years are Aviation, 1948. These data include military and CAA fields and
from records of the Bureau of the Census and Civil Aeronautics exclude seaplane facilities.
<

198

AIR TRANSPORT
In October 1940, Congress authorized the first appropriation
under a Defense Landing Areas Program. More than 500 airports
were constructed during the following six years under this program. This and ot~1er defense-stimulated construction accounts in
large part for the fact that while the net total of airports remained
virtually stationary at approximately 2,300 from 1934 to 1940,
there was a jump to approximately 4,000 between 1941 and 1945.
K 259-263. Total civil aircraft and certificated airplane pilots,
1927-1945. SOURCE: Civil Aeronautics Administratfon, Statistical Handbook of Civil Aviation, 1948. Primary sources of the data
are the CAA records for pilots and aircraft.
In 1939, the Civil Aeronautics Administration underto~k a program of federally subsidized civilian pilot training. This program
in large part accounted for the rise from 20,832 private pilots in
1939 to 93,782 in 1941 (see series K 263). During World War II,
this program continued as an adjunct to the military pilot training activities, and gave preliminary training to hundreds of thousands of men who went into the military services. As a result of
an arrangement whereby GAA certificated pilots on the basis of
their military experience, a large number of these men appear in
the 1945 figure for commercial pilots (series K 262).
K 264. Miles flown in civil flying other than scheduled air
carrier, 1926-1942. SOURCE: Same as series K 259-263. Data were
compiled from Aircraft Owners' Semiannual Navigation Reports
and Periodic Endorsement. These data include business flying, executive travel in company-owned planes, flying done by the farmer
in bringing perishable produce to market, personal business as
well as vacation flying by the private owner, and commercial flying;
in short, all flying operations except flying done by scheduled
airlines.

Text: K 257-273

K 265-273. Accidents, 1927-1945. SOURCE: Civil Aeronautics


Administration, Statistical Handbook of Civil Aviation, 1948. For
data prior to 1930, see Handbook, published December 1945. An
. aircraft accident is defined as an occurrence which takes place
while an aircraft is being operated as such, as a result of which
a person or persons are injured or killed or the aircraft receives
appreciable or marked damage because of failure of the aircraft
structure or engine or through the forces of external contact, or
through fire. An aircraft is considered as "being operated as
such" from the time the pilot or passengers board the aircraft
with the intention of flight until such time as the pilot and passengers disembark from the ~ircraft upon completion of flight. A
collision of two or more aircraft is reported statistically as one
accident.
Data for non-air-carrier operations include business flying,
executive travel in company-owned planes, flying done by the
farmer in bringing perishable produce to market, personal business
as well as vacation flying by the private owner, and commercial
flying such as aerial photography and mapping, crop dusting,
airport sightseeing, etc.
Prior to World War II, many of the types of flying operations
above referred to as "non-air-carrier" flying operations were identified as "non-scheduled air-carrier" operations. Mter the war,
however, the latter term tended to be confusing in that it was also
used to identify a group more specifically labelled "non-certificated irregular air carriers." As a result, the term "non-scheduled
air-carrier" has been dropped by the CAA and in its place, "non...
air-carrier" has been substituted, as defined in the preceding
paragraph.

199

t1):1
<'1

'j:II"

...1

...

Series

I{

1-17.-RAILROADS BEFORE 1890-MILEAGE, EQUIPMENT, AND PASSENGER AND


FREIGHT SERVICE: 1830 TO 1890

MILEAGE

EQUIPMENT

PASSENGER SERVICE

FREIGHT SERVICE

Revenue cars
YEAR

Road
operated
(Dec. 31)

Road
owned
(June 30)

All
track
(Dec. 31)

motIves

L c

Total

Passenger

Freight

Baggage,
mail,
express

4:

ti

0.0-

assenger
revenue
9

assel}gers
carrIed
10

1,000

Number
Number
31,812 1,090,869
30.,5661,080,665
29,006 1,032,182
27,275
976,772
26,108
870,602

Number
Number
21,664 1,061,952
21,471 1,051,141
20,247 1,00.5,108
19,339
950,889
18,365
845,912

Number
7,253
7,053
6,827
6,554
6,325

asslfngermIles

Revenue
per person-mile

11

12

1,000

. d
ons ca~rle
one mIle

Revenue
per tonmile

Revenue
tons per
train

16

17

13

14

15

1,000

1,000

1,000

dollars
734,822
665,962
639,201
636,666
550,359

tons
691,344
619,166
590,857
552,075
482,245

Miles
166,703
161,276
156,114
149,214
136,338

Miles
163,359
159,934
154,222
147,953
133,565

Miles
208,152
202,088
191,376
184,935
167,952

1885 ___
188L__
1883___
1882___
188L__

128,320
125,345
121.422
114,677
103,108

127,689
125,119
120,519
114,428
103,530

160,506
156.414
149,101
140.878
130,455

25,662
24.353
23,405
21,889
19.911

828,058
820,954
800,741
750,933
667,218

16,497
16.644
16,230
14,934
13,947

805,517
798,399
778,663
730,435
648,295

1880___
1879___
1878_ __
1877___
1876___

93,262
86,556
81,747
79.082
76,808

92,147
84,393
80,882
79,208
76,305

115,647
104,756
10.3,649
97,308
94.665

17,949
17,084
16.445
15,911
15,618

556,930
496,718
439,109
408,082
399.524

12,789
12,009
11,683
12,053
214.621

539,255
480,190
423,013
392,175
384.903

1875___
1874___
1873___
1872___
1871___

74,096
72,385
70,268
66,171
60,301

74,096
72,623
70,651
57,323
51,455

__________
__________
__________
__________
__________

__________
__________
__________
__________
__________

__________
__________
__________
__________
__________

__________
__________
__________
__________
__________

1870___
1869 _ _ _

52,922 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.__ .-- ______________ .___ _


46,844 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ 300 ,000 _" _____________________________________ -

1868___
1861-__
1866___

42,229 I================================================================~======================================================================
39,050
36,801
SERIES K I.-MILES OF ROAD OPERATED-C~>n.

1865_ _ _
1864___
1863___
1862___
186L__

35,085
33,908
33,170
32,120
31,286

1860___
1859___
1858___
1857 _ _ _
1856_::'_

30 .626
28,789
26,968
24 .503
22.076

miles
12,521,566
11,964,726
11,190,614
10,570,307
9,659,698

Cent8
2.174
2.169
2.246
2.276
2.194

Total
revenue
tons

1890 ___
1889 ___
1888___
1887 ___
1886 ___

6,044
5,911
5,848
5,564
4,976

dollar8
Number
272,321 520,439,082
259,439494,808,421
251,356 451,353,655
240,543 428,225,513
211,930382,284,972

F ' ht
reIg
revenue

ton8
79,192,985
68,677,277
65,423,006
61,561,070
52,802,071

Cents
0.927
0.970
0.977
1.034
1.042

Ton'S
163.99
159.91
159.36
156.16
150.99

200,884351,427,688
9,133,674
2.199
206,791 334,570,766
8.778,581
2.356
206,837 312,686,641
8,541,310
2.422
188,137 289,030,783
7,688,469
2.447
173,357 __________________________________ .

509,691
437,040 49,151,894
1.057
143,59
502,870
399,075 44,725,208
1.124
133.58
539,510
400,453
44.064.923
1.224
125.86
485,778
360.490 39,302,209
1.236
128.81
551,968 _______________________________________ _

4,786
4,519
4,413
3,854
__________

147,653 __________________________________
142,336 ____________ ____________ __________
124,637 _ _ _ _ ___ _____ ___ ____ __ ___ ___ ___ _ _ _ _
125,205 ____________ ____________ __________
136,121 __________________________________

467,749
386,676
365,466
347,705
361.137

_______________________________________ _
____________________________________ .. __ _
____________________________________ .. __ _
_____________________________________. __ _
____________________________________ .___ _

__________
__________
__________
__________
__________

139,105
140,999
137,384
132,309
108,899

363,960
379,467
389,036
340,932
294,430

____________________________________ .. __ _
________________________________________ _
____________________________________ .. __ _
____________________________________ .. __ _
____________________________________ .___ _

I-j
~.

>
z
UJ

I-d

~
I-j

>
~
I-t

__________
__________
__________
__________
__________

YEAR

Miles

YEAR

____________
____________
____________
____________
____________

Miles

____________
____________
____________
____________
____________

__________
__________
__________
__________
__________

YEAJit

Miles

YEAR

MilEls

1--------------------------.--------11--------------------------1---------11--------------------------1--------11----------------------------1-------1855__________________________
1854__________________________

18,374
16,720

5,996
5,598

1841.__________________________

3,535

i~~t=
1851. _=
_===
__ _=
_===
__ __==_=========
_ _ _ __ _ _ _ _==
__ =
_=
_=
_

a:~g~

1848___________________________
1847___________________________

10,982

44,633
,930
4,377
4: ,185
4.026

1838_ _ _ ___ ______ _ _____ ___ __ _ _ _ _


1831- _______________________ '-__
1836 __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

~1,913
:~~~ i~~~==
1831. _=
_=
_=
_=
_=
_=
_=
_=
_=
_=
_=
_===
_ _ _=
_=
_=
_==
_ _=
_=
_=
_=
_=
_=
_=
_

9 ,021
7,365

1846_
- - - -_
1845_ -_-_-_-__---.--__ _ _ _-_-_ _---__ _ _--__ __--____
1844___________________________
1843 _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _
1842___________________________

i~~~= ===== == === === ========== == =

1850 _______________________ ;_ __
1849__________________________

Includes elevated railways for years prior to 1882.

Includes baggage, mail and express.

1,497
1 ,273

1835____________________________
1834____________________________

1830 __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _

1,098
633

~~~
96
23

RAILROADS

Data:: K 18-27

Senes K 18-27.-RAILROADS BEFORE 1890-CAPITAL, PROPERTY INVESTMENT, INCOME


AND EXPENSES: 1850 TO 1890
lIn thousands of dollars 1
CAPITAL, AND PROPERTY INVESTMENT

YEAR

Investment
in railroad
and
equipment

18

Stock, mortgage bonds, equipment,


obligations, etc.
Total

Capital
stock

Bonded
debt

19

20

21

INTEREST AND DIVIDENDS

INCOME AND EXPENSES

Stock
paying
dividends

Total
traffic
earnings

Operating
expenses

Net
earnings

Dividends
paid

Interest
paid on
funded debts

22

23

24

25

26

27

Excluding elevated railways


1890 _____________________________ 10,020,925
1889_________________ ____________
9,576,940
1888_________________ ____________
9,281,915
1887 _________________ _ _ ___ _ _ _ __ __ _ 8,595,041
1886 _____________ .;.___ ____________
8,089,268
1885 ____________________________ _
1884 ____________________________ _
1883 ___________ ,, ________________ _
1882 ____________________________ _

7,775,858
7,617,986
7,423,040
6,960,649

5,055,225
4,784,173
4,585,472
4,155,628
3,853,748

3,778,610
3,726,655
3,675,793
3,478,914

3,740,255 ____________
3,647,313 ____________

~ :iit6~~

--------------------------524:880-

342,071
317,867
297,307
331,174
297,312

83,576
79,532
78,943
90,013
80,094

224,500
216,878
205,288
202,009
182,885

765,311
498,822
763,307 ____________

266,489
266,514

77,672
93,204

179,681
167,286

1,086,040.
991,935
950,520
931,373
822,192

-----------------------

4,590,472
4,447,104
4,392,287
4,146,958
3,956,377

----------------------------------

------------

============ l----~~~~::~- ============ ____ :~=~~~~

_____ =~=~~~~_I---l- ~~=~~~:-

Including elevated railways


1890 _________________
1889 _________________
1888 _________________
1887 _________________
1886 _________________
1885 _________________
1884 _________________
lS83 _________________
1882 _________________
1881 _________________
1880 _________________
1879 _________________
1878 _________________
18'(7 ___ .: _____________
1876_ .. _______________

8,789,222
8,598,081
8,344,305
7,799,472
7,254,995

10,122,636
9,680,942
9,369,399
8,673,187
8,163,149

4,640,240
4,495,099
4,438,411
4,191,562
3,999,509

5,105,902
4,828,366
4,624,035
4,186,943
3,882,966

1,721,094
1,790,842
1,769,773
1,.805,488
1,675,670

.. -------------------------------- - -------------------_ ... -- ---------------_ ... ---------------------------- ------------

346,921
322,123
301,631
334,989
300,604

85,076
81,263
80,243
91,573
81,654

226,800
218,974
207,124
203,790
189,036

7,037,627
6.924,554
6.684,75.6
6,035,090
5,577,997

7,842,533
7,676,399
7,477,866
7,016,750
6,278,565

3,817,698
3,762,617
3,708,061
3,511.036
3,177,875

3,765,727
3,669,116
3,500,880
3,235,543
2,878,424

1,304,802
1,658,919
1,713,702
1,673,791

------------ -----------------------

------------ ------------

269,494
270,891
298,367
280,317
272,407

77,672
94,415
102,053
102,031
93,344

187,426
178,058
173,140
150,232
128,587

4,653,609
4,416,511
4.166,332
4,180,192
4,086.653

5,402,038
4,872,018
4,772,297
4,806,202
24,468,592

2,708,673
2,395,647
2,292,258
2,313,279
2,248,359

2,530,875
2,319,489
2,297,791
2,255,319
2,165,141

255,558
216,545
187,575
170,977
186,453

77,115
61,681
53,629
58,556
68,040

107,866
112,238
103,161
98,821
93,560

1875 _________________
1874 .. _______________ -' -- _.. -,-- ----1873 _________________ ----,..------1872 _________________
1871 ______ _ ________

---------------------------------1870 _________________
1869 _________________ -----------1868 ____________ ______-----------1867 --- _______
___ ---------------------~

4,658,209
4,221,764
3,784,543
3,159,423
2,664,628

----770~2io-

701,781

-------------_ ... _-_ ...... --------------- .. -------------------937,025

613,734
525,621
490,103
472,909
497,258

~--

190.000 _______________________________________________ _
130,000 ______________________________ ________________ _

-----------~

Includes other interest.


Sum of capital.stock, bonded debt, and $55,092,192 Pacific R. R. U. S. subsidiary bonds.

7.48706-49--14

301,933
310,805

s 2,459,607
82,230,766
s 1,836,904
J 1,511 ,579

84,250
42,802 ___________________________________ _
39,566 _______________________________________________ _

299,263
763,678
424,792
299,263 ___________ _
1855___ _ __ __ _ ______ __
1851 ____________ ~ ____ ----- _______ ------------ ------------ ------------ ---------~-1850 ____________________________ _
318,126 ___________________ ~---.- __________ ~~

----302~528-

74,294 ------_ ... _--503,066


185,506
-----------67,043 -----------189,571
520,466 ----330~895-----------183,811
67,121
526,420
342,609
----------------------64,418 -----------465 ;241 -----------165,754
-----------56,457 ----------- ...
141,746
403,329 ----------------------- ----------------------- ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ -.----------- ... ----------- ----_ ... _---------------- ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ---------.--- ------------ ----- ... _------------------------------756~223- ----4iii:658------------ ----334 : 000- ----228:700- ----i05:300- --- -- 32~i25- -----------2,198,601
1,990,997
1,9.47,639
1,647,844
1,481,450

2,476 ;893
2,041,226
1,869,529
~--1,172,881
1863 __________________________________________________
--- _________
1861 ______ ~---------- _______ ~ ____________________________ ------- _____ -----------1860 _________________________
1,149 ,481 ____ ___ ._________ .------- ___________ _
~___

--------------------------_ .. __ .. _--

Includes other debt.

201

Data: K 28-42

TRANSPORTATION

Series K 28-42.-RAILROADS-MILEAGE, EQUIPMENT, AND PASSENGER SERVICE;


OPERATING STEAM RAILWAYS; 1890 TO 1945
[Includes intercorporate duplications. Unless otherwise noted, the figures cover railways of classes I, II, and III subject to the general exception that beginning
with 1908 the returns for switching and terminal companies have been excluded, while before that year they were included where applicable 1

EQUIPMENT 8

MILEAGE

Number
of
operating
Road
owned
railways 1

YEAR

Track operated
2

Total

Other
main
tracks

Miles
of road

Cars in service

Yard
er Average Passentrack Numb
in
tractive
ger
and
cars
sidings service effort 4

Freighttrain
cars

------------ -----------32
33
34
31
29
30
35
28
--------------- ------

Year
ending
Miles
Miles
Miles
Dec.31: Number
1945 __
517 226,696 398,054 239,438
1944 __
524 227,335 398,437 240,215
1943 __
534 227,999 398,730 240,745
1942 __
543 229,174 399,627 241,737
194L_
559 231,971 403,625 244,263

PASSENGER SERVICE

Locomotives

Miles
41,106
41,178
41,093
41,137
41,166

Miles
117,510
117,044
116,892
116,753
118,196

Number
46,253
46,305
45,406
44,671
44,375

Pounds
53,217
52,822
52,451
51.811
51,217

36

37

Revenue
Average Passenger Passengers
Passenger
per
caparevenue
carried
miles
passencity of
(rail line)
ger-mile
freight
cars 4
38

39

40

41

42

Number
38.633
38,217
38,331
38,446
38,334

Number
1,787,073
1,797,012
1,784,472
1,773,735
1,732,673

Tons
51.1
50.8
50.7
5.0.5
50.3

1,000
dollars
1,719,316
1,793,322
1,655,814
1,Oap,486
515,851

1,000
persons
897,384
915,817
887,674
672,420
488,668

1,000
miles
91,826,353
95,662,501
87,924,994
53,747,029
29,406,250

Cents
1.872
1.875
1.883
1.917
1.754

1940 __
1939 __
1938 __
1937 __
;1.936 __

574
600
611
631
641

233,670
235,064
236,842
238,539
240,104

405,975
408,350
411 ,324
414,572
416,381

245,740
246,922
248,474
250,582
251,542

41,373
41,445
41,589
41,579
41,731

118,862
119,983
121,261
122,411
123,108

44,333
45,172
46,544
47,555
48,009

-50,905
50,395
49,803
49.412
48,972

38,308
38,977
39,931
40,949
41,390

1,684,171
1.680,519
1,731,096
1,776,428
1,790,043

50.0
49.7
49.4
49.2
48.8

417,955
417,716
406,406
443,532
413,189

456,088
454,032
454,508
499,688
492,493

23,815,598
22,712,941
21,656,918
24,695,214
22,459,781

1.755
1.839
1.877
1.796
1.840

1935 __
193L_
1933 __
1932 __
193L_

661
678
700
709
749

241,822
243,857
245,703
247,595
248,829

419,228
422,401
425,664
428,402
429,823

252,930
254,882
256,741
258,869
259,999

41,916
42,109
42,397
42,556
42,780

124,382
125,410
126,526
126,977
127,044

49,541
51,423
54,228
56,732
58,652

48,367
47,712
46,916
46,299
45,764

42,426
44,884
47,677
50,598
52,096

1,867,381
1,973,247
2,072,632
2,184,690
2,245,904

48.3
48.0
47.5
47.0
47.0

358,423
346,870
329,816
377,511
551,726

448,059
452.176
434,848
480,718
599,227

18,509,497
18,068,635
16,368,043
16,997,426
21,933,345

1.936
1.920
2.015
2.221
2.515

1930 __
1929 __
1928 __
1927 __
1926_.:

775
809
849
88O
929

249,052
249,433
249,309
249,131
249,138

429,883
429,054
427,750
424,737
421,341

260,440
260,570
260,546
259,639
258,815

42,742
42,711
42,432
42,071
41,686

126,701
125,774
124,772
123,027
120,840

60,189
61,257
63,311
65,348
66,847

45,225
44,801
43,838
42,798
41,886

53,584
53,838
54,800
55,729
56,855

2,322,267
2,323,683
2,346,751
2,378,800
2,403,967

46.9
730,766
46.3
875,929
45.8
905,271
45.5
980,528
45.1 1,049,210

707,987
786,432
798,476
840,030
874;589

26,875,642
31,164,739
31,717,566
33,797,754
35,672,729

2.719
2.811
2.854
2.901
2.941

1925 __
192L_
1923 __
1922 __
192L_

947
995
1,023
1,041
1,058

249,398
250,156
250,222
250,413
251,176

417,954
415,028
412,993
409,359
407,531

258,631
258,238
258,084
257,425
258,362

40,962
39,91,6
38,697
37,888
37,614

118,361
116,874
116,212
114,046
111,555

68,098
69,486
69,414
68,518
69,122

40,666
39,891
39,177
37,441
36,935

56,814
57,451'
57,159
56,827
56,950

2,414,083
2,411,627
2,379,131
2,352,483
2,378,510

44.8
44.3
43.8
43.1
42.5

1,064,806
901,963 36,166,973
1,085,672
950,459 36,368,290
1,158,925 1,008,538 38,294,178
1,087,516
989,509 35,811 ,046
1,166,252 1,061,131 37,705,737

2.944
2.985
3.026
3.037
3.Q.93

1920 __
1919 __
1918 __
1917 __
1916 __

1,085
1,111
1,131
1 ;168
1,216

252,845
253,152
253,529
253,626
254,037

406,580
403,891
402,343
400,353
397,014

259,941
258,525
258,507
259,705
259,705

36,894
36,730
36,228
35,066
34,325

109,744
108,637
107,608
105,582
102,984

68,942
68,977
67,936
66,070
65,595

36,365
35,789
34,995
33,932
32,840

56,102
56,290
56,611
55,939
55,193

2,388,424
2,426,889
2,397,943
2,379,472
2,329,475

42.4 1,304,815 1,269,913 47,369,906


41.9 1,193,431 1,211,022 46,838,166
41. 6 1,046,166 1,122,963 43,212,458
41.5
840,910 1,109,943 40,099,758
40.9
722,359 1,048,987 35,220,016

2.755
2.548
2.421
2.097
2.051

Year
ending
June 30:
1916 __
1915 __
191L_
1913 __
1912 __
191L_

1,243
1,260
1,297
1,296
1,298
1,312

254,251
253,789
252,105
249,777
246,777
243,979

391,142
387,208
379,508
371,238
362,824

257,569
256,547
253,470
249,852
246,238

33,864 10.1 ,869


33,662 99,910
32,376 98,285
30,827 95,211
29,367 92,019
27,613 88,974

65,314
66,502
67,012
65,597
63,463
62,463

32,380
31,501
31,006
30,258
29,049
28,291

54,774
55,810
54,492
52,717
51,583
49,906

2,313,378
2,341,567
2,349,734
2,298,478
2,229,163
2,208,997

40.5
39.7
39.1
38.3
37.4
36.9

689,627
646,475
703,484
5695,988
660,373
657,638

1,015,338
985,676
1,063,249
1,043,603
1,004,081
997.410

191O __
1909 __
1908 __
1901-_
1906 __

1,806
1,316
1,323
1,564
1,491

240,293
236,834
233,468
229.951
224,363

351,767
342,351
333,646
327.975
317,083

240,831
235,402
230,494
227,455
222,340

25,354
24,573
23,699
22,771
20,982

85,582
82,377
79,453
77,749
73,761

60,019
58,219
57 ;698
55,388
51,672

27,282
26,601
26,356
25,781
24,741

47,179
45,664
45,292
43,973
42,262

2,148,478
2,086,835
2,100,784
1,991,557
1,837,914

35.9
35.3
34.9
33.8
32.2

628,992
563,609
566,833
564,606
510,033

971 ,683
891,472
890,010
873 ,905
797,946

32,338,496
29,109,323
29,082,837
27,718,554
25,167,241

1.937
2.014
2.003

1905 __
1904 __
1903 __
1902 __
190L_

1,380
1,314
1,281
1,219
1,213

218,101
213,904
207,977
202.472
197,237

306.797
297.073
283,822
282,822
265,352

216,974
212,243
205,314
200. Hi5
195.562

19,881
18,338
16.948
15,820
14,876

69,942
66,492
61,560
58,221
54,915

48,357
46,743
43,871
41,225
39,584

23,666
22,804
21,781

1,731,409
1.692,194
1,653,782
1. 546, 101
1,464,328

30.8
30.1
29.4

---------------

40,713
39,752
38,140
36,987
35,969

---------------

472,695
444,327
421,705
392,963
351,356

738,835
715,420
694,892
649,879
607,278

23,800,149
21,923,214
20,915,764
19,689,938
17,353,588

1.962
2.006
2,006
1.986
2.013

1900 __
1899 __
1898 __
1897 _._
1896 __

1,224
1,206
1,192
1,158
1,111

193,346
189,295
186,396
184,428
182,777

258,784
250,143
245,334
242,013
239;140

192,556
187,535
184,648
183,284
181,983

14,075 52,153
13.384 49.224
13,096 ' 47,589
12,795 45,934
12,440 44,718

37,663 -------36,703 -------36,234 - - -- -35,986 -------35,950 --------

34,713
33,850
33,595
33,626
33,003

1,365,531 -------1,295,510 -------1,248,826 -------1,221,730 -------1,221,887 ---_ .... _--

323,716
291,113
266,970
251,136
266,563

576,831
523,177
501,067
489,445
511,773

16,038,076
14,591,328
13,379,930
12,256,940
13,049,007

2.003
1.978
1.973
2.022
2.019

1895 __
1894 __
1893 __
1892 __
189L_

1,104
1,043
1,034
1,002
991

180.657
178,709
176,461
171 ,564
168,403

233,276
229,796
221,864
211.051
207,446

177,746
175,691
169,780
162,397
161.275

12,348
12,163
11 ,633
10,846
10,428

43,181
41,941
40,451
37,808
35,742

35,699
35,492
34,788
33,136
32,139

-------- ... ------

33,112 1,196,119 -------33,018 1,205,169 --------

--------

27,949

947,300 --------

252,246
285,350
301,492
286,806
281,179

507,421
540,688
593,561
560,958
531,184

12,188,446
14,289,446
14,229,101
13,362,898
12,844,244

2.040
1.986
2.108
2.126
2.142

189O __

1,013 163,597 199,876 156,404

9,760

33,711

30,140 -------- 26,820

918,491

260,786

492,431

11,847,786

2.167

2
I

-------- 259,211

Includes circular and unofficial.


Includes lessors, proprietary, circular and unofficial.
Includes switching and terminal companies

202

--

-------- 31,384 1,013,307 -------966,998 --------------- 28,876


--------

34,309,394 2.010
32,474,923 1.991
35,357,221
1.990
34,672,685 52.008
33,132,355 1.987
33,201,694 1.974
i.938

1:928

4 Since 1916, these averages represent steam locomotives and freight cars of class
I railways excluding switching and terminal companies.
6 Classes I aJ?-d II railways.

RAILROADS

Series

l( 43-59.~RAILROADS-FREIGHT

Data: K 43-59

SERVICE STATISTICS, OPERATING STEAM RAILWAYS:


1890 TO 1945

[ Includes intercorporate duplications. Figures subject to general exception that beginning with 1908 the returns for switching and terminal companies are excluded,
while before that year they were included where applicable 1

{"'T
T,
v ...... A"""
'-' .........

YEAR

Freight
revenue
(rail line)

RevTons
enue
freight carried
origi- 1 mile
nated

-----44
43
Year
ending
1,000
Dec. 31: dollars
1945_ _ 6,617,213
1944_ . 7,087,033
1943_ _ 6,865,754
1942_ _ 6,026,416
194L .4,509,760

TT
.......

Revenue
tonmiles
per
mile of
road

Revenue
per tonmile

46

47

45

Millio n Million
Tantons
miles
tons
. 1,493 684,14 82,852,615
1,565 740,58 63,084,195
1,557 730,13 23,032,199
1,498 640,9922,638,067
1,296 477,5761,950,166

Al'JD
TT- RATTWAYS
.....
--..!.
-----~ ._--

TONS OF REVENUE FREIGH'1' ORIGINATED


(CLASS I RAIIWA
--y,S),
- ---

Carload tonnage by commodity group

Revenue
tonmiles
per
trainmile

Revenue
tonmiles
per
loaded
carmile l

Haul
per
ton 2

Revenue
per
ton 2

Total, all
tonnage

Total
carload.
tonnage

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

1,000

1,000

1,000

- - - --- ---

Tonmiles
Cents
0.967 1,034.49
0.957 1,045.67
0.940 1,027.64
0.940 947.87
0.944 827.48

AniProdmals
ucts
of agri- and
culture products

Products
of
mines

Products
of
forests

Manu- L.C.L.
factontures nage!
and
misc.

- - - - - - ----55
56
57
58
59
--- - - - --- - - - ---

Tonmiles
30.18
30.62
31.36
29.76
26.28

Miles Dollars
tons
tons
tons
tons
458.14
4.43 1,424,913 1,404,08 o 159,57123,748
473.28
4.53 1,491.491 1,471 ,36 6145.68 525,413
469.07
4.41 1,481,225 1,462,31 4148,97122,936
427.76
4.02 1,421,187 1,403,61 2117,31 820,620
368.54
3.48 1,227,650 1,209,55 9100,17316,810

tons
732,942
785,265
797,163
804,577
684,433

tons
tons
tons
75,60 4412.;n 520,833
83,73 1 431,27 220,125
80,89 9412,34 518,911
84,570376,52 717,575
71,540336,60 3 18,091

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

'1940_ _3,584,201 1,069 375,36 91,525,579 0.955


955 333,37 51,355,052 0.983
1939. _ 3,297,059
820 291,86 61,171,637 0.994
1938. _ 2,900,676
1937. _ 3,438,421 1,075 362,81 51,446,921 0.945
1936 __ 3,356,631 1,012 341,1821,353,406 0.984

764.30
727.45
676.57
708.35
687.49

25.40
24.59
23.80
24.68
24.32

351.13
351.21
356.05
337.43
337.29

3.35
3.45
3.54
3.19
3.32

1,009,421
901,669
771,862
1,015,586
958,830

994,728
886,794
757,470
998,398
942,538

88,82 115,458
91,56 415,049
95,39 014,760
89,46 015,233
86,64816,209

570,218
496,939
408,835
569,745
541,488

58,22 1262,01 014,693


50,156233,08 6 14,875
43,973 194,51 214,392
58,658265,30217,188
53,156245,03 716,292

1935_ _ 2,831,139
1934_ _ 2,671,901
1933. _ 2,528,968
1932. _ 2,485,475
1931._ 3,302,324

832
802
733
679
945

283,63 71,119,290
270,292 1,058,609
250,651 972,262
235,309 908,296
311 ,073 1,196,960

0.998
0.989
1.009
1.056
1.062

646.17
623.62
619.13
585.49
652.87

23.49
23.19
23.26
22.56
23.44

341.05
336.91
341.77
346.63
329.23

3.40
3.33
3.45
3.66
3.50

789,627
765,296
698,943
646,223
894,186

775;588
750 ,951
684,592
630,989
871 ,412

76,33 815,125
79,30 520,363
81,702 17,651
80,91 718,055
97,487 21,632

445,136
436,380
395,065
362,226
501,903

42,483
35,650
33,165
26,109
43,024

196,50 614,039
179,25 3 14,345
157,00 914,351
143,682 15,234
207,366 22,774

1930._ 4,145,015
1929 __ 4,899,168
1928 __ 4,771,562
1927 __ 4,728,885
1926 __ 4,905,981

1,220
1,419
1,371
1.373
1,440

385,815 1,481,199
450,189 1,727,786
436,087 1,677,089
432,014 1,668,800
447,444 1,732,295

1.074
1.088
1.094
1.095
1.096

699.27
718.03
705.86
689.68
688.56

24.28
24.52
24.31
24.60
24.96

316.21
317.17
318.00
314.75
310.81

3.40
3.45
3.48
3.45
3.41

1,153,197
1,339,091
1,285,943
1,281,611
1,336,142

642,537 69,371
737,879 94,855
696,583 96,737
713,402 99,351
757,703 104,851

277,765 29,667
330,064 36,043
312,013 36,954
291,073 38,440
296,066 39,491

1925 __
1924 __
1923 __
1922 __
1921._

4,648,364
4,437 ..380
4,712,495
4,085,742
4,004,109

1,351
1,287
1,388
1,112
1,018

417,418 1,613,862
391,945 1,518,556
416,256 1,615,741
342,188 1,330,460
309,533 1,199,32R

1.114
1.132
1.132
1.194
1.294

662.53
634.43
632.32
599.12
566.74

24.55
24.47
25.18
24.31
24.60

308.93
304.44
299.94
307.77
304.11

3.44
3.45
3.40
3.67
3.93

1,247,242 1,206,655 109,313 26,324 678,336 107,391 285,291 40,587


1,187,296 1,146,747 116,587 27,747 637,582 108,094 256,737 30,549
1,279,030 1,234,692 109,318 28,254 713,735 115,618 267,767 44,338
1,023,745
980,516 111,787 26,230 532,998 89,059 220 ,442 43,229
940,183
898,191 114,069 24,263 511 ,271 76,419 172,169 41,992

1920 __ 4,420,833
1919 __ 3,624,886
1918 __ 3,522,052
1917 __ 2,897,436
1916 __ 2,631,092

1,,363
1,190
1,377
1,382
1,317

413,699 1,597,133
367,161 1,423,390
408,778 1,582,796
398,263 1,538,211
366,173 1,409,957

.1.069
0.987
0.862
0.728
0.719

639.03
622.51
620.68
588.29
552.26

26.71
25.44
26.96
24.75
22.83

303.52
308.60
296.89
288.18
277.98

3.24 1,255,421
3.05 41,096,449
2.56 1,263,344
2.10 1,264,016
2.00 41,203,367

Year
ending
June 30:
1916 __ 2,469,027
1915 __ 2,037,926
1914-_ 2,126,717
1913 __ 52,198,931
1912 __ 1,968,559
1911._ 1,925,991

1,263
1,024
1,130
1,183
1,031
1,003

343,477 1,325,089
277,135 1,075,962
288,637 1,125,034
301,730 1,190,397
264,081 1,078,580
253,784 1,053,566

0.719
0.735
0.737
50.729
0.744
0.757

536.67
476.13
446.96
5445.43
406.76
383.10

22.39
21.14
21.09
521.12
20.18
19.74

271.98
270.69
255.43
255.15
256.87
254.10

1 ,925,554 1,026 255,017.1 ,071,086


1 ,677,614
881 281,803 953,986
1 ,655,419
870 218,382 974,654
1 ,823,652
977 236,6011 ,052,119
1 ,640,387
896 215,878 982,401

0.753
0.763
0.754
0.759
0.748

380.38
362.57
351.80
357.35
344.39

19.84
19.26
19.62
19.68
18.92

249.68
251.10
253.94
242.05
240.89

322.26
307.76
310.54
296.41
281.26

18.14
17.72
17.60
16.92
16.55
_______

1910 __
1909 __
1908 __
1907 __
1906 __

1905. _ 1 ,450,773
1904_": 1 ,379,003
1903._ 1 ,338,020
1902 __ 1 ,207,229
190L_ 1 ,118,543

1,202,219 110,840 26,595


41,045,148 115,033 35,494
1,209,957 116,051 35,777
1,120,247 104,629 31,858
41,150,456 113,635 30,473

712,155
589,951
734,796
732,653
680,123

1.96
1.99 --925:697 --i878:761 109:483 26:0011.88 41,023,131 4982,892 98,825 26,352
1.92 41,067,978 41,026,817 102,658 25,669
1.91
4926,990 4889,999 86,433 24,064
4901,573 4866,398 81,780 22,833
1.92

574,000
592,164
506,306
483,861

1.88
1.90
1.90
1.87
1.83

186,463
174,522
173,221
157,289
147,077

~61

,396
829,476
855,442
793,351
760,414

0.766
0.780
0.763
0.757
0.750

1900 __ 1 ,049,256
583 141,597
1899._ 913,737 ______
502 1123,667
1898._ 876,728 _
14,078
1897__ 772,849 _------ 95,139
1896 __ 786,616 - ------ 95,328

735,352
659,565
617;810
519,079
523,832

0.729
0.724
0.753
0.798
0.806

237.56
1.85
244.30
1.93
242.35
1.87
239.10
1.84
251.98
1.92
2
270.86 _______ 2 42.73
1.80
243.52
46.58
1.82
226.45 ------- - ------ - -----204.62 ------- ... ------ - -----198.81 ------- - ------ .... ------

0.839
0.860
0.878
0.898
0.895

189.69
179.80
183.97
181. 89
181.67

785
714
715
658
584

1895-1894._
1893. _
1892._
1891.-

729,993
699,491
829,054
799,316
736,794

_-----_ -----_ -----_ -----_------

85,228
80,335
93,588
88,241
81,074

479,490
457,252
551,232
543,365
502,705

1890 __

714,464 __ -----

76,207

487,245 0.941

1,123,530 110,728 23,129


1,303,048 115,343 24,907
1,248,989 118,022 25,634
1,243,171 113,342 26,003
1,296,651 111,787 26,244

----------------------------

-------------------

---------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- -------

100,765 251,864 53,202


94,076 210,256 51,301
97,256 226,077 53,387
100,838 240,269 53,769
93,819 231,039 52,911

-- -:..--507:250 -76:614 157,085 46:93691,094 177,950 40,239


93,762 196,947 41,161
74,796 166,134 36,991
79,345 163,380 35,175

------- ------- ------- ---_ ... _- ------------- ------- ------- ------- -----_ ....
------- ------- ------- ------- ------------- ------- - .... ---- ------- ... ------------ ... ------ ------- ... ------ ... -_ ... -_ ...

---------- ---------- ------- ----.-- - ------ - ------ - ------ - ----- ...


---------- - -- ... ------ - ------ - ------ - ------ - ------ - ------ - --------------- - --------- ... ------ ... ----_ ...... ------ - ... ... _--- ... ------ - --------------- ... --------- ... ------ ... ----- ... - ------ - --- .. -- - ... _--_ ...... -- --_ ...
---------- - --------- - ------ ... ------ - ------ - ------ - --- -_ ... - -- ---.---------- - --------- - --------------- - ------ .. -- ... -------------- - --------- - ------ -------_ .... - --------- - ------ --------- - --------- ... ------

- ------ - --- --- .. ------ ------ - --- ---... ----------- - ------ - ------ .. -_ ... _- ...... -- --_ ...
------ - ------ - ------ .. ------ - -- -- .. - ------ .... ------ - --_ .. -- ... -_ .. _- .. - ---_ .. - ------ - ------ ------ - ------

------- - ------ - ------ - --------- - --------- - ------ - ------ - ------ - ------ - ------ - -- ---------- - ------ - ------ - --------- .. --------- - ------ - ------ - ------ - ------ - ------ - ------------ - ------ - ------ - --------- - --------- - ... ----- - ---- ... - ... ------ ... --_ .. - ... - ------ - ------------ - ------ - ------ - --------- - --------- - ------ .. ------ - ------ - ----_ ..... ------ - ------------ - ------ - ------ - --------- - ---_ ... ---- - ------ - ------ - ---- -- - ----_ ...... ------ - -- ----

175.12 ------- - ------

I This average is obtained by dividing the revenue ton-miles by the total loaded
car-miles, the latter item including some cars loaded with nonrevenue freight. This
method is necessary to preserve comparability with figures for the earlier years,
and the figures differ slightly from the average "net tons per loaded car" shown
in the regular monthly statements of Freight and Passenger Service Operating
Statistics, based on revenue and nonrevenue ton-miles and car-miles.

------ - --------- - --------- - -----. - ------ - ------ - --- ... --

...

----- ..

- ... _---

United States as a system.


L. C. L. means less than carload lots.
,
Includes the following amounts of unassigned carload tonnage (thousands):
1911, 35,199; 1912, 32,266; 1913, 15,617; 1914,14,671; 1915,2,268; 1916, 1,367;
and 1919, 338.
5 Classes I and II railways.
2
S

203

Data: K 60-70

TRANSPORTATION

-Series K 6o--70.-RAILROADS-CAPITAL AND PROPERTY INVESTMENT: 1890 TO 1945


[ Includes intercorporate duplications. Figures subject to general exception that beginning with 1908, the returns for switching and terminal companies are excluded.
while before that year they were included where applicable 1

CAPITAL AND PROPERTY INVESTMENT (CLASS I, II, III RAILWAYS AND THEIR LESSORS)

Railway capital outstanding 4

Road and equipment


Investment, Depreciation
book value 1 ,
reserve 3

YEAR

60

61

Total

Common
stock

Preferred
stock

Funded debt
unmatured

62

63

64

65

CAPITAL EXPENDITURES FOR ADDITIONS


AND BETTERMENTS (CLASS I RAILWAYS)

Net capitalization

Stock
paying
dividends

Total

Equipment

Roadway
and
structures

66

67

68

69

70

1,000

1,000

Million
dollars
7,743
7,790
7,842
7,882
7,832

Million
dollars
2,004
2,023
1,936
1,959
1,980

Million
dollars
11,144
11 ,880
12,371
12,901
13,140

Million
dollars
15,667
16,276
16,755
17,315
17,568

1,000.

dollars
5,549,720
4,382,604
3,939,562
3,561,570
3,240,145

Million
dollars
20,891
21,693
22,149
22,742
22,952

1,000

dollars
526,967,756
526,631,654
5 26,145,458
525,838,351
525,668,984

dollars
5,383,158
5,523,271
5,466,566
5,355,928
3,861,658

1,000

dollars
562,980
560,112
454,282
534,897
543,021

dollars
314,779
328,231
255,981
349,374
367,568

dallars
248,201
231,881
198,31>1
185,523
175,453

1940 ___ 525,646,014


1939 ___ 5 25,538,157
1938 ___ 5 25,595,739
1937 ___ 525,636,082
1936 ___ 525,432,388

3,095,237
3,102,779
3,044,972
2,950,848
2,809,063

23,371
23,609
23,855
24,123
24,003

8,005
8,025
8,040
8,064
7,993

2,064
2,050
2,049
2,050
2,036

13,302
13,534
13,766
14,009
13,97.4

17,630
17,698
17,988
18,319
18,336

3,741,132
3,190,115
3,139,486
3,890,177
3,594,789

429,147
262,029
226,937
509,793
298,991

271,906
133,388
115,4.08
322,877
159,104

157,241
128,641
111 ,529
186,916
139,887

1935 ___
1934 ___
1933 ___
1932 ___
193L __

525,500,465
525,681,608
625,901,962
526,086,991
526,094,899

2,77.1 ,404
2,764,726
2,707,942
2,632,922
2,520,738

24,247
24,570
24,723
24,837
24,344

7,987
7,994
8.057
8,067
8,031

2,036
2,044
2,042
2,047
2,049

14,224
14,532
14,624
14,723
14,264

18,342
18,653
18,831
18,894
18,941

3,412,968
3,411,520
3,119,282
3,298,822
7,325,664

188,302
212,712
103,947
167,194
361,912

79,335
92,005
15,454
36,371
73,105

108,967
120,707
88,493
130,823
288,807

1930 ___ 526,051,000


1929 ___ 525,465,036
1928 ___ 524,875,984
1927 ___ 5 24,453,871
1926 ___ 5 23,800,740

2,360,767
2,169,736
2,043,976
1,946,798
1,811 ,002

24,331
23,983
23,747
23,614
23,677

8,009
7,853
7,809
7,683
7,560

2,074
2,065
2,034
1,980
1,925

14,248
14,065
13,904
13,951
14,192

19,066
18,680
18,511
18,137
18,234

7,702,021
7,506,265
7,159,989
6,701,427
6,473,280

872,608
853,721
676,665
771 ,552
885,086

328,269
321,306
224,301
288,701
371 ,922

532,415
452,364
482,851
513,164

1925 ___
1924 ___
1923 ___
1922 ___
192L __

523,217,209
5 22,182,267
521,372 ;858
520,580,001
,. 20,329,221

1,681,291
1,549,969
1,408,461
1,335,453
1,237,030

23,644
23,636
22,839
22,290
22,292

7,602
7,539
7,398
7,307
7,275

1,937
1,935
1,852
1,834
1.801

14 ,105
14,162
13,589
13,149
13,216

18,191
18,202
17,810
17,280
17,083

6,278,532
6,042,268
5,646,076
5,321,347
5,059,844

748,191
874,744
1,059,149
429,273
557,035

338,114
493,609
681,724
245,509
319,874

410,077
381,135
377,425
183,764
237,161

1920 ___
1919 ___
1918 ___
1916 ___

19,849,320
19,300,121
18,984.,766
18,574,298
17,842,777

1,081,342
1,009,322
936,979
796,395
628,934

21,891
20,950
20,785
21,249
21,049

7,215
7,193
7,249
7,454
7,594

1,898
1,898
1,806
1,848
1,455

12,778
11 ,859
11,730
11 ,947
12,000

16,994
16,550
16,454
16,402
16,333

5,075,040
5,298,321
5,138,851
5,610,774
5,430,123

------------ -----_ .. __ ... _------------ ------------ --------- .... _..


--------_
.. -- -------_ .. _------ ------------------ ------------ ----------------------- ---- .... --- ..... -... .............. - .................

Year ending
June 30:
1916 ___
1915 ___
191L __
1913 ___
1912 ___
1911 ___

17 ,689 ,425
17,441,420
17,153,786
16,588,603
16,004,745
15,612,379

571 ,360
511 ,452
435,835
7327,847
72.59,661
7210,466

21,092
21,128
20,247
& 19,796
19,753
19,209

7,603
7,600
67,304
67,232
7,249
7,075

1,456
1,395
61,376
61,379
1,374
1,396

12,033
12,133
11,567
11,185
11 ,130
10,738

16,336
16,308
615,759
615,366
15,126
15,044

5,279,428
5,219,847
5,667,073
5,780,982
5,581,289
5,730,250

1910 ___ 814,557,816


1909 ___ 13,609,184
1908 ___
13,213,767
1907 ___
13,030,344
1906 __ ~ 12,420,288

-----------------------

6,710
6,218
5,911
5,933
5,403

1,403
1,468
1.463
1;424
1,401

10,304
9,802
9,394
8,725
7,766

14,376
13,914
12,834

5,412,578
4,920,174
4,843,371
4,948,756
4,526,959

1902_,"_
190L __

----------------------11,951,349 ---- ... ----_ ... 11 ,511 ,537 -----------10,973 ,505 -----------10,658,321 -----------10,405,095 _

18,417
17,488
16,768
16,082
14,570

------------ ---------- .. - ----------------------- ------------ ----.------------------- ------ ----------------- -----.. ----- - .. _-------- ...
--- ----- --------------- ------------ ----------------------- ------------ ----------------------- ------------ ------ -- ... _--- .......... -........... .. ..... -_ ..... -.. -. -

13,805
13,213
12,600
12,134
11 ,688

5,181
5,051
4,877
4,722
4,475

1,373
1,289
1,279
1,302
1,331

7,251
6,873
6,444
6,110
5,882

11,167
10,712
10,282
9,926
9,483

4,119,087
3,643,427
3,450,738
3,337,645
2,977,575

1900 ___
1899 ___
1898 ___
1891- __
1896 ___

10,263,313 _----------9,961,841 _----------9,760,581_ ----------9,709,329 _


... ------9,500,32E _-------_ ...

11,491
11 ,034
10,819
10,635
10,567

4,522
4,323
4,269
4,367
4,257

1,323
1,192
1,119
998
970

5,646
5,519
5,431
5,270
5,340

9,548
9,432
9,297
9,168
9,066

2,668,970
2,239,50:3
1,818,113
1,603,550
1,559,024

10,347
10,191
9,895
9,686
9,291

4,202
4,104
3,982
3,979
3,796

760
730
687
654
655

5,385
5,357
5,226
5,053
4,840

8,900
8,647
8.332
8,295
8,008

1,485,618
1,767,926
1,809,601
1,825,705
1,796,391

8,984

3,803

606

4,575

7,577

1.598,132

Year ending
Dec. 31:
1945 ___
1944 ___
1943 ___
1942 ___
194L __

1917_~_

1905 ___
1904 ___
1903_~_

1895 ___
1894 ___
1893. __
1892 ___
189L __
1890 ___

--------~---

-----------

---

_9,203,491 _----------9,073,471 _
-----------

8,937,546 _----------9 8,690 ,083 _


9 8,444,856_
-----------

-----------

8 ,133 ,665 _

-----------

&

Includes proprietary.
Increase in investment over a period of years cannot be obtained accurately by
subtraction of 1 year's investment from that of another owing to reorganization,
sale, or abandonment reclassification, etc.
J Includes depreciation on "Miscellaneous physical property," for years prior to
1920. Amortization of defense projects included subsequent to 1940.
4 The figures subsequent to the year 1914 include actually outstanding, nominally
issued, and no:minally outstanding securities in order that they may be comparable
with those of previous years in which these items were not segregated. Funded debt
. unmatured does not include equipment obligations subsequent to 1942, but they
are included herein to prese_rve the comparability of the figures.
1

204

6
&

-----ii~6i2-

1,000

544,3~9

----------~-

---------- .....

------------ ------------ -~--------------------- ------------ ----------------------- ------------ ----------------------- ------------ --------.--------------- ------------ ----_ .. -- ... _---- -... -----_ ... ---------- ... - ---------_ .....
---------- ... - ... ----------- ----------------------- ------------ ----------------------- ------------ -------- ... _-_... _---- ... _--- ... ... ---- ... ----- ... _-_ ... _ ... ---------------- ... ----- --- --- ----- --- -- .. .. ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ----------------------- .. ----------- .. - .. _------------------- ------------ .. ---------------------- ------------ ----------------------- .. ----- ... ----- ----------------------- .. --------- .. - .. ---------------------- ------------ ----- -- .. -..
----~----

~-

5 For 1921 to 1924, includes investment of lessor companies; and for 1925 to 1946,
investment of lessor and proprietary companies; however, excludes investment of
proprietary companies which are a part of systems filing consolidated annual
reports.
6 Classes '1 and II railways and their lessor subsidiaries_
7 Class I railway.
~ lnvestment for 1910 originally published is increased by$170,000,OOO, estimated
reserve for accrued depreciation, to make figures comparable with those of other
years .
9 Represents 1893 investments less increases each year on account of change in
classification in 18fl3.

RAILROADS

Data: K 71-81

Series K 71-Sl.-RAILROADS-INCOME AND EXPENSES, AND INTEREST AND DIVIDENDS:


1890 TO 1945
[ Includes intercorporate duplications. Unless otherwise noted, figures cover railways of classes I, II, and III, subject to general exception, that beginning with 1908
the returns for switching and terminal companies are excluded, while before that year they were included where applicable J

INTEREST AND DIVIDENDS

INCOME AND EXPENSES

Operating expenses
YEAR

Operating
revenue

Amount

71

72

Year ending
Dec. 31:
1,000 dollars
1945 ___ 8,986,954
1944 ___
9,524,628
1943 ___
9,138,419
1942 ___
7,547,826
1941. __
5,413,972

1,000 dollars
7,115,391
6,345,035
5,714,804
4,653,705
3,709,921

Maintenance Mainteof way and


nance of
structure
equipment
73

Operating
income

Net oper- Net income


Tax accruals ating
incom e

75

74

1,000 dollar8 1,000 dollar 8


1,431,221 2,157,678
1,283,208 1,59.7,155
1,1.25,873 1,449,356
811 ,206 1,219,460
615,533 1,000,375

76

1,000 dollars 1,000 dollars


1,036,130
835,434
1,317,941
1,861,652
1,560,675
1,862,940
1,682,347
1,211,775
1,148,081
555,970

/Ratio of operI

atingexpe~uies

Dividends
declared 1

Interest
accrued on
funded debt I

to operatmg
revenues

77

78

79

80

81

1,000 dollars
858,864
1,113,153
1,370,568
1,499,364
1,009;592

1,000 dollars
502,250
733,461
946,150
992,843
557,672

Percent

1,000 dollars
295,294
292,248
263,919
254,088
239,438

1,000 dollars
428,404
488,877
515,617
564,174
543,954

79.17
66.62
62.54
61.66
68.52

1940 ___
1939 ___
1938 ___
1937 ___
1936 ___

4,354,712
4,050,047
3,616,072
4,226,325
4,108,658

3,131,598
2,959,438
2,762,681
3,165,154
2,973,366

508,328
477,697
431,021
508,319
466,284

826,242
773,080
683,529
834,820
790,240

820,161
728,992
507,155
730,158
810,434

402,953
361,617
346,236
331,013
324,858

690,554
595,961
376,865
597,841
675,600

243,148
141,134
87,468
146,351
221,591

71.91
73.07
76.40
74.89
72.37

216,522
179,412
136,270
227,596
231,733

547,333
512,283
521,758
532,237
548,452

1935 ___
1934. __
1933 ___
1932 ___
193L __

3,499,126
3,316,861
3,138,186
3,168,537
4,246,385

2,630,177
2,479,997
2,285,218
2,441,814
3,273,906

404,105
375,410
331,653
361,337
544,300

688,678
644,989
605,409
625,606
825,923

626,973
592,034
598,222
446,417
663,084

240,760
24::1 ,6~16
253,522
279,263
308,492

505,415
465,896
477,326
325,332
528,204

52,177
23,282
26,543
121,630
169,287

75.17
74.77
72.82
77.06
77 .10

202,568
211 ,767
158,790
150,774
401,463

559,187
569,760
590,230
591,340
592,866

1930 ___
1929 ___
1928 __ ~
1927 ___
1926 ___

5,356,484
6,373,004
6,212,464
6,245,716
6,508,679

3,993,621
4,579,162
4,508,606
4,662,521
4,766,235

723,525
877,067
861,846
895,063
894,886

1,030,482
1,216,045
1,181,251
1,234,655
1,300,680

1,007,907
1,389,955
1.306,620
1,198,547
1.344,010

353,881
402,698
395,631
383,112
396,538

874,154
1,262,636
1,182,467
1,077 ,842
1,229,020

577,923
977,230
855,018
741,924
883,422

74.56
71.85
72.57
74.65
73.23

603,150
560,902
510,018
2567,281
473,683

588,742
580,770
578,831
583,452
581,'W9

1925 ___
1924 ___
1923 ___
1922 ___
192L __

6,246,884
6,045,252
6,419,210
5,674,483
5,632,665

4,633,497
4,608,807
4,999,383
4,509,991
4,668,998

844,186
821,793
843,224
755,030
787,537

1,278,227
1,279,680
1,485,555
1,269,971
1,271 ,921

1,245,622
1,086,578
1,078,226
854,7'l9
678,551

365,790
347,437
339.,577
308,145
283,163

1,136,728
984,463
974,918
769,411
601.139

771 ,053
623,399
632,118
434,459
350,540

74.17
76.24
77 .88
79.48
82.89

409,645
385,130
411 ,882
338,806
456,482

588,301
551,705
538,594
529,398

1920_~_
1919_~._

6,310,151
5,250,420
4,985,290
4,115,413
3,691,065

5,95,4,394
4,498,817
4,071,522
2,906,283
2,426,251

1,069,436
800,912
673,084
460,447
439,195

1,613,950
1,245,264
1,120,611
700,073
609,105

75,402
511 ,546
684,004
988,776
1,102,171

289,272
239,136
229,533
218,632
161,825

12.101
454,132
646,223
950,557
1,058,506

442,336
658,225
735,341

!~~:~g~

94.36
85.68
81.67
70.62
65.73,

331,103
335,242
339,186
381,852
366,561

500,354
416,075
468,286
474,123
481,426

Year ending
June 30:
1916 ___
3,472,642
1915 ___
2,956,193
1914. __
3,127,730
1913 ___ s 3,193,118
1912 ___
2.906,416
1911. __
2,852,855

2,277,202
2,088,683
2,280.416
32,235,923
2,035,058
1,976,332

421,501
381,532

1421,232
367,448
366,025

570,326
509,819
1532,139
'511 ,561
450,373
428,367

1,044,603
729,069
706,844
'835,190
757,540
773,866

150,015
137,775
140.470
1122,005
113,819
102.657

1,002,935
694,276
674,190
1805,266
727,458
744,669

671 ,398
354,787
395,492
' 546.761
453,125
547,281

65.58
70.65
72.91
s 70.02
70.02
69.28

342,109
328,478
451,653
369,078
400,315
460,195

474,535
464,186
442,595
' 434,753
429,027
410,327

832,228
738,032
651,562

805,097
710,474
634,794
766.846
719,824

583,191
441,063
443,987
488,014
434,229

66.92
66.72
70.08
67.23.
66.08

405,771
321,072
390,695
308,089
272,796

399,582
382,675
368,296
344,243
322,556

1918 ___
1917 ___
1916 ___

s 419,278

5~3,875

1910 ___
1909 ___
1908 __ ._
1907 ___
1906 ___.

2.812,142
2,473,205
2,440,639
2,589,106
2,325,765

1,881,879
1,650,034
1,710,402
1.748,516
1,536,877

368,507
308,450
329,373
343,545
311,721

413,110
363,913
368,354
368,062
328,555

---------------------

98,035
85,140
78,674
73, 741~
69,064

1905 __ .
1904. __
1903 ___
1902'; __
1901. __

2,082,482
1,975,174
1,900,847
1,726,380
1,588,526

1.390,602
1,338,896
1,257,539
1,116,249
1,030,397

275,046
261,280
266,422
248,382
231,057

288,441 ----------267,185 ----------240,430 ----------213,381 --------.--190,300 -----------

58,712
56,802
53,252
50,054
46,708

633,168
579,476
590,056
560,077
511 ,421

364,811
317,308
338,324
314,989
273,450

66.78
67.79
66.16
64.66
64.86

237,964
221,941
196,728
185,392
156,736

310,632
297,675
283,953
.274,422
262,095

190o ___
1899 ___
1898 ___
1897 ___
1896 ___

1,487,045
1,313,610
1,247,326
1,122,090
1,150,169

961,429
856,969
817,973
752,525
772,989

211,221
180,411
173,315
159,434
160,345

181,174
150,919
142,625
122,762
133,382

44,445
44,397
41,929
41,119
. 37,962

481,171
412,244
387,424
328,446
339,219

252,760
177,225
147,167
85,802
94,794

64.65
65.24
65.58
67.06
67.20

139,598
111 ,010
96,153
87,111
87,603

252,950
251,158
246,127
247.880
249,624

1895 ___
1894. __
1893 ___
1892 ___
189L __

1,075,371
1,073.362
1,220,752
1,171 ,407
1,096,761

725,720
731,414
827,921
780,998
731,888

143,976
143,669
169,258
164,189
153,672

113,789
112,895
136,876
128,712
117,048

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

38,146
36,556
35,071
32.751
32,052

311 ,505
305,391
357,760
357,658
332,822

60,133
60,174
114,015
120,091
114,965

67.48
68.14
67.82
66.67
66.73

85,288
95,515
100.930
97,615
91,118

252,513
252.780
250,177
240,075
219,521

1890 ___

1.051,878

692,094

152,719

114,039

-----------

29,806

329,978

106,270

65.80

87,072

221,500

I Includes lessors.
, Includes unusual items, amounting to $76.300,QOO, not representing cash.

S
j

Classes I and II railways.


Classes I and II railways and their lessor subsidiarie.s.

205

TRANSPORTATION

Data: K 82-93

Series K 82-93.-RAILROADS-EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES, AND RAILWAY ACCIDENTS


AND FATALITIES: 1890 TO 1945
.
[Statistics on accidents and fatalities not strictly comparable because of changing definition of a reportable accIdent]
EMPLOYMENT AND
WAGES I
YEAR

Number of
employees
82

RAILWAY ACCIDENTS AND FATALITIES

Compensation of
railroad
employees

Killed
84

83

Passengers

Total

Employees

23

Injured

Killed

Injured

85

86

87

88

Other persons

Injured

Killed

89

Trespassers

3 Ii

Killed

Injured

Killed

Injured

90

91

92

93

Year ending
Dec.
31:
1945
__________
1944 __________
1943 __________
1942 __________
194L _________

persons
1,439
1,434
1,375
1,291
1,159

dollars
3,900,928
3,897,755
3,556,189
2,966,062
2,360,369

4,812
4,908
5,051
5,337
5,191

61,515
61,251
60,348
48,123
37,829

156
267
278
122
48

4,840
4,854
5,166
3,501
3,009

972
1,087
1,072
1,005
807

48,632
48,613
46,971
36,032
25,866

2,052
1,958
1,946
2,197
2,141

6,870
6,632
7,076
7,237
7,378

1,632
1,596
1,753
2,013
2,195

1,173
1,152
1,135
1,353
1,576

1940 __________
1939 __________
1938 __________
1937 __________
1936 __________

1,046
1,007
958
1,137
1,086

1,990,631
1,889,130
1,771,083
2,013,677
1,873,819

4,740
4,492
4,649
5,502
5,550

29,606
28,144
27,275
36,713
34,723

83
40
81
34
41

2,597
2,580
2,345
2,594
2,548

583
536
513
712
720

18,350
17,383
16,569
24,114
22,409

1,979
1,564
1,695
2,102
1,988

6,886
6,225
6,253
7,703
7,348

2,095
2,352
2,360
2,654
2,801

1,773
1,956
2,108
2,302
2,418

1935 __________
1934 __________
1933 __________
1932 __________
193L ___ ,______

1,014
1,027
991
1,052
1,283

1,666,229
1,541,313
1,424,392
1,535,066
2,124,784

5,258
5,020
5,180
4,905
5,271

28,108
28,641
27,516
29,232
35,671

30
38
51
27
46

1,949
1,945
2,067
1,912
2,104

600
556
533
579
677

16,742
17,338
15,932
17,742
23,358

1,842
1,729
1,704
1,722
2,059

6,711
6,573
5,915
6,214
7,232

2,786
2,697
2,892
2,577
2,489

2,706
2,785
3,602
3,364
2,977

1930 ____ 1______


1929 __________
1928 ____
1927 ____ :______
1926 ______ -' ___ .

1,517
1,694
1,692
1,776
1,822

2,588,598
2,940,206
2,874,429
2,963,034
3,001,804

5,665
6,690
6,680
6,992
7,090

49,443
77,013
86,205
104,817
130,235

61
114
91
88
152

2,666
3,846
3,468
3,893
4,461

977
1,428
1,329
1,570
1 !672

35,872
60,739
70,873
88,223
111,903

2,218
2,724
2,773
2,608
2,705

8,230
10,082
9,497
9,976
11,326

2,409
.2,424
2,487
2,726
2,561

2,675
2,346
2,367
2,725
2,545

1925 __________
1924 __________
1923 __________
1922 __________
192L _________

1 ;786
1,795
1,902
1,670
1,705

2,916,193
2,882,658
3,062,026
2,693,292
2,823,970

6,766
6,617
7,385
6,325
5,996

137,435
143,739
171,712
134,871
120,685

176
153
143
203
205

5,643
6,023
6,463
6,712
5,584

1,599
1,543
2,026
1,657
1,446

119,224
125,319
152,678
117,197
104,530

2,347
2,300
2,397
1,967
4,345

9,640
2,644
2,928
9,268
2,621
3,129
2,819
9,279
3,292
7,834
2,498
3,128
10,571. -------- ... - ----- -----

1920 __________
19l9 __________
1918 __________
1917 __________
19l6 __________

2,076
1,960
1,892
1,786
1,701

3,754,281
2,897,769
2,665,013
1,782,965
1,506,961

6,958
6,978
9,286
10,087
10,001

168,309
149,053
174,575
194,805
196,722

229
273
471
301
246

7,591
7,456
7,316
7,582
7,152

2,578
2,138
3,419
3,199
2,941

149,414
131,018
156,013
174,247
176,923

4,151
4,567
5,396
6,587
6,814

11 ,304
10,579
11,246
12,976
12,647

Year ending
June 30:
1916 __________
1915 __________
1914 __________
1913 __________
1912 __________
191L _________

1,654
1,548
1,710
61,815
1,716
1,670

1,403,968
1,277,663
1,381,117
61,373,831
1,252,348
1,208,466

1,699

1,436
1,672
1,521

1905 __________
190L __ :! ______
1903 __________
1902 __________
190L _________

______

1,000

1,000

---------- ------------------- -------------- ---- --------------- ---- --------_ ..


---------- ---------...

10,302
10,964
10,585
10,396

192,662
200,308
169,538
150,159

232
350
283
299

13,887
15,130
14,938
12,042

3,259
3,715
3,635
3,602

165,212
171,417
142,442
126,039

6,811
6,899
6,667
6,495

--- --- ---- -- ----- ------------ -- ----- --13,563 ---------- ---------13,761 ----_ .. ---- ---- ... _---12,158 ---------- ---------12,078 ---------- --------"--

1, 143,725
988,324
1,035,438
1,072,386
900,802

9,682
8,722
10,188
11 ,839
10,618

119,507
95,626
104,230
111,016
97,706

324
253
381
610
359

12,451
10,311
11,556
13,041
10,764

3,382
2,610
3,405
4,534
3,929

95,671
75,006
82,487
87,644
76,701

5,976
5,859
6,402
6,695
6,330

11 ,385
10,309
10,187
10,331
10,241

1,382
1,296
1,313
1,189
1,071

839,945
817,599
757,321
676,029
610,714

9,703
10,046
9,840
8,588
8,455

86,008
84,155
76,553
64,662
53,339

537
441
355
345
282

1.0,457
9,111
8,231
6,683
4,988

3,361
3,632
3,606
2,969
2,675

66,833
67,067
60,481
50,524
41,142

5,805
5,973
5,879
5,274
5,498

8,718 ... ------- ... - ---------7,977 ---------- --------- ..


7,841 ---------- ---------7,455 ---------- ---------7,209 ---------- ---- .... -----

1900 __________
1899 __________
1898 __________
1897 __________
1896 __________

1,018
929
875
823
827.

577,265
522,968
495,056
465,602
468,825

7,865
7,123
6,859
6,437
6,448

50,320
44,620
40,882
36,731
38,687

249
239
221
222
181

4,128
3,442
2,945
2,795
2,873

2,550
2,210
1,958
1,.693
1,861

39,643
34,923
31,761
27,667
29,969

5,066
4,674
4,680
4,522
4,406

6,549 ---------6,255 ---------6,176 ---------6,269 ---------5,845 ----------

1895 __________
1894 __________
1893 __________
1892 __________
189L _________

785
780
874
821
784

6,136
6,447
7,346
7,147
7,029

33,748
31,889
40,393
36,652
33,881

170
324
299
376
293

2,375
3,034
3,229
3,227
2,972

1,811
1,823
2,727
2,554
2,660

25,696
23,422
31,729
28,267
26,140

4,155
4,300
4,320
4,217
4,076

5,677 --------- ... --------5,433_ =--------- ...


5,435 ---------- ... .. _----5,158 ---------- - -------- ..
4,769 ---------- .. -------- ...

1890 __________

749 ------------

19l0 __________
1909 __________
1908 __________
1907 __________
1906 __ .: ____ ~~_

.1 ,503

----8:621- --162:040-

445,508
--------------------------------------------..

---------

---------

---------

See headllote for series K 71-81.


Data cover passengers on trains and travelers not on trains.
8 Casualties sustained in nontrain accidents included with "Other persons."
Nontrain accidents are those not caused directly by operation or movement of
trains, locomotives, or cars, but attributable to shop machinery or use of tools and
apparatus that result in reportable casualties..
.
1

206

---10:9iX ----2:152- --138:092- ----6:270- ---13:034-

---~--199-

..

---------

--------

.. ---------

---------- --------- ..
----------

----------

---------- ------------------- ----------

----------

----------

..

---------

.. --------... --- -... ---- ... ---... ----;".----

----

-_

--------- - - .... -'- .. -- - - --------- - ---------

4 Prior to 1921 casualties sustained by employees not on duty


dents included with "Other persons."
Ii Trespassers included with "Other persons" prior to 1922.
f Classes I and II railways.

in

nontrain acci-

Data: K 94-104

SHIPPING AND WATER TRAFFIC

Series K 94-104.-DOCUMENTED MERCHANT VESSELS-COMPOSITION OF THE MERCHANT


MARINE: 1789 TO 1945
U Gross tonnage of documented vessels of 5 tons net or more. Figures in boldface represent changes from those shown in source; see table 2 in text for series K 94-131]
TOTAL, DOCUMENTED
VESSELS
YEARl

Number

Gross tons

MAJOR CLASS

Steam and
motor

Saiiing

TYPE OF TRADE IN WHICH ENGAGED


MATER"L OF wmeH

BUILT

!Canal boats
and barges

Metal

98

99

95

96

97

Tons

Tons

1945 (Jan. 1) -------1944- ___ - - - - --- -- - -1943 ____ - - - - - - - - - - -1942 _____ - - --- -- ---1941 (Jan. 1) ~-------

29,797
28,690
27,612
27,325
27,075

32,813,281
25,795,497
16,761,754
13,859,640
13,721,614

30,246,990
23,216,972
14,051,556
11,072,130
11,046,822

114,725
129,297
142,453
166,290
181,710

2,451,566
2,449,228
2,567,745
2,621,220
2,493,082

1940(June30)------1939 _____ - - - - - - - - --1938 ______ ----- ----1937 ________________


1936 _____ - - - - - - - -- --

27,212
27,470
27,155
26,588
25,392

14,018,188
14,631,991
14,651,365
14,676,128
14,496,687

11 ,352,742
11,952,003
12,007,077
12,169,735
12,266,561

199,845
221,452
260,517
312,161
379,160

(4)
2,465,601
2,458,536 12,158,752
2,383,771 12,130,133
2,194,232 12,233,368
1,850,966 12,263,151

1935 ________ -- -----1934 _______ -- - -----1933 _____ - - - - -- - -- -1 932 ______ - - - ------1931 ________ - - - - - ---

24,919
24,904
24,868
25,156
25,471

14;653,756
14,861,834
15,060,157
15,838,655
15,908,256

12,535,257
12,686,583
12,862,240
13,567,825
13,528,019

441,067
499,871
562,959
624,837
673,017

1,677,432
1,675,380
1,634,958
1,645,993
1,707,220

1930 _______ -- -- ----1929 ______ --- - - - - - -_______ -- - -- ---1928


927 ________________
1
1926 _______ - - -- - ----

25,214
25,326
25,385
25,778
26,343

16,067,725
16,476,859
16,683,061
16,887,501
17,311,147

13,756,991
14,161,837
14,346,679
14,506,849
14,848,220

756,792
825,268
915,149
988,742
1,091,543

1925 ______ - -- -- -- --1924 ___________ -- - -1923 _______ -- -- -- - -1922 ______ - - --- -- --1921 ______ - - - -- -- - --

26,367
26,575
27,017
27,358
28,012

17,405,902
17,740,557
18,284,734
18,462,967
18,282,136

14,976,393
15,315,343
15,821,401
15,982,100
15,745,115

1920 _________'__ ----1919 ___________ -- --_________ -- -- - -1 918


917 ________________
1
19 16 _______ --- - -- --,19 15 ______ - - - - - - - ---

19 14 ________ --- ----19 13 ______ - -- - - - -- -19 12 ______ -- - -- - - --19 11 _______ - - - - -----

26,701
26,943
27,070
26,528
25,991

19 10 _________ -- - -- -19 09 ________ - -- - - --19 08 ______ - -- - - -- - -1907 ________ - -- - - - -19 06 _____ --- --- - - ---

94

Cod and

I mackerel
fisheries

Wood

Foreign
trade

Coastwise
and
internal

100

101

102

103

104

Tons

Tons

Whale
fisheries

Tons

Tons

Tons

(.)

2,473,239
2,521,232
2,442,760
2,233,542

3,637,617
3,311 ,816
3,550,815
3,833,224
4,159,348

10,351,967
11,288,031
11 ,063 ,804
10,798,119
10,300,410

20,466
20.845
20,712
20,263
9,037

12,468,954
12,601,247
12,736,144
13,421,435
13,343,519

2,184,802
2,260,587
2,324,013
2,417,220
2,564,737

4,560,087
4,597,586
4,700,802
5,070,764
5,575,727

10,049,401
10,219,966
10,313,070
10,727,564
10,285,582

9,037
9,037
9,367
2,014
6,627

35,231
35,245
36,918
38,313
40,320

1,553,942
1,489,754
1,421,233
1,391,910
1,371 ,384

13,513,556
13,909,931
1 4,064,119
14,159,898
1 4,473,477

2,554,169
2,566,928
2,618,942
2,727,603
g,837,670

6,295,935
6,905,504
6,933,589
7,309,146
7,719,139

9,722,980
9,525,536
9,706,190
9,532,869
9,551,752

6.940
,6,916
6,804
7,913
2,720

41,870
38,903
36,478
37,573
37,536

1,125,403
1,184,867
1,254,475
1,287,614
1,294,293

1,304,106
1,240,347
1,208,858
1,193,253,
1,242,728

1 4,499,228
1 4,626,655
1 4,774,949
1 4,805,273
1 4,425,909

2,906,674 8,151,426
3,113,902 8,793,667
3,509,785 9,069,342
3,657,694 10,720,451
3,856,227 11,077,398

9,215,893
8,911 ,428
9,176,789
7,702,724
7,163,136

3,546
3,154
3,721
4,139
4,292

35,037
32,308
34,882
35,653
37,310

28,183 16,324,024 13,823,449


27,513 12,907,300 10,415,627
26,711 9,924,518 7,471 ,314
26,397 8,871 ,037 6,433,361
26,444 8,469,649 6,070,063

1,272,159
1,199,661
1,209,535
1,278,464
1,310,937

1,228,416
1,292,012
1,243,669
1,159,212
1,088,649

12,447,858 3,876,166
9,235,853 3,671 ,447
6,814,345 ,3,110,173
5,855,821 3,015,216
5,475,695 2,993,954

9,924,694
6,665,376
3,599,213
2,440,776
2,185,008

6,357,706
6,201,426
6,282,474
6,392,583
6,244,550

3,901
4,350
4,493
5,623
6,707

37,723
36,148
38,338
32,055
33,384

8,389,429
7,928,688
7,886,518
7,714,183
7,638,790

5,943,810
5,427,526
5,333,24.7
5,179,858
5,074,069

1,384,474
1,432,540
1,507,630
1,538,847
1,597,823

1,061,145
1,068,622
1.045,641
995,478
966,898

5 ,304,720
4 ,732,927
4 ,608,397
4 ,432,550,
4 ,299,219

3,084,709
3,195,761
3,278,121
3,281,633
3,339,571

1,862,714
1,066,288
1,019,165
923,225
863,495

6,486,384
6,818,363
6,816,980
6,737,046
6,720,313

8,829
9,864
8,611
8,876
9,176

31,502
34,173
41,762
45,036
45,806

25,740
25,668
25,425
24,911
25,006

7,508,082
7,388,755
7,365,445
6,938,794
6,674,969

4,900,361
4,749,224
4,711,174
4,279,368
3,975,287

1,655,473
1,711 ,076
1,761,070
1,814,444
1,898,634

952,248
928,455
893,201
844,982
801,048

4 ,117,487
3 ,924,647
3 ,860,018
3 ,437,602
3 ,114,761

3,390,595
3,464,108
3,505,427
3,501,192
3,560,208

782,517
878,523
930,413
861,466
928,466

6,668,966
6,451,042
6,371 ,862
6,010,601
5,674,044

9,308
8,982
9,655
9,680
11,020

47,291
50,208
53,515
57,047
61,439

19 05 ________ --- - ---19 04 _______ - -- - - ---19 03 _________ - ---- -19 02 ________ - - -- -- -19 01 ______ - - -- -- ----

24,681
24,558
24,425
24,273
24,057

6,456,543
6,291,535
6,087,345
5,797,902
5,524,218

3,741,494
3,595,418
3,408,088
3,176,874
2,920,953

1,961,584
1,944,956
1,965,924
1,941,878
1,933,357

753,465
751,161
713,333
679,150
669,908

2 ,849,754
2 ,668,579
2 ,440,247
2 ,179,879
1 ,901,017

3,606,789
3,622,956
3,647,098
3,618,023
3,623,201

943,750
888,628
879,264
873,235
879,595

5,441,688
5,335,164
5,141,037
4,858,714
4,582,645

10,763
10,140
9,512
9,320
9,534

60,342
57,603
57,532
56,633
52,444

190
189 9 ________ - - -- ------- -- -189 87 ________
________________
189
189 6 ________ - - ------

----------------

23,333
22,728
22,705
22,633
22,908

5,164,839
4,864,238
4,749,738
4,769,020
4,703,880

2,657,797
2,476,011
2,371 ,923
2,358,558
2,307,208

1,884,842
1,825,318
1,835,827
1,904,153
1,928,260

622,200
562,909
541,988
506,309
468,412

1 ,592,831
1 ,375,642
1 ,223,800
1 ,207,221
1 ,089,966

3,572,008
3,488,596
3,525,938
3,561,799
3,613,914

816,795
837,229
726,213
792,870
829,833

4,286,.516
3,965,313
3,959,702
3,896,826
3,790,296

9,899
11,017
11,496
12,714
15,121

51,629
50,679
52,327
66,610
68,630

189 5 ________ - --- ---189 4 ________ -- - -- --189 3 ______ - -- - - - - - -189 2 _________ - - - ---189 1 _______ - __ - -- - --

23,240
23,586
24,512
24,383
23,899

4,635,960
4,684,029
4,825,071
4,764,921
4,684,759

2,212,801
2,189,429
2,183,272
2,074,417
2,016,264

1,965,476
2,022,899
2,118,197
2,178,475
2,171,737

457,683
471,700
523,602
512,029
496,758

969,956
929,744
895,536
786,409
741,598

3,666,004
3,754,284
3,929,535
3,978,512
3,943,160

822,347
899,698
883,199
977 ,624
988,719

3,728,714
3,696,276
3,854,693
3,700,773
3,609,876

15,839
16,482
16,604
17,052
17,231

69,060
71,573
70,575
69,472
68,933

0 _____ - __________
189 9 ________________
188 8 ________________
188 7 ________________
188 6 ________________
188

23,467
23,623
23,281
23,063
23,534

4,424,497
4,307,475
4,191,915
4,105,844
4,131,136

1,859,088
1,765,551
1,648 ;069
1,542,717
1,522,984

2,109,413
2,099,178
2,124,350
2,170,157
2,210,203

455,995
442,746
419,496
392,970
397,949

626,850
554,487
494,007
475,088
443,954

3,797,647
3,752,988
3,697,908
3,630,756
3,687,180

928,062
999,619
919,302
989,412
1,088,041

3,409,435
3,211 ,416
3,1'.72,120
3,010,735
2,939,252

188 5 _______ - __ - -- --_________ - - - - --188 43 ________________


188
1882 ---------------1881 ----------------

23,963
24,082
24,217
24,368
24,065

4,265,933
4,271 ,228
4,235,487
4,165,933
4,057,734

1,494,917
1,465,908
1,413,194
1,355,826
1,264 ,998

2,373,884
2,414,009
2,386,557
2,361,251
2,350,393

397,132
391,311
435,736
448,856
442,343

430,301
386,618

3,835,632
3,884,611

1,262,814
1,276,972
1,269,681
1,259,492
1,297,035

24,712
25,211
25,264
25,386
25,934

4,068,034
4,169,600
4,212,764
4,242,599
4,279,457

1,211 ,558
1,176,172
1,167,678
1,171 ,196
1,172,372

2,366,258
2,422,813
2,521,319
2,580,389
2,608,691

490,218
570,615
523,767
491,014
498,394

1,314,402

1880 ---------------1879 ---------------1878 ---------------1877 ---------------1876 ----------------

32,285
32,486
32,672
31,114
29,651

4,853,732
4,800,652
4,696,026
4,437,746
4,282,607

1,168,668
1,185,610
1,156,443
1,111 ,552
1,087,637

2,584,910
2,473,716
2,383,801
2,325,375
2,286,156

28,998 4,246,507
1870 ---------------27,487 4,144,640
1869 ---------------28,167 4,351,758
1868 ---------------4,304,487
1867 ---------------- -- --------- 4,310,778
--------1866 ---------------. See next page for footnotes.

1,075,095
1,103,568
1,199,415
1,191,880
1,083,512

2,363,086
2,399,971
2,508,516
3,112,607
3,227,266

--

--

1875 - - - - - -- -- --1874 ---------------i873 _... _... -----------1872 ---------------1871 ----------------

--

Tons

Tons
30,898,457
23,836,988
14,64'6,883
11 ,641,386
11 ,392 ,529

1,914,824 26,042,884 6,765,631


1,958,509 18,685,136 7,105,412
2,114,863 9,284,870 7,470,584
2,218,254 4,108,775 9,743,521
2,329,085 3,059,237 10,653,610

1,425
1,425
1,538
1,538
1,702

3,341
3,524
4,762
5,806
7,065
8,138

11 ,299

16,034
24,522
27,892

24,482
26,151
23,138

68,367
74,464
76,012 ,
79,547
80,705

2,895,371
2,884,068
2,838,354
2,795,776
2,646,011

25,184
27,249
32,414
32,802
38,551

82,565
82,940
95,038
77,863
76,137

1,451,506
- ---------- 1,589,348

2,637,686
2,598,182
2,497,170
2,540,322
2,598,835

38,408
40,028
39,700
40,593
39,116

77,538
79,885
86,547
91,085
87,802

1,100,154
1,141,326
1,155,782
1,000,819
908,814

1,515,598
- -- ------- ------------- ------- - ---------- 1,389,815
1,378,533
--- ------- - ------------ --'i---- - ---------- 1,359,040
1,363,652

3,219,698
3,293,439
3,163,220
2,929,552
2,764,600

38,229
39,108
44,755
51,608
61,490

80,207
78,290
109,519
97,547
92,865

808,326
641,101
643,828

-- --------- 1,448,846
1,496,220

2,638,247
2,515,515
2,702,140
2,660,390
2,719,621

67,954
70,202
78,486
52,384
105,170

91,460
62,704
83,886
76,065
98,231

--- -------- - ----------

--- -------- - ------------ -------- - ------------ -------- - ------------ ---------- ---------- ---------- --------

---- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------------- ---- ----------------- ---- -------

- ---------- 1,570,600
- ---------- 1,553,705
-----------

- ----------- ---------

-- ---------- ---------- ---------

1,487,246
1,515,648
1,387,756

-18,633
~-{31,976

207

TRANSPORTATION

Data: K 94-104

Series K 94-104.-DOCUMENTED MERCHANT VESSELS-COMPOSITION OF THE MERCHANT


MARINE: 1789 TO 1945-:-Con.
Gross tonnage of documented vessels of 5 net tons or more.

,Total,
documented
YEAR I
vessels,
gross tons

MAJOR CLASS

Steam
and
motor

Tons

TYPE OF TRADE IN WHICH ENGAGED

Cod and
mackWhale
fisheries
erel
fisheries

Foreign
trade

Coastwise and
internal

97

101

102

103

Tons'

Tons

Tons

Tons

Sailing

--- --95
96
--- ---

Figures in boldface represent changes from those shown in source; see table 2 in text for series K 94-1311

Total,
documented
YEAR 1
vessels,
gross tons

TYPE OF TRADE IN WHICH ENGAGED

MAJOR CLASS

Steam
8Ild
motor

Sailing

96

97

Tons

Tons

Cod and
CoastForeign wise
mackand Whale
trade
erel
internal fisheries
fisheries

------ - - 104 '


102
103
101
- - - - - --.-- - - -

---

104-

Tons

95

Tons

Tons

Tons

Tom

112,677
159,241
168,309
204,197
192,641

1825 ____
1824 ____
1823 ____
1822 ____
182L ___

1,423,111 23,061 1,400,050


1,389,163 21,610 1,367,553
1,336,566 24,879 1,311,687
1,324,699 22,618 1,304,081
1,298,958 23,074 1,275,884

665,409
636,807
600,003
582,701
593,825

640,861
641,563
617,805
624,189
614,845

35,379
33,346
40,503
48,583
27,995

81,462
77,447
78,255
69,226
62,293

166,841
185,728
198,594
195,842
189,461

162,764
156,707
148,846
140,196
132,339

1820 ____
1819 ____
1818 ____
1817 ____
1816.:. ___

1,280,167 22,127 1,258,040 583,651


1,260,752 17,487 1,243,265 581,230
1,225,185 12,524 1,212,661 589,9541,399,912
8,926 1,390,986 804,851
1,372,219
6,458 1,365,761 800,760

588,025
571 ,058
549,374
525,030
522,165

36,445
32,386
16,750
5,224
1,168

72,040
76,078
69,107
64,807
48,126

186,848
181,901
193,203
193,798
181,644

133,540
146,969
169,078
183,119
146,156

1815 ____
1814 ____
1813 ____
1812 ____
181L ___

1,368,128
1,159,209
1,166,628
1,269,997
1,232,502

3,297
2,917
2,545
1,532
1,414

1,364,831
1,156,292
1,164,083
1,268,465
1,231,088

854,295
674,633
672,700
758,636
763,607

475,666
466,159
471,109
477,972
420,362

1,230
562
2,940
2,930
5,299

36,937
17,855
19,877
30,469
43,234

1,797,825 146,017
1,770,376 180,186
1,659,317 192,613
1,488,601 193,859
1,315,577 187,420

151,918
124,698,
133,405
109,132
115,781

1810 ____
1809 ____
.1808 ____
1807 ____
1806 ____

1,424,783
1,350,282
1,242,595
1,268,548
1,208,737

640
640
182
78

1,424,143
1,349,642
1,242,413
1,268,470
1,208,737

981,019
906,855
765,252
840,163
798,507

405,347
405,163
420,819
349,028
340,540

3,689
3,777
4,526
9,051
10,507

34,828
34,487
51,998
70,306
59,183

-----,-- 1,140,367 744,224 332,663

6,015
12,339
12,390
3,201
3,085

67,465
52,014
51,812
41,522
39,:182

3,466
5,647
763
1,104
2,364

29,427
29,979
42,746
40,628
84,962

184,398
3,163
4,129,
162,578
122,071 ------_ ..
120,957 -------106,494 --------

30,933
23,048
80,959
32,062
32,542

1865 ___ _
1864- ___
1863 ____
1862 ____
18,6L ___

5,096,782 1,067,13 94,029,643 1,518,35 3,381,522 84,233


4,986,400
977,9604.008.440 1,486,74 93,245,265 95,145
5,155,056
575,51 94,579,537 1,926,88 62,960,633 99,228
5,112,164
710,463 4,401,701 2,173,537 2,616,716 117,714
5,539,813
877,204 4,662,609 2,496,894 2,704,544 145,734

1860 ____
1859 ____
1858 ____
1857 ____
1856 ____

5,353,868
5,145,038
5,049,808
4,940,843
4,871,653

867,937 4,485,931
4,376,285
729,390 4,320,418
705,784 4,235,059
673,077 4,198,576

2,379,396
2,321,674
2,301,148
2,268,196
2,302,190

2,644,867
2,480,929
2,401,220
2,336,609
2,247,663

1855 ____
1854 ____
1853 ____
1852 ____
185L ___

5,212,001
4,802,902
4,407,010
4,138,440
3,772,439

770,286 4,441,716
676,607 4,126,295
604,618 3,802,392
643,240 3,495,200
583,607 3,188,832

2,348,358
2,151,918
1,910,471
1,705,650
1,544,663

2,543,255
2,322,114
2,134,258
2,055,873
1,899,976

1850 ____
1849 ____
1848 ____
1847 _____
1846 ____

3,535,454
3,384,016
2,839,046
2,562,085

525,947 3,009,507
462,395 2,871 ,621
427,891 2,726,151
404,841 2,434,205
347,893 2,214,192

1,439,694
1,258,756
1,168,707
1,047,454
943,307

1845 ____
1844-- ___
1843 1 -1842 ____
184L ___

2,417,002
2,280,096
2,158,603
2,092,391
2,130,744

326,019
272,180
236,867
229,751
175,088

2,090,983
2,007,916
1,921,736
1,862,640
1,955,656

904,476 1,223,218
900,471 1,109,615
856,930 1,076,156
823,746 1,045,753
788,398 1,107,068

--------

1,042,404
949,172
892,106
947,576

1840 ____
1839 ____
1838 ____
1837 ____
183EL __

2,180,764
2,096,479
1,995,640
1,896,686
1,882,102

202,339
195,028
193,423
154,765
145,556

1,978,425
1,901,451
1;802,217
1,741,921
1,736,546

762,838 1,176,694 136,927 104,305


702,400 1,153,552 132,285 108,242
702,962 1,041,105 124,860 126,713
683,205 956,981 129,137 127,363
753,094 873,023 146,254 109,731

1800 ____
1799 ____
1798 ____
1797 ____
1796 ____

972,492 -------939,408 -------898,328 -------876 ;912 -------831,900 --------

972,492
939,408
898,328'
876,912
831,900

667,107
657,142
603,376
597,777
576,733

272,492
246,640
251,443
237,403
217,841

1835 1 :..1834 ____


1833 ____
1832 ____
183L ___

1,824,941
1,758,907
1,606,151
1,439,450
1,267,846

122,814 1,702,127
122,814 1,636,093
101,851 1,504,300
90,814 1,348,636
69,445 1,198,401

788,173
749,378
648,869
614,121
538,136

797,338
783,619
744,199
649,627
539,724

141,781
117,486
111,447
102,456
107,189

1795 ____
1794 ____
1793 ____
1792 "___
1791 5 ___

747,965 -------628,618 -------520,764 -------564,457 -------502,146 --------

747,965
628,618
520,764
564,457
502,146

529,471
438,863
361,734
411,438
363,110

1830 ____
1829 ____
1828 ____
1827 ____ '
1826 ____

1,191,776
1,260,798
1,741,392
1 ,620,607
1 ,534,191

64,472 1,127,304
54,0371 ,206,761
39,4181 ,701,974
40,1981 ,580,409
34,059 1 ,500,132

537,563
592,859
757,998
701,517
696,221

516,979
508,858
842,906
789,159
722,330

97,529
39,705
57,284 101,797
85,687
54,801
45,992 83,939
41,984 73,656

1790 "___
1789 5 ___

478,377 _ ------201,562 _-------

478,377 346,254 103,775 -------- 28,348


9,062
201,562 123,893 68,607 --------

3~154,042

768,7~3

190,903 98,405
168,614 101,396
152,517 73,000
151,990 70,902
15'7,405 77,873

97,649
108,424
101,636
73,246
82,797

I Data as of Dec. 31 for 1789 through 1834; as of Sept. 30 for 1835 through 1842;
as of June 80 for 1848 through 1940; as of Jan, 1, 1941 through 1945.
% Includes eanal boats and barges prior to 1868.

208

1805 ____ 1,140,367


180;L ___ 1,042,404
1803 ____
949,172
1802 ____
892,106
180L ___
947,576

660,514 317,537
585,910 _ 299,060
557,760 289,623
630,558 274,551

I Includes iron, steel, composite, and concrete.


~ Data not available.
'
Duty tonnage. Figures for 1789 are for Ii months only, Aug. 1 to Dec. 31.

i::iU.1r r .1J."I \..r .&J..... JJ

VV.& ~ l!i L\o

~ L\o.l'1..1.' .1.' .1. \.:I

Series K I05-IIS.-DOCUMENTED. MERCHANT VESSELS-CHANGES IN THE MERCHANT


MARINE: 1813 TO 1944
[ GroBS tonnage of documented vessels of 5 net tons or more. Prior to 1877, tonnage figures are incomplete and table is out of balance in other respects; see text. Figures
in boldface represent changes from those in the source; see table 2 in text for series K 94-131]
.

incre~:et ( +)

VESSELS ADDED

VESSELS REMOVED

----.-I---'IN-at-i-on-a-l-------:-I-B-O-U-g-ht--";I-R-eb-u-il-t-.---or deTotal
Built 1
ized or
Redoeufrom
or
All
Total Lobt and
crease ( -) increase
renation- mented
United rea.dmeaother
decrease"
do!~d
alized
States
sured 3

YEAR I

1944(12-81)
1943 ______
1942 ______
194L_____
1940(12-81)

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

Tons
+7,017,784
+9,033,743
+2,902,114
+138,026
-296,574

Tons

Tons
8,032,009
10,431,734
4,543,946
647,097
446,894

Tons

Tons

Tons

Tons

Tons

(5)
(5)
(6)
(5)
(5)

(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(I)

(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)

(li)

(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)

(6)

(5)
(5),
(5)
(5)
(5)

Co)
(5)
(5)

114

113

Sold to
aliens
115

Tons
Tons
Tons
1,424,539 417,230 103,578
1,726,968 199,460 101,858
1,875,801167,536
69,847
1,063,533 127,381 332,856
1,697,032 274,410 1,114,260

tOI? tel
Sr~~:B

Rebuilt /.
or

readmea~

All

other

sured'

116

117

118

Tons
287,784
215,693
322,857
244,896

Tons

Tons
615,947
1,209,957
1,315,561
358,400
308,362

(6)

(5)

(5)
(5)

(.)
(")

1940(6-80) _
1939 _____ _
1938 _____ _
1931- ____ _
1936 _____ _

-613,803
(5)
-19,374
(5)
-24,763
(5)
+179,441 -C-.)--:-157,069 718,515

193,229
(Ii)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
1,071,133187,199
339,899
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
407,861228,822
237,374
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
478,088 163,063
471;364--(')-- --(,-)- -(-5)----(')-- --(-li)-- 897,436 232,632
224,084
3,283
63,685
5,956
419,798
1,709
875,584 279,815

789,897
(6)
100,198
(6)
188, 78!i
(6)
124,946 --3-7143,612
879

1935 _____ _
1934 _____ _
1933 _____ _
1932 _____ _
193L ____ _

-208,078
-198,323
-778,498
-69,601
-159,469

62,919
66,649
190,803
212,892
386,906

50,387
18,223
4,259
18,840
1,976

20,903
18,517
10,886
9,851
12,250

12,259
2,936
9,314
30,314
14,036

597,074
596,191
516,985
603,522
425,187

2,517
954,137 205,165
4,109
904,948174,454
16,108 1,526,853 875,971
4,604
949,624 181,613
8,457 1,008,281 489,142

122,671
70,795
12,689
14,072
40,822

2,132
3,408
15,022
18,125
8,970

1930______
1929______
1928______
1927 ______
1926______

-409,134 882,138 254,296


-206,202 688,065 128,976
-20,4,440 900,410 257,180
-423,646665,782245,144
-94,755 781,792 224,673

37,597
97,342
53,773
35,045
23,820

5,063
12,912
19,634
17,767
29,953

4,486
4,785
12,361
771
5,213

576,839
442,965
554,482
365,438
496,850

3,857 1,291,272 512,430


1,085
894,267 307,513
2,980 1,104,850372,126
1,617 1,089,428 555,458
1,283
876,547 266,038

170,912
121,808
115,028
138,392
71,798

205
113
1,233
860
1,539

1925______
-334,655 740,662 199,846
1924___ _ __
-544,177 1,100,759 223,968
1923______
-178,2331,392,395 335,791
1922______
+180,8311,788,270
661,232
192L _____ +1,958,111 4,408,2862,265,115

12,993
20,905
38,968
97,585
92,536

80,607
27,021
14,215
10,225
12,091

8,175
436,898
2,143 1,075,317
1,730 1,644,936
69,002
758,133
49,007
890,725 63,689 1,570,628
18,625
847,011 153,592 1,607,439
25,561 1,932,026 80,957 2,450,174

415,923
645,243
270,500
229,893
236,384

156,932
185,431
218,401
170,774
117,750

16,293
442,439 43,730
1,283
779,679 33,300
99,729
,942,358 39,640
155,641
884,957 166,174
11,048 2,034,861 50,131

1920 ______ +3,416,7226,556,8973,880,639 15,689


1919 ______ +2,982,7843,691,5603,326,621 19,608
1918 ____ ~_ +1,053,4821,948;0431,300,868 97,059
1917______
+401,3881,236,920 664,479 86,365
1916______
+80,220 904,618 325,413 83,480
1915 _____ _
+460,741
904,292 225,122 513,616
1914 _____ _
+42,170 404,187 316,250
514
1913 _____ _
+172,335 464,988 346,155
6,131
1912 _____ _
+75,393 358,368 232 ,669 26,002
191L ____ _
+130,708 390,258 291,162
3,400
1910 _____ _
420,485 342,068
+119,327
26
1909 _____ _
+23,310 307,073 238,090
1,128
1908 _____ _
+426,651 718,683
614,216
4,601
1907. ____ _
+263,825
596,708 471,332 14,524
1906 _____ ~
+218,426
534,358 418,745 15,597
1905 _____ _
+165,008 440,097 330,316 19,651
190L ____ _
8,001
+204,190 469,454 378,542
1903 _____ _
612,724 436,152 18,822
+289,443
1902 _____ _
590,428 468,831 13,720
+273,684
1901. ____ _
+359,3.79 619,779 483,489 55,416
1900 _____ _
533,388 393,790 34,475
+300,601
1899 _____ _
+114,500 455,946 300,038 63,913
1898 _____ _
-19,282 295,990 180,458 43,996
1897 _____ _
7,715
+65,140 383,488 232,233
1896 _____ _
+67,920 287,953 227,097 13,190

7,94,6
19,480
20,528
25,835
20,999

30,557 2,417,914 204,152 3,140,173 270,777


5,471
239,602 80,778
708,778 249,396
3,670
250,040 275,878
894 ,562 234,806
1,620
379,300 79,321
835,532 133,236
2 ,726
469 ,500
2,500
824,398 189 ,277

242,960
62,587
63,160
197,370
102,479

2,8412,485;628
47,568
233,417
101,121
246,170
4,637
376,063
24,433
470,697

746,059
706,625
748,355
880,023
848,812

585,256
441,872
566,762
370,839
517 ;500

22,469
22,961
49,701
23,879
19,672

137,967
115,810
249;306
124,226
37,512

1,417
1,585
809
1,985
814

151,969
67,423
97,644
83,559
79,894

3,232
3,079
2,918
2,448
3,297

443,551 198,380
362,017227,188
292,653 111,256
282,975 149,762
259,550 143,950

18,595
36,676
51,373
17,409
15,738

12,273
113
12,189
11,009
610

152,016
69,709
94,370
84,800
75,903

62,287
28,331
23,465
19,995
23,349

14,555
8,441
11 ,597
18,814
6,807

503
1,531
3,875
1,848
1,820

58,251
56,542
82,201
87,966
89,875

5,082
1,341
2,193
2,224
1,514

301,158
283,763
292,032
332,883
315,932

173,873
148,944
171,308
192,243
193,970

25,624
47,219
12,165
16,625
21,734

17,313
1,010
1,210
296
794

55,183
57,504
80,660
86,538
87,982

29,165
29,086
26,689
37,181
11,452

7,317
7,741
8,549
7,925
16,362

1,843
1,560
4,106
4,569
682

79,603
72,402
144,452
94,371
62,951

1,367
1,208
643
1,012
879

275,089
265,264
323,281
316,744
260,400

133,092
165,226
142,305
171,590
140,959

10,894
8,744
17,086
7,400
14,567

85
823
1,019
374
5,223

77,542
74,273
136,235
93,567
64,113

53,476
16,198
26,636
43,811
35,538

35,602

7,257
433
568
568
454

59,160

3,104
91,562
70,968
142,972
47,212

232,787
341,446
315,272
318,348
220,033

127,518
220,261
137,608
152,031
143,737

12,081
5,130
45,71342,345
22,609
8,801 _________ 89,775
35,411
66,756 _________ 75,497
8,243
158.074 '
21,796 -----220- ========= 54,280

592 ________ _
1,376 ________ _

52,843
70,721
80,039
24,511
32,445

226,889
347,092
257,614
147,678
164,902

150,287
200,852
157,099
114,462
119,416

13,993
20,578
15,394
15,328
9,409

336
588
946
660
119

62,273
125,074
84,175
17,228
35,958

49 __ __ __ _ __
53 _________
431 _________

43,350
15,197
36,642

4~g

234,559
140,105
182,566
184,343
236,386

165,507
126,765
135,889
148,952
178,173

13,322
9,871
11,115
22 ;121
33,063

1,670
350
178
135
300

54,060
3,109
35,384
13,135
24,850

~~~ _________
== == ===== ---15,382
:848-

166,666
193,986
198,220
180,064
297,835

112,638
149,538
127,411
128,501
130,814

26,213
28,721
37,384
18,257
28,671

1,074
266
368
478
500

26,741
15,461
33,057
32,828
137,850

26,882
43,312
43,606
24,724
33,252

274
91
201
814
941

_________ 135,706
_________ 55,633
_________
3,730
_________ 23,631
_________ 7843,119

25,541
77,053
29,763
19,572
s13,535

2,069
514
294
40
597

40,334
70,075

-48,068
-141,042
+60,149
+80,162
+260,262

178,821
206,050
317,763
227,840
425,164

111,602
131,195
211,639
199,633
369,302

=== ==
25,621 ====
_________
3,104 _________
22,041 _________

1890 _____ _
1889 _____ _
1888 _____ _
1887 __ __ _
1886 _____ _

+117,022
+115,559
+86,071
-25,291
-134,798

351,581
255,664
268,637
159,052
101,588

294,123
231,134
218,087
150,450
95,453

14,059
9,280
13,477
8,177
5,492

1885 _____ _
188L ____ _
1883 _____ _
1882 _____ _
188L ____ _

-5,295
+35,741
+69,554
+108,199
-10,300

161 ;371
229,727
267,774
288,263
287,535

159,056
225,514
265,430
282,270
280,459

2,235
2,926
2,099
3,539
1,372

1880 _____ _
1879 _____ _
1878 _____ _
1877 _____ _
1876 _____ _

-101,566
-43,164
-29,835
-36,858
-574,275

200,123
272,601
239,442
177,884
228,790

157,410
193,031
235,504
176,592
203,586

3,390
3,064
2,452
163
930

174 _________ 39,149


301,689 138,828
832 _________
75,674
315,765 216,729
1,325 _________
161
269,277221,740
1,129
214,742 165,573
1,540 ========= --22:734-1,02.9,572 152,260

+53,080 358,697
+104,626 444,060
+258,280 408,948
+155,140 213,807
+36,100 281,004
See next page for .footnotes.

297,639
432,725
359,246
209,052
273,227

2,827
4,773
3,437
4,029
4,697

711
3,542
1,082
259
2,716

1875 _____ _
1874 _____ _
1878 _____ _
1872 _____ _
1871 _____ _

602,360 21,809
637,330 18,961
568,407 54,764
616,566 119,248
426,633
42,714

8,936
15,336
11,331
11,705
11,691

1895 _____ _
1894 _____ _
1893 _____ _
1892 _____ _
189L ____ _

1: :~l~

94,037
78,841
126,236
522,045 17,776
420,487 30,791
(5)
(5)
(5)

---- -S88=== =
464 =====
________
_

========= -----57380 _______ _________ _


-1,287 _________________ _
322

57,520
3,020
45,183
467
364

203,310
267,508
150,668
131,270
137,313

135,366
119,866
120,611
111,658
123,181

209

TRANSPORTATION

Data: K 105-118

Series K l05-118.-DOCUMENTED MERCHANT VESSELS-CHANGES IN THE MERCHANT


MARINE: 1813 TO 1944-Con.
[ Gross tonnage of documented vessels of 5 net tons or more. Prior to 1877, tonnage figures are incomplete and table is out of balance in other respects; see text]

YEAR'

VESSELS REMOVED

VESSELS ADDED

Net increase (+)


or deCrease (-)

Total
increase

Built

105

106

Nationalized or
renationalized

Bought
from
United
States

All
other

Total
decrease 1

Lost and
abandoned

Sold to
aliens

107

108

110

112

113

114

115

Tons

Tons

Tons

Tons

Tons

4,820
8,037
5,127
8,814
15,052

3,063
8,588
6,163
25,489
78,404

1,933
1,421
2,154
2,556
29,236

186,703
148,992
123,073
. 53,048
65,958

168,781
129,028
108,564
42,999
39,069

28,125 ---------55,488 8 187,878


35,946 ---------61,309 8355,544
9,964
839,412

Sold to
United
States

All
other

116

118

Tons

Tons

Tons

17,079
19,063
13,757
9,088
22,117

843 ---------901 ---------752 .- - - - - - - - -961 ---------4,772 --------

Tons

Tons

286,769
293,276
298,748
340,387
458,838

276,953
275,230
285,304
303,528
336,146

+110,382
-168,656
+42,892
-427,649
+185,945

403,213
432,065
.327,002
180,783
234,754

383,809
415,740
310,884
175,075
233,194

2,838
2,299
1,219
1,109
2,755
289
1,062 ---------732 ----------

14,267
13,997
13,074
4,646
828

213,668
622,292
321,003
590,763
143,556

51,711
78,061
62,858
56,154
67,532

133,832
300,865
222,199
117,756
26,649

1860 ___________________________ +208,830


1859 ___________________________ +95,230
1858 ___________________________ +108,965
1857 ___________________________ +69,190
1856 ___________________________ -340,348
1855 _________________ .__________ +409,099
1854 ________ .___________________ +395,892
1853 ___________________________ +268,570
1852 _________________________
+366,001
1851 _______ .____________________ +236,985
1850 ___________________________ +201,438
1849 ___________________________ +179,974
1848 ___________________________ +314,996
1847 ___________________________ +276,961
1846 ___________________________ +145,083

215.,484
163,225
242,882
380,963
470,769

214,798
157,602
242,286
378,804
469,393

551
135 ---------5,623 ---------- ---------422
174 ---------2,159 ---------- ---------1,376 ---------- ----------

98,094
98,653
163,696
310,901
810,703

80,641
66,440
79,498
93,738
86,438

17,418
30,850
26,305
52,649
42,168

586,102
538,173
428,255
352,214
299,875

583,450
535,616
425,572
351,493
298,203

2,035
617 ---------2,557 ---------- ---------136 ---------2,547
721 ---------- ---------481
1,191 ----------

177,589
132,618
65,313
62,467
52,925

69,051
72,585
55,278
44,546
37,678

65,887
53
842,598
60,033 ---------- ---------10,035 ---------- ------- --17,921 ---------- ---------15,247 --------- .. ------- ---

273,771
267,557
320,010
244,343
188,458

272,218
256,577
318,075
243,732
188,203

409
997
1,650
285
255

1,144 ---------9,983 ---------255


80
243
83
---------- ----------

54,969
53,479
62,042
69,523
49,224

41,501
40,858
48,821
43,378
38,292

13,468 ---------12,621 ----_ .. ---12,456


765
16,969
9,176
10,932 ----------

Tons

1870 ___________________________ +101,867


1869 ___________________________ -207,118
1868 ___________________________ +47,271
1867 ___________________________
-6,291
1866 ___________________________ -786,004
1865 (June 30) __________________
1864 _________ ________________ ~
1863 ___________________________
1862 ___________________________
1861 ___________________________
~

~_

--

35
1,363
762
147
962

-------_ .... ---------857,131


8 164,367
8681,135

------- --------- --------- --- ... ----- ------------

1845 ___________________________ +136,906


1844 ___________________________ +121,493
1843 (June 30-9 mo.) ___________ +66,212
1842 (Sept. 30) __________________ -38,353
1841 ___________________________ -50,020
1840 ___________________________ +84,285
1839 ___________________________ +100,839
1838 ___________________________ +98,954
1837 ___________________________ +14,584
1836 ___________________________ +57,161

146,444
104,151
63,748
129,381
119,051

146,018 ---------103,537 ---------63,617 ---------129,083


196
118,893
70

426 ---------614 ---------131 ---------102 ---------88 ----------

37,188
33,549
2q ,003
47,665
38,073

28,819
26,249
29,986
39,895
25,360

8,369 ---------- ---------7,227


73 ---------8,818
199 ---------7,770 . ---------- ---------12,713 ---------- ----------

118,609
121,242
113,252
122,987
113,713

260 ---------40
118,309
213 ---------120,989
40
113,135 ---------117 ---------122,987 ---------- ---------- ---------86 ---------113,627 ----------

55,427
35,059
32,481
43,227
35,455

41,473
29,209
27,095
33,311
24,946

13,837
117 ---------5,769
81 ---------5,386 ---------- ---------9,916 ---------- ---------10,509 ---------- ----------

1835 (Sept. 30-9 mo.L __________


1834 (Dec. 31) __________________
1833 ________ __________________
1832 ___________________________
1831 ___________________________

+66,034
+152,756
+166,701
+171,604
+76,070

46,238
118,610
161,896
144,749
85,909

46,238 ---------- ---------- ---------118,330


280 ---------- ---------270 ---------161 ;626 ---------210 ---------144,539 ---------94 ---------85,762
53

7,617
21,679
23,563
37,662
42,417

17,044
20,631
31,472
32,667

7,617 ---------- ---------4,725 ---------- ---------2,932 ---------- ---------6,085


107 ---------9,750 ---------- ----------

1830 ___________________________ -69,023


1829 ___________________________ -480,594
1828 ___________________________ +120,784
1827 ___________________________ +86,417
1826 ___________________________ +111,080
1825 ___________________________ +33,947
1824 ___________________________ +52,597
1823 ___________________________ +11 ,866
1822 ___________________________ +25,741
1821 ___________________________ +18,791
1820 ___________________________ +19,415
1819 ___________________________ +35,567
1818 ___________________________ -174,727
1817 ___________________________ +27,693
1816 ___________________________
+4,091
1815 ___________________________ +208,919
1814 ___________________________
-7,419
1813 ___________________________ -103,369

58,219
77,177
93,702
104,638
127,181

58,094
77,098
93,375
104,342
126,438

---------------------------237
----------

39,428
43,397
50,550
52,049
48,776

29,294
29,146
35,872
43,006
33,017

10,059
75 ---------4,093
158 --- --- --->14,678 ---------- ---------19,043 ---------- ---------13,994
1,765 ----------

115,373
91,442
75,147
75,550
56,263

114,997 ---------90,939
183
75,007 ---------75,346 ---------55,856 ----------

376 ---------109
211
74
66
137
67
162
245

67,997
49,251
47,516
39,048
52,940

58,048
36,116
38,060
33,338
44,590

9,949 ---------- ---------12,818


317 ---------9,269
187 ---------5,710 ---------- ---------8,350 ---------- ----------

48,699
81,819
84,233
87,584
137,044

47,784
79,817
82,421
86,393
131,668

834
1,273
1,616
802
3,689

44,570
48,558
69,692
46,945
55,766

37,490
37,193
42,118
29,084
29,293

6,063
11 ,365
15,107
14,228
23,380

202,744
38,568
33,973

3,887
154,624 ---------29,751 ---------- ---------32,583 ---------- ----------

44,233
8,817
1,390

61,162
38,652
135,477

20,806
7,313
48,228

9,582 ---------15,193 ---------56,954 ----------

81
729
196
389
1,687

----------------------------------------------

1 Figures are for 12 months ending Dec. 31 for 1813 through 1834, ending Sept.
30 for 1835 through 1842, ending June 30 for 1843 through 1940 (June 30), ending
Dec. 31 for 1940 (Dec. 31) through 1944, except for years where terminal dates
change as follows: For 1835 and 1843, figures are for 9 months; for the two 1940
dates, figures in series K 105 for 1940 (Dec. 31) are for 6 months only, but figures.
for series K 107 and K 113-118 are for 12 months and overlap the 1940 (June 30)
figures for those series.
2 Does not agree with series K 120 for 1867, 1865, 1863, 1859, 1858, and 18151839, see text.
S Included in "all other" (series K 112 and K 118) prior to 1900.
4 Beginning in 1938, figures represent tonnage of vessels removed from documentation, not total decrease, since figures for series K 117 are not available.

210

125
79
48
59
743

------------------279
-------------------

(9)

1,017
------------------- --- ------12,467
3,633
---------3,093
----------

----------

30,774
16,146
30,295

Not available.
Included in 'fall other" (series K 118).
7 Exemption of canal boats. However, see text, general note for series K 94-131.
8 Annual Report of the Comm ss:oner of Nav;gato"on, 1910, p. 225, states that:
these figures (except that for 1862) represent "corrections made by striking from
the balance of outstanding tonnage such vessels as have been sold to foreigners,'
lost, and condemned in previous years, not heretofore reported to this office by'
the collectors." The 1862 figure is stated as the result of "no returns of tonnage
being received from the rebel districts." This agrees with "the balance sheets of
tonnage" in the annual reports for the specific years.
9 Included in figure for 1836.
5

lJata:

SHIPPING AND WATER TRAFFIC

lUI-lZ3

Series K 119-12ij.-SHIPBUILDING-MERCHANT VESSELS BUILT IN UNITED STATES AND


DOCUMENTED: 1797 TO 1944
Gross tonnage of documented vessels of 5 net tons or more.

I-N-U-~-~-LeL-r-V-:-E_SS-E-:-ro-s-s-1 St:::rnd I
YEAR J

vessels
119

1944 (Dec. 31) -1943 __________ _


1942 __________ _
1941- _________ _
1940 (Dec. 31) __

tons

Figures in boldface represent changes from those shown in source; see table 2 in text for series K 94-131 J
ALL VESSELS

Sailing

Canal
1 boats and
barges

YEAR 1

120

121

Tons
1,723 8,032,0098,009,277
1,901 10,431,734 10,339,670
1,1084,543,9464,504,398
703
647,097
586 ,443
705
446,894
385,681

123

122

Tons
22,603
92,041
39,534
60,654
61,126
20,779
70,689
(4)
357,632
164,985

Tons
129
23
14
87

17
1940 (June 30)-319
193,229
172,433
22
1939___________
673
339,899
269,188
1938 ___________ I_ _~7:..::5.::.3_1--=23,:,.7:....:,_=_3,:...74=-1---(~4):....--I-~(4..:..)--i
71
1937___________
1,939
471,364
113,661
79
1936___________
1,207
224,084
59 ;020

1,,789
2,388
1,816
864
1,146

394,523
415,740
311 ,045
175,076
233,194

146,433
147,499
94,233
55,449
60,986

248,090
268,241
216,812
119,627
172,208

1860 __________ _
1859 ______ - - --1858 ___ - _- - - - -1857 ___ -_ - -- --1856_ - - -- --- --1855 _____ - ____ _
1854 __________ _
1853_________ -- ,
1852 __________ _
1851- _________ _

1,071
875
1,241
1,443
1,703

214,798
156,602
244,712
378,804
469,393

69,370
35,305
65,374
74,459
74,865

145,428
121,297
179,338
304,345
394,528

2,024
1,774
1,710
1,444
1,357

583,450
535,616
425"".1\72
351,493
298,203

78,127
91,037
109,402
98,624
78,197

505,323
444,,579
,316,170
252,869
220,006

1850 __________ _
1849 __________ _
1848 __________ _
1847 __________ _
1846 __________ _

1,360
1.547
1,851
1,598
1,420

272,218
256,577
318,075
243,732
188,203

56,911
61,241
66,652
53,979
51,778

215,307
195,336
251,423
189,753
136,425

1845 __________ _
1844 ______ - ---1843 (June 304

1,038
766

146,018
103,537

40,926
30,976

105,092
72,561

1842 (Sept. 30) __


184L _________ _

9 mo.)-------

482
1,021
761

63,617
129,083
118,893

17,624
29,158
27,941

45,992
'99,925
90,950

871
899
913
972
911

118,309
125,260
115,905
125,913
116,230

19,811
34,219
23,607
33,811
26,630

98,498
91,041
92,298
92,102
89,600

725
957
1,187
1,065
712

75,107
118,389
161,492
144,544
85,556

12,347
13,905
12,620
17,386
11 ,437

62,760
104,484
148,872
127,158
74,119

648
796
886
951
1,033

58,560
79,408
98,964
106,456
130,373

8,269
10,281
5,881
11 ,010
12,818

50,291
69,127
93,083
95,446
117,555

1825 _________ -'_


1824- ________ -_
1823 __________ _
1822 ________ --1821- _________ _

1,000
793
630
639
519

116,464
92,798
75,857
77,569
57,275

9,171
5,216
3,766
1,861
3,017

107,293
87,582
72,091
75,708
54,258

1820 __________ _
1819 __________ _
1818 __________ _
1817 __________ _
1816 _________ -_

557
876
923
1,087
1,431

51,394
86,670
87,346
87,626
135,186

5,572
5,824
3,695
2,543
2,926

45,822
80,846
83,651
85,083
132,260

1815~__________
1,329
1814_ __ _ ___ ___ _
490
371
1813___________
1812 ___________ ----------1811 _______ -' ___ -----------

155,579
29,751
32,583
85,148
146,691

546
593
1,140
118
1,145

155,033
29,158
31,443
85,030
145,546

1810 ___________
1809 _____ -_ ---1808 ___________
1807 __ '_________
1806 ___________

--------------- - -- ~--------------------------------

127,575
91,397
31,755
99,783
126,093

458
182
78

127,575
90,939
31,673
99,705
126,093

1805 ___________ ----------1804 ___________ ----------1803 ___________ ----------1802_ ____ ___ __ _


(4)
1801 ___________ -----------

128,507
103,753
88,448
124,755

124,755

1800___________
995'
1799___________
767
1798___________
635
1797 ___________ -----------

106,261
77,921
49,435
56,679

106,261
77,921
49,435
, 56,679

32,528
39,700
22,269
48,254
173,858

1930 _______,_ _ __
1929 _________ -1928 _________ -1927_ _____ ____ _
1926___________

1 J 020
808
9,69
9.17
924

254,296
128,976
257,180
245,144
224,673

172,969
75,725
172,-90,L
181,504
140,586

210
797
230,
326
263

1925___________
1924_ __________
1923___________
1922___________
1921-__________

967
1,049
770
845
1,361

199,846
223,968
335,791
661,232
2,265,115

141,053
145,493
241,802
597,137
2,071,221

2,869
914
17,442
25,459
91,743

81,117
52,454
84;049'
63,314
83,824
55,924
77,561
76,547
38,636
102,151

1920___________
1919 ____ ~ ______
1918___________
1917 _______ ..:___
1916___________

2,067 3,880,639 3,660,023


1,9533,326,6213,157,091
1,528 1,300,868 1,090,996
1,297
664,479
513,243
937
325,413
250,125

132,184
79,234
83,629
43,185
14,765

88,432
90,296
126,243
108,051
60,523

1915___________
1914___________
1913___________
1912___________
1911-__________

1,157
1,151
1,475
1,505
1,422

225,122
316,250
346,155
232,669
291,162

154,990
224,225
243,408
153,493
227,231

8,021
. 13,749
28,610
21,221
10,092

62,111
78,276
74,137
57,955
53,839

1840___________
1839___________
1838___________
1837 ----------1836___________

1910___________
1909___________
1908___________
1901-__________
1906___________

1,361
1,247
1,457
1,157
1,221

342,068
238,090
614,216
471,332
418,745

257,993
148,208
481,624
365,405
315,707

19,358
28,950
31,981
24,907
35,209

64,717
60,932
100,611
81,020
67,829

1835 (Sept. 309 mo.) ______ _


1834 (Dec. 31) -1833 __________ _
1832 __________ _

1905 ___________
1904___________
1903___________
1902___________
1901-__________

1,012
1,184
1,311
1,491
1,580

330,316
378,542
436,152
468,831
483,489

197,702
255,744
271,781
308,178
273,591

79,418
64,908
89,979
97,698
126,165

53,196
57,890
74,392
62,955
83,733

1900 _____ -----1899___________


1898___________
1891-__________
1896___________

1,,447
1,273
952
891
723

393,790
300,038
180,458
232,233
227,097

202,528
151,058
105,838
106,154
138,029

116,460
98,073
34,416
64,308
65,236

74,802
~g:~g~
61,771
23,832

.1831----------1830 __________ _
1829 __________ _
1828 __________ _
1827 __________ _
1826 __ :.. _______ _

1895___________
1894-__________
1893___________
1892___________
1891----,-------

694
838
956
1,395
1,384

131,195
211,639
199,633
369,302

69,754
83,720
134,368
92,531
185,037

34,900
37,827
49,348
83,217
144,290

6,948
9,648
27,923
23,885
39,975

1890___________
1889___________
1888___________
1881-__________
1886___________

1,051
1,077
1,014
844
715

294,123
231,134
218,087
150,450
95,453

159,046
159,318
142,007
100,074
44,468

102,873
50,570
48,590
34,633
41,238

32,204
21,246
27,490
15,743
9,747

1885___________

920

159,056

84,333

9,361
13,565
21,155
41,629
81,180
19,499
39,803
47,578
22,747
15,663

1881-__________

1,108

280,459

118,070

1880___________
1879___________
1878___________
1877 ___________
1876___________

902
1,132
1,258
1,029
1,112

157,410
193,031
235,504
176,592
203,586

78,854
86,361
81,860
47,514
69,251

59,057
66,867
106,066
106,331
118,672

1875___________
1874___________
1873___________
1872___________
1871--_________

1,301
2,147
2,261
1,643
1,755

297,639
432,725
359,246
209,052
273,227

62,460
101,930
88,011
62,210
87,842

206,884
216,316
144,629
76,291
97,179

~~~ :~6
282,270

1~~ :~~~
121,843

28,295
114,479
126,606
70,551
88,206

1 Figures are for 12 months ending Dec. 31 for 1813 through 1834, ending Sept.
30 for 1835 through 1842, ending June 30 for 1843 through 1940 (June 30), ending
Dec. 31 for 1940 (Dec. 31) through 1944, except for years where terminal dates
change as follows: For 1835 and 1843, figures are for 9 months; for both 1940 dates,
figures are for 12 months, hence figures for 1940 (Dec. 31) overlap the 1940 (June
30) figures.

Tons
146,340
149,029
142,742
233,584
210,963

1865 __________ _
1864 __________ _
1863 __________ _
1862 __________ _
186L- ______ ~ __

50
33
46
18
52

i:~g
1,371

122

121

276,953
275,230
285,304
305,594
336,146

30,341
26,916
168,488
164,620
212,996

~g~~==========~
1882___________

120

Sailing!

1,618
1,726
1,802
1,518
1,898

62,919
66,649
190,803
212,892
386,906

65,362
120,621
137,046
118,798
81,209

119

motor

1870
(June 30) __
1869 __________
_
1868 __________ _
1867 __________ _
1866 ________ ---

748
724
642
722
1,302

~1,602

Gross
tons 2

Tons
70,621
65,066
63,940
72,010
125,183

1935___________
1934___________
1933___________
1932_---------1931-__________

Steam and

Number
of
vessels

(4)

Canal
boats and
barges

123

Tons
59,992
61,135
78,622

128,507
103,753
88,448
(4)

2 Does not agree with series K 107 for 1867, 1865; 1863, 1859, 1858, and 18151839, see text.
S Includes canal boats and barges prior to 1868.
4 No record found for 1802.

211

TRANSPORTATION

Data: K 124-126

Series K

124-126.~DOCU!'t1ENTED

!-IIERCHA:t'.JT VESSELS-CO!-.1POSITION" OF !..1ERCHA:t-.JT FLEET

BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION: 1816 TO 1945


[ Gross tonnage of documented vessels of 5 net tons or more.

YEAR

Figures in boldface represent changes from those shown in source; see table 2 in text for series K 94-131 J

SEABOARD

Total
seaboard

New
England
coast

MidAtlantic
and
Gulf coasts

124

124a

124b

SEABOARD

Pacific
coast
124c

Western
rivers

Northern
lakes

Total
seaboard

YEAR 1

New
England
coast

MidAtlantic
and
Gulf coasts

Pacific
coast

Northern Western
lakes
rivers

126

124

124a

124b

124c

125

126

Tons
Tons
Tons
Tons
Tons
1945 (1-1)_ _ 30,306,0461,471 ,881 17,186,48411 ,647,68 12,061,456
1944 ______ _ 23,568,82 1 972,205 13,595,614 9,001,0021,792,538
1943 ______ _ 14,713,957 439,727 10,050,727 4,223,50 31,620,292
1942 ______ _ 11,855,795 544,235 9,372,242 1,939,3181,624,377
1941 (1-1)_ _ 11,776,026 493,922 9,318,214 1,963,89 01,640,790

Tons
445,779
434,138
427,505
379,468
304,798

Tons
1,072,580
1,094,760
1,140,013
1,146,359
1,147,844

Tons
1,644,199
1,705,307
1,757,404
1,798,507
1,864,496

Tons
272,361
270,348
252,934
251,556
253,395

Ton3
605,102
597,376
604,656
610,160
613,211

T()1l8

1880(6-30)-1879 _____ -1878 _______


1877 _______
1876 _______

Tons
2,989,140
3,070,415
3,150,351
3,196,422
3,265,735

478,792
501,809
457,757
436,017
400,512

1940 (6-30) _ 12,063,512


1939 ______ _ 12,668,389
1938 ______ _ 12,666,146
1937 ______ _ 12,733,008
1936 ______ _ 12,511 ,523

453,380
418,425
453,571
514,967
516,684

9,563,434
9,778,725
9,729,758
9,630,476
9,253,753

2,046,69 81,669,389
2,471 ,23 91,711,965
2,482,81 71,739,074
2,587,56 51,712,900
2,741,08 61,766,674

285,287
251,637
246,145
230,220
218,490

1875 _______
1874 ____ .:. __
1873 _______
1872 _____ -187L ____ -_

3,596,876
3,520,597
3,489,199
3,265,251
3,163,862

1,142,995
1,076,818
1,055,019
1,053,420
1,049,723

2,224,624
2,232,162
2,242,862
2,031,483
1,946,704

229,257
211,617
191,818
180,348
167,435

837,892
842,381
788,412
724,493
712,027

418,964
437,674
418,415
448,001
406,718

1935 ______ _ 12,699,942


1934 ______ _ 12,882,970
1933 ______ _ 13,076,686
1932 ______ _ 13,792,994
193L _____ _12,957,859

589,210
619,833
641,257
708,226
712,288

9,247,868
9,311,792
9,465,211
9 ;970 ,014
9,156,549

2,862,86 41,773,054
2,951,34 51,802,305
2,970,218 1,813,570
3,114,754 1,856,553
3,089,022 2,766,545

180,760
176,760
169,901
189,108
183,852

1870 _______
1869 _______
1868 _______
1867 _______
1866 _______

3,163,597
3,090,372
3,174,935
3,840,095
3,515,248

1,.056,563
1,066,337
1,046,198
1,008,015
1,126,382

1,916,636
1,839,461
1,962,225
2,170,795
2,208,841

190,398
184,574
166,512
161,285
180,025

684,704
661,366
695,604
612,645
571 ,637

398,206
392,902
481,218
351,747
223,893

1930 ______ _ 13,131,044 798,092


1929_. ____ _ 13,526,522 814,833
1928 _______ 13,727,517 878,083
1927 _______ 13,914,054 917,930
1926 _______ 14,305,686 936,161
1925 _______ 14,390,411 953,193
1924 _______ 14,785,459 1,013,818
1923 _______ 15,387,961 1,112,577
1922 _______ 15,604,264 983,953
192L ______ 15,320,807 920,484
1920 _______ 13,065,104 872,207
1919 _______ 9,761,741 616,056
1918 _______
7,003,1l73 599,988
1917 _______ 5,959,272
603,970
1916 _______ 5,574,082 616,192
1915 _______ 5,432,616 658,137
1914 _______ 4,904,330 767,421
1913 _______ 4,800,424 765,588
. 1912 _______ 4,618,279 765,476
1911 _______ 4,543,743 775,313
1910 _______ 4,459,264 799,811
1909 _______
827,779
1908 _______ 4,443,611
4,468,865 821,849
1907 _______ 4.327,537
784,314
1906 _______ 4,272,580 781,118
1905 _______ 4,220,077 812,838
1904. ______ 4,058,943 794,866
1903 _______ 3,969,552 771 ,535
1902 _______ 3,759,267 758,288
190L ______ 3,568,470 750,244
1900 _______ 3,340,796 770,578
1899 _______ 3,154,806 741,981
1898 _______
774,965
1897_______ 3,050,506
3,086,809 817,646
1896 _______ 3,105,287
857,219
1895 _______ 3,113,282 845,918
1894 _______ 3,169,303 879,261
1893 _______ 3,265,112 907,085
1892 _______ 3,270,537 931,756
189L ______ 3,221,541 944,493
1890 _______ 3,066,988 947,366
1889 _______ 3,035,777 956,609
1888 _______ 3,012,7311 ,009,426
1887_______ 2,994,718 997,849
1886 _______ 3,033,673 1 ,054,551

9,106,355
9,447,388
9,494,410
9,746,872
10,079,066

3,226,597 2,758,321
3,264,301 2,771,287
3,355,024 2,773,341
3,249,252 2,805,350
3,290,459 2,844,473

178,360
179,050
182,203
168,097
160,988

1865 _______
1864~ ______
1863 _______
1862 _______
186L ______

4,179,920
4,099,610
4,381,901
4,424,612
4,888,140

1,269,247
1,340,566
1,645,743
1,805,210
1,839,158

2,756,323
2,654,147
2,617,958
2 i515 ,720
2,959,041

154,350
104,897
118,200
103,682
89,941

671,004
697,798
631,456
561,003
478,788

245,858 188,992
141,699
126,549
172,885

10,154,975
10,343,841
10,779,633
11 ,146 ,730
10,931,951

3,282,243 2,853,019
3,427,800 2,791,204
3,495,751 2,758,401
3,473,581 2,723,857
3,467,872 2,839,514

162,472
163,894
138,372
134,847
122,315

1860 _______
1859 _______
1858 _______
1857 ___ ___
1856 _______

4,723,006
4,674,799
4,648,029
4,562,408
4,525,309

1.,827,671
1,832,513
1,738,984
1,776,993
1,862,725

2,810,224
2,754,385
2,824,201
2,700,630
2,578,894

85,111
87,901
84,844
84,785
83,690

463,123
328,735
260,698
237,955
222,475

167,739
141,604
141,081
140,480
123,869

8,866,612
6,329,204
4,756,988
4,145,769
3,826,832

3,326,285 3,138,;<J90
2,816,481 3,023';762
1,646,697 2,797,503
1,209,533 2,779,087
1,131,058 2,760,815

120,230
121,797
123,342
132,678
134,752

1855 _______
1854 _______
1853 _____ -1852 _______
185L ______

4,876,720
4,531,280
3,871 ,716
3,566,215
3,258,723

2,004,364
1,806,242
1,678,509
1,557,216
1,414,290

2,778,901
2,622,588
2,087,935
1,906,282
1,784,934

93,455
102,450
105,272
102,717
59,499

3,651,859 1,122,620 2,818,009 138,804


3,035,933 1,100,976 2,882,922 141,436
2,985,540 1,049,296 2,939,786 146,308
2,867,990
984,813 2,949,924 145,980
2,794,825
973,605 2,943,523 167,957

1850 _______
1849 _______
1848 _______
1847_______
1846 _______

3,051,390
2,874,015
2,728,516
2,463,568
2,256,786

1,368,049
1,289,260
1,258,314
1,124,749
1,070,842

1,664,686
18,655
1,584,033
722
1,470,202 ---------1,338,819 ---------1,185,944 ----------

181,235
173,525
148,195
134,030
90,749

302,829
286,476
277,331
241,448
214,550

2,143,365 1,009,902 1,133,463 ---------2,033,237


962,572 1,070,665 ---_ ... ----1,940,067
922,959 1,017,108 ---------1,888,134
915,237
972,897 --_ ... -----984,262
951,440 ---------1,935,702

85,897
72,451
66,207
61,339
57,782

187,740
174,408
152,329
142,918
137,260

1885 _______
1884 _______
1883 _______
1882 _____.__
188L ______
1

3,169,9301 ,089,760
3,181 ,B03 1 ,142,319
3,150,5291 ,121,039
3,061,6551 ,095,189
3,000,3021 ,044,884

205,894 129,387
161,020 110,602
253,712 281,582
217,087 . 355,138
195,766 317,950

2,722,862
2,681,355
2,684,702
2,656,383
2,651,427

936,591 2,895,102
934,477 2,782,481
962,314 2,729,169
886,840 2,439,74]
840,035 2,234,432

153,716
162,663
167,411
171,516
167,957

1845 _______
1844_______
1843(6-30) __
1842(9-30) __
184L ______

2,585,529
2,457,500
2,385,838
2,226,768
2,104,395

821,710 2,062,147
806,577 2,019 ;20?
812,179 1,902,698
774,211 1,816,511
713,831 1,706,294

174.319
213;384
215,095
222,124
249,454

1840 _______
1839 _______
1838 _______
1837 _____ -1836 _____ --

2,014,214 1,012,343 I,OOl,B71 ----------

48,598

117,952

1,836,564
1,771 ,256
1,773,125

50,262
34,644
29,582

108,814
90,786
79,395

1,957,314
1,872,888
1,778,774
1,830,151
1,810,097

612,904 1,565,587
539,937 1,446,348
496,767 1,437,500
439,012 1,410,103
437,971 1,324,067

258,456
263,084
261,732
272,108
274,526

1835(9-30)-1834(12-31)-1833 _______
1832 _______
183L ______

1,735,393

895',748

839,645 ----------

16,851

1,529,884
1,367,411
1,214,914

811 ,430
700,433
575,957

718,454 ---------666,978 ---------638,957 -------- ... -

16,678
16,284
9,080

72,697
(')
59,589
55,755
48,852

1,833,863
1,833,684
1,900,605
1,874,162
1,836,191

433,5011 ,241,459
456,358 1 ,227,400
457,422 1 ,261,067
464,6191 ,183,582
440,8571 ,154,870

281,219
287,325
298,892
310,802
308,347

1830 _______
1829 _______
1828 _______
1827 _______
1826 _______

1,145,929

581,173

564,756 ----------

13,183

1,691,744
1,589,862
1,500,910

786,971
714,181
706,167

904,773 --_ ... -----875,681 _


794,743 ----------

10,245
8,803
9,293

39,403
21,942
23,988

1,691,231
1,642,896
1,603,416
1,640,424
1,631,437

428,3911 ,063,063
436,272 972,271
399.,889 874,102
356,445 783,721
347,685 762,560

294,446
299,427
305,082
327,405
334,902

1825 _______
1824 _______
1823 _______
1822 _______
182L ______

1,396,691
1,361,776
1,311,536
1,298,385
1,264,648

640,651
613,340
600,487
600,977
580,407

756,040
748,436
711 ,049
697,408
684,241

_--------_--------_--------_--------_---------

7,027
8,910
7,311
6,649
7,150

19,393
18,477
17,719
19,665
27,160

1,719,562
1,704,815
1,701,925
1,664,032
1,669,033

360,608 749,948 346,055


334,669 733,069 356,356
565 723,911 361,047
327.
1 711,269 393,009
302,434
286,385 663,383 394,049

1820 _______
1819 _______
1818 _______
1817 _______
1816 _______

1,245,416
1,228,068
1,194,372
1,320,100
1,357,072

564,816
550,515
527,768
562,481
569,093

680,600
677,553
666,604
757,619
787,979

_--------_---- .. ---_--------_-- ------_---_ .. _---

7',482
7,492
6,301
6,866
5,217

27,269
25,192
24,512
12,946
9,930

Effective dates same all for series K 95.

212

125

(2)

(2)

(2)

, No returns reported.

(2)

901,058
889,089
877,371
(~)

(2)

(2)

935,506 ---------882,167 ---------895,754 ---------(2)

(2)

(2)

(Z)

(2)

(2)

32,664
(')

SHIPPING AND WATER TRAFFIC

Data: K 127-131

Series K 127-131.-SHIPBUILDING-MERCHANT VESSELS BUILT AND DOCUMENTED, BY


REGION: 1817 TO 1936
I Gross tonnage of documented vessels of 5 net tons or more. Figures add to series K 120 except for years footnoted otherwise.

Figures in boldface represent

changes from those in source; see text for series K 94-131 J

I
YEAR 1

SEABOft.RD

Total
seaboard
127

New
England
coast

Mid-Atlantic
and Gulf
coasts

Pacific
coast

/I

!{ol"thern
lakes and
Western
rivers

YEAR 1

127a

127b

127c

Tons
175,398

Tons
711

Tons
166,671

Tons
8,016

Tons
48,686

49,054
49,946
181,593
195,529
355,771

1,910
862
25,851
52,163
26,639

38,452
37,390
151,823
133,625
287,884

8,692
11,694
3,919
9,741
41,248

13,865
16,703
9,210
17,363
31 ;135

1930 _______
1929 _______
1928 _______
1927. ______
1926 _______

193,116
104,769
181,681
176,207
159,658

18,601
12,766
11,434
6,574
4;995

143,656
71,750
146,532
124,068
131,994

30,859
20,253
23,715
45,565
22,669

61,180
24,207
75,499
68,937
65,015

1925 _______
1924 _______
1923 _______
1922 _______
192L ______

123,933
145,837
262,769
637,708
2,147,555

76,784
106,414
199,026
448,197
1,383,185

41,534
36,249
50,686
132,538
613,625

~
1920
_______
1919 _______
1918 _______
1917 _______
1916 _______

5,615
3,174
13,057
56,973
150,745

75,913
78,131
73,022
23,524
117,560

3,475,872
2,815,733
1,080,437
518,958
275,749

208,923
177,758
88,302
52,526
37,568

1,931,514
1,274,472
473,698
298,958
188,550

f,336,335
,363,503
518,437
167,474
49,631

404,767
510,888
220,431
145,521
49,664

1915 _______
1914:.. ______
1913 _______
1912 _______
1911 _______

203,156
251,700
247,318
136,485
190,612

18,551
14,985
27,131
23,052
23,653

152,906
200,220
175,523
81,329
139,725

31,699
36,495
44,664
32,104
27,234

21,966
64,550
98,837
96,184
100,550

1910 _______
1909 _______
1908 _______
1907____ __
1906 _______

167,829
131,748
266,937
219,753
146,883

23,442
27,237
70,903
44,428
32,311

127,517
81,752
138,984
140,134
94,311

16,870
22,759
57,050
3.5,191
20,261

174,239
106,342
347,279
251,579
271,862

1905 _______
1904 _______
1903 _______
1902 _______
190L ____

230,716
208,288
288,196
290,122
291,516

119,377
51,417
66,973
75,852
82,971

91,224
135,263
177,887
161,211
153,977

20,115
21,608
43,336
53,059
54,568

99,600
170,254
147,956
178,709
191,973

1900 _______
1899 _______
1898 _______
1897 _______
1896 _______

249,006
196,120
112,879
103,504
102,544

72,179
68,761
23,944
21,942
39,582

135,473
85,825
39,146
74,067
52,143

41,354
41,534
49,789
7,495
10,819

144,784
103,918
67,579
128,729
124,553

1895 _______
1894 _______
1893 _______
1892 _______
1891. ______

67,127
80,099
102,830
138,863
237,462

26,783
28,665
37,091
60,624
105,491

33,200
46,042
52,018
57,469
112,901

7,144
5,392
13,721
20,770
19,070

1890._______
1889 _______
1888 ____ .:. __
1887 _______
1886 _______

169,091
111,852
105,125
83,061
64,458

78,577
39,983
33,813
24,035
30,624

78,179
53,930
49,356
49,886
27,920

1885 _______
1884 _______
1883 _______
1882 _______
1881. ______

121,010
178,419
210,349
188,084
125,766

48,128
84,046
110,226
93,965
54,488

1880 _______
1879 _______
1878 _______
1877_______
1876 _______

101,720
115,683
155,138
132,996
163,826

1875 _______
1874 _______
1873 _______
1872 _______
1871. ______
1870 _______
1869 _______
1868 _______
1867 s______
1866 _______

1936 (6-30)_
1935 _______
1934 _______
1933 _______
1932 _______
193!_______
-=r,,,,",,

~_

I Northern

SEABOARD

128

Total
seaboard

New
England
coast

127

Mid-Atlantic
and Gulf
coasts

lakes and
Western
rivers

Pacific
coast

127a

127b

127c

1865 (6-30) 2
1864 _______
1863 2 ______
1862 _______
186L ______

Tons
280,899
328,710
215,410
112,486
181,586

Tons
135,253
112,615
79,578
45,597
104,678

Tons
141,830
211 ,242
133,161
64,365
72,192

Tons
3,816
4,853
2,671
2,524
4,716

Tons
102,910
87,030
95,474
62,589
51,608

1860 _______
1859 2______
1858 2______
1857 _______
1856 _______

169,836
134,499
177,799
285,681
369,679

134,289
79,316
103,864
183,686
252,974

33,524
53,127
71,811
100,810
116,343

2,023
2,056
2,124
1,185
362

44,962
23,103
64,487
93,123
99,714

1855 _______
1854 _______
1853 _______
1852 _______
185L ______

505,450
454,933
357,233
301,275
265,378

326,431
289,599
222,791
179,804
133,351

176,901
164,311
134,291
121,470
131,957

2,118
1,023
151
---------70

78,000
80,683
68,339
50,218
32,825

1850 _______
1849 _______
1848 _______
1847 _______
1846 _______

248,865
209,189
264,268
185,618
. 149,571

142,369
120,237
146,113
104,745
82,347

106,374
122
88,952 -----------118,155 ------- --""-80,873 -----------67,224 ------------

23,353
47,388
53,807
58,114
38,632

1845 _______
1844 _______
1843 (6-309 mo.) ___
1842 (9-30) _
184L ______

116,443
71,832

63,837
36,268

52,606 -----------35,564 ------------

29,575
31,705

53,220
109,100
104,268

26,512
64,237
68,771

26,708 -----------44,863 ----------- ...


40,497 ----------_ ...

10,397
19,988
14;625

1840 _______

110,683

65,189

45,494 ------------

7,626

128

ALTERNATIVE SERIES

The Coast
YEARl

129

Western
lakes and
rivers

New
England
States!

130

131

1850 (June 30) _____________________


1849 ______________________________
1848 ______________________________
1847______________________________
1846 ______________________________

Tons
247,847
217,264
262,581
185,493
149,332

Tons
24,372
39,313
55,495
58,240
38,872

44,475
51,096
108,809
60,770
131,840

Tons
142,367
120,234
146,111
104,682
82,347

1845 ______________________________
1844 ______________________________
1843 (June 30) ( ____________ "-_~ _____
1842 (Sept. 30). ____________________
1841 ______________________________

116,156
71,732
90,017
108,302
103,576

29,862
31,805
26,293
20,782
15,318

12,335
17,939
21,956
9,140
5,914

125,032
119,282
112,962
67,389
30,995

63,835
36,268
46,251
56,234
63,770

1840 ______________________________
1839 ______________________________
1838 ______________________________
1837______________________________
1836 ______________________________

8,603
13,757
13,061
23,990
15,497

61,844
83,753
83,385
78,342
59,861

" 11,038
10,620
16,738
15,777
11,417

38,046
47,095
55,081
94,186
154,693

109,706
107,232
100,074
98,997
98,130

65,189
59,204
53,054
51,981
58,330

1835 (Sept; 30) ( ___________________


1834 (Dec. 31) _____________________
1833 ______________________________
1832" ______________________________
1831 ______________________________

101,906
105,683
153,455
130,064
80,541

14,072
12,647
8,171
14,475
5,222

46,374
55,874
90,386
90,992
95,288

46,403
48,602
53,419
29,286
51,716

8,943
11,207
11,333
12,718
16,822

55,690
77,348
80,366
43,596
39,760

60,054
61,779
95,143
100,585
49,793

1830 _____________________________
1829 ___________ . __________________
1828 _____________________________
1827 _________________________ ____
1826 ______________________________

52,686
71,055
95,349
99,343
121,908

5,398
6,044
3,027
5,000
4,530

24,169
38,117
54,282
57,156
72,668

244,474
277,093
218,139
128,097
156,249

151 ;497
136,251
76,406
46,269
64,366

79,549
129,983
136,258
79,552
86,559

13,428
10,859
5,475
2,276
5,324

53,165
155,632
141,107
80,955
116,978

1825 ______________________________
1824 ______________________________
1823 ______________________________
1822 ______________________________
1821 _________________________ ____

112,616
89,166
73,942
75,242
55,607

2,381
1,773
1,066
105
249

65,616
52,445
42,725
44,206
36,651

182,836
191,194
173,722
229,583
232,788

110,584
103,604
98,915
135,189
121,835

59,532
72,058
67,956
90,070
105,829

12,720
15,532
6,851
4,324
6,124

94,117
84,036
111,582
73,945
103,358

1820 ______________________________
1819 ______________________________
1818 ______________________________
1817 ______________________________

47,696
79,551
82,232
85,144

88
267
189
1,250

29,353
60,614
48,823
46,605

1 Time periods covered same as for series K 120.


, Figures for these years add to series K 107, except 1828, 1880, 1885 and 1843.
I New England States included in series K 13lC The Coast).

( Figures are 12-month approximations for charting purposes.


5 Figures for 1828 add to series K 120; those for 1830 add to neither series K 107
or K 120.

213

Data: K 132-157

TRANSPORTATION

Senes K 132-14S.-WATERBORNE COlvHvlERCE OF THE UNITED STATES-SUMlvIARY OF


CARGO TONNAGE: 1924 TO 1945
[ In thousands of short tons of 2.000 pounds. For definition of cargo tonnage, see text. Net totals are derived by deducting two types of duplications from unadjusted
totals: (1) Traffic between seaports and river points, and (2) "Other duplications," comprising principally coastwise and lake traffic passing through canals and
connecting channels other than the St. Marys Falls Canal and the Detroit River 1
FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC COMMERCE

FOREIGN COMMERCE

Through seaports
Unadjusted
total

Net
total

YEAR

DOMESTIC COMMERCE

Great Lakes ports

Total
Imports

Exports

Imports
137

Exports

'Local
On rivers:,
traffic of Between
canals and
seaports seaports
and
connectand Great
river
ing
Lakes
ports
channels S
ports 2

Between ports
Approximate net
total J

Un adjusted
total

Coastwise

Great
Lakes

---132

133

134

135

136

138

139

140

141

142

143

144

145

1945 _________
1944 _________
1943 _________
1942 _________
1941. ________

618,906
605,928
580,581
589,900
653,600

870,295
860,022
796,831
876,816
966,798

172,093
153,736
127,285
99,221
120,652

44,526
39,441
33,077
25,974
54,616

100,333
82,613
63,086
46,023
40,605

6,511
8,055
7,120
4,488
4,628

20,723
23,627
24,002
22,736
20,803

446,813
452,192
453,296
490,679
532,948

698,202
706,286
669,546
777,595
846,146

90,691
70,806
59,790
73,977
155,857

157,914
164,994
159,458
172,685
163,301

104,675
114,132
106,278
111,996
106,141

80,234
87,928
86,634
84,941
76,969

264,688
268,426
257,386
333,996
343,878

1940 _________
1939 _________
1938 _________
1937 _________
1936 _________

607,900
569,400
466,900
583,100
525,842

836,578
769,726
637,190
745,033
649,861

111,254
112,667
105,182
114,413
90,247

40,740
37,854
33,886
43,764
37,504

49,568
57,711
55,476
52,910
37,154

4,117
4,941
5,110
4,102
5,423

16,829
12,161
10,710
13,637
10,163

496,646
456,733
361,718
468,687
435,595

725,324
657,058
532,008
630,620
559,614

156,929
150,983
138,478
149,417
132,367

141,299
113,309
72 ,913
135,399
115,398

104,989
94,809
81,615
94,672
91,443

62,859
54,915
50,634
51,682
40,919

259,248
243,042
188,368
199,450
17.9,487

1935 _________
1934 _________
1933 _________
1932 _________
1931. ________

453,331
414,308
394,104
342,489
445,648

543,271
480,925
447,244
390,299
493,444

81,640
77,898
69,467
70,429
89,526

33,943
30,553
27,671
29,843
37,375

33,922
33,570
31,197
30,039
38,841

4,716
4,287
3,034
3,072
4,016

9,059
9,488
7,565
7,475
9,294

371,692
336,410
324,637
272,060
356,122

461,632
403,027
377,777
319,870
403,918

115,442
113,240
110,346
94,434
113,949

83,748
71,795
69,240
39,544
71,788

80,474
64,744
57,993
57,929
70,814

31,829
31,179
23,244
24,134
34,044

150,139
122,069
116,954
103,829
113,323

1930 _________
1929 _________
1928 _________
1927 _________
1926 _________

520,280
583,800
539,200
532,500
540,500

591,330
655,045
609,000
593,641
601,501

114,110
127,510
126,768
120,523
131,293

46,448
51,591
46,690
43,388
44,834

48,148
55,761
56,151
56,550
69,859

7,590
6,385
8,548
8,098
6,424

11,924
13,773
15,379
12,487
10,176

406,170
456,290
412,432
411,977
409,207

477,220
527,535
482,232
473,118
470,208

117,821
124,999
119,254
121,036
108,023

109,791
135,838
119,301
113,917
116,486

81,403
91,892
77,925
78,162
89,168

35,601
39,632
37,672
38,191
34,510

132,604
135,174
128,080
121,812
122,021

1925 _________
1924 _________

483,400
453,700

551,568
486,015

108,547
101,562

42,792
36,425

49,251
49,008

7,317
4,962

9,187
11 ,167

374,854
352,139

443,022
384,454

105,090
88,554

111,568
93,188

64,981
77,270

47,214
32,315

114,16,9
93,127

1 Estimated from figures in this table on assumption that all deductions represent duplications in domestic traffic. There are, however, some minor duplications
in figures for foreign traffic.
2 Includes figures for harbor traffic of New York, Philadelphia, and San Francisco; local traffic of other seaports, and local traffic of lake ports.

..

3 Excludes St. Marys Falls Canal traffic and additional Detroit River traffic
both of which are already counted in Great Lakes traffic; also excludes duplications
relating to rivers and canals themselves.

Series K 146-157.-CARRIAGE OF FOREIGN TRADE-VESSELS ENTERED AND CLEARED,


NET TONNAGE CAPACITY: 1789 TO 1945
[ In thousands of net tons 1
VESSELS ENTERED

All ports

VESSELS CLEARED

Seaports

All ports

Seaports

YEAR 1

Total
146

AmeriCan
vessels
147

Foreign
vessels
148

Total
149

American
vessels
150

Foreign
vessels
151

Total
152

American
vessels
153

Foreign
vessels
154

Total
155

American
vessels
1'56

Foreign
vessels
157

1945 2_______________
1944. _______________
1943 ________________
1942 ________________
1941 ________________

94,095
81,860
61,084
43,942
59,061

61,465
48,071
29,292
13,611
20,940

32,630
33,789
31,792
30,331
38,121

81,256
66,305
44,739
28,258
42,616

56,591
42,196
24,508
10,326
16,767

24,665
24,109
20,231
17,932
,25,849

94,647
87,385
66,716
47,706
62,596

61,523
53,050
33,682
16,354
21,869

33,124
34,335
33,034
31,352
40,726

81',542
71,717
50,232
31,976
46,142

56,398
46,919
28,826
13,149
17,701

25,144
24,798
21,406
18,827
28,441

1940 ________________
1939 ________________
1938 ________________
1937 ________________
1936 ________________

58,544
68,992
70,516
71,560
65,972

19,220
17,769
19,020
19,527
20,682

39,324
51,223
51,496
52,033
45,290

45,393
57,973
59,223
59,980
55,038

15,740
14,553
15,899
16,747
17,510

29,652
43,421
43,324
43,233
37,528

62,171
70,306
71,286
72,880
66,066

20,248
18,156
18,829
19,938
20,069

41,923
52,150
52,456
52,942
45,997

48,996
59,218
60,064
61,177
55,381

16,766
14,903
15,742
17,134
16,967

32,230
44,316
44,322
44,043
38,414

1935 ________________
1934 ________________
933 ________________
1932 ________________
1931 ________________
1
930 ________________
1929
________________
1928,________________
1
927 ________________
1926
________________

64,612
63,787
60,936
64,837
72,782

22,372
23,192
22,488
24,278
26,907

42,240
40,594
38,448
40.559
45,875

54,289
53,132
51,564
55,229
60,427

18,893
19,186
19,051
20,643
21,499

35,395
33,946
32,513
34,587
38,929

64,887
63,702
61,287
64,446
73,501

22,126
22,799
22,434
23,865
26,854

42,761
40,903
38,853
40,582
46,647

54,722
53,162
52,083
54,900
61,204

18,651
18,901
19,093
20,204
21,417

36,071
34,261
32,990
34,695
39,787

81,253
82,602
80,211
74,310
76,933

31,866
32,241
31,285
29,289
26,890

49.387
50,361
48,926
45,021
50,043

66,499
66,853
62,809
58,921
63,759

24,620
25,208
22.991
22,001
21,091

41,879
41,645
39,818
36,920
42,668

81,307
82,343
80,667
75,440
79,041

31,560
31,927
31,734
29,793
28,532

49,747
50,416
48,933
45,647
50,509

66,500
67,030
_63,331
59,759
65,583

24,154
25,045
23,180
22,078
22,234

42,346
41,985
40,151
37,681
43,349

925 ________________
1924
________________
1923
________________
1
922 ________________
1921
________________
1

69,378
68,292
66,319
65,191
62,285

27,947
29,628
27,725
31,738
31,185

41,431
38,664
38,594
33,453
31,100

55,636
54,726
52,775
51,701
49,958

21,148
22,462
20,984
23,633
24,402

34,487
32,264
31,791
28,068
25,556

70,229
68,910
66,624
64,839
62,665

27,808
30,092
27,932
31,759
30,181

42,421
38,818
38,692
33,080
32,484

57,160
55,294
53,215
51,799
50,423

21,394
22,896
21,305
23,755
23,432

35,766
32,397
31,910
28,044
26,991

920 _____ __________

64,104
46,702
45,456
50,472
51,550

32,119
21,933
19,284
18.725
17,928

31,985
24,769
26,173
31,747
33,622

51,531
36,381
31,101
36,521
37,744

26,225
16,22411,256
10,898
9,446

25,306
20,157
19,845
25,623
28,298

67,817
51,257
46,014
52,077
52,423

34,053
24,992
19,206
19,146
17,902

33,764
26,265
26,808
32,931
34,521

54,980
40,751
31,869
38,094
38,946

27,875
19,133
11,280
11,339
9,763

27,106
21,617
20,589
26,755
29,182

1919 ________________
1918 s_______________

1
________________
1 917
916 ________________
1

See p. 216 for footnotes.

214

Data: K 146-157

SHIPPING AND WATER TRAFFIC

Series K 146-157.-CARRIAGE OF FOREIGN TRADE-VESSELS ENTERED AND CLEARED,


NET TONNAGE CAPACITY: 1789 TO 1945-Con.
[In thousands of net tons 1
VESSELS CLEARED
VESSELS ENTERED

All ports

Foreign
vessels
154

Foreign
vessels

Total

American
vessels

Foreign
vessels

Total

Total

American
vessels

American
vessels

148

149

150

151

153

147

152

146
1915 _____ - ________ -191L ______ :.--- -- - -1913 _________ - - --- -1912 __ ,- __ - ------ ---191L ___ ------ --- ---

46,710
53,389
50,639
46,158
42,675

13,275
13,730
13,073
11 ,257
9,693

33,435
39,659
37,567
34,901
32,982

35,032
40,052
37,973
34,659
32,457

6,830
5,436
5,241
4,572
4,302

28,202
34,616
32,732
30,087
28,155

46,885
53,183
51,152
46,417
42,437

13,418
13,740
13,946
11,703
9,753

191 0 _____ - _- - -- - - - -1909 _____ - - - - - - - - - -1908 _____ - _ -- --- ---1907 _______ --------906 _______ ---------

40,236
39,058
38,539
36,622
34,155

8,888
8,771
8,473
8,116
7,613

31,347
30.287
30,066
28,507
26,543

30,917
30,243
30,444
29,248
27,401

4,214
4,403
4,314
3,924
4,023

26,703
25,840
26,130
25,324
23,379

39,706
38,196
38,282
35,990
33,784

905 _______ ---- -~- -904


- _- - - - - - - --903 _____
_______________
902 _________ -- - - - -901 _____ - _- - - - - - - --

30,983
29,952
31,094
30,654
29,768

7,081
6,679
.6,907
6,961
6,381

23,903
23,273
24,187
23,693
23,387

24,793
24,111
24,698
24,361
24,791

4,120
3,806
3,881
4,020
3,980

20,673
20,305
20,817
20,342
20,811

900 _______ - - - - - - - -899 _________ - - - ---898 _____ - _- - - - - - - -897 ________________


896 _______ -- - - -- ---

28,163
26,111
25,579
23,760
20,989

6,136
5,341
5,240
5,525
5,196

22,027
20,770
20,339
18,235
15,793

23,534
21,963
21,700
20,003
17,453

3,974
3,333
3,362
3,611
3,673

895 _____ -- --- - - - --894 _______ -- - - - - - -893 _____ -_ - - -- - - --892 _______ -- ---- --891 ________ --------

19,295
19,990
19,582
21,013
18,204

4,473
4,655
4,359
4,470
4,381

14,822
13,335
15,223
16,543
13,823

16,725
17,025
16,679
18,180
15,394

18 90 _______ -- -- -- --18 89 ________ -.:- - ---- - - ---- - -'1888


87 ______
________________
18
18 86 _____ - __ - - -- - - --

18,107
15,952
15,393
15,816
15,136

4,083
3,724
3,367
3,366
3,232

14,024
12,228
12,026
12,451
11 ,904

1885 _____ - _______ --18 84 _____ - _ - - - - -- - -1883 _____ --- - ------18 82 _______ - --- --- -1881 _____ - _--- - -- ---

15,305
15,069
16,382
17,601
18,319

3,132
3,202
3,256
3,341
3,254

1880 _____ - _ -- -- - - - -18 79 _____ - _ - - - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - -18 78


77 _____
________________
18
18 76 _____ - _ -- --- -- --

18,011
16,193
14,464
13,455
12,511

18 75 _______ -- - -- - --18 74 _____ - __ ---- - --18 73 ________ -- - - - --_______ - -- - ----18 721 ___________
- - --187
0
___________
- ---187
186 9 _______ - __ - - -- -- _ --- - -- --18687 _____
________________
186
186 6 __________ - --- --

yEAR I

Seaports

Seaports

All ports
Total

American
vessels

155

156

Foreign
vessels
157

33,467
39,443
37,206
34,713
32,684

35,458
39,743
37,566
34,706
32,299

7,110
5,185
5,289
4,794
4,427

28,347
34,558
32,277
29,912
27,871

8,809
8,492
8,435
8,093
7,581

30,897
29,705
29,84.6
27,898
26,204

30,510
29,604
30,198
28,499
26,970

4,196
4,215
4,288
3,797
3,923

26,314
25,389
25,910
24,702
23,047

31,158
30,016
31,316
30,444
29,820

7.203
6,641
6,975
6,822
6,417

23,955
23,374
24,341
23,623
23,403

25,020
24,192
24,823
24,242
24,889

4,259
3,836
3,931
3,956
4,020

20,760
20,356
20,892
20.287
20,870

19,559
18,631
18,338
16,391
13,779

28,281
26,266
25,748
23,709
21,415

6,209
5,472
5,111
5,618
5,330

22,072
20,794
20,637
18,091
16,085

23,618
22,177
21,892
19,878
17,819

4,006
3,463
3,231
3,637
3,741

19,612
18,714
18,661
16,241
14,078

3,677
3,649
3,493
3,747
3,670

13,049
13,376
13,186
14,434
11,724

19,751
20,272
19,761
21,161
18,261

4,504
4,740
4,403
4,536
4,455

15,246
15,532
15,357
16,625
13,805

17,024
17,306
16,825
18,258
15,411

3,616
3,747
3,537
3,751
3,716

13,408
13,560
13,288
14,507
11,695

15,366
13,312
12,956
13,532
12,230

3,405
3,128
2,914
2,871
2,762

11,961
10,184
10,042
10,661
9,468

18,149
16,343
15,669
15,753
15,328

4,067
3,988
3,415
3,259
3,303

14,082
12,355
12,254
12,494
12,024

15,429
13,672
13,252
13,511
12,413

3,390
3,342
2,944
2,771
2,806

12,039
10,329
10 ,308
10,740
9,607

12,173
11 ,867
13,126
14,260
15,066

12,287
12,085
13,361
14,656
15,631

2,709
2,821
2,835
2,968
2,919

9,578
9,264
10,526
11 ,688
12,711

15,515
15,205
16,541
17,757
18,470

3,232
3,237
3,307
3,318
3,376

12,283
11 ,968
13,234
14,439
15,094

12,496
12,206
13,565
14,846
15,794

2,809
2,845
2,895
2,936
3,040

9,688
9,361
10,670
11,911
12,754

3,437
3,415
3,642
3,663
3,611

14,574
12,778
10,821
9,791
8,899

15,251
13,768
11 ,531
10,406
9,716

3,140
3,050
3,009
2,958
2,928

12,111
10,718
8,521
7,449
6,788

18,043
16,075
14,808
13,442
12,655

3,397
3,464
3,872
3,765
3,732

14,646
12,611
10,935
9,677
?,923

15,296
13,617
11 ,844
10,389
9,839

3,078
3,071
3,196
3,043
3,037

12,218
10,545
8,647
7,345
6,802

11 ,693
13,092
11 ,696
10,806
10,009

3,574
3,894
3,613
3,712
3,743

8,119
9,198
8,083
7,095
6,266

9,143
10,010
8,395
7,770
6,994

2,887
2,915
2,443
2,585
2,604

6,256
7,095
5,951
5,185
4,391

11 ,897
13,189
11 ,822
10,734
9,898

3,737
3,982
3,757
3,682
3,747

8,160
9,207
8,065
7,051
6 ;152

9,341
10,058
8,515
7,739
6,918

3,061
2,961
2,574
2,598
2,635

6,279
7,097
5,941
5,141
4,283

9,156
8,750
8,046
7,774
7,782

3,486
3,403
3,551
3,455
3,372

5,670
5,348
4,495
4,319
4,410

6,270
6,032
5,572
5,266
5,OQ8

2,452
2,459
2,466
2,146
1,891

3,818
3,573
3,106
3,121
3,117

9,169
7,754
8,279
7,885
7,822

3,507
3,381
3,718
3,420
3,383

5,662
4,373
4,561
4,465
4,438

'6,362
6,114
5,811
5,501
5,161

2,530
2,502
2,625
2,270
2,030

3,832
3,612
3,186
3,230
3,131

186 5 _______ ---- - ---1864 _______ - -- -- - --- - -- - --18623 ________


________________
186
186 1 ________ - -- - - - --

6,161
6,538
7,255
7,363
7,241

2,944
3,066
4,615
5,118
6,024

3,217
3,471
2,640
2,245
2,218

3,827
4,167
4,205
4,191
4,559

1,615
1,655
2,308
2,629
3,025

2,212
2,512
1,898
1,562
1,534

6,620
6,832
7,511
7,339
7,151

3,025
3,091
4,447
4,962
4,889

3,595
3,741
3,064
3,377
2,262

4,161
4,279
4,343
4,205
4,410

1,710
1,662
2,266
2,568
2,874

2,450
2,617
2,077
1,637
1,536

_______ - --- - ---1860


9 ________________
185
- - - --18587 __________
________________
185
185 6 _______ -- -- - ---5 ________________
185
185 4 ___________ - ---1853 --------_ ... -----1852 ---------------1851 ----------------

8,275
7,806
6,605
7,186
6,872

5,921
5,266
4,396
4,721
4,385

2,354
2,540
2,209
2,465
2,487

5,000
4,913
4,338
4,843
4,464

3,302
3,328
3,051
3,482
3,194

1,698
1.,585
1,287
1,361
1,270

8,790
7,916
7,803
7,071
7,000

6,166
5,297
4,490
4,581
4,538

2,624
2,618
3,313
2,490
2,462

5,257
4,867
4,436
4,882
4,695

4,178 -------_ ... - .. --------4,343 ---------- .. ~-------4,157 ---------- - --------3,926 ---------- .. --------3,466 ---------- .. ---------

6,179
6,019
6,066
5,278
5,130

4,069
3,911
3,767
3,231
3,201

2,110
2,108
2,299
2,048
1,930

1850 ---------------1849 -------_ ... ------1848 ........ _... _... -- - - -1847 ---------------1846 ----------------

3,749
4,369
3,799
3,322
3,111

---------- .. --------------- ... -- .. ---------- ... ------- - ---------

4,361
4,429
3,865
3,379
3,189

2,633
2,754
2,461
2,202
2,221

3,167 ---------- ... -- ------1,728


1,676 ---------- .. --------- ... --------1,404 ---------- - --------- .. -- .. _--1,177 ---------- --------- .. _.. .. _--968 ---------- - --_ ... ----- .. ----- ......

1845 ---------------1844 ---------------1843 ---------------1842 ---------------1841 ----------------

2,946
2,894
1,678
2,243
2,368

2,035
1,977
1,144
1,510
1,632

2,011 ---------- - --------911


1,897 ---------- - --------917
535 ---------- .. --------- .- -------733 ---------- -- -------- -- -------736 ---------- -- -------- -- --------

2,984
2,918
1,792
2,277
2,371

2,054
2,011
1 ,~68
1,536
1,634

930 ---------- - --------- - --------907 - .... -------- - --------- - --------524 ---------- - --------- - ----- ...... 740 ---------- .. --------- - --------737 ---------- - --------- - -,--------

1840 ---------------1839 ---------------1838 ---------------1837 ---------_ ... __ ...... 1836 ... - _.. _.. -----_ .. --

2,289
2,116
1,895
2,065
1,936

1,577
1,491
1,303
1,300
1,255

712
625
592
766
680

1,788 ---------- -- -------_... --------------- -- -------- -- ..........


-_ ......
---------- -- -------- -- ----------------- -- ------- .. -------------------------- --

2,353
2,090
2,013
2,023
1,990

1,647
1,478
1,409
1,267
1,316

1,861 ---------706
612 ---------- -- -----_ .. 604 ....... _-----_ ... -- ----_ ...... 756 ---------- -- -----_ ... 674 ---------- -- --------

--

5,945
5,884
6,282
5,293
4,993

3,861
3,752
4,004
3,236
3,054
2,573
2,658
2,393
2,101
2,151

2,084
2,132
2,278
2,057
1,939
1,176
1,711
1,405
1,220
960

' 3,013
2,890
2,503
2,429
2,022

---------- - ------------------ - ---------

3,501
3,315
3,128
3,483
------_ ... --

----------

1,756
1,552
1,309
1,398
..

---------

.. --------..
---------- ..
.. --------.. ------------------ ..
- --------- .. -- -------

4,435
4,524
4,289

---_ _---

----------

---------

----------

-_
-_

- - --- - ..

_-

_--

- ---------

-- --------

-- -- .. ------ ----"--"

See footnotes on next page.

215

Data: K 146-167

TRANSPORTATION

Series K 146-157.-CARRIAGE OF FOREIGN TRADE-VESSELS ENTERED AND CLEARED,


NET TONNAGE CAPACITY: 1789 TO 1945-Con.
[ In thousands of net tons 1
VESSELS ENTERED, ALL PORTS

VESSELS CLEARED, ALL PORTS

Total

American
vessels

Foreign
vessels

Total

American
vessels

Foreign
vessels

146

147

148

152

153

154

1835 ____________________ _
1834 ____________________ _
1833 ____________________ _
1832 ____________________ _
1831 ____________________ _

1,994
1,643
1,608
1,343
1,405

1,353
1,075
1,111
950
923

641
568
497
393
482

2,031
1,712
1,639
1,362
1,244

1,401
1,134
1,142
975
973

631
578
497
388
272

1830 ____________________ _
1829 ____________________ _
1828 ____________________ _
1827 ____________________ _
1826 ____________________ _

1,099
1,004
1,019
1,056
1 ;048

967
873
868
918
942

132
131
150
138
106

1,105
1,078
1,048
1,112
1,052

972
945
897
981
953

1825 ____________________ _
1824 ____________________ _
1823 ____________________ _
1822 ____________________ _
1821 ____________________ _

974
952
895
889
847

881
850
775
788
765

93
102
119
101
82

1,055
1,022
931
911
888

960
919
811
814
805

1820 ____________________ _
1819 ____________________ _
1818 __ . ____ _ .__________ _
1817 ____________________ _
1816 ____________________ _

880
869
917
992
1,136

801
784
755
780
877

1815 _________ .. __________ _


1814 ____________________ _
1813 _________ ..: __________ _
1812 __ .__________________ _
1811 ________________.____ _

918
108
351
715
981

701
60
238
668
948

YEAR 1

VESSELS ENTERED, ALL PORTS

Total

American
vessels

Foreign
vessels

146

147

148

1810 ____________________ _
1809 ____________________ _
1808 ____________________ _
1807" ___________________ _
1806 ____________________ _

989
705
586
1,203
1,135

909
605
539
1,116
1,044

80
99
48
87
91

133
133
151
131
99

1805 _______ ____________ _


1804 ____________________ _
1803 ____________________ _
1802 ____________________ _
1801 ____________________ _

1,010
944
951
944
1,007

922
822
787
799
849

88
122
164
146
157

95
103
120
97
83

1800 ____________________ _
1799 ____________________ _
1798 ____________________ _
1797 ________________ ; ___ _
1796 __________ , _________ _

804
732
610
681
722

683
625
522
608
675

121
108
88
73
47

79
86
161
212
259

1795 ____________________ _
1794 ____________________ _
1793 ____________________ _
1792 ____________________ _
1791 ____________________ _

637
609
611
659
604

580
526
448
415
364

57
83
164
244
241

217
48
114
47
33

1790 ____________________ _
1789, ___________________

606
234

355
127

251
107

YEAR 1

I Data as of Sept. 30, for 1789 through 1842; as of June 30, for 1843 through
1918; thereafter as of Dec. 31.
t Preliminary data, subject to revision.
S As of June 30; figures (in thousands of tons) for July-Dec. are as follows:
series K 146, 25,029; series K 147,11,006; series K 148,14,023; series K 149,16,113;

series K 150, 5,747; series K 151, 10,366; series K 152,25,472; series K 153, 11,228;
series K 154, 14,249; series K 155, 16,112; series K 156, 63,514; and series K
157, 10,498.
4 Reported as 3,169 (thousands of net tons) in Statistical Abstract, 1946, p. 564,
table 619.

Series K 158-167.-CARRIAGE OF FOREIGN TRADE-VALUE OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS


(INCLUDING REEXPORTS) OF MERCHANDISE: 1790 TO 1935
f In millions of dollars. Includes gold and silver coin and bullion to 1879, inclusive. Also includes all waterborne foreign commerce of ports on the Great Lakes J
EXPORTS (INCLUDING REEXPORTS), VALUE

IMPORTS, VALUE

By water (including by land


1790 to 1870) l
YEAR

Total

158

Total by
water

In American
vessels

In foreign
vessels

159

160

161

By water (including by land


1790 to 1870) ?

By land
or air S

Total

162

163

Total by
water

In American
vessels

III foreign
vessels

164

165

166

By land
or air 4
167

1935 _________________
1934 _________________
1933 ___ _____________
1932 _________________
1931 _________________

2,039
1,636
1,450
1,323
2,091

1,813
1,446
1,287
1,164
1,829

649
528
461
431
619

1,164
917
826
734
1,210

226
190
162
158
262

2,283
2,133
1,675
1,611
2,424

1,973
1,837
1,471
1,385
2,043

705
658
515
476
732

1,268
1,179
956
909
1,311

310
296
204
226
382

1930 _________________
1929 _________________
1928 _________________
1927 _________________
1926 _________________

3,061
4,399
4,091
4,185
4,431

2,635
3,807
3,550
3,662
3,891

898
1,205
1,133
1,215
1,195

1,737
2,602
2,418
2,447
2,696

426
592
541
523
540

3,843
5,241
5,128
4,865
4,809

3,168
4,322
4,277
4,097
4,050

1,117
1,487
1,472
1,434
1,401

2,051
2,835
2,804
2,663
2,649

675
920
851
768
759

4,227
3,610
3,792 ,
3,113
2,509

3,716
3,145
3,312
2,704
2,187

1,151
1,012
1,040
921
765

2,565
2,133
2,272
1,783
1,422

510
466
481
409
322

4,910
4,591
4,168
3,832
4,485

4,224
4,010
3,539
3,281
3,888

1,473
1,532
1,358
1,261
1,402

2,751
2,478
2,181
2,020
2,486

686
581
629
551
597

5,279
3,904
3,031
2,953
2,392

4,731
3,414
2,577
2,590
2,157

1,988
1,228
717
733
532

2,743
2,186
1,860
1,857
1,625

547
491
454
362
234

8,228
7,920
6,149
6,234
5,483

7,252
7,090
5,226
5,403
4,820

3,165
2,596
986
946
665

4,087
4,494
4,240
4,457
4,155

976
831
923
830

925 _________________
1924 _________________
1923 _________________
1922 _________________
1921 _________________
1
920 _________________
1919 _________________
1918 _________________
1917 _________________
1916 _________________
1
See p. 218 for footnotes.

216

663

Data: K 158-167

SHIPPING AND WATER TRAFFIC

Series K 158-167.-CARRIAGE OF FOREIGN TRADE~VALUE OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS


(INCLUDING REEXPORTS) OF MERCHANDISE: 1790 TO 1935-Con.
In millions of dollars. Includes gold and silver coin and bullion to 1879, inclusive. Also includes aU waterborne foreign commerce of ports on the Great Lakes J
EXPORTS (INCLUDING REEXPORTS), VALUE

IMPORTS, VALUE

By water (including by land


1790 to 1870) 2
YEAR

Total

158

Total by
water

In American
vessels

In foreign
vessels

159

160

161

By water (including by land


1790 to 1870) 2

By land
or air 3

Total

162

163

Total by
water

In American
vessels

In foreign
vessels

164

165

166

Byland
or air 4
167

1915 1 _________________
1914 ______ - -- - ------ -1913 _____ - ---- ----- --1912 _______ --- -------1911. _____ ~ - -- - -- -----

1,674
1,894
1,813
1,653
1,527

1,526
1,738
1,698
1,551
1,436

281
199
193
171
147

1,245
1,539
1,505
1,380
1,290

148
156
115
102
91

2,769
2,365
2,466
2,204
2,049

2,466
2,048
2,075
1,880
1,774

291
170
188
152
134

2,176
1,878
1,887
1,'729
1,641

302
317
391
324
275

1910 _______ - - - - - - -- --1909 _____ -_ --- -------1908 __________ - -- - - --1907 _____ --- -- - -- -- - -1906 ___ - _ - - - -- --- -----

1,557
1,312
1,194
1,434
1,227

1,467
1,241
1,123
1,340
1,140

147
151
152
177
168

1,319
1,090
971
1,164
971

90
71
71
94
87

1,745
1,663
1,861
1,881
1,744

1,516
1,481
1,670
1,662
1,550

114
108
121
142
154

1,403
1,373
1,550
1,521
1,396

229
182
191
218
194

1905 _____ - - - - - - - - - - - -1904 ______ - --- -- - ---~1903 _______ - -- -------1902 _______ - -- -- -----1901 _____ -- --- - -------

1,118
991
1,026
903
823

1,039
923
960
847
776

161
132
124
102
93

878
791
836
745
683

79
68
66
56
47

1,519
1,461
1,420
1,382
1,488

1,355
1,308
1,281
1,258
1,376

130
97
91
84
84

1,225
1,211
1,190
1,174
1,292

164
153
139
124
112

850
697
616
765
780

8Q6
664
586
729
744

104
82
94
109
117

701
582
492
620
627

44
33
30
36
36

1,394
1,227
1,231
1,051
883

1,284
1,143
1,158
986
821

91

1900 ______ - - - - -- --- --1899 _______ - - - - - - - - - -1898. ______ - - - --- --- -1897 _____ - - - - - - - - - - - -1896 _______ ~ - - - --- - - --

7!l
68
80
70

1.193
1,065
1,090
906
751

110
84
73
65
61

1895 _______ - - - - ---- --1894 _______ -- --- --- --1893 _______ - - - - --- --.1892 _____ - - - - - - - - - - - -1891 _____ - _ - - - - - - - - - --

732
655
866
827
845

699
625
822
788
804

108
122
127
139
127

591
504
695
649
677

33
30
44
40
41

808
892
848
1,030
884

758
843
804
997
853

62
74
71
81
79

695
769
733
916
774

50
49
44
33
32

1890 _____ - _- - - - - - - - - - 1889 _____ - _- -- - --- -- -1888 _____ - - - --- --- - --1887 _____ - -- - - - --- -- -1886 _______ - - -- --- ----

789
745
724
692
635

749
707
692
665
611

125
121
124
121
119

624
586
568
543
492

41
38
32
28
25

858
742
696
716
680

825
714
674
695
660

'(8
83
67
73
78

747
631
606
622
582

33
28
22
21
19

1885 _______ - - - - --- ---1884 _____ - _- - -- --- - --1883 _____ - - - - - - - - - - - - 1882 _____ ---- -- --- ---1881 _____'__ - - - - - -. - - --

578
668
723
725
643

556
648
700
702
625

113
135
136
130
134

444
513
564
572
492

21
20
23
23
17

742
741
824
751
902

718
714
799
738
894

82
99
104
97
117

636
615
694
641
777

24
27
25
12
8

1880 _____ - - - - - - - - - - - -1879 _______ - - -- -- ----1878 ________ -- -- ---- -1877 _____ - - - - - - -- ----1876 _______ - - - - :..-- - ---

668
466
467
492
477

653
454
454
481
465

149
144
146
152
143

503
310
307
330
321

15
12
13
11
12

836
737
744
702
666

830
729
736
695
660

109
128
167
165
168

721
601

570
530
492

1875 ____ - - - - - - - - - - - - -1874 _____ - - -- - - --- - --18,73 _____ - _- - - - - - - - - - 1872 ____ - - - - - - - - - - - - -1871 _____ - - - - - - - - - - - --

554
596
664
640
541

541
581
647
623
526

158
176
175
177
163

383
405
472
445
363

13
15
17
18
15

666
717
677
572
591

658
708
666
562
583

156
174
172
168
190

502
534
495
394
393

1870 _______ - - - - -.-----1869 ______ - - - - - - - - - - -1868 _______ -- - ------ -1867 _____ - _ - - - - - - -- --1866 ____ - - - - - -- - -- - ---

462
437
372
418
446

462
437
372
418
446

153
137
123
117
112

309 ---------- .. 301 -----------249 -----------301 -----------333 _.... _---------

530
439
477
461
565

530
439
477
461
565

200
153
175
181
214

330 ------_ ... ---286 -- .. ----_ ... 302 -- ... _-------281 ---- ...... _... ---352 ------- .. ----

1865 ____ - - - - -- --- ----1864 _____ - - - - - -- -----1863 _____ -- - - --- --- --1862 _____ - - --- - - - ----1861 _______ - - - - - --- ---

249
330
253
206
336

249
330
253
206
336

74
81
110
92
202

174 -----------248 -----------143 _... _... -_ .. ----113 -----------134, ------------

356
340
332
230
249

356
340
332
230
249

93
103
132
125
180

263
237
200
105

1860 ____ - -- - -- - - -----1859 _______ --- -- - -- - -1858 _____ - _- - - - - - - - - -1857 _____ - - - - - - - - - - - -1856 ____ - - - - - - - - - - - - --

362
339
283
361
315

362
339
283
361
315

228
216
204
259
250

------------

-----------------------

400
357
325
363
327

400
357
325
363
327

279
250
243
251
232

121 ---_ .. ------107 -- --_._-----81 -----------112 -'" -- ... -- ----95 ---_ .. -------

1855 _____ - - -------- --1854 ____ - -- - - - - - - - - --1853 _____ - ---- -- -----1852 _____ - - - - ------ - -1851 __ '___ - - - - - - - - - - - --

261
305
268
213
216

261
305
268
213
216

202
215
192
155
164

59 -----------86 ------_ ........... -76 - ----------53 -----------53 ------------

275
276
231
210
218

275
276
231
210
218

203
191
155
139
152

72 _.. _--------84 ---- ... ------76 _... _--------70 --------_ ... _66 ------------

1850 ____ - - - - - - - -- -- --1849 ____ - - - -- -- ---- - -1848 _____ - _---------~1847 _______ -- -- - - - ---1846 ____ - - _- - - - - - - - - --

l78
148
155
147
122

178
148
155
147
122

140
120
129
113
106

38 -----------27 -----------26 -----------33 -----------16 ------------

152
146
154
159
113

152
146
154
159
113

100
101
110
100
87

52 --_ .. _---- --45 -----------44 -------_ ... _-54 --_ .... -----_ ...
27 ---- _... --- ---

1845 _______ - - - - - - - - - -1844 _____ - _- - -- - --- --1843 __ - - - - _- - - - - - -- --1842 ____ - - -- - -- - - - ---1841 _______ - ----------

117
108
65
1.00
128

117
108
65
100
128

102
94
50
89
113

15 -----------14 ---------- ... 15 -----------11 -----------15 ------------

115
111
84
105
122

115
111
84
105
122

87
78
65
80
95

28 -----------33 ...... _-_ ... _----19 -------_ .. ...


25 --_ ... _.. _--- ... 27 ------------

134
123
79
102
65

-----------------------

7
8
7
6

..

10
8

_-

69

------------

------_ ... _------~---------_ .. -------- ----_ ... ----

-_

See footnotes on next page.

217
748706-49-15

7
9
11

Data: K 158-169

TRANSPORTATION

Series K 158-167.-CARRIAGE OF FOREIGN TRADE-VALUE OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS


(INCLUDING REEXPORTS) OF MERCHANDISE: 1790 TO 1935-Con.
[ In millions oC dollars. Includes gold and silver coin and bullion to 1879, inclusive. Also includes all waterborne foreign commerce of ports on the Great Lakes 1
IMPORTS, VALUE

EXPORTS (INCLUDING REEXPORTS), VALUE

By water (including by land


1790 to 1870) 2
Total

YEAR 1

158

Total by
water

In American
vessels

In foreign
vessels

159

150

161

1840 _________________ _
1839 _________________ _
1838 _________________ _
1837 _________________ _
1836 _________________ _

107
162
114
141
190

107
162
114
141
190

171

1835 _________________ 183L _______________ - 183.3 _________________ _


1832 _________________ _
1831 _________________ _

150
127
108
101
103

150
127
108
101
103

135
114
98
90
94

71
74
89
79
85

71
74
89
79
85

66
69
82
75
81

1830 _________________ _
1829 ________________
~_

i~~~======== == ~= == ==

1826 _________________
_=
=

96
81
78
83
63

96
81
78
83
63

1820 _________________ _
1819 _________________ _
1818 _________________ _
1817 _________________ _
1816 ______ __________ _

74
87
122
99
147

74
87
122
99
147

67
67
103
78
107

1815 _________________ _
1814 _________________ _
1813 __ ~ ______________ _
1812 _________________ _
1811 _________________ _

113
13
22

113

77

77

53

53

87
8
16
65
48

1810 _________________ _
1809 _________________ _
1808 _________________ _
1807 _______________ '__ _
1806 ______________ '___ _

85
59
57
139
129

85
59
57
139
129

79
52
53
130
120

1805 _________________ _
1804 ___ _____________ _
1803 _________________ _
1802 _______ ________ _
1801 _________________ _

121
85
65
76

111

121
85
65
76
111

112
77
56
67
101

180o _________________ _
1799 _________________ _
179lL ________________ _
1797 ________ '- ________ _
1796'_________________ _

91
79
69
75
81

91
79
69
75
81

83
71
62
69
77

1795 _________________ _
1794 _________________ _
1793 _________________ _
1792 ________ ________ _
1791 _________________ _
1790 _________________ _

31

70
35

70
35
31
32
29
23

64
51
26
21

~~

32
29
23

Total

163

77

58

5
4
4
5
6
6
5
7
20
18
21
40
26
5
6
125

___________ _

___________ _

___________ _

3
6
10
12
14

17
9

Data as of Sept. 30 for 1790 throu~h 1842; as of June 30 for 1843 through 1915;
thereafter as of Dec. 3l.
s Fi~ures for 1790-1820 estimated by Guetter and McKinley by application of
J. R. Soley's series on "Percent American" to total imports and exports of merchandise and specie. See text note.
S Includes parcel post beginning 1921.
1

In foreign
vessels

164

165

166

132
121
108

117

117

129

129

122
104
90
87
81

122
104
90
87
81

94
78
68
66
66

74
72
72
82
78

74
72
72
82
78

64
62
61
72
70

100
76
75
72
65

100
76
75
72
65

89
67
65
61
55

70
70
93
88
82

70
70
93
88
82

62
58
75
65
56

53
7
28
39
61

53
7
28
i1

37
4
18
31
53

67
52
22
108
102

67
52
22
108
102

60
44
20
98
90

96
78
56
72
93

96
78
55
72
93

85
67
46
61
81

71
79
61
51
59

71
79
61
51
59

62
68
53
45
53

48
33
26
21
19
20

48
33
26
21
19
20

42
28
20
13
10
8

___________ _

8
6
6
5
6 ___________ _

In American
vessels

106
95
89
91
97

___________ _

7
4
8
9
8 ___________ _
8
9
9
10
8 ___________ _

Total by
water

132
121
108

92
75
72

13
22

By water (including by land


1790 to 1870) 2

11

19
18
15 ___________ _
13
10
11
9
-4 ___________ _
5

'","

162
14 ___________ _
18

S5
144
104
122

1825 _________________ _
1824 _________________ _
1823 _________________ _
1822 _________________ _
1821 _________________ _

By land
or air I

:a9

By land
or air ~

167
26 ___________ _
26
19
26
32
28 ___________ _
27
22
21
16
10 ___________ _
10
11
10
8

11 ___________ _
9
9

11
10
8 ___________ _
13
19
23
26
15 ___________ _
:3
10
8
9
7 ___________ _

8
8
11

11
11 ___________ _
11
9

11
12
,9

___________ _

10
8
6
6
6 ___________ _

5
6
8
9
12

Includes parcel post beginning 1924.


I As of June 30. Fi~reB (in millions of dollars) for July-Dec. are as follows:
Series K 168, 918; series K 169, 817; series K 160, 179; series K 161,1588; series
K 162, 96; series K 168, 1,820; serietl K 164, 1,625; series K 165, 200; series K 166
1,426; aeries K 167, 196.

Series K 168-169.-CANALS-TON-MILEAGE, NEW YORK STATE CANALS, RIVERS, AND


RAILROADS: 1853 TO 1898
rIn milIlons oC ton-miles]
YEAR

Canals
and rivers

Railroads

168

169

1898 _________ _
1897 _________ _
1896 _________ _

770
870
970

14,439
12,519
12,782

1895 _________ _
1894 _________ _
1893 _________ _
1892 _________ _
1891. ________ _

890
1,070
1,190
1,070.
1,120

11,167
10,542
11,526
12,044
10,259

1890 _________ _
1889 _________ _
1888 _________ _
1887. ________ _

1,310
1,290
1,210
1,450

9,940
9,061
8,266
8,022

218

Canals
and rivers

Railroads

168

169

1886 ________ _

1,410

7,369

1885 ________ _
1884 ________ _
1883 ________ _
1882 ________ _
1881. _______ _

1,180
1,180
1,420
1,350
1,300

6,491
6,322
6,327
5,796
6,020

1880 ________ _
1879 ________ _
1878 ________ _
1877. _______ _
1876 ________ _

1,833
1,455
1,483
1,205

5,117
4,700
3,827
3,333
3,249

YEAR

934

Canals
and rivers

Railroads

168

169

1875 _________ _
1874 _________ _
1873 _________ _
1872 _________ _
1871. ________ _

1,117
1,421
1,564
1,594
1,575

2,917
2,941
2,571
2,260
1,785

1870 _________ _
1869 _________ _
1868 _________ _
1867 _________ _
1866 _________ _

1,378
1,384
1,518
1,262

1,507

1,667
1,406
'1,050
985
867

1865 _________ _
1864 _________ _

1,255
1,291

706
808

YEAR

YEAR

Canals
and rivers

Railroads

168

169

1863 _________ _
1862 _________ _
1861. ________ _

1,524
1,633
1,311

1860 _________ _
1859 _________ _
1858 _________ _
1857 _________ _
1856 _________ _

1,232
862
861
726
910

327
332
348

1855 _________ _
1854. ________ _
1853 _________ _

904
1,002
1,075

171

790
708

531
453

334

264
229

Data: K 170-173

SHIPPING AND WATER TRAFFIC

Series K 170-17I.-CANALS-TONNAGE MOVED ON NEW YORK STATE CANALS: 1837 TO 1945


[ In short tons of 2,000 pounds 1

YEAR

All canals
170

Erie
division,
freight
originating

YEAR

All canals

171

1945 ______
2,968,682
1944 ______
2,506,840
1943 ______ . 2,824,160
1942 ______
3,539,101
194L _____
4,503,059

1,665,447
1,729,448
2,166,393
2,760,596
3,512,829

1940 ______
1939 ______
1938 ______
1937 ______
1936 ______

4,768,160
4,689,037
4,709,488
5,010,464
5,014,206

3,587,086
3,643,782
3,349,250
4,173,700
4,220,397

1935 ______
1934 ______
1933 ______
1932 ______
193L _____

4,489,172
4,142,728
4,074,002
3,643,433
3,722,012

3,898,506
3,645,125
3,574,951
3,186,094
3,277,936

1930 ______
1929 ______
1928 ______
1927. _____
1926 ______

.3,605,457
2,876,160
3,089,998
2,581,892
2,369,367

3,044,271
2,422,204
2,535,684
2,047,774
1,935,278

1925 ______
1924 ______
1923 ______
1922 ______
192L _____

2,344,013
2,032,317
2,006,284
1,873,434
1,270,407

1,945,466
1,691,766
1,626,062
1,485,109
993,639

1920 ______
1919 ______
1918 _____

1,421,434
1,238,844
1,159,270

891,221
842,164
667,374

170

Erie
division,
freight
originating

All canals

YEAR

Erie
division,
freight
originating

170

171

1917 _____
1916: ____

1,297,225
1,625,050

675,083
917,689

1915 _____
1914- ____
1913 _____
1912 _____
191L ____

1,858,114
2,080,850
2,602,035
2,606,116
3,097,068

1,155,235
1,361,764
1,788,453
1,795,069
2,031,735

1910 _____
1909 _____
1908 _____
190L ____
1906 _____

R ,073 ,412
3,116,536
3,051,877
3,407,914
3,540,907

2,023,185
2,031,307
2,177,443
2,415,548
2,385,491

1905 _____
1904 _____
1903 _____
1902 _____
1901. ____

3,226,896
3,138,547
3,615,385
3,274,610
3,420,613

1,999,824
1,945,708
2,414,018
2,105,876
2,257,035

1900 _____
1899 _____
1898 _____
1897 _____
1896 _____

3,345,941
3,686,051
3,360,063
3,617,804
3,714,894

2,145,876
2,419,084
2,338,020
2,584,906
2,742,438

1895 _____
1894 _____
1893 _____
1892 _____
189L __ ,-_

3,500,314
3,882,560
4,331,963
4,281,995
4,563,472

2,356,084
3,144,144
3,,235,726
2,978,832
3,097,853

5,246,102
5,370,369
4,942,948
5,553,805
5,293,982

3,303,929
3,673,554
3,321,516
3,840,513
3,808,642

1885 ______
1884 ______
1883 ______
1882 ______
188L _____

4,731,784
5,009,488
5,664,056
5,467,423
5;179,192

3,208,207
3,389,555
3,587,102
3,694,364
3,598,721

1880 ______
1879 ______
1878 ______
1877 ______
1876 ______

6,457,656
5,362,372
5,171 ,320
4,955,963
4,172,129

4,608,651
3,820,027
3,608,634
3,254,367
2,418,422

1875 ______
1874- _____
1873 ______
1872 ______
187L _____

4,859,858
5,804,588
6,364,782
6,673,370
6,467,888

2,787,226
3,097,122
3,602,535
3,562,560
3,580,922

1870 ______
1869 ______
1868 ______
1867 ______
1866 ______

6,173,769
5,859,080
6,442,225
5,688,325
5,775,220

3,083,132
2,845,072
3,346,986
2,920,578
2,896,027

4,729,654
4,852,941

2,523,490
2,535,792

1864 ______

All canals

Erie
division,
freight
originating

170

171

1863 ______
1862 ______
186L _____

5,557,692
5,598,785
4,507,635

2,955,302
3,204,277
2,500,782

1860 ______
1859 ______
1858 ______
1857 ______
1856 ______

4,650,214
3,781,684
3,665,192
3,344,061
4,116,082

2,253,533
1,753,954
1,767,004
1,566,624
2,107,678

1855 ______
1854 ______
1853 ______
1852 ______
185L _____

4,022,617
4,165,862
4,247,853
3,863,441
3,582,733

2,202,463
2,224,008
2,196,308
2,129,334
1,955,265

1850 ______
1849 ______
1848 ______
1847. _____
1846 ______

3,076,617
2,894,732
2,796,230
2,869,810
2,268,662

1,635,089
1,622,444
1,599,965
1,661,575
1,264,408

1845 ______
1844- _____
1843 ______
1842 ______
184L _____

1,977,565
1,816,586
1,513,439
1,236,931
1,521,661

1,038,700
945,944
819,216
712,310
906,442

1840 ______
1839 ______
1838 ______
1837 ______

1,416,046
1,435,713
1,333,011
1,171,296

829,960
845,007
744,848
667,151

171

189o ______
1889 ______
1888 ______
1887 ______
1886 ______

1865_~_:.. __

YEAR

Series K 172-173.-FEDERAL EXPENDITURES-LIGHT STATIONS, BEACONS, BUOYS, ETC.,


AND RIVERS AND HARBORS: 1791 TO 1882
NET EXPENDITURES FOR-

YEAR

Light
stations,
beacon15,
buoys, etc.

Rivers and
harbors

172

173

1882 _________ $2,392,147 $11 ,624,132


1881. ________ 2,642,669
9,071,637
1880 _________ 2,426,371
8,080,166
1879 _________ 2,343,639
8,267,194
1878 _________ 2,193,893
3,791,061
1877 _________ 2,367,221
4,655,276
1876 _________ 2,703,280
5,736,433
1875 _________
2,925,354
6,433,945
1874. __ ;.. _____
5,704,365
2,493,182
1873 _________ 2,910,962
6,311 ,638
1872 _________
3,166,672
4,962,107
1871 _________ 2,675,323
4,421,405
1870 _________
1869 _________
1868 _________
1867 _________
1866 _________
1865~ ________
1864 _________
1863 _________
1862 _________
186L ________

1860 _________

2,582,204
1,910,674
2,590,102
2,176,632
1,370,396

3,527,721
3,545,320
3,457,169
1,216,630
294,581

1,215,917
948,160
873,231
661,371
894,303

304,411
101,960
64,788
37,286
172,064

994,094

228,291

NET ElXPBNDITURES FORYEAR

Light
stations,
beacons,
buoys, etc.

Rivers and
harbors

172

173

1859 ________ $1,257,619


1858 ________
1,925,845
1857 ________ 2,001,475
1856 ________
1,754,808

$290,324
426,924
268,009
161,135

NET EXPENDITURES FORYEAR

Light
stations,
beacons,
buoys, etc.

Rivers and
harbors

172

173

1835 _________
1834 _________
1833 _________
1832 _________
183L ________

$350,469
296,792
313,810
256,642
320,719

$568,791
597,790
703,941
538,079
652,213

1830 _________
1829 _________
1828 _________
1827 _________
1826 _________

233,113
277,274
253,728
306,918
188,941

573,779
524,127
187,505
136,319
87,049
39,844
25,842
99
530

1855 ________
1854 ________
1853 ________
1852 ________
185L _______

1,836,058
1,310,978
956,026
710,754
750,465

791,172
936,538
489,027
39,915
69,581

1850 ________
1849 ________
1848 ________
1847 ________
1846 ________

909,133
630,191
652,340
514,892
403,127

41,532
26,002
23,656
44,206
218,695

1825 _________
1824 _________
1823 _________
1822 _________
182L ________

1845 ________
1844 ________
1843 ________
1842 ________
184L _______

183,554
153,420
207,913
144,991
149,440

443,659
287,089
187,179
397,659
458,372

528,720
313,137
111 ,354
82,312
79,121

1820 _________
1819 _________
1818 _________
1817 _________
1816 _________

1840 ________
1839 ________
1838 ________
183L _____ ~_
1836 ________

594,628
770,257
476,920
414,009
343,561

144,917
779,816
1,053,731
1,361,795
869,302

163,656 -----------115,351 -----------162,068 -----------122,187 -----------108,370 ------------

1815 _________
1814 _________
1813 _________
1812 _________

48,817
78,961
128,144
126,603

...

_---------

---------------------------------------------

YEAR

Net
expemlitures for
light
stations,
beacons,
buoys, etc.
112

1811. __________

$114,971

1810 ___________
1809 ___________
1808 ___________
1807 ___________
1806 ___________

94,038
83,141
90,052
86,583
88,994

1805 ___________
1804 ___________
1803 __________ .
1802 ___________
1801. __________

122,030
93,776
75,788
68,929
81,430

1800 ___________
1799 ___________
1798 ___________
1797 ___________
1796 ___________

40,634
69,509
52,906
48,174
35,207

1795 ___________
1794 ___________
1793 ___________
1792 ___________
1791. __________

29,861
37,496
12,062
38,976
22,592

219

TRANSPORTATION

Data: K 174-188

Series K 174-175.-PUBLIC ROADS-SURFACED ROADS, 1793 TO 1926; AtJD FEDERAL


EXPENDITURES FOR ROADS AND CANALS, 1802 TO 1882
[Mileage estimates prior to 1904, computed from expenditures data. See text note 1
SURFACED ROADS
YEAR

Estimated Surveyed J

1926 _________ _

174

175

174

176

Miles

Miles
550,000

1892 ________ _
189L _______ _

M-iles
108,950
107,550

Dollars

1890 ________ _
1889 ________ _
1888 ________ _
1887 ________ _
1886 ________ _

106,200
105,000
103,800
102,600
101,500

1885 ________ _
1884 ________ _
1883 ________ _
1882 ________ _
1881. _______ _

100,500
99,500
98,600
97,754
97,273

96,311
225,286

1880 ________ _
1879 ________ _
1878 ________ _
1877 ________ _
1876 ________ _

96,146
95,624
95,342
95,292
95,198

104,414
56,586
9,851
18,765
33,935

1925 ___________________ _
1924 ___________________ _
1923 ___________________ _
1922 ___________________ _
1921 ___________________ _

521,000
472,000
439,000
412,000
387,000

1920 ___________________ _
1919 ___ ____ ___ _________ _
1918 ___________________ _
1917 ___________________ ._
1916 ___________________ _

369,122
350,484
331,845
313,207
294,569

1915 _________ .. ______ __ _


1914 ___________________ _
1913 ___________________ _
1912 _____ . _____________ _
1911 ___________________ _

275,930
257,292
243,929
230,566
217,202

1910 _________ _
1909 _____ . ___ _
1908 _________ _
1907 _________ _
________ _

203,839
190,476
183,086
175,697
168,308

1905 ________ ~_
1904- ________._
1903 _________ _
1902 _________ _
1901. ________ _

160,919
153,530
144,200
138,000
132,800

1900 _________ _
1899 _________ _
1898 _________ _
1897. ________ _
1896 _________ _

128,500
124,700
121,500
118,500
116,100

1895 _________ _
1894 _________ _
1893 _________ _

114,000
112,100
110,500

1906~

YEAR

Surfaced Federal net


roads,
expendiestimated, tures, roads
and canals

1875 ________ _
1874 ________ _
1873 ________ _
1872 ________ _
187L _______ _

95,029
94,470
94,047
93,184
92,597

111,660
84,607
172,600
117,509
66,432

1870 ________ _
1869 ________ _
1868 ________ _
1867 ________ _
1866 ________ _

92,265
92,113
91,955
91,827
91,649

30,309
31,583
25,589
35,610
111,134

1865 ________ _
1864 ________ _
1863 ________ _
1862 ________ _
1861. _______ _

91,094
89,737
89,631
89,551
89,397

271,222
21,311
15,876
30,870
220,207

1860 ________ _
1859 ________ _

88'296.1
85,523

554,625
356,054

Surfaced Federal net


roads,
expendiestimated tures, roads
and canals

YEAR

Surfaced Federal net


roads,
expendiestimated tures, roads
and canals

YEAR

1----1

176

174

174

1858 _________ _
1857 _________ _
1856 _________ _

Miles
83,743
80,395
77,701

Dollars
669;'613
538,722
390,588

1855 _________ _
1854 _________ _
1853 _________ _
1852 _________ _
1851. ________ _

75,748
73,894
72,897
71,974
71,408

370,851
199,371
184,656
113,070
73,986

1850 _________ _
1849 _________ _
1848 _________ _
1847 _________ _
1846 _________ _

71 ,038
69,862
69,393
68,940
67,671

235,386
93,710
90,488
253,817
43,738

1845 _________ _
1844 _________ _
1843 _________ _
1842 _________ _
1841 _________ _

67,453
67,268
66,651
65,967
64,667

36,891
123,463
136,810
259,932
47,893

1840 _________ _
1839 _________ _
1838 _________ _
1837 _________ _
1836" ________ _

64,428
356,785
62,644
396,812
60,660
457,497
58,372
944,259
53,6511,217,726

1835 _________ _
1834- ________ _
1833 _________ _
1832 _________ _
1831. ________ _

47,562
46.396
37; 064
31,797
28,323

1,233,185
866,561
1,053,264
694,849
362,607

1830 _________ _
1829 _________ _
1828 _________ _
1827 _________ _
1826 _________ _

26,510
23,316
19,405
17,399
15,950

638,888
782,120
401,183
351,964
562,987

176

1825 _________ _
1824 _________ _
1823 _________ _
1822 _________ _
182L ________ _

Miles
14,600
13,400
12,350
11,35_0
10,500

Dollars
362,697
109,895
38,026
40,913
84,373

1820 _________ _
1819 _________ _
1818 _________ _
1817 _________ _
1816 _________ _

9,645
8,910
8,200
7,600
7,000

146,950
510,205
349,057
360,639
108,596

1815 _________ _
1814- ________ _
1813 _________ _
1812 _________ _
181L ________ _

6,500
6,000
5,500
5,050
4,650

114,491
73,325
77,789
67,688
30,869

1810 _________ _
1809 _________ _
1808 _____ ___ _
1807 _________ _
1806 _________ _

4,250
3,900
3,500
3,150
2,850

56,192
2,777
11,241
11,574
2,310

1805 _________ _
1804- ________ _
1803 _________ _
1802 _________ _
180L ________ _

2,550
2 ,250 ----3~3832,000
1,682
1,700
200
1,450 _________ _

1800 _________ _
1799 _________ _
1798 _________ _
1791- ________ _
1796 _________ _

1,200
950
750
525
300
62 _________ _
31

1795 _________ _
1794- ________ _
1793 _________ _

For continuation of series to 1945, see series K 182.

Series K 177-188.-PUBLIC ROADS-EXISTENT MILEAGE, AND MILEAGE BUILT BY STATE


HIGHWAY DEPARTMENTS: 1921 TO 1945
SURFACED RURAL
ROADS!

ALL EXISTENT RURAL ROADS

State-administered highways
County and
Total
Urlilan ex- other local surfaced
Primary Secondaryl tensions
roads 2

BUILT BY STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT a

On roads under State control ii

Under
State
control

Total
mileage
built 5

Total

Earth
roads

High-type
surface

Low-type
surface

183

184

185

186

187

188

YEAR

Total
mileage

1945 _. _____________ _
1944 _______________ _
1943 _______________ _
1942 _______________ _
1941 _______________ _

'1,000
miles
3,045
3,037
3,037
3,035
3,035

1,000
miles
339
335
333
334
332

1,000
miles
202
200
200
199
196

1,000
miles
33
32
32
31
30

1,000
miles
2,471
2,470
2,472
2,471
2,477

1,000
miles
1,527
1,461
1,452
1,436
1,413

1,000
miles
483
476
474
468
459

Miles
15,278
15,080
15,971
19,673
32,634

Miles
14,827
13,924
14,692
18,081
30,554

Miles
250
289
458
1,038
1,343

Miles
3,971
3,925
4,446
4,170
6,304

Miles
10,606
9,710
9,788
12,873
22,fJ07

1940 _______________ _
1939 _______________ _
1938 _______________ _
1937 _______________ _
1936 _______________ _

3,017
3,007
2,992
2,982
3,006

329
328
327
327
340

195
194
194
189
177

27
27
24
22
19

2,466
2,458
2,447
2,444
2,470

1,367
1,318
1,276
1,232
1,175

'449
437
425
409
393

32,594
32,996
36,328
35,627
32,274

29,695
30,671
34,604
28,945
32,274

1,423
1,720
1,187.
1,828
3,361

5,223
5,021
5,757
6,532
4,706

23,049
23,930
27,660
20,585
24,207

1935 _______________ _
1934 _______________ _
1933 _______________ _
1932 _______________ _
1931. ______________ _

3,050
3,050
3,029
3,040
3,036

332
325
346
358
329

173
170
135
84
45

18
16

2,527
2,539
2,548
2,598
2,662

1,980
992
914
879
830

374
361
311
292
258

26,814
41,730
33,471
35,971
44,634

26,814
41,730
33,471
35,971
44,63.4

3,284
5,917
6,258
6,394
10,095

3,806
6,386
7,412
10,009
12,513

19,724
29,427
19,801
19,568
22,026

1930 _______________ _
1929 _______________ _
1928 _______________ _
1927 _______________ _
1926 _______________ _

3,009
3,024
3,016
3,013
3,000

324
314
306
293
288

2,685
2,710
2,710
2,720
2,712

694
662
626
589
550

227
208
193
177
163

35,277
32,522
29,252
26,723
26,552

35,277
32,522
29,252
26,723
26,552

7,813
7,451
8,675
7,151,
7,060

10,787
8,847
8,748
6,733
6,132

16,677
16,224
11 ,829
12,839
13,360

1925 _______________ _
1924 _______________ _
1923 _______________ _
1922 _______________ _
1921. ______________ _

3,006
3,004
2,996
2,960
2,925

275
261
252
227
203

2,731
2,743
2,744
2,733
2,722

521
472
439
412
387

145
132
III
97
84

23,152
23,164
20,311

23,152
23,164
20,311

5,316
5,957
5,814

6,686
6,697
5,628

11,150
10,510
8,869

177

2
3
j

178

Includes county roads under State control.


Includes roads in forests, parks, etc.
Includes State highway extensions within cities.
For figures back to 1904, see series K 175.

. 220

179

181

180

182

5 Beginning in 1937, includes special construction defined as mileage built by


State Highway Departments on county and local roads not under State control,
on city streets other than urban extensions of State highway system, on forest,
park, and institutional roads, etc.

Data: K 189-204

ROAD TRANSPORTATION

Series K 189-191b.-PUBLIC ROADS-FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS: 1917 TO 1945


COST 3

MILES OF HIGHWAY

Total
existent

YEAR

189

Completed
during
year 2

Total

Federal
funds

State
funds

190

191

191a

191b

232,772
231,176.
231,261
230,682
235,239

1940 ______
1939 ______ .
1938 ______
1937 ______
1936 ______

234,112
226,947
224,615
221,130
218,732

11 ,549
11,776
11,766
21,330
12,258

269,216,254
305,768,875
308,910,250
520 ,798 ,487
238,139,671

149,724,230
176,145,495
183,451,770
348,295,953
224,960 ,884

119,492,024
129,623,380
125,458,480
172,502,534
13,178,787

1935 ___ .___


1934 ______
1933 ______

214,000
207,231
206,277

12,811
21,203
18,219

242,419,562 218,112,360
358,084,651 310,833,927
263,636,020 2~3 ,178,000

24,307,202
47,250,724
40,458,020

Completed
during
year 2

Total

189

190

191

1932 _____
193L ____

200,013
196,877

10,855 $205,286,749 $95,387,607 $109 ,899,142


15,902 325,105,159 227,814,430 97,290,729

1930 _____
1929 _____
1928 _____
1927 _____
1926 _____

193,049
188,857
187,753
185,772
182,135

10,339
8,581
9,756
10,220
10,723

236,520,217
196,652,110
195,912,316
189,348,068
214,514,355

1925 _____
1924 _____
1923 _____
1922 _____
1917-1921

178,797
171,687
111 ,699

11 ,001
10,946
7,494
11,188
12,919

220,921,440 100,030,331 120,891,109


205,006,882 92,911 ,419 112,095,463
129,591,929 57,083,453 72,508,476
185,660,120 79,884,635 105,775,485
221,739,710 95,054,171 126 ,G85, 539

3,035 $101,036,565 $76,484,615 $24,551,950


4,473 135,059,514 108,962,053 26,097,461
7,753 272,655,530 219 ,010 ,151 53,645,379
6,898 225,949,378 143,130,246 82,819,132
9,734 273,749,222 148,021,248 125,727,974

Total existing mileage of Federal-aid primary system.


Includes construction and reconstruction mileage.

Total
existent

YEAR

1945 ______
1944- _____
1943 ______
1942 ______
1941- _____

COST S

MILES OF HIGHWAY

Data are for fiscal year.

------------

------------

Beginning in 1933, includes money

sp~nt

Ji'ederal
funds

State
fu.nds

191a

191b

99,838,883
79,616,942
83,442,675
83,984,378
92,824,002

136 ,681 ,334


117,035,168
112,469,641
105 ,363 ,690
121,690,353

on public works and defense highways.

Series K 193-204.-PUBLIC ROADS-STATE HIGHWAY FINANCES: 1890 TO 1945


[In thousands of dollars]
State
ALLOCATION OF NET RECIJlIPTS FROM STATE
property
Federal
IMPOSTS ON HIGHWAY USERS
taxes and
funds
other rev- received
enuesused by States
Total,
For State For local
For nonfor
for
highway roads and highway
net funds
highway highways 1 distributed
purposes
purposes
streets
purposes I

YEAR

DISBURSEMENTS FOR STATE HIGHWAY PURPOSES

State highway
Total

Construction

Maintenance

Adminis- . Interest
trative,
on State
highway
patrol, and highway
oblimisc.
gations
expenses

State
highway
debt
()utstanding 1

196

197

198

199

200

201

1945 _____ _________


1944 _______________
1943 ___________ - - __
1942 _______________
1941- ___________ - __

86,904
42,303
69,882
48,314
82,922

59,964
91,918
152,189
154,930
166,862

1,186,220
1,092,338
1,073,123
1,275,335
1,402,432

770,705
664,898
631,095
729,393
833,289

315,681
288,938
286,573
341,777
354,104

99,834
138,502
155,455
204,165
215,039

621,837
588,211
609,201
746,382
896,359

209,327
209,432
265,395
398,400
518;065

280,270
253,582
220,406
211 ,683
229,264

82,267
70,583
65,122
76,185
83,305

49,973
54,614
58,278
60,114
65,725

1,417,455
1,569,876
1,641,823
1,734,090
1,845,518

1940 _______________
1939 _______________
1938 _______________
1937 _______________
1936 __________ - -- --

104,302
98,943
92,781
109,641
139,273

180,889
190,210
196,826
262,762
346,281

1,274,389
1,182,438
1,131,781
1,153,625
1,020,053

754,479
698,899
693,676
710,767
585,213

323,331
301,885
280,589
279,776
265,496

196,579
181,654
157,516
163,082
169,344

885,166
823,098
908,525
930,865
948,799

522,785
470,541
529,822
561,010
607,284

215,093
208,340
229,071
221,075
219,202

81,460
75,558
79,954
78,502
55,851

65,828
68,659
69,678
70,278
66,462

1,934,148
1,945,756
2,008,571
2,001,973
1,.983,191

1935 _______________
1934 ____________ - __
1933 _______________
1932 ___________ - --193 L ______________

95,583
74,422
79,494
184,772
234,669

219,'381
354,812
223,586
138,857
218,383

908,676
854,742
788,082
817,644
858,655

523,399
509,897
502,954
550,465
639,076

238,134
222,695
193,551
190,432
195,979

147,143
122,150
91,577
76,747
23,600

714,294
844,844
783,606
855,953
993,682

416,402
554,278
511,973
551,446
730,955

184,458
178,999
167,911
169,479
160,980

45,506
44,264
34,916
65,736
39,885

67,918
67,303
68,806
69,292
61,862

1,950,588
1,930,521
1,935,772
1,907,635
1,748,167

1930 _______________
1929 _______________
1928 _______________
1927 _______________
1926 _______________

341,651
318,504
274,776
236,956
235,191

94,111
77,952
81,252
80,160
79,163

829,822
760,724
611 ,007
544,314
459,535

627,855
579,863
471,480
421,166
348,633

181,807
166,164
127,481
114,355
103,999

20,160
14,697
12,046
8,793
6,903

1,003,274
822,309
766,676
640,495
576,017

713,117
557,401
538,043
404,217
356,175

191,684
173,060
159,808
138,784
125,617

47,805
46,014
31,875
62,213
60,535

50,668
45,834
36,950
35,281
33,690

1,490,685
1,356,784
1,133,973
1,041,413
887,385

1925 _______________
1924 _______________
1923 __ ____________
1922 _______________
1921- ___________ - --

283,071
239,799
231,283
311 ,859
239,436

92,180
92,970
73,309
79,741
77,457

393,738

300,628

85,931

7,179

597,902
559,601
414,807
410,901
398,892

389,327
382,336
279,993
287,461
298,813

119,304
104,806
75,329
75,341
64,833

61,110
50,958
41,963
32,046
24,829

28,161
21,501
17,522
16,052
10,417

796,137
683,171
570,360
477.024
376,755

320,507
201,224
118,883
98,179
74,496

2240,340
124,981
71 ,913
61,624
49,884

258,468
53,093
34,975
27,649
18,453

21,699
23,150
11 ,995
8,906
6,159

80,515
75,020

55,986
53,880

19,254
14,527

5,275
6,613

193
~

1920 _______________
1919 _____________ -_
1918 ____________ - -1911- ______________
1916 ____________ - -1915 _______________
1914- ______________

194

195

---------- ---------- ---------- ------------.------ ---------- -----.---- ------------------- -.-----.-- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------- ------------------- 261,966 ---------- ---------- - ... -------- ---------11,730 ---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------2,109 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

---------- ----------

---------- ----------

---------- ----------

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

YEAR

State highway debt


outstanding I

State highway debt


outstanding

YEAR

204
1913 ___________________ _
1912 ___________________ _
1911 ___________________ _

95,273
66,457
53,239

1910 ___________________ _
1909 ___________________ _
1908 ___________________ _

38,928
32,175
24,774

YEAR

204
1907 _________________ _
1906 _________________ _
1905 _____________ : ___ _
1904 _________________ _
1903 _________________ _
1902 __________ ______ _
~

Includes relatively small amounts expended on local roads and streets.

18,727
16,434
15,431
.15,014
14,567
14,000

State highway debt


outstanding 1

202

203

-------------------

--------- ...

-------------------------------------

YEAR

1901 _________________ _

13,109
12,797
12,235
10,085
8,235
6,735

i~~~= === ============ =~


2

228,591
194,026
161,387
155,890
135,550
131,304
106,554

State highway debt


outstanding
204

204

1900 _________________ _
1899 _________________ _
1898 _________________ _

204

1895 ________ ----- - ---1894 __________ - - - - - - -1893 ________ - __ -- - ---1892 ________ --- -- ----1891 ________ --- -- - ---_

2,635
1,385
535
48
40

1890 ______ - - - - - - - - - _-_

11

Estimated.

221

TRANSPORTATION

Data: K 205-224

Series K 205-214.-PUBLIC ROAD FIl'.JAI-JCES-COU1~TY AND LOCAL R,URAL ROADS, FUNDS


CONTRIBUTED AND DISBURSED: 1921 TO 1945
[In millions of dollars. County and local data are for varying fiscal years as reported by individual States. Includes State disbursements for county and
local rural roads 1
DISBURSEMENTS

APPROXIMATE FUNDS CONTRIBUTED

YEAR

Total

County and
local rural
revenue
sources

Borrowings

State
revenues

Federal
funds

Total

Capital
outlay

Maintenance
and
administration

Debt
retirement

Interest

205

206

207

208

209

210

211

212

213

214

1945 1 ________________
1944 1________________
1943 1________________
1942 1________________
194L ______________ :.._

549
518
557
646
835

267
239
249
245
246

29
2 12
211
211
94

260
249
261
293
297

13
18
36
9'1'
19S

550
517
518
614
811

103
80
90
190
327

348
318
290
276
280

84
99
2104
153

27
35
39
44
51

1940 _________________
1939 _________________
1938 _________________
1937 _________________
1936 _________________

893
939
967
821
90S

243
246
243
238
239

(is
6~

273
257
239
236
235

309
367

86
108
56

39~

907
973
994
819
868

455
518
541
359
458

265
262
258
246
234

129
132
131
147
106

58
61
i4
67
T6

1935 _________________
1934 _________________
1933 _________________
1932 _________________
1931 _________________

624
672
521
656
793

235
248
292
380
475

60
31
24
67
109

217
122
203
190
180
25
209 - -----. - ---209 ------------

605
656
553
648
802

207
252
140
177
257

212
211
211
254
294

111
111
121
13()
1iO

82
i1
87
!,)1

1930 _________________
1929 _________________
1928 _________________
1927 _________________
1926 _________________

SOo
762
800
800
740

509
497
515
494
463

95
111
150
181
169

196 ---- .. ------154 -----------185 -----------125 -----------108 ---- ... ... ----

-_

813
751
762
748
679

297
257
282
289
2ae

321
310
297
279
255

118
Hl6
103
105
. 91

82
"1'8
80
75
67

1925 _________________
1924 _________________
1923 _________________
1922 _________________
1921 _________________

672
603
572
580
624

426
401
403
400
400

144
158
129
3150
202

102
44
40
30
22

--------------------------------------------------------

617
601
578
638
637

265
256
242
330
337

226
223
230
225
226

74
67
56
a 45
40

52
55
50
35
34

1
2

289
375

Preliminary estimate.
Excludes refunding issues.

272
2
2

15

a Estimate.

Series K 215-224.-PUBLIC ROADS-CITY AND VILLAGE STREETS, FUNDS CONTRIBUTED


AND DISBURSED: 1921 TO 1945
[ In millions of do!larfii. City and village data are for varying fiscal years, as reported by individual States. Includes State disbursements for city and village, streets 1

DISBURSEMENTS

APPROXIMATE FUNDS. CONTRIBUTED

Revenue ofYEAR

Total

215

Counties and
local rural
agencies

Urban
places

216

217

Borrowings

218

1945 _________________
1944 _________________
1943 _________________
1942 _________________
1941. ________________

332
281
272
388
475

1 19
110
113
114
1\0

1245
1220
1205
1255
295

122
16
16
116
12

1940 _________________
1939 _________________
1938 _________________
1937 _________________
1936 _________________

596
698
830
607
673

12
12
10
6
11

347
382
366
335
348

1935 _________________
1934 _________________
1933 _________________
1932 _________________
1931 _________________

490
563
433
533
736

12

1930 ______ .___________


1929 _________________
1928 _________________
1927 _________________
1926 _____________ .____

911
861
843
849
730

1925 _________________
1924 _________________
1923 _________________
1922 _________________
1921 _________________

695
573
403
376
337

Preliminary estimate.

222

(2)

(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)

(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)

(2)

State
highwayuser
imposts

Federal
work-relief
funds
(mainly

219

220

Total

Capital
outlay

Maintenance
and
administration

Interest

221

222

223

224

WPA)

46 -----------45 -----------48 -----------44


59
104
54

365
321
321
404
480

1105
174
168
1159
241

1210
1195
1199
1189
181

1 50
152
154
156
58

17
19
41
15
19

53
52
46
48
31

167
233
367
203
264

567
665
778
584
,643

344
434
541
375
401

162
175
182
155
182

61
56
55
54
60

335
337
373
474
643

17
29
13
42
73

28
103
25
172
18
29
17 -----------29 ------------

461
534
420
491
663

223
286
167
211
350

170
173
171
193
225

68
75
82
87
88

787
725
718
730
624

112
122
115

12 -----------14 -----------10 -----------4 -----------6 ------------

799
739
728
734
630

478
429
444
453
373

230
228
210

212
195

91
82
74
69
62

4 -----------113
91 ------------ ------------

582
482
403
376
337

357
285
226
213
191

171
152
140
134
126

!54
45
37
29
20

578
482
403
376
337

115
100

(~)
(~)

(2)

------------ ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------2

Information not available.

ROAD TRANSPORTATION

Data: K 225-238b

Series K 225-235.-MOTOR VEHICLES-PRODUCTION, REGISTRATIONS, AND MOTOR FUEL


USAGE: 1900 TO 1945
MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCTION

Passenger cars
YEAR

Number

Value

225

MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATION

Motor trucks

l.Jumber

226

Value

227

1,000
dollars

228

MOTOR FUEL USAGE:

Total

Automobiles

Busses

Trucks

Total

Highway

229

230

231

232

233

234

1,000
dollars

1,000
gals.

1,000
gal8.

INonhighway
235
1,000
gals.

1945 _____
1944 _____
1943 ____ ~
1942 _____
194L ____

69,532
610
139
222,862
3,779,682

260,603
2476
'109
2174,083
22,673,957

655,683
737,524
699,689
818,662
1,060,948

21,219,957
21,712,356
2 1,453,467
21,436,162
21,087,592

30,638,429
30,086,189
30,499,608
32,578,925
34,472,145

25,691,434
25,466,331
25,912,730
27,868,746
29,524,101

112,253
106,518
106,702
102,093
88,800

4,834,742
4,513,340
4,480,176
4,608,086
4,859,244

22,046,727
19,292,047
18,642,773
22,438,925
26,429,441

19,148,968
16,429,668
16,004,250
19,939,887
24,192,397

2,897,759
2,862,379
2,638,523
2,499,038
2,237,044

1940 _____
1939 _____
1938 _____
1937 _____
1936 _____

3,717,385
2,866,796
2,000,985
3,915,889
3,669,528

22,441,513
2 1,816,435
21,269,765
22,304,349
2,015,646

754,905
710,496
488,100
893,085
784,587

2 577,012
502,422
2339,227
2542,921
462,820

32,035,424
30,615,087
29,442,705
29,706,158
28,172,318

27,372,397
26,139,526
25;167,030
25,390,773
24,108,236

72,641
68,859
65,198
66,166
62,618

4,590,386
4,406,702
4,210,477
4,249,219
4,001,464

24,038,525
22,571,837
21,311,675
21,115,444
19,561,677

22,001,356
20,714,352
19,611,643
19,455,454
18,099,138

2,037,169
1,857,485
1,700,032
1,659,990
1,462,539

1935 _____
1934 _____
1933 _____
1932 _____
193L ____

3,252,244
2,177,919
1,573,512
1,135,491
1,973,090

1,709,426
1,147,116
762,737
618,291
1,111 ,274

694,690
575,192
346,545
235,187
416,648

379,408
320,144
186,069
136,193
262,418

26,229,743
24,954,004
23,876,707
24,132,609
25,862,038

22,494,884
21,472,078
20,586,284
20,832,357
22,330,402

58,994
51,530
44,918
43,476
41,880

3,675,865
3,430,396
3,245,505
3,256,776
3,489,756

17,637,580
16,557,921
15,367,905
15,427,340
16,621,261

16,344,697
15,414,896
14,348,152
14,339,151
15,456,662

1,292,883
1,143,025
1,019,753
1,088,189
1,164,599

1930 _____
1929 _____
1928 _____
1927 _____
1926 _____

2,784,745
4,587,400
3,815,417
2,936,533
3,783,987

1,645,399
2,847,119
2,576,490
2,164,671
2,640,065

571 ,241
771 ,020
543,342
464,793
516,947

389,437
566,030
437,132
420,131
452,123

26,531,999
26,502,508
24,511,683
23,139,559
22,052,559

22,972,745
23,060,421
21,308,159
20,142,120
19,220,885

40,507
33,999
31,982
27,659
24,320

3,518,747
3,408,088
3,171,542
2,969,780
2,807,354

15,777,707
15,051,036
13,090,282
11 ,936 ,896
10,552,161

14,753,911
14,139,301
12,361,460
11 ,331,326
10,063,951

1,023,796
911,735
728,822
605,570
488,210

1925 _____
1924 _____
1923 _____
1922 _____
192L ____

3,735,171
3,185,881
3,624,717
2,274,185
1,468,067

2,458,370
1,970,097
2,196,272
1,494,514
1,038,191

530,659
416,659
409,295
269,991
148,052

.458,400
318,581
308,538
226,050
166,071

19,940,724
17,612,940
15,102,105
12,273,599
10,493,666

17,439,701
15,436,102
13,253,019
10,704,076
9,212,168

17,808

2,483,215
2,176,838
1,849,086
1,569,523
1,281,608

9,143,965
7,809,186
6,313,177
5,014,035
4,064,824

8,749,075
7,497,000
6,078,000
4,841,000
3,935,000

394,890
312,186
235,177
173,035
129,824

1920 _____
1919 _____
1918 _____
1917 _____
1916 _____

1,905,560
1,651,625
943,436
1,746,792
1,525,578

1,809,171
1,365,395
801,938
1,053,506
921,378

321,789
224,731
227,250
128,157
92,130

423,249
371,423
434,169
220,983
161,000

9,239,161
7,576,888
6,160,448
5,118,525
3,617,937

8,131,522
6,679,133
6,554,952
4,727,468
3,367,889

3,346,000
2,672,000

102,164
75,030

1915 _____
1914 _____
1918 _____
1912 _____
191L ____

895,930
548,139
461,500
356,000
199,319

575,978
420,838
399,902
335,000
225,000

74,000
24,900
23,500
22,000
10,681

125,800
44,219
44,000
43,000
21,000

2,490,932
1,763,018
1,258,060
944,000
639,500

2,332,426
1,664,003
1,190,393
901,596
618,727

HHO _____
1909 _____
1908 _____
1907 _____
1906 _____

181,000
123,990
63,500
43,000
33,200

215,340
159,766
135,250
91,620
61,460

6,000
3,297
1,500
1,000
800

9,660
5,334
2,550
1,780
1,440

468,500
312,000
198,400
143,200
108,100

458,377
305,950
194,400
140,300
105,900

1905 _____
1904 _____
1903 ____ ~
1902 _____
190L ____

24,250
22,130
11,235
9,000
7,000

38,670
23,358
13,000
10,395
8,183

750
700

1,330
1 ~273

78,800
55,290
32,920
23,000
14,800

77,400
54,590
32,920
23,000
14,800

1900 _____

4,192

4,899

8,000

8,000

------------ ----------------------- ----_._---------------- ----------------------- ------------

1 A substantial portion consists of chassis only. Includes busses, station wagons,


fire apparatus, street sweepers, and other special purpose vehicles.

------_ ... -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------

1,107,639
3,448,164
897,755
2,747,030
606,498 -----------391,057
250,048 ------------

------ .. ----- ----------------------- -.---------------------- ----------------------- .................. --- ----------------------- .... -- --- -- --- ----------_ ..
------------ ------------ ----------------------- ------------ ----------------------- ------------ ----------------------- ------------ ----------------------- - - - - - - _. - - -,----.------- --.--------- --- -------------------- ------------ ---.------------------- ------------ --- -------------------- ------------ ----------------------- ----------------------- - -- --- -- ---- - -.- - - - - - - - ------------- ------------ ----------------------- ----------- - ---------------------- ----------- ---------------------~-

158,506
99,015
67,667
42,404
20,773
10,123
6,050
4,000
2,900
2,200

1,400
-----------700
------------ ----------------------- -----------------.----- ----------------------- ------------

----.-------

___________

__

_________

Includes Federal excise taxes and standard equipment.

Series K 236-238b.-MOTOR VEHICLES-ESTIMATE OF TRAVEL BY MOTOR VEHICLES:


1921 TO 1945
In million vehicle-miles. Beginning in 1942, excludes military-vehicle travel]
ALL MOTOR VEHICLES
YEAR

PASSENGER VEHICLES

TRUCKS AND
COMBINATIONS

Total
travel

Urban
travel

Rural
travel

Urban
travel

Rural
travel

Urban
travel

Rural
travel

236

2368

236b

237a

237b

238a

238b

1945 ________ - ___ ---1944 ______ - _- - - - - - -1943 ________________


1942 ________________
1941 ________________

249,344
211,580
206,747
267,096
333,396

130,161
110,750
108,990
138,235
163,591

119,183
100,830
97,757
128,861
169,805

111,323
93,679
91,942
119,653
143,101

92,034
76,193
73,211
101,716
135,404

18,838
17,071
17,048
18,582
20,490

27,149
24,637
24,546
27,145
34,401

1940 ________________
1939 ________________
1988 ________________
1937 ________________
1936 ________________

302,143
285,402
271 ,177
270,110
252,128

149,993
142,253
136,264
138,072
129,450

152,150
143,149
134,913
132,038
122,678

130,269
122,805
117,537
118,216
110,419

121,947
115,378
109,145
107,743
100,602

19,724
19,448
18,727
19,856
19,031

30,203
27,771
25,768
24,296
22,076

1935 ________________
1934 ______ - _- ___ - _ -1933 ________________

228,658
215,563
200,642

118,327
112,513
105,578

110,241 ---------- ---------- ----.----- ---------103,050


------- .... -- - --------96,064 ---------- ---------- ---------- -------------~---~-

--~~~-----

ALL MOTOR VEHICLES

Total
travel

Urban
travel

Rural
travel

236

236a

23Gb

1932 _______________
193L ______________

200,617
216,151

i06,366
115,580

95,118
100,571

1930 _______________
1929 _______________
1928 _______________
1927 _______________
1926 _______________

206,320
197,720
172,856
158,453
140,735

111,202
107,409

95,118
90,311

1925 _______________
1924 _______________
1923 _______________
1922 _______________
1921 _________ - - _- --

122,346
104,838
84,995
67,697
55,027

YEAR

---------- - ----- ----------------- ----- .... ----- ---- -- - --- --------------------- ------------------ ... ------------------~

---~------

_________

---~-----~---------

223

Data: K 239-256

TRANSPORTATION

239-245~-AIR

Series K

TRANSPORT-AIRCRAFT PRODUCTION A:ND EXPORTS: 1913 TO 1945


[For 1913-1925, production figures are represented by deliveriesJ
EXPORTS 2

PRODUCTION

Number of aircraft produced

Aircraft exported

Total

ForU. S.
military

Others

Value of
all
products 1

Number

Value

Value of
all
exports 4

239

240

241

242

243

244

245

1,000

1,000

1945 ___
194L __
1943 ___
1942_ ~_
194L __

549,761
596,318
585,898
547,836
526,277

647,714
696,318
685,898
647,836
619,433

(8~
6,844

dollars
78,279,000
716,047,000
7 12,514,000
75,817,000
71,804,000

1940 ___
1939 ___
1938 ___
1937 ___
1936 ___

12,794
5,856
3,623
3,773
3,010

66,019
921
925
858
858

6,785
4,935
2,698
2,915
2,152

7370,000
247,905
198,293
114,093
78,149

3,522
1,220
875
628
527

196,261
67,113
37,977
21,076
11 ,602

311 ,871
117,807
68,228
39,404
23,143

1935 ___
1934 ___
1933 ___
1932 ___
193L __

1,710
1,615
1,324
1,396
2,800

336
393
331
500
853

1,374
1,222
993
896
1,947

42,506
43,892
33,357
34,861
48,540

333
490
406
280
140

6,599
8,195
5,391
4,359
1,813

14,291
17,663
9,180
7,947
4,868

1930 ___
1929 ___

3,437
6,193

836
779

2,601
5,414

60,846
91,051

321
348

4,820
5,485

8,818
9,125

YEAR

EXPORTS

PRODUCTION

Number of aircraft produced Value of Aircraft exported 3 Value of


all
all
U.S.
prodTotal For
military Others
ucts 1 Number Value exports 4

YEAR

------------ -----244
243
239
240
241
242
245
--------------- --- --- --,~--

1,000

2,047
(8)
(8

dollars
dollars
7,599
663,129 1,148,852
16,544 1,589,8Ql 2,825,927
13,865 1,215,848 2,142,611
10,448
879,995 1,357,345
6,011
422,764 626,929

Value of aircraft, engines, parts, parachutes, etc.


1913-1918, fiscal years. 1919-1945, calendar years. Data for the second half of
1918 are included with calendar year 1919.
a Exclusive of gliders and barrage balloons.
, Total value of aircraft, engines, parts, etc. 1913-1921 include values of aircraft and aircraft parts. Prior to 1922 engine values were not reported separately
but were probably included with either "other" internal combustion engines or
with "parts" of aircraft. Values for parachutes and their parts have been included
only since 1932.
1

Series

I{

162
63
50

1,000
dollars
1,760
849
303

1,000
dollars
3,665
1,904
1,027

80
59
48
37
48

511
413
309
157
315

784
798
434
495
473

65
85
20
135
269

598
778
206
1,002
2,158

1,153
13,167
9,084
4,135
7,002

152
34
29

958
189

1,541
226
108

1,000

1928 ___
1927 ___
1926 ___

4,346
1,995
1,186

847
609
478

3,499
1,386
708

dollars
64,662
30,897
17,695

1925 ___
1924 ___
1923 ___
1922 ___
192L __

789
377
743
263
437

445
317
687
226
389

344
60
56
37
48

13,142

1920 ___
328
1919 ___
780
1918 ___ 14,020
1911- __ 2,148
1916 ___
411

256
682
13,991
2,01i\
142

72
98
29
135
269

26
15
14

152
34
29

1915 ___
1914 ___
1913 ___

178
49
43

12,775
(9)

(9)

7,431
(9)

14,373
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)

790

(9)

82

5 Includes U. S. financed aircraft manufactured in Canada.


e Includes military aircraft for Lend-Lease shipments.
1 Values are for military aircraft produced in the United States only. These data
were computed by the War Production Board in terms of August 1943 unit cost.
The values are not meant to measure output at current prices or expenditures.
The 1940 figure is only for the second half of that year; the 1945 figure Mvers
only the first 8 months.
.
8 No production other than military.
~ Not available.

246-256.-AIR TRANSPORT-SCHEDULED AIR TRANSPORTATION, DOMESTIC


ONLY: 1926 TO 1945
[ All data reflect scheduled operations exclusively)

CALENDAR
YEAR

Number of
operators
246

Aircraft
in service

Route
mileage

247

248

Average
passenger
revenue per
passengermile

Number
persons
employed

249

250

48,516
47,384
42,537
41,596
45,163

Cents
0.0495
0.0535
0.0527
0.0528
0.0504

369
' 276
5260
291
280

42,757
' 36,654
534,879
32,006
29,797

0.0507
0.0510
0.0518
0.056
0.057

26
24
25
32
39

363
423
418
456
490

29,190
28,609
28,283
28,956
30,857

0.057
0.059
0.061
0.061
0.067

43
38
34
18
13

497
442
268

30,293

0.083
0.12
0.11
0.106
0.12

1945 _____
1944 _____
1943 _____
1942 _____
194L ____

20
19
19
19
19

421
288
204
186
370

1940 _____
1939 _____
1938 _____
1931- ____
1936 _____

19
'18
516
22
24

1935 _____
1934 _____
1933 _____
1932 _____
193L ____
1930 _____
1929 _____
1928 _____
1927 _____
1926 _____

(II)
(11)

(II)
(11)
(11)
(11)

Revenue
passengermiles fiown
(1,000 miles)

REVENUE PASSENGERS
CARRIED

Duplicated

Unduplicated

TON-MILES FLOWN

Express
and freight

Mail

252

253

254

255

256

208,969,279
138,732,219
105,354,810
111,340,622
134,405,836

7,494,140
4,675,164
3,387,967
3,370,398
3,848,882

6,576,252
4,045,965
3,019,736
3,136,755

------------

3,362,455
2,178,207
1,634,135
1,418,042
1,384,733

22,196,852
16,991,598
15,139,359
11 ,901 ,793
5,258,551

65,092,921
51,139,973
36,061,868
21,162,102
13,118,015

15,984 110,101,039
10,639 82,924,922
59,008 68,610,143
7,586 66,791,079
7,079 64,307,480

2,802,781
1,704,762
1,197,100
985,084
931,683

--------------------------------------------------------

1,052,156
682,904
479,844
411,545
6438,989

3,476,224
2,713,099
2,182,420
2,162,488
1,865,798

10,117,858
8,610,726
7,449,246
6,698,230
5,741,436

6316,336
6189,806
6174,820
6127,433
6 106,952

1,097,602
8597,293
8422,860
8289,512
8220,657

50,313
31,198
29,654
26,910
19,223

12

251

5,945
4,201
4,369
4,020
4,314

55,918,151
41,525,667
49,256,320
45,893,522
43,109,166

678,549 -----------7475,461 -----------7502,218 -----------7476,041 -----------7472,438 ------------

2,778
1,958
1,496

32,644,703
22,728,869
10,527,870
5,856,189
4,318,087

/;85,125
7384,506 -----------7161,933 ------------ -----------748,312 ------------ -----------78,679 ------------ -----------75,782 ----- ... ------ ------------

------------

------------

1 Duplication exists where (a) the same passenge'rs were carried on more than
one route of an air carrier; and (b) where the same passengers were carried by more
than one air carrier.
2 Dupli.cation has been eliminated where the same passengers were carried on
more than one route of an air carrier, but still exists where the same passengers
were carried by more than one air carrier.
S Based on revised CAB procedures.
4 Excludes Marine.
Excludes Colonial and Marine.

224

Revenuemiles flown

8100,666
869,898
858,913
812,841
8995

6 Figures for 1930-1936 include nonrevenue passenger-miles flown.


7 Figures for 1926-1934 include nonrevenue passengers.
8 Excludes Colonial Airlines, Inc., and Hawaiian Airlines, Ltd.
9 Excludes 224,236 ton-miles flown by U. S. Army.
10 Excludes Colonial Airlines, Inc.
11 Not available.
12 Includes employees of Pan American Airways.

10
10
10

4,132,708
2,237,175
2,567,949
2,701,125
3,140,205

tl

11)

II)

(11)

------------

AIR TRANSPORT

Data: K 257-273

Series K 257-264.-AIR TRANSPORT-AIRPORTS, AIRCRAFT, PILOTS, AND MILES FLOWN:


1926 TO 1945
[ Data for series K 257, K 258, and K 264 for calendar years; for series K 259-263, as of Dec. 311
AIRPORTS AND LANDING FIELDS

YEAR

CERTIFIQA TED AIRPLANE PILOTS 1

Total

Lighted

Total U. S.
civil
aircraft

257

258

259

1945 ___________________________
1944 ___________________________
1943 _____________________ _____
1942 ___________________________
1941 ___________________________

Commercial

Private

civil flying
other than
scheduled
air carrier

260

261

262

263

264
(1)
(2)
(2)

1,007
964
859
100
662

37,789
27,919
27,180
27,170
26,013

296,895
183,383
173,206
166,626
129,947

5,815
3,046
2,315
2,177
1,587

162,873
68,449
63,940
55,760
34,578

128,207
111,888
106,951
108,689
93,782

293 ,592,580
346,303,400

2,331
2,280
2,374
2,299
2,342

776
735
719
720
705

17,928
13,772
11 ,159
10,836
9,229

69,829
33,706
22,983
17,681
15,952

1,431
1,197
1,159
1,064
842

18,791
11 ,677
7,839
6,411
7,288

49,607
20,882
13,985
10,206
7,822

264,000,000
177,868,157
129,359,095
103,196,355
93,320,375

2,368
2,297
2,188
2,117
2,093

698
664
626
701
680

9,072
8,322
9,284
10,324
10,680

14,805
13,949
13,960
18,594
17,739

736
676
554
330

7,362
7,484
7,635
7,967
8,513

6,707
5,789
5,771
10,297
9,226

84,755,630
75,602,152
71,222,845
78,178,700
94,343,115

1,782
1,550
'1,364
1,036

640

7,433
4,162

108,269,760
110,000,000
60,000,000
30,000,000
18,746,640

1940 ___________________________
1939 ___________________________
1938 ___________________________
1937 ___________________________
1936 ___________________________
1935 ___________________________
1934 ___________________________
1933 _______ :.. ___________________
1932 _____________________. ______
. 1931 ___________________________

i~~~= ==== ===~= ==== == ====== === ==

Total

4,026
3,427
2,769
2,809
2,484

1930__ . ________________________
1929 ___________________________
1928 _________ :.. _________________

Miles flown in

Airline
transport

(4)

(0)

(4)
(4)
(4)

(3)

(3)
15,280
7,847
9,818
(3)
10,287
6,053
9,922
(8)
(4)
4,887
5,104
(l)
(4)
1,572
2,740
-- .... ---------- -------------- -------------- --------------

1 The count of certificated pilots after 1941 is not directly comparable with the
p'!evlOus ;vears as the Civil Aeronautics Regulations were amended to permit
pIlot certlficates currently effective on April 1, 1942, to continue in effect indefinitely. This amendment expires on July 1, 1947.
: Not available. No surveys made during war years, because the Civil Air RegulatIOns were amended and aircraft owners were not required to submit reports.

(4)
(4)

---- -- --- - .. ---

Airline transport rating became effective May 5, 1932.


( Not available.

Series K 265-273.-AIR TRANSPORT-ACCIDENTS: 1927 TO 1945


DOMESTIC SCHEDULED AIR CARRIERS

CALENDAR
YEAR

Total
accidents

Number of
fatal
accidents

Total
passenger
fatalities

265

266

267

NON-AIR-CARRIER FLYING OPERATIONS

Passenger
Plane-miles
fatalities per
flown per
100 million
fatal accident passenger-miles
flown 2
268

269

Total
accidents

Fatal
accidents

Fatalities

Miles flown
per fatal
accident

270

271

272

273

is)

1945 ___ ~ _. _____ 1944 ____________


1943 ___ ..; ________
1942 _______ ____
194L ___________

40
30
23
23
27

8
5
2
5
4

76
48
22
55
35

26,171 ,Ill
27 ;768 ,033
52,716,500
22,354,936
33,729,240

2.2
2.2
1.3
3.7
2.3

4,652
3,343
3,871
3,324
4,252

322
169
167
143
217

508
257
257
220
312

2,053,095
1,595,868

1940 _________ __
1939 ____________
1938 ____________
1937 ____________
1936 ____________

30
28
23
42
65

3
2
5
5
8

35
9
25
40
44

36,837,890
41,616,810
13,818,740
.13,358,216
8,038,435

3.0
1.2
4.5
8.S
10.0

3,471
2,222
1,861
1,900
1,674

232
203
176
184
155

359
315
274
280
261

1,137,931
876,198
734,995
560,850
602,067

1935 _______ ____


1934 ____________
1933 ____________
1932 ____________
193L ___________

58
71
100
108
118

8
8
9
16
13

15
17
8
19
25

6,989,769
5,190,708
5,472,924
2,868,345
3,316,090

4.7
9.0
4.6
14.9
23.4

1,503
1,491
1,589
1,936
2,197

161
184
177
207
251

253
323
299
318
398

526,432
410,881
402,389
377,675
375,869

1930 ____________
1929 ___________ ..;
1928 ____________
1927 ____________

88
124
85
25

9
21
11
4

3,627,189
28.2
24
14 -------------- -------------14 -------------- -------------1 -------------- --------------

2,029
1,586
1,036
253

300
287
215
95

504
360,899
457 ------------- ..
362 -------------146 - -- .. ---.., --- ---

1 Includes scheduled revenue operators only.


, Rates computed on basis of total passengers carried and passenger miles flown
revenue and nonrevenue).

S)
(3)

S No operational statistics for nonscheduled and personal flying are available


for 1943, 1944, and 1945.

225

Chapter L. Price Indexes (Series L 1-52)


The term price, as currently used (1947), is defined in terms of
a definite physical specification of a commodity at specified terms
of trade to a specified type of purchaser. In general, quotations
used for indexes are transaction prices and exclude insofar as
possible factors such as changes in grade or quality or terms of
sale or in the proportion of goods sold to different classes of purchasers which affect average prices.
Price comparisons from one period to another which are based
on inadequate commodity specifications may be invalid. Unfortunately most of the earlier investigations in the field of prices
lacked detailed commodity descriptions. Thus we find such quotations as "wheat, $1.00 per bushel," whereas a more complete
commodity description might read "wheat, No.2 red winter,
bulk, carlots, f.o.b. Chicago, spot market price, average of high
and low, per bushel."
The price of a commodity necessarily must refer to a specific
point in time. Thus the Bureau of Labor Statistics' present monthly wholesale prices (1947) ordinarily are an average of I-day-a-week
prices and annual prices are averages of monthly prices; whereas
retail prices are mid-month prices.
The term price relative is applied to a single price series, usually
representing narrowly defined specifications, and relates the price
for a given period to the price at some other fixed period as 100.
A price index is a device for measuring average price changes for
several commodities as a group with reference to a base period
as 100.

General Price Index: Series L 1


L 1. General price index, 1791-1938. Base: 1913 =100. SOURCES:
For 1791-1932, see The Review of Economic Statistics, Harvard
Economic Society, Inc., vol. XVI, No.2, February 15, 1934,
p. 25. For 1933-1938, see Federal Reserve Bank of New York,
Monthly Review of Credit and Business Conditions. For discussion
see Tucker, Rufus S., "Gold and the General Price Level," The
Review of Economic Statistics, vol. XVI, No.1, January 15, 1934,
p.8.
The general price index of Carl Snyder, 1860-1932 (see Business
Cycles and Business Measurements, New York, 1927), was extended
backward in time to 1791 by Rufus S. Tucker. Snyder's index was
first presented in 1924 in an article, "A New Index of the General
Price Level from 1875," published in the quarterly Journal of the
American Statistical Association, June 1924. It was based on
wholesale prices, cost of living, and rents, computed by the Bureau
of Labor Statistics; and wages, computed by the Federal Reserve
Bank of New York. In 1928, the Snyder index was revised back to
1913. Revised indexes and the method of computation were
described in "The Measure of the General Price Level" by Carl
Snyder in The Review of Economic Statistics, Harvard Economic
Society, Inc., vol. X, No.1, February 1928, pp. 40-52. Until the
end of 1939 when its calculation was discontinued, the Snyder index was published regularly in the Monthly Review of Credit and
Business Conditions, cited above.
The index of the general price level is designed to measure
average prices of exchanges of goods, services, and property. It is
obtained by combining available series into a broad composite to
represent the general level of all kinds of prices. The original index
was based on commodity prices at wholesale, wages, cost of living,
and rents with weights of 20, 35, 35, and 10, respectively. The revised index includes 12 component series with weights determined
empirically, as follows:
226

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

Component series
Weight
Industrial commodity prices at wholesale_ __ __ _ 10
Farm prices at the farm _____________________ 10
Retail food prices __________________________ .: 10
Rents_____________________________________
5
Other cost of living items____________________ 10
Transportation cost _ _ _ __________ ___________ 5
Realty values______________________________ 10
Security prices_____________________________ 10
Equipment and machinery prices _____________ 10
Hardware prices____________________________
8
Automobile prices ______ "-___________________
2
Composite wages_ ________ __ ____ ______ ____ __ 15

Wholesale Price Indexes: Series L 2-35

L 2-35. General note. Available wholesale price indexes shown


in this chapter fall into 3 categories: The official wholesale price
index of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1801 to date (s.eries L 15),
and indexes for 10 major product groups, 1890 to date (series L 1625); Warren and Pearson's extension of the Bureau of Labor Statistics' indexes back to varying years in the 18th century (series
L 2 andL 4-14); and other indexes independent of the BLS series
(series L 3, L 26-35). A number of other wholesale price indexes
not included in this volume have been computed. Some of theBe
are discussed in United States Bureau of Labor Statistics Bulletin
No. 284, Index Numbers of Wholesale Prices in the United State8
and Foreign Countries, together with techniques of calculation.
They include series computed by Bradstreet's beginning in 1890
on about 96 commodities; by Dun's Review beginning in January
1901 on about 300 quotations and gradually carried back to 1860;
by Thomas Gibson beginning 1910 on 22 foods; by the New York
Times Annalist in 1913 on 25 foods; and by the Federal Reserve
Board in 1918 on the basis of BLS data. Both Dun's and Bradstreet's series were sums of actual prices rather than index numbers.
In 1935 a weighted index of general wholesale commodity prices,
1815-1845, was computed by Walter B. Smith and Arthur H. Cole
on the basis of 35 commodities and published in Fluctuations in
American Business, 1790-1860, Harvard Economic Study No. 50,
Harvard University Press, table 45, p. 158. Durin~ 1929-1938 a
comprehensive historical investigation of commodity prices wall
made under the auspices of the International Scientific Committee
on Price History and the results published in Wholesale: Commodity
Prices in the United States, 1700-1861, by Arthur H. Cole, Harvard University Press, 1938.
As used here, the term wholesale does not refer to transactions
between intermediate distributors and retailers. As currently used
for price indexes (1947) the term wholesale refers to primary markets or those in which the first major commercial transaction
,. occurs for a specified commodity or stage of production of a commodity. Thus wholesale prices in the Bureau of Labor Statistics'
index are generally those charged by representative manufacturers, producers, or importers to distributors or industrial users
of particular commodities, or are those prevailing on commodity
exchanges.
. L 2. Wholesale price index of all commodities, 1749-1932. Base:
1910-1914 =100. SOURCE: Warren, George F., and Pearson, Frank
A., Prices, New York, 1933, table 1, pp. 11-13. (Data shown here
are reprinted by permission of the publishers, John Wiley and Sons,
Inc.) See also Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station,
Wholesale Prices for 213 Years, 1720-1932, Memoir 142, 1932,
part 1, pp. 7-10; and Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bulletin No. 572,
Wholesale ;prices, 1931, 1933, appendix, pp. 111-114. The latter
shows the index on the base 1926=100.

WHOLESALE PRICE INDEXES

Text: L 2-15

Warren and Pearson used the Bureau of Labor Statistics' index edition, vol. I, p. 715; for 1942-1945, see Monthly Labor Review
(series L 15) for 1890-1932, but converted it to a 1910-1914 base and semiannual or annual report, Wholesale Prices.
and extended it back to 1797. From 1797, the index was extended
Original sources.-The official weighted index of wholesale
back to 1720 by Dr. Herman Stoker. Prices collected relate almost prices currently computed byBLS for all commodities dates from
entirely to New York City. For 1797 to 1890 they were obtained 1890, but it has been extended back to 1801 on the basis of other
directly or indirectly frOID. neVlspapers, chiefl:rT the New Yark Price Series. Price indexes from 1801-1840 v/ere computed from historical
Current, 1796-1817, and the New York Shipping and Commercial data collected by Alvin H. Hansen and published in Wholesals
List, 1815 to the Civil War, supplemented by the data published Prices for the United States, 1801-1840, in Publications of the Amerin the Report of the Secretary of the Treasury on the State of the ican Statistical Association, December 1915, pp. 804-812, and in
Finances for the year ending June 30, 1863. Price series were Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bulletin No. 367, Wholesale Prices,
obtained for 110 to more than 140 commodities.
1890-1929, Appendix F, pp. 235-248. Actual prices for individual
The all-commodities index based on these series, which the commodities on which Hansen's index is based, toge~her with price
authors felt most representative of price changes in the 19th cen- relatives, also are shown in Bulletin No. 967. Indexes from 1841tury prior to 1890, was constructed with varying weights for the 1889 were taken from data collected for the Subcommittee on
commodity groups (series L 4-14). The weights were adjusted Tariff, Committee on Finance of the United States Senate, under
gradually by making one-ninetieth of the total change between the chairmanship of Senator Nelson W. Aldrich, and published in
1799 and 1889 in January of each year. Weights were assigned each a comprehensive report issued March 3, 1893, Wholesale Prices,
commodity within the groups, according to their importance in Wages, and Transportation, Senate Report No. 1394, 52d Congress,
the total trade of the country. Because of the meager data avail- 2d Session, part I, p. 9. This report, called the Aldrich Report, was
able, assignment of such weights was necessarily largely arbitrary
issued in response to a resolution, passed two years earlier, authorThe number of commodities in each group, except hides and izing the Committee to investigate the effects of the tariff laws
leather and possibly housefurnishings, was considered sufficient "upon the imports and exports, the growth, development, producto give reliable group indexes.
tion, and prices of agricultural and manufactured articles, at home
Price data were scarce and irregular prior to 1749. As a result, and abroad." Much of the data for this report was assembled for
prior to 1749, the index was computed only for certain months in the committee by the Commissioner of Labor.
each year, and annual index numbers for the period 1720-1748 are
In 1900 the Aldrich index was carried forward 8 years by Roland
not shown.
P. Falkner by a different method of calculation and published by
For the period 1787-1800 Stoker constructed his "71-commod- the Department of Labor, Bulletin No. 27, Wholesale Prices: 1890
ity index" using the same group indexes and essentially the same to 1899. In 1902, the Department of Labor began the publication
methods as used by Warren and Pearson in their calculations back of its own wholesale price index "in order to meet the constant
to 1797, but with somewhat different group weights. Stoker's in- and growing demand for statistics of prices." The index has been
dexes were linked to the Warren and Pearson indexes by a 3-year continued without interruption since that time.
overlap, 1798-1800.
Coverage.-The present (1947) wholesale price index of the
For the period 1720-1787 Stoker constructed his "15-commod- Bure.au of Labor Statistics is designed to measure average changes
ity index," based on 11-19 series, chiefly foods, using arbitrary in commodity prices in primary markets in the United States. It
weights. This was linked to his {l71-commodity index" by a 14- is derived from a selection of commodities, specifications, markets
month overlap, November 1786 through 1787. No group indexes and reporters chosen to represent the total of all primary markets
were possible.
and important segments of such markets. At present (1947) a.bout
L 3. Wholesale price index of 30 basic commodities, 1798-1932
860 different commodity series are included in the index. It ex
Base: 1910-1914=100. SOURCE: Warren, George F., and Pearson, eludes transactions for services, banking and insurance, stock
Frank A., Prices, New York, 1933, table 4, p. 30. (Data shown market trading, transportation, construction, real estate sales
here are reprinted by permission of the publishers, John Wiley and and rents. Separate indexes have been computed monthly for al
Sons, Inc.) To provide a more sensitive index of prices, Warren commodities and 10 major groups, beginning in 1890. In addition
and Pearson constructed a special index of 30 basic commodities. indexes are available for 49 subgroups and 5 economic groups
Almost the same list of commodities and weights was used for the beginning in 1913.
entire period. Prior to 1890, the index was derived by Warren and
Prices used are transaction quotations, collected by mail from
Pearson using the same prices as in their all-commodity index individual producer-reporters or from trade journals, usually for
(see above for series L 2) j subsequent to 1890, using prices col- I-day-a-week, and averaged to obtain a monthly price.
le,cted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. This index includes prices
During the course of years, a number of changes in coverage
of farm products, minerals, textiles, and like products relatively and method of computation of the index have been made, and in
'
flexible in price.
some cases indexes have been recomputed for earlier years. The
L 4-14. Wholesale price indexes of 11 major product groups,
1786-1932. Base: 1910-1914=100. SOURCE: Warren, George F.,
TABLE I.-NUMBER OF PRICE SERIES AND WEIGHTING FACTORS
and Pearson, Frank A., Prices, New York, 1933, table 3, pp. 25USED IN BLS WHOLESALE PRICE INDEX (ALL COMMODITIES): 1890 TO 1945
27. (Data shown here are reprinted by permission of the publishers, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.) For an alternative source, see
Number 1
Weights used
YEAR
Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, Wholesale
Prices for 219 Years, 1720-1932, Memoir 142, 1932, part 1, tables
1940 to 1945 ______________ _
881-890
34-45, pp. 84-111. Product groups shown represent the 10 major
1938 to 1939 ______________ _
}QU&ntities marketed 1929-31
813
1934 to 1937 ______________ _
784
groups used by the Bureau of Labor Statistics for the computa1932 to 1933 ______________ _
Quantities marketed 1927'-29
784
1931
_____________________
_
tion of its wholesale price index of all commodities. Warren and
784
1930 _____________________ _
}Quantities marketed 1925-27
550
Pearson added an eleventh group, "Spirits," for the period 17871927 to 1929 ______________ _
Quantities marketed 1923-25
550
1889. Commodities in each group were weighted in accordance
1921 to 1926 ______________ _
Quantities marketed 1919
404
1917
to 1920 ______________ _
with their importance at the time. Also, see text for series L 2,
327-328
}Quantities marketed 1909
1914 to 1916 ______________ _
296-300
above, for identification of indexes in different periods.
1890 to 1913 ______________ _
Equal wpights 2
251-261
L 15. Wholesale price index of all commodities, 1801-1945.
1 Number of price series included in index.
Base:1926=100. SOURCE: Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor
2 With the number of relatives representing roughly the importance of individual
Statistics. For 1801-1941, see Handbook of Labor Statistics, 1941 commodities.
227

Text: L 15-36

PRICE INDEXES

number of series has increased from 251 in 1890 representing 99 15 distinct commodities. Prices were collected by the Department
commodities to about 890 in 1945 and the quantity weighting of Agriculture in 3 cities, (New York, Cincinnati, and Chicago),
factors have been revised six times. The number of price series and from records of commercial organizations such as the Produce
weighting factors used in the index since 1890 are shown in table 1. Exchange of New York, and froin newspapers and merchants'
Methods.-The current (1947) index is of the fixed-base account books. The accuracy of the results was limited by changes
weighted aggregative type which was adopted in 1937. Weights in classification and the chaotic nature of earlier records. General
represent quantities marketed in 1929 and 1931. The quantity indexes were computed from 1840 to 1891, giving equal weight to
weight for each commodity is multiplied by the curren-r; price to each of the 15 products (series L 26), and also from 1860 to 1891,
obtain across-product. The cross-products for individual commodi- giving weights proportional to their production in the 8 census
ties are totaled to obtain value aggregates for groups and sub- years, 1860, 1870, and 1880 (series L 27).
L 28-35. Wholesale price indexes of 8 major product groups,
groups. The group indexes are then calculated by dividing these
current-perio<,i aggregates by base-"period aggregates, in effect ob- 1840-1891. Base: 1860=100. SOURCE: Aldrich Report (see text for
tained by multiplying the price in the base period by the quantity series L 26-27), table 22, p. 91. Indexes for 8 major groups in the
Aldrich Report were calculated in the same way as the all-commodweight.
From 1890 to 1906 the BLS index was a simple arithmetic mean ity index (see text for series L 15), giving equal weight to each
of price relatives. From 1907 to 1936 the index was computed by commodity.
Because of the objections to the technique of equal weighting,
the chain method, basing changes from one period to the next only
upon those commodities for which data were available during both special indexes of all commodities and of food and clothing were
periods. Individual commodities were not explicitly weighted until calculated for the Aldrich Report giving varying weights according to family consumption in 1891 as determined in a consumer
1914.
Indexes from 1841-1889 are arithmetic averages of uI+weighted expenditure study conducted by the Department of Labor. These
relative prices from the Aldrich report, converted to a 1926 base. are included on pages 9 and 94 of part I of that Report.
Prices represented actual transaction prices as of a single date in
each year, usually January 1, obtained from careful investigation
Cost of Living, Consumers' Price, and Retail Price
of the books of merchants and manufacturers. Prices were tabuIndexes: Series L 36-52
lated for 223 commodities from 1860 to 1891 and for 90 commodL 36-52. General note. The concept of the cost of living and its
ities in earlier years. This list of commodities did not adequately
represent all commodities dealt in at wholesale. Thus, out of the measurement has been the subject of much controversy and in223 articles, 53 were foods and 54 metals, including 25 series on vestigation in recent years. To many people the term cost of living
has meant the total cost in dollars of a family budget. Change in
pocket knives.
Indexes for' all commodities from 1801-1840 were arithmetic the cost of a fixed standard of living sometimes has been confused
averages of unweighted relative prices as reported by Alvin H. with the cost of a changed standard of living. Cost of living indexes
Hansen, converted to a 1926 base. Each distinct commodity was generally measure the former rather than the latter, changes in
given equal weight. Indexes from 1801-1825 were constructed prices for a fixed list of living essentials rather than the actual level
from monthly quotations for 79 commodities as near to the first of of living costs. This subject is discussed thoroughly in the Report of
the month as possible, as published in the Boston Gazette for the the President's Committee on the Cost of Living, Office of Economic
years 1801 to 1815 and in the Boston Patriot for the years 1816 to' Stabilization, 1945. Following this report both the Bureau of Labor
1825. Indexes from 1825 to 1840 were based on monthly prices for Statistics and the National Industrial Conference Board changed
63 commodities at New York as published in the Report of the the name of their indexes from "Cost of living" "to Consumers'
Secretary of the Treasury on the Staoo of the Finances for the year prices."
Retail prices collected for the BLS index are midmonth prices.
ending June 3Q, 1863. When a range of prices was shown, the
arithmetic mean of prices was used. According to Hansen, "it is They represent average. prices paid by consumers in retail stores,
doubtful to what extent the articles for the two cities are identical" as determined for most articles by personal visits of Bureau of
and "the vagueness of descriptions also raises some questions as to Labor Statistics representatives. Prices are obtained for goods
the continuity of the information as between the series and as most nearly meeting definite specifications. However, there. are
within the two series. Further, the standards prevailing at so constant changes in the nature and quality of goods available,
remote a period must affect any comparison with present-day particularly in clothing. When an article priced for the index is
prices." See Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bulletin No. 367, Appen- not available, the most nearly comparable article is priced.
L 36. Federal Reserve Bank of New York's cost of living index,
dix F, p. 235.
1820-1913. Base: 1913=100. SOURCE: Federal Reserve Bank of
L 16-25. Wholesale price indexes of 10 major product groups,
1890-1945. Base: 1926=100. SOURCE: See above for series L 15. New York, Index of Estimated Cost of Living in the United States
These indexes measure the average change in commodity prices (1938 revision, mimeographed). See also general note for series
at primary market levels .. Wherever feasible, prices used are L 36-52.
The Federal Reserve Bank's index of the estimated cost of livf.o.h., point of production or sale. In the case of farm products
and some foods, prices quoted in organized commodity markets ing in the United States was obtained by linking together several
are used. Indexes are based on a smaller number of commodities indexes. From 1820 to 1859 indexes were those of A. H. Hansen as
for earlier years. In January 1940, the group Chemicals and allied published in the American Economic Review, March 1925, p. 32,
products was substituted for the group Chemicals and drugs. The using those of R. P. Falkner from 1840 to 1859. These are also
revision was made by years from 1926. The indexes for the two included in Hansen's long-term index from 1820-1923 (see series
groups are not strictly comparable but may be used for all practical L 37). Indexes from 1860 to 1879 were those of W. C. MitchelUn
Gold Prices and Wages Under the Greenback Standard, pp. 86-87;
purposes.
L 26-27. Wholesale price indexes of farm products: Un weighted, from 1880-1889 those of W. R. Burgess in Trends of School Costs,
1840-1891; weighted,1840-1891. Base: 1860=100. SOURCE: Sen- p. 54~ shown here as a separate series from 1841 to 1920 (series
ate Report 1394 (Aldrich Report), Wholesale Prices, Wages, and L 38). Indexes from 1890 to 1909 were those of Paul H. Douglas as
Transportation, Hon. Nelson W. Aldrich, United States Senate published in the American Economic Review, Supplement, March
1926, p. 22. Those from 1910 to 1912 were obtained by correlating
Committee on Finance, March 3, 1893, part I, tables 33, 35, pp.
the BLS index beginning 1913 with the cost of living index com107, 109. See text for series L 15 concerning "Aldrich Report."
Indexes were based on 63 individual price series, combined into puted for the State of Massachusetts by the Department of Labor

228

COST OF LIVING INDEXES

Text: L 36-7

and Industries of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Division index. It includes a number of small cities not in the BLS sample.
on the Necessaries of Life, and published regularly in its Annual Indexes for 50 to 60 cities are available beginning January 1939.
Report.
Prices of about 240 individual items are collected by mail quesL 37. Hansen's cost of living index, 1820--1923. Base: 1913=100.
tionnaire instead of personal interview. Rent data are collected
SOURCE: Hansen, Alvin H., "Factors Affecting the Trend of Real periodically from real estate agents, banks, chambers of commerce,
Wages," American Economic Review, March 1925, p. 32. See also and real estate boards instead of from tenants asfortheBLS index.
general note for series L 36-52.
Quotations conform to general rather than detailed physical
Hansen's index of the estimated cost of living was obtained by specifications.
linking together these indexes: For 1820-1840, an index of wholeIndexes were computed for July of each year 1914-1917; June
sale prices of food, coal, candles, and clothing weighted according and November of 1918; and March, July, and November of 1919.
to expenditures of 232 families in 1891, as reported in Senate Re- Comprehensive investigations were continued at 4-month interport 1394 (Aldrich Report), Wholesale Prices, Wages, and Transpor- vals but beginning January 1920 and through 1945 monthly estitation, part I, p. 62; for 1840-1890, Falkner'S weighted index of mates were computed for intervening months on the basis of a
wholesale prices as shown in the Aldrich Report, part I; for 1890- smaller sample.
1912, the Bureau of Labor Statistics index of retail food prices
L 41-47. Bureau of Labor Statistics consumers' price indexes
(see series L 48); and for 1913-1923, the Bureau of Labor Statistics for moderate income families in large cities, 1913-1945. Base:
index of consumers' prices (see series L 41).
1935-1939 =100. SOURCE: Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor
L 38. Burgess' cost of living index, 1841-1920. Base: 1913 = 100. Statistics. For 1913-1940, see Bulletin No, 699; Changes in Cost of
SOURCE: Harvard Economic Society, Inc., The Review of Eco- Living in Large Cities in the United States, 1913-41, 1941, p. 44;
nomic Statistics, February 1934, vol. XVI, No.2, p. 26. See also for 1941-1945, see Monthly Labor Review, April 1947, p. 707. See
Burgess, W. Randolph, Trends of School Costs, Russell Sage Foun- also general note for series L 36-52.
dation, New York City, 1920, p. 54, for original data in dollars.
The index is a price barometer, not a measure of changes in the
See also general note for series L 36-52.
<J
total amount families spend for living, which is affected by changes
Burgess' series, titl~d "Cost of Living Per Week for Small in income and manner of Hving. Thus, income taxes are excluded.
Family Using the Same Amounts of the Same Commodities Over
This index represents the movement in the prices of living esthe Entire Period," represents the total weekly cost for a small sentials in the family budget: Food, clothing, housefurnishings,
family, in dollars and cents, of food, clothing, shelter, and inci- rent, utilities, fuels, and miscellaneous goods and services -such as
dentals. It is based upon the prices of 10 staple articles of food medical care, personal care, transportation, laundry services, and
appropriately weighted .. These foods constituted the bulk of recreation. The present index (1947) is based on about 180 indivifamily food purchases as shown by the BLS 1901-1902 expendi- dual items, as well as rent, including 61 foods, 39 articles of clothture study. The weekly food cost was multiplied by a factor ing, 12 kinds of fuel, 21 kinds of housefurnishings, 48 miscellaneous
which would raise food costs to the total weekly budget of a goods and services. For many articles two or more qualities are
typical wage earner's family (man, wife, and two children) in 1901. priced for the index. Excluding foods, about 400 different kinds
L 39. Douglas' cost of Iiving index, 1$90--1926. Base: 1890-1899= and qualities of goods are priced for the index. Commodities were
100. SOURCE: Douglas, Paul H., Real Wages in the United States, selected to represent all articles purchased by typical families, on
1890-1926, Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston and New York, 1930, the basis of a detailed study made by the Bureau in 1934-1936 of
p. 60. See also general note for series L 36-52.
actual expenditures of about 14,500 moderate-income families.
Douglas' "Most Probable Index of the Movement of the Total Beginning in 1930, indexes were calculated for each city. Weights
Cost of Living for Workingmen" was constructed for early years for individual items in the index for each city from 1930 to date
on the basis of Bureau of Labor Statistics retail prices for food were assigned in accordance with their importance in the family
and wholesale prices for clothing, fuel and light, furniture, tobacco, 'lflidget in each city as indicated by the 1934-1936 study, giving
and spirits. The retail. food index was adjusted to include a larger each article a weight equivalent to all commodities which it
number of commodities, using BLS wholesale prices, adjusted by represents.
the variation of the retail from the wholesale index for as many
The index is based currently (1947) upon changes in food prices
identical commodities as possible. Wholesale prices of other groups
in 56 cities and changes in prices of other goods .and services in 34
were adjusted to represent retail prices using the same adjustment
cities. More than 120,000 food prices are collected each month in
factor as for foods. A combined index for all groups was computed,
1,750 independent food stores and 275 chain organizations, repreweighted according to relative importance as shown by the BLS
senting about 8,600 individual stores. Prices for other goods and
consumer expenditures study of 1901-1902. For later years the
services are obtained from 3,900 stores or service establishments.
BLS .cost-of-living index was used; but in years when BLS data
Stores are carefully selected to represent those customarily pawere available only semiannually, monthly indexes were estimated
tronized by moderate-income families. Rents are obtained from
by interpolation.
tenants in 40,000 dwellings in 34 cities.
L 40. National Industrial Conference Board consumers' price
Specifications for commodities priced are described in detail
index, 1914-1945. Base: 1923 =100. SOURCE: National Industrial
Conference Board, The Economic Almanac for 1946-47, "Cost of and wherever possible prices are obtained for identical articles of
Living of Wage Earners in the United States, 1914-1946," New the same quality from time to time. For all articles except coal,
York, p. 276. This index was known as the NICB "Cost of living gas and electricity, prices are collected from retailers by personal
index" prior to October 1946. See also general note for series visits of BLS representatives who usually examine merchandise.
Prices for coal, gas, and electricity are obtained by mail questionL 36-52.
In purpose and in general statistical techniques, this index is naire, supplemented by occasional persona] visits.
Prices collected are those actually charged consumers. Prices
similar to the Bureau of Labor Statistics index (see series L 41).
.The 1934-1936 family expenditure study conducted by the Bureau used in the index represent the average price for each article in all
of Labor Statistics also is the basis of the selection and weighting stores visited in each city.
The index is of the fixed base weighted aggregative type on the
of individual commodities priced. Prior to June 1941, the NICB
used the BLS food cost index in preparing its all-items index but base 1935-1939 = 100. Group indexes are computed for each city
on the basis of relative importance of expenditures of families in
thereafter it compiled its own food index.
This index currently (1947) is based on information collected in that city. Indexes for the United States (average of 34 large cities)
about 60 cities as compared with 34 or 56 cities used for the BLS are computed by assigning weights to each city based O~ the popu-229

Text: L 41-52

PRICE INDEXES

lation of the metropolitan area of the city and of other cities in tistics, Bulletin No. 635, Retail Prices of Food, 1923-1936, appendix, part IV, p. 200.
the same region and size class.
The BLS index of retail-food costs back to 1890, as originally
This index was originated as part of a general investigation of
the cost of living in 92 shipbuilding or other industrial centers computed, has been carried only through 1934. In 1935 a major
conducted by the Department of Labor for the years 1918-1919, revision was made in the computation of this index and indexes
as reported in Bureau of Labor Statistics Bulletin No. 357, Cost of revised back to 1913. The revised indexes are included in the tabLiving in the United States. As part of this study prices were se- ulation of consumers' prices, 1913-1945 (see series L42). For the
cured in a number of cities for December of each year 1914-1917, years 1890-1907 prices of 30 staple articles were collected. From
inclusive, and in other cities for December 1917 only. The index 1908-1912, only 15 foods were included in the food index; from
has since been computed at varying intervals (annually, semi- 1913 to 1920, 22 articles; and from 1921 to 1934, 43 articles. Origannually, or quarterly) and currently (1947) is computed and inal indexes represent a weighted average of price relatives for
published monthly in mimeographed releases and in the Monthly foods included. Weighting factors for earlier years represent averLabor Review.
age expenditures by urban wage-earner families in 5 geographic
A number of changes in coverage and methodology have been divisions as determined by the family expenditure study for 1901made since these indexes were first issued in 1919 with index 1902. Weighting factors for later years according to geographic
numbers back to 1913 for 19 cities and back to 1917 for 13 addi- area were based on the family expenditure study for 1918-1919.
tional cities. Two more cities later were added to the index with
L 49. Index of net price of manufactured gas, 1907-1934. Base:
data back to 1935. Improved methods of calculation were intro- Apri11913 = 100 . .sOURCE: Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor
( duced in 1935 as described in "Revision of Index of Cost of Goods Statistics. For 1907 to 1928, see BLS Bulletin No. 4-95, table 18, p.
Purchased by Wage Earners and Lower-Salaried Workers," by 208. For 1929 to 1934, see BLS monthly publication, Retail Prices,
Faith M. Williams, Margaret H. Hogg, and Ewan Clague, in for June 1929 to November 1934.
Monthly Labor Review, September 1935, pp. 819-837.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics indexes of retail prices of manuThe original cost of living index was weighted according to con- factured gas, "Relative Net Price Per 1,000 Cubic Feet of Specisumption of wage earners and clerical workers in 1917-1919 by fied Months of Each Year, 1907 to 1934," represent simple avergeographic areas rather than individual cities, as shown by the ages of net prices for household use for specified months based
consumer expenditures study of the Department of Labor. A upon an average family consumption of 3,000 cubic feet of manumajor revision in the method of calculation was made in 1939 to- factured gas. Rates were obtained by correspondence from utility
gether With a general revision of the weighting factors and revised companies in 51 cities included in the United States composite. Inindexes computed back to 1935. This revision is described in detail creased use of natural gas and other changes necessitated a change
in Reprint R-1156, The Bureau of Labor Statistics' New Index oj in 1935 in the method of computing average prices, using constant
Cost of Living, from the August 1940 issue of the Monthly Labor heat units (therms) regardless of variations in kinds or heating
Review. The new index included a considerably larger number of value of gas used. Indexes on the new basis are available back to
items than the earlier indexes, and the base period of the index 1923. For history of the collection and publication of retail prices
was changed to 1935-1939 as recommended by the (Federal) Cen- of gas, see Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bulletin No. 628, pp. 48-52.
tral Statistical Board (now the Division of Statistical Standards),
L 50. Index of retail prices of bituminous coal, 1913-1945. Base:
Bureau of the Budget.
October 1922-September 1925 =100. SOURCE: Department of
From March 1935 to December 1939, indexes were computed
Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. For data prior to 1929, data
using both weighting factors. Since differences in the movements are from unpublished records; for 1929-1945, see Monthly Labor
of the two indexes were not large, a link between old indexes prior Review, July 1946, p. 116.
to 1935 and the current series seemed reasonable. From 1930 _to
These indexes were computed semiannually, January 1913194o, 1934-1936 expenditure weights were used; from 1913 t..9 January 1920; monthly, February 1920-July 1935; qua.rterly,
1925, 1917-1919 expenditure weights; and for intervening years, September 1935-September 1940; and monthly, October 1940an average of the two. The 19 city indexes available from 1914 December 1945. From 1939 to 1945, the indexes are based on an
through 1917 were combined without population weights. Indexes unweighted arithmetic average of over 600 quotations from 31 to
from 1918 through 1935 were combined with weights representing 38 cities; for earlier years, a varying number of cities and quotaaverage population in 1920-1930, those from 1935 through 1942 tions was used. The index numbers have been adjusted for changes
using 1930 census data. Census data for 1940 were used for com- in the sample.
bining cities beginning in 1943.
L 51. Index of average retail prices of anthracite (chestnut),
During the war the index only partially showed the effects of
1913-1945.
Base: October 1922-September 1925=100. SOURCE:
such factors as lowered quality, disappearance of low-priced goods,
forced changes in housing, and eating away from home. The Pres- See above for series L 50.
Prior to 1929, these indexes are based on an unweighted average
ident's Committee on the Cost of Living (see general note for series
of quotations from a varying number of cities. From 1929 to 1945,
L 36-52) estimated in November 1944 that the index understated
the rise in retail prices between January 1941 and September 1944 they are based on weighted average retail prices in 18 to 25 cities.
by a maximum of 3 to 4 points, and that if small cities were in- Weighting factors are described in BLS Bulletin R-465, Retail
cluded in the national average, another half point would be added. Prices, October 1936. The series have been adjusted for changes in
In December 1945, the Stabilization Administrator, Office of War the. composition of the sample. Indexes were computed semiMobilization and Reconversion, indicated that if account were annually from January 1913-January 1920; monthly, from Febtaken of continued deterioration of quality and unavailability of ruary 1920-July 1935, quarterly from September 1935-September
merchandise between September 1944 and September 1945, the 1940; and monthly from October 1940-December 1945.
over-all allowance for the period January 1941 to September 1945
L 52. Index of rents in 5 large cities, 1860-1880. Base: 1860=
would total about 5 points for large and small cities combined.
100. SOURCE: Warren, George F., and Frank A. Pearson, Prices,.
L 48. Index of retail cost of food (unrevised), 1890-1934. Base: New York, 1933, table 52, p. 267. (Data shown here are reprinted
1913 = 100. SOURCE: Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Sta- by permission of the publishers, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.)

230

Series L 1-14.-GENERAL PRICE INDEX (SNYDER-TUCKER) AND WHOLESALE PRICE


INDEXES (WARREN AND PEARSON): 1749 TO 1938
WHOLESALE PRICE INDEXES (WARREN AND PEARSON). 1910-1914-100

General
price
mdex

YEAR

it'ik~: ~d'ii':i :'::;'~

1913-100

1938 ________ _
1937 ________ _
1936 ________ _
1935 ________ _
1934 _____ - - -1933 _____ - --1932 ________ _
1931. _______ _

154
161
154
145
137

11 major product groups


______~------~----~------~-----7------~----~------~----~----~~-----MiscelFann
Food.
I
Fuel and
Building
ianeous
products
leather products lighting
metal
materials 1\;d~~:u i~gr~oods
products
13
12
11
10
9
8
6

>;;~J'

T_. I

I ~:;I. I

I,.':'!'_~-.I 1,;0'1:'1,- I 'pirils I

--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- -----_ ... -- ----------------- ---.----- --------- --------- .. ------ --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- _... _-------------- --------- --------- ---_ ... ---- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- _.. -------

-_

_________ --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------_________ --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ----- ----

ii~ ------95- ------74- ------68- ------95- -----ii3- ------99- -----i33- ------94- -----i30- ------9i- -----i38-

150

107

90

91

116

134

118

128

99

144

98

141
155
156
150
155

155
169
188
167
155

143
161
170
170
178

149
158
160
168
190

108
118
114
113
117

163
173
171
172
181

====:==== ------59-

110
116
118
119
124

156 --------170
173
174
179
184

63
71
76
78
83
91

1930 ________ _
1929 _____ -- -1928 ________ _
1927. _______ _
926 ________ _

168
179
176
171
171

126
139
141
139
146

118
141
143
139
146

124
147
149
139
141

1925 ________ _
1924 ________ _
1923 _____ ---1922 _____ ---1921. _______ _

170
166
165
158
163

151
143
147
141
143

157
151
158
146
126

154
140
138
132
124

155
141
144
136
140

163
157
162
162
169

192
190
198
178
168

183
175
185
204
184

121
125
128
121
138

184
185
197
176
177

125
122
125
124
142

189
192
200
190
207

99
85
91
84
99

----_
1920
1919 _____
________
1918 ________ _
1917. _______ _
1916 _______ --

193
173
157
139
117

226
202
191
172
125

231
217
214
201
131

211
221
208
181
118

213
201
186
162
117

266
270
195
192
145

293
240
244
175
125

311
198
207
200
141

175
153
160
177
137

272
209
179
160
123

203
198
226
203
198

260
194
171
136
118

152
126
122
111
91

1915 ________ _
1914 ________ _
1913 _________ .
1912 ________ _
1911. ______ --

103
100
100
100
96

101
99
102
101
96

103
98
102
100
95

100
100
100
102
94

101
100
100
104
96

117
110
106
100
91

96
97
102
99
99

98
107

116
97
89

101
94
106
105
95

97
96
103
.101
100

138
100
99
99
101

103
104
103
97
97

79
82
85
97
99

1910 ________ _
1909 ________ _
1908 _______ -1907 _____ - --1906 _____ - - - -

97
94
91
93
91

103
99
92
95
90

102
97
91
99
92

104
98
87
87
80

101
97
91
88
83

93
95
86
90
89

104
100
97
113
104

90
98
102
103
99

100
99
101
129
120

100
97
94
103
98

101
98
98
97
95

139
118
89
98
105

1905 _______ -1904 _______ -1903 ___ -_ -- -1902 ________ _


1901. ______ --

88
86
86
84
81

88
87
87
86
81

89
85
88
89
82

79
82
78
82
74

85
84
81
83
78

84
77
77
79
76

96
94
94
88
86

94
101
114
98
85

104
94
106
107
109

87
82
85
82
80

101
104
104
107
104

1900 _______ -1899 _______ -1898 ________ _


1897. _______ _
1896 ____ -- - --

79
77
73
72
71

82
77
71
68
68

86
76
67

64

71

65

63
60
56

79
74
74
71
68

77
77
75
71
70

95
85
80
76
77

88
78
65
64
75

115
117
77
76
83

84
79
72
68
70

101
100
95
87
80

1895 __ ~ ____ -1894 ___ -- -- -189lL _______ _


1892 ________ _
1891. ______ --

72
71
75
76
77

71
70
78

69
67
77
75
82

62
63
72
69
76

73
75
85
79
85

77
67
70
73
74

79
82
96
98
97

76
65
67

83
77
90
98
108

70
72
75
76
80

80
81
90
92
91

99
95
95
101
94
91 ________ _
92
93
90
90
90 ________ _
82
81
78
80
80 ________ _
83
88
88
92

86
79
86
86
78

74
80
86
92
101

103
99
98
98
100

72

123

71
72
70
70

116

90
101
103
97
99

~l ------74-

121
119
110

. 84
81
80
81
82

84
93
103

105
109

106

105
111
107
108
109

72
77
89
92
91

109
124
144
157
150

81
84
85
88
83

166
134
126
141
157
175
194
243
257
203

76
82

64

71

66

70

78
77
78
77
76

82
81
86
85
82

83
83
87
85
82

1885 ___ - - - - -1884 ___ - - - - -1883 _____ - --1882_


- - - -- --_
1881. -_______

77
79
84
87
85

85
93
101
108
103

86
94
102
112
106

72
82
87
99
89

1880 ________ _
1879 ________ _
1878 ________ _
1877 ________ _
1876 ________ _

82
77
78
84
87

100
90
91
106
110

104
93
92
108
112

80
72
72
89
89

96
90
93
115
113

113
100
95
109
104

128
114
125
138

92
80
93
108
127

_______ _
1874 ________ _
1873 ________ _
1872 _______ -1871. _______ _

92
96
100
102
99"

118
126
133
186
130

124
131
140
145
185

99
102
103
108
102

120
126
122
121
130

123
128
132
130
126

141
151
175
177
170

128
135
148
153
152

1890 _______ -1889 _______ -1888 ________ _


1887 ________ _
1886 ______ ---

1875~

67
75

71
68

114

116
119
119

115

107
99
90
80
85
93
88
85
84
82
81
78
81
79
86

94
92
94

80
77
79

89
80
73
75
74

100
105
110
114
120

99
105
110
109
109

79
81
83
80
81

78
78
93
93
90

81
74
72
80
84

120
120
127
136
140

117
105
109
118
123

88
82
82
86
86

91
90
88
95
98

90
101
106
107
102

149
176
181
175
177

134
149
160
159
154

88
18
75
73
74

98
111
116
125
120

231

PRICE INDEXES

Data: L 1-14

Series L 1-14.-GENERAL PRICE INDEX (SNYDER-TUCKER) AND WHOLESALE PRICE


INDEXES (V1ARREN AlJD PEARSON): 1749 TO 1938-Con,
WHOLESALE PRICE INDEXES (WARREN AND PEARSON), 1910-1914=100

yEAR

General
price
index
(Snyder- All comTucker), modities
1913=100
2

11 major product groups


30 basic
commodities

Farm
products

Foods

Hides
and
leather

Textile
products

Fuel and
lighting

Metals
HouseChemBuilding icals and furnishand
materials
metal
ing goods
drugs
products

--9

11

10

12

Spirits

Miscellaneous

13

14

1870 _________
1869 _________
1868 _________
1861- ________
1866 _____ - - --

102
111
114
117
123

135
151
158
162
174

143
162
167
169
185

112
128
138
133
140

139
154
171
167
173

128
134
126
132
146

179
194
197
220
245

134
166
149
144
. 160

200
227
225
248
278

101
110
116
120
128

199
227
204
229
283

164
178
178
196
220

78
86
117
146
154

128
136
153
162
170

1865 _________
1864 _____ - - -1863 _____ - --1862 ______ - -861. ________

127
129
96
79
70

185
193
133
104
89

211
253
182
135
101

148
162
113
86
75

180
189
123
'107
89

152
164
133
108
90

266
264
206
147
120

214
197
125
87
80

306
354
236
180
152

118
114
88
69
63

300
297
234
206
174

214
222
165
124
110

150
106
45
28
21

175
189
146
122
98

_________
1860
859 _________
1858
1857 _________
_________
1 856 _________
1
_________
1855
854 _________
1853 _________
1852 _________
1
1851. ________
_________
1850
849 _________
1
1848 ____ ____
1847 _________
1846 ______ ---

71.7
72.1
79.6
77.0

93
95
93
111
105

102
104
104
123
115

77
82
76
95
84

96
99
97
123
116

102
115
110
139
121

119
120
123
138
129

98
93
90
97
97

149
150
154
173
174

65
64
67
73
73

175
168
168
171
176

117
118
121
130
128

23
24
23
27
30

98
98
102
107
114

110
108
97
88
83

114
113
103
91
87

98
93
83
77

126
117
98
95
84

104
100
84
70
65

125
124
119
113
115

102
121
102
93
87

176
191
i86
144
141

78.2
76.5
73.1
68.4
66.9

70
67
64
61

178
174
169
156
153

129
129
128
118
117

31
27
22
19
20

103
103
96
89
86

67.2
64.7
65.2
69.8
66.5

84
82
82
90
83

88
84
82
92
86

62
59
72
58

84
88
87
96
84

67
64
56
66
57

116
111
113
117
122

95
93
93
90
88

147
155
170
186
191

61
58
61
61
64

154
152
153
156
164

114
110
111
117
110

21
21
22
24
20

88
92
'99
99
86

65.4
63.5
62.7
64.6
68.9

83
77
75
82
92

86
82
79
82
94

58
52
48
53
64

84
72
77
80
90

63
66
69
72
86

125
125
114
132
140

96
90
87
94
111

189
179
172
183
204

64
59
58
62
67

178
187
188
203
220

107

845 _________
1
______ ~ -1844
43 _________
18 42 _________
1841 _________
18

21
20
19
17
19

85
96
109
111

40 _________
1839
_________
1838 _________
1837 _________
1836 _________
18
35 _________
18
________
1834.
33 _________
18
_______ -1832
31 _________
18
30 _________
1829 _________
18
28
--1827 ______
_________
1826 _________
18
5 _________
1824 _________
182 3 _________
1822 _________
1821 _________
182
0 _________
182
_________
18189 _________
181 7 _________
181 6 _________
181
5 _________
1814 _________
1813 _________
181 2 _________
1811 _________
181
0 _________
181
18098 _________
__ ______
180
1807 --------1806 ---------

71.2
79.7
78.4
80.7
81.1

95
112
110
115
114

97
118
116
123
130

65
-B6
82
84
89

102
126
128
132
128

80
90
80
80
78

146
159
157
167
177

105
122
121
130
130

204
220
219
243
241

65
70
70
70
53

238
250
257
264
251

21
25
25
25
25

108
122
120
119
ISO

74.3
68.6
71.4

114
101
106
104
102

75
64
69
63
61

107
93
100
99
98

74
70
76
85
91

170
161
162
161
179

111
101
111
137
112

206
201
205
212
209

52
52
51
49
49

225
212
220
226
211

23
19
22
22
23

126
109
105
110
111

70.8

100
90
95
95
94

68.4
70.0
70.1
73.1
70.0

91
96
97
98
99

98
102
107
109
114

58
59
58
89
62

94
100
99
100
98

85
85
90
87
91

181
182
190
186
188

116
133
138
137
138

209
227
234
243
269

47
49
51
51
52

207
222
251
287
298

.-------.--------------------------------

19
19
19
21
21

111
117
113
112
110

74.3
72.5
76.5
75.8
74.0

103
98
103
106
102

125
107
109
115
111

67
61
64
70
64

100
99
108
109
102

99
97
97
93
89

198
191
209
218
215

131
133
181
138
142

279
242
247
257
261

50
48
49
50
50

313
804
320
342
306

-------------------------- ... ------

22
19
20
21
21

114
11!t
119
lIS
129

83
101
113
95
86

211
233
275
268
274

157
162
149
141
190

270
285
279
277
310

53
55
56
60
68

22
24
29
31
34

124
144
149
156
177

41
48
37
34
31

20Z
24&
251
234
204

29
27
23
22
23

20g.
164
173
179

24
23
25
24
27

165
149
13S
145
113

25
24
26
26
31

194
206
177
177
2()4

n.6

n
n

75.6
84.7
93.4
96.0
96.9

106
125
147
151
151

114
132
145
146
153

68
87
117
126
119

109
140
172
184
172

110.4
127.2
111.9
96.6
90.6

170
182
162
131
126

189
221
180
143
137

117
112
104
81
82

187
181
172
141
140

85
96
77
72
73

300
300
291
257
243

318
525
834
185
166

399
464
419
356
325

76
69
68
58
57

94.5
96.2
85.4
89.9
93.8

131
180
115
130
134

145
142
ISO
139
143

90
83
71
92
95

139
129
113
142
150

75
73
79
82
85

278
323
279
274
280

167
147
148
161
153

332
350
336
327
328

59
60
57
5.9
58

1805 --------1804 --------1803 --------1802 --------1801 ---------

96.6
89.1
81. 6
80.1
94.5

141
126
118
117
142

149
139
129
123
146

106
89
83
84
113

162
142
135
132
177

85
84
83
80
71

270
252
232
230
236

196
182
152
153
167

309
300
290
301
348

58
56
53
55
55

1800 --------1799 --------1798 --------1797 --------1796 ---------

87.5
85.5
84.1
86.6
93.6

129
126
122
131
146

133
132
128

99
98
93
98
116

225
62
157
227
62
147
226
65
145
163 --------- -- ------186 --------- -- -------

159
150
131
144
150

322
310
304
299
284

51
51
51
54
58

232

---------

---------

10~

99
113
121
128

-----------------

----------------.-------.-------.--------.-------.--------

------------------------------------------------538 --------814 --------848 --------785 --------570 --------483 --------538 --------455 --------440 --------519 --------511 --------493 --------431 --------377 --------445 --------427 --------523 --------442 ------------- ---- - ---------------- -- ------300
806
818
327
376

113

191

GENERAL PRICE INDEX

Data: L 1-25

Series L 1-14.-GENERAL PRICE INDEX (SNYDER-TUCKER) AND WHOLESALE PRICE


INDEXES (WARREN AND PEARSON): 1749 TO 1938-Con.
pr~ce

muex
(SnyderTucker),
1913=
100

YEAR

1910-1914=100

WHOLESALE PRICE INDEXES (WARREN AND PEARSON),

) Gen.eral/

All
commodities

Major product
Farm
products'

Foods

Fuel
and
lighting

Metals Buildand
ingmametal
products terials

Spirits

56
40
39

25
23
22

All
com-

grou~s

mod=

YEAR

Miscellaneous

ities,
19101914
=100 1

All

All
com-

rnod~

mod-

I com- I
ities,
19101914
=100 1

YEAR

YEAR

I
I

ities,
19101914
=100 1

YEAR

All
commodities,
19101914
=100 I

- - - - - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - - - - ---------I
2
2
4
5
8
13
2
2
142
10
9
---- - - - - -- - -- - ----- - -- - -- - - - - - ------ ------ --- --- --- --1795 ___
1794 ___
1793 __ ":
1792 ___
1791. __

88.6
93.6
83.2
66.9
63.6

131
108
102

-----85-

1790 ___ -------1789 ___ -------1788 ___ -------1787 ___ -------1786 ___ -------1

102
76
75

90
86

57

163
135
125

155
125
122

259
258
240

220
158
163

-------------------99- ----i66- -------240 -----3419


148

68
68

104
94

95
99

247
250

17
16

35
35

141
152

------------------------------------ -------- -------- -------90


78
103
127
236
15
148
36
90
75 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

1785 __
92
1784 __ ------1783 __ ------1782 __ ------1781._
216

1775 __
1774 __
1773 __
1772 __
1771._

75
76
84
89
79

1765 __
1764 __
1763 __
1752 __
1761._

72
74
79
87
77

1755 __
1754 __
1753 __
1752 __
175L_

66
65
65
66
65

1780 __
1779 __
1778 __
1777 __
1776 __

1770 __
1769 __
1768 __
1767 __
1766 __

77
77
74
77
73

1760 __
1759 __
1758 __
1757._
1756 __

79
79
70
65
66

1750 __
1749 __

60
68

225
226
140
123
86

Warren and Pearson.

Series L 15-25.-WHOLESALE PRICE INDEXES-BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS: 1801 TO 1945


[1926 ...100 J

10
All commodities

Farm
products

Foods

Hides and
leather
products

15.

16

17

18

19

1945 ___________________________
1944 ___________________________
1943 _____ .______________________
1942 ___________________________
1941 ___________________________

105.8
104.0
103.1
98.8
87.3

128.2
123.3
122.6
105.9
82.4

106.2
104.9
106.6
99.6
82.7

118.1
116.7
117.5
117.7
108.3

100.1
.98.4
97.4
96.9
84.8

_________________ ~ _________
1940
939 ___________________________
1938
___________________________
1
___________________________
1937
1936 ___.________________________
935 ___________________________
1934 ___________________________
1933 __________________________ .
1932 _____ .______________________
1
1981 __________________________ .
980 ___________________________
1929 ___________________________
1928 ___________________________
1
927 _____________ ________ ._____
1926
__________________________ .
1
925
__________________________
.
1
924 _____ _____________________
1923
___________________________
1922 ___________________________
1921 _____________________.______
1
2/}. _________________________ .
19 19 _____________________ _____
19 18 ___________________________
1917 ___________________________
19 16 ___________________________
19
15 ___________________________
1914 ___________________________
19
___________________________
19 13
12 ___________________________
19
19 11 ___________________________

78.6
77.1
78.6
86.3
80.8

67.7
65.3
68.5
86.4
80.9

71.3
70.4
73.6
85.5
82.1

100.8
95.6
92.8
104.6
95.4

80.0
74.9
65.9
64.8
73.0

78.8
65.3
51.4
48.2
64.8

83.7
70.5
60.5
61.0
74.6

86,4
95.3
96.7
95,4
100.0

88.3
104.9
105.9
99,4
100.0

103.5
98.1
100.6
96.7
97.6

YEAR

10 ___________________________
1909 ___________________________
19 08 ___________________________
19 07 _____________________ - _- _-.
19 06. __________________________
19
05 ______________ . __________ -_
19 04
___________________________
19 03 __________________________ .
19 02 _______________________ -. - 19 01 _______________________ - _-19

748706-49-16

MAJOR PRODUCT GROUPS

Textile
products

Fuel and
lighting
20

Metals and
Building
metal
materials
products
21

22

84.0
83.0
80.8
78.5
76.2

104.7
103.8
103.8
103.8
99.4

117.8
115.5
111.4
110.2
103.2

73.8
69.7
66.7
76.3
71. 5

71. 7
73.1
76.5
77.6
76.2

95.8
94,4
95_7
95.7
87.0

94.8
90.5
90.3
95.2
86.7

89.6
86.6
80.9
72.9
86.1

70.9
72.9
64.8
54.9
66.3

73.5
73.3
66.3
70.3
67.5

86.4
86.9
79.8
80.2
84.5

90.5
99.9
101.0
96.7
100.0

100.0
109.1
121.4
107.7
100.0

80.3
90.4
95.5
95.6
100.0

78.5
83.0
84.3
88.3
100.0

109.8
100.0
98.6
93.8
88.4

100.2
91.0
92.7
87.6
90.6

105.3
101.5
104.2
104.6
109.2

108.3
106.7
111.3
100.2
94.5

154.4
138.6
131.3
117.5
85.5

150.7
157.6
148.0
129 0
84.4

137,4
129.5
119.1
104.5
75.7

171.3
174.1
125.7
123.8
93.4

69.5
68.1
69.8
69.1
64.9

71.5
71.2
71.5
72.6
66.8

65.4
64.7
64.2
66.8
62.0

70.4
67.6
62.9
65.2
61.8

74.3
69.6
62.2
62.2
57.3

60.1
59.7
59.6
58.9
55.3

56.4
58.5
55.6
58.4
52.8

Chemicals
Houseand allied furnishing
goods
products
23

95.2
95.2
94.9
95.5
84.4

24

Miscellaneous
25

104.5
104.3
102.7
102.4
94.3

94.7
93.6
92.2
89_7
82.0

77.0
76.0
77.0
82.6
78.7

8S.5
86.3
86.8
89.7
81. 7

77.3
74.8
73.3
77.8
70.5

85.3
86.2
77.0
71.4
79.2

79.0
75.3
72.1
73.9
79.3

80.6
81.5
75_8
75.1
84_9

68.3
69.7
62.5
64.4
69.8

92.1
100.5
97.0
96.3
100.0

89.9
95.4
94.1
94.7
100.0

88.7
94.0
95.0
96.1
100.0

92.7
94.3
95.1
97.5
100.0

77.7
82.6
85.4
91.0
100.0

96.5
92.0
97.3
107.3
96.8

103.2
106.3
109.3
102.9
117.5

101. 7
102.3
108.7
97.3
97,4

101.8
98.9
101.1
100.3
115.0

103.1
104.9
108.9
103.5
113.0

109.0
93.6
99.7
92.8
109.2

14.8
135.. 3
137.2
98.7
70.4

163.7
104.3
109.2
105.4
74.3

149.4
130.9
136.5
150.6
116.5

150.1
115.6
98.6
88.2
67.6

164.7
157.0
182.3
165.0
160.7

141.8
105.9
93.3
74.2
61.4

167.5
139.1
134,4
122.1
100.6

75.5
70.9
68.1
64.5
58.8

54.1
54.6
57.3
55.7
55.5

51. 8
56.6
61.3
51.4
46.7

86.3
80.2
90.8
89.5
80.8

53.5
52.7
56.7
55.9
55.3

112.0
81.4
80.2
80.7
81. 6

56.0
56.8
56.3
53.0
52.7

86.9
89_9
93_1
106A
10S.6

64.9
62.6
58.7
57.0
53.4

60.2
61. 5
55.6
58.0
57.7

58.4
56.5
54.8
63.5
58.7

47.6
51. 6
53.7
54.4
52.0

85.2
84.5
86.3
109.8
102.4

55.3
53.7
52.0
56.8
54.0

82.0
79.9
79.6
78.5
76.8

54.0
51.7
51.6
55.0
51.3

152.7
129.6
97.8
108.2
115.3

55.1
54.0
52.0
53.3
50.5

53.9
49.7
49.9
50.8
48.9

54.1
52.9
52.8
49.4
48.1

49.6
53.3
60.3
51. 8
44.6

89.1
79.9
90.2
91.0
93.1

48.1
45.0
46.7
45.3
44.3

82.3
84.1
84.1
86.5
84.2

49.7
50.3
50.9
49.2
48.9

117.4
109.5
98.9
88.1
93.4

233

PRICE INDEXES

Data: L 15-:-35

Series L IS-2S.-WHOLESALE PRICE INDEXES-BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS:


1801 TO 1945-Con.
[1926-100 ]
10 MAJOR PRODUCT GROUPS

All commodities
YEAR

Farm
products

Fo,ods

Hides and
leather
products

16

17

18

15
1900 ___________________________
1899 ___________________________
1898 ___________________________
1897 ___________________________
189.6 ___________________________

Textile
products
19

and Building
Fuel and Metals
metal
lighting
products materials
20

Chemicals
Houseand allied furnishing
products
goods

22

21

23

MiscellaneoUB

24

25

56.1
52.2
48. I)
46.6
46.5

50.5
45.8
44.9
42.5
39.6

50.8
47.7
47.8
45.5
44.1

49.4
49.4
48.3
45.9
45.2

53.3
47.7
44.9
42.9
43.1

46.3
41.2
34.5
33.9
39.5

98.0
100.0
65.3
65.0
71.2

46.2
43.6
39.6
37.4
38.9

82.1
81.1
77.4
70.9
65.0

48.9
45.0
44.0
42.5
43.4

102.0
97.4
93.4
92.5
90.2

48.8
47.9
53.4
52.2
55.8

43.9
44.6
51.8
49.5
54.2

47.3
48.2
54.7
51.0
54.8

49.4
48.0
45.1
47.2
47.9

44.3
46.1
54.1
55.2
54.6

40.3
34.3
35.8
34.8
37.0

70.4
65.7
76.8
84.0
92.2

88.8
89.8
41.6
41. 7
44.2

64.7
65.5
72.7
74.6
74.0

43.5
45.3
48.1
48.1
50.4

88.9
86.4
89.0
86.6
94;3

1890 _____________ _____________


1889 ____ .: __ ___________________
18&8 ___________________________
1887 ___________________________
1886 ___________________________

56.2
57.4
57.4
56.4
56.0

50.4

55.5

47.5

57.8

38.1

105.3

46.5

73.2

49.9

97.9

YEAR

All commodities

1885 ___________________________
1884 ___________________________
1883 ___________________________
1882 ___________________________
1881 ___________________________

56.6
60.5
64.6
66.1
64.4

1880 ___________________________
1879 ___________________________
1878 ___________________________
1877 ___________________________
1876 ___________________________

65.1
58.8
61.7
67.5
72.0

1875 ___________________________
1874 ___________________________
1873 ___________________________
1872 ___________________________
1871 ___________________________

77.7
81.0
83.7
84.5
82.8

1870 ___________________________
1869 ___________________________
1868 ___________________________
1867 __________________'_________
1866 ___________________________

86.7
93.5
97.7
104.9
116.3

1895 ___________________________
1894 ___________________________
1898 _____ _____________________
1892 ___________________________
1891 ___________________________
~

YEAR

15

All commodities

All commodities

YEAR

15

1865 _________
1864 _________
1863 _________
1862 _________
186L ________

182.0
116.0
90.5
71.7
61.3

1860 _________
1859 _________
1858 _________
1857 _________
1856 _________

60.9'
61.0
62.0
68.5
68.9

1855 _________
1854 _________
1858 _________
1852 _________
185L ________

68.9
68.8
66.4
62.5
64.5

1850 _________
1849 _________

62.8
60.1

1848 __________
1847 __________
1846 __________

61.8
64.9
64.8

1845 __________
1844 __________
1843 __________
1842 __________
184L _________

62.6
62.1
61.8
65.7
70.5

1840 __________
1839 __________
1838 __________
1837 __________
1886 __________

71.1
83.5
79.4
82.8
88.5

1835 __________
1834 __________
1838 ____ ~ _____

74.6
65.6
70.4

YElAR

15

All comIllodities
15

1882 __________
183L _________

71.1
10.4

1830 __________
1829 __________
1828 _____ ~ ____
1827 __________
1826 __________

65.6
67.6
68.8
71.8
71.1

1825 __________
1824 __________
1823 __________
1822 __________
182L _________

71.8
71.1
71.8
75.2
73.2

1820 __________
1819 __________
1818 __________
1817 __________
1816 __________

.76.6
89.7
102.2
104.2
103.5

1815 __________
1814 __________
1813 __________
1812 __________
181L _________

121.5
154.6
128.6
106.8
,104.9

1810..; _________
1809 __________
1808 __________
1807__________
1806 __________

107.7
98.7
93.9
96.0
102.2

1805 __________
1804 _____ '- ____
1803 __________
1802 __________
1801. _________

104.2
101.5
93.9
91.8
111.8

Series L 26-35.-WHOLESALE PRICE INDEXES-ALDRICH REPORT: 1840 TO 1891


[ 1860-100]
FARM PRODUCTS

YEAR

8 MA,TOR PRODUCT GROUPS

Unweighted

Weighted

Food

Cloths
and
clothing

26

27

28

29

Fuel and
lighting
30

Metal and Lumber and Drugs and


Houseimplebuilding
furnishing
ments
materials chemicals
goods
31

32

33

34

Miscellaneous
35

1891 ____________________________ -_ - _____ --

97.1

98.4

103.9

81.1

91.0

74.9

122.3

86.3

70.1

95.1

1890 ____________________________________ -1889 __________________________________ - - -1888 ______________________________________


1887 __________________________________ - _-1886 __________ - _- _-- - - -- - - - _- -- - - - - - - - - - -1885 ______________________________________
1884 ____________________________________ -1888 ____________________________ - _____ - _-1882 ______________________ - _- _-_ - - - _ - _-- -1881 __________________________________ -_ --

97.4
91.3
95.7
94.9
96.5

93.7
86.5
93.6
89.6
87.5

104.6
111.9
109.4
104.2
99.5

82.4
83.6
84.7
84.7
85.1

92.5
95.3
94.9
88.6
86.2

73.2
72.9
74.9
74.9
75.8

123.7
124.0
124.8
126.5
128.5

87.9
88.8
86.0
83.6
83.9

69.5
70.0
66.9
66.4
68.4

89.7
88.8
89.8
88.6
91.3

93.9
104.7
100.8
114.4
121.1

87.9
100.8
102.0
120.3
117.1

98.7
108.9
118.8
118.8
110.9

84.8
88.9
94.8
98.7
99.9

89.6
102.4
114.2
110.1
113.7

77.4
81.0
87.5
91.2
91.1

126.6
129.5
134.3
137.5
131.3

86.9
95.7
98.1
107.6
110.4

70.1
76.3
77.5
78.1
77.6

97.5
111.9
117.3
114.6
108.8

1880 ______________________ - _____________ -_


1879 ____________________ - _____ -_ -_ - ___ - ___
1878 _____________________ -- - - -- - -- - - __ - _-1877 ____________________ - _-_ - _ - _________ -_
1876 ________________________ - -- - - _____ - _--

109.9
98.4
98.8
110.7
115.1

102.9
91.1
90.9
102.5
103.7

107.6
97.6
107.0
120.8
123.1'

104.5
91.1
93.2
101. 8
107.5

100.2
95.3
93.0
108.0
144.6

96.3
88.4
92.1
100.0
108.4

130.9
115.1
116.8
125.8
137.3

113.1
110.9
114.2
122.3
121. 8

85.2
68.6
74.3
79.0
87.2

109.8
102.1
111.7
118.2
114.2

1875 ____________________ - _-_ - ___ - _____ - _-_


1874 __________________ - _- - - - - - - - - _- - - _ - _-1873 ________________________ --- _ - __ - - _____
1872 ____________________ -_ - - - - - - - -- _ -_ -_ -1871 ______________ .: ___ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

126.1
137.5
132.6
129.2
130.4

131.4
137.6
119.5
124.3
127.6

130.5
131.5
129.8
133.3
169.3

120.1
127.9
136.9
143.0
133.8

156.5
149.&
134.6
149.2
144.1

117.5
121.1
129.8
128.0
122.2

143.7
154.9
171.9
166.9
151.4

144.2
146.8
141.5
134.0
139.4

95.0
109.5
109.1
123.2
128.5

122.9
129.8
132.4
132.7
148.8

1870 ______________________ - ___ - _______ - _-_


1869 __________________ - _- __ - - - - - - - - _- _ - _-1868 ________________________ -_ - ___ - _______
1867 ____________________ -_ - _______ -- - --- -1866 _______________________ - - ___ - _ - ___ -_ -_

146.9
162.4
172.8
171.4
171.7

130.6
163.9
179.1
181.9
185.6

153.8
162.9
164.2
163.9
173.8

139.4
147.5
146.8
179.9
226.6

196.5
206.8
218.7
196.3
280.5

127.8
141.8
150.5
161.8
171.1

148.3
165.9
174.8
178.8
186.9

149.6
160.9
177.9
211.2
230.2

121. 6
120.7
134.9
159.1
185.8

148.7
162.3
164.1
161.4
171.0

234

WHOLESALE PRICE INDEXES

Data: L 26-39

Series L 26-35.-WHOLESALE PRICE INDEXES-ALDRICH REPORT: 1840 TO 1891-Con.


[1860~100

FARM PRODUCTS

Unweighted

YEAR

, TIT

~~~h"~';

"C:;:.1j5L..1.\lC;u.

8 MAJOR PRODUCT GROUPS

Food

Cloths
clothing

and

Fuel and
lighting

IMi!~l:~d
'L~cifd{n~ndl Drugs. and
ments
materials chemIcals

Housefurnishing
goods

MiacelIaneous

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

1865 ______________________________________
1864 ______________________________________
1863 ______________________________________
1862 ______________________________________
1861 _______ ______________________________

194.6
259.8
176.6
131.7
91. 7

210.3
379.0
247.1
176.7
104.2

216.5
165.8
133.0
110.4
95.8

299.2
260.7
191.6
124.1
94.9

237.8
180.2
107.1
97.2
103.5

191.4
179.8
140.0
117.2
102.5

182.1
221.3
177.1
149.2
108.9

271.6
170.3
146.5
116.4
101.3

181.1
164.6
123.1
89.6
96.8

202.8
154.4
129.1
103.7
100.7

1860 ______________________________________
1859 ______________________________________
1858 ______________________________________
1857 __ '- ___________________________________
1856 ______________________________________

100.0
102.3
106.4
119.4
126.4

100.0

100.0
98.7
103.8
105.0
102.8

100.0
104.2
116.0
126.8
135.5

100.0
103.2
108.7
116.8
115.5

100.0
100.8
97.1
110.0
121.6

1855 ______________________________________
1854 ______________________________________
1853 _______________._______________________
1852 ______________________________________
1851 ______________________________________

120.6
114.0
102.0
94.8
92.5

1850 ______________________________________
1849 ______________________________________
1848 ______________________________________
1847 ______________________________________
1846 __ ___________________________________

94.3
83.3 ---------83.8
100.6 ---------79.2 ----- ...

------- ... --------------------------------------------------------------------------

100.0
98.8
94.6
117.5
110.4

100.0
101.1
98.0
106.0
100.6

100.0
98.8
111.4
113.3
126.4

100.0
100.1
101.3
110.4
115.3

111.8
105.9
101.2
88.7
90.6

94.7
97.4
98.6
88.7
94.7

121.1
106.8
101.6
93.5
97.S

117.8
125.6
122.8
117.7
119.2

10S.4
114.1
103.2
100.4
97.2

129.2
110.7
107.0
111.8
125.8

121.2
121.2
118.7
111.9
120.0

115.2
108A
109.2
100.S
102.7

----------------------

85.5
79.0
83.5
94.7
94.6

91.8
82.2
87.5
97.6
95.8

102.6
100.0
106.1
110.7
143.8

114.8
124.9
119.7
120.6
116.9

102.2
97.6
105.8
108.2
106.2

12S.6
111.0
113.0
112.5
123.9

125.6
120.5
121. 7
120.3
111.0

101.7
109.8
125.6
121. 7
111.0

----------

87.S
81.6
79.3
82.9
94.4.

97.1
105.0
99.9
100.9
113.4

239.6
119.7
187.5
202.0
208.9

110.8
133.3
114..7
118.7
123.7

106.7
105.4.
108.8
111.8

121. 0
119.7
121.4
131. 6
141.S

102.3
102.3
100.3
116.4
116.4.

114.8
129.5
128.5
170.6
141.1

96.6

110.7

395.8

123.5

110.0

14.5.8

116.4.

14.7.1

1845. _____________________________________
1844 ______________________________________
1843 ______________________________________
1842 ______________________________________
1841 ____ _________________________________

78.0
73.1
65.2
72.8
91.4

1840 ______________________________________

-------------------------------------

87.S

----------

103~0

Series L 36-39.-COST OF LIVING INDEXES-FEDERAL RESERVE (N. Y.), HANSEN,


BURGESS, DOUGLAS: 1820 TO 1926
1913-100

1918-100
YUB

1926 _________
1925 _________
1924 _________
1923 _________
1922 _________
1921. ________

Federal
Reserve
Bank of
New York

Hansen

Burress

Douglas,!
1890-99
-100

36

37

38

39

- ..... - ... ---- ---------- ------------------- -------<"'!:-- _.. _------_... -------------------------171 ------.------------....

-------------------

241
240
234
234
229
246

-------------------

168
182

----------

208
183
159
131
111

203.7
188".7
171.1
147.8
113.4

286
247
218
179
149

102
96

104
102
100
96
92

101.1
102.5
100.0
92.8
91. 5

136
139
137
133
132

1910 _________
1909 _________
1908 _________
1907 _________
1906 _________

96
91
91
95
90

94
91
87
90
85

93.1
88.6
84.4
82.0
78.2

128
121
121
126
119

1905 _________
1904 _________
1903 _________
1902 _________
1901. ______ -'_

87
87
88
84
82

81
81
81
78
75

76.0
76.1
74.8
74.8
70.6

115
115
116
111
108

1900 _________
1899 _________
1898 _________
1897 _________
1896 _________

80
77
75
75
74

76
72
69
67
69

67.7
66.1
65.9
63.9
62.9

106
102
100
100
99

1895 _________
1894. ________
1893 _________
1892 _________
1891. ________

73
73
75
77
76

70
71
76
75
76

64.2
65.3
69.1
67.5
68.8

97
97
100
102
101

1920 _________
1919 _________
1918 _________
1917 _________
1916 _________
1915 _________
1914 _________
1913 _________
1912 _________
191L ________

----------------------------

---------------------------100

YEAR

1913-100

Federal
Reserve
Bank of
New York

Hansen

BurgellB

36

37

38

YEAR

Federal
Reserve
Bank of
New York

Hansen

Burgess

36

37

38

1890 ________
1889 ________
1888 ________
1881- _______
1886 ________

78
78
78
76
76

77
81
79
78
77

67.8
67.8
67.5
65.4
65.3

1855 ________
1854 ________
1853 ________
1852 ________
185L _______

67
64
64
60
60

90
86
86
80
81

64.1
60.9
5S.9
5S.7
53.0

1885 ________
1884 ________
1883 ________
1882 ________
1881. _______

75
77
81
86
83

77
84
88
90
89

64.6
66.4
71.7
76.1
73.8

1850 ________
1849 ________
1848 ________
1847 ________
1846 ________

54
51
54

58
58

73
69
73
78
78

58.4.
61.1
63.1
63.4
59.0

54
52
51
55
60

72
70
69
74
81

56.3
54.9
53.6
53.5
55.9

1880 ________
1879 ________
1878 ________
1871- _______
1876 ________

80
79
80
80
81

86
78
86
93
101

71.3
68.8
69.6
77.2
78.0

1845 ________
1844 ________
1843 ________
1842 ________
184L _______

1875 ________
1874 ________
1873 ________
1872 ________
1871. _______

86
88
88
90
89

106
107
106
109
112

81.2
83.1
84.7
86.3
86.9

1840 ________
1839 ________
1838 ________
1837 ________
1836 ________

60
71
71
72
68

80
. 96
96
97
92

1870 ________
1869 ________
1868 ________
1861- _______
1866 ________

91
95
98
102
103

119
125
143
136
154

92.5
97.8
104.2
103.5
107.4

1835 ________
1834 ________
1833 ________
1832 ________
183L _______

60
51
56
57
56

81
69
75
77
75

1865 ________
1864 ________
1863 ________
1862 ________
1861. _______

102
95
79
69
63

191
141
109
96
77

108.1
104.6
80.0
66.0
61.2

1830 ________
1829 ________
1828 ________
1827 ________
1826 ________

54
58
57
57
55

78
76
77
74

1860 ________
1859 ________
1858 ________
1857 ________
1856 ________

61
63
69
70
68

82
85
93
94
92

63.0
63.7
61.2
67.3
63.9

1825 ________
1824 ________
1823 ________
1822 ________
1821. _______

58
57
61
64
62

78
76
82
86
84

1820 ________

65

88

72

----------

--- ... _----------------------... -------_.


-------------------------------------------------- --------- ------------------------------------------------_ ....
----------_ .. _------

-- .. _------

----------

! Douglas, index for 1890 is 104.

235

Data: L 40-52

Series L

CONSUMERS' PRICE INDEXES


40-47.~CONSU~/.IERS'

PRICE INDEXES-l'JATIOl'JAL INDUSTRIAL COl'JFERENCE


BOARD AND BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS: 1913 TO 1945
Consumer
price
index
(NIcB),
1923=1.0.0

YEAR

40

1945 ___________________________________________
1944 ___________________________________________
1943 ___________________________________________
1942 ___________________________________________
1941 ___________________________________________

CONSUMERS' PRICES (BLS), 1935-1939=100

All items

Food

Apparel

Rent

Fuel,
electricity,
and ice

Housefurnishings

Miscellaneous

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

1.06.3
1.04.6
1.03.1
97.7
89 . .0

128.4
125.5
123.6
116.5
105.2

139.1
136.1
138 . .0
123.9
1.05.5

145.9
138.8
129.7
124.2
1.06.3

1.08.3
1.08.2
1.08 .0
1.08.5
1.06.2

11.0.3
109.8
1.07.7
1.05.4
1.02.2

145.8
136.4
125.6
122.2
1.07,3

124.1
121.3
115 .. 8
11.0.9
104 . .0

85.3
84.5
85.7
87.8
84.1

1.0.0.2
99.4
1.0.0.8
1.02.7
99.1

96.6
95.2
97.8
105.3
1.01.3

1.01.7
1.0.0.5
102.2
1.02.8
97.6

1.04.6
1.04.3
1.04.1
1.00.9
96.4

99.7
99 . .0
99.9
1.0.0.2
1.0.0.2

1.00.5
101.3
103.3
104.3
96.3

1.01.1
100.7
101.5
101. 0
98.7

1935 ______________________ ____________________


1934___________________________________________
1933 ___________________________________________
1932 _________________________________ .__________
1931 ___________________________________________

82.2
79.4
74.9
77.9
87.2

98.1
95.7
92.4
97.6
1.08.7

1.0.0.4
93.7
84.1
86.5
1.03.9

96.8
96.1
87.9
9.0.8
1.02.6

94.2
94.4
1.0.0.7
116.9
13.0.3

1.0.0.7
1.01.4
1.0.0 . .0
1.03.4
1.08.9

94.8
92.8
84.2
85.4
98 . .0

98.1
97.9
98.4
101. 7
1.04.1

193.0 _____________ ______________________________


1929 _______________ ___________ .. _______________
1928 ________ ____________________ . _____________
1927___________________________________________
1926 ___________________________________________

96.7
10.0.1
1.0.0.6
1.02 . .0
1.04.3

119.4
122.5
122.6
124 . .0
126.4

126 . .0
132.5
13.0.8
132.3
137.4

112.7
115.3
116.5
118.3
12.0.6

137.5
141.4
144.8
148.3
15.0.7

111.4
112.5
113.4
115.4
117.2

1.08.9
111.7
113.1
115.9
118.8

1.05.1
1.04.6
1.03.8
1.03.2
1.02.6

1925_..: _________________________________________
1924 __________________________________________ ._
1923 ________________ __________________ _______
1922 ___________________________________________
1921 ___________________________________________

1.03.7
1.01.3
10.0 . .0
97.4
1.02.3

125.4
122.2
121.9
119.7
127.7

132.9
122.8
124 . .0
119.9
128.3

122.4
124.9
125.9
125.6
154.8

152.2
151.6
146.4
142.7
138.6

115.4
113.7
115.2
113.1
114 . .0

121.5
124.0
126.1
117.5
138.5

1.02.2
1.01.4
1.00.8
1.01.2
104.3

192.0 ___________________________________________
1919 ___________________________________________
1918 ___________________________________________
1917 ___________________________________________
1916 ___________________________________________

118.2
11.02.4
19.0.5
177.6
165.4

143.3
123.8
1.07.5
91.6
77.9

168.8
149.8
134.4
116.9
9.0.8

2.01 . .0
168.7
127.5
94.1
78.3

12.0.7
1.02.7
94.9
93.2
94 . .0

1.06.9
91.1
84.2
72.4
65 . .0

164.6
134.1
1.06.4
82.8
7.0.9

1.00.8
87.6
77.8
65.i
56.3

1915 ____________________________________ ______


1914 ____________________________ ______________
1913 ___________________________________________

161..0
161.3

72.5
71.8
7.0.7

8.0.9
81.8
79.9

71.4
69.8
69.3

92.9
92.2
92.2

62.5
62.3
61.9

63.6
6.0.7
59.1

51.9
50.9

194.0 ___________________________________________
1939 ___________________________________________
1938 ___________________________________________
1937 ___________________________________________
1936 ___________________________________________

------------

53.6

1 The figures for 1914-1917 and 1919 are for the month of July; that for 1918 is for the month of June.

Series L 48-52.-RETAIL PRICE INDEXES-FOOD, RENT, AND FUEL: 1860 TO 1945


BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

YEAR

Gas,!
Food,
1913
1913=1.0.0 Apr.
==1.0.0
48

49

1945 _____
1944 _____
1943 _____
1942 _____
1941. ____

---------- ------------------- ------------------- ------------------- ------------------- ---------194.0 _____


1939 _____ ---------- ------------------- ---------1938 _____ ------------------1937 ___
------------------1936 _____
---------- _... -------1935 _____
1934 _____ ---------- ---------12.0 . .0
~_

Coal, Oct. 1922Sept. 1925-1.0.0


Bituminous

Anthracite,
chestnut

56

51

YEAR

-----

Gas,!
Food,
Apr. 1913
1913=1.0.0
=1.0.0
48

YEAR

Bituminous

Anthracite,
chestnut

56

51

Food
(BLS),
1913=10.0

YEA~

48

Rents in
5 large
cities 2
(WarrenPearson).
1860=10.0
52

1.06.5
104.3
10.0.9
96.7
92.6

1.02.7
99.2
93.9
88.7
85.2

1925 ____
1924 ____
1923 ____
1922 ____
19?!. ___

157.4
145.9
146.2
141.6
153.3

129.5
13.0.5
131.6
135.8
138.9

93.8
95 . .0
1.06.9
1.05.6
11.0.5

10.0.7
10.0.2
1.0.0.3
95.9
95.8

1905_~ __
19.04 ____
19.03 ____
1902 ____
19D!. ___

76.4
76 . .0
75 . .0
75.4
71.5

188.0 ____
1879 ____
1878 ____
1877 " ___
1876 ____

87.8
87.7
88.7
88.4
87.1

8.0.8
77.2
79.1
79.6
82.7

192.0 ____
1919 ____
1918 ____
1917 ____
1916 ____

203.4
185.9
168.3
146.4
113; 7

114.7
109.5
1.0.0 . .0
95.8
96.8

116.4
82.8
8.0.7
73.3
58 . .0

95.1
75.8
64.8
58 . .0
51.4

190.0 ____
1899 ____
1898 ____
1897 ____
1896 ____

68.7
67.7
67.1
65.4
64.9

1875 ____
1874 ____
1873 ____
1872 ____
1871. ___

162
166
173
173
173

57.7
97.9
50 . .0
59.2
98.9
49.6
56.2
1.0.0 . .0
49.2
97.9 ---------- ---------98.9 ---------- ----------

1895 ____
1894 ____
1893 ____
1892 ____
1891. ___

66.5
67.8
71.0
69.3
7.0.6

187.0 ____
1869 ____
1868 ____
1867. ___
1866 ____

180
187
179
167
187

1865 ____
1864 ____
1863 ____
1862 ____
1861. ___
1860 ____

175
168
123
101
101
100

1933 ____ ~
1932 _____
1931. ____

11.0.8
99.7
1.02.1
121.3

12.0 . .0
121.1
124.2

85.7
85.4
79.1
79.7
86.2

79.4
85 . .0
85.0
88.7
97.3

1915 ____
1914_':' __
1913 ____
1912 ____
1911. ___

1.01.3
1.02.4
1.0.0 . .0
97.6
92 . .0

193.0 _____
1929 _____
1928 _____
1927 _____
1926 _____

147.1
156.7
154.3
155.4
16.0.6

127.4
128.4
127.4
128.4
129.5

91.3
91.5
92.8
96 . .0
96.5

97.3
97.7
98.1
99.4
1.02.9

1910 ____
1909 ____
19.08 ____
19.07. ___
1906 ____

93.0
88.7
84.3
82 . .0
78.7

1 Relative net price per 1,.0.00 cubic feet of manufactured gas based on a family
consumption of 3,0.0.0 cubic feet in specified months of each year: April, 1907-192.0;
May 1921; March, 1922-1924; June, 1925-1934.

236

49

Coal, Oct. 1922Sept. 1925=1.0.0

101.1 ---------1.02.1 ---------1.03.2 ---------1.04.2 ------------------- ---------2

----------------------------------------------

189.0 __ __
69.6
1889 ____
---------1888 ____ ---------1887 ____ .
1886 ____ -------------------

Boston, Philadelphia, Cincinnati, Louisville, and St. Louis.

151
148
152
148
147

Chapter M. Balance of Payments and Foreign Trade (Series M 1-112)


International Balance of Payments: Series M 1-41

prior to 1914 are admittedly far less satisfactory than the data for
the later period because, with the possible exception of merchandise trade, very few data are available for this early period to provide a basis ior estimating international transactions.

The international accounts of the United States comprise the international balance of payments and the international investment
position of the United States. The balance of payments shows for
given time periods, e.g., one year, the transfers of assets and the
TABLE I.-INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS: 1821 TO 1849
form of compensation for these transfers between this country and
[ In millions of dollars J
the rest of the world; the international investment position indicates for specific dates the value of U. S. investments abroad and
1821-1837
1838-1849
ITEM
of foreign investments in the United States; The two types of acCredit
Debit
Credit
Debit
counts, however,. are not strictly comparable; the transfers of
TotaL __________ .-- ___ ___ ________ 1,854.7 1,827.4 1,827.5 1,762.9
assets between countries as shown in the balance of payments is
Merchandise __________________________ 1,389.0 1,574.0 1,392.0 1,358.0
only one of the factors affecting the value of foreign investments.
Other factors, not shown in the balance of payments are changes
,
in security values and revaluation of assets, and reinvested earnCapital and interest ___________________
125.0
60.0
40.0
144.0
Sale of ships __________________________
8.0 ________
5.2 _______ _
ings and losses.
11.0 ____ __ __
75.0
15.0
Immigrants____ _ ___ __ ___ __ _____ ___ __ __
Tourists______________________________ ________
11.0 ________
84.5
M 1-13. International investment position of the United States,
Mexican War and indemnity____________ ________ ________ ________
25.0
1843-1945 (selected years). SOURCE: For 1843-1914 and portions
of the data for 1919, 1924, and 1929, see Lewis, Cleona, America's
Stake in International Investments, The Brookings Institution,
The balance-oi-payments statement in series M 14-41 reflects
Washington, D. C., 1938. Other data are estimates of the Inter- all the exchanges of goods, services, gold, and capital claims benational Economics Division, Office of Business Economics, De- tween the United States and all other areas of the world. For
partment of Commerce. Published sources where available are as periods prior to 1940, the figures include data for continental
follows (all Department of Commerce): For 1919 and 1930, see The United States, Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. Since 1940, data
United States in the World Economy, Economic Series No: 23, 1943, for the Virgin Islands, the Panama Canal Zone, and American
p. 123; for 1927, data represent partial revisions of previously Samoa are also included.
published data; for 1931, see Balance of International Payments of
Transactions are divided into' four categories-goods and serthe United States in 1931, Trade Information Bulletin No. 803, vices, unilateral transfers, long-term capital movements, and gold
1932, pp. 44, 48, 62; for 1935, see Foreign Investments in the United and short-term capital movements. The statement is built on a
States, 1937, p. 5; for 1940 and 1945, see International Transac- double-e~try system, whereby every transaction is recorded both
tions of the United States During the War, 1940-45, Economic Series as a debit and a credit. The rules for distinguishing debits and
No. 65, 1948, p. 110. In the Brookings data, wherever possible, credits are the same as for double-entry bookkeeping: Debits redirect investments are based on book value; while portfolio invest- present increases in assets or decreases in liabilities, and credits
ments are calculated at par value for bonds and preferred stock, represent decreases in assets or increases in liabilities. Thus an
and at market value for common stock. Similar practices were export of merchandise in return for a check drawn on a foreign
followed in the estimates of the Department of Commerce for bank account in this country results in a credit for the export (a
1930, 1931, and 1935; and miscellaneous portfolio investments reduction in an asset) and a debit for the reduction in foreign bank
were calculated at market values wherever possible. For 1940 and deposits (a reduction in a liability). Unilateral transfers to foreign
1945 bonds and preferred stock were calculated at market values. countries (payments, series M 28) are debits (as are expense items
. These series consist of estimates which have been prepared by in accounting), and unilateral transfers jromforeign. countries
compilers who used different valuation methods and whose data (receipts, series M 19) are credits (as are income items in accountvaried in completeness. While the estimates are therefore not ing). While it is true that all transactions have a debit and credit
homogeneous, they do present rough indications of the magnitudes phase, both sides are no~ estimated simultaneously or from the
involved.
. same sources; hence the possibility of error and the resulting resiM 14-41. International transactions of the United States, 1850- dual or "errors and omissions" item (series M 41) which has been
1945. SOURCES: For 1850-1918, see Bullock, C. J., Williams, J. H., given the plus or minus sign necessary to make the account baland Tucker, R. S., "The Balance of Trade of the United States," ance for each of the years and periods shown.
The Review of Economic Statistics, July 1919, pp. 215-266; for 1919The Department of Commerce began its series in 1922, later
1944, see Department of Commerce, International Transactions of extending the data backward to cover the years 1919-1921. Conthe. United States During the War, 1940-45 Economic Series No. tinued changes and improvements in the methods of collecting
65, 1948, table 1, p. VIII, and table XXVI, pp. 221-222; for 1945, data have occurred and the figures have become progressively
see Survey of Current Business, June 1948, p. 8. Data for the years more reliable over time. An attempt has been made to make the
1919-1939 represent rearrangements of estimates published in data comparable over the entire period by including the same kind
Department of Commerce, The United States in the World Econ- of transactions under each category with the exception of the treatomy, Economic Series No. 23, 1943. Methods of estimating the ment of gold (see text for M 37-40). In particular, beginning about
component series are described briefly in the appendixes to The the middle 1930's, a much greater reliance was placed on direct
United States in the World Economy, and in more detail in Inter- questionnaires than had been the case in earlier years. The method
nationa.l Transactions of the United States During the War, 1940-45. of estimating individual items described below is, in general,
The data from 1821-1849 shown in table 1, and the data for the descriptive only of recent years.
M 14 and M 23. Total receipts and total payments, 1850-1945.
years 1850-1918 shown in series M 14-41, are published in Bullock,
Williams, and Tucker, mentioned above. These data for the period. SOURCE: See text for series M 14-41. Series M 14 comprises the

~:~i;~l;;;~~~=o;=~~~~;=~t;;~;;======== --~~Ir 1:i:~ --~Iif --i}~:r

,I
I

1
j

237

Text: M 14-31

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS AND FOREIGN TRADE

summation of figures in series M 15, M 19-20. Series M 23 com- ' of United States railroads hauling foreign goods in transit through
prises the summation of series M 24, M 28-29.
the United States and of earnings and expenses of American railM 15 and M 24. Total goods and services, 1850-1945. SOURCE: roads operating in Canada.
Travel estimates involved the use of data collected by the Im~
See text for series M 14-41. Here are included all exports or imports of movable goods and so-called invisible items, or services. migration and Naturalization Service on the volume of internaThe latter include shipping, travel, property income (interest, tional travel and sample data on average expenditures collected
dividends, and profits), and other miscellaneous service to the by the Department of Commerce through use of direct questionextent as estimates have been attempted. For the later years such naires to international travelers.
estimates include insurance transactions, expenditures of foreign
Data on other visible items have been collected from a wide
governments in the United States, management fees, motion variety of sources, including direct questionnaires to communipicture and other toyalties, and various smaller items. Exports are cations companies, insurance companies, and advertising firms.
credits (or receipts) since in each case the country is giving up an Expenditures of United States Government agencies abroad have
asset; contrariwise, imports (or payments) are debits because the been provided by such agencies.
country is acquiring an asset.
M 19 and M 28. Unilateral transfers, 1850-1945. SOURCE: See
M 16 and M 25. Goods, 1850-1945. SOURCE: See text for series
text for seriesM 14-41. These are gifts, contributions, and other
M 14-41. The basic data on merchandise trade are those published transfers of value not involving a quid pro quo in the form of goods,
annually in Foreign Commerce and Navigation of the United States, services, gold, or capital assets. The item includes not only cash
Bureau of the Census. For the years after 1914 and particularly gifts, such as immigrant remittances, but also the value of gifts in
after 1919 to an increasing extent, adjustments have been made
kind, such as UNRRA or lend-lease shipments. Thus unilateral
to correct for known overvaluation or undervaluation, to exclude
transfer debits reflect the value of all gifts, contributions, and
noncommercial items, to include an estimate for smuggled goods similar items to foreign countries, whether in cash or other capital
and other nonrecorded trade, and to adjust for certain differences
claims, or in the form of goods or services. Information regarding
in territorial coverage, e. g., the inclusion of trade with the PanGovernment unilateral transfers (lend-lease, UNRRA, aid to
ama Canal Zone in the original statistics. Since 1940 it has been
China, war settlements, etc.) has been obtained either from the
possible to substitute to a large extent actual purchase data on
Government agencies involved or from their official reports and Government-procured imports; also transfer figures based on fiscal
other publications.
records were used for lend-lease exports ,instead of the figures apIn earlier years personal remittances were estimated largely on
pearing in the recorded trade statistics. For the years after World
War I and World War II, sales and other transfers of surplus the basis of information furnished to the Department of Comproperty located abroad were added. Payments for merchandise, merce by American foreign service officers abroad regarding esti~
particularly during and after World War II, include also military mates of personal remittance receipts from the United States by
purchases abroad which were not imported. Beginning in 1919, ad- persons living in the countries to which they were accredited.
justment for the special treatment of gold has been made (see Beginning in the middle 1930's, American banks and other remitting agencies were requested to report directly to the Department
series M 37-40, below).
of Commerce on this item.
M 17 and M 26. Income on investments, 1850-1945. SOPRCE:
In recent years institutional remittances have been based on
See text for series M 14-41. In earlier years these data represent
partiCUlarly rough estimates based on estimates of the value of direct questionnaires to various religious, educational, and charAmerican investments abroad and foreign investme~ts in the itable institutions remitting funds abroad, including the Red Cross
United States, and assumed over-all rates of return on such invest- and various war relief agencies.
M 20-22 and M 29-31. Long.term capital movements, 1850ments. Beginning about the middle 1930's, direct questionnaires
were inaugurated in an attempt to get better data for this item. 1945. SOURCE: See text for series M 14-41. These data represent
A questionnaire to American companies having foreign branches shifts in capital claims of indefinite maturity or of a maturity of
and subsidiaries was started in 1937. Interest on foreign dollar more than one year. They refer not only to securities (stocks, bonds,
bonds was estimated on the basis of information available regard. mortgages, etc.) but also to real property (farms, branch factories,
ing individual' issues beginning in 1931, supplemented in later and real estate). Real property purchased by the government for
years by estimates from various sour~es regarding the percentage its own use, however, has been incl_ed in services, while all_ exof each is~ue held in the United States. Data received by the penditures of religious and charitable institutions are included in
Bureau of Internal Revenue in connection with the withholding unilateral transfers, even if they involve the purchase of fixed
of tax on income paid to nonresident aliens on their investments assets. Investments of the United States abroad are assets; foreign
in the United States have been extensiv~ly used particularly since investments in the United States are liabilities.
1936, when, for the first time, dividends were subjected to the
Long-term capital movements consist of: (1) New issues, amorwithholding tax.
tizations, and transactions in outstanding securities. Information
M 18 and M 27. Other services, 1850-1945. SOURCE: See text for is received from direct questionnaires to brokers and other dealers
series M 14-41. This category includes freight and shipping, travel, in se'curities. Since 1935 these questionnaires have been under the
and miscellaneous services. Freight receipts and payments have jurisdiction of the Treasury Department which operates through
been based largely on recorded data showing the tonnage of exports the various Federal Reserve Banks. (2) Direct investments. Until
and imports in American and foreign bottoms, respectively. These 1937 movements of direct investment capital were estimated very
figures have been collected by the United States Maritime Com- roughly on the basis of published reports, newspaper clippings,
mission and its predecessor agencies. With these tonnage data and and similar items, together with known or estimated changes of
information gathered from various sources regarding freight rates, the total value of American direct investments abroad. Beginning
estimates of shipping revenue were made. Expenditures of Amer- . in 1937 questionnaires have been received from a substantial
ican vessels in foreign ports and of foreign vessels in American number of American companies with large direct investments
ports have been estimated on the basis of fixed percentages of total abroad showing annual movements on intercompany account and,
revenues earned; these percentages were arrived at largely on the beginning in the last half of 1945, changes in holdings of securities
basis of certain financial data furnished to the Maritime Commis- of subsidiaries. Practically no data are available on movements of
sion by the subsidized American lines, together with other general foreign direct investment capital in the United States. (3) Governinformation regarding the ratios of port expenditures to gross ment loans and investments. This information has been received
earnings. The account also includes a small estimate for earnings from the Government agencies involved, such as the Treasury De238

l~.

Text: M 20-50

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS

f.'

t
I..

~.

partment, Export-Import Bank, and Recol1Btruction Finance house withdrawals prepared by importers or their brokers, and of
Corporation.
export declarations prepared by shippers. or their authorized
M 23-:U. Payments, 1850-1945. SOURCE: See text for series agents or brokers.
M 14-41. Series M 23 comprises the summation of series M 24,
Annual statistics on foreign trade appear in the report Foreign
28-29. The discussion of each of series M 23-31 is combined, above, Commerce and Navigation of the United States, and monthly data
with the text for each of the companion series M 14-22.
appear in the lJonthly gummai'i/ of Foreign Commerce of the United
M 32-36. Excess of receipts or payments, 1850-1945. SOURCE: States. Except as noted, the values stated are in United States
See text for series M 14-41. These series represent the difference dollars without reference to changes in the gold content of the
between corresponding series of receipts and payments.
dollar. The geographic lltea covered by these statistics is the United
M 37-40. Net inflow or outflow of funds on gold and short-term States customs area, which includes Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto
capital account, 1850-1945. SOURCE: See text for series M 14-41, Rico, and from Janu~ry 1, 1935, through December 31, 1939, the
above. These data include all capital movements other than long- Virgin Islands of the United States.
term (see text for series M 20-22 and M 29-31), that is, moveBeginning with 1790, annual statistical statements on the forments of bank deposits and other claims payable on demand or eign commerce and navigation of the United States were compiled
with an original maturity of less than 1 year. Until 1919 the gold by the Treasury Department from reports submitted by the colentry in the balance of payments is the net international movement lectors of customs and transmitted to Congress by the Secretary
of gold in all its forms. Beginning in 1919, however, the gold entry of the Treasury. These annual statements for the years 1790 to
is the net change in the monetary gold stock, including Stabiliza- 1820 have been brought together and published with other reports
tion Fund holdings. Thus, since 1919, the gold stock is considered required by the Congress in two volumes of American State Papers.
a special kind of international asset, all increases in which are
In 1820, Congress established the Division of Commerce and
debited and decreases credited in the balance-of-payments stateNavigation in the office of the Register of the Treasury and rement. Gold may enter the balance-of-payments account either in
quired that collectors of customs compile and transmit annual
the form of merchandise or in monetary form. If domestic producreports to that office showing the detailed trade with foreign
tion of gold exceeds domestic nonmonetary use, such excess is
countries and the navigation employed therein. Beginning with
now treated as an export or credit and is shown as a plus (+) even
1821, these reports were consolidated and published annually in
if it enters the domestic monetary gold stock. If domestic conthe volume, Commerce and Navigation of the United States.
sumption exceeds production, the excess is now treated as an imIn 1866, Congress established in the Treasury Department a
port and is shown as a minus (-), and may be considered to be
that part of the imported gold used as merchandise and not added Bureau of Statistics and specified that the kinds, quantities, and
to the monetary gold stock. The latter was the case in the years valu~s of all articles exported and imported should be distinctly
1943-1945. The sum of the merchandise entry and the monetary set forth in the statistical accounts, by countries of destination or
gold entry, it should be noted, still equals net international gold of shipment, and that the exports of articles produced or manufactured in the United States should be shown separately from the
transactions.
Short-term capital movements have been based for many years reexports of foreign articles imported into the United States.
on information received directly from American banks regarding
Prior,to 1866, only annual statistics of the foreign commerce of
their liabilities to and claims on foreign countries. These figures the United States were compiled and published. Since then monthare published regularly, along with securities transactions, in the ly statistics have been published.
Federal Reserve Bulletin and Bulletin of the Treasury Department.
In 1923, the function of compiling foreign trade statistics was
Particularly during World War II a large number of transactions transferred to the Department of Commerce; however, the release
by the United States Government. fell in the short-term capital and publication of the annual figures had been done by that Decategory. These included advance payments for the purchase of partment since 1903. In 1941 the function was transferred, within
commodities, foreign currency, and deposits held by Government the Department of Commerce, from the Bureau of Foreign and
agencies, particularly the military, obligations incurred by the Domestic Commerce to the Bureau of the Census.
United States Government because of the use of "special" currenSince the appearance of the Statistical Ab8tract oj the Unit6d
cies by the armed forces, and other miscellaneous items.
States, the historical time series on United Sta.tes foreign trade
The net international movement of gold has been based on the
have, in general, been presented in that publication as well as in the
export-import data published by the Bureau of the Census and
aforementioned primary sources. The Ab3tract is therefore cited
data on gold held in the United States under earmark for foreign
here as a primary source fora large portion of the foreign trade
account by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Beginning
data shown.
with the data for 1919, as already indicated, the net international
M 42-44. Total merchandise, gold and silver exports and immovement of gold has been adjusted to allow for net domestic production over industrial consumption or vice versa. In making this ports, combined, 1821-1945. SOURCES: For 1821-1880, see Buadjustment it was considered that of the various series extant, reau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Foreign Commerce and
Navioation of the United States, 1912, pp. 43-44; for 1881-1903,
those on production, international movements, and changes in
monetary stock, were most accurate; domestic industrial consump- see Statistical Abstract, 1924, tables 427-428, pp.420-421; for 1904tion was then estimated as the residual element needed to bring 1945, see Statistical Abstract, 1947, table 996, p. 891. For compon
the other items into balance. The equation is: Domestic produc- ents, see text for series M 45-50 and M 51-55."0 If 7~ ]W %I
M 45-50. Gold and .silver exports an"d imports, 1821-1945.
tion plus imports (or minus exports) minus domestic consumption
SOURCES: For 1821-1864, see Foreion Commerce and Navigation
equals change in monetary stock.
M 41. Errors and omissions, 1850-1945. SOURCE: See text for of the United States, 1912, p. 43; for 1865-1880, see Statistical
series M 14-41. As indicated in the text for series M 14-41, this is Abstract, 1887, pp. 41, 42; for 1881"":'1945, see sources for series
the residual item which has been given the sign (+ or -) necessary M 42-44, above. The data shown here for 1821-1864 for series
M 47 and for series M 50 are not shown in the source but have
to make the account balance.
been derived as the residual of the exports and imports data as
shown in the source. Prior to 1895, figures for gold and silver relate
Foreign Trade: Series M 42-112
to coin and bullion only; subsequently they include ore also. DoM 42-112. General note. The sources of import, export, and mestic exports of gold and silver cannot be separately stated prior
in-transit statistics are the copies of the import entries and ware- to 1864, but it is probable that the greater portion of the exports
-

.'

-.~

r~

---

239

.:::....~

Text: M 45-86

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS AND FOREIGN TRADE

was gold. In the series shown here, the data on exports of goid
prior to 1864 include domestic exports of silver. The exports of
silver for years prior to 1864, therefore, consist of only foreign
exports, or reexports.
M 51-55. Merchandise, exports and imports, 1790-1945.
SOURCE: For 1790, see Foreign Commerce and Navigation of the
United States, 1912, p. 43; for 1791-1880, see Treasury Depart-:ment, Bureau of Statistics, Monthly Summary of Imports and Exports of the United States for the Fiscal 'Year, 1896, pp. 622-623;
for 1881-1903, see Statistical Abstract, 1924, tables 427"-428, pp.
420-421; for 1904-1945, see Statistical Abstr.act, 1947, tables 995996, pp. 890-891.
Merchandise export statistics include data on all shipments of
commodities and merchandise leaving the United States customs
area except: (1) Gold and silver and evidences of debt; (2) intransit merchandise; (3) bunker fuel, stores, supplies, and equipment for vessels and planes; (4) temporary exports; (5) merchandise having small value or no commercial value; (6) shipments of
military and naval supplies and equipment to the armed forces of
the United States; (7) shipments to United States Government
agencies or establishments.
"Exports of United States merchandise" (M 52) consist of
commodities grown, pr~duced or manufactured in the United
States, and commodities of foreign origin which have been changed
in the United .States from the form in which they were imported,
or which have been enhanced in value by further manufacture in
the United States.
"Reexports" (M 53) comprise withdrawals from customs bonded storage warehouses for exportation and exports of foreign merchandise (principally duty-free articles) which have previously
been formally entered through customs. Exports of foreign
merchandise consist of commodities. of foreign origin which have
entered the United States as imports and which, at the time of "exportation, are in the same condition as when imported.
Merchandise import statistics include data on all commoditie~
and merchandise reaching the United States except: (1) Merchandise not entering the United States customs area, such as articles
excluded from the United States by law, bunker fuel, and ships'
stores; (2) in-transit merchandise; (3) certain domestic merchandise returned from foreign countries; (4) gold, silver, and evidences
of debt; (5) merchandise having sman value or no commercial
value; (6) commodities entered under special provisions, such as
articles consigned to diplomatic officers. "General imports" (M 54)
consist of entries for immediate consumption and entries into
warehouses, and therefore comprise the total arrivals of merchandise, whether they enter consumption channels immediately or
are entered into warehouses under customs custody to be subsequently withdrawn for consumption or withdrawn for exportation.
M 56-67. Value of merchandise, exports and imports, by economic classes, 1821-1945. SOURCE: For 1821-1881, see Statistical
Abstract, 1907, table 266, pp. 698-701; for 1882-1903, see Statistical Abstract, 1926, table 477, pp. 448-449; for 1904-1945, see Statistical Abstract, 1947, table 1024, pp. 896-897. Export data are
exports of United States merchandise and imports are "imports for
consumption" from 1933--:1945. Prior to 1933, figures are for "gen_
eral imports." For definition of terms, see text for series M 51-55
and M 68-74.

The economic classes shown here are broad categories based on


groupings of more than 2,000 individual commodities listed in
Schedule B: Statistical Classification of Domestic and Foreign Commerce Exported From the United States and Regulations Governing
Statistical Returns of Exports of Commodities, "Part II, Numerical
Classification and Articles Included (January 1, 1945, edition),"
issued and kept current by the Foreign Trade Division of the
240

Bureau of the Census. Following are some of the important and


typical commodities included in each of the economic classes:
Exports
Crude petroleum
Coal
Raw cotton
Crude foodstuffs
Grains
Fruits
Vegetables
Manufactured foodstuffs Meat
Lard
Prepared fruits
Semimanufactures
Iron and steel
plates
Lumber
Refined copper
Crude materials

Imports
Crude rubber
Raw silk
Hides and skins
Coffee
Tea
Fruits
Sugar
Meat
Butter and cheese
Wood pulp
Copper in bars, etc.
Tin in bars, etc.

M 68-74. Value of merchandise imports and duties, 1821-1945.


SOURCES.: For 1821-1880, see Bureau of Foreign and Domestic
Commerce, Foreign Commerce and Navigation of the United States,
1912, p. 50; for 1841-1915, see Foreign Commerce and Navigation
of the United States, 1924, p. LXVII; for 1916-1943, see Statistical
Abstract, 1947, table 1023, p. 927; for 1944-1945, data are from
records of the Bureau of the Census. Imports are "imports for
consumption" consisting of entries for immediate consumption
and withdrawals from warehouses for consumption. The term
"entry for consumption" is the technical name of the import entry
made at the custom house, and implies that the goods have been
delivered into the custody of the importer and that the duties have
been paid on the dutiable portion. Some of them may be exported
afterwards.
From 1821 to 1866, inclusive, the figures of import values (series
M 68-70) represent net general imports (total imports less reexports), the amount of duty collected (calculated) being the annual
amounts collected on merchandise only. For 1867 and later years,
the figures of import values represent imports entered for consumption.
M 71. Duties calculated. The series described here as "duties
calculated" is the series identified in annual volumes of Foreign
Commerce and Navigation through the 1925 issue as "duties collected"; subsequent issues describe it as "duties calculated." In
spite of its description, it was a computed figure at'least back to
1876. The evidence indicates that the earlier years, at least in part,
were on a "duties collected" basis. This series should not be con-;
fused with the modern series called "duties collected" (not shown
here) which represents the total amoml. of duties actually collected (on individual shipments) as reported to the Treasury Department by Collectors of Customs, subject in certain cases to
subsequent refund as well as drawback. In contrast, "duties calculated" is a statistical measure derived by applying the appropriate rates to totals for all imports of the given commodity received at all ports of entrY; it does not reflect drawbacks or refunds
and is subject ~o some time lag in reporting.

M 72-73. Ratio of duties to total. The calculated ratio of duties


to total is simply the relationship of series M 71 to M 68 and M 70, "
respectively, expressed in percentage form. These series (M 72-73)
are similar to, but not identical with, the series described as Itratios
of duties to total" shown in annual issues of Foreign Commerce and
Navigation, 1925 to the present, and as "average ad valorem rates"
in earlier issues. These series have been computed as shown here
because of conflicts in source volumes with respect to early years.
M 75-86. Value of merchandise imports, free and dutiable, by
economic classes, 1821-1945. SOURCES: For 1821-1881, see Statistical Abstract, 1907, table 266, pp. 694-697; for 1882-1904, see
Statistical Abstract, 1926, table 478, pp. 450-451; for 1905-1945, see
Statistical Abstract, 1947, table 1024, pp. 928-929. Data are "general imports" through 1933; "imports for consumption" beginning

FOREIGN TRADE

1934. For definitions of the two terms, see text for series M 51-55
and M 68-7 4~ For the period 1922-1933, there is an understatement of the free goods and an overstatement of the dutiable goods
in general imports as follows: For 1922-1933, carpet wool used
for making carpets and, for 1922~ 1928, wheat imported for milling in bond for export, were reported as dutiable when entered
although no duty was ultimately paid on these products. For explanation of economic classes, see text for series M 56-67.
M 87-102. Value of merchandise exports and imports by destination and origin, 1821-1945. SOURCES: For 1821-1880, see Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1946, table 1016, pp. 910-911;
for 1882-1903, see Statistical Abstract, 1926, table 479, pp. ,452-453;
for 1904-1945, see Statistical Abstract, 1947, table 1014, pp.910911. The country of ultimate destination of the goods is shown as
the destination; but when the final destination is not known to the
exporter, the shipment is credited statistically to the country to
which it is consigned. The Philippine Islands are included with
Asia for all years; Turkey in Europe is with Asia beginning 1926;
Soviet Republics in Asia are with Europe beginning 1924; and
Hawaiian Islands are with Oceania prior to 1901. Northern
North America includes Iceland beginning 1942; that nation was
included with Europe prior to 1942.

Text:

lV!'a-!~

M 103-112. Value of merchandise exports and imports, by groups


of customs districts, 1860-1945. SOURCES: For 1860-1880, see
Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1923, table 695, pp. 824825; for 1881-1903, see Statistical Abstract, 1924, table 441, p. 441;
for 1904-1945, see Statistical Abstract, 1947, table 1020, p. 921.
Import data are "general imports" through 1933, and are "imports
for consumption" thereafter. The Customs district in which merchandise is entered or withdrawn for consumption is the district
shown in the "imports for consumption" statistics. The Customs
district shown in the "general import" statistics is the district
through which merchandise enters the United States either as 'an
entry for immediate consumption or as an entry into a customs
bonded warehouse. Except for shipments by mail the customs
district through which a shipment clears when it lea-ves the
country is the district to which the export is credited statistically.
Exports are not credited on the basis of the district in which the
shipments originate. Exports and imports by mail are credited to
the customs district at which the import entry is filed. For definition of terms, see text for series M 51-55 and M 68-74. Export
figures for 1865 and 1870-1878 represent mixed gold and currency
values and hence do not agree with the specie -values given for
total exports elsewhere.

241

BALAN~E

Data: M 1-41

OF PAYMENTS AND FOREIGN TRADE

Series M 1-13.-BALANCE OF PAYMENTS-INTERNATIONAL' INVESTMENT POSITIO}'J OF


THE UNITED STATES: 1843 TO 1945
[In billions of dollars 1
NET POSITION;
CREDITOR (+), DEBTOR (-)

UNITED STATES INVESTMENTS ABROAD

FOREIGN INVESTMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES

Long term
YEAR

Total

1
1945 ______
1940 ______

Long
term

Short
term

Total

Total,
long term

Direct

Long term
Total

Portfolio

Short
term

-0.9
-1.3

+6.3
+3.1

-7.2
-4.4

16.8
12.3

15.3
11.4

8.1
7.3

17.2
14.1

1935 ______
193L _____

+7.1
+12.1

+7.5
+12.3

-0.4
-0.2

13.5
15.9

12.6
14.6

7.8
8.1

1930 ______
1927 ______
1924 ______

+8.8
+7.2
+7.0

+9.5
+8.8
+,(.1

-0.7
-1.6
-0.1

17.2
13.8
10.9

15.2
12.5
10.0

1919 ______
1914
(June 30) __
1908 ______

+3.7

+4.0

-0.3

7.0

-3.7
-3.9

-3.2

-0.5

3.5
2.5

1897 ______
1869 ______
1843 ______

-2.71
-1.46
-0.2

-2.46
-1.31

0.69
0.08

0.69
0.08

(2)

(2)

(~)

-0.25
-0.15
(2)

(4)

Total,
long term

Direct

Portfolio

Short
term

10

11

12

13

6.3
5.3

8.7
5.3

3.5

1.3
1.5

14.3

2.7
2.9
1.0

1.5
1.1

17.7
13.6

9.0
8.3

4.8
6.5

0.9
1.3

6.4
3.8

5.1
2.3

(2)

8.0
6.6
5.4

7.2
5.9
4.6

2.0
1.3
0.9

8.4
6.6
3.9

15.7
3.7
2.9

(7)

6.5

3.9

2.6

0.5

3.3

2.5

0.9

1.6

0.8

3.5
2.5

2.6
1.6

0.9
0.9

----------

7.2
6.4

6.7

1.3

5.4

0.5

0.64

0.5

----------

3.4
1.54
0.20

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

1 Includes U. S. Government investments of which a small part, if privately


owned, would have been classified as "direct" investments, e.g., the activities of the
Rubber Development Corporation in Brazil during World War II.

----------

----(2)----

(2)

3.15
1.39

(2)

2.7
2.9
1.6
(')

'1.4

(2)

1.9

1.0

(')

(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)

. 0.25
0.15

(2)

Not available.
31929 data.
Negligible.

:I

Series M 14-41.-BALANCE OF PAYMENTS-INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE


UNITED STATES: 1850 TO 1945
[In millions of dollars

1
PAYMENTS

RECEIPTS

Long-term capital

Goods and services


Unilateral
transfers

Total
payments

Total

Goods

Inc(i)me
on
investmenta

Other
servicetl

23

24

25

26

27

22,258
26,154
23,733
13,159
6,578

10 ;232
8,986
8,096
5,356
4,486

5,666
5,589
5,427
3,965
3,486

231
161
155
159
187

4,335
3,236
2,514
1,232
813

209
157.
166 --------103
72
289
260
236
615

4,844
3,721
3,345
4,548
3,728

3,636
3,377
3,056
4,268
3,455

2,718
2,409.
2,173
3,181
2,546

210
230
200
295
270

713
738
683
792
639

554
219
335
350
647

219
335
219 --------155
180
350 --------561
86

3,458
2,615
2,487
2,415
8,912

3,157
2,384
2,056
2,879
3,137

2,462
1,763
1,510
1,343
2,120

155
135
115
135
220

540
486
431
601
797

58
78
72
70
61

868
809
893
524
596

782
431
410
524
481

5,907
7,398
7,601
7,333
7,289

4,428
5,904
5,483
5,400
5,564

3,104
4,463
4,159
4,240
4,500

295
330
275
240
200

1,029
1,111
1,049
920
864

425
416
395
362
481

47
72
65
65
60

569
353
531
193
348

248
148
173
166
332

6,823
6,029
5,567
5,358
4,869

5,272
4,577
4,668
3,972
3,391

4,291
3,684
3,866
3,184
2,572

170
140
130
105
105

811
753
672
683
714

596
719

1,195
1,174

66
276

645
404

645 --------404 ---------

9,146
10,352

6,750
5,917

5,384
3,995

120
130

1,246
1,792

22,974

900

919

312

127 ---------

127

26,250

14,022

11 ,166

540

2,316

760

86

300

2,000 ---------

2,000

35,043

31,193

22,866

3,800

4,527

148
643

180
330

1,000 --------1,000 ---------

1,000
1,000

18,526
10,051

18,086
10,051

14,738
8,125

1,870
904

1 . 478
1,022

Total
receipts

Total

Goods

Income
on
investments

Other
services

14

15

16

17

18

1945 _________
1944 _________
1943 _________
1942 _________
194L ________

19,787
24,485
21,716
13,077
7,210

16,273
21,438
19,134
11,769
6,896

12,473
16,969
15,115
9,187
5,343

589
572
508
514
544

3,211
3,897
3,511
2,068
1,009

2,922
2,407
2,137
1,002
43

592
640
445
306
271

541
406
402
219
193

1,940 _________
1939 _________
1938:... ________
1937 _________
1936 _________

5,780
4,636
4,551
5,131
4,412

5,355
4,432
4,336
4,553
3,539

4,124
3,347
3,243
3,451
2,590

564
541
585
577
569

667
544
508
525
380

59
38
40
29
22

366
166
175
549
851

1935 _________
1934 _________
1933 _________
1932 _________
193L ________

3,840
3,214
2,754
2,841
4,324

3,265
2,975
2,402
2,474
3,641

2,404
2,238
1,736
1,667
2,494

521
437
437
527
766

340
300
229
280
381

21
20
17
17
36

1930 _________
1929 _________
1928 _________
1927 _________
1926 _________

6,376
7,929
7,815
7,058
7,038

5,450
7,042
6,850
6,464
6,381

3,929
5,347
5,249
4,982
4,922

1,040
1,139
1,080
981
953

481
556
521
501
506

1925 _________
1924 _________
1923 _________
1922 _________
192L ________

6,964
6,344
6,090
5,219
5,920

6,348
5,919
5,494
4,961
5,512

5,011
4,741
4,259
3,929
4,586

912
762
840
670
445

1920 _________
1919 _________

10,983
11 ,464

10,272
10,784

8,481
8,891

1914 (July 1)1918 (Dec. 31)

25,232

24,793

YEAR
OR PERIOD

1896-1914
(June 30) __

35,274

32,974

32,128

1874-1895 ____
1850-1873 ____

18,559
8,623

17,379
7,293

17,231
6,650

See footnotes on next page.

242

Goods and services

Movements of-

---------

---------

19 .

Total

20

U.S. capi- Foreign


tal incapital
vested
invested
abroad
in U.S.

21

22
51
234
43
87
78

86
378
483

--------115
321
205
358
27
16

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS

Series M 14-41.-BALANCE OF PAYMENTS-INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE


UNITED STATES: 1850 TO 1945:-Con.
[In millions of dollars J

PAYMENTS-continued

Net goods and services and


unilateral transfers

Long-term capital
YEAR

OR PERIOD

Unilateral
transfers

U.S. capi- Foreign All transtal


capital
actions
invested invested
abroad
in U.S.

Total

ao

29

NET INFLOW (+) OR OUTFLOW (-; OF


FUNDS ON GOLD AND SHORT-TERM
CAPITAL ACCOUNT

EXCESS OF RECEIPTS (+) OR PA YMENTB (- )

35

36

37

38

10,035
16,549
15,044
7,838
1,179

1,9S1
619
592
465
913

1,886
560
486
294
508

155
59
106
171
405

-2,471
-1,669
-2,016
-82
+632

-1,072 +6,041
-7,113
-1,690 +12,452 -14,142
-1,869 +11,038 -12,907
-6,336
+6,413
+77
-1,136
+1,274
+2,410

-1,399
+21
-U7
-159
-642

+2,463
+1,706
+1,982
+90
-1,108

+548
+1,350
+757
+23
-719

-274
-153
+3
-115
+11

+2,189
+509
+1,222
+182
-400

+8
-37
+34
-8
+476

1940 _________
1989 _________
1938 _________
1987. ________
1936 _________

269
205
211
252
199

439
189
78
28
74

192
58
63
18
59

247
86
15
15
15

+1,436
+915
+1,206
+583
+684

+1,509
+888
+1,109
+62
-98

+1,719
+1,055
+1,280
+285
+84

-210
-167
-171
-223
-177

-73
+27
+97
+521
+777

-2,713
-1,704
-1,455
-1,008
-841

-4,243
-3,174
-1,799
-1,364
-1,272

+177
+211
+27
+45
+55

+1,353
+1,259
+317
+311
+376

+1,277
+789
+249
+425
+157

1935 _________
19U _________
1983 _________
1982 _________
198L ________

188
182
218
248
343

118
49
218
93
482

108
84
203
67
412

15
15
15
26
20

+382
+629
+227
+426
+412

-54
+429
+150
+169
+197

+108
+591
+346
+395
+504

-162
-162
-196
-226
-307

+436
+200
2+77
+257
+215

-750
-1,044
-288
-499
-504

-1,822
-1,266
+181
-53
+133

+424
+96
+35
+227
+628

+648
+126
-464
-673
-1,265

+368
+415
+61
+73
+92

1930 _________
1929 _________
192!L __ -' _____
1927 _________
1926 _________

390
427
418
488

1,089
1,049
1,691
1,515
1,292

1,069
1,029
1,671
1,465
1,272

20
20
20
50
20

+469
+531
+214
-275
-251

+690
+771
+1,012
+716
+445

+1,022
+1,138
+1,367
+1,064
+817

-332
-867
-855
-348
-372

-221
-240
-798
-991
-696

-789
-147
-110
+698
+326

-310
-143
+238
+113
-98

-288
+196
-117
+934+465

+820
-384
-104
-423
-75

1125 _________
1924 _________
1928 _________
1922 _________
19%1- ________

439
427
414
409
568

1,112
1,026
485
977
910

1,092
1,006
465
957
890

20

2El
20
20

+141
+315
+523
-189
+1,051

+684
+987
+477
+645
+1,613

+1,076
+1,842
+826
+989
+2,121

-392
-355
-349
-344
-508

-64S
-672
+45
-784
-562

-6
-187
-848
-269
-736

-46
-60
+100
-109
-256
+228
-315
-82
+49
-269 --------- ---------735 _...... _----- --- ---_ .....

-185
-178
-175
+408
..... 316

1920 _________
1919 _________

744
. 1,219

1,652
3,116

1,374
Z,901

278
215

+1,837
+1,112

+2,844
+3,824

+8,522
+4,867

-678
-1,043

-1,007
-2,712

+68
+166

+68
+166

--------- ------------- --- ---------

-1,!O5
-1,278

1114 (July 1)1918 (Dee.31)

711

11,617

9,205

2,312

-1,018

+10,372

+10,771

-399

-11,390

-1,039

-1,044

---------

+2,057

1896-1914
(.Tune 80) ____

2,850

1,000

445

187.4.-1895 ____
440 - -------1850-1878 _____ -------- ... --------

31

26

33

34

Net
total

Errors
Gold
Net movement oland
stock net
omissions
Foreign
increase
U. S.
. (+) or short-ter m short-term
capital
capital
decrease
(-)
abroad
in U.S.

1945 _________
1944 _________
1941L ________
1942 _________
194L ________

28

32

UniGoods
lateral
and
services transfers

Total

Longterm
capital

1,000 ---------

+231

-769

+1,781

-2,550

+1,000

-174

-------- ... -- ... ----.. -- ... ----- ..

+33
-1,428

-967
-2,428

-707
-2,758

-260
+330

+1,000
+1,000

+112
+1,098

...

I Unilateral transfers indicate the amount of contributions in kind or in cash


thru lend-lease, U.N.R.R.A., personal and institutional remittances, and similar
channels. Thus, payments or receipts under unilateral transfers in most cases offset exports or imports, respectively, of goods and services for which present or
future compensation is not required.

41

40

39

-191
-200
-281
-349
-36

...

+5

------_ ... -

-57

+112 --------- --------+1,098 ---- .. ---- ... --------

-145
+330

-174 ---------

2 Figure for net long-term capital transactions for 1933 includes $40,000,000,
and that for 1934 includes $30,000,000, representing net transfer of funds in security arbitrage operations. These transactions cannot be divided between domestic
and foreign securities in these years.

Series M 42-55.-FOREIGN TRADE-VALUE OF EXPORTS AND IMPORTS: 1790 TO 1945


In thousands of dollars. Figures for 1945, and in some cases those for 1942-1944, are preliminary. For revised figures, see Foreig;-. Commerce and Navigation oj the United
States. 1945, and Statistical Abstract oj ~he United S,ates, 191;.8 1
I

TOTAL, MERCHANDISE,
GOLD, AND SILVER

YEAR 1

Exports

42
1945 __
1944 __
1943 __
1942 __
1 94L_

Imports

43

Excess of
exports
Exports
(+) or
imports (-)

44

45

Imports

46

9,879,419 4,256,938 +5,622,481 199,968


16,247,687 4,056,479 +11,191,208 959,228
12,905,086 3,511,045 +9,394,041 32,855
8,081,618 3,101,745 . +4,979,873
102
0,152,891 4,374,500
+778,391
64

93,718
113,836
101,793
315,780
982,442

1940 __ 4,029,815 7,433,280 -3,403,465 4,995


508
1939 __ 3,192,314 5,978,047 -2,785,733
1938 __ a ,107 ,411 4,170,416 -1,063,006
5,889
1937._ S ,407,229 4,807,068 -1,399,839 46,020
1936 __ 2,495,417 8,749,525 -1,254,049 27,534

4,749,467
3,574,659
1,979,458
1,631,523
1,144,117

1935 __
1984 __
1933 __
1932 __
198L_

2,803,635 4,142,995
2,202,110 2,944,451
2,060,687 1,702,981
2,434,894- 1,705,739
2,917,5682,731,418

1.-

SILVER

GOLD

Excess of
Excess of
exports
exports
Exports
(+) or
'
Imports
(+) or
imports
imports (-)
(-)

47

48

+106,250 90,937
+845,392 126,915
-68,938 30,689
-315,678 1,999
-982,378 5,673

49
27,278
23,373
27,903
41,103
47,053

50
+63,659
+103,542
+2,786
-39,104
-41,380

-4,744,472 3,674 58,434 -54,759


-3,574,151 14,630 85,307 -70,677
-1,973,569 7,082 230,531 -223,449
-1,585,503 12,042 91,877 -79,835
-1,116,584 11 ,965 182,81~ -170,851

MERCliIANDISE

Exports and reexports


Total

Exports
of U.S.
merchandise

Reexports

51

52

53

General
imports

Excess or
exports (+)
or imports
(-)

55

54

9,805,875 9,688,514 217,361 4,135,941 +5,669,934


14,258,702 14,161,544 97,158 3,919,270 +10,339,432
12,964,906 12,841,542 123,364 3,381,349 +9,583,557
8,079,517 8,003,642 75,875 2,744,862 +5,334,655
5,147,154 5,019,877 127,277 3,345,005 +1,802,149
4,021,146
3,177,176
3,094,440
3,349,167
2,455,978

3,934,181
3,123,343
3,057,169
3,298,929
2,418,969

86,965
53,834
37,271
50,238
37,009

2,625,379 +1,395,767
2,318,081
+869,095
1,960,428 +1 ,134,012
3,083,668
+265,499
2,422,592
+33,386

-1,839,360 1,960 1,740,979 -1,739,019 18,801 354,531 -335,730 2,282,874 2,243,081


-742,341 52,759 1,186,671 -1,133,912 16,551 102,725 -86,174 2,132,800 2,100,135
+357,706 366,652
193,197
+173,455 19,041 60,226 -41,184 1,674,994 1,647,220
+728,655 809,528
363,315
+446,213 13,850 19,660
-5,800 1,611,016 1,576,151
+186,150 466,794
612,119
-145,325 26,485 28,664
-2,179 2,424,289 2,377,982

39,793
32,665
27,774
34,865
46,307

2,047,485
1,655,055
1,449,559
1,322,774
2,090,635

+235,389
+477,745
+225,435
+288,242
+333,654

SM footnotel, palle 245

243

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS AND FOREIGN TRADE

Data:M 42""';55

Series M 42-55.-FOREIGN TRADE-VALUE OF EXPORTS AND IMPORTS: 17-90 TO 1945-Con.


[ In thousands of dollars 1

TOTAL, -MERCHANDISE,
GOLD, AND SILVER
'I;

YEAR 1

Exports

42

MERCHANDISE 3

SILVER

GOLD

Imports

43

1930_ _ 4,013,305 . 3,499,723

Excess of
exports
Exports
(+) or
imports (-)

Excess of
exports
Exports
Imports
(+) or
imports (-)

Excess of
exports
Imports (+) or
imp.orts

Exports and reexports


Total

Exports
of U.S.
merchandise

Reexports

51

52

53

(-)

50

General
imports

Excess of
exports (+)
or imports

54

55

(-)

44

45

46

47

48

49

+513,582
+686,035
+1,448,039
+695,104
+302,638

115,967
116,583
560,759
201,455
115,708

396,054
291,649
168,897
207,535
213,504

-280,087
-175,066
+391,862
-6,080
-97,796

54,157
83,407
87,382
75,625
92,258

42,761
63,940
68,117
55,074
69,596

+11,39 6
+19,46 7
+19,26 5
+20,55 1
+22,66 2

3,843,181
5,240,995
5,128,356
4,865,375
4,808,660

+782,273
3,781,172 62,009 3,060,908
+841,634
5,157,083 83,912 4,399,361
4
+1,036,912
4,091,44
5,030,099 98,258
+680,633
4,758,864 106,512 4,184,742
+377;772
4,711,721 96,939 4,430,888

1929_ _
1928 _ _
1927 __
1926_ _

5,440,985
5,776,497
5,142,455
5,016,626

4,754,950
4,328,45 8
4,447,351
4,713,988

1925 __
1 924 __
1923 __
1922 __
192L _

5,271 ,615
4,762,523
4,268,605
3,931,459
4,560,497

+852,157 262,640
4,419,458
+758,895 61,648
4,003,628
+79,369 28,643
4,189,236
+472,735 36,875
3,458,724
23,891
9
+1,296,858
3,263,63

128,272
319,721
322,716
275,170
691,248

+134,367 99,128
-258,073 109,891
-294,073 72,469
-238,295 62,807
-667,357 51,575

64,596
73,945
74,454
70,807
63,243

+34,53 2
+35,94 6
-1,98 5
-7,99 9
-11,66 8

4,909,848
4,590,984
4,167,493
3,831,777
4,485,031

4,818,722 91,125
4,497,649 93,335
4,090,715 76,778
3;765,091 66,686
4,378,928 106,103

1920 __
1919 __
1918 __
1917 _ _
1916 _ _

8,663,724
8,527,632
6,443,004
6,689,527
5,709,029

5,783,61 o +2,880,114
4,070,30 9 +4,457,323
3,164,63 1 +3,278,373
3,558,263 +3,131,264
3,109,889 +2,599,140

322,091
368,185
41,070
371 ,884
155,793

417,068
76,534
62,043
552,454
68 ,990

-94,977 113,616
+291,651 239,021
-20,973 252,846
-180,570 84,131
-530,197 70,595

88,060
89,410
71,376
53,340
32,263

+25,55 6
+149,61 1
+181,47
+30,79 1
+38,33 2

8,228,016
7,920,426
6,149,088
6,233,513
5,482,641

8,080,481 147,535 5,278,481 +2,949,535


7,749,816 170,610 3,904,36 5 +4,016,061
6,047,875 101,213 3,031,213 +3,117,875
6,169,617 63,896 2,952,468 +3,281,045
5,422,642 59 ;999 2,391,63 5 +3,091,006

146,224
1915 5 _ 2,965,756 1,874,849 +1,090,907

-25,345
+45,500
+8,569
+8,391
-51,097

50,942
54,965
71 ,614
64,891
64,750

29,110
30,327
41,269
47,050
45,937

+21,83 2
+24,63 8
+30,345
+17,841
+18,813

2,768,589
2;364,579
2,465,884
2,204,322
2,049,320

2,716,178
2,329,684
2,428,506
2,170,320
2,013,549

52,411
34,895
37,378
34,002
35,771

1,674,17o +1,094,419
+470,653
1,893,92 6
+652,876
1,813,008
+551,0.57
1,653,265
+522,094
1,527,226

+683,258
4,226,589
+981,021
3,609,963
+375,427
3,792,066
+719,030
3,112,747
2,509,148 +1,975,883

1914_ _
19 13_ _
19 12_ _
191L _

2,531,583
2,615,261
2,326,541
2,136,580

1,990,791
1,923,471
1,749,252
1,646,770

+540,792 112,039
+691,790 77,763
57,328
+577,289
+489,810 22,510

171 ,569
66 ;539
69,194
48,937
73,607

19 10 __
19 09 __
19 08 __
19 07 __
19 06 __

1,918,835
1,810,226
1,991,127
1,988,989
1,848,307

1,645,505
1,399,879
1,387,337
1,591,878
1,367,227

+273,330 118,563
+410,347 91,532
+603,790 72,433
+397,111 51,399
+481,080 38,574

43,340
44,004
148,337
114,510
96,222

+75,223
+47,528
-75,904
-63,111
-57,648

55,287
55,683
57,921
56,739
65,869

45,217
43,955
44,658
42,947
44,443

+10,070
+11,728
+13,263
+13,792
+21,426

1,744,985
1,663,011
1,860,773
1,880,851
1,743,865

1,710,084
1,638,356
1,834,786
1,853,718
1,717,954

34,901
24,655
25,987
27,133
25,911

1,556,947
1,311,920
1,194,342
1,434,421
1,226,562

+188,038
+351,091
+666,431
+446,430
+517,303

19 05 __
19 04 __
19 03 __
19 02 __
19 OL_

1,660,005 1,198,647
1,591,760 1,117,912
1,511 ,483 .1 ,094 ,865
983,574
1,480,021
925,610
1,605,235

92,594
81,460
47,091
48,569
53,185

53,649
99,055
44,982
52,021
66,051

+38,945
-17,595
+2,109
-3,452
-12,866

48,849
49,473
44,250
49,732
64,285

27,485
27,769
24,163
28,232
36,387

+21,364
+21,704
+20,087
+21,500
+27,898

1,518,562
1,460,827
1,420,142
1,381,719
1,487,765

1,491,745
1,435,179
1,392,232
1,355,482
1,460,463

26,817 1,117,513
991,087
25,648
27,910 1,025/719
903,321
26,237
823,172
27,302

+401,049
+469,740
+394,423
+4,78,398
+664,592

19 00 __
18 99 __
18 98 __
18 91-_
18 96 __

1,499,462
1,320,864
1,301,994
1,153,302
1,055,559

929,771
816,778
767:,369
880,278
842,027

+569,691 48,267
+504,086 37,522
+534,625 15,406
+273,024 40,362
+213,532 112,410

44,573
88,955
120,392
85,015
33,525

+3,6!l4
-51,433
-104,986
-44,653
+78,885

56,712
56,319
55,105
61,947
60,542

35,256
30,675
30,928
30,533
28,777

+21,456
+25,644
+24,177
+31,414
+31,765

1,394,483
1,227,023
1,231,482
1,050,994
882,607

1,370,764
1,293,931
1,210,292
1,032,008
863,201

23,719
23,092
21,190
18,986
19,406

849,941
697,148
616,050
764,730
779,725

+544,542
+529,875
+615,432
+286,264
+102,882

921,302
18 95 __
18 94 __ 1,019,570
997,083
18 93 __
189 2 __ 1,.113,284
993,434
189 L_

788,566
740,730
910,769
897,057
881,176

+132,736 66,468
+278,840 76.978
+86,314 108,681
+216,227 50,195
+112,258 86,363

36,385
72,449
21,174
49,699
18,233

+30,083
+4,529
+87,507
+496
+68,130

47,295
50,451
40,737
32,811
22,591

20,211
13,287
23,193
19,955
18,027

793,393
807,538
+27,084
869,205
892,141
+37,164
831,031
847,665
+17,544
+12,856 1,030,278 1,015,732
872,270
884,481
+4,564

14,145
22,936
16,634
14,546
12,211

731,970
654,995
866,401
827,402
844,916

+75,568
+237,146
-18,736
+202,876
+39,565

189 0 __
188 9 __
188 8 __
188 7 __
188 6 __

909,977
839,043
742,369
752,181
751,988

823,287
774,095
783,295
752,491
674,030

+86,690
+64,948
-40,926
-310
+77,958

17,274
59,952
18,376
9,701
42,952

12,943
10,285
43,934
42,911
20,743

+4,331
+49,667
-25,558
-33,210
+22,209

34,874
36,689
28,038
26,297
29,511

21,033
18,678
15,404
17,260
17,850

+13,841
+18,011
+12,634
+9,037
+11 ,661

857,829
742,401
695,955
716,183
679,525

845,294
730,282
683,862
703,023
665,965

12,535
12,119
12,093
13,160
13,560

789,310
745,132
723,957
692,320
635,436

+68,519
-2,731
-28,002
+23,863
+44,089

188 5 __
188 4 __
188 3 __
188 2 __
188 L_

784,421
807,647
855,660
799,960
921,784

620,770
705,124
751,670
767,112
753,240

+163,651
+102,523
+103,990
+32,848
+168,544

8,478
41,082
11 ,601
32,588
2,565

26,692
22,831
17,734
34,377
100,031

-18,214
+18,251
-6,133
-1,789
-97,466

33,754
26,051
20,219
16,830
16,842

16,551
14,595
10,755
8,095
10,544

+17,203
+11 ,456
+9,464
+8,735
+6,298

742,190
740,514
823,839
750,542
902,377

726,683
724,965 804,223
733,240
883,926

15,507
15,549
19,616
17,302
18,451

577,527
667,698
723,181
724,640
642,665

+164,663
+72 ,816
+100,658
+25,902
+259,712

188 0 __
1879 __
1878 __
187 7 __
1876 __

852,782
735,437
728,606
658,637
596,891

760,989
466,074
466,873
492,098
476,678

+91,793
+269,363
+261,733
+166,540
. +120,213

3,639
4,588
9,204
26,590
31,177

80,758
5,625
13,330
26,246
!l,993

-77,119
-1,037
-4,126
+344
. +23,184

13,504
20,410
24,536
29,572
25,329

12,276
14,671
16,491
14,528
7,944

+1,228
+5,739
+8,045
+15,044
+17,385

835,639
710,439
694,866
602,475
540,385

823,947
698,340
680,710
589,670
525,583

11 ,692
12,099
14,156
12,805
14,802

667,955
445,778
437,052
451,323
460,741

+167,684
+264,661
+257,814
+151,152
+79.644

187 5 __
1874 __
1873 __
1872 - 187 L_

605,575
652,913
607,088
524,055
541,262

553,906
595,861
663,617
640,339
541,494

+51,669
+57,052
-56,529
-116,284
-232

B6 ,981

4,042
44,857
49,549
66,686

13,697
19,503
8,682
8,717
6,884

+53,284
+14,539
+36,174
+40,831
+59,803

25,151
32,588
39,752
30,329
31,756

7,204
8,952
12,798
5,026
14,386

+17,!l47
+23,636
+26,953
+25,303
+17,369

513,443
586,283
522,480
444,178
442,820

499,284
569,433
505,034
428,488
428,399

14,159
16,850
17,446
15,690
14,421

533,005
567,406
642,136
626,595
520,224

-19,562
+18,877
-119,656
-182,417
-77,404

1870 - 1869 -1868 - 1867 -1866 --

450,927
343,256
375,737
355,375
434,904

462,378
437,314
371 ,625
417,832
445,512

-11 ,450
- 94 ,058
+4,112
-62,457
-10,609

33,636
36,003
72,396
39,027
71 ,197

12,057
14,133
8,737
17,025
8,196

+21,579
+21,871
+63,659
+22,002
+63,001

24,520
21,135
21,388
21,842
14,847

14,362
5,675
5,451
5,046
2,504

+10,157
+15,460
+15.937
+16,796
+12,343

392,772
286,118
281,953
294,506
348,860

376,617 16,155
275,167 10,951
269,390 12,563
279,787 .14,719
337,519 11 ,341

435,958
417,506
357,436
395,761
434,812

--43,186
-131,388
-75,483
-101,255
-85,952

1865 -1864 -1863 - 1862 -1861 - -

233,673
264,235
268,121
227,558
249,345

248,556
32.9,563
252,920
205,772
335,650

-14,883 58,381
-65,328 100,662
+15,201 62,163
+21,786 35,440
-86,305 27,424

6,498
11 ,177
5,531
13,907
42,292

+51,883
+89,485
+56,632
+21,533
-14,868

9,262
4,735
1,994
1,448
2,367

3,312
1,939
4,054
2,508
4,048

+5,950
+2,796
-2,060
-1,060
-1,681

166,029
158,838
203,964
190,671
219,554

136,940
143,504
186,003
179,645
204,900

29,089
15,334
17,961
11 ,026
14,654

238,746
316,447
243,336
189,357
289,311

-72,717
-157,609
-39,372
+1,314
-69,757

1860 -1859 - 1858 -1857 - 1856 --

400,122
356,789
324,644
362,961
326,965

362,166
338,768
282,613
360,890
314,640

+37,956
+18,021
+42,031
+2,071
+12,325

58,446
61,108
50,003
65,233
45,001

2,509
2,125
11 ,566
6,655
. 990

+55,937
+58,983
+38,437
+58,578
+44,011

8,100
2,779
2,630
3,904
745

6,041
5,309
7,708
5,807
3,217

+2,059
-2,530
-5,078
-1,903
-2,472

333,576
292,902
272,011
293,824
281,219

316,242
278,392
251,351
278,907
266,438

17,334
14,510
20,660
14,917
14,781

353,.616
331,333
263,339
348,428
310,432

-20,040
-38,431
+8,672
-54,604
-29,213

See footnotes on next page.

244

+461,358
+473,848
+416,618
+496,447
+679,625

Data: M 42-55

FOREIGN TRADE

Series M 42'-55.-FOREIGN TRADE-VALUE OF EXPORTS AND IMPORTS: 1790 TO 1945-Con.


[ In thousands of dollars 1
TOTAL, MERCHANDISE,
GOLD, AND SILVER

I
YEAR 1

I
Exports

42

Excess of
exports
Exports
<+) or
imports (-)

Imports

44

43

I
2

MERCHANDISE S

SILVER

GOLD

Exports and reexports

Excess of
Excess of
exports Exports. 2 Imports exports
Imports
(+) or
(+) or
imports
imports (-)
(-)

45

Total

- - - - - - - - - ---

46

Exports
of U.S.
merchandise

Reexports

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

I
General
imports

Excess of
exports <+)
or imports
(-)

----54
----

55

1855~ _
1854 __
1853 __
1852 __
185L_

275,157
278,325
230,976
209,658
218,388

261,469
304,562
267,979
212,945
216,225

+13,688
-26,237
-37,002
-3,287
+2,163

55,109
40,470
25,443
40,074
22,830

1,093
3,032
2,427
3,658
3,569

+54,016
+37,438
+23,016
+36,416
+19,261

1,138
727
2,044
2,600
6,636

2,567
3,727
1,774
1,847
1,884

-1,429
-3,000
+270
+753
+4,752

218,910
237,044
203,489
166,984
188,915

192,752
215,329
18Q ,869
154,931
178,620

26,158
21,715
13,620
12,053
10,295

257,809
297,804
263,777
207,440
210,771

-38,899
-60,760
-60,288
-40,456
- 21,856

1850 __
1849 __
1848 __
1847 __
1846 __

151,899
145,756
154,032
158,649
113,489

178,138
147,857
154,999
146,546
121,692

-26,240
-2,i02
-967
+12,103
-8,203

4,561
1,972
11,071
1,038
2,053

1,777
4,069
3,409
21,575
910

+2,784
-2,097
+7,662
-20,537
+1,143

2,962
3,432
4,770
869
1,852

2,852
2,583
2,952
2,546
2,867

+110
+849
+1,818
-1,667
-1,015

144,376
140,351
138,191
156,742
109,583

134,901
131,710
130,204
150,575
101,718

9,475
8,641
7,987
6,167
7,865

173,510
141,206
148,639
122,424
117,914

-29,134
-855
-10,448
+34,318
-8,331

1845 __
1844_ ..
1843 6 _
1842 __
184L_

114,647
111,200
84,346
104,692
121,852

117,255
108,435
64,754
100,162
127,946

-2,608
+2,765
+19,593
+4,529
-6,094

3,053
1,366
408
2,305
3,590

819
1,613
17,066
757
1,269

+2,234
-247
-16,658
+1,548
+2,321

5,551
4,088
1,113
2,509
6,444

3,251
4,217
5,254
3,330
3,719

+2,300
-129
-4,141
-821
+2,725

106,040
105,746
82,826
99,878
111 ,817

98,455
99,532
77,687
91,799
103,636

7,585
6,214
5,139
8,079
8,181

113,184
102,605
42,433
96,075
122,958

-7,144
+3,141
+40,393
+3,801
-11 ,143

1840 __
1839 __
1837._
1836 __

132,086
121,028
108,487
117,419
128,663

107,142
162,092
113,717
140,989
189,980

+24,944
-41,064
-5,251
-23,570
-61,317

3,703
4,801
1,213
3,214
647

3,085
1,165
11 ,675
2,432
7,232

+618
+3,636
-10,462
+782
-6,585

4,714
3,976
2,295
2,763
3,677

5,798
4,431
6,072
8,085
6,169

-1,084
-455
-3,777
-5,322
-2,492

123,669
112,252
104,979
111,443
124,339

111 ,661
101,626
95,561
94,281
106,571

12,008
10,626
9,418
17,162
17,768

98,259
156,497
95,970
130,473
176,579

+25,410
-44,245
+9,009
-19,030
-52,240

1835 __
1834 __
1833 __
1832 __
183L_

121,694
104,337
90,140
87,177
81,311

149,896
126,521
108,118
101,029
103,191

-28,202
-22,184
-17,978
-13,852
-21,881

1,355
690
890
2,049
2,980

2,325
3,766
612
717
932

-970
-3,076
+278
+1,332
+2,048

5,122
1,387
1,722
3,607
6,035

10,806
14,145
6,459
5,191
6,374

-5,684
-12,758
-4,737
-1,584
-339

115,216
102,260
87,529
81,521
72,296

100,460
80,623
69,951
61,727
59,219

14,756
21,637
17,578
19,794
13,077

136,764
108,610
101,048
95,122
95,885

-21,548
-6,350
-13,519
-13,601
-23,589

1830 __
1829 __
1828 __
1827 __
1826 __

73,850
72,359
72,265
82,325
77,595

70,877
74,493
88,510
79,484
84,974

+2,973
-2,134
-16,245
+2,841
-7,379

1,423
1,573
1,635
1,872
1,056

821
817
808
1,110
679

+602
+756
+827
+762
+377

756
3,351
6,608
6,142
3,648

7,335
6,587
6,682
7,041
6,202

-6,579
-3,236
-74
-899
-2,554

71,671
67,435
64,021
74,310
72,891

58,525
55,088
49,976
57,878
52,450

13,146
12,347
14,045
16,432
20,441

62,721
67,089
81,020
71;333
78,094

+8,950
+346
-16,999
+2,977
-5,203

1825 __

99,535
75,987
74,699
72,160
65,074

96,340
80,548
77,579
83,242
62,586

+3,195
-4,561
-2,880
-11 ,081
+2,489

-213
(7)

8,481
77,015
76,373
710,810
710,478

5,621
78,379
75,098
73,370
78,065

+2,860
7-1,364
7+1,275
7+7,440
7+2,413

90,738
68,972
68,326
61,350
54,596

66,944
50,649
47,155
49,874
43,672

23,794
18,323
21,171
11 ,476
10,924

90,189
72,169
72,481
79,872
54,521

+549
-3,197
-4,155
-18,522
+75

1838~_

1824_~

1823 __
1822 __
182L_

316

529
(7)
(7)

(07)
(7)

(7)
(7)

(7)

(7)
(7)

MERCHANDISE

(7)
(7)

MERCHANDISE!

Exports or reexports
YEAR 1

Total
51

Exports of
U. S. merchandise

Reexports

52

53

General
imports

Excess of
exports
(+) or
imports

54

55

69,692
70,143
93,281
87,672
81,920

51,684
50,977
73,854
68,314
64,782

18,008
19,166
19,427
19,358
17,138

74,450
87,125
121,750
99,250
147,103

-4,758
-16,982
-28,469
-11,578
-65,183

1815 ________ - ______ 1814 ___________ . ____


1813 ________ - _____ -1812 ________________
1811. _______ - ___ - - --

52,558
6,927
27,856
38,527
61,317

45,975
6 ,782
5,008
30,032
45,294

6,583
145
2,848
8,495
16,023

113,041
12,965
22,005
77,030
53,400

-60,482
- 6,038
+5,851
-38,503
+7,917

1810 __ . _____________
1809 _____________ - -1808 _______________ 1807 ______ - - - _ - - - - - 1806 _____________ ---

66,758
52,203
22,431
108,343
101,537

42,367
31,405
9,434
48,699
41,254

24,391
20,798
12,997
59,644
60,283

85,400
59,400
56,990
138,500
129,410

-18,642
-7,197
-34,559
-30,157
-27,873

1805 ___________ - - - --

95,566

42,387

53,179

120,600

-25,034

YEAR I

Total

Exports of
U. S. merchandise

Reexports

51

52

53

(-)

1820 ________________
1819 ______ _____ -- -1818 ______________ -1817 ________________
1816 ________________
~

Exports and reexports

I Fiscal years ending Sept. 80, 1790-1842: June 30, 1843-1915; calendar years
thereafter.
2 ~rior to 1864 domestic exports of silver included with gold.
S Figures include gold and silver prior to 1821.
5 Figures (in thousands of dollars) for 6-month period of July 1, 1915-Dec. 31,
1915, are as follows: Series M 42, 1,905,456; series M 43, 1,238,559; series M 44,

General
imports

Excess of
exports
(+) or
imports
(-)

54

55

1804- ______________
1803 ___________ ___
1802 _______________
1801. ______________

77,699
55,800
71 ,957
93,021

41,467
42,206
36,182
46,878

36,232
13,594
35,775
46,643

85,000
64,667
76,333
111,364

-7,801
-8,867
-4,376
-18,343

1800 __ . ____________
1799 _______________
1798 ______ . ________
1797 ______________ .
1796 _______ . _______

70,972
78,666
61,327
51,295
58,575

31,841
33,143
28,327
24,295
32,275

39,131
45,528
33,000
27,000
26,300

91,253
79,069
68,552
75,379
81,436

-20,281
-403
-7,225
-24,084
-22,861

1795 _______________
1794 _______________
1793 _______________
1792 _______________
1791. ______________

47,990
33,044
26,110
20,753
19,012

39,501
26,518
24,000
19,000
18,500

8,489
6,526
2,110
1,753
512

69,756
34,600
31,100
31,500
29,200

-21,766
-1,556
-4,990
-10,747
-10,188

1790 _______________

20,205 ---------- ----------

. 23,000

-2,795

+666,897; series M 45, 23,848: series M 46, 307,030; series M 47, -283,187: series
M 48, 28,750; series M 49, 18,742: series M 50, +10,008; series M 51, 1,852,863:
series M 52, 1,820,398; series M 53, 32,470; series M 54, 912,787; and series M 55
+940,076.
& Period beginning Oct. 1, 1842, and ending June 30, 1843.
7 Data shown under silver are for gold and silver.

245

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS AND FOREIGN TRADE

Data: M 56-67

Series M 56-67.-FOREIGN TRADE-VALUE OF MERCHAl~DISE EXPORTS AND IMPORTS,


BY ECONOMIC CLASSES: 1821 TO 1945
[In thousands of dollars. See headnote for series M 42-55, p. 243]
IMPORTS I
EXPORTS OF U. S. MERCHANDISE

Total

Crude
materials

56

57

945 ______ - -- -- - --1944 _____ ----- --- __


1943 ____ - --- - - - -- __
1942 ______ - - - - - -- __
194L ____ --- ----- __

9,588,514
14,161,544
12,841, 542
8,003,642
5,019,877

874;574
553,962
661,782
418,013
355,427

1940 _____ --- - - -- --1939 _____ -- - - -- - --1938


- - - - - - ---937 _____
_______________
936 ______ - - - -- -- --

3,934,181
3,123,343
3,057,169
3,298,929
2,418,969

455,766
544,543
606,705
731,195
669,924

1935 _____ -- - -------- - - - -- -1934


933 ______
4______________
1
1932 _________ - - - --193L ____ -..: - - - - - - --

2,243,681
2,100,135
1,647,220
1,576,151
2,377,982

682,952
652,752
590,566
513,659
566,791

1930 _______ -- --- --1929 ______ - - -- -- - -928 _______


---- - - -1927
_______________
1
926
_______
----- - -1

3,781,172
5,157,083
5,030,099
4,758,864
4,711,721

829,098
1,142,352
1,293,257
1,192,776
1,261.325

tEAR I

1,422,058
1925 __________ --- -- 4,818,722 1,332,746
924 _______ --- - - - -- 4,497,649

1
19 23 _______ -- --- - -19 22 ______"_ - -- -- - -1921 _________ -- ---19 20 ___________ - --19 19 ________ -- - - --19 18 _____ - - --- - - - ~19 17 ______ "_________
19 16 ________ - -- - --15 , ______________
19
19 14 ________ - -- - --19 13 _______ -- - -- --19 12 _____ - - - - -- -- -19 11 _______ - - - - - - --

2,716,178
2,329,684
2,428,506
2,170,320
2,013,549

591,282
799,838
740,290
731,164
720,611

10 _______________
_____ - - - - -- - --19 09
.19
19 08 _____ - -- - -- - --lQ 076 _____
-- -------___________
190

1,710.084
1,638,356
1,834,786
1,853,718
1,717,954

574,015
528,691
' 563,197
600,540
507,328

190 5 _______ -------19034 _______________


_____ '- _________
190
- - -- - - -19021 _______
_______________
190

1,491,745
1,435,179
.1,392,232
1,355,482
1,460;463

478,518
"466,984
415,543
387,nJ.
411,377

- - - -- -- -190 09 ______
_______________
1898 _______________
189 7 _______ _______
189
189 6 _______ -- - - - --189 5 ___ "_____ -- - - - -____"_ - - -- - --- -18934 _______________
189 2 _______________
189
189 1 _____ -_ - - - - - - --

1,370,764
1,203,931
1,210,292
1,032,008
863,201

340,139
285,887
295,775
304,291
257,227

793,393
869,206
831,031
1,015,732
872,270

269,294
283,357
251,669
319,761
351,355

,,_ - ___ - - - - -189 09 ___


188 _______________
1888 --------------1887 --------------1886 ---------------

845,294
730,282
683,862
703,023
665,965

309,482
291,034
273,553
252,634
256,811

1885 --------------1884 --------------1883 --------------1882 --------------1881 ---------------

726,683
724,965
804,223
733,240
883,926

251,299
243,892
294,190
238,228
280,618

1880 --------------1879 --------------1878 --------------1877 --------------1876 ---------------

823,946
698,341
680,709
589,670
525,582

242,666
202,160
216,496
204,745
203,875

1875 --------------1874 --------------1873 --------------1872 --------------1871 ---------------

499,284
569,433
505,043
428,487
428,399

207,952
229,101
233,287
198,379
223,526

~---

4,090,715 1,208,468
988,456
3,765,091
983,553
4,378,928

8,080,481 1,882,530
7,749,816 1,623,085
972,107
6,047,875
832,827
6,169,617
815,693,
5,422,642

See footnotes on next page.

246

ManuCrude
factured
foodstuffs foodstuffs
58

59

Semimanufactures

Finished
manufactures

Total

Crude
materials

60

61

62

63

782,103 6,254,097 4,074,784 1,163,969


431,684 1,246,057
3,877,895 1,068,578
133,826 1,632,605 1,096,674 10,744,477 3,389,951 1,037,237
109,067 1,550,739 1,089,400 9,430,557 2,769,285 1,049,682
5,673,932
918,631
925,227
67,838
777,756 3,384,659 3,221,954 1,376,440
418,457
83,578
907,934 2,329,590 2,540,656 1,010,841
166,871
74,018
744,860
598,608 1,666,982 2,276,099
202,453
110,757
576,449
494,351 1,523,003 1,949,624
184,124
248,986
971,061
3,009,852
1,616,548
668,936
177,744
104,506
732,965
393,003 1.154,100 2,423,977
143,798
58,144
582,443
994,308 2,038,905
349,858
157,211
58,751
460,617
878,839 1,636,003
341,837
167,677
59,032
418,151
1,449,559
616,639
237,041
154,608
48,366
358,325
624,228 1,322,774
196,727
152,118
89,419
642,173
317,647 1,119,657 2,090,635
246,814
127,072
1,002,161
3,060,908
1,898,089
512,802
362,650
178,533
729,013 2,531,823 4,399,361 1,558,620
484,304
269,590
716,352 2,260,002 4,091,444 1,466,734
465,811
294,677
699,727 1,981,955 4,184,742 1,600.809
463,299
421,107
655,547 1,956,781 4,430,888 1,792,292
503,005
335,063
661,683 1,843,334 4,226,589 1,748.065
573,753
317,894
610,668 1,588,052 3,609,963 1,258,256
573,492
392,691
563,718 1;477,759 3,792,066 1,406,797
583,292
257,478
437,730 1,292,307 3,112,747 1,179,894
587,987
458,611
858,858
1,626,849 2,509.148
410,167
685,025
673,334
1,783,534
5,278,481
"3,204,858
958,497
917,991 1,116,605
1,701,057
922,246 2,563,505 3,904,365 1,233,697
678 ,~63 1,962,616
3,031,213
547,436 1,405,820 1,053,270 2,069,242
1,286,079
2,952,468
806,941 1,315,242 2,705,845
508,762
912,262 2,625,364 2,391,635 1,029,358
648,039
421,284
591,462
807,466 1,674,170
855,862
454,575
506,993
649,740
724,908 1,893,926
374,224
293,219
137,495
649,438
1,813,008
776,297
408,807
321,204
181,907
573,048
1,653,265
672,268
348,150
318,839
99,899
524,817
598,868 1.527,226
809.152
282,017
103,402
577,743
1,556,947
499.215
267,766
259,260
109,828
460,901
440.272 1,311,920
231,144
302,555
13.5,694
373,889
1,194,842
489,470
261,106
331,962
189,052
487,728
480,681 1,434,421
259,442
345,707
167,348
423,789
459,813 1,226,562
226,211
347,385
177,216
395,826
1,117,513
402,050
209,926
283,065
118,185
327,549
991,087
348,735
174,877
308,836
135,747
336,888
327,469 1,025,719
140,667
323,245
185,308
308,613
903,321
321,947
132,206
328,832
184,786
254,164
823,172
317,746
148,351
337,153
245,836
281,649
849,941
331,747
153,276
319,696
225,906
213,297
697,148
262,657
117,730
304,755
232,903
193,660
616,050
222,537
101,991
284,880
305,109
200,771
764,730
212,959
98,284
235,052
181,421
203,205
779,725
181,789
76,220
219,413
128,551
187,537
731,970
143,610
62,254
219,090
99,145
134,643
654,995
135,659
67,145
249,846
133,197
216,624
866,401
129,938
49,071
247,075
153,278
194,776
827,402
132,792
50,284
250,439
262,456
192,531
844,916
140,350
47,961
226,448
106,156
179,889
789,310
132,527
46,455
224,757
132,073
172,184
745,132
123,184
42,713
174,504
98,847
163,998
723,957
113,893
40,176
169,872
86,368
151,363
692,320
112,418
36,732
175,785
125,454
144,745
635,fi36
111,627
34,038
162,689
100,800
120,446
577,527
110,819
39,437
201,801
123,827
131,439
667,698
118,173
37,801
194,703
130,396
146,261
723,181
122,448
37,996
186,393
163,196
142,913
724,640
124,835
37,165
178,003
155,009
125,281
642,665
102,458
32,821
226,387
241,642
142,166
667,955
92,774
29,044
193,353
266,109
80,996
445,778
103,254
80,169
174,231
188,527
79,331
437,052
110,441
28,685
170,277
154,810
76,423
451,323
112,673
31,514
150,101
90,637
77,848
460,741
74,451
31,459
121,616
94,182
88,538
533,005
74,503
27,458
110,293
79,078
89,178
567,406
81,125
26,026
114,039
119,143
107,959
642,136
76,059
24,977
100,858
69,853
102,568
626,595
65,307
21,087
84,358
59,357
77,668
520,224
75,551
13,858
66,863
48,601

ManuCrude
factured
foodstuffs foodstuffs '

Semimanufactures

Finished
manufactures

64

65

66

67

693,137
841,348
584,227
348,576
376,179

461,524
520,979
421,157
274,507
322,058

928,486
706,235
677,505
639,506
724,226

827,668
740,755
669 ;826
457,015
423,051

285,066
290,839
260,117
413,312
348,682

277,444
313,336
810,539
440,056
386,240

558,606
486,766
384,964
634,174
490,238

408,699
440,297
417,555
551,250
465,852

322,327
254 ,314
215,700
232,964
304,828

818,828
263,547
201,483
173,927
222,316

409,690
307,302
292,005
216,967
372,043

405,617
350,223
322,220
340,591
549,275

400,125
538,560
549,892
504.686
539,818

293,448
423,622
405,814
450,849
417,817

608,153
885,051
762,831
749.801
804,333

'757,021
993,508
906,173
878.597
876,628

494,800
424,873
363,032
329,809
300,181

432,906
521,600
530,208
387,419
368,311

755,085
655,888
720,729
552,677
361,747

795,733
749,346
771,300
662,947
620,051

577,627 1,238,139
545,301 ' 555,808
397,370
345,653
351,553
885,725
338,707
260,132

802,456
608,996
649,585
536,663
417,860

876,725
493,203
404,908
392,448
345,578

223,930
247,948
211,747
230,358
181,195

285,725
227,644 '
194,243
196,101
172,006

237,176
319,276
349,402
293,739
287,786

385,877
449,318
408,179
360,019
861,422

144.777
164,111
145,578
149,748
134,315

181,566
165,701
147,009
158,656
140,858

285.138
222,102
" 196,248
274,096
220,299

367,723
299,106
381,618
864,198
307,801

146,131
132,224
119,203
120,280
110,385

145,356
118,223
116,620
95,350
125,541

177,828
160,234
195,751
147,656
127,577

252,372
252,858
257,757
281,421
205,505

97,916
98,933
103,985
128,380
130,002

133,028
123,448
86,091
129,245
118,806

134,222
91,954
79,289
88,490
101,071

208,126
169,516
153,025
217,844
226,640

141,377
133,310
131,664
175,559
150,639

107,026
155,349
153,739
139,795
147,722

96,487
82,895
135,609
112,729
136,446

199,543
148,798
228,765
204,544
217,578

128,480
123,131
116,087
106,362
91,589

133,332
122,254
111,048
111,715
112,771

116,924
115,080
121,605
120,080
91,539

230,686
212,483
211 ,219
202,800
194,792

93,346
103,011
93,091
104,948
102,487

102,938
130,778
142,128
139,438
123,880

78,255
94,698
98,755
98,624
87,791

182,543
207,771
242,946
238,717
208,726

100,297
82,284
84,400
86,134
94,187

118,125
102,660
102,035
114,579
91,927

110,780
49,692
46,501
48,532
51,"087

196,587
130,146
124,785
125,655
145,692

90,019
94,264
83,364
76,745
63,618

113,146
119,618
122,064
121,747
103,226

63,412
71,913
96,642
87,607
72,228

177,891
192,432
232,108
237,929
203,483

Data: M 56-7

FOREIGN TRADE

Series M 56-67.-FOREIGN TRADE-VALUE OF MERCHANDISE EXPORTS AND IMPORTS,


BY ECONOMIC CLASSES: 1821 TO 1945-Con.
[In thousands of dollars 1
IMPORTS I

EXPORTS OF U. S. MERCHANDISE

Total

YEAR 1

Crude
materials

Crude
foodstuffs

57

56

Manufactured
foodstuffs

58

SemiII factures
manu-

60

59

Finished
manufactures

Total

Crude
materials

61

62

63

1870 ______________ _
1869 ______________ _
1868 ______________ _
1867 ______________ _
1866 ______________ _

376,616
275,167
269,390
279,787
337,578

213,803
145,032
132,668
166,549
228,426

41,853
25,429
34,578
20,609
16,819

50,920
43,679
42,191
34,058
40,684

13,712
13,888
17,018
15,065
12,357

56,329
47,139
42,935
43,505
39,231

435,958
417,506
357,436
395,761
434,812

1865 ______________ _
1864 ______________ _
1863 ______________ _
1862 ______________ _
186L _____________ _

136,940
1"43,504
186,004
179,644
204,900

34,213
28,870
29,950
18,456
58,463

13,975
24,519
45,166
55,893
48,796

47,981
54,909
66,048
70,250
53,736

10,650
9,861
11 ,393
8,126
8,401

30,121
25,345
33,447
26,918
35,504

1860 ______________ _
1859 ______________ _
1858 ______________ _
1857 ______________ _
1856 ______________ _

316,242
278,392
251,351
278,907
266,438

216,998
190,114
155,248
158,052
145,375

12,166
10,147
17,545
. 31,207
28,578

38,625
32,437
38,534
48,559
53,325

12,642
10,672
9,866
11 ,037
8,041

1855_______________
192,751
1854 _______________ 6213,985
1853_______________
189,869
1852_______________
154,931
185L______________
178,620

108,685
107,590
124,292
100,687
124,519

10,920
22,153
8,019
7,237
5,396

33,009
46,688
26,620
19,837
19,702

84,124
75,735
36,665
31,331

7,536
4,565
2,724
2,475

20,017
15,936
9,557
10,085

1850 ______________ _
1840 _____________ _
1830 ______________ _
182L _____________ _

134,900
111,661
58,525
51,684

Semimanufactures
64

66

65

Finished
manufactures
67

56,612
50,302
40,970
43,494
47,692

54,081
52,925
51,720
50,697
60,669

96,082
95,073
77,879
65,387
72,482

55,569
62,651
53,435
55,666
55,841

173,615
156,555
133,432
180,516
198,128

238,746
316,447
243,336
189,357
289,311

29,537
39,900
47,556
32,824
30,504

35,137
44,258
30,455
32,495
40,177

48,031
51,558
35,168
34,566
53,743

29,902
52,281
35,149
23,774
32,614

95,138
128,450
95,009
65,698
132,273

35,811
35,023
30,158
30,052
31,118

353,616
331,333
263,339
348,428
310,432

39,691
38,649
34,372
34,394
27,184

45,744
43,871
35,634
40,600
39,122

59,838
57,339
45,330
71,671
46,308

34,899
40,424
31,013
38,649
40,794

172,129
151,051
116,490
163,114
157,025

11 ,304
10,878
6,451
6,075
6,203

28,833
26,677
24,488
21,095
22,799

257,809
297,804
263,777
207,440
210,771

27,056
22,816
18,175
13,564
16,719

32,935
25,088
26,155
23,967
19,749

34,138
32,671
32,857
29,123
29,251

34,720
44,631
42,377
21,103
26,982

128,959
172,597
1440,213
119,683
118,050

6,061
4,841
4,118
4,867

17,162
10,584
5,462
2,925

173,510
98,259
62,721
54,521

12,556
12,140
4,797
2,540

18,012'
15,273
7,382
5,082

21,465
15,189
9,654
10,821

26,163
11 ,359
5,152
4,079

95,312
44,3()0
35,735
30,999

Fiscal year ending Sept. 30. 1821-1840; June 30, 1850-1915; calendar years
thereafter.
2 Includes beverages.
S Import data are "general imports" through 1932, "imports for consumption"
thereafter.
4 Imports for consumption (in thousands of dollars) are as follows: Series M 62,
1,433,013; series M 63, 419,632; series M 64, 215,490; series M 65, 191,196; series
M 66, 289,612; and series M 67,317,083.
1

5 Figures (in thousands of dollars) for 6-month period July I, 1915-Dee. 31,1915
are as follows: Series M 56, 1,820,393; series M 57, 303,228: series M 58, 157,897:
series M 59, 292,720; series M 60, 258,002; series M 61, 798,546; series M 52
912,787; series M 63, 378,446; series M 64, 130,398; series M 65, 113,441; serie'
M 66, 143,752; and series M 67,146,750.
6 Excludes exports from San Francisco valued at $1,343,064.

Series M 68-74.-FOREIGN TRADE-VALUE OF MERCHANDISE IMPORTS AND DUTIES ON


THEM: 1821 TO 1945
[ Figures are for merchandise imports entered for consumption 1
VALUES
YEAR

Total

Free

Dutiable

Duties
calculated

RATIO OF DUTIES
CALCULA TED
TO TOTAL

~~t~abl~

Amount
duties
per
Dutiable capita

VALUES
YEAR 1

Total

Free

Dutiable

Deties
calculated

68

69

70

71

1----1----/----,--/---- - - - - - - - - - - - -

68

69

70

71

----1----1-----/----1---

1945 ______
1944 ______
1943 ______
1942 ______
194L _____

1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
dlJllars
dolla.rs
dollars
dollars
4,086,0172,737,2611,348,756380,827
3,877,8952,708,3911,169,504367',286
3,389,9512,192,702 1,197,249 392,368
2,769,2851,767,5921,001,693 320,117
3,221,9542,030,9191,191,035437,750

1940 ______
1939 ______
1938 ______
1937 ______
1936 ______

72

73

---------II-----I----/---~I---

RATIO OF DUTIES
CALCULATED
TO TOTAL

Amount

du.ties

P're~ and Dutiable C:;i~a


dutIable
7%

73

------------

1,000
1,000
dollars
dollars
1,547,109751,853
1,281,542 509,376
1,183,121525,705
1,415,402641,953
1,213,418548,696

1,000
dollars
785,756
682,266
657,416
773,449
664,722

1,000
dollars
326,552
294,567
282,583
329,480
293,910

Percent

Percent

21.11
22.99
28.88
28.28
24.22

41.56
43.19
42.!J8
42.60
44.22

Dollars
3.52
3.2!i
3.15
8.75
8.40

1905 ______ 1,087,118517,073


1904______ 981,823454,153
1903 ______ 1,007,950437,291
1902______ 899,794396,542
1901 ,___ __ 807,753 339,093

570,045
527,669
570,669
503,252
468,670

258,426
258,161
280,752
251,453
238,556

23.77
26.29
27.85
27.95
28.91

45.83
48.92
49.20
4!9.97
49.83

3.05
3.11
3.45
3.15
2.96

Percent

Percent

9.32
9.47
11.57
11.56
13.59

28.24
31.41
32.77
31.96
36.75

Dollars
22.68
22.61
~ 2.82
, 2.33
23.23

2,640,656 1,648,965 891,691 317,711


2,276,0991,397,280 878,819328,034
1,949,6241,182,696 766,929301,375
3,0()9,8521,755,2481,244,605 470,509
2,428,9771,384,9371,039,040408,127

12.51
14.41
15.46
15.63
16.84

35.63
37.33
39.30
37.80
39.28

'2.37
2.45
2.28
3.59
3.13

1935 ______
1934 ______
933 ______
1932 ______
93L _____

2,088,9051,205,987
1,636,003 991,151
1,433,013 903,547
1,325,093 885,536
2,088,4551,391,693

832,918
544,842
529,466
439,557
596,762

357,163
301,168
283,681
259,600
370,771

17.52
18.41
19.80
19.59
17.75

42.88
46.70
53.58
59.05
53.21

2.76
2.34
2.22
2.05
2.94

1900 , ____ _
1899 _____ _
1898 _____ _
1897 _____ _
1896 _____ _

830,519 366,760
585,442 299 ,669
587,154291,534
789,251381,902
759,694368,898

463,759 229,361
385,773 202 ,072
295,520 145,438
407,349 172,750
390,797 157,014

27.52
29.48
24.77
21.89
20.57

49.46
52.38
49.20
42.41
40.18

8.02
2.72
1.99
2.41
2.23

1930 ______
1929 ______
1928. _____
1921- _____
1926 ______

3,11.4,0762,081,123 1,032,954
4,338,5722,880,128 1,458,444
4,077,9372,678,633 1,399,304
4,163,0902,680,0591,483,031
4,408,0762,908,1071,499,969

461,790
584,771
542,270
574,839
590,045

14.83
13.48
13.30
13.81
13.39

44.71
40.10
38.76
38.76
89.34

3.69
4.74
4.45
4.79
4.98

1895 _____ _
1894 _____ _
1893 _____ _
1892 _____ _
189L ____ _

731,162376,890
630,108372,462
832 ,733 432,450
804,298448,771
845,483 379 ,028

354,272 149,451
257,5,(6 129,559
400,283 199 ,144
355,527 174,124
455,455 216,885

20.44
20.56
23.91
21.65
25.65

42.19
60.29
49.75
48.98
46.50

2.17
1.92
3.00
2.67
3.40

1925 ______
192.4 ______
1923 ______
1922 ______
192L _____

4,176,2182,708,8281,457,391 551,853
3,575,1112,118,1681,456,943 532,286
3,731,769 2,165,148 1,566,621 566,664
3,073,773 1,888,240 1,185,533 451,356
2,556,8691,564,278 992,591292,397

13.21
14.89
15.18
14.68
11.44

37.61
36.53
36.17
38.07
29.46

4.73
4.63
5.00
4.05
2.66

1890 _____ _
1889 _____ _
1888 _____ _
1887 _____ _
1886 _____ _

765,709 258 ,137


734,681 249,824
707,091238,948
679,645229,319
624,049210,271

507,572
484,857
468,144
450,325
413,778

225 ,540
220,577
216,042
214,222
189,410

29.59
30.02
30.55
31.52
80.85

44.63
45.49
46.15
47.67
46.78

3.60
3.60
8.60
3.65
8.30

1920 ______
1919 ______
1918 ______
1917 ______
1916 ______

5,101,8233,115,9581,985,865325,646
3,827,6832,711,4621,116,221237,456
2,951,5312,228,675 722,856170,934
2,919,2912,140,947 778,344204,585
2,358,6121,614,842 743,770214,214

6.38
6.20
5.79
7.01
9.08

16.40
21.27
23.65
26.28
28.80

3.03
2.24
1.64
1.99
2.11

1885 _____ _
1884 _____ _
1883 _____ _
1882 _____ _
188L ____ _

579,336192,443
667,752211,089
701,220206,868
716,717 210,672
650,618202,294

386,892 178,152
455,662 190,283
494,352 210,637
506,045 215,139
4,(8,825 193,&01

30.75
28.50
80.04
30.16
29.79

45.05
41.67
42.61
42.71

43~23

3.17
3.47
3.92
4.12
3.78

i2.49
14.88
17.69
18.58
20.29

33.46
37.63
40.08,
40.16
41.27

2.06
2.87
3.21
3.18
3.28

1880 _____ _
1879 _____ _
1878 _____ _
1877 _____ _
1876 _____ _

627,526207,773
439,873142,803
438,613 141,250
439,824 140,494
464,524 140,191

419,754
297,070
297,353
299,329
324,333

29.12
30.33
29.00
29.20
31.25

43.54
44.90
42.77
42.91
44.76

3.64
2.73
2.67
2.77
3.22

1915 J _____ 1,648,386 1,032,864


1914 ______ 1,906,4001,152,392
1913 ______ 1,766,689 986,972
1912 ______ 1,640,723 881,513
191L _____ 1,527,946 776,964
See footnotes on next page.

615,523 205,947
754,008 283,719
779,717 312,510
759,210304,899
750,982 309,966

1910 ______
1909 ___ .:. __
1908 ______
1907 ______
1906 ______

182,748
133,395
127,195
128,428
145,179

247

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS AND FOREIGN TRADE

Data: M 68-86

01~

Series M 68-74.-FOREIGN TRADE-VALUE OF MERCHANDISE IIvIPORTS AND DUTIES


THEM: 1821 TO 1945-Con.
!Figures are for merchandise imports entered for consumption 1
VALUES
YEAR 1

Total

Free

Dutiable

Duties
calculated

RATIO OF DUTIES

C~~~~~I~D

~~~ia~l: Dutiable

Amount
duties
per
capita

VALUES
YEAR 1

Total

Free

Dutiable

Duties
calculated

RATJO OF DUTIES
CALCULATED
TO TOTAL

Free and!
.
dutiable DutIable

Amount
duties
per
capita

1----1---1----1---- - - - - - - - - - - - 74
68
70
73
69
72
73
68
69
71
72
70
71
74
-----1----1-----1----1-------'---1----1----11---- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000

1875 _____ _
1874 _____ _
1873 _____ _
1872 _____ _
187L ____ _

dollars
526,433
567,500
662,877
559,660
499 ,700

dollars
146,293
151,375
177,721'
46,865
40 ,037

dollars
380,140
416,126
485,155
512,795
459,663

dollars
154,555
160,522
184,929
212,619
202,447

Percent
29.36
28.29
27.90
37.99
40.51

Percent
40.66
38.58
38.12
41.46
44.04

Dollars
3.51
3.75
4.43
5.24
5.12

1870 _____ _
1869 _____ _
1868 _____ _
1861- ____ _
1866 _____ _

426,346
394,449
344,809
378,159
423,471

20,214
21,693
15,148
17,033
57,121

406,132
372,757
329 ,661
361,126
366,349

191,514
176,558
160,533
168,504
177,057

44.89
44.76
46.56
44.56
41.81

47.13
47.37
48.70
46.66
48.33

4.96
4.68
4.34
4.65
4;96

1865 _____ _
1864 _____ _
1863 _____ _
1862 _____ _
186L ____ _

209,657
301,113
225,375
178,330
274,656

40,097
38,163
30,027
49,843
67,421

169,559
262,951
195,349
128 ,487
207,235

80,635
96,466
63,729
46,509
39,038

38.46
32.04
28.28
26.08
14.21

47.56
36.69
32.62
36.20
18.84

2.33
2.83
1. 91
1.42
1.22

1860 _____ _
1859 _____ _
1858 _____ _
1857 _____ ._
1856 _____ _

336,282
316,823
242,678
333,511
295,651

68,391
66,856
55,293
49,942
49,603

267,891 52,692
249,967 48,895
187,385 42,047
283,569 63,665
246,047 64,084

15.67
15.43
17.33
19.09
21.68

19.67
19.56
22.44
22.45
26.05

1. 68
1. 59
1.41
2.20
2.28

1855 _____ _
1854 _____ _
1853 ___ .__ _
1852 _____ _
185L ____ _

231,650
276,088
250,157
195,387
200,476

29,914
22,553
24,733
21,650
. 17,911

201,736 54,120
253 ,535 64,932
225,425 58,468
173,73847,578
182,565 48,626

23.36
23.52
23.37
24.35
24.26

26.83
25.61
25.94
27.38
26.63

1.99
2.46
2.28
1.92
2.03

1850 _____ _
1849 _____ _
1848 __ __ _

164,034
132,565
140,652

15,982
13,711
14,946

148,052 40,182
118.,854 31,028
125,706 33,034

24.50
23.41
23.49

27.14
26.11
26.28

1. 73
1.38
1. 51

I Fiscal years ending Sept. 30,1821 to 1842: June 30,1843 to 1915: calendar years
thereafter beginning in 1916.
2 Based on estimated population of the U. S. including armed forces overseas.
3 Figures for 6-month period July 1, 1915-Dec. 31, 1915, are as follows: Series M
68, $934,675,000: series M 69, $631,384,000: series M 70, $303,291,000: series M
71, $95,858,000; series M 72, 10.26 percent: series M 73, 31.61 percent: and series
M 74, $0.95.

dollars
dollars
15,839 100,419
18,647 91,401

dollars
28,138
30,485

Percent
24.20
27.70

Percent
28.02
33.35

Dollars
1.33
1.48

1845__ __ _ _ 105,600
1844_ _ ___ _ 96,391
1843 "_____
37,294
1842______
87,996
184L_____ 114,776

15,665
16,685
11,571
23,346
57,078

89,935
79,706
25,723
64,650
57,698

30,979
29,396
7,509
16,686
19,941

29.34
30.50
20.13
18.96
'17.37

34.45
36.88
29.19
25.81
34.56

1.56
1.53
0.40
0.91
1.13

1840______
86,250
1839 ___ ~ __ 145,871
1838 __ ~___
86,553
1837 ______ 113,311
1836______ 158,811

42,111
65,188
38,162
50,977
70,121

44,140
80,683
48,391
62,333
88,691

15,179
25,632
19,999
18,192
30,992

17.60
17.57
23.11
16.05
19.51

34.39
31. 77
41.33
29.19
34.94

0.88
1.55
1.24
1.16
2.04

1835 ______ 122,008


1834_ _ __ _ _ 86 ,973
83,470
1833______
1832______
75,328
183L_____
82,808

57,796
39,725
20,212
6,997
5,508

64,212
47,249
63,258
68,331
77 ,300

25,931
18,988
24,196
29,356
36,623

21.25
21.83
28.99
38.97
44.23

40.38
40.19
38.25
42.96
47.38

1. 75
1.32
1.73
2.16
2.77

1847______
1846______

dollars
116,258
110,049

1830 _____ _
1829 _____ _
1828 _____ _
1827_____ _
1826 _____ _

49,575
54,742
66,976
54,901
57,653

3,512
3,482
4,012
2,890
4,650

46,064
51,260
62,963
52,011
53,002

28,417
27,770
29,966
27,962
26,108

57.32
50.73
44.74
50.93
45.28

61. 69
54.17
47.59
53.76
49.26

2.21
2.22
2.46
2.38
2.28

1825 _____ _
1824 _____ _
1823 _____ _
1822 _____ _
182L ____ _

66,396
53,847
51,311
68,396
43,696

3,708
3,083
2,627
3,554
1,731

62,688
50,763
48,684
64,842
41,966

31,683
25,516
22,416
24,095
18,883

47.72
47.39
43.69
35.23
43.21

50.54
50.26
46.04
37.16
45.00

2.84
2.36
2.13
2.36
1.90

4 During the period from May 1, 1900, to July 25, 1901, merchandise brought
from Puerto Rico was dutiable at 15 percent of regular rates. The duties collected
thereon were as follows: May 1, 1900, to June 30, 1900, $134,593.88; July I, 1900
to July 25, 1901, $448,193.91.
Ii Period beginning Oct. I, 1842, and ending June 30, 1843.

Series M 75-86.-FOREIGN TRADE-VALUE OF MERCHANDISE IMPORTS, FREE AND


DUTIABLE, BY ECONOMIC CLASSES: 1821 TO 1945
!In thousands of dollars. See headnote for series M 42-55, p. 243]

TOTAL

YEAR'

CRUDE MATERIALS

CRUDE FOODSTUFFS
AND FOOD ANIMALS

MANUFACTURED
FOODSTUFFS 2

SEMlMANUFACTURElS

FINISHED
MANUFACTURES

Free

Dutiable

Free

Dutiable

Free

Dutiable

Free

Dutiable

Free

Dutiable

Free

Dutiable

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

83

84

85

86

1945 _________________
1944 _________________
1943 _________________
1942 _________________
194L ________________

2,723,957
2,708,391
2,192,702
1,767,592
2,030,919

1,350,827
1,169,504
1,197,249
1,001,693
1,191,035

725,110
717,815
683,686
720,285
998,216

438,859
350,763
353,550
329,397
378,224

501,384
658,129
437,939
276,127
299,095

191,753
183,219
146,288
72,450
77,084

253,312
240,845
69,647
26,471
59,262

208,212
280,134
351,510
248,035
262,796

666,150
515,095
497,648
446,715
455,542

262,336
191,141
179,858
192,791
268,684

578,001
576,507
503,782
297,994
218,804

249,667
164,248
166,043
159,020
204,247

1940 _________________
1939 _________________
1938. ________________
1937 _________________
1936 _________________

891,691
1,648,965
1,397,280
878,819
1,182,696
766,929
1,765,248 1,244,605
1,384,937 1,039,040

795,032
581,910
446,428
752,637
560,438

215,810
162,950
130,021
218,424
172,527

226,439
235,480
219,434
274,873
235,550

58,627
55,359
40,682
138,438
113,131

64,561
66,768
65,196
91,630
79,176

212,883
246,568
245,343
348,425
307,063

360,007
306,571
266,422
431,938
322,641

198,598
180,195
118,542
202,236
167,597

202,926
206,551
185,215
214,169
187,132

205,773
233,746
232,340
$37,081
278,721

832,918
644,842
571 ,459
443,731
709,199

448,276
345,395
298,250
286,731
524,541

134,167
115,222
119,900
71,594
117,632

227,422
209,404
190,199
207,438
269,124

94,905
44,910
25,500
25,526
35,704

74,296
78,793
78,492
66,640
64,109

244,533
184,754
122,991
107,287
158,207

284,644
212,145
177,989
147,963
267,649

125,046
95,157
114,016
69,004
104,394

171 ,349
145,424
133,170
170,271
256,012

234,268
204,799
189,051
170,220
293,263

1,009,798
1,556,007
1,475,205
1,562,869
1,577,477

834,120
1,289,317
1,222,411
1,315,237
1,483,772

168,041
269,303
244,323
285,572
308,520

331,179
443,372
431,587
392,971
438,594

68,946
95,188
118,305
111,715
101,224

78,153
82,375
75,115
75,698
57,192

215,295
341,247
330,699
375,151
360,625

448,618
630,586
541,456
527,187
568,379

159,536
254,465
221,375
222,614
235,954

359,041
397,704
345,671
310,780
305,481

397,981
595,804
560,502
567,817
571,147

1925 _________________ 2,651,266 1,575,323 1,400,083


977,635
_________________ 2,135,942 1,656,124 1,091,393
1923
922
________
c ________
1,240,830
963,150
1921 _________________ 1.871 ,917
946,856
1,562,292
750,640
1

347,982
280,621
315,404
216,744
108,219

392,942
335,741
279,222
249,600
253,703

101,858
89,132
83,810
80,209
46,477

72,171
62,044
52,164
43,115
53,604

360,735
459,556
478,044
344,304
314,707

. 517,010
462,898
471,775
370,871
236,458

238,075
192,989
248,954
181,806
125,289

269,060
241,778
241,388
245,181
267,887

526,673
507,568
529,912
417,767
352,164

________________ 1,205,987
1935.
934 _________________ 991,161
1933
_________________
878,100
1
1932 _________________ 879,043
1931. ________________ 1,381,435
________________
1930.
929. ________________
1928
___________
_____
1
927 _________________
1926
_________________
1

2,051,110
2,843,354
2,616,239
2,621,873
2,853,411

1924. ________________ 2,080,096 1,529,867

See footnotes on next page.

248

Data: M 75-86

FOREIGN TRADE

Series M 75-86.-FOREIGN TRADE-VALUE OF MERCHANDISE IMPORTS, FREE AND


DUTIABLE, BY ECON01VIIC CL..A...SSES: 1821 TO 1945-Con.
[ In thousands of dollars J

-CRUDE MATERIALS

TOTAL
YEAR

Free

Dutiable

75

76

.J

Dutiable

Free

Dutiable
80

78

79

1920 ____ - _- - - - - - - - -- _ 3,117,010 2,161,471 1,551,570


1919 ____ - - - - - - - - - - - - _ 2,698,703 1,205,662 1,508,164
800,860 1,092,837
1918 __ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ 2,230,353
816,916 1,169,041
1917 _____ - - - - - - - - - -- _ 2,135,552
922,045
779,748
1916 ___ - - - - - - - - - - - -- _ 1,611,887

231,964
192,894
140,860
117,038
107,312

513,117
480,856
283,535
316,965
216,570

64,510
64,444
62,118
68,759
43,562

640,643
766,423
825,484
771,594
750,254

517,034
560,000
519,103
453,931
409,671

74,428
89,740
130,334
1l9,117
115,145

196,763
201,868
179,829
180,127
147,262

27,167
46,080
31,917
50,231
33,932

1915 a____________ - -- _ 1,033,527


1914 __ - - - - - - - - - - - - -- _ 1,127,503
1913 ____ --- ---- - - -- -- 987,524
1912 ______ - -- -- - ----- 881,671
1911 __ - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- 776,972

Free

CRUDE FOODSTUFFS
AND FOOD ANIMALS

77

MANUFACTURED
FOODSTUFFS 2

Free
81

Dutiable
82

SEMIMANUFACTURES

FINISHED
MANUFACTURES

Free

Dutiable

Free

Dutiable

83

84

85

86

124,314 1,113,825
486,304
69,504
305,646
91,724
292,298
59,255
301,306
37,401

547,308
399,579
561,448
422,021
299,265

255,149
209,418
88,137
114,642
118,595

380,702
240,601
200,809
168,270
136,606

496,023
252,602
204,099
224,178
208,972

51,073
37,202
10,889
16,629
12,339

234,652
190,443
183,354
179,471
159,668

161,781
200,925
180,580
153,258
142,773

75,396
1l8,350
168,822
140,481
145,013

106,876
127,508
97,122
77,725
64,928

229,001
321,810
311,057
282,294
296,495

123,295
95,079
84,721
116,722
91,172

161,843
127,023
111,528
157,374
129,126

64,993
32,723
35,961
31,992
28,508

302,730
266,384
295,657
332,201
279,294

106,767
94,676
128,493
96,519
82,877

23,890
24,765
19,609
19,084
19,976

228,482
228,092
238,149
212,336
185,530

1910 __ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1909 _____ - - - - - - - - - - - 1908 ___ - - - -.- - - - - - - - -1907 ______ - - - - - - - - - -1906 _____ - - - - - - - - - - --

755,311
599,557
525,603
644,030
(149,624

801,636
712,363
668,739 .
790,391
676,938

443,951
334,957
282,943
366,164
312,290

133,792
125,944
90,946
121,564
111,499

1l3,681
131,621
1l6,510
125,047
114,305

31,095
32,490
29,068
24,701
20,010

9,391
5,177
5,469
4,105
3,349

172,176
160,524
141,540
154,551
137,009

1905 __ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1904 __ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1903 _____ -- - - - -- -- - -1902 _____ - - - ----- - --1901 _____ - - - - - - - - - - --

517,442
454,130
426,181
396,819
339,609

600,071
536,957
599,538
506,502
483,563

292,921
249,998
249,276
233,242
191,155

102,905
77,552
87,112
75,371
63,009

126,254
110,481
86,622
90,287
80,961

19,877
21,742
32,581
29,993
29,424

3,317
3,328
3,417
3,068
2,817

142,039
114,895
113,203
92,283
122,724

71,061
65,558
67,258 51,138
44,700

1900 _____ - - - - - - - - -- -1899 ____ - - - - - - - - - - - -1898 ___ - -- - - - -------1897 ___ - _ - - - - - - - - - - -1896 ____ - - - -- --------

367,237300,280
291,414
381,938
369,758

482,704
396,868
324,636
382,792
409,967

212,820
168,653 147,341
182,775
176,657

68,829
44,643
46,319
17,996
26,549

68,722
69,948
86,145
108,089
108,891

29,194
28,985
17,840
20,291
21,111

23,110
19,783
18,874
17,082
15,903

109,918
103,665
67,217
112,163
102,902

45,578
26,226
23,739
39,566
37,718

88,644
65,728
55,550
48,925
63,353

17,007
15,670
15,316
34,427
30,588

186,119
153,847
137,709
183,417
196,051

1895 ___ - _- - - - - - - - - - -1894 ___ - - - - - - - - - - - - -1893 _______ - - - -- - - --1892 _________________


1891 ____ - ---- ---- ----

363,234
379,796
444,544
457,999
366,241

368,736
275,199
421,857
369,403
478,675

156,464
106,654
165,928
149,159
139,855

31,073
27,989
50,697
45,616
52,676

120,847
114,255
106,769
155,831
126,337

20,530
19,054
24,895
19,728
24,302

34,343
130,454
121,858
111,614
62,119

72,683
24,895
31,881
28,180
85,603

29,955
15,129
33,114
26,437
23,435

66,531
67,765
102,495
86,293
113,011

21,625
18,302
16,876
14,959
14,495

177,919
135,496
211,889
189,585
203,082

1890 ___ - - -- - - - -- - - - -1889 ___ - _.__ - - - -- - ---1888 ___ - _- - - - - - - - - - -1887 ___ - ----- --- - - - -1886 ___ - _ - --- - -------

265,668
256,487
244,072
234,221
212,159

523,642
488,645
479,885
458,099
423,277

112,495
107,210
107,043
100,459
97,600

67,394
64,974
56,955
50,904
47,146

106,515
100,507
87,121
84,826
'-- 71,204

21,965
22,624
28,966
21,536
20,384

15,375
16,062
15,222
11,095
10,565

117,957
106,192
95,826
100,620
102,207

19,275
19,655
20,657
20,282
16,006

97,650
95,425
100,947
99,798
75,533

12,009
18,052
14,028
17,559
16,784

218,677
199,430
197,191
185,241
178,007

1885 ______ --- --- - - --1884 ___ - - - - - - - - - - - - -1883 ______ --- --- - - --1882 ______ -- -- ------1881 ___ - _ -- ---.-------

193,213
209,884
207,505
210,579
202,491

384,314
457,814
515,676
514,061
440,173

79,242
87,698
99,720
100,603
89,655

41,205
43,740
46,541
42,310
35,625

73,323
80,592
70,585
74,006
84,058

20,022
22,419
22,506
30,944
18,429

11,796
10,930
8,901
8,241
6,330

91,142
119,848
133,227
131,198
117,051

14,025
16,087
16,701
16,729
12,502

64,230
78,611
82,054
81,895
75,288

14,828
14,576
11 ,597
11 ,000
9,946

167,715
193,195
231,348
227,717
193,780

1880 _____ -- - ---- - - --1879 _____ - - - - - - - - - - - 1878 ______ ---- -- - ---1877 _- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1876 _____ - - - ---- -- ---

208,302
142,682
141,278
140,788
140,362

459,653
303,096
295,773
. 310,535
320,379

92,058
57,513
52,752
51,949
50,238

50,108
23,483
26,579
24,474
27,610

85,524
66,061
71 ,189
73,021
78,238

14,773
16,223
13,211
13,114
15,949

5,054
3,785
3,553
2,826
1,002

113,072
98,875
98,482
111,753
90,925

15,405
8,645
7,785
7,350
6,384

95,375
41,048
38,715
41,182
44,703

10,261
6,678
6,000
5,642
4,500

186,326
123,468
118,785
120,018
141,192

1875 _____ - -- -- -- - - --187L __ - - - - - - - - - - - - -1873 ____ - - - - - - - - - - - -1872 ________ -- --- - --1871. __ - _ - - - - - - - - - - - -

146,280
151 1 482
144,816
47,267
36,588

386,726
415,925
497,320
579,328
483,636

55,609
57,710
61,414
37,307
28,369

32,928
31,468
46,544
65,261
49,299

75,729
78,159
70,149
892
4200

873
14,290
982
16,106
13,215 ---------75,853 ---------63,418 ----------

112,273
118,636
122,064
121,747
103,226

6,770
8,355
8,090
3,987
4,075

56,641
63,559
88,551
83,620
68,153

7,299
6,276
5,162
5,081
3,944

170,598
186,156
226,946
232,847
199,540

1870 __ - - - - -- ---- - - --1869 _____ - -- -- - - - - - -1868 ______ -- - - -- - - --1867 ___ - - --- - - ----- -1866 __ -- ---- - - -------

20,141
21,647
15,191
23,133
59,029

415,818
395,860
342,246
372,628
375,784

13,582
10,272
7,225
7,729
10,742

199
43,030
78
40,030
33,745 -------_ ... 35,765 ---------21,939
36,950

53,882 ---------52,847 ---------51,720 ---_ ... ----50,697 ---------9,233


38,730

96,082
95,073
77,879
65,387
63,248

2,518
9,220
5,259
5,392
11,220

53,051
53,431
48,176
50,274
44,620

3,842
2,076
2,706
10,013
5,893

169,773
154,479
130,726
170,504
192,235

1865 ___ - - - - - - - - - - - - -1864 ___ - - - - - - - - - - - - -1863 _____ - - - ----- - --1862 ____ - - ------- ---186L_ - -- -- - - - - -- -- --

44,520
41,126
35,242
52,722
71 ,130

194,226
275,321
208,094
136,635
218,180

7,653
8,575
6,536
15,213
15,818

21,884
31,326
41,020
17,611
14,685

15,378
13,452
6,223
14,752
37,019

19,760
30,806
24,231
17,744
3,158

' 6,152
4,603
3,273
4,349
4,980

41,879
46,955
31,894
30,217
48,763

7,730
7,975
7,136
7,662
9,398

22,172
44,306
28,013
16,112
23,216

7,607
6,522
12,073
10,747
3,915

88,531
121,927
82,936
54,951
128,358

1860 ___ - - - - - - - - - - - - -1859 _____ --- ----- - --1858 ___ - - - - - - - - - - - - -1857 _' ___ - - -- ----- - - -1856 __ - -- - ---- - ------

73,741
72,286
61,045
54,268
52,748

279,875
259,047
202,294
294,161
257,684

17,510
15,282
15,814
5,359
3,973

23,496
23,366
18,558
29,035
23,211

42,126
40,616
31,937
37,945
36,408

3,617
3,255
3,697
2,656
2,714

4,447
3,884
3,752
4,932
5,731

55,391
53,455
42,078
66,739
40,577

.6,433
8,809
6,566
3,290
3,881

28,466
31,614
24,447
35,1J58
36,913

3,225
3,694
2,976
2, N1
2,755

168,904
147,357
113,514
160,372
154,270

1855 ___ - - - -- -- - -- - - -1854 __ --- --- ------- -1853 ___ - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1852. ______ - - - ---- --1851. ___ - - -- - - --- - ---

36,431
25,760
27,182
24,188
19,653

221,378
272,043
236,595
183,253
191,118

2,773
1,726
906
708
504

24,284
21,090
17,269
12,855
16,215

28,504
21,253
23,712
21,620
17,531

1,516
4,431
3,836 ---------2,443 ---------2,347 ---------2,218 ----------

32,622
32,671
32,857
29,123
29,261

1,201
1,038
1,322
770
877

33,519
43,594
41,055
20,333
26,105

2,437
1,744
1,243
1,090
741

126,523
170,853
142,970
118,593
117,318

1850 ____ - - - - - - - - - - - -1840 5___________ - - - - 1830 ___ ---- - - -- -- - --1821 ______ - - -- - -- - ---

18,082
48,313
4,590
2,017

155,428
49,945
58,131
52,503

602
9,780
3,348
1,475

15,803
11 ,954
15,214
2,361
1,450 __ --------1,066 ----------

2,208
60 ----i~02i7,382 - .... -----_.6,082 ----------

21,466
14,168
9,654
10,821

764
4,962
1,211
488

25,399
6,394
3,942
3,591

911
17,337
31
55

94,401
26,963
35,708
30,944

) Fiscal years ending Sept. 30, 1821-1840; June 80, 1850-1915; ,calendar years
thereafter beginning in 1916.
2 Includes beverages.
S Figures (in thousands of dollars) for 6-month period July~1-Dec. 31, 1915, are
as follows: Series M 75, 628,887; series M 76, 283,950; series M 77, 332,105; series

M 78, 46,340; series M 79, 113,550; series M 80, 16,849; series M 81, 20,082, series
M 82, 93,359; series M 88, 103,717; series M 84,40,035; series M 85, 59,383; series
M 86, 87,367.
, Estimated value of free fish.
5 Teas, coffee, and fruits transferred to free list in 1838 in tariff- of 1882.

249
748706-49-17

t-:l
01

Series M 87-102.-FOREIGN TRADE-VALUE OF MERCHANDISE EXPORTS AND IMPORTS BY DESTINATION AND


ORIGIN: 1821 TO 1945

t:I

I\)

M-

I\)

[In thousands of dollars. See headnote for series M 42-55, p. 243 J

~
00

j1
.....

EXPORTS (INCLUDING REEXPORTS)


YEAR 1

Total
87

To North America
Northern I Southern
88

1945-----~---- _______ 19'805'87511.'215'660


1944 _________________ 14,258,702 1,480,619
1943 __ ~ ______________ 12,964,906 1,478,562
1942 __ --_ ____________ 8,079,517 1,368,777
194L ________________ 5,147,154 1,012,331

89

GENERAL IMPORTS

So~th

To
ITo Europel To Asia ITo Oceanial To Africa
Amenca
90

91

92

725,938
625,938
543,998
473,028
507,680

645,491
540,277
411,480
375,836
527,375

5,492,773
9,344,199
7,617,046
3,997,077
1,846,928

845,225
995,782
837,541
687,541
625,198

93

94

357,027
523,761
410,484
861,404
568,927 1,507,353
361,454
815,804
123,376
504,266

Total

From North America

From
EUrope

From
Asia

From
Oceania

From
Africa

97

98

99

100

101

102

751,499
757,830
641,813
380,683
411 ,290

962,332
922,813
775,887
638,941
674,286

397 '3491 407,171


285,274
321,940
233,513
234,814
337,542
217,647
280,773 1,087,844

169,165
130,305
245,376
230,835
158,957

295,789
221,189
203,401[)
. 203,565

437,101
349,256
267,504
407,431
381,313

256,307
231,374
222,722
283,045
237,247

395,105
317,267
262,613
422,026
291,505

390,161
617,166
567,226
843,329
717,544

980,869
699,582
569,503
967,261
707,728

34,673
26,705
16,189
68,428
35,865

131 ,16:~
76, 73:~
54,671
92,148
51,389'
41, 72:~
33,3211
28,266
24,241
32,888

Northern I Southern
95

From
South
America

96

4,135,941 1,152,636
3,919,270 1,279,919
3,381,349 1,046,545
2,744,862
735,648
3,345,005
570,956

1940__ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ __
1939 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _
1938 ____________ ~_ _ __
1937 -- __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ ___ _
1936___ _ _ _ _ __ _ ___ _ _ _ _

4,021,146
3,177,176
3,094,440
3,349,167
2,455,978

724,612
498,170
475,572
519,058
391,555

341,220
304,026
264,423
321,068
225,155

435,584
329,127
299,714
318,354
204,222

1,645,428
1,289,753
1,325,943
1,359,610
1,042,804

619,210
561,572
516,777
579,971
398,885

1935 _________________
1934_ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ ___ _
1933 _________________
1932_________________
193L_ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _

2,282,874
2,132,800
1,674,994
1,611 ,016
2,424,289

94,483
79,505
93,662
98,948
79,154

329,542
308,015
214,833
245,736
403,732

201,789
178,048
126,026
119,216
187,094

174,3411,029,241
161,701
949,929
114,048
850,032
96 ,589
784,47 i
158,691 1,187,116

377,940
401,210
292,030
292,253
386,121

1930_ ____ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ _


1929_ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _
1928__ ____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _
1927 -- ___ ___ _ __ _ _ __ _ _
1926"_ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

3,843,181
5,240,995
5,128,356
4,865,375
4,808 ,660

73,802
57,081
35,109
36,774
41,574

96,219
76,815
42,916
35,974
59,961

2,047,485
1,655,055
1,449,559
1,322,774
2,090,635

293,148
238,496
190,651
181,413
277,111

201,409
160,724
127,116
157,107
239,930

670,652
961,473
924,172
845,307
747,685

281,472
228,958
202,280
200,902
307,190

348,574
433,590
397,195
407,720
428,797

598,716
489,632
462,955
389,570
640,690

337,5091,841,412
539,310 2,344,312
480,815 2,376,503
438,159 2,311 ,237
443,5072,309,041

604,537
489,3n3
425,102
361,847
573,706

26,481
14,565
13,190
7,691
19,120

444,950
639,751
652,927
562,150
565,646

107,719
192,022
180,033
193,714
212,705

1925_ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1924___ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ __
1923 _________________
1922____ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ ___
192L_ _ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

4,909,848
4,590,984
4,167,493
3,831,777
4,485,031

92,365
130,535
116,713
107,088
101,279

3,060,908
4,399,361
4,091,444
4,184,742
4,430,888

414,355
514,370
499,959
484,499
485,503

347,356
467,159
460,743
500,959
526,067

658,640
633,876
660,507
583,451
600,434

433,518
639,758
569,410
. 518,275
567,979

479,714
456,165
425,661
332,203
529,146

911 ,268
1,333,661
1,248,825
1,264,810
1,277,501

402,606
314,252
269,318
226,075
273,325

2,604,460
2,446,089
2,093,415
2,083,357
2,363,899

854,073
1,279,248
1,168,852
1,268,413
1,409,063

32,791
56,557
53,450
54,531
68,355

485,882
513,803
511,498
448,970
532,615

67,547
108,608
90,207
93,251i
96,420

1920 _________________
1919__ _ _ _ ___ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _
1918_ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ __
1917 _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
1916 _________________

8,228,016
7,920,426
6,149,088
6,233,513
5,482,641

189,489
156,505
146,423
101,945
112,766

521,742
593,108
583,169
455,930
417,217

984,818
749,950
900,248
839,305
613,416

944,345
545,842
425,238
422,398
311,137

518,797 1,238,513 1,318,794


466,074 1,096,111
930,685
467,421 1,157,056 1,019,811
358,763
991,203
826,886
295,623
764,942
617,862

623,917 4,466,091
441,748 5,187,666
302,710 3,858,698
311,893 4,061,729
220,2673,813,278

77,808
48,945
59,200
48,517
35,499

871,579
771,717
498,477
469,402
387,735

92,144
72 ,99~!
87,06Jl
64,924
40,37a

171,605
125,585
104,519
77,402
82,797

1915 2____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____


1914______ __ _ __ _ _____
1913______ ______ __ _ __
1912__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____
191L_ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _

2,768,589
2,364,579
2,465,884
2,204,322
2,049,320

614,618 1,048,045
500,165
657,609
457,660
516,955
419,124
452,858
240,161
418,277

306,112
350,563
420,404
333,900
274,478

170,964
178,082
197,009
182,938
182,582

76'99911,227'84311'396'677
687,525
750,528 1,107,733
610,931
318,121
939,301
598,819
551,145
820,624
427,610
633,317
550,866

99,324
124,540
146,148
132,310
108,895

1,971,435
1,486,499
1,479,075
1,341,733
1,308,276

80,014
88,616
102,737
36,835
59,511

139,226
140,730
140,441
141,198
105,146

150,285
112,188
85,50(;
73,064
61,898

1910 _________________
1909__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____
1908_ - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _
1907 - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _
1906 _________________

1,744,985
1,663,011
1,860,773
1,880 ,851
1,743,865

53,009
56,264
53,718
48,200
46,338

28,5201;674,170
27,902 1,893,926
29,089 1,813,008
24,0431,653,265
23,607 1,527,226

161,055
162,046
121,764
110,145
102,264

312,025
265,353
240,179
223,927
203,233

220,104
167,423
170,669
186,176
159,806

261,490
222,677
217,735
215,089
182,624

165,416
142,054
154,005
163,664
148,577

614,355
895,603
892,866
819,585
768,168

271,790
305,115
297,505
248,725
230,850

93,247
76,562
83,584
82,157
75,.160

1,135,915
1,146,755
1,283,600
1,298,452
1,200,166

28,502
23,982
16,533
13,207
12,874

77,694
82,982
113,247
101,365
110,911

24,958
19,14H
26,42ti
22,58H
27,2U

1905 ________________ _
190L _______________ _
1903 ________________ _
1902 ________________ _
190L _______________ _

34,057
30,200_
35,327
32,525
29,682

18,551
17,035
20,341
16,511
19,562

1,556,947
1,311,920
1,194,342
1,434,421
1,226,562

96,371
80,467
76,301
74,813
69,603

1,518,562
1,460,827
1,420,142
1,381,719
1,487,765

210,397
173,533
162,515
188,763
165,750

143,030
133,960
125,967
111,877
107,967

196,165
163,879
124,999
160,166
140,423

117,540
100,950
89,515
92,094
88,567

806,270
654,323
608,014
747,291
633,292

210,473
206,982
191,332
223,986
192,434

56,894 1,020,973
50,755 1,0fi7,930
41,1381,02Q,257
38,044 1,008,034
44,400 1,136,505

19,782
17.,628
14,891
18,275
12,432

134,705
64,984
62,398
69,203
53,418

17,49(:
15, 10~1
16,29]
21,127
12 ,62~1

26,879
28,018
33,430
29,000
31,365

18 ,541
24,230
38,437
33 ,469
25,543

1 ,117,513
991,087
1,025,719
903 ,321
823,172

63,657
52,701
55,6ti9
48,846
42,935

1,394,483
1,227,023
1,231,482
1,050,994
882,607

163,572
146,078
134,067
102,230
102,223

97,517
89,765
85,095
66,196
61,231

150,796
120,364
107,428
119,786
110,367

90,078
68,167
54,533
58,762
55,336

540,773
498,697
547,227
475,162
429,620

174,641
155,576
159,075
136,295
122,099

38,946 1,040,168
35,660
936,602
33,822
973,806
33,769
813,386
36,298
673,044

12,731
8,244
9,671
7,554
6,974

67,554
48,764
44,836
39,370
25,792

11,3441
9,427
12 ,58~!
13,448
8,954l

40,751
29,471
21,875
22,558
17,035

19,470
18,594
17 ,516
16,953
13,871

849,941
697,148
616,050
764,730
779,725

39,999
31,690
32,404
40,863
41,376

1895 __ -- __ -- _------ __
807,538
1894_________________
892,141
1893_________________
847,665
1892_________________ 1,030,278
189L________________
884,481

90,037
80,460
58,973
65,061
85,501

54,152
58,470
48,826
45,260
;l9,844

93,667
86,588
92,092
107,389
108,828

54,424
61,223
70,963
60,306
56,705

440,567
353,885
305,934
430,192
418,639

33,526
33,212
32,639
33,148
33,708

145,814
111,501
96,425
91,678
94,575

28,640
22,588
23,029
20,017
19,632

18,134
21,668
17,017
20,368
26,170

l1,21B
10,43{;
7,194l
9,530
11,178

12,997
11,772
11,046
15,512
18,497

6,378
4,924
5,196
5,061
4,758

731,970
654,995
866,401
827,402
844,916

37,191
31,444
38,254
35,335
39,450

96,724
135,519
145,479
138,719
123,776

112,167
100,147
102,208
150,728
118,737

383,646
295,078
458,450
391,628
459,305

83,813
74,878
99,316
88,850
78,987

12,720
14,450
16,838
16,824
20,454

3,479
5,857
5,318
4,207

1900 ________________ _
1899 ________________ _
1898 ________________ _
1897 ________________ _
1896 ________________ _

See footnotes on next page.

627,928
700,871
661,977
850,623
704,798

160,609 2,625,379
115,023 2,318,081
118,350 1,960,428
152,1583,083,668
114,202 2,422,592

89,057 4,226,589
70,2943,609,963
60,671 3,792,066
55,7763,112,747
72,8472,509,148
'165,662
97,918
59,198
51,384
54,011

5,278,481
3,904,365
3,031,213
2,952,468
2,391,635

458,791
402,047
418,348
366,524
337,632

160,89!~

5,70~1

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Series M 87-102.-FOREIGN TRADE-VALUE OF MERCHANDISE EXPORTS , AND IMPORTS BY DESTINATION AND


ORIGIN: 1821 TO 1945-Con.
[ In thousands of dollars]
EXPORTS (INCLUDING R~EXPORTS)

To North America
YEAR 1

Total
87

Northern

Southern

88

89

To South To Europe
America
90.

91

GEIDJRAL IMPORTS

From North America


To Asia

To Oceania To Africa

92

93

94

Northern

Southern

From
South
America

From
Europe

From
Asia

From
Oceania

From
Africa'

96

97

98

99

10.0.

10.1

10.2

Total
95

1890 _________________
1889 _________________
1888 _________________
1887 _________________
1886 _________________

857,829
742,401
695,955
716,183
679,525

41,967
42,528
37,637
36,475
35,184

52,133
47,023
42,359'
36,951
36,797

38,753
35,021
29,579
30,744
26,132

683,736
578,903
549,093
575,300
541,373

20,279
19,371
19,584
20,116
22,594

16,346
16,060
14,580
13,720
14,644

4,'614
3,497
3,123
2,877
2,801

789,310
745,132
723,957
692,320
635,436

39,434
43,039
43,116
38,087
37,505

108,934
107,826
96,703
92,704
87,927

90,006
92,135 ;
84,356
79,764
65,875

449,987
403,421
407,052
390,728
357,538

80,863
75,846
73,213
72 ,875
69,398

16,764
19,253
16,205
14,604
13,964

3,321
3,610
3,312
3,557
3,228

1885 _________________
1884 _____ ___________
1883 _________________
1882 _________________

742,190
740,514
823,839
750,542

40,539
46,861
47,032
38,905

36,225
45,356
52,396
46,888

27,735
31,227
29,571
27,225

599,241
583,795
659,867
600,100

21,444
17,371
16,785
18,774

13,818
13,347
14,011
12,875

3,187
2,555
4,177
5,775

577,527
667,698
723,181
724,640

36,979
39,016
44,758
51,132

80,471
97,305
102,139
105,491

65,290
75,754
76,737
81,292

318,733
370,957
409,713
397,581

60,854
67,844
72,752
72,790

12,069
12,708
12,550
11,501

3,131
4,114
4,531
4,846

1876-1880 3 ___________
1871-1875 3 __ -- _____ --

676,761
501,841

33,714
32,034

36,303
36,188

22,087
20,235

562,202
402,268

11,236
5,029

7,437
3,969

3,782
2,117

492,570
577,873

27,600
33,840

86,646
96,124

68,185
63,357

247,520
321,067

55,635
55,794

4,619
3,955

2,365
3,736

1870 _________________
1865 _________________
1860 _________________
1850 _________________

392,772
166,029
333,576
144,376

21,703
16,618
22,883
9,519

31,100
34,003
29,273
14,284

15,188
12,026
15,706
7,730

313,315
95,744
249,425
108,638

5,773
2,350
8,100
3,028

3,873
4,016
4,962
190

1,820
1,:273
3,'227
987

435,958
238,746
353,616
173,509

36,265
35,007
23,730
5,180

74,435
46,663
44,180
16,116

42,964
23,221
34,929
16,038

240,187
115,002
216,661
123,115

37,773
14,449
29,239
12,434

1,612
1,124
1,170
9

2,722
3,279
3,706
618

1840 _________________
1830 _________________
182L ________________

123,669
71,671
54,496

6,090
2,802
2,392

17,241
14,723
11 ,965

5,714
4,586
2,208

92,039
47,393
35,575

1,560
1,906
1,977

0
27
71

696
:234
a09

98,259
62,721
54,521

1,228
398
402

15,421
10,793
11 ,816

8,606
4,919
1,570

10,686
6,241
5,324

152
18
34

445
234
375

--

-----

------

1 Fiscal years ending Sept. 30, 1821-1840; June 30,1850-1915; calendar years thereafter beginning in
1916.
,2 Figures (in thousands of dollars) for 6-month period July 1, 1915-Dec. 31,1915, areas follows: Series
M 87, 1,852,863; series M 88, 203,475; series M 89, 119,952; series M 90, 83,555; series M 91, 1,291,914;

----

I
-

..

__ ... _ -

61,721 \
40,117
35,000

---

series M 92,94,712; seriesM 93,38,254; series M 94,21,000; series M 95, 912,787; series M 96, 107,626;
series M 97, 1~0,821; series M 98, 166,239; series M 99, 271,684; series M 100, 191,667; series M 101,
18,021; and serles M 102, 16,730.
3 Annual averages.

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BALANCE OF PAYMENTS AND FOREIGN TRADE

Data: M 103-112

Series M I03-112.-FOREIGN TRADE-VALUE OF MERCHANDISE EXPORTS AND IMPORTS,


BY GROUPS OF CUSTOMS DISTRICTS: 1860 TO 1945
[In thousands of dollars. Exports include reexports. See headnote for series M 42-55, p. 243 ]

ATLANTIC COAST

Exports

Imports

Exports

Exports

Imports

103

104

1945 ______ - - - --- -----1944 __ - - - - - - - - -- - - -- -1943 ____ - - - - - - - - - - - - -1942 ___ - - -- -- - - - - -- --1941 __ -- - - - - - - -- - - - ---

5,736,657
9,254,685
7,743,919
4,999,419
3,246,130

2,264,412
1,902,683
1,692,350
1,463,674
2,161,296

1,150,375
1,078,784
1,067,554
707,658
364,016

449,343
474,848
395,278
359,754
226,794

257,311
240,483
185,120
131,003
90,883

1940_ - - - - -- - - - ----- --1939 __ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~


1938_ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1937 _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1936 ____ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

2,373,976
1,640,361
1,531,693
1,679,976
1,201,818

1,738,104
1,600,82i
1,370,625
2,115,960
1,680,548

521,650
575,505
627,496
661,715
546,212

163,145
156,523
159,814
214,188
162,650

1935 ____ - - - -- ---- ----1934 __ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1933 __ - - - - - - -- - - - - - --1932 __ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1931~ -- - - - - - - -- - - - - - --

1,104,560
1,018,051
719,654
665,222
1,167,773

1,408,103
1,158,479
1,037,536
914,138
1,461,408

533,642
510,009
502,051
467,085
502,108

1930 ____ - - - - ---------1929 _- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1928_ -- - --- -- --- -----1927 __ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1926 _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

1,800,794
2,424,262
2,290,374
2,297,143
2,308,548

2,041,245
2,931,456
2,677,130
2,774,503
2,953,131

1925 __ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1924_ -- - - - - - - -- -- - -- -1923 __ - - - - - - - -- - - --- -1922 __ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1921 __ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

2,403,680
2,245,602
2,0'70,261
1,938,344
2,378,557

1920_ - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1919 __ - - - - - - - - - -- - ---1918_ --- - - - - - - --- ----1917 _- - - - - - - - - '- - - - - - - 1916_ - -- - - - - - - - - - ----1915 2_________________
1914 ___ -- -- - -- -------1913_ - - - - - - - - - -- - -- --1912 __ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1911_ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

YEAR 1

105

PACIFIC COAST

MEXICAN BORDER

GULF COAST

106

NORTHERN BORDER

Imports

Imports

Exports

Imports

Exports

108

109

110

111

112

107

117,480
116,554
119,736
63,940
30,519

1,304,714
1,819,113
2,376,515
784,749
376,473

234,157
267,166
250,028
242,509
307,958

1,212,622
1,615,120
1,537,805
1,431,162
1,032,023

941,952
1,025,741
889,091
600,006
459,070

51,258
85,726
79,656
101,732
55,563

12,898
12,918
10,438
10,762
8,129

362,621
390,037
387,101
403,931
275,383

252,020
179,157
150,761
232,313
191,788

693,748
469,625
453,115
482,832
360,391

345,692
301,069
236,939
404,070
349,923

152,988
113,365
100,761
93,621
139,074

57,004
47,783
41,852
32,794
47,959

11,238
6,359
4,031
7,827
13,857

280,079
259,414
197,666
203,026
303,038

170,219
122,805
121,083
130,018
194,948

307,586
297,532
209,653
233,689
389,335

273,475
216,964
176,740
168,175
264,791

822,412
1,140,328
1,227,757
1,100,918
1,120,944

197,706
283,941
284,576
285,373
325,614

101,953
115,663
95,464
77,120
72,831

26,087
39,595
30,394
27,623
,26,317

449,260
595,015
561,007
506,125
518,888

343,446
523,543
504,695
510,569
546,102

648,128
939,071
924,741
856,284
759,473

427,172
585,417
564,119
555,002
548,493

2,839,389
2,357,723
2,534,277
2,024,214
1,726,488

1,295,444
1,164,452
991,864
914,466
1,076,736

300,038
281,881
237,570
188,420
158,231

75,759
73,253
59,564
57,012
103,543

23,673
20,343
20,155
11,300
10,113

427,475
447,311
371,572
312,357
311 ,605

526,969
477,302
480,679
430,152
190,308

681,437
638,946
674,231
609,598
614,591

507,373
441,717
486,843
440,266
408,411

4,904,606
5,211,140
3,758,942
4,287,541
3,826,421

3 ,80! ,648
2,629,614
1,829,544
1,798,340
1,654,404

1,683,476
1,235,148
776,176
663,341
624,381

339,513
220,298
156,390
144,479
114,298

84,220
58,021
47,556
48,420
23,501

38,345
35,195
52,414
46,144
42,970

511 ,233
599,000
538,987
390,024
337,920

391,488
463,137
568,563
539,336
294,973

1,044,482
817,116
1,027,428
844,186
670,418

665,766
529,496
403,811
404,062
268,982

1,739,159
1,304,109
1,348,811
1,262,679
1,166,469

1,212,656
1,374,621
1,375,850
1,268,101
1,163,540

508,435
566,388
543,077
463,974
487,929

102,388
120,372
103,612
92,245
82,148

14,801
16,630
24,903
27,194
30,397

20,801
32,803
27,060
22,512
20,364

173,686
136,243
146,856
127,542
94,261

158,858
138,151
128,895
111,488
102,703

332,020
841,183
401,998
322,371
269,890

164,897
205,273
153,613
137,882
137,724

1910 __ -- - - - - - -- -- - ---1909 __ - - - - - - -- --- --- -1908- - - -- - - - -- ----- --1907 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1906 ___ - - - - - - - --- -----

1,018,144
976,963
1,155,761
1,079,770
1,061,778

1,227,155
1,018,847
907,185
1,133,032
974,563

399,100
409,631
396,552
469,273
368,723

68,705
59,566
59,341
62,908
53,984

29,106
27,136
33,101
41,101
34,925

22,911
16,178
10,869
18,001
16,945

73,189
69,949
94,207
92,030
101,770

88,657
85,962
81,982
91,140
66,324

225,398
179,329
181,147
198,674
176,665

129,123
112,690
14,874
109,172
97,928

1905_ - - - - - - - ----- - ---1904_ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1903 _- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~1902_ - - -- - - - - - - - - - -- -1901 __ - - - - - - - - - - - --- --

917,350
897,106
904,172
895,445
1,002,841

888,239
779,237
821,252
724,371
670,622

319,544
334,795
285,021
263,079
285,465

48,210
43,924
38,378
31,077
26,670

26,245
29,261
25,936
24,231
21,147

14,981
12,450
13,377
13,704
10,142

103,122
65,723
79,253
87,515
69,534

62,257
57,499
56,475
54,301
48,208

152,300
133,942
125,759
111,441
107,939

90,030
88,744
82,054
67,756
57,120

1900 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1899 _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1898_ - - - -'- - - - - - - - -- --1897 _- - - - - - - - - -- - -- - -1896 _- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

963,569
870,755
862,325
733,205
635,842

693,113
576,163
502,146
639,407
645,204

234,108
194,390
201,848
181,269
131,320

23,693
17,483
13,063
19,991
17,548

22,320
15,820
12,135
13,999
10,984

5,378
4,632
5,065
4,135
3,687

70,175
56,204
74,183
58,925
44,071

58,916
45,873
50,264
43,906
49,174

104,267
89,404
80,981
63,596
60,390

59,948
45,588
89,478
50,066
56.153

1895_ -- -- - - - - - - -- - - - -1894_ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1893 ___ - - - - - - - -- - - - --1892 _______ c - - - - - - - - - 1891 ___ - - - - - ----------

590,393
670,266
624,278
753,107
637,454

613,737
537,644
717,360
689,458
697,965

122,138
126,788
125,592
174,686
151,941

16,709
20,681
24,682
21,750
23,214

8,955
7,345
12,152
6,993
7,541

2,435
8,229
13,826
12,501
11 ,106

36,061
34,599
42,230
55,826
52,583

40,290
41,241
48,315
49,988
53,581

49,991
53,143
43,413
39,666
34,962

51,'017
41,693
52,923
46,010
49,584

1890 __ - - - - - -'- - - -- - - - -1889 _- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1888 __ - - - - - - - - - -- - - --1887_ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1886 ____ - - - - - ------ ---

628,865
548,011
522,696
538 ;943
505,362

653,535
609,888
595,776
578,040
533,642

141,120
107,600
104,674
104,229
105,431

17,821
17,289
13,865
11 ,963
10,082

5,608
4,401
3,443
2,654
2,095

9,353
8,182
5,712
5,089
3,730

45,361
48,847
36,314
41,414
39,824

50,993
51,171
49,187
42,223
38,704

36,875
33,543
28,828
28,943
26,813

49,540
51,066
51,268
46,793
43,909

1885_ - --.-- -- - - -------1884_ - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - -1883 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1882 _c __ - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1881. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

563,743
542',780
597,388
556,823
687,024

481,845
583,397
625,154
620,456
552,950

97,798
110,109
131,026
94,094
140,566

10,820
12,948
12,279
16,381
16,744

2,625
4,642
5,436
4,733
3,722

2,422
1,915
1,939
2,209
2,513

47,923
46,395
53,497
65,360
40,536

35,986
37,184
46,881
42,462
38,913

30,101
36,589
36,492
29,533
30,530

41,845
32,254
36,927
43,133
31,546

1880_ - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - -1879 _- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1878 _- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1877 _- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1876 _- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

651,413
559,608
540,415
478,753
437,197

589,624
385,009
373,748
387,948
390,690

117,649
89,868
110,420
101,283
118,039

12,658
8,858
13,918
12,030
14,686

3,625
3,069
3,392
2,920
2,566

2,273
1,526
1,585
1,454
1,698

38,888
36,958
28,752
34,715
28,016

35,672
29,569
27,234
30,276
28,877

24,063
22,134
26,927
28,114
28,902

27,728
20,817
20,566
19,614
24,790

1875 __ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1874 __ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1873 _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1872 ____ - -- - ---------1871_ - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - --

420,976
462,644
403,674
343,662
323,471

467,838
492,702
551,249
544,332
453,717

100,039
126,443
137,201
118,536
131,171

15,403
17,332
23,890
22,361
21,507

2,558
2,446
2,905
2,338
3,348

1,664
1,485
1,474
1,327
1,249

27,318
28,363
26,722
11 ,391
14,111

25,189
27,292
33,402
27,866
16,448

22,505
30,293
22,171
16,184
20,435

22,912
28,595
82,122
30,708
27,302

293,440
257,459
160,216

370,614
193,741
304,577

146,020
3,622
153,680

16,506
1,476
22,303

959

1870 _- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1865_ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1860 __ -_ - - - - - - - - - - - ---

14,647
10,905
4,981

16,241
15,948
7,372

15,043
16,228
13,688

31,639
27,580
18,836

1 Fiscal years ending June 30, 1860-1915; calendar years thereafter beginning
in 1916.
2 Figures (in thousands of dollars) for 6-month period July 1, 1915-Dec. 31,1915,

252

2,213
-------~----

1,012

-- -

- - - - -528
- - .. -

are as follows: Series M 108, 1,303,840; series M 104,638,241; series M 105,223,556;


series M 106,44,396; series M 107, 9,766; series M 108, 13,024; series M 109,97,319;
series MIlO, 105,067; series M 111 ,218,381; and series M 112,105,395.

Chapter N. Banking and Finance (Series N 1-232)


Banking Statistics: Series N 1-147

Comptroller of Currency contained many historical tables. For


historical data see also Publications of the National Monetary Commission, vol. 7; for a statement concerning the inadequacy of the
historical data for "all banks" see appendix A, pp. 243-60, of that
volume.
Mter the Federal Reserve System was established in 1914, State
bank members of the Federal Reserve System began to submit to
the Federal Reserve banks their statements of condition at the
same time and in substantially the same form. as national banks.
The data from these statements have been consolidated by the
Federal Reserve Board with data for national banks collected by
the Comptroller of the Currency into totals for all member banks
of the Federal Reserve System, and are published in detail by the
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System in the Member
Bank Call Report (usually three times a year) and in summary
form in the monthly Federal Reserve Bulletin.
The data shown here were compiled principally from the two
basic sources in this field: Annual Report of the Comptroller of the
Currency,. and Banking and Monetary Statistics, a one-volume
statistical summary published in 1943, by the Board of Governors
of the Federal Reserve System. Data shown prior to 1914 are
almost wholly dependent on the reports of the Comptroller of Currency, since the Banking and Monetary Statistics generally covers
only the period beginning with 1914. Subsidiary documents also
used have already been referred to above, namely, the Member
Bartk Call Report and the Federal Reserve Bulletin. For more detailed information concerning the data shown here, the user will be
well advised to consult the aforementioned publications.
Bank defined. "For general statistical purposes it may be said
that a bank is a financial institution which accepts money from'
the general public for deposit in a common fund, subject to withdrawal or to transfer by check on demand or on short notice, and
makes loans to the general public. This definition comprehends
national banks (which are chartered by the Federal Government),
banks organized under State laws (including commercial banks,
trust companies, mutual and stock savings banks, industrial banks,
and cash depositories), and unincorporated banks (private banks
and bankers). It excludes building and savings and loan associations, personal loan and other small-loan companies, credit unions,
mortgage companies, sales finance companies, insurance companies,
and credit agencies owned in whole or in part by the Federal
Goyernment"-Banking and Monetary Statistics, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 1943, p. 6.

N 1-147. General note. "There are four principal events which


may conveniently be taken as dividing American banking history
into periods. The first was establishment in 1782 of the Bank of
North America, the first bank in the United States. This occurred
at the end of the Revolutionary War and a few years before the
formation of a Federal Government under the Constitution.
"The second event was adoption in New York State of the Free
Banking Act of 1838, a statute which profoundly influenced subsequent American banking practice, banking supervision, and the
banking structure as a whole. Close to this event in time were the
discontinuance in 1836 of the Bank of the United States as a
Federal institution, the panic of 1837,the original establishment
of the Independent Treasury System in 1840, and enactment of the
Louisiana Banking Law of 1842.
"The third event was establishment of the national banking
system in 1863. This coincided roughly with discontinuance oinote
issue by State banks, the shift from bank notes to bank deposits;
the War between the States, and the beginning of a new phase of
industrial and westward territorial expansion.
"The fourth event was establishment of the Federal Reserve
System in 1913. The System's operations began in 1914, the year.
war broke out in Europe. The period from then to the present,
1940, has been crowded with developments whose course has not
yet been concluded and whose significance cannot yet be appraised" -from "Historical Introduction" by Bray Hammond in
Banking Studies, authored by Members of the Staff, Board of
Governors of the Federal ~eserve System, 1941.
Collection of banking and monetary statistics in the United
States has been c;onditioned by the development of our banking
and monetary system. Banks in this country have been in part
under the jurisdiction of State governments, in part under the Federal Government and in part outside the jurisdiction of both governments. As a result, the collection of statistics for all classes of
banks has never been completely centralized in one agency.National banks organized under the Federal law enacted in 1863 are
supervised by the Comptroller of the Currency, and State-chartered banks are supervised by officials of the respective States.
Another supervisory entity, the Federal Reserve System, was
established in 1914 to exercise central banking functions, some of
which are shared with the United States Treasury. The Reserve
System includes all national banks and, in addition, such State
banks as voluntarily join the System.
PRINCIPAL ASSETS AND LIABILITIES OF BANKS (N 1-59)
Prior to the National Banking Act of 1863, the only official colAssets
and liabilities are defined here in their usual accounting
lection of figures for the entire country was made by the Treasury
Department under authority of a resolution of the House of meaning. Assets are the resources of banks such as loans, investRepresentatives passed in 1832. From 1832 to 1863, with the ex- ments, reserves, cash and balances with other banks; liabilities
ception of some years, the Secretary of the Treasury included in are the charges against these resources. Principal liabilities are
his reports to Congress information regarding the number of State demand and time deposits and capital accounts. Capital accounts
banks. From 1863 to 1873 statistics of national banks only were include (1) the funds originally paid in by the banks' owners, for
published-in the Annual Report of the Com.ptroller of Currency. which they ordinarily receive stock certificates, (2) surplus, which
Since 1864, the Comptroller of Currency, who has charge of the generally consists of that part of earnings specifically set aside as
supervision of national banks, has collected condition reports a permanent part of the capital structure t and (3) undivided
from three to six times annually and has tabulated and published profits, which consist of profits not yet declared as dividends or
summaries of these reports, showing the principal assets and liabil- alternatively not yet put into surplUS.
N 1-12. Second Bank of the United States, 1817-1840. SOURCE:
ities, that is, total loans, United States Government securities,
Annual Report of Comptroller of Currency, 1876, p. !xxxiii. Series
other securities, reserves, bankers' balances; interbank deposits,
other demand deposits, and time deposits. National bank data are N 5 (due from State and foreign banks) is a combination of two
published in detail in Abstract of Reports of Condition National Banks series shown separately in the original source: "Due by European
bankers" and "due from State banks"; the same type of combina(usually 3 times a year). Until recently, the Annual Report of the
253

Text: N 1-44

BANKING AND FINANCE

N 22. United States Government and other securities, 1834nation was made to obtain data for series N 11 (due to State and
foreign banks).
1945. SOURCE: See text for series N 19-26. Includes securities
The Second Bank was chartered by Congress in 1816 for 20 borrowed, for national banks prior to 1903, and for other banks
years. The renewal of the charter was denied and reorganization prior to 1929. For national banks for years 1863, 1864, and 1865,
was effected by means of the authority of the Legislature of the excludes securities other than United States Government's which,
State of Pennsylvania. The bank failed (assigned) in 1841, the in the source, are included in "other assets." United States Govaffairs being finally liquidated in 1856, and resulted in payment ernment securities are direct or indirect obligations of the United
in full, interest and principal, of liabilities to depositors and note- States Government. Other securities include primarily obligations
holders. The shareholders, however, received nothing on their in- of State and municipal governments, foreign governments, and
vestment in stock of the bank. See headnote, table 94, p. 912,
corporations.
Annual Report of the Comptroller of Currency, 1916, vol. II. That
N 23. Cash and balances with other banks, 1834-1945. SOURCE:
volume also, on p. 912, shows resources and liabilities of the first See text for series N 19-26. These data include reserve balances
Bank of the United States in 1809 and 1811, the only 2 years for which banks are required to maintain with other banks including
which data appear to be available.
the Federal Reserve Banks; cash items, such as checki,~, drafts,
N 13-18. Colonial and State banks, 1774-1833. SOURCE: Annual notes or acceptances, in process of collection; and cash in vault.
Report of Comptroller of Currency, 1920, vol. 2, table 93, p. 846. Prior to 1936 cash items not in process of collection are included.
Data are delived from figures shown in the Annual Report of the
N 24. Capital, surplus, and net undivided profits, 1834-1945.
Comptroller of Currency, 1876, p. xxxix, ff., and from Sound Cur- SOURCE: See text for series N 19-26. Includes reserve accounts
rency Committee of the Reform Club, Sound Currency, vol. II, except that reserves for expenses accrued and unpaid are excluded
No. 13, New York City, June 1895. The 1876 report includes a for national banks beginning with 1920 and for other banks bediscussion of these data.
ginning with 1929. For banks other than national, prior to 1873,
N 19-26. All banks, principal assets and liabilities, 1834-1945. figures include capital only, and beginning in 1984 capital notes
SOURCE: Annual Reports of the Comptroller of the Currency as fol- and debentures are included. Reserve accounts are liability accounts
lows: For data for 1834-1919, see Annual Report for 1931, tables established to provide for such possibilities as depreciation, bad
94-96, pp. 1018-25; for 1920':"'1935, see Annual Report for 1941, debts, depletion, market value depreciation of securities owned
tables 69-71, pp. 298-300; for 1936-1945, see Annual Report for and probable losses. Capital, surplus, and net undivided profits
1945, tables 39-41, pp. 158~160. The figures for 1834-1840 are represent the equity of the owners in the bank. Capital is here
from Executive Document No. 111, Twenty-sixth Congress,sec- used to designate primarily the original contribution of bank
ond session. Those for 1841-1850 are from Executive Document owners to the bank and is ordinarily evidenced by bank stock
No. 68, Thirty-first Congress, first session. For the years 1851-"- certificates. Surplus is ordinarily the amount of bank earning!')
1863 (except 1852-1853) figures are from the report on the condi- specifically set aside as capital funds. Net undivided profits are
tion of banks for 1863. Those for 1853 are from Executive Docu- earnings not yet set aside for dividend or allocated to surplus.
ment No. 66, Thirty-second Congress, second session, and are
N 25. Circulation, 1834-1945. SOURCE: See text for series N 19incomplete. See Annual Report, 1920, vol. 2, footnote, p. 847.
26. Figures for national" banks, and for all banks for the period
The historical tables in the 1931 Annual Report of the Comptroller 1870-1910, exclude comparatively small amounts of State bank
of the Currency, pp. 1018-1025, provide summary statistics by notes outstanding for which national banks, converted from State
single years, 1834-1931, for (a) all reporting banks, (b) national banks or merged with State banks, assumed liability. For a series
banks (1863-1931), and (c) all reporting State and private banks on estimated total of all State bank notes outstanding, 1800-1830
(that is, nomiational banks). See also the Annual Report for 1876, (decennially) and 1831-1863 (annually), see Annual Report of the
1895, and 1920, in particular, for historical tables on banking Comptroller of Currency, 1916, vol. II, table 28, p. 45.
statistics.
N26. Total deposits, 1834-1945. SOURCE: See note for series
The figures shown here include data for all national banks, for
N 19-26. Figures for national banks for years 1868-1865 include
all State banks that report to State banking departments in the
State bank circulation outstanding; and for years 1866-1868, inUnited States and possessions, and for mutual and stock savings
clude bills payable and rediscounts.
banks, loan and trust companies, and private banks so far as
N 27-34. National banks, principal assets and liabilities, 1863reported. Data for banks other than national for the earlier years
are reported for dates other than June 30 and are incomplete, 1945. SOURCE: See text for series N 19-26. See also general note
especially through 1885; many of the items shown for those earlier for series N 1-147 for origin of national banks. National banks
years have been estimated. In the years 1933 and 1934 only li- are those chartered by and under the general supervision of the
Comptroller of the Currency of the United States.
censed banks, that is, those operating on an unrestricted basis,
N 35-42. N onnationaI banks, principal assets and liabilities,
are included.
N 19-20. AU banks, number, and total assets or liabilities, 1860-1945. SOURCE: See text for series N 19-26. Includes data for
1834-1945. SOURCE: See text for series N 19-26. These data do State commercial banks, mutual and stock savings banks, private
not correspond exactly to a somewhat similar compilation in the banks, and loan and trust companies. Prior to 1863, nonnational
Federal Reserve System's Banking and Monetary Statistics, since banks comprised all banks (see general note for series N 1-147).
the Comptroller of the Currency figures include branches as
N 43-44. Savings banks, number, and total assets or liabilities,
separate banks.
1875-1945. SOURCE: Annual Reports of Comptroller of Currency.
N 21. Loans and discounts, including overdrafts, 1834-1945. Comprises both mutual and stock savings banks, 1875-1911;
SOURCE: See text for series N 19-26. Excludes acceptances of thereafter represents mutual savings banks only with a few exother banks and bills of exchange or drafts sold with endorsements ceptions. Stock savings banks, 1912-1945, are included with State
for national and State commercial banks beginning with 1920 and commercial banks. See text for series N 19-26. For principal assets
for other banks beginning with 1929. Loans, discounts, and over- and liabilities of savings banks comparable in detail with those
drafts are three types of bank lending. Such lending is referred shown in series N 19-26 for all banks, see individual Annual Reto as a loan when the borrower receives the entire principal and ports. Savings banks differ from commercial banks in that they
at maturity repays the principal plus interest; as a discount when accept only savings and other time deposits and they invest their
the borrower receives the principal less the interest and at matur- funds mostly in mortgage loans and securities. Mutual savings
ity repays the principal; as an overdraft when a bank honors a banks are owned by their depositors; stock savings banks by stockcheck written in excess of the depositor's balance.
holders of the bank. The great majority of stock savings banks
254

BANKING STATISTICS
accept both demand and time deposits and transact the same
kinds of business as do coinmercial banks. Hence, in recent years
they have been classified with commercial banks.
N 45-46. State commercial banks, number, and total assets or
liabilities; 1875-1945. SOURCE: Annual Reports of Comptroller of
Currency. Also see sources and comments for series N 19-26 (all
banks). For the period 1863-1874, the data available are the same
as for nonnational banks, series N 35-42. These statistics for State
commercial banks include loan and trust companies and, beginning with 1912, stock savings banks. Principal assets-and liabilities
for these banks comparable in detail with those shown for all
banks (series N 19-26), are available in the source volumes. State
commercial banks are those chartered by and under the general
supervision of the States in which they operate.
N 47-48. Private banks, number,and total assets or liabilities,
1887-1945. SOURCE: Annual Reports of the Comptroller of the Currency. Except for 1934 and 1935, these statistics cover only banks
under State supervision and those voluntarily reporting; for 1934
and 1:935, they include also private banks which suhmitted reports
to the Comptroller of the Currency under provisions of the Banking Act of 1933. See comments regarding all banks (N 19-26).
Principal assets and liabilities for private banks comparable in
detail with those shown for all banks (series N 19-26) are available in the source volumes. Private banks are unincorporated
banks that operate ordinarily without a charter either from the
State or Federal Government. Since 1933 such banks in order to
receive deposits have had to submit to examination by either State
or Federal banking authorities.
N 49-55. All member banks of the Federal Reserve System,
principal assets and liabilities, 1915-1945. SOURCE: Board of
Governors of the Federal Reserve System. For 1915-1941, see
Banking and Monetary Statistics, 1943, table 18, pp. 72-75; for
1942-1945, see Member Bank Call Report, No. 100, June 30, 1945,
page 2. For a detailed description of the present composition of
the items and of historical changes in the composition of these
items, see Banking and Monetary Statistics, pp. 61-71, and footnotes, pp. 74-75. For member bank data on earnings and expenses,
see series N 68-75.
Statistics shown here cover member banks in active operation.
Member banks comprise all national banks in continental United
States, which are required by law to be members of the Federal
Reserve System, and such State banks and trust companies as
have applied for and been admitted to membership.
Most of the items shown here represent a combination of several items shown separately in the source: "Investments" (N 52)
is a combination of "United States Government obligations"
and "other securities." "Cash and balances with other banks"
(N 53) is a total of "reserves with Federal Reserve Banks," "cash
in vault," "balances with domestic banks," "balances with foreign
banks," and "cash items in process of collection." "Total deposits" (N 55) comprises "interbank," "United States Government,"
"postal savings," "other demand" and "other time" deposits.
"Capital accounts" (N 54) represents "common stock," "preferred
stock," "surplus," "undivided profits," and "reserves for contingencies." In addition the original sources include for some or all
of the years the following items: "Due from own foreign branches,".
"bank premises, furniture, and fixtures," "other real estate
owned," "investments and other assets indirectly representing
bank premises or other real estate," "customers' liability on acceptances," "securities borrowed," "income accrued but not yet
earned," "other assets," "due to own foreign branches," "bills
payable, rediscounts and other liabilities for borrowed money,"
"acceptances outstanding," "dividends declared but not yet payable," "income collected but not yet earned," "expenses accrued
and unpaid," "other liabilities," "net demand deposits subject to
reserve," "demand deposits adjusted," and "reciprocal bank
balances."

Text: N 43-75

N 56-59. Nonmember commercial banks, 1915-1945. (Commercial banks not members of the Federal Reserve System). SOUH.CE:
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. For data for
1914-1941, see Banking and Monetary Statistics, table 6, pp.
22-23; for 1942-1945, see Federal Reserve Bulletin, September
1944, p. 897, and June 1946, p. 633. For a more complete description of these series, see Banking and Monetary Statistics, pp. 8-10.
Nonmember commercial banks include all State banks except
banks that are members of the Federal Reserve System and
mutua.! savings banks. Figures exclude private banks not reporting to State banking authorities except that from 1928-1934 certain large private banks not reporting to State banking authorities are included. Banks in United States possessions are excluded.
The figures for some of the earlier years are rough approximations.
In the original sources the following investment items are shown
separately: "United States Government securities" and "other
securities." Also, the following deposit items are shown separately:
"Interbank" and "other." In recent years, "other deposits" has
been further classified as "demand" and "time."
EARNINGS AND EXPENSES OF BANKS (N

60-75)

N 60-75. General note. The earliest available bank earnings data


are those for national banks beginning in 1869. National banks
were required to make earnings reports whenever dividends were
declared for the years 1869-1871. From 1871 to 1916 earnings
reports had to be submitted at least semiannually whether diVidends were declared or not declared. From 1916 to present, earnings reports have been required for the periods ending in June and
December. The data required in these earnings reports has become
progressively more detailed and more comprehensive.
N 60-67. National banks, earnings and expenses, 1869-1945.
SOURCE: For 1869-1941, see Board of Governors of the Federal
Reserve System, Banking and Monetary Statistics, table 56, pp.
260-261; for 1942-1945, see Annual Reports of t~e Comptroller of
the Currency, as follows: Annual Report, 1943, tables 5 and 6, pp.
30-31, and Annual Report, 1945, tables 15 and 16, pp. 96-97. The
statistics include all national banks in the United States and possessions.
More detailed data than shown in these series are available for
part of the period in the Annual Report of the Comptroller of the
Currency. For example, earnings and expenses are available by
type; recoveries and profits and losses and charge-offs are shown
by character of asset. Beginning in 1943, income taxes are available separately from other taxes. Other earnings ratios are also
available for part of the period.
Series N 64 (net losses or net recoveries) is the excess of total
losses and cha~ge-offs (including depreciation) over total recoveries
and profits, or vice versa.
N 68-75. Member banks of the Federal Reserve System, earnings and expenses, 1919-1945. SOURCE: Board of Governors of
the Federal Reserve System. For 1919-1941, see Banking and
Monetary Statistics, tables 57 and 58, pp. 262-265; for 1942-1945,
see Federal Reserve Bulletin, June 1946, pp. 674 and 681. For a
definition of member banks, see text for series N 49-55.

Series N 72 (net losses or net recoveries) is the excess of total


losses and charge-offs over total recoveries and profits (shown
separately in the source volumes) or vice versa. Prior to 1927,
profits on securities are included in current earnings (N 71); beginning with 1927 they are shown separately (in the source volume) and are treated as an addition to net current earnings.
More detailed data than shown here are available in the sources
indicated. For example, earnings and expenses are available by
type; recoveries and profits and losses and charge-offs are shown
by character of asset. Beginning in 1942 income taxes are available
separately from other taxes. Other earnings ratios are also shown
in the original source volumes.

255

Text: N 76-114

BANKING AND FINANCE

BANK DEBITS, DEPOSIT TURNOVER, AND BANK CLEARINGS


(N 76-89)
N 76-85. General note. Bank deposits are the major portion of
the current means of payment. The extent to which such deposits
are used (deposit turnover) may be a significant measure of business activity in that period. These data must be used with care,
however. Increased business activity, for example, may result in
a proportionately greater increase in bank deposits than in bank
debits. In such a case, the rate of deposit turnover would be somewhat lower than the increase that might be expected or even. somewhat lower than that prevailing in a preceding or subsequent
period of less business activity.

N 71)-79. Bank debits to deposit accounts, except interbank


accounts, 1919-1945. SOURCE: Board of Governors of the Federal
Reserve System. For 1919-1941, see Banking and Monetary Statistics, table 51, pp. 234-237; for 1942-1945, see Federal Reserve
Bulletin, June 1946, p. 630. Data for individual reporting centers,
by months, from 1919-1941, are available in Banking and Monetary Statistics; for 1941 to date, they are available upon request
from the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. For
monthly data on New York City and "outside New York City,"
see appendix I, series App. 16-17.
Figures represent debits or charges on books of reporting member and nonmember banks to deposit accounts of individuals,
partnerships, and corporations, the United States Government,
and State, county, and municipal governments, including debits
to savings accounts, payments from trust accounts, and certificates
of deposit paid. Debits to accounts of other banks or in settlement
of clearinghouse balances, payment of certified and officers' checks,
charges to expense and other accounts, corrections and similar
charges are not included. For a more detailed description of the
data see Banking and Monetary Statistics, pp. 230-233.
N 80-85. Bank debits and deposit turnover, excluding interbank deposits and collection items, at all commercial banks, 19191945. SOURCE: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
For 1919-1941, see Banking and Monetary Statistics, table 55, p.
254. Data for 1942-1945 are from records of the Division of Research and Statistics, B0ard of Governors of the Federal Reserve
System. Data similar to those shown here are available in the
source volumes for member banks in New York City and 100 other
leading cities, as well as for all other commercial banks.
For a definition of debits, see text for series N 76-79. The rate
of turnover of deposits is obtained by dividing the volume of
debits during a period by the average amount of deposits over the
same period. Figures shown here are in part estimated; for a description of these series see Banking and Monetary Statistics, p. 232.
N 86-89. Bank clearings at principal cities, 1854-1945. SOURCES:
For 1854-1881, see Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency, 1920, vol. 2, table 97, p. 849; for 1882-1936 (except series
N 89), see Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1937, table 293,
p. 268; for 1937-1945, see Statistical Abstract, 1947, table 472, p.
444. For series N 89 for 1920-1936, see Statistical Abstract,~1938,
table 301, p. 275.
For 1882-1919, figures are for all cities reporting to New York
Clearing House Association and cover years ending September 30.
Beginning 1920 all figures are for calendar years. The Annual Report of the Comptroller of Currency, 1920, vol. 2, p. 849, gives for
New York the number of banks, capital, balances, average daily
clearings, and average daily balances, 1854-1920.
The comparability of these figures is affected by (1) changes in
the number of cities reporting and (2) the tendency toward consolidation of banks,; eliminating former clearings between two or
more banks. The source volume suggests that series N 76-79 are
better measures of volume of payment. For 1920-1936, series N 88
is for 146 identical cities.
256

BRANCH BANKING (N 90-98)


N 90-98. Branch banking, 1900-1945. SOUR'CE: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. For 1900-1941, see Banking
and Monetary Statistics, table 73, p. 297, for 1942-1945, see monthly issues of Federal Reserve Bulletin as follows: July 1943, pp. 687688; June 1944, pp. 612-613; June 1945, pp. 616-617; June 1946,
pp. 672-673. Detailed statistics on branch banking, by States and
by class of bank, for selected years, are available in the sources
indicated.
Branch banking is defined as a type of multiple office banking
under which a bank as a single legal entity operates more than
one banking office. If a bank operates a single branch office, irrespective of size, it is included here. Furthermore, the statistics on
branches shown here include all branches or additional offices
(except seasonal agencies) within the meaning of section 5155,
United States Revised Statutes, which defines branch as "any
branch bank, branch office, branch agency, additional office, or
any branch place of business * * * at which deposits are received, or checks paid, or money lent." Seasonal agencies operate
only for limited periods and under special authority; therefore,
they have not been included. For 1942-1945, figures also include
banking facilities at military reservations.
Branch banking is not to be confused with group and chain banking. Group and chain banking refers to types of multiple office
banking which differ from branch banking principally in legal form
and type of control~ For data on group and chain banking, see
sources cited above.

SAVINGS BANKS AND DEPOSITS (N 99-113)


N 99-106. Savings and other time deposits and depositors,
1910-1942. SOURCE: Statistical Abstract of United States, 1946,
table 423, p. 404. These data were furnished by the American
Bankers Association, which did not continue this series after 1942.
Savings and other time deposits include deposits evidenced by
savings passbooks, time certificates of deposit payable in 30' days
or overtime deposits, open accQunt, postal savings redeposited in
banks, and for some States, Christmas savings and similar accounts.
"State, etc., banks" (series N 101) includes commercial, stock
savings, and private banks and trust companies. Data shown for
some of the years for these banks are incomplete for some States
or have been estimated for others. Figures for these banks exclude
6 States in 1926 and 1927, 4 in 1928 to 1930, 3 in 1931, 2 in 1932
and 1933, and 1 in 1934 to 1937. For the period 1929-1942 depositors at national banks are represented by the number of savings
passbook accounts.
N 107-108. Savings banks, number of depositors and amount
of deposits, 1820-1910. SOURCES: For 1820-1896, see Annual Report of Comptroller of Currency, 1896, vol. I, table XVII, p. 720;
for 1897-1910, see Statistical Abstract of United States, 1946, table
422, p. 404.
Prior to 1900, data include both mutual and stock savings banks;
beginning 1900 they are for mutual savings banks only, which in
that year had about 90 percent of the savings deposits in all savings banks. Data for later years are for June 30 or about June 30.
In earlier years reports were of various dates.
N 109-113. Postal Savings system, 1911-1945. SOURCE: Annual
Report of the Postm(Lster General, 1945, table 18, p. 72.
Data are for fiscal years since the inception of the Postal Savings system. Current data on the Postal Savings system are available monthly in the Federal Reserve Bu,lletin, and annually in Office
of Postmaster General, Report of Operation of the Postal Savings
Systems.
FEDERAL RESERVE BANKS (N 114-134)
N 114-134. General note. For purposes of the Federal Reserve
System the country is divided into 12 districts. There is a Federal

BANKING STATISTICS

Text: N 114-148

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Reserve Bank in each district and most have one or more branches.
Federal Reserve BankS are organized as Federal corporations with
capital stock subscribed by member banks in the respective
districts.
Federal Reserve Banks, perform central banking functions for
their respective districts. As such they hold the legal reserves of
member banks, furnish currency for circulation, facilitate the collection and clearances of checks, provide discount facilities, exer:eise supervisory duties with respect to member banks and act as
fiscal agents, depositaries and custodians for the United States
Government in its fiscal operations. In addition,' Federal' Reserve
Banks are the principal medium through which the credit policies
and general supervisory powers of the Board of Governors of the
Federal Reserve System are effected. The Federal Reserve Banks
are coordinated and supervised by the Board of Governors of the
Federal Reserve System.
N114-123. Federal Reserve Banks, principal assets and liabilities, 1914-1945. SOURCE: Board of Governors of the.Federal
Reserve System. For 1914-1941, see Banking and Monetary Statistics, table 85, pp. 330-332; for 1942-1945, see Annual Reports oj
the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. as follows:
Annual Report for 1943, table 2, pp. 62-63 and Annual Report for
1945, table 2, pp. 64:"':65. A complete and detailed balance sheet
for all Federal Reserve Banks combined and for each Bank is included in the source volumes. For further description of the items
incltided here see Banking and JYIonetary Statistics, pp. 324"-329.
Reserves of Federal Reserve Banks include gold and gold certificates on hand and due from United States Treasury, redemption
fund for Federal Reserve notes, and other cash.
Deposits of Federal Reserve Banks consist mainly of reserves
of member banks, shown separately here. They also include the
checking account of the United States Treasury, deposits of for. eign banks and Governments, and other accounts, such as deposits
, maintained by certain nonmember banks for use in clearing and
collecting checks and checking accounts of Government agencies.
N 124-:130. Federal Reserve Banks, earnings and expenses,
1915-1945. SOURCE: Annual Report of the Board of Governors of
the Federal Reserve System, 1945, table 7, pp. 72-73. The item
'''transferred to surplus" for the period 1934-1945 is a combination
of two items shown separately in the source: "Transferred to surplus (sec. 7)" and "transferred to surplus (sec. 13b)." (The section
numbers refer to the Federal Reserve Act.)
Federal Reserve Banks are not operated for pr()fit but they are
self-supporting. The nature and the amount of Reserve Bank
~arnings depend largely upon the demand for Reser~e Ba,nk credit
on the part of member banks and upon Federal Reserve policy as
to open-market operations. Most of the expenses of the Reserve
Banks are incurred in collecting checks, supplying currency, and
performing other services from which no earnings are derived.
N 131-134. Member Bank reserve requirements, 1917-1945.
SOURCE: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System,
Federal Reserve Bulletin, March 1947, p. 282. These data represent
minimum reserve requirements as specified by law (amendment
to the Federal Reserve Act effective June 21, 1917). Since 1935 the
Federal Reserve Board has been authorized to increase these minimum requirements up to double the various specified percentages
and, as noted in these series, requirements have been changed from
time to time. Prior to June 21, 1917, member banks were authorized to hold a part of their reserves as cash in their own vaults
and a part on deposit with, other banks. Since that date, only
balances with Reserve Banks have counted as legal reserves.
BANK SUSPENSIONS (N 135-147)
N 135-147. Bank suspensions, 1864-1945. SOURCES: For 1864-

1891, see Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency, 1931,


pp. 1040-1041; for 1892-1945, see pUblications of the Board of
Governors of the Federal Reserve System, as follows: For 1892-

1941, see Banking and Nlonetary Statistics, table 66, p. 283; for
1942-1945 totals, see Federal Reserve Bulletin, June 1946, p. 631Comprehensive and dependable statistics on bank suspensions
are available only for comparatively recent years, that is, beginning with 1921. Statistics for State banks prior to 1892 are fragmentary and incomplete. While the figures shown for the period
1892-1920 are believed to be somewhat more reliable than for
earlier years, they are not strictly comparable with the figures
shown for the period 1921-1945. Prior to 1921 the figures may be
useful principally in showing the periods of abnormal banking
mortality.
, Beginning with 1921 more detailed data are available on the
number and deposits of suspended banks. These data were compiled from original reports on bank suspensions. The term "bank
suspension" has been defined to comprise all banks closed to the
public, either temporarily or permanently, by supervisory authorities or by the banks' boards of directors on account of financial
difficulties, whether on a so-called moratorium basis or otherwise,
unless the closing was under a special banking holiday declared by
civil authorities, in which case, if the bank remained closed only
during such holiday, it was not counted as a suspension. Banks
which, without actually closing, merged with other banks or obtained agreements with depositors to waive or to defer withdrawal
of a portion of their deposits likewise have not been counted as
suspensions; but banks which closed and were later reopened or
taken bver bv other institutions have been included as suspensions.
For 1864-1891, all series are for the year ending June 30; for
1892-1920, figures for national and State banks are for the calendar year; for 1921-1945, all series are for the calendar year. For
private banks (series N 138), figures for 1892-1920 vary in ending
date of reporting year as follows: For 1892, June 30; for 1893 (14
months), Aug. 31; for r894~1899; Aug, 31; for 1900:--1919, June
30; and for 1920 (18 months), Dec. 31. Series N 135 (total) for
1892-l920 is composite as to reporting period since it comprises
the summation of series N 136-138.
'
Deposits for member, banks are as of the date of suspension,
and for nonmember banks as of the date of suspension Or latest
available call 'date prior thereto" with the exception, of unlicensed
panks included lor 1933. Deposits of unlicensed banks included in
suspensions for 1933 are (1) for national banks, as of the date of
conservatorship; (2) for State member banks, as of June 30, 1933,
or the nearest call date prior tb liquidation or receivership; and
(3) for nonmember banks, the latest figures available at the time
the banks were reported as having been placed in liquidation or
receivership, or (for those which later reopened) as of the date
license was granted to reopen.
, Figures for losses borne by depositors (series N 147} are from
the Annual Report of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation,
1940, p. 66, except for the figure for 1941, whic]J. is an unpublished
estimate made by the Corporation. For 1935~1941, the figures inClude some losses in insured banks which were not classified as
bank suspensions but which were merged with the financial aid of
the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. For the same period,
the figures also include about 47 million dollars of losses borne by
the Federai Deposit Insurance Corporation. Prior to 1921, figures
on estimated losses borne by depositors are available by periods
as follows: 1881-1900, 93 million dollars; 1901-1920, 139 million
dollars (Annual Report, 1940, p. 62).
More detailed statistics for the period 1921-1941 are available
in the source volume, including the number and deposits of suspended banks by States, by years, and by class of bank.

Currency and Gold: Series N 148-184


N 148-165. Currency, 1800-1945. SOURCE: See text for specific
series below. Currency includes coin and paper money issued by the
Government and by banks. It represents a relatively small part of
257

Text: N 148-171

BANKING AND FINANCE

N 152-165. Money in circulation by kind, 1860-1945. SOURCE:


the total media of exchange in the United States, for most of it is
held in the form of bank deposits and most money payments are For 1860-1913, see Annual Report of the Secretary oj the Treasury,
made by check. All currency is now issued by the Federal Reserve 1928, pp. 554~555; for 1914-1945, see Treasury Annual Report,
Banks and the Treasury.
1945, p. 677. See also text for series N 148-165.
More detailed data on money stock and circulation, by kind,
Currency in circulation or money in circulation (official Treasury Circulation Statement) refers to all coin and paper money out- annually, are shown in the various annual reports of the Secretary
side the Treasury and Federal Reserve Banks, with the exception of the Treasury and the Comptroller of the Currency. For a conof gold and silver coin known to have been exported and, beginning tinuation of series N 157 (State bank notes, 1860-1878), annually
with January 31, 1934, all gold coin. It includes all coin and paper back to 1830, decennially to 1800, see Annual Report oj the Compmoney held by the public in the United States whether in current troller of the Currency, 1916, vol. II, table 28, p. 45.
active use or held idle-also some currency which, strictly speakThe security held for redemption of gold certificates, silver cering, is not a part of the money supply in the hands of the public, tificates, etc., is described in the Treasury Annual Report, 1945,
that is, cash in vaults of commercial and savings banks, currency in a footnote to table 91, p. 676, as follows:
lost or destroyed, and currency carried abroad by travelers and
A part of the gold and silver included in the stock of money
not appearing in the official gold and silver export figures.
is held as a reserve against other kinds of money as follows:
(1) as a reserve for United States notes and Treasury notes of
N 148-151. Money stock and money in circulation, 1800-1945.
1890-gold bullion varying in amount from $150,000,000 to
SOURCE: For 1800-l859, see Annual Report of the Comptroller of
$156,039,431 during the years 1913-1945; (2) as security for
the Curr_ency, 1896, vol. I, p. 544; for 1860-1912, see Annual Report
Treasury notes of 1890-an equal dollar amount in standard
siTver dollars (these notes are being cancelled and retired on
of the Secretary of the Treasury, 1928, pp. 550-551; for 1913-1945,
receipt); (3) as security for outstanding silver certificatessee Treasury Annual. Report, 1945. D. 675.
silver in bullion and standard silver dollars of a monetary
The totals for money stock (series N 148) involve a duplication
value equal to the face amount of such silver certificates; and
(4) as security for gold certificates-gold bullion of a value
to the extent that United States not~s, Federal Reserve notes,
at the legal standard equal to the face amount of such gold
Federal Reserve Bank notes, and national bank notes, all included
certificates .. Federal Reserve notes are obligations of the
in full, are in part secured by gold, also included in full. Gold cerUnited States and a first lien on all the assets of the issuing
tificates, silver certificates, and Treasury notes of 1890 have been
Federal Reserve Bank. Federal Reserve notes are secured by
the deposit with Federal Reserve agents of a like amount Of
excluded, however, since they are complete duplications of the
gold paper as is eligible under the terms of the Federal Reequal amounts of gold or silver held as security therefor and inserve Act, or until June 30, 1945, of direct obligations of the
cluded in the totals. For a statement on this point and a descripUnited States if so authorized by a majority vote of the Board
tion of security by type of money, see text for series N 152-165
of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Federal Reserve
Banks must maintain a reserve in gold certificates of at least
below.
40 percent, including the redemption fund which must be
The following statement is adapted from tabular footnotes in
deposited with the Treasurer of the United States, against
Annual Report of the Secretary of the Treasury, 1928 issue, p. 557,
Federal Reserve notes in actual circulation. "Gold certificates," as herein used, includes credits with the Treasurer of
and 1945 issue, p. 675:
the United States payable in gold certificates. Federal Reserve
The figures for 1860-1889 have been revised from the best
Bank notes and national bank notes are in process of retiredata available in annual reports of the Secretary of the Treasment. The monetary value of gold was changed from $20.67
ury. The records are not complete and the figures for gold and
per fine ounce to $35.00 per fine ounce on January 31, 1934.
silver in those years are only estimates. Beginning with 1890,
The weight of the gold dollar was reduced from 25.8 to 15 % 1
the compilation is based on revised figures for June 30 of each
grains of gold, 0.9 fine.
year and therefore differs slightly from the monthly circulaIn respect to national bank notes, the Treasury Annual Report,
tion statements issued by the Treasury. Beginning June 30,
1922, the form of the circulation statement was revisedso as 1928, in a footnote to table 63, p. 557, states:
to include in the holdings of the Federal Reserve Banks and
National bank notes are secured by United States bonds
agents, and hence, include in the stock of money, gold bullion
except where lawful money has been deposited with the Treasand foreign gold coin held by the Federal Reserve Banks and
urer of the United States for their retirement. A 5-percent
agents; and was also revised so as to include in the holdings
fund is also maintained in lawful money with the Treasurer
of the Federal Reserve Banks and agents, and hence, exclude
of the United States for the redemption of national bank
from money in circulation, all forms of money held by the
notes secured by Government bonds.
Federal Reserve Banks and agents whether as reserve against
N 166-171. Changes in gold stock of the United States, 1914Federal Reserve notes or otherwise. For full explanation of
1945. SOURCE: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
this revision, see Treasury Annual Report, 1922, p. 433.
Beginning December 31, 1927, the form of the monthlycir- For 1914-1941, see Banking and Monetary Statistics, table 156, p.
culation statement was revised so as to exclude. earmarked 536; for 1942-1945, see Federal Reserve Bulletin, January 1947, p.
gold coin from the stock of money, and hence from money in 52. For a discussion of the items shown here, see Banking and
circulation; and to include in the holdings of the Federal Reserve banks and agents, and hence in the stock of money, Monetary Statistics, p. 522. Monthly data are also available in that
gold coin, and bullion held abroad for the account of the Fed- source.
eral Reserve Banks. These changes do not affect the figures
At one time gold circulated freely as money and was the basic
prior to the establishment of the Federal Reserve System.
For the sake of comparability, the figures from 1915 on, as form into which all other types of money could generally be. conshown here, have been compiled on the basis of the revisions verted. At present, however, the gold stock in most countries is
mentioned. Beginning on December 31, 1927, the monthly held largely or entirely by central banks and government treasuries
circulation statement was also revised to include minor coin as a legal reserve against note and deposit liabilities or for sta(the bronze I-cent piece and the nickel 5-cent piece) throughout. For the sake of comparability, the figures from 1910 on, bilizing exchange rates. All gold belonging to the United States is
as shown here, have been revised to include minor coin. Satis- held by the Treasury Department. Private gold holdings are forfactory data on minor coin for earlier years were not available bidden except in limited amounts for licensed purposes. Gold may
and the amount was small.
be held by Federal Reserve Banks for account of foreign central
The circulation statement beginning on December 31, 1927, banks or governments. Such earmarked gold, however, is not a
is dated for the end of the month instead of the beginning of
the succeeding month as was the practice theretofore, and part of the monetary gold stock of this country.
figures on a revised basis for "money held in Treasury" are
The data for domestic gold production (series N 168) are those
used. For full explanation of this revision, see Treasury Annual reported by the Director of the Mint, adjusted to exclude PhilipReport, 1928, pp. 70-71. Final revisions, minor in amount,
are made in some figures of the June 30 circulation statements pine Islands production received in the United States. The data
for net gold imports (series N 169) are those compiled by the Defor use in the annual report tables.
258

CURRENCY AND GOLD


partment of Commerce. The figures for gold under earmark (series
N 170-171) represent gold held by the Federal Reserve Banks for
foreign account; in the calculation of the changes in gold under
earmark, however, consideration has also been given to gold held
under earmark abroad for the account of the Federal Reserve
Banks in the years 1917-1933.
N 172-178. Adjusted deposits of banks and currency outside
banks, 1892-1945. SOURCE: Board of Governors of the Federal
Reserve System. For 1892-1941, see Banking and Monetary Statistics, table 9, pp. 34-35; for 1942-1945, see Federal Reserve Bulletin,
January 1947, p. 53. These figures provide an indication of the
total volume of the means of payment outstanding in the country.
The supply of money, in the sense of a means of payment, is generally defined to include currency and demand deposits of banks.
Time deposits are also sometimes included in measures of money
supply, although in general they probably represent savings and
not funds intended to be used for current expenditures.
These data have been adjusted to show as nearly as possible the
deposits and currency owned by the public. Currency held as vault
cash has been deducted from the total amount of currency outside
the Treasury and Federal Reserve Banks. Deposit figures have
been adjusted to exclude interbank deposits, which do not represent money available to the public, and items in process of collection, inclusion of which would represent a double counting of
deposits. For a detailed description of these series and their
significance see Banking and Monetary Statistics, pp. 11-12.
N 179-182. Amount coined of gold, silver and minor coin, 1793-1945. SOURCE: Annual Reports of the Director of the Mint. For
1793-1943, see Annual Report for 1944, pp. 72-73; for 1944, see
Annual Report for 1945, p. 87; for 1945, see Annual Report for
1946, p. 49.
N 183-184. Silver prices, 1789-1945. SOURCE: Annual Reports
of the Director of the Mint. For 1789-1941, see report for 1941, pp.
90-91; for 1942-1945, see report for 1946, pp. 69 and 70.
Data on average commercial ratio of silver to gold are available
back to 1687 in the 1941 Annual Report. From 1789 to 1832, average commercial ratios of silver to gold are taken from Dr. A. Soetbeer; from 1833 to 1878, from Pixley and Abell's tables; from 1879
to 1896, from daily cabled prices from London to the Bureau of
the Mint; from 1897 to 1914, from daily London quotations; and
since, from daily New York quotations.

Money Rates and Security Markets: Series N 185-232

Text: N 166-214

Annual average rates on Stock Exchange call loans (new) are


also available in Banking and Monetary Statistics from 1919-1941.
Monthly and weekly figures for all of the items are given in the
source volume.
N 188-195. Commercial and customer bank loan rates, 19191945. SOURCE: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
For 1919-1941, see Banking and Monetary Statistics, tables 124
and 125, pp. 463-464; for 1942-1945, see Federal Reserve Bulletin,
December 1946, p. 1383. Data by months are available in the
source volumes. These data are compiled by the Board of Governors from reports submitted by member banks in leading cities
throughout the country.
Figures for series N 192-195 represent averages of prevailing
. rates reported monthly by banks in a varying number of leading
cities on commercial loans and tiITle and demand security loans.
For series N 188-191, data for Jan. 1928-Feb. 1939 are averages
of prevailing rates reported monthly by banks in 19 principal
cities on commercial loans only; beginning in March 1939 the
figures are averages of interest rates charged by banks in 19 cities
on commercial and industrial loans made during the first half of
March, June, September, and December. For a description of the
figures, see Banking and Monetary Statistics, pp. 426-427.
N 196-200. Basic yields of corporate bonds, by term to maturity,
1900-1945. SOURCE: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve
System. For 1900-1942, see Banking and Monetary Stcttistics,
table 131,' p. 477; for 1943-1945, data were furnished from records
of the Federal Reserve Board. Data shown for 1900-1942 are
originally from Durand, David, Basic Yields of Corporate Bonds,
1900-1942, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York,
1942. Greater detail than is shown here as to yield by years of
maturity appears in both Durand and in Banking and Monetary
Statistics.
The basic yield series represents the yield estimated as prevailing in the first quarter of each year on the highest-grade corporate
issues, classified by term to maturity. This series is based on monthly high and low quotations of practically all the actively traded
high-grade corporate issues outstanding since 1900. For further
description, see Banking and Monetary Statistics, p. 430.
N 201-202. Railroad bond yields, 1857-1936. SOURCE: Macaulay, Frederick R., Some Historical Problems Suggested by the
Movements of Interest Rates, Bond Yields and Stock Prices in the'
United States Since 1856, National Bureau of Economic Research,
New York, 1938, pp. A 142-A 161.
N 203-204. Yields of U. S. Government bonds and municipal
high-grade bonds, 1919-1945. SOURCES: Board of Governors of
the Federal Reserve System. For 1919-1941, see Banking and
Monetary Statistics, table 128, p. 468; for 1942-1945, see Federal
Reserve Bulletin, November 1945, p. 1133, and December 1946, p.
1383. For monthly figures and a description of these series see
Banking and Monetary Statistics, pp. 429 and 468.

N 185-187. Short-term open-market rates in New York City,


1896-1945. SOURCE: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve
System. For 1890-1941, see Banking and Monetary Statistics,
table 120, p. 448; for 1942-1945, see Federal Reserve Bulletin,
March 1944, p. 263, and January 1947, p. 63.
Short-term open-market rates shown here are for New York
City which is the chief money market in this country. The New
N 205. Yields on preferred stocks, 1919-1945. SOURCE: StatisYork money market is composed of a number of specialized mar- tical Abstract of the United States. For 1919-1926, see Statistical
kets for certain types of loans and there are usually differences in Abstract for 1937, table 322, p. 288; for 1927-1945, see Statistical
rates corresponding to differences in the supply of funds relative Abstract for 1946, table 488, p. 447.
to the demand for the particular type of loan in which the market
N 206-211. Indexes of yields on common stocks, 1871-1937.
deals. These markets are called "open" markets since transactions
in them are usually made on an impersonal basis with the borrower SOURCE: Cowles, Alfred, 3rd, and Associates, Common Stock Inand lender dealing through agents, as distinct from a "customer" dexes, 1871-1937, Principia Press Inc., Bloomington, Ind., 1938,
market where the borrower and lender deal directly with each pp. 372-375 and 381. These are total actual dividends paid in
other and where transactions are often made on a personal basis. each calendar year divided by total stock values as represented
As a result, lenders may sell paper held, call loans, or refrain from by an average of the monthly values for the year.
N 212-214. Bond prices, 1919-1945. SOURCE: Board of Goverrenewing credits upon maturity more freely in the case of openmarket paper than in the case of customer loans. Until recent nors of the Federal Reserve System. For 1919-1941, see Banking
years, the 1930's, 90-day Stock Exchange time loans (series N 185), and Monetary Statistics, table 130, p. 475; for 1942-1945, see Fedprime 4- to 6-month commercial paper (series N 186), and Stock eral Reserve Bulletin, November 1945, p. 1134, and December 1946,
Exchange renewal call loans (series N 187) were the most important p. 1384. For corporate medium and lower-grade and defaulted
short-term open-market instruments.
bonds, 1937-1945, see source volumes.
259

Text: N 212-232

BANKING AND FINANCE

Prices shown are derived from average yields on basis of specified coupon rate and term to maturity which vary for different
issues. They indicate the price movements of a representative
bond of unchanging coupon and maturity. They do not measure
accurately the average level of current price quotations in the
market. For monthly figures and a description of the series, see
Banking and Monetary Statistics, pp. 429-430 and 475.
N 215-220. Index of common stock prices, 1871-1937. SOURCE:
Cowles, Alfred, 3rd, and Associates, Common Stock Indexes, 18711937, Principia Press Inc., Bloomington, Ind., 1938, pp. 66-75
and 131.
These indexes are presented in monthly figures in the source
volume. The indexes are "spliced" to monthly a~erages of weekly
Standard Statistics indexes which begin in 1918 or later, with the
base 1926 = 100. The price relative for each issue in an index receives a weight equal to the product of the price per share by the
number of shares outstanding. All necessary adjustments have
been made in the number of shares outstanding. For an explanation of the construction of these indexes, see Common Stock I ndexes, p. 17.
N 221-227. Capital issues, by kind of issue and class of security,
1910-1945. SOURCE: Statistical Abstract of United States. For
1910-1918, see Statistical Abstract for 1932, table 299, p. 292; for
1919-1945, see Statistical Abstract for 1947~ table 495, p. 458. The
primary' source of these data is The Commercial and Financial
Chronicle, New York City.

260

Data cover domestic and foreign issues in the United States.


Preferred stock of no par value and all common stocks are taken
at their offering price, other issues at par, except that, in the
figures for corporate issues for 1910 to 1918 all stocks are included
at their market value. Corporate issues for 1910 to 1918 exclude
real estate offerings and privileged stock subscriptions included in
figures beginning 1919, and issues of less than $100,000.
Other data on capital issues by kind of issue are available in the
source volumes, e. g., total amount of new and refunding issues is
distributed: "Corporate," "foreign government," "Farm loan and
Government agencies," and "State and municipal."
N 228-232. Volume of sales on New York Stock Exchange,
1900-1945. SOURCE: For 1900-1909, see Board of Governors of
the Federal Reserve System, Banking and Monetary Statistics,
table 135, p. 485; for 1910-1945, see Statistical Abstract of United
States as follows: For 1910-1922, see Statistical Abstract, 1936,
table 323, p. 289; for 1923-1945, see Statistical Abstract, 1947,
table 485, p. 452. These data are published currently by The Commercial and Financial Chronicle, New York City. Data on stocks
(N 228) cover ticker or "reported" volume which excludes oddlots, stopped sales, private sales, split openings, crossed transactions, and errors of omission. Data on bonds are exclusive of
stopped sales. Beginning in 1935 the Securities and Exchange Commission has compiled statistics on the volume and value of stock
and bond sales on all registered exchanges. These are available by
quarterly periods in the source volumes.

BANKING STATISTICS

Data: N 1-18

Series N 1-12.-ASSETS AND LIABILITIES-SECOND BANK OF THE UNITED STATES:


1817 TO 1840
[Figures are from Annual Report of Comptroller of Currency, 1876, p. lxxxiii, except in series N 12 where figures in parentheses (millions of dollars) are from Annual
Report, 1916, p. 912 )
LIABILITIES

RESOURCES
YEAH

1840 _____
1839 __ ",- __
1838 _____
1837 _____
1836 _____

Loans and
discounts

Stocks

Real estate

Banking
houses

Due from
State and
foreign
banks

1,760,632
1,741,407
1,855,169
2,200 2,136,525
8,674,681 2,629,125

-------------------------------

Specie

Capital

Circulation

Deposits

Due to
State and
foreign
banks, etc. 1

Other
liabilities

10

11

12

$610,504 $7,469,422 $1,383,686


424,382 5,833,000 1,791,580
443,109 3,657,261
866,597
420,244 2,284,598 1,206,754
967,404 4,161,176 1,736,491

$36,889,593 $16,316,419 $1,228,630


41,618,637 17,957,497 1,054,523
45,256,571 14,862,108 1,061,663
57,393,709 ----------816,855
59,232,445 ----------- 1,486,561

1R35 _____ 51,808,739


1834 _____ 54,911,461
1833 _____ 61,695,913
1832 _____ 66,293,707
183L ____ 44,032,057

Notes of
State banks

1,218,896
1,189,125
1,181,071
1,159,637
1,344,761

l:i,uou,OO.L

..
J.

6,532,471
4,860,539
6,794,976
4,036,517
n

onn

nn ..

1,506,200
1,982,640
2,292,655
2,171,676
AnA

r::n.c

,~v",uvu

$1,469,674
4,153,607
3,770,842
2,638,449
8,417,988

$35,000,000 $6,695,861 $3,338,521 $9,126,985 $8,119,468


35,000,000 5,982,621 6,779,394 15,831,895 9,260,351
35,000,000 6,768,067 2,616,713 17,449,325 7,987,434
35,000,000 11,447,968 2,332,409 9,210,962
(6.8)
35,000,000 23,075,422 5,061,456 2,660,694
(10.1)

15,708,369
10,039,237
8,951,847
7,038,023
10,808,047

35,000,000
35,000,000
35,000,000
35,000,000
35,000,000

17,339,797
19,208,3.79
17,518,217
21,355,724
16,251,267

11,756,905
10,838,555
20,347,749
22,761,434
17,297,041

3,119,172
1,522,124
2,091,891
1,951,103
734,900

(11.3)
(8.2)
(8.0)
(1.6)
(2.0)

----------1,447,748
3,165,207
280,056
251,494

(4.5)
(8.4)
(0.6)
(4.1)
(5.5)

1830 _____
1829 _____
1828 _____
1821- ____
1826 _____

40,663,805
39,219,602
33,682,905
30,937,866
33,424,621

11 ,610,290
16,099,099
17,624,859
17,764,359
18,308,501

1,444,801
1,557,856
1,634,260
1,678,192
1,792,870

2,730,011
2,205,537
356; 740
2,144,196
1,168,899

1,465,047
1,293,578
1,447,386
1,068,483
1,114,831

7,608,076
6,098,188
6,170,045
6,457,161
3,960,158

35,000,000 12,924,145 16,045,782


35,000,000 11,901,656 17,061,918
35,000,000 9,855,677 14,497,330
35,000,000 8,549,409 14,320,186
35,000,000 9,474,987 11,214,640

1825 _____
1824 _____
1823 _____
1822 _____
182L ___ ..

31,812,617
33,482,084
30,736,432
28,061,169
30,905,199

18,422,027 1,495,150 1,852,935


10,874,014 1,302,551 1,871,635
626,674 1,956,764
11,018,552
13,318,951
563,480 1,855,946
9,155,855 ----------- 1,886,724

2,154,273
2,721,828
1,432,172
2,825,360
1,261,745

1,056,224
705,173
766,248
917,629
677,022

6,746,952
5,813,694
4,424,874
4,761,299
7,643,140

35,000,000
35,000,000
35,000,000
35,000,000
35,000,000

6,068,394 12,033,364
4,647,077 13,701,986
4,361,058 7,622,840
5,578,782 8,0.75,152
4,567,053 7,894,985

2,407,282
1,020,000
1,292,710
2,040,000
2,053,074

(8.0)
(2.4)
?2.6)
1.7)
(2.0)

1820 _____
1819 _____
1818 _____
1817 _____

31,401,158
35,786,263
41,181,750
23,485,195

2,988,628
8,246,464
2,237,576
8,848,315

1,448,166
1,877,909
1,837,254
587,201

3,392,755
2,666,696
2,515,949
1,724,109

35,000,000
35,000,000
35,000,000
35,000,000

3,589,481 6,568,794
5,792,869
6,563,7150
8,339,448 12,279,207
1,911,200 11,233,021

2,053,650
1,434,022
1,357,778

(0.5)
(2.6)
(0.4)

7,192,980
7,391,823
9,475,932
4,829,234

2,886,397
2,345,539
2,295,401
2,039,226
1,848,354

----------- 1,296,626
433,808
----------- 175,201
--------------------- -----------

1 Annual R;port, 1916, shows following (millions of dollars): Series N 11, 1840,
17.3; 1839, 25.1; 1838 25,5. Series N 12, 1840, 3.0; 1839, no entry; 1838, 0.2.

----------- -----------

2 Annual Report, 1916, p. 912, gives 32.2 million dollars. American State Papers,
Finance, vol. 3 ,po 353, gives $32,416,101 as of "last of October."

Series N 13-1B.-ASSETS AND LIABILITIES-COLONIAL AND STATE BANKS: 1774 TO 1833


{Amounts in millions ofdollllrs)

YEAR

Number
of banks

Capital

13

14

Circulation Deposits
15

16

Specie

Loans

17

18

1833 _____
1832 _____
183L ____

1175
2172

391

37.8
35.5
23.4

10.2
10.2
8.8

5.4
4.7
4.6

1.7
1.6
1.3

1830 _____
1829 _____
1828 _____
1827 _____
1826 _____

329
329
4 108
360
855

110.1
110.1
25.4
18.2
16.6

48.4
48.2
5.6
4.9
4.5

39.5
40.7
3.0
2.9
2.6

14.5
14.9
1.4
1.4
1.3

1825 _____
1824 _____
1823 _____
1822 _____
183L ____

341
337
834
333
828

l4:5
12.8
11.6
10.8
9.8

4.0
3.8
3.1
3.1
3.0

2.7
5.2
3.1
3.2
5.4

1.0
1.9

0.9
3.0

1820 _____
1819 _____
lfi18 _____
1817 _____
1816 _____

307

---------327
----------

102.1
72.8
9.7
90.6
89.8

40.6
35.7
2.6

31.2
11.1
2.9

16.7
9.8
1.1

1815 _____
1814 _____
1813 _____
1812 _____
1811 _____

246
208

----------

-------2988

82.2
80.3
65.0
jj 7.9
42.6

1.0

159.8

---------34.5
24.2
23.6
21.9
17.4
15.6
14.5
13.0

---------73.6
12.5

------------------- ---------- ---------19.0 ---------68.0 ---------150.0


17.0
45.5 ------------------- -----28~O- ----ii7~O--- --66~O- ---------12.8
2.6
5.3
4.0
22.7 ---------9.6 ----------

New Hampshire, Ma3Sachusetts, and Rhode Island only.


Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island only_
S Massachusetts only.

57.6
53.2
38.9

YEAR

Number
of banks

Capital

Circulation

Deposits

Specie

Loans

13

]4

15

16

17

18

1810 _____
1809 _____
1808 _____
1807 _____
1806 _____

428
429
816
816
315

1805 _____
1804- ____
1803 _____
1R02 _____
180L..: ___

75
59
36
32
31

40.4
39.5
26.0
22.6
22.4

1800 _____
1799 _____
1798~ ____
1797_____
1796 _____

28
26
25
25
24

21.3
21.2
19.2
19.2
19.2

10.5
10.0
9.0
10.0
10.5

1795 _____
1794- ____
1793 _____
1792 _____
179L ____

23
17
17
16
6

19.0
18.0
18.0
17.1
12.9

11.0
11.6
11.0
11.5
9.0

1790 _____
1784- ____
1774 _____

4
3

2.5
2.1

2.5
2.0

6.6
7.2
5.9
5.5
5.4

2.5
1.7
1.0
1.4
1.6
-----i4~O-

11.0
10.0
11.0

2.8
2.7
2.5
1.7
2.0

----------

-------------------

-------------------

----------

------------------ ...
-------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

1.6
1.2
1.0
0.7
0.9
-----i7~5-

16.0
16.5
17.0
17.5
17.0
14.0
16.0
16.5
19.0
21. 5
20.0
18.0
16.0

11.1
9.7
7.4
6.8
7.0

----- ----------------------------------------------.~---

-------------------

-------------------------------------

----.--------------

--------- ..

9.0
10.0 ---------4.0 ---- ------

( Massachusetts and Rhode Island only.


5 Gapitalstock of Massachusetts only.

261

BANKING AND FINANCE

Data: N 19-26

Series N 19-26.-ASSETS AND LIABILITIES-ALL BA:t-.JKS: 1834 TO 1945


( Amounts in thousands of dollars 1

YEAR (June 30)

Number
of banks

Total
assets or
liabilities
(or total
resources)

19

20

SELECTED LIABILITIES

SELECTED ASSETS

Loans and
discounts
including
overdrafts

United States
Government
and other

Capital,
surplus, and
net undivided
profits

Circulation

Total
deposits

secur~ties

Cash and
balances
with other
banks -

21

22

23

24

25

26

10,151,971 ------------ 1151,932,691


9,355,501 ------------ 1129,357,247
8,790,695 ------------ 1107,784,099
8,522,218 ------------ 183,029,575
78 ,54.9 ,329 _
8,524,519 ------------

28,092,140 102,272,885
25,504,338 83,716,591
22,324,053 65,884,932
25,178,305 39,016,112
25,543,438 32,729,732

130,895,894
128,328,543
126,816,911
I 25,683,039
26,879,314

22,557,670
21,516,279
21,311 ,161
22,698,176
20,839,159

29,074,909
28,385,768
26,345,478
27,274,139
27,859,533

25,683,857
20,626,596
17,470,668
15,628,614
15,122,381

8,325,127 -----------8,294,208 -----------8,181,969 ------------:8,236,431 -----------7,971,093 ------------

60,386,863
56,157,554
51,293,912
57,190,109
69,757,104

20,419,260
21,431,153
22,387,818
28,089,853
35,210,500

24,217,155
21,289,494
17,930,663
18,223,241
20,060,153

12,397,548
10,215,74!:1
7,764,785
7,367,717
10,366,945

7,835,734
7,852,750
7,385,288
8,588,501
9,831,079

222,095
698,293
730,435
652,168
639,304

51,586,123
46,625,041
41,533,470
45,390,269
56,864,744

24,079
25,330
26,213
27,061
28,146

73,462,376
71,718,679
71,137,842
67,922,039
64,686,070

40,510,108
41,433,126
39,155,988
37,103,309
35,843,208

17,944,728
17,348,738
18,771 ,814
17,255,093
15,815,141

11 ,178 ,032
9,271,425
9,363,191
10,089,465
9,803,142

10,281,498
9,667,545
8,897,412
8,272,231
7,808,442

652,339
649,452
649,095
650,946
651,155

59,847,195
57,910,641
58,431,061
56,751,307
54,069,257

28,841
29,348
30,178
30,389
30,812

61,898,134
57,084,786
53,905,293
50,294,893
49,584,788

33,598,506
31,288,318
30,157,810
27,628,331
28,688,971

15,374,899
14,193,638
13,634,618
12,502,195
11 ,278 ,769

9,906,815
9,024,963
7,590,326
7,818,741
7,031,439

7,350,484
7,053,292
6,806,006
6,575,202
6,356,736

648,494
729,686
720,001
725,748
704,147

51,995,059
47,709,028
44,249,524
41,128,352
38,664,987

30,139
29,123
28,880
27,923
27,513

30,650,050

47,615,447
40,726,439
37,126,763
32,271 ,238

25,088,978
22,591,221
20,665,939
17,933,577

11,251,956
11 ,989 ,093
9,621,875
7,953,038
6,764,481

8,367,397
7,763,245
6,439,553
6,829,710
6,043,099

5,335,680
5,012,153
4,874,849
4,609,132

688,178
577,162
681,631
660,431
676,116

37,685,972
32,615,468
30,470,159
26,462,501

19_15 ______ - - -- --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -- ----1914 _______________ c - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -- ----- -- -1913 ___ - -- - - - - - -- - - -- - - - - - - - - - --- - - - - - - - -- - --1912 ____ - - - ~ - - -- - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - -1911 _____ - ----_----- ------- -- - - - -- - --- - -------

27,062
26,765
25,993
25,195
24,392

27,804,130
26,971 ,398
25,712,164
24,986,643
23,631,084

15,758,673
15,339,478
14,626,772
13,953,607
13,046,390

5,840,058
5,541,437
5,364,006
5,320,635
5,014,997

5,015,300
4,869,799
4,659,544
4,824,986
4,737,653

4,535,536
4,408,591
4,346,690
4,177,O()02
4,017,986

722,704
722,555
722,125
708,691
681,740

22,031,669
21,359,842
20,138,553
19,719,288
18,581,475

1910 ___________ - - --------- - - - ---- - --- -------1909 ____ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -- - --1908 _____ - - -- - - - - ----- - -- - - - - - - - - - - -- -- -- - --1907 _____ - - - -- - - - ---- - --- -- - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - -"-1906 ____ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

23,095
22,524
21,346
19,746
17,905

22,450,321
21,197,904
19,583,410
19,645,016
18,147,579

12,521,809
11 ,446,722
10,437,992
10,763,912
9,893,757

4,687,753
4,622,459
4,392,874
4,293,786
4,031,498

4,327,655
4,435,950
3,876,038
3,554,980
3,390,261

3,835,543
S ,649 ,680
3,518,672
3,335,937
3,124,136

675,633
641,312
613,664
547,919
510,861

17,584,175
16,668,219
15,116,863
15,358,215
14,207,429

1905 ____ - _- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1904 ______ - - -- - - -- - -- - - --- -- - - - -- - - - - - - - - - --1903 ____ - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- ---1902 _______ -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- --1901 ____ - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- - ---

16,410
14,850
13,684
12,424
11 ,406

16,918,207
15,198,828
14,303,117
13,363,866
12,357,477

9,027,298
7,982,023
7,738,981
7,189,110
6,425,431

3,953,024
3,619,192
3,359,794
3,039,426
2,821,196

3,272,062
3,005,622
2,677,532
2,678,739
2,581,447

2,902,700
2,753,375
2,595,423
2,298,499
2,031,727

445,456
399,584
359,261
309,337
319,009

13,332,801
11 ,864 ,925
11 ,179 ,144
10,625,592
9,896,122

10,382
9,732
9,500
9,457
9,469

10,785,825
9,905,011
8,609,003
7,822,085
7,553,922

5,657,687
5,177,594
4,652,279
4,215,978
4,251,157

2,498,381
2,179,138
1,859,883
1,732,418
1,674,647

2,203,041
2,155,003
1,724,351
1,511 ,088
1,266,345

1,906,932
1,734,732
1,724,8291,724,948
1,746,431

265,303
199,358
189,866
196,591
199,214

8,513,030
7,900,303
6,554,165
5,787,188
5,486,182

9,818
9,508
9,492
9,336
8,641

7,609,544
7,290,571
7,192,271
7,245,444
6,562,200

4,268,923
4,085,069
4,368,677
4,336,889
4,031,024

1,565,330
1,445,452
1,366,151
1,283,693
1,179,393

1,442,027
1,483,319
1,189,683
1,377,993
1,124,637

1,779,678
1,752,548
1,781,083
1,721,255
1,648,924

178,816
171,720
155,081
141,199
124,027

5,538,634
5,267,669
5,065,422
5,297,460
4,682,695

8,201
7,244
6,647
6,170
4,338

6,357,626
5,944,907
5,470,458
5,193,323
4,542,395

3,853,533
3,477,596
3,161,216
2,943,309
2,433,784

1,173,203
1,129,208
1,131,107
1,011 ,099
1,051,559

1,123,387
1,144,327
989,272
999,061
773,117

1,558,127
1,427,671
1,347,566
1,259,048
1,076,379

126,444
128,987
155,482
166,857
244,996

4,576,433
4,310,516
3,891,096
3,718,(l39
3,186,179

4,350
4,113
3,835
3,572
3,427

4,426,830
4,221,289
4,208,104
4,031,145
3,869,124

2,272,236
2,260,704
2,233,539
2,050,453
1,902,037

1,042,024
1,041,135
1,027,791
1,054,909
985,298

875,953
678,352
711 ,741
755,096
781,560

1,039,917
1,036,150
973,392
900,609
864,414

269,246
295,352
312,151
309,208
312,498

3,078,153
2,848,554
2,883,977
2,777,421
2,649,062

3,355
3,335
3,229
3,384
3,448

3,398,945
3,312,681
3,080,668
3,204,018
3,183,017

1,662,256
1,507,354
1,561,219
1,721,038
1,727,178

904,193
1,138,623
874,478
851,613
818,214

655,411
504,810
492,507
483,302
502,578

825,525
826,639
825,486
874,954
863,988

318,371
307,718
300,009
290,390
294,833

2,222,106
2,149,192
1,920,898
2,006,199
1,993,030

1875 ____ -- - - -- ---- - -- - ------- -- - --- ------ ---1874 ____ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1873 ____ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1872 s_____ ~ __________ -- - - - - - - - - -- ----- - - - - --1871 3 ________________ - - - - --- - - - --- - - - - - - - - - --

3,336
23,552
23,298
2,419
2,175

3,204,666
2,890,475
2,731,346
2,145,395
2,002,532

1,748,009
1,564,383
1,439,877
1,123,038
990,267

801,944
732,000
721,348
479,510
479,423

526,587
509.834
486,565
489,655
484,653

846,759
789,402
748,455
748,088
705,632

318,326
338,692
338,964
405,278
370,232

2,008,620
1,740,049
1,625,183
926,577
887,839

1870 3________________ -- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1869 3 __________________ - -- - -- -- - -- - - - - - - - -- -1868 s__________________ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1867 3__________________ -- --- -- - --- - - - --- - -- -1866 3________________ -- --- --- --- -- - -- -- - -- ---

1,937
1,878
1,887
1,908
1,931

_ 1,780,830
1,735,571
1,735,623
1,674,085
1,672,939

863,757
801,437
765.487
709,316
682,327

469,734
479,804
520,277
536,249
483,196

_405 ,608
417,628
417,522
398,094
479,598

648,301
615,660
595,852
577,651
560,187

336,078
328,530
329,028
329,343
308,825

775,100
771 ,496
797,490
743.619
758,480

14,587
14,598
14,661
14,815
14,919

163,026,979
139,559,665
117,252,406
92,259,991
87,828,719

15,017
15,146
15,341
15,580
15,803

80,213,629
73,601,320
68,277,707
68,924,757
67,188,241

1935 ____ - ___ -- - - -- - - -- ----- -- --- - - - - - -- --- --1934 ______ - - - - - --- -- - - - - - - -- --- --- -- - - -- -- --1933 ______ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1932 ___-___ - - - - - - -- - - - -- -- - - -- - -- --- - - -- -- ---1931 ____ - _- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

16,053
15,894
14,624
19,163
22,071

1930 ______ - - - - - - -- -- - - -- - - - - - - -- - -- -- - --- ---1929 ______ - - -- - - -- - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - --- ---- --- -1928 ____ - _ - - - - - --- - - - - - -- ---- - - -- - - - - --- -- --1927 ___ - - - --- - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - - - - -- - - -- - - - --1926 ______ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1925 ______ - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1924 ______ - -- -- -- - -- - - - - -- - - - - - -- --- -- -- ----1923 ______ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - -1922 _______ -- ~ --- - -- - - -- - - - -- - --- - --- - - -- - --1921 _______ - -- - ---- -- - - - - - --- - -- - -" -- - -~- ----

1945 ___ - --- - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - -- - - -- - --- - - - - --- -1944 ______ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1943 ______ - - -- - - - -- -- - - - - --- -- - - --- - - --- - - - -1942 ____ - __ - - - - - -- - - - - - - -- -- - - -- - -- - - - - - - - - -1941~ _____ - - - ---- - - - --- - - - -- - - - - - - -- --- --- --1940 ___ - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - --- -1939 ____ -- - - - - - - -- ----- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - -- ----1938 ______ -- ----- -- - - -- - - - -- -- --- - -- --- --- --1937 ______ - - - ------ - - --- - -- - - - -- - - - -- -- -- -- -1936 ___ - - - - - - ~-- -- -- - - -- -- -- --- - ---- -- -- -- ---

1920 ______ - --- - ---- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - -- -- - -- ---1919 ______ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1918 _______ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - --- --1917 ______ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1916 ___ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

1900 ____ - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - -- - -- -- --1899 ___ -- - - - - - - --- ---- - --- -- - - - -- - - --- --- - --1898 __ - - - -- -- - - - - - - - - --- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - --1897 ____ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - 1896 ____ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - -1895 __ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1894 ____ - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ---1893 _____ - -- ---- -- -- ----- ----- ----- -- - ------1892 ____ - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - - - - - -1891 ____ - - _ -- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ---1890 ____ - - - - - -- - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -- - - -1889 _- - _- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1888 ____ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1887 __ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1886 __ - - - - - - - - - -- - -- - - - - - - - -- - - -- - -- - - -- - - - -1885 ____ - ----- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -- - --- -- -- --1884 ____ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --.
1883 ____ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1882 ____ - - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - -1881 _____ - - - -- -- - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - -- -1880 ___ - - - _ - - - --- -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - -1879 ____ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1878 ____ - - - - _- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1877 ____ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1876 ___ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

See footnotes on next page.

262

52,828,247

U,"UD ,",Oil

71,153,458
64,576,694
59,379,550
59,822,370
58,339,815

41,725,224

BANKING STATISTICS

Data: N 19-34

Series N 19-26.-ASSETS AND LIABILITIES-ALL BANKS: 1834 TO 1945-Con.


[Amounts in thousands of dollars]
SELECTED ASSETS

YEAR

Total
assets or
liabilities
(or total
resources)

Number
of banks

(June 30)

19
1865 8__________________________________________
1864 8__________________________________________
1863 ___________________________________________
1862 ___________________________________________
1861 _______ .____________________________________

Loans and
discounts
including
overdrafts

20

United States
Government
and other
securities

21

SELECTED LIABILITIES

Cash and
balances
with other
banks

22

Capital,
surplus,
and net
undivided
profits

23

Total
deposits

Circulation

25

24

26

1,643
1,556
1,532
1,492
1,601

1,357,411
972,935
1,208,548
1,012,149
1,015,859

517,524
554,653
654,06.8
646,678
696,778

412,314
149,714
186,173
99,011
74,005

391,970
236,000
307,287
220,485
197,670

451,480
390,992
412,363
418,140
429,593

179,662
176,257
238,677
183,792
202,006

688,963
379,951
503,692
357,466
318,505

1,562
1,476
1,422
1,416
1,398

999,859
983,436
848,596
953,178
880,087

69l ,946
657,184
583,165
684,457
634,183

70,344
63,502
60,305
59,272
49,485

195,664
228,450
170,294
177,404
166,671

421,880
401,976
394,623
370,835
343,874

207,102
193,307
155,208
214,779
195,748

309,735
327,784
237,102
288,026
265,426

1,307
1,208
750
913
879

816.729
794,870
577,185
620,328
597,227

576,145
557,398
408,944
429,761
413,757

52,727
44,350
22,285
23,254
22,388

155,049
163,165
126,490
137,030
131,926

332.177
301 ;376
207,909
236,620
227,808

186,952
204,689
146,073
161,167
155,165

235,557
238,511
195,179
182,158
175,375

824
782
751
715
707

532,261
478,588
511 ,928
457,691
455,617

364,204
332,323
344,477
310,283
312,114

20,607
23,572
26,498
20,158
21,487

114,918
97,2.36
112,192
93,824
95,003

217,317
207,309
204,838
203,071
196,894

131,367
114,743
128,506
105,520
105,552

146,304
121,274
142,641
120,332
125,132

707
696
691
692
784

433,910
426,602
393,162
471,812
608,143

288,617
264,906
254,545
323,958
386,488

20,356
22,859
28,380
24,586
64,811

92,687
104,162
74,067
81,740
111 ,503

206,046
210,872
228,862
206,172
313,609

89,609
75,168
58,564
83,734
107,290

114,358
116,549
77,625
88,273
107,752

1840 _ _________________________________________
1839 ___________________________________________
1838 _____ ______________________ .________ _..:_
1837 _____________ _____________________________
1836 _______._______________________ ____________

901
840
829
788
713

657,750
702,382
682,058
706,490
622,197

462,897
492,278
485,632
525,116
457,506

42,412
36,128
33,909
12,407
11 ,709

98,667
129,016
119,247
139,479
128,812

358,443
327,133
317,637
290,772
251,875

106,969
135,171
116,139
149,186
140,301

119,856
143,376
145,707
189,818
165,507

1835 ______ ____________________________________


1834 _____________________________.______________ /

704
506

498,326
418,933

9,211
6,113

108,169
76,127

231,250
200,006

1860 ___________________________________________
1859 ___________________________________________
1858 ______________________-_____________________
1857 ___________________________________________
1856 ___________________________________________

1855 ___________________________________________
1854 ___________________________________________
1853 4__________________________________________
1852 5__________________________________________
1851 ___________________________________________
1850 ___________________________________________
1849 ___________________________________________
1848 ___________________________________________
1847 ___________________________________________
1846 ___________________________________________
1845 ________________ ~ __________________________
1844 ___________________________________________
1843 ___________________________________________
1842 ___________________________________________
1841 ___________________________________________
~

1 Excludes reciprocal interbank demand balances with banks in the U. S., which
at prior dates were reported "gross."
2 Number of nonnational banks estimated.
S For nonnational banks, all figures except number of bimks and capital stock
are estimated; see footnote 4, series N 35-42.

365,164
324,119

103,692
94,840

122,054
102,269

4 Incomplete.
5 Estimated figures based on number of banks in previous 5 years and resources
and liabilities in 10 years, 1854 to 1863, inclusive.

Series N 27-34.-ASSETS AND LIABILITIES-NATIONAL BANKS: 1863 TO 1945


[ Amounts in thousands of dollars]
SELECTED LIABILITIES

SELECTED ASSETS

YEAR

Number
of banks

(June 30)

27

Total
assets or
liabilities
(or total
resources)

Loans and
discounts
including
overdrafts

United States
Government
and other
securities 1

Cash and
balances
with other
banks 2

Capital,
surplus,
and net
undivided
profits

Circulation

Total
deposits

32

33

34

28

29

30

31

1945 ___________________________ - ______________ _


1944 _________ - - ______________ - - - _______ - _____ - _
1943 ___________________________________ - ______ _
1942 __________________________________________ _
1941 ______ ____________ - _______________ - - - ____ _

5.,021
5,042
5,066
5,107
5,136

81,794,833
70,400,945
58,972,352
44,718,965
41,314,635

12,389,133
11 ,229 ,680
9,190,143
10,901,795
10,922,483

51,019,901
42,288,523
33,728,578
18,643,388
14,954,794

317,612,951
s 16,059,164
3 15,227,391
s 14,316,563
14,521,658

1940 _________ - - ______ - _____ -- --- - ____ - _-- - _- __ _


1939 ___________________________________ - - - ____ _
1938 __________________________________________ _
1937 _________ -- ______ - _ - _____ - __ - ________ - ____ _
1936 __________________________________________ _

5,170
5,209
5,248
5,299
5,374

36,885,080
33 ,180,5.78
30,377,560
30,328,806
29,696,756

9,179,227
8,573,703
8,334,624
8,812,895
7,763,342

12,905,275
12,552,886
11,644,276
12,122,287
12,482,625

13,877,104
11 ,074,806
9,450,555
8,377,869
8,381,426

3,476,441
3,389,512
3,273,819
3,212,165
3,165,728

1935 _____________ - _-- - - - _____________ - __ - - ____ _


1934 ___________________ - ___ - ____________ -- ____ _
1933 _________________ - --_ --- ---- _______ - -- ____ _
1932 _________________ --- _________________ - ____ _
1931 ___________________ - ______________________ _

5,431
5,422
4,902
6,150
6,805.

26,056,473
23,900,184
20,855,579
22,360,!?29
27,642,698

7,368,717
7,697,743
8,119,772
Ie) ,286 ,377
13,185,275

10,716,386
9,348,553
7,371 ,631
7,196,652
7,674,837

6,868,221
5,696,965
4,118,946
3,485,861
4,933,636

3,086,418
3,001,033
2,856,554
3,279,848
3,625,131

222,095
698,293
730,435
652,168
639,304

22,518,246
19,932,660
16,774,115
17,460,913
22,198,240

1930 _________________ --- - - - - - --.- ______________ _


1929 ___________________ - _ - _ - __________________ _
1928 __________________ - - _- - - - - - - - _____________ _
1927 _______________________ - - - - - - _____________ _
1926 ____________________ -- - - - - --- ________ - ____ _

7,252
7,536
7,691
7,796
7,978

29,116,539
27,440,228
28,508,239
26,581,943
25,315,624

14,897,204
14,811,323
15,155,133
13,965,484
13,427,393

6,888,171
6,656,535
7,147,448
6,393,218
5,842,253

5,344,075
4,212,052
4,517,428
4,787,726
4,721,050

3,881,186
3,593,931
3,570,988
3,239,539
3,089,358

652,339
649,452
649,095
650,946
651,155

23,268,884
21,598,088
22,657,271
21,790,572
20,655,044

1925 __________________________ .:_ --- - - - _- -- ___ '_


1924 ______________________ ----- - ---- - --- -- ____ _
1923 ____________,_____________ - - - - - _- - - - - - - ____ _
1922 _______________________ - - - - - -. - - - - - - - - - - _-_
1921 _________________________ - ___ -- - -- ---- ____ _

8,072
8,085
8,241
8,249
8,154

24,350,863
22,565,919
21,511,766
20,706,010
20,517,862

12,683,419
11 ,988 ,803
11,828,101
11 ,257 ,412
12,014,485

5,705,230
5,107,221
5,031,774
4,517,953
3,921,927

4,722,411
4,387,505
3,591,045
3,905,967
3,475,644

2,970,074
2,916,245
2,875,712
2,848,456
2,796,291

648,494
729,686
720,001
725,748
704,147

19,921,796
18,357,293
16,906,549
16,328,820
15,148,519

1920. __________ - _____ -- - - __ - ___ ---- - - -- -- - - - - -1919 ___________________________ -- - _- - - - - -- - ---1918 ___________________________ -- -- - -- - -- - - - - -1917 ____________________________ ----- --- -- - - --1916 ____________________________ - - ___ - - - - - - - --

8,030
7,785
7,705
7,604
7,579

23,411 ,253
21,234,918
18,354,942
16,290,406
13,926,868

13,637,115
11 ,027,280
10,164,623
8,991,R09
7,769,096

4,050,896
4,811,488
3,837,494
2,962,286
2,320,871

4,416,117
4,325,187
3,515,335
3,703,900
3 ;313,062

2,622,075
2,363,478
2,249,793
2,198,553
2,103,288

688,178
677,162
681,631
660,431
676,116

17,166,570
15,941,926
14,047,849
12,798,915
10,963,030

4,472,553 ------------ 876,825,537


4,110,609 ------------ s 65,833,253
3,825,405 ------------ 3 54,769,361
3,679,492 ------------ 340,659,117
3,598,141 ------------ 37,351,303

---_ ... _--------------------------------------------------

33,074,407
29,469,469
26,815,894
26,765,913
26,200,453

See footnotes on next page.

263

Data: N 27-42

BANKING AND FINANCE

Series N 27-34.,-ASSETS AND LIABILITIES-NATIONAL BANKS: 1863 TO 1945-Con.


[Amounts in thousands of dollars]
SELECTED ASSETS

YEAR

Total
assets or
liabilities
(or total
resources)

Number
of banks

(June 30)

27
1915 __________________________________________ _
1914___________________________ ______________ _
1913 ________________________ _________________ _

7,605
7,525
7,473
7,372

Loans and
discounts
including
overdrafts

United States
Government
and other
securities 1

SELECTED LIABILITIES

Cash and
balances
with other
banks 2

Capital,
surplus,
and net
undivided
profits

Total
deposits

Circulation

28

29

30

31

32

6,665,145
6,445,555
6,162,034
5,973,754
5,634,236

2,026,496
1,871,401
1,846,475
1,823,033

2,105,363
2,049,714
2,045,668
1,984,398
1,933,134

722,704
722,555
722,125
708,691
681,740

8,821,241
8,563,751
8,143,929
8,064,193
7,675,740

33

34

..

11,795,685
11,482,191
11 ,036 ,920
10,861,764
10,883,049

1,725~529

2,676,151
2,771,621
2,659,942
2,715,449
2,692,325

1910 __________________________________________ _
1909 __________________________________________ _
1908 __________________________________________ _
1907 __________________________________________ _
1906 __________________________________________ _

7 ,145
6,926
6,824
6,429
6,053

9 ,896 ,625
9,471,733
8,714,064
8,476,501
7,784,228

5,455,902
5,061,199
4,640,380
4,664,014
4,236,925

1,576,343
1,612,978
1,519,647
1,362,280
1,241,338

2,549,865
2,504,822
2,265,136
2,157,921
2,071,704

1,850,970
1,744,075
1,667,803
1,604,104
1,491,293

675,633
641,312
613,664
547,919
510,861

7,257,038
7,009,225
6,330,521
6,190,385
5,692,805

1905 _________________________________________ -1904 __________________________________________ _


1903 __________________________________________ _
1902 ______ ___________________________________ _
1901 __________________________________________ _

5,668
5,331
4,939
4,535
4,165

7,327,806
6,655,989
6,286,935
6,008,755
5,675,910

3,929,537
3,621,814
3,442,305
3,246,517
2,981,053

' 1,204,576
1,096,301
1,025,464
944,930
885,570

1,982,884
1,740,996
1,633,065
1,685,429
1,681,502

1,406,858
1,349,016
1,285,690
1,184,368
1,062,459

445,456
399,584
359,261
309,337
319,009

5,407,455
4,836,024
4,561,884
4,468,058
4,250,281

1900 __________________________________________ _
1899 __________________________________________ _
1898 ___________________ - _____________________ -1897 __________________________________________ _
1896 __________________________________________ _

3,732
3,583
3,582
3,610
3,689

4,944,166
4,708,834
3,977,675
3,563,408
3,535,797

2,644,237
2,507,955
2,163,682
1,977,554
1,971 ,642

774,551
651,543
554,993
484,268
463,820

1,400,342
1,428,227
1,128,871
982,200
801,284

1,013,084
947,187
954,989
962,420
982,997

265,303
199,358
189,866
196,591
199,214

3,621,542
3,538,612
2,798,748
2,385,668
2,l40,953

1895 __________________ - ____________________ - _


1894 __________________________________________ _
1893 _______________________________ - _ - ______ . __ _
1892 __________________________________________ _
1891 __________________________________________ _

3,715
3,770
3,807
3,759
3,652

3,470,553
3,422,096
3,213,262
3,493,795
3; 113 ,415

2,016,640
1,944,441
2,020,484
2,127,757
1,963;705

447,l71
435,204
356,546
347,366
309,399

893,563
934,931
733,337
918,925
746,482

987,228
1,001,388
1,028,870
1,011,145
987,551

178,816
171,715
155,071
141,062
123,916

2,278,892
2,228,31(}
1,939,235
2,327,251
1,974,08&

1890 ________________________ ________________ _


1889 ________________________ ________________ _
1888 ________________________________ c _________ _
1887 _____ ____________________________________ _
1886 __ ____ - ______________________ - - - - - ______ -_

3,484
3,239
3,120
3,014
2,809

3,061,771
2,937,976
2,731,448
2,637,276
2,474,544

1,933,509
1;779,055
1,628,125
1,560,372
1,398,552

310,698
322,983
356,331
328,970
407,405

730,341
757,180
671 ,202
676,818
593,168

934,543
875,297
841,787
806,292
760,415

126,324
128,867
155,313
166,626
244,893

1,978,771
1,919,579
1,716-,215
1,650,149
1,459,240,

1885 __________________________________________ _
1884 _____________________________________ ____ _
1883 _____________________ - __ ________ - ________ _
1882 ________________ ____ - ____________________ _
1881. ______________________ .___________________ _

2,689
2,625
2,417
2,239
2,115

2',421,852
2,282,599
2,364,833
2,344,343
2,325,833

1,257,656
1,269,863
1,285,592
1,208,933
1,144,989

432,238
448,726
464,729
471,138
484,303

663,076
487,971
540,773
597,987
627,219

725,028
738,877
706,984
660,393
641,592

269,148
295,175
311 ,963
308,922
312,223

1,419,594
1,2R2,7&1
1,337,362
1,364,960'
1,364,386

1880 ______________________________ . _______' ____ _


1879 __________________________________________ _
1878 _________________ - __ - - ___________________ -_
1877 __________________________________________ _
1876 ____________ ______ - _-" _____ - - ___ - - ______ -_

2,076
2,048
2,056
2,078
2,091

2,035,493
2,019,885
1,750,465
1,774,353
1,825,761

994,713
835,875
835,078
901,731
933,687

451,494
714,717
460,213
431,044
427,417

517,529
397,962
387,502
370,915
399,846

624,455
615,369
629,055
656,21)7
678,900

318,088
307,329
299,621
290,002
294,445

1,085,140
1,090,110'
813,894
818,S60'
841,716,

1875..: _________________________________________ _
1874 _______ - ___________ - _- _____ - ___ - _ - - ______ -_
1873 _______ - ___________ - _- _____ - _- _- - - - - _____ -_
1872 _______ -- ______ -- --- --_ - ___ - - - -- - - - - _____ -1871 ________ ________ - _- - - _________ - _- _- ___ - _--

2,076
1,983
1,968
1,853
1,723

1,913,239
1,851,841
1,851,235
1,770,837
1,703,415

972,926
926,196
925,558
871,531
789,417

442,780
451,203
444,912
449,790
455,689

431,931
429,530
438,790
411,672
422,376

686,898
675,576
662,264
625,959
594,188

318,148
388,539
338,789
327,093
307,794

' 897,387
827,928,
836,227
805,397
791,066,

1870 ___________________ -_ - _____________ - ______ _


1869 _______________ ------- - ________ - - -- - ___ - ___ '
1868 _____ -_ -- ____ - - - - - - - - -- - _ - _- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1867 ___________ - ___ - --------_ - ___ ---- -- - ____ - -1866 __________________________________________ _

1,612
1,619
1,640
1,636
1,634

1,565,757
1,564,174
1,572,167
1,494,085
1,476,395

719,341
686,348
655,730
588,450
550,353

452,668
466,204
507,307
521,967
467,601

360,830
381,943
383,491
360,618
438,677

561,788
548,691
529,488
512,447
493,708

291,184
292,753
294,908
291,770
267,799

705,518
716,044
744,607
685,384
694,892

1865 _____ c _____________________________ - ______ _


1864 __________________________________________ _
1863 _______________________________________ '___ _

1,294
467
66

1,126,455
252,274
16,798

362,443
70,747
5,466

393,988
92,531
5,665

343,885
85,958
5,330

380,298
131,452
79,438
25,826
7,317 ... ----- ...

614,242
146,796
9,476

---

~~~~-_________________________________
- -- - - -- - -- - - --:- - - - - -- - -- - - - - - -- -________
-- -- - - --_

..l:1.L~

,""'

'7 '1'7'7
~

~_

~,.,

.;~

1 Includes securities borrowed prior to 1903.


2 Includes laWful reserve and, prior to 1915, includes also outside checks and
cash items, the amounts of which were not available separately.

_----

3 Excludes reciprocal interbank demand balances with banks in the United


States which at prior dates were reported "gross."

Series N 35-42.-ASSETS AND LIABILITIES,-NONNATIONAL BANKS: 1860 TO 194:5


[ Amounts in thousands of dollars. For data prior to IS60, see series N 19-26

SELECTED ASSETS

YEAR

(June 30)

Number
of banks

Total
assets or
liabilities
(or total
resources)

Loans and
discounts
including
overdrafts

Uniteo;l States
Government
and other
securities

SELECTED LIABILITIES

Cash and
balances
with other
banks

36

37

38

39

1945 ____________________ - - - - _______ - - - - - - __ - - -_


1944 _____________________ - ____________ --- _____ _
1943 __________________________________________ _
1942 _____________________ - - - _________ - - - - ____ - _
1941 _________ - _________ --- -- _______ - ----- ____ _

9,566
9,556
9,595
9,708
9,783

81,232,146
69,158,720
58,280,054
47,541,026
46,514,084

15,703,007
14,274,658
13,133,910
14,276,510
14,620,955

51,252,984
41,428,068
32,156,354
20,372,724
17,774,938

113,282,943
1 12,268,809
111,589,520
111 ,366 ,476
12,357,656

1940 __________________________________________ _
1939 _____________________ - ___________ --- - _____ _
1938 _________ - - ______ - - - - - - - ___ - _- - - - - - - - - - - _ - 1937 _________ - _____________ - ___ - _ - - - - - - - - - _- - - 1936 __________________________________ - - - - _ - - --

9,847
9,937
10,093
10,281
10,429

43,328,549
40,420,742
37,900,147
38,595,951
37,491,485

13,378,443
12,942,576
12,976,537
13,885,281
13,075,817

16,169,634
15,832,888
14,701,202
15,151,852
15,376,908

11 ,806,753
9,551,790
8,020,113
7,250,745
6.740,955

35

See footnotes on next page.

264

Capital,
surplus,
and net
undivided
profits

Circulation

Total
deposits

40

41

42

5,679,418 ----- --- ---- 175,107,154


5,244,892 -------- ---- 163,533,994
4,965,290 ------------ I 53,014,738
4,842,726 ------------ 142,370,458
4,926,378 -------- ---- 41,198,026
4,848,686 -----------4,904,696 -----------4,908,150 ----- ------5,024,266 -- ------ ---4 805,365 ------------

38,079,051
35,107,225
32,563,656
33,056,457
32,139,362

Data: N 35-42

BANKING STATISTICS

SeriesN 35-42.-ASSETS AND LIABILITIES-NONNATIONAL BANKS: 1860 TO 1945-Con.


Amounts in thousands of dollars. For data prior to 1860, see series N 19-26 J
SELECTED LIABILITIES

SELECTED ASSETS

YEAR (June 30)

Number
of banks

Total
assets or
liabilities
(or total
resources)

Loans and
discounts
including
overdrafts

35

36

37

United States
Government
and other
securities

Cash and
balances
with other
banks

Capital,
surplus,
and net
undivided
profits

Circulation

Total
deposits

3S

39

40

41

42

4,749,316
4,851,717
4,528,734
5,258,653
5,847,846

-------------------------------------------------------_... _---------

29,067,877
26,692,381
24,759,355
27,929,356
34,666,504

1935 _____ -- --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- ----- - ------- ----1934 _______ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1933 _______ -- - - - - -- -- -- - -- ---- --- ----- -- - -- ---1932 _______ - - - - - -- -- - - - -- - -- - --- - -- -- ---------1931 _____ -- - - - - - -- - --- -- - ----- - ----- --- -- ------

10,622
10,472
9,722
13,013
15,266

34,330,390
32,257,370
30,438,333
34,829,580
42,566,451

13,050,543
13,733,410
14,268,046
17,803,476
22,025,225

13,500,769
11 ,940 ,941
10,559,032
11 ,026 ,589
12,385,316

5,529,327
4,518,784
3,645,839
3,881,856
5,371,750

1930 _______ - - - ---- - - - --------- -- - - - --- - - ------192!L ____ - -- --- -- --- - -- -" - - -- -- - - - -------- - ---1928 _______ - -- - - -- ~ - -- - - - - - - --- -- - -.- - - - -- -- ---1927 _____ - - -- - - - - - - - - - -- --- - -- --- ---- ---- -- ---1926 _______ - - - - - - - -- - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - ~ - -- - - - - - - --

16,827
17,794
18,522
19,265
20,168

44,903,585
44,732,277
43,066,089
41,550,615
39,577,738

25,612,904
26,621,803
24,437,341
23,348,344
22,623,107

11 ,056 ,557
10,692,203
11 ,624,366
10,861,875
9,972,888

5,762,693
4,989,278
4,098,021
4,342,323
4,253,162

36,578,311
6,132,036
5,912,131 ------------ 36,312,553
5,326,424 ------------ 35,773,790
5,032,692 ------------ 34,960,735
4,719,084 ------------ 33,414,213

20,'769
21,263
21,937
22,140
22,658

37,706,174
34,578,771
32,523,145
29,719,357
29,153,528

21,073,990
19,359,419
18,459,327
16,501,393
16,761,088

9,669,669
9,086,417
8,602,844
7,984,242
7,356,842

4,310,954
3,838,374
3,518,079
3,332,154
3,375,113

4,380,410 ------------ 32,073,263


4,137,047 --~-=------- 29,351,735
3,930,294 ------------ 27,342,975
3,726,746 ------------ 24,799,532
3,560,445 -- .... --------- 23,516,468

22,109
21,338
21.175
20,319
19,934

29,667,855
26,380,529
22,371,497
20,836,357
18,344,370

17,263,796
14,061,698
12,426,598
11 ,674,130
10,164,481

7,201,060
7,177,605
5,784,381
4,990,752
4,443,610

3,421.762
3,438,058
2,924,218
3,125,810
2,730,037

3,331,908 ------------ 24,558,654


2,972 ,202 ------------ 21,744,046
2,762,360 ------------ 18,567,619
2,676,296 ------------ 17,671,244
2,505,844 --------- --- 15,499,471

19,457
19,240
)8,520
17,823
17,115

16,008,445
15,489,207
14,675,244
14,124,879
13,248,035

9,093,528
8,893,923
8,464,738
7,979,853
7,412,154

3,813,562
3,670,036
3,517,531
3,497,602
3,289,468

2,339,149
2,098,178
1,999,602
2,109,537
2,045,328

2,430,173
2,358,877
2,301,022
2,192,604
2,084,852

15,950
15,598
14,522
13,317
11,852

12,553,696
11,726,171
10,869,346
11,168,515
10,363,351

7,065,907
6,385,523
5,797,612
6,099,898
5,656,832

3,111 ,410
3,009,481
2,873,227
2,931,506
2,790,160

1,777,790
1,931,128
1,610,902
1,397,059
1,318,557

1,984,573 ------------ 10,327,137


9,658,994
1,905,605 -----------8,786,342
1,850,869 -----------9,167,830
1,731,833 -----------8,514,624
1,632,843 ------------

10,742
9.519
8,745
7,889
7,241

9,590,401
8,542,839
8,016,182
7,355,111
6,681,567

5,097,761
4,360,209
4,296,676
3,942,593
3,444,378

2,748,448
2,522,891
2,334,330
2,094,496
1,935,626

1,289,178
1,264,626
1,044,467
993,310
899,945

1,495,842 -----------1,404,359 -------- .--1,309,733 -- ..--------1,114,131 -----------969,268 ------------

7,925,346
7,028,901
6,617,260
6 ;157 ,534
5,6.15,841

6,650
6,149
! 5,918
(5,847
5,780

5,841.659
5,196,177
4,631,328
4,258,677
4,200,125

3,013,450
2,669,639
2,488,597
2,238,424
2,279,515

1,723,830
1,527,595
1,304,890
1,248,150
1,210,827

802,699
726,776
595,480
528,888
'465,061

2893,848
787,545
769,840
762,528
763,434

4,891,488
4,361,691
3,755,417
3,401,520
3,345,229

6,103
(5,738
5,685
85,577
4,989

4,138,991
3,868,475
3,979,009
3,751,649
3,448,785

2,252,283
2,140,628
2,348,193
2,209,132
2,067,319

1,118,159
1,010,248
1,009,605
936,327
889,994

5 548,464
/j538,388
5456,346
6 459,068
Ii 378,155

792,450
751,160
752,213
no ,110
661,373

------------- - - - - - -- - - ---------------.... --------------------------5-

4,717
4,005
3,527
3,156
1,529

3,295,855
3,006,931
2,739,010
2,556,047
2,067,851

1,920,024
1,698,541
1,533,091
1,382,937
1,035,232

862,505
806,225
774,776
682,129
644,154

5393,046
1387,147
5318,070
5322,243
179,949

1,661
1,488
1,418
1,333
1,312

2,004,978
1,938,690
1,843,271
1,686,802
1,543,291

1,014,580
990,841
947,947
841,520
757,048

609,786
592,409
563,062
583,771
500,995

1,279
1,287
1,173
1,306
1,357

1,363,452
1,292,796
1,330,203
1,429,665
1,357,256

667,543
671 ,479
726,141
819,307
793,491

1,260
61,569
61,330
566
452

1,291,427
1,038,634
880,111
374,558
299,117

325
259
247
272
297

1925 _____ - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1924 ____ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1923 _____ - _ ------ - --- ---- ---- -- ------ - - - - - -- - -1922 _____ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.- - -.- - - - - - - - - - - - - -1921 _____ - --- - --- - - - - - - -- - - - ----.--- - - ----- --- -1920 ______ - --- -- - - - -- - -- ~--- ----- - - - ----- - -- --1919 _____ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1918 ____._ - - - -- - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - -- -- - - - -1917 ____ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - '-1916 ____ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1915 ____ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1914 _____ - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1913 ____ - - - - - - - - - -- - ------- ---- ---- - - --- -- --- -1912 _____ - - - - --- - - - -- --- --- - --- - - - - - --- -- - ----1911 _____ - - -.- - - - - - - - --- _.-- -- -- -- - - ---- -'- - - - ---1910 _______ - ---- - - - - - -- - --- -~---- - - - - -- - - - -- --1909 ________ -- - - - - - -'- ----- -- -- -- - - - - - - - - - -- -- -1908 ______ -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -- - - - - - - - - - -- ----1907 ____ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1906 ____ ---- -- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - ---- - ---- ---- -- ---1905 ____._ - -- - - - - - - - -- - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - --

i~g~= === ==== == = ==

==

= -'-==--==
=====.=
==- =
1902 ________ --- =
- -- --=
-=
-=
------=
--=-==---=
-=
- -==
--=
1901 _______ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1900 _____ -- ~ - - - - - - -- - --- - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -1899 ____ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1898 _______ ~_ -- - -- - --- ------- -- -- - --- --- ------1897 _____ ---.-- - - - - --- --------------- -- - ---- - - -1896 ______ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1895 ____ - - ---- - --- -- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1894 _____ ----- ---- - -- ----- -- ---- - --- -- ------ --1893 _____ -- - - - -- --- - - - --- --- -- -- - -- - -- ----- ---1892 ___' __ --- - - - - -- -- -- -- - - - -- - - - -- --- - - -- - --- -1891 _____ --- -- - -- - -- - - - - -- -- -- --- - - --- -- - - ----1890 2 ____ - - -- ___ -- - - - -- - - - - - - - -- - - -- - -- - - - - - - -1889 2____ -- -- ____ ---- -- _.- - - - -- - - - - ---- ---- - - - -1888 _____ - - --.- - -- - - - - -- -- - - - - - -- - ---- - --- - ----1887 __ ~ _- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1886_ - __ - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - --- - - -1885 _____ - -- ---- -- ---- - -- -- - ---- - -- ------- - - - -1884 ____ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1883 ___ - -- - --- - - - - -- --- --- -- --- - - - --- -- ----- - -1882 _____ - -- - --- - -------- --- -- -- - - - -- - --- --- --1881 ___ - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1880 ____ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1879 _____ - - -- - - - - - - -- - ---------- -- - -- ------ -- -1878_ --- -- .. -- .. - - - -- - --- - --- --- - - -- - -- -- - - -- - --1877 _________ . --------------------------------1876-- --- - - -- -- - - - - --- -- - --- -- -- ---- - ------- - -1875. - - - - - - - - -.- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1874_ ---- - - -- -- -- -- - -- -- --- - -- -- - - - - - ---- - -- - -1873_ - --- - - --- --- -- - - - ----- - ---- - - ------ --- - - -1872 7_________ - - - -- - -- - - - - - - - - -------- - -- -- - - -1871 7________ ___ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. -1870
1869
1868
1867
1866

7 ____________ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -7 ______________________ - - - -- - - - - - - - -- --- --7______________________ - - - -- -- ---- - - - - - - - -7 _________________ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7____________________ - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1865 7 _______ .. _____ .. _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1864 7_______________ -- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - -- -- --- - - - 1863_ - __ - - _-- - - - -- - --,- - - -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --- -1862 ____ - - __ -- - ---- - -- -- - - -- - - -- - - - - - - - --- - - --1861_ - _- - - _ - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1860 _- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

----------------------.:.------------------------~--------

12,310 ,428
12 '796,091
11 ,994,624
11 ,655,095
10,905,735

10
137
111

3,259,742
3,039,359
3,126,187
2,970,209
2,708,609

623,584
552,374
505,779
452,756
315,964

120
12'0
169
231
103

2,597,662
2,390,937
2,174,881
2,068,490
1,726,939

212,877
190,381
170,968
157,109
154,341

314,889
297,273
266,408
240,216
222,822

98
177
188
286
275

1,658,559
1,615,793
1,546,615
1,412,461
1,284,676

452,699
423,906
414,265
420,569
390,797

137,882
106,848
105,005
112,387
102,732

201,070
211,270
196,431
218,687
185,088

283
389
g88
388
388

1,136,966
1,059,082
1,107,004
1,187,889
1,151,314

775,083
638,187
514,319
251,507
200,850

359,164
280,797
276,436
29,720
23,734

94,656
80,304
47,775
77,983
62,277

159,861
113,826
86,191
122,129
111,444

178
153
175
78,185
62,438

1,111,233
912,121
788,956
121,180
96,773

215,073
171,397
163,456
180,000
196,544

144,416
llrJ,089
109,757
120,866
131,974

17,066
13,600
12,970
14,2S2
15,595

44,778
35,685
34,031
37,476
40,921

86,513
66,969
66,364
65,204
66,479

44,894
35,777
34,120
37,573
41,026

69,582
55,452
52,883
58,235
63,588

349
1,089
1,466
1,492
1,601

230 :956
720,661
1,191,750
1,012,149
1,015,859

155,081
483,906
648,602
646,678
696,778

18,326
57,183
180,50S
99,011
74,005

48,085
150,042
302,497
220,485
197,670

71,182
311 ,554
405,046
418,140
429,593

48,210
150,431
238,677
183,792
202,006

74,721
233,155.
494,213
357,466
318,505

691,946

70,344

195,664

421,880

309,735

' 999,859

207,102

1,562

1 Excludes reciprocal interbank demand balances with banks in the United States,
which at pr;[)T dates were reported "gross".
2 Revised.
$ Revised. Source volume does not show adjustments for component series
N 43-48.
4 Component series on number of banks (N 43-48) do not add to this figure;
reason not clear.
748706-49-18

Includes cash items.


.
Number of banks estimated.
All figures estimated except number of banks and capital stock, using as a basis
the previous 10 years, 1854 to 1863, inclusive.
5
6
7

265

Data: N 43-59

BANKING AND FINANCE

Series N 43-48.-ASSETS AND LIABILITIES-SAVINGS BANKS, STATE COMMERCIAL BANKS,


AND PRIVATE BANKS: 1875 TO 1945
[ Amounts in thousands of dollars 1

SAVINGS BANKS

STATE COMMERCIAL
BANKS

PRIVA TE BANKS

YEAR

(June 30
except as
indicated)

Number
of banks

Total
assets or
liabilities

Number
of banks

Total
assets or
liabilities

Number
of banks

43

44

45

46

47

YEAR

Total
assets or
tiabilities

(June 30)

48

1945 1
(Dec. 31)
1944
(Dec. 30)
1943
(Dec. 31)

537 13,023,856

8,989 50,349,923

49

216,282

1942 _____
194L ____

538 11,655,913
550 11,996,107

9,119 35,690,064
9,179 34,334,642

51
54

195,049
183,335

1940 _____
1939 _____
1938 _____
1937 _____
1936 _____

551
552
562
564
566

11,952,218
11,798,804
11,572,024
11 ,644,741
11,409,056

9,239
9,321
9,458
9,632
9,732

31,193,917
27,846,706
25,715,715
26,154,156
25,355,515

57
64
73
85
131

182,414
775,232
628,075
805,101
731,171

1935 _____
1934 _____
1933 _____
1932 _____
193L ____

571
578
576
594
600

11,172,520
11,065,068
10,967,143
11,134,142
11,191,788

9,808
9,658
8,962
12,192
14,382

22,442,641
20,660,593
19,427,361
23,687,860
31,292,518

243
236
184
227
284

716,831
532,672
46,913
55,418
82,145

1930 _____
1929 _____
1928 _____
192L ____
1926 _____

606 10,295,308
611 10,006,452
616 9,688,159
618 9,011 ,185
620 8,422,307

15,860
16,792
17,502
18,180
19,053

34,493,671
34,569,335
33,229,096
32,375,282
30,981,279

361
391
404
467
495

114,606
156,490
148,834
164,148
174,152

534 16,987,142

9,003 70,555,208

38

272,969

535 14,761,294

8,971 61,001,400

42

234,631

1925 _____
1924_____
1923 _____
1922 _____
192L ____

611
613
618
619
623

7,913,039
7,364,656
6,904,825
6,351,648
6,040,121

19,635
20,090
.20,715
20,848
21,327

29,637,912
27,063,172
25,452,804
23,182,178
22,938,101

523
560
604
673
708

1920 _____
1919 _____
1918 _____
1917_____
1916 _____

620
622
625
622
622

5,619,017
5,171,551
4,818,560
4,811,038
4,547,942

20,690
19,699
19,459
18,761
18,298

23,836,212
20,942,856
17,316,370
15,827,382
13,614,576

799
1,017
1,091
936
1,014

212,626
266,122
236,566
197,937
181,852

1915 _____
1914 _____
1913 _____
1912 1 ____
1911 1____

630
634
623
630
1,884

4,319,383
4,252,989
4,104,640
3,929,092
4,652,313

17,791 11,511 ,396


17,542 11,039,669
16,881 10,387,819
16,083 9,998,846
14,115 8,412;897

1,036
1,064
1,016
1,110
1,116

177,666
196,549
182,785
196,940
182,824

155,223
150,943165,516
185,531
175,306

STATE COMMERCIAL
BANKS

SAVINGS BANKS

PRIVATE BANKS

Number
of banks

Total
assets or
liabilities

Number
of banks

Total
assets or
liabilities

Number
of banks

Total
assets or
liabilities

43

44

45

46

47

48

1910 _____
1909 _____
1908 _____
190L ____
1906 ___ ~_

1,759
1,703
1,453
1,415
1,319

- 4,481,871
4,072,710
3,809,533
3,782,873
3,583,024

1905 _____
1904- ____
1903 _____
1902 _____
190L ____

1,237
1,157
1,078
1,036
1,007

1900 _____
1899 _____
1898 _____
1897 _____
1896 _____
1895 _____
1894 _____
1893 _____
1892 _____
189L ____

13,257
12,398
12,062
10,761
9,604

7,911,809
7,407,204
6,898,271
7,190,610
6,636,281

934
1,497
1,007
1,141
929

160,016
246,256
161,541
195,032
144,046

3,368,280
3,175,258
3,057,149
2,893,173
2,756,505 -

8,477
7,508
6,493
5,814
5,317

6,056,888
5,244,032
4,789,983
4,292,573
3,775,958

1,028
854
1,174
1,089
917

165,233
123,550
169,050
169,364
149,104

1,002
942
934
980
988

2,624,874
2,400,831
2,241,345
2,198,824
2,143,307

4,659
4,451
4,211
4,103
3,968

3,089,996
2,707,559
2,298,547
1,981,899
1,962,470

989
756
758
759
824

126,789
87,787
91,436
77,953
94,348

1,017
1,025
1,030
1,059
1,011

2,053,764
1,980,744
2,013,775
1,964,045
1,854,517

4,016
3,810
3,807
3,359
2,743

1,954,609
1,782,352
1,857,390
1,640,943
1,442,622

1,070
904
848
1,161
1.235

130,617
105,379
107,843
146,662
151,646

1,374,613
1,237,304
1,055,361
1,003,908
807,011

1,358
1,324
1,203
1,001
---- .. _----

165,200
142,961
163,713
174,478

1890 _____
1889 _____
1888 _____
188L ____
1886 _____

801 1;519;936
684 1,377,661
638 1,260,841

~~~ li:~i~:~g

2,250
1.791
1;523
1,471
891

1885 _____
1884 _____
1883 _____
1882 _____
188L __.__

646
636
630
629
629

1,203,026
1,177,741
1,118,791
1,052,982
967,791

1,015
852
788
704
683

1880 _____
1879 _____
1878 _____
1877 _____
1876 _____

629
639
663
675
686

881,677
865,147
941,447
922,795
951,354

650
648
510
631
671

481,774
427,649
388,755
506,870
405,902

-----------------------------------------_ .. _--

------------------------------ -_ .. ----

1875 1__ ._

674

896,197

586

395,229 --------- ..

----------

----------

801,952
---------760,949 ---------- ---------724,480 ---------- ---------633,820 ---------- ---------575,500 ---------- .. -- --- --_ ..
----~-----

------"----

1 Stock savings banks are included in series N 43-44 for 1875-1911, but in series N 45-46 for 1912-1945. For separate figures for stock savings banks, 1912-1935,
see annual reports of Comptroller of Currency.

Series N 49-59.-ASSETS AND LIABILITIES-ALL MEMBER BANKS OF THE FEDERAL


RESERVE SYSTEM AND NONMEMBER COMMERCIAL BANKS: 1915 TO 1945
[ Amounts in millions of dollars. Nonmember commercial banks are those commercial banks which are not members of the Federal Reserve System 1
ALL MEMBER BANKS

Selected assets
YEAR

(June 30 except as
indicated)

NONMEMBER COMMERCIAL BANKS

Selected liabilities

Number
of banks

Total
assets or
liabilities

Loans

Investments

Cash and
balances
with
other banks

Capital
accounts

Deposits

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

Number
of banks

Loans

Investments

Deposits

56

57

58

59

1945 ________________
1 944 ________________
1943 ________________
1942 ________________
1 941 ________________
1 940 ________________
1 9.39 ________________
________________
1938
937 ________________
1 936 ________________
1

6,840
6,773
6,703
6,647
6,556

1126,436
1108,684
190,821
1 69,946
64,857

20,588
18,084
14,823
16,928
16,729

78,838
65,503
52,332
29,872
23,930

25,766
23,797
22,310
21,,721
22,690

7,276
6,696
6,252
5,991
5,800

118,378
101,276
84,016
63,404
58,512

7,163
7,239
7,373
7,584
7,752

3,087
2,929
2,840
3,334
3,627

12,005
9,226
6,647
3,522
3,346

18,242
14,869
12,076
8,915
8,969

6,398
6,330
6,338
6,357
6,400

57,846
51,908
47,144
47,452
46,524

13,969
13,141
12,938
14,285
12,542

20,482
19,462
17,783
18,454
19,717

21,830
17,623
14,815
12,986
12,463

5,608
5,496
5,368
5,339
5,235

51,729
45,873
41,308
41,490
40,706

8,006
8,201
8,399
8,619
8,843

3,445
3,282
3,115
3,147
3,017

3,252
3,482
3,273
3,586
3,264

8,410
7,916
7,275
7,607
7,207

1 935 ________________
1 934 ________________
1 933 ________________
1 932 ________________
1 931 ________________

6,410
6,375
5,606
6,980
7,782

40,719
37,383
33,039
35,856
44,837

11,928
12,523
12,858
16,587
21,816

16,857
14,652
11,928
11 ,414
12,106

10,120
8,250
6,241
5,645
8,089

5,114
5,105
4,837
5,661
6,430

34,938
31,012
26,564
27,836
36,123

9,068
8,978
8,343
11 ,469
13,527

2,981
3,177
3,491
5,219
7,350

2,822
2,390
2,080
2,871
3,581

6,381
5,732
5,347
7,648
10,851

930 ________________
1
________________
1 929
928
________________
1
1 927 ________________
926
________________
1

8,315
8,707
8,929
9,099
9,375

47,349
45,454
44,655
42,600
40,638

25,214
25,658
24,303
22,938
22,060

10,442
10,052
10,758
9,818
9,123

8,981
7,173
7,238
7,821
7,383

6,726
6,345
5,625
5,147
4,832

38,069
35,866
36,050
35,393
33,762

14,936
15,797
16,401
17,050
17,860

9,325
10,080
9,732
9,240
9,389

3,911
3-,634
3,729
3 ;127
2,970

12,642
13,170
13,165
12,388
12,491

Excludes reciprocal bank balances.

266

Data: N 49-67

BANKING STATISTICS

Series N 49-59.-ASSETS AND LIABILITIES-ALL MEMBER BANKS OF THE FEDERAL


RESERVE SYSTEM AND NONMEMBER COMMERCIAL BANKS: 1915 TO 1945-Con.
[Amounts in millions of dollars. Nonmember commercial banks are those commercial banks not members of the Federal Reserve System 1
ALL MEMBER BANKS

YEAR

(June 30 except as
indicated)

Total
assets or
liabilities

Number
of banks

Loans

Investments

Cash and
balances
with
other banks

Capital
accounts

51

NONMEMBER COMMERCIAL BANKS

Selected liabilities

Selected assets

Deposits

Number
of banks

Loans

Investments

56

Deposits

52

53

54

57

58

1925 ________________
1924 ________________
1923 ___________ ____
1922 ________________
1921 ________________

9,538
9,650
9,856
9,892
9,745

38,946
35,717
33,666
31,593
30,849

20,655
19,204
18,750
17,165
18,119

8,863
7,963
7,757
7,017
6,002

7,421
6,866
5,530
5,901
5,144

4,690
4,486
.4,367
4,214
4,133

32,457
29,566
27,088
25,547
23,350

18,320
18,722
19,345
19,566
20,043.

8,905
8,440
8,173"
7,487
7,954

2,810
2,524
2,428
2,224
2,144

12,095
11 ,090
10,637
9,558
9,637

1920 ________________
1919 ________________
1918 ________________
1917 (June 20) _______

9,399
8,822
8,213
7,653
7,606
7,615

33,618
29,735
24,365
16,987
14,227
11 ,887

19,533
15,414
13,233
9,370
7,964
6,720

6,026
6,827
5,274
3,083

6,255
6;075
4,705
3,905
:3 ,419
2,713

3,853
3.,350
3,002
2,307

25,401
22,833
18,981
13,397
11 ,183
8,894

19,688
19,037
19,244
19,178

8,570
6,949
6,840
8,815
7,804
6,799

2,165
2,570
2,033
2,595
2,292
1,910

10,713
9,906
9,030
12,488
10,946
9,099

50

49

t~t~-(J.;;;235::::::: I

~:~~! I

55

~ Ji! I

1Rfl11

IS :260

59

Series N 60-67.-EARNINGS AND EXPENSES-NATIONAL BANKS: 1869 TO 1945


[ Amounts in thousands of dollars 1

Number of
banks 2

YEAR 1

Gross
earnings

34

Expenses 3

Net current
earnings 3 ,

62

63

Net losses
including
depreciation
(-) or net
recoveries

Net profits

Cash
dividend
declared

Ratio of net
profits to total
capital
accounts

66

67

(+)34

60

61

64

5,023
5,031
5,046
5,087
5,123

1,349,222
1,206,263
1,061,763
962,837
925,663

5987.254
.1846 ;084
5746,434
695,034
641.648

5361.968
.5360 ;179
5315,329
267,803
284,015

5,150
5,193
5,230
5,266
5,331

864,749
848,419
837,857
859,094
824,933

599,444
581,264
577,272
586,221
565,013

265,305
267,155
260,585
272.873
259,920

1935 _____________________ - _____________________


1934 ___________________________________________
1933 _____________________ _____________________
1932 ___________________________________________
1931 ___________________________________ - _______

5,392
5,467
5,159
6,016
6,373

794,156
808,776
801,525
1,000,226
1,153,145

549,148
557,667
565,133
750,210
850,042

245,008
251,109
236,392
250,016
303,103

-522,508
-414,753
-357,653

1930 ___________________________________________
1929 ___________________________________ - _______
1928 ___________________________________________
1927 ___________________________ -- ______________
1926 ______________________ - _____ - ______________

7,038
7,408
7,635
7,765
7,912

1,325,404
1,406,544
1,351,356
1,227,018
1,211 ,657

989,842
988,403
988,314
919,316
857,252

335,562
418,141
363,042
307,702
354,405

8,054
8,049
8,184
8,225
8,169

1,160,255
1,094,412
1,064,822
1,042,979
1,121,158

822,669
776,435
758,138
717,349
774,657

337,586
317,977
306,684
325,630
346,501

8,130
7,890
7,705
7,604
7,579

1,210,839
992,714
813,997
667,406
590,642

817,481
670,622
510,185
410,753
370,902

393,358
322,092
303,812
256,653
219,740

1915 _____________________________ - _____________


1914 ___ '- _________________________________ .; _____
1913 _____________________________ - _____________
1912 _____________________ -. _____________________
1911 ___________________ - _ - - ____________________

7,605
7,525
7,473
7,372
7,277

527,985
515,624
499,252
450,043
428,973

322,450
301,424
284,516
258,730
232,062

205,535
214,200
214,736
191,313
196,911

1910 ___________________ -- - - ____________________


1909_" ____________________ - ____________________
1908 ___________________ - - - - __ - ___ - _____________
1907 6_ ---- _ -- -- __ -- __ -- -- _ ----- ---- ---- _ -- ----1906 _____________________ --- -- - -- - -- ---- - ______

7,145
6,926
6,824
6.429
6,053

402,666
348,674
332,454
314,701
279,312

209,784
177,035
150,551
131,544
120,448

192,882
171 ,639
181,903
183,157
158,864

1905 ______________________ - - - - - - -- _____________


1904 _____________________ - - - - - - - - - _- - - - ________
1903 ______________________ - - - - - - - - - - - - ________
1902 ___ :.. _________________ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _______
1901 ______________________ - - _- - - - - - - - - - - _______

5,668
5,331
4,939
4,535
4,165

248,585
249,411
234,584
221,278
188,267

112,206
103,050
93,122
85,235
77,667

136,379
146,361
141,462
136,043
110,600

--

1900 ______________________ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _-1899 _______________________ - __ - - - - - - - - - - - ______


1898 _______________________ - ____ -------- -- ----1897 _______________________ - __ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _-1896 ______________________ ,. - _- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - --

3.732
3,583
3,582
3,610
3,689

193,650
156,520
143,394
137,728
142,443

72,714
68,498
62,182
61,153
61,006

120,936
88,022
81,212
76,575
81,437

--

.J..i;1':i:fJ
10A~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

1944 ___________________________________________
1943 ___________________________________________
1942 ___________________________________________
1941 ___________________________________________
1940 ___________________________________________
1939 ___________________________________________
1938 ___________________________________________
1937 ___________________________________________
1936 ___________________________________________

1925 ___________________________________________
1924 ___________________________________________
1923 ___________________________________________
1922 ___________________________________________
1921 __________ ._________________________________
1920 _________________________.__________________
1919 ________________.___________________________
1918 _____________________________ - _____ - ______ .:
1917 _____________ " _____________________________
1916 ___________________________________________

65

+128,165
51,665
+ 35,128
+ 24,460
- 14,720

490,133
411,844
350,457
243,343
269,295

155.656
144,308
131,515
127,860
132,621

11.0
10.0
9.1
6.6
7.5

- 23,840

241,465
251,576
198,649
228,021
313,826

133,349
131,178
122,725
121,763
120,016

7.0
7.4
6.1
7.1
10.0

158,491
-153,451
-286,116
-164,737
54,550

113,239
91,018
71,664
135,381
193 ;196

5.1
-5.2
-9.9
-5.0
-1.5

-177,151
-126,197
- 72,061
50,192
-109,195

158,411
291,944
290,981
257,510
245,210

211 ,272
226,662
195,061
183,768
168,587

4.0
7.8
8.2
7.9
8.0

93,178
--104,017

244,408
213,960
194,560
210,942
180,894

163,289
155,026
151,569
160,601
152,772

8-2
7.4
6.7
7.4
6.5

162,119
134,831
129,778
125,538
114,725

9.9
10.5
9.4
8.8
7.5
6.0
7.3
7.9
7.5
8.1

15,579
61,936
44,852
53,906

86,517
--404,560

-112,124
-114,688
-165,607
-132,299

62.332
62,196

261,059
249,457
212,332
194,321
157,544

--

78,440
64,930
53,756
42,256
39,926

127,095
149,270
160,980
149,057
156,985

113,639
120,947
119,906
120,301
114,685

38,714

50,568
30,922
31,337

154,168
131,186
131,335
152,235
127,527

105,899
92,993
97,336
99,728
89,265

8.3.
7.5
7.9.
711.4
8.6

33,425
31,580
29,462
28,746

105,909
112,936
109,882
106,581
81,854

73,138
75,589
63,566
68,199
51,700

7.5
8.4
8.6
9.0
7.7

33,659
33,675
31,179
32,301
31,695

87,277
54,347
50,033
44,274
49,742

48,033
46,692
44,292
42,394
45,526

8.6
5.7
5.2
4.6
5.1

- 72,635
- 91,480

- 40,453

- 30,470

See footnotes on next page.

267

BANKING AND FINANCE

Data: N 60-75

Series N 6o-67.-EARNINGS

Al~D EXPEl~SES-NATIOt.JAL

BANKS: 1869 TO 1945-Con.

[ Amounts in thousands of dollars 1

Number of
banks 2

YEAR J

Gross
earnings

3 4

61

60

Net current
earnings S 4

Net losses
including
depreciation
(-) or net
recoveries
(+) S4

Net profits

Cash
dividend
declared

Ratio of net
profits to total
capital
accounts

62

63

64

65

66

61

Expenses

1895 _______ - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1894 _______ -_ - --- -- -- - -- - --- - - - - - - --- - - - - - - - - -1893 ____________ ------- --~- --- ------ - - - -- - - - .-1892 _____ - - - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1891 ____ - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

3,715
3,770
3,807
3,759
3,652

135,459
139,725
151,695
148,559
151,334

59,990
59,683
60,909
58,682
55,035

75,469
80,042
90,786
89,877
96,299

- 28,602
- 38,087
- 22,035
- 23,219
- 20,585

46,867
41,955
68,751
66,658
75,764

45,970
45,333
49,633
50,401
50,795

4.8
4.2
6.7
6.6
7.7

1890 _____ --- - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1889 _______ - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1888 ______ -- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - --1887_______ - _ - - - - -- -- - -- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - --- -1886 _________ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

3,484
3,239
3,120
3,014
2,809

144,614
135,324
129,148

51,266
49,755
45,301

93,348
85,569
83,847

72,056
69,618
65,360
64,507
55,166

51,159
46,618
45,532
44,153
42,413

7.7
8.0
7.8
8.0
7.3

1885 _______ - - _- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1884 _______ - - - - - - - .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1883 ___________ -- - -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- -1882 ________ -- - - - - - - - - - - -.- - - - -- - -- --- - - - - - - - - -1881 _______ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

2,689
2,625
2,417
2,239
2,115

43,625
52,363
54,007
53,332
53,623

40,656
41,255
40,679
40,792
38,378

6.0
7.1
7.6
8.1
8.4

1880 ____________ ---- -- - - --- - --- ------ --- - -----1879 _______ - - _- - ---- ---- - - - - -- - - - -- - -- -- - - -- --1878 ___________ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1877 ___________ - -- ----- - - - - --- - - -- -- ----- -----1876 _________ - --- ------- - - - -- -- - - -- ---- - - - -- ---

2,076
2,048
2,056
2,078
2,091

45,186
31,552
30,606
34,867
43,638

36,411
34,943
36,941
43,921
47,376

4.9

5.3
6.4

1875 ________ - ___ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1874 ____________ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1873 ___________ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1872 __________ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - ---- -1871 _______ - - - ------- - - ----- - - -- -- - - ------ -- ---

2,076
1,983
1,968
1,853
1,723

57,936
59,581
65,048
58,076
54,558

49,069
48,459
49,649
46,687
44,330

8.8
9.8
9.3
9.2

i~~~-c===== ===::== === == ===== ====== === ======== =I

1,612/ ___________________________________
____________ .1_ - -- - -- --- - -1'- ------ -----/------ -----/_
1,619
___________

55,811 /
29,221

42,559\
21,768

21,292
15,951
18,487

1 Calendar year, 1919-1945; fiscal year ending June 30, 1907-1918; fiscal year
ending August 31, 1869-1906.
2 Number as of end of period.
., Not available prior to 1888.
The figures of gross and net current earnings before 1927 include profits on
securities sold; such profits durIng the second half of 1926, when first reported
separately, were $17,388,000. The figures of gross and net earnings up to and including the :fiscal year ending June 1919 also includes recoveries on charged-off
assets; such recoveries in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919, were $21,066,000.

7.2
5.1

8.4

9.9
710.7

Ii These figures differ from those shown in the source volume because, beginning
in 1943, income taxes in the source volume are shown separately from other expenses and as a deduction from net current earnings. In this series income taxes have
been treated as an expense throughout .
6 10 months only .
7 Annual basis.
86 months only.

Series N 68-75.-EARNINGS AND EXPENSES-MEMBER BANKS OF FEDERAL RESERVE


SYSTEM: 1919 TO 1945
[ Amounts in thousands of dollars J

YEAR

Number of
banks

Earnings

Expenses

69

70

1945 _________ - - ____ - - - -- - - - - - - -- - -- - - - - - - -- - - -1944 _______________ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1943 _________________ - _ - - - - - _- - - - - _- - - - - - - - - - -1942 ___________________ - - - - - _ - _ - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -1941 ________ -- - __ - _____ ---- - - - - -- ---- --- ---- - --

6,884
6,814
6,738
6,679
6,619

2,102,177
1,873,768
1,650,170
1,486,734
1,416,866

21,537,695
21,310,448
21,154,278
21,069,086
987,917

2564,482
2563,320
2495,892
2417,648
428,949

1940 __________ ~ ___________ - - ---- ------ --- -----1939 __________ - _______ -- - - - - - - - -- ------- ---- --1938 _____________ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1937 _______ .___ - __ - - --- - - - -- - --- - -- - - - - --- -- -- -1936 _____________ - - --- - -- - --- - -- - - --- ---- -- - - --

6,486
6,362
6,338
6,341
6,376

1,323,049
1,295,856
1,274,354
1,321,265
1,270,908

921,021
894,755
890,036
902,415
872,114

1935 ______________ - -- - - - - - - - - -- - -- - - - - - -- - - - - -1934 __ .________________ - -- - --- -- - -- --- - -- - - - - --1933 _______________ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1932 ________________ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1931 _________ - ____ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

6,387
6,442
6,011
6,816
7,246

1,206,649
1,243,873
1,236,864
1,553,618
1,841,424

1930 ___________________ - - -- - - ____ - - - _--- -- - - --1929 _________________ - - - -- - -- -- -- - -- - - -- - - - - - -1928 _________ - - - ___ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1927 _'________ - - - _____ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1926 _________________ - - - - - - - - __ - -- - - - - -- - - - - - --

8,052
8,522
8,837
9,034
9,260

1925 _______________ -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - --- - - - - - - - --1924 _________ - _________ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1923 _______ - _- - - ___ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1922 ___________________ - - - - - - - __ - - - - - - -- - - --- -1921 _________ - - - _____ -- - ------ - -- --- - - --- -----192
~
1919 ___________________ - --- - - ___ ------- - - ------

68

_______________________ -- _____ -------__ ---

71

72

Net profits

73

Cash
dividends
declared 1

Ratio of net
profits to totaF
capital
accounts

74

75

+223,929
+ 85,950
+ 61,361
34,584
39,186

788,411
649,270
557,253
383,064
389,763

203,007
210,618

10.9
9.7
8.8
6.4
6.7

402,028
401,101
384,318
418,850
398,794

52,919
53,624
-118,854
82,290
+ 66,523

349,109
347,477
265,464
336,560
465,317

210,480
207,026
198,285
201,001
198,663

6.2
6.3
4.9
6.3
8.9

832,515
849,389
859,300
1,143,384
1,335,379

374,134
394,484
377,564
410,234
506,045

-162,256
-618,985
-733,394
-665,121
-493,784

211 ,878
-224,501
-355,830
-254,887
12,261

186,810
172,659
150,244
245,074
334,966

4.1
-4.4
-7.3
-4.5
0.2

2,157,922
2,398,993
2,194,024
2,013,570
2,027,752

1,604,335
1,683,720
1,613,811
1,515,704
1,441,745

553,587
715,273
580,213
497,866
586,007

-247,085
-158,759

76,345
- 50,857
- 154,524

306,502
556,514
503,868
447,009
431,483

366,953
387,393
317,713
298,744
276,856

4.6
8.8
9.0
8.7
9.0

9,489
9,587
9,774
9,859
9,779

1,918,754
1,787,051
1,719,887
1,652,359
1,743,963

1,367,732
1,280,889
1,232,990
1,145,960
1,210,271

551,022
506,162
486,897
506,399
533,692

S 131,324
B 144,641
- 8149,833
- 3157,213
- 8240,318

419,698
361,521
337,064
349,186
293,374

264,651
250,434
243,010
247,288
232,943

9.0
8.1
7.7
8.3
7.1

9,606
9,066

1,803,828
1,436,140

1,227,310
981,408

576,518
454,732

- 8180,073
g 103,243

396,445
351,489

238,439
197,287

10.4

J Includes interest on capital notes and debentures.


, These figures differ from those shown in the source volume because, beginning
in 1942, income taxes in the source volume are shown separately from other expenses and as a deduction from net current earnings. In this table, income taxes

268

Net losses (-)


or net re
coveries
(+)

Net current
earnings

245,934
226,002
20R,368

10.2

have been treated as an expense throughout.


3 From 1919 to 1926, profits on securities sold are included in earnings and excluded from calculation of net recoveries; from 1927 to 1945, however, profits on
securities are included with recoveries.

BANKING STATISTICS

Data: N 76-85

Series N 76-85.-BANK DEBITS AND DEPOSIT TURNOVER: 1919 TO 1945


[ In millions of dollars J
BANK DEBITS TO DEPOSIT ACCOUNTS, EXCEPT
INTERBANK ACCOUNTS, REPORTING MEMBER AND
NONMEMBER BANKS J
YEAR

All reporting
centers

New York
City

140 other
centers

Other
reporting
centers j

76

77

78

79

1945 __________________
1944 __________________
1943 __________________
1942 __________________
1941 __________________

974,102
891,910
792,937
4641,778
537,343

1940 __ '________________
1939 __________________
1938 __________________
1937 __________________
1936 __________________

445,863
423,983
405,930
469,462
461,889

1935 __________________
1934 __________ .________
1933 __________________
1932 __________________
193L _________________

BANK DEBITS AND DEPqSIT TURNOVER. ALL COMMERCIAL BANKS!

Total demand and time deposits


Debits
80

Demand deposits

Deposits

Annual
turnover
rate

Debits

Deposits

Annual
turnover
rate

81

82

83

84

85

89,799
83,970
77,155
67,074
45,694

i ,293,000
1,185,000
1,060,000
864,000
756,000

121,000
101,010
81,930
63,280
54,110

10.7
11.7
12.9
13.7
14.0

1,266,000
1,163,000
1,042,000
848,000
740,000

93,860
79,500
64,210
47,310
38,220

13.5
14.6
16.2
17.9
19.4

236,952
218,295
204,744
235,207
219,669

37,329
34,256
32,408
36,419
33,284

627,000
592,000
566,000
650,000
628,000

48,610
43,670
. 40,410
40,290
38,660

12.9
13.6
14.0
16.1
16.2

611 ,000
577,000
551,000
635,000
614,000

33,040
28,550
25,520
25,710
24,810

18.5
20.2
21.6
24.7
24.7

184,006
165,948
5148,449
167,964
263,834

190,167
165,555
/" 134,259
154,401
217,523

28,545
25,110
520,508
24,899
33,937

5,47,000

34,610
30,640
28,500
31,720
37,830

15.8
16.0
15.3
14.8
18.1

534,000
479,000
424,000
456,000
658,000

21,480
18,220
15,850
16,720
19,810

24.9
26.3
26.8
27.3
33.2

702,959
982,531
850,521
714,328
646,587

384,639
603,088
500,211
391,558
339,055

277,317
331,942
306,194
282,303
268,902

41,003
47,501
44,116
40,467
38,630

931,000
1,276,000
1,114,000
952,000
872,000

41,550
42,720
42,570
40,670
39,340

22.4
29.9
26.2
23.4
22.2

892,000
1,237,000
1,075,000
915,000
838,000

22,090
23,080
22,950
22,340
22,210

40.4
53.6
46.8
41.0
37.7

1925 __________________
1924 __________________
1923 __________________
1922 __________________
1921 __________________

605,843
522,627
494,412
451,513
409,338

313,373
263,530
238,396
239,855
207,096

256,689
228,161
225,331
199,510
191,942

35,781
30,936
30,685
12,148
10,300

820,000
716,000'
685,000
643,000
591,000

37,720
34,590
32,920
29,750
28,400

21. 7
20.7
20.8
21.6
20.8

788,000 '
687,000
658,000
620,000
569,000

21,720
19,990
19,280
18,150
17,470

36.3
34.4
34.1
34.2
32.6

1920 __________________
1919 _____________ . ___._

490,468
460,249

241,431
244,119

241,595
211,175

7,442
4,955

721,000
663,000

30,350
27,060

23.8
24.5

700,000
646,000

19,800
18,480

35.4
35.0

404,543
345,585
296,368
4226,865
197,724

479,760
462,354
419,413
4347,837
293,925

171 ,582
171,382
168,778
197,836
208,936

402,718
356,613
303,216
347,264
515,294

1930 __________________
1929 __________________
1928 __________________
1927 _________. _________
1926 __________________

..

1 Beginning in May 1942, 60 new reporting centers (affecting series N 76 and


N 79) and a number of banks in previously included reporting centers (affecting
all series) were added to those centers and banks included fOf the years prior to
1942. The figures for the period 1942-1945 are therefore not strictly comparable
with those for the earlier years. The extent of the change in coverage is reflected
for 1942 by comparing the figures shown above with those derived on the old basis,
as follows: Series N 76, 607,071; series N 77, 210,961; series N 78, 342,430; series
N 79, 53,679. (See Federal Reserve Bulletin, August 1943, p. 717.)

491,000
437,000
471,000 '
685,000

~ Prior to 1936 the number of centers in this group varied considerably; from
1936-1941 the number was constant at 133; beginning with 1942 there have been
193 centers..
'
S Exclndes interbank deposits and collection items.
( Partly estimated for first 4 months.
5 Eleven months only; data for March 1933 not available because of bank
holiday.

269

Data: N 86-98

BANKING AND FINANCE

Series N 86-89.-BANK CLEARINGS AT PRINCIPAL CITIES: 1854 TO 1945


[ In millions of dollars 1

YEAR

Total,
United
States

New York
City

Outside
New York
City

36 cities
outside New
York City 1

86

87

88

89

1945 ___________
1944 ___________ -----------1943 ___________ -----------1942 ___________ -----------1941. __________ -----------------------

334,433 -----------286,349 -----------248,560 -----------192,939 -----------183,263 ------------

260,331
249,685
234,757
201,060
172,272

1940 ___________
1939 ___________
1938 ___________
1937 ___________
1936 ___________

---------------...,.-,...-== .......
----------------------331,636

160,878 -----------165;914 -----------165,156 -----------186,740 -----------138,088


193,549

135,789
124;286
114,054
130,340
120,054

1935 ___________
1934 _____ ____
1933 ___________
1932 ___________
1931. __________

300,913
264,268
243,891
258,523
411,754

181,551
161,507
157,414
160,138
263,270

119,362
102,761
86,477
98,385
148,484

103,948
89,940
75,301
85,625
129,855

1930 ___________
1929 ___________
1928 ___________
1927___________
1926 ___________

544,542
715,692
623,366
544,414
512,567

347,110
477,242
391,727
321,234
290,355

197,433
238,450
231,638
223,180
222,212

173,045
208,914
201,727
195,124
194,271

1925 ___________
1924 ___________
1923 ___________
1922 ___________
1921. __________

500,354
445,747
404,512
384,977
349,757

283,619
249,868
213,996
217,900
194,331

216,734
195,878
190,515
167,076
155,426

1920 ___________
1919 ___________
1918 ___________
1917 ___________
1916 ___________

439,792
387,854
320,989
305,062
242,236

243,135
214,703
174,524
181,534
147,181

196,657
177,044
173,151 -----------146,464
123,528 -----------95,055 ------------

1915 ___________
1914___________

163,189
163,850

90,843
89,760

72,347 -----------74,089 ------------

YEAR

Outside
New York
City

86

87

88

173,193
168,686
159,540

98,122
96,672
92,420

75,071
72,014
67,119

1910 __________
1909 __________
1908 __________
1907 __________
1906 __________

168,987
158,877
126,239
154,477
157,681

102,554
99,258
73,631
93,315
103,754

66,433
59,620
52,608
59,161
53,927

1905 __________
1904 __________
1903 __________
1902 __________
1901. _________

140,502
102,356
113,963
115,892
114,820

91,879
59,673
70,834
74,753
77,021

48,623
42,684
43,130
41,139
37,799

1900 ________ '-_


1899 __________
1898 _______ __
1897 __________
1896 __________

84,582
88,829
65,925
54,180
51,936

51,965
57,368
39,853
31,338
29,351

32,618
31,461
26,072
22,842
22,585

1895 _______ ~ __
1894 __________
1893 __________
1892 __________
1891. _________

50,975
45,028
58,881
60,884
57,181

28,264
24,230
34,421
36,280
34,054

22,711
20,798
24,4!ilO
24,604
23,127

1890 __________
1889 ________
1888 __________
1887 __________
1886 __________

59,882
53,501
48,751
52.127
48 ;212

37,661
34,796
30,864
34,873
38,375

22,221
18,705
17,887
17,254
14,837

1885 __________
1884 __________
1883 __________
1882 __________
1881. _________

37,770
47,387
53,536
61,054
------------

~_

------------

New York
City

1913 __________
1912 __________
1911. _________

190,358
171,736
166,092
145,730
135,699

Total,
United
States

New York
City

YEAR

87

-----1880 __________
1879 __________
1878 __________
1877__________
1876 __________

37,182
25,179
22,508
23,289
21,597

1875 __________
187'-- ________
1873 __________
1872 __________
1871. ________ ,

25,061
22,856
35,461
33,844
29,301

187(, __________
18&9 __________
1868 __________
1867 __________
1866 __________

27,805
37,407
28,484
28,675
28,717

1865 __________
1864 __________
1863 __________
1862 __________
1861. _________

26,032
24,097
14,868
6,871
5,916

1860 __________
1859 __________
1858 __________
1857 __________
1856 __________

7,231
6,448
4,757
8,833
6,906

1855 __________
1854 __________

5,363
5,750

25,251
12,519
34,092
13,295
13,243
40,293
46,553
14,501
48,566 ------------

Figures for Los Angeles are not included.

Series N 90-98.-BRANCH BANKING: 1900 TO 1945


NUMBER OF COMMERCIAL BANKS
OPERATING BRANCHES

LOANS AND INVESTMENTS OR DEPOSITS


OF BANKS OPERATING BRANCHES 8
(IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS)

NUMBER OF BRANCHES

YEAR 1

1945 ______________________________
1944 ______________________________
1943 ______________________________
1942 ______________________________
1941 ______________________________

Total

National

90

91

State

92

Total.

National

State

93

94

95

1,122
1,142
1,097
998
968

309
333
303
227
205

813
809
794
771
763

43,947
43,924
43,797
42,596
3,558

41,811
41,813
41,741
41,592
1,565

42,136
" 2,111
"2,056
41,004
1,993

1940 ______________________________
1939 ______________________________
1938 ______________________________
1937 ______________________________
1936 ______________________________

954
934
918
904
854

200
195
194
194
188

754
739
724
710
666

3,525
3,491
3,444
3,411
8,270

1,539
1,518
1,499
1,485
1,398

1,986
1,973
1,945
1,926
1,872

1935 ______________________________
1934 ______________________________
1933 ______________________________
1932 ______________________________
1931 ______________________________

817
724
584
681
723

181
176
146
157
164

636
548
438
524
559

3,155
3,005
2,784
3,195
3,467

1,329
1,243
1,121
1,220
1,110

1,826
1,762
1,663
1,975
2,357

1930 ______________________________
1929 ______________________________
1928 ______________________________
1927 ______________________________
1926 ______________________________

751
764
775
740
744

166
167
171
153
148

585
597
604
587
596

3,522
3,353
3,138
2,914
2,703

1,042
995
934
723
421

1925 ______________________________
1924 ______________________________
1923 ______________________________
1922 ______________________________
1921 ______________________________

720
706
671
610
547

130
112
91
55
23

590
594
580
555
524

2,525
2,297
2,054
1,801
1,455

1920 __ ___________________________
1910 ______________________________
1900 ______________________________

530
292
87

21
9
5

509
283
82

1,281
548
119

1 For years prior to 1924 the figures are not for any uniform month. For 1924
and for 1927-1931 they are as of June; for 1925-1926 and for 1932-1945, as of
December.
.
2 Mutual savings and private banks and their branches are excluded.
I Figures represent loans and investments 1900-1936 and deposits 1937-1941;

270

Total

National

96

97

-----------------------

State

98

------------

----------------------- ------------

------------ ----------------------- -----------38,496


19,094
19,402

---------------------- -

------------

30,813
26,587
24,989
20,706

18,744

-- ---is ~ 528-

------------ ----------14,924
15,889
12,828
13,759
12,054
12,935
9,713
10,993
8,602
------6~963-

10,142

_.. _---------

17,279
20,680

7,339
8,529

8,565
9,940
12,151

2,480
2,358
2,204
2,191
2,282

22,491
21,420
20,068
17,591
16,511

9,169
8,016
7,840
6,294
5,243

13,322
13,404
12,228
11,2.97
11,268

318
256
204
140
72

2,207
2,041
1,850
1,661
1,383

14,763
12,480
10,922
9,110
8,354

4,447
3,606
2,841
2,330
1,581

10,316
8,874
8,081
6,780
6,773

63
12
5

1,218
536
114

6,897
1,272
119

689
44
5

6,208
1,228
114

neither loans nor investments nor deposit figures are available for 1934,1940, and
after 19414 Figures for 1942-1945 include "banking facilities" provided through arrangements made by the Treasury Department with banks designated as depositaries and financial agents of the Government.

BANKING STATISTICS

1"'4 :1:.t-1UO

va~a;

Series N 99-106.-SAVINGS BANKS AND DEPOSITS-SAVINGS AND OTHER TIME DEPOSITS


AND DEPOSITORS: 1910 TO 1942
AMOUNT OF DEPOSITS
(IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS)

NUMBER OF DEPOSITORS
(IN THOUSANDS)

Total

Mutual
savings
banks

State, etc.,
banks

National
banks

Total

Mutual
savings
banks

State, etc.,
banks

National
banks

99

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

1942 ____________________________________ '______ _


1941 ________________________________,__________ _

45,417
46,151

14,441
14,621

14,923
15,046

16,053
16,484

25,487
26,149

10,351
10,601

7,294
7,494

7,842
8,053

1940 __________________________________________ _
1939 __________________________________________ _
1938 __________________________________________ _
1937 __________________________________________ _
1936 __________________________________________ _

45,791
45,104
44,549
44,226
42,397

14,524
14,193
14,132
13,526
13,374

15,129
14,988
14,549
14,977
13,988

16,138
15,924
15,868
15,723
15,035

25,750
25,081
24,626
24,492
23,464

10,584
10,385
10,151
10,164
10,010

7,272
7,003
6,876
6,794
6,265

7,894
7,693
7,599
7,534
7,188

41,315
39,562
39,262
44,352
51,899
52 ,729
52,764
53,188
48,355
46,762

13,415
13,342
12,995
12,735
12,544

13,631
12,734
14,289
17,520
23,662

14,269
13,486
11 ,978
14,097
15; 193

22,614
21,753
21,126
24,281
28,220

9,872
9,803
9,760
10,040
10,034

5,873
5,452
5,453
7,283
10,141

6,869
6,498
5,912
6,958
8,045

12,077
11,875
11 ,643
11 ,190
10,950

25,115
25,467
25,364
22,828
23,242

15,537
15,422
16,181
14,337
12,570

28,479
28,218
28,413
26,091
24,696

9,206
8,904
8,668
8,040
7,525

11,176
11,426
11,695
10,963
10,993

8,097
7,889
8,050
7,088
6,178

11,865
11,068
9,899
8,873
8,109

23,134
21,189
19,727
17,579
16,501

7,152
6,693
6,273
5,818
5,568

10,172
9,337
8,767
7,687
7,255

5,810
5,158
4,686
4,074
3,677

7,980
6,763

15,189
13,040
11 ,535
10,876
9,459

5,058
4,732
4,382
4,339
4,102

6,668
5,532
4,817
4,364
3,641

3,463
2,776
2,336
2,173
1,716

8,807
8,712
8,548
8,404
7',963

3,945
3,910
3,812
3,609
3,459

3,541
3,348
3,368
3,260
3,024

1,321
1,454
1,369
1,536
1,480

YEAR

(June 30 or nearest available date)

1935 ______________________________' ____________ _


1934 __ '________________________________________ _
1933 __________________________________________ _

i~~i ===========================================

1930 __ __ __ ___ _____ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ _____ __ _ __ _ _ _


1929_ _ __ __ __ ___ __ ___ _ __ ____ _ __ ___ _ ____ ____ __ _ __
1928 ____________________________' __ _____ ___ __ ___
1927 _ _ ___ ___ __ __ __ ___ ___ _ ___ __ __ _ ____ _ _ __ ___ ___
1926_ _ _ _ ___ __ ___ __ __ __ ____ _ __ ___ __ ____ ________ _

1925 ________ '- ________ ,_____________________________________ _


1924 ____________________________________________ _________ _
1923 ______________________________________________________ _
1922 ______________________________________________________ _
1921 ___________________________________ __________________ _
~

1920 ______________________________________________________ _
1919 ________________ _____________________________________ _
1918 ______________________________________________________ _
1917 ______________________________________________________ _
1916 ________________________________ _____________________ _
~

1915 _____________________________________________ ._._______


1914 _____________________ _________ '____________ ____________
1913__ ___ ____ ___ __ __ _ _ __ ________ ___ __ ____ ___ ___ __ _ __ ___ ____
1912 ______ ._ _ ________ __ ___ __ ____ ___ _____ _______ ____ _ ___ ___ _
~

10,639
10,384
10,045
9,687
9,662

--------------------------------------------------------

9,079
9,040
8,326
8,651
7,917
7,643
7,901
8,034
7,880

------------------------------------------------------..,-

___________ _
___________ _
___________ _
___________ _

~:~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: r::::::::::1______ 7: 6"_1::::::::::::


1

Not available.

(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

2,965
2,675
2,341
2, 087

6, 835

(2)

I,

(2)

1,014

Combined data for other than national banks included in tota.l.

Series N I07-10B.-SAVINGS BANKS AND DEPOSITS-NUMBER OF DEPOSITORS AND


AMOUNT OF DEPOSITS.: 1820"TO 1910
YEAR

Number of Amount of
depositors deposits
107

1910 __________ Thousands


7,482
1909 __________
7,205
1908 __________
7,137
1907 __________
7,071
1906 __________
6,753
1905 __________
6,464
1904 __________
6,286
1903 __________
6,117
1902 __________
5,871
190L _________
5.,612
1900 __________
5,370
1899 __________
5,524
1898 __________
5,239
1897 __________
5,201
1896 __________
5,065
1895 __________
1894 __________
1893 __________

4,876
4,778
4,831

YEAR

108

Million
dollars
3,360.6
3,144.6
3,065.7
3,055.3
2,908.7
2,736.5
2,602.0
2,512.5
2,280.2
2,260.3
2,134.5
2,179.5
2,027.2
1,939.4
1,907.2
1,810.6
1,748.0
1,785.2

1892 __________
189L _________

Number of Amount of
depositors deposits
107

108

Thousands
4,782
4,533

Mill 'on
dollars
1,712.8
1,623.1

1890 __________
1889 ___ : ______
1888 __________
1887 __________
1886 __________

4,259
4,022
3,838
3,418
3,159

1,524.8
1,425.2
1,364.2
1,235_2
1,141. 5

1885 __________
1884 __________
1883 __________
1882 __________
1881. _________

3,071
3,015
2,876
2,710
2,529

1,024.9
966.8
892.0

1880 __________
1879 __________
1878 __________
1877 __________
1876 __________

2,336
2,269
2,401
2,395
2,369

819.1
802.5
879.9
866.2
941.4

t:g~g:~

YEAR

1875 __________
1874 __________
1873 __________
1872 __________
1871-_________

Number of Amount of
depositors deposits
107

108

Thousands
2,360
2,293
2,186
1,993
1,902

Million
dollars
924.0
864.6
802.4
735.0
650.7

1870 __________
1869 __________
1868 __________
1867 _________
1866 __________

1,631
1,467
1,310
1,188
1,067

549.9
457.7
392.8
337.0
282.5

1865 __________
1864,. _________
1863 __________
1862 __________
1861. _________

981
976
887
788
694

242.6
236.3
206.2
169.4
146.7

1860 __________
1859 __________

694
623

149.3
128.7

YEAR

Number of Amount of
depositors deposits
U)7

108

539
490
488

Miilion
dollar8
103.4
98.5
95.6

1855 __________
1854 __________
1853 __________
1852 __________
1851. _________

432
396
366
309
277

84.3
77.8
72.3
59.5
50.5

1850 __________
1849 __________
1848 __________
1847 __________
1846 __________

251
217
200
188
159

43.4
36.1
33.1
31.6
27.4

1845 __________
1840 __________

145
79

24.5
14.1

1835 _____ - ___ 1830 __________

60
38

10.6
7.0

1825 __________
1820 __________

17
9

2.5
1.1

1858 __________
1857 __________
1856 __________

Thousands

271

Data: N 109-123
BANKING AND FINANCE
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NI09~113.-c-SA VINGS

Series

YEAR

BANKS AND DEPOSITS--POSTAL SAVINGS SYSTEM: 1911 TO 1945

Offices in
operation

Number of
depositors 1

Deposits

Withdrawals

Balance to
credit of
depositors 1

109

110

111

112

113

1 ,000 dollars 1 ,000 dollars 1,000 dollars


1,739,341
1,113,902
2,659,575
906,417
1,363,028
2,034,137
1,033,550
771 ,548
1,577,526
883,710
1,315,523
895,080
912,916
923,660
1,304,153

1945 ______
1944 ______
1943 ______
1942 ______
1941. _____

7,162
7,183
7,199
7,211
7,203

3,921,937 .
3,493,079
3,064,054
2,812,806
2,882,886

1940 ______
19iHL ____
1938 ______
1937 ______
1936 ______

7,172
7,162
7,245
7,266
7,299

2,816,408
2,767,41"7
2,741,569
2,791,371
2,705,152

923,266
897,339
929,480
972,743
933,071

892,149
886,846
945,355
936,743
906,261

1,293,409
1,262,292
1,251,799
1,267,674
1,231,673

1935 ______
1984 ______
1933 ______
1932 ______
1981. _____

7,301
7,247
7,071
6,743
6,665

2,598,391
2,562,082
2,342,133
1,545,190
770,859

944,960
966,651
1,166,327
860,196
866,901

938,017
955,917
763,961
422,792
194,756

1,204,863
1,197,920
1,187,186
784,821
347,417

193o ______
1929 ______
1928 ______

5,998
5,976
5,897

466,401
416,584
412,250

159,959
112,446
96,386

138,332
110,945
91,602

175,272
153,645
152,143

YEAR

Offices in
operation

Number of
depositors 1

Deposits

Withdrawals

Balance to
credit of
depositors I

109

110

111

112

113

1 ,000 dollars 1 ,000 dollar8 1,000 dollars


90,426
147,359
103,607
134,179
88,746
90,751

1927 ______
1926 ______

5,896
5,853

411,394
399,305

1925 ______
1924 ______
1923 ______
1922 ______
1921. _____

5,896
5,995
6,047
6,020
5,554

402,325
412,584
417,902
420,242
466,109

89,708
94,933
88,008
96,508
133,575

90,349
93,790
94,073
111 ,161
138,461

132,173
132,814
131,671
137,736
152,390

1920 ______
1919_~ ____
1918 ______
1917 ______
1916 ______

5,583
5,715
5,926
6,423
7,701

508,508
565,509
612,188
674,728
602,937

139,209
136,690
116,893
132,112
76,776

149,256
117,838
100,376
86,177
56,441

157,276
167,323
148,471
131,955
86,020

1915 ______
1914 ______
1913 ______
1912 ______
1911. _____

8;832
9,639
12,158
9,907
400

525,414
388,511
331,006
243,801
11,918

70,315
47,815
41,701
30,732
778

48,074
38,190
28,120
11,172
101

65,685
43,444
33,819
20,237
677

Includes accounts shown on balance sheet as unclaimed.

Series N 114-123.--FEDERAL RESERVE BANKS--PRINCIPAL ASSETS AND LIABILITIES;


1914 TO 1945
[ In thousands of dollars 1
DEPOSITS

RESERVE BANK CREDIT OUTSTANDING

Reserves,
total

Federal_
Reserve notes
Member bank in actual
" reserve
circulation'
account

Total assets
or liabilities
and capital
accounts

Total

119

120

lin

122

Capital
accounts

Total loans
and
securities 1

Discounts
and
advances

Bills
bought

U.S.
Government
securities

114

115

116

117

118

18,099,239
18,686,680
20,096 ;073
20,907,814
20,764,361

24,513,094
18,929,781
11 ,558,336
6,207,855
2,266,934

248,905 ------------ 824,262,248 45,062,898


79,825 ------------ 8 18,846,205 40,268,611
5,255 ------------ 3 11 , 542 ,947 33,954,566
5,571 ------------ 8 6,188,635 29,018,642
2,955 ------------ 3 2,254,475 24,352,844

18,199,510
16,410,970
15,181,025
15,194,195
14,678,058

15,914,950
14,372,899
12,885,984
13,116,809
12,450,333

24,649,132
21,731,017
16,906,359
12,192,986
8,192,169

586,825
486,327
429,290
380,840
373,493

1940 __________________ 20,035,582


1939 __________________
1938 __________________ 15,524,217
12,165,806
1937 __________________
9,481,015
1936 __________________
9,121,155
1935 __________________
7,835,351
1934 __ .________________
5,400,984
1933_,_________________
3,793,610
1932 __________________
3,331,200
1931 __________________
3,157,662
1930 ____________,______
3,081,517
1929 __________________
3,010,928
1928 __________________
2,708,840
1927 ________ _________
2,867,151
1926 _________________
2,947,853"

2',194,553
2,502,079
2,584;179
2,592,470
2,460,879

2,915 ------------ 3 2,184,100 23,261,866


6,765 ------------ 8 2,484,270 19,027,335
3,971
549
2,564,015 15,580,692
9,866
2,564,015 12,879,630
540
2,913
3,089
2,43q,227 12 ,524,~93

16 ;126 ,567
12,940,781
10,087,998
7,576,692
7,108,919

14,025,633
11,653,232
8,724,050
7,026,809
6,606,430

5,930,997
4,958,546
4,451,824
4,283,611
4,283,537

369,327
348,785
343,655
341,218
341,080

2,430,731 11 ,025,800
2,430,256 8,442,145
2,437,490 7;040,688
1,855,142 6,114,988
816,960 5,672,325

6,385,809
4,405,350
2,864,550
2,560,885
2,124,874

5,587 ;208
4,095,946
2,729,442
2,509,490
1,961,410

3,709',074
3,221,107
3,079,543
2,738,608
2,624,471

335,329
330,503
444,897
429,891
419,989

YEAR

1945 __________________
1944 __________________
1943 __________________
1942 __________________
1941. _________________

1925 ________ _________ " 2,824,371


1924 __________________
3,047,054
1923 __________________
3,168,934
1922 __________________
3,166,438
1921 __________________
3,010,252
1920 __________________
2,250,400
1919 __________________
1,990,488
1918 __________________
2,145,655
1917 __________________
1,671,677
1916 __________________
757,112
~

1915 __________________
1914 __________________

555,431
267,899

2,472,733
2,457,232
2,669,998
2,128,015
1,825,088

4,672
7,062
'97,590
234,932
638,293

4,656
5,613
133,425
33 ;123
338,687

1,351,852
1,547,517
1,783,485
1,590,938
1,335,055

251,398
632,421
1,()56,466
581,503
636,628

363,844
392,209
489,070
392,039
380,986

729,467
510,587
228,064
616,516
314,820

5,200,648
5,458,445
5,351,543
5,345,586
5,150,081

2,517,133
2,413,675
2,439,686,
2,530,640
2,275,979

2,470,583
2,355,263
2,388,964
2,486,777
2,194,094

1,663,538
1,909,723
1,838,194
1,789,867
1,850,827

444,276
447,909
401,834
365,800
353,589

1,395,122
1,249,438
1,211 ,322
1,326,096
1,523,516

642,993
320,128
723,068
617,780
1,144,346

374,"356
387,100
354,637
272,122
145,263

374,568
540,160
133,566
436,155
233,528

5,109,404
5,096,380
5,066,395
5,251,969
5,151,109

2,257,388
2,310,668
1,959,579
1,973,532
1,876,082

2,212,098
2,220,436
1,898,315
1,933,888
1 {753,217

1,838,164
" 1,862,062
2,246,673
2,395,789
2,409,392

337,547
329,875
331,060
325,640
318,688

3,234,828
3,089,513
2,291,429
1,059,700
221,896

2,687,393
2,215,305
1,765,580
660,311
28,552

-260,406
574,104
287,167
273,237
128,956

287,029 6,254,105
300,104 6,323,917
238,669 " 5,250,268
121,553 3,164,000
55,414 1,210,968

1,861,498
2,022,200
1,808,121
1,582,735
4878,531

1,780,679
1,890,099
1,635,665
1,447,370
4721,619

3,336,281
3,008,878
2,658,952
1,246,761
274,795

301,857
207,527
103,504
70,996
55,695

696,840
329,859

4452,466
4301,047

4 401,175
264,678

188,817
10,608

54,914
18,051

84,179
10,848

4'

32,200
23,723
9,909 ------------

1 Includes industrial advances not shown separately.


2 Includes Federal Reserve notes held by the United States Treasury or by a
Federal Reserve Bank other than the issuing bank.
I Includes guaranteed obligations which were not issued until late in 1933.
Reserve Banks were first authorized to purchase them in 1934.

272

123

15,856
205

4 Figures not comparable with later years in part because prior. to June 21, 1917
member banks were not required to keep all of their legal reserves with the, Reserve
Banks; also from 1914-1916 deferred availability accounts, subsequently shown
separately in the source, are included in total deposits.

BANKING STATISTICS

Data: N 124-140

Series N 124--130.-FEDERAL RESERVE BANKS-EARNINGS AND EXPENSES: 1914 TO 1945


[ In thousands of dollars 1
DISPOSITION OF NET EABNINGS

DISPOSITION OF NET EARNINGS


YEAR

Cuxrent
earnings

Current
expenses

124

125

Net
earnings

Paid to TransDividends Franchise U.S.


ferred
paid
tax paid 2 treas- to suxplus
urya

126

127

128

129

YEAR

130

Current
earnings

Current
expenses

124

125

Net
earnings

127

126

1945 __
1944 __
1943 __
1942 __
194L_

142,209,546 48,717,271 92,662,268 10,182,851


247,659 82,231,758
104,391,829 49,175,921 58,437,788 9,500,126 --------- 326,717 48,610,945
69,305,715 43,545,564 49,528,433 8,911,342
244,726 40,372,365
52,662,704 38,624,044 12,470,451 8,669,076
197,672 3,603,703
41,380,095 32 ;963 ,150 9,137,581 8,429,936
141,465
566.180

1930 __
1929 __
1928 __
1927 __
192EL

1940 __
1939 __
1938 __
1937 __
1936 __

43,537., 8~g 29,165,477 25,860,025


38,500,66 28,646,855 12,243,365
36,261,428 28,911 ,608 9,581,954
41,233,135 28,800,614 10,801,247
37,900,639 29,874,023 8,512,433

1925 __ 41,800,706 27,528,163 9,449,066


1924 __ 38,340,449 28,431,126 3,718,180
1923 __ 50,708,566 29,764,173 12,711 ,286
1922 __ 50,498,699 29,559,049 16,497,736
192L_ 122,865,866 34,463,845 82,087,225

8,214,971 --------- 82,152 17,562,902


8,110,462 --------- 24,579 4,108,324
8;019,137 --------- 119,524 1,443,293
7,940,966
176,625 2,683,656
7,829,581 --------- 227,448
455,404

661r------r---,-/6

1~~l?-- ~,?g ,~5~ 31,577,443 9,437,758 8,504,974- ________ 297,667

635,117
1
1933
'''--1'"'''"
B, 781 ,
,449, 7.81
__ 49,487,31829,222,837 7,957,40 8,874,26L
_______________ -916,855
193L 60,01B,81726,291,38122,81',2' 9,282,2"2,011 ,'18 _______ 11 ,020 ,682
193L_ 29,701,27927,040,66 2,972,06610,029.,760 ________________ -7,057,694

""'129'24""~'6'23"'O~

1 Current earnings less current expenses plus other additions and less other
deductions.
2 The Banking Act of 1933 eliminated the provision in the Federal Reserve Act
requiring payments of a franchise tax.

Dividends Franchise Transferred


tax paid ~ to surplus
paid

36,424,044 28,342,726
70,955,496 29,691,113
64,052,860 26,904,810
43,024,484 27,518,443
47,599,595 27,350,182

128

130

17,308 -2,297,724
7,988,182 10,268,598
36,402,741 9,583,913 4 ,283 ,2~t 22,535,597
32,122,021 8,458,463 2,584,65 21,078,899
13,048,249 7,754,539
249 ,5~~ 5,044,119
818,15
8,464,426
16,611,745 7,329,169
6,915;958
59,300 2,473,808
113,646 -3,077,962
6,682,496
6,552,717 3,613,056 2,545,513
6,307,035 10,850,601: ; -659,904
6,119,673 59,974,466 15,993,086

1920 __ 181,296,71128,258,030149,294,774 5,654,018 60,724,742 82,916,014


2
583 '9
S ,011 ,83i 2,703 ,B94 70.661,778
,880,
1919-r0
1 ,389 ,6as ",367,50'
1918
__ 67,584,41710,959,533
52,716,310 5,540,68 - -- --- --34 48,334,341
191L 16,12B,8" 6 ,159 ,727/ 9,582 ,067 6,804,186 1,134,23
1,134,234
1,742,77
_____________________
1916 __ 5,217,998 2,273,999 2,750,998
217,463 _____________________
1915 4
2,173,252 2,320,586
-141,459
3

Payments made pursuant to Section 13b of the Federal Reserve Act.


Figures for 1914 and 1915.

Series N 131-134.-FEDERAL RESERVE BANKS-MEMBER BANK RESERVE REQUIREMENTS:


1917 TO 1945
[ Percent of deposits
NET DEMAND DEPOSITS 1

.J.

.c.IJ."L'JJJ

LJ"'4

I R eserve I ""ounvry

Central
reserve
city
banks

..I..:.&'J. ....J.:.IVL

f"

131
June 21,1917 to Aug. 15, 1936 ____
Aug. 16, 1936 to Feb. 28, 1937 ___ .
Mar. 1, 1937 to Apr. 30, 1937 _____
May I, 1937 to Apr. 15, 1938 _____
Apr. 16, 1938 to Oct. 31, 1941 ____

13

banks

banks)

132

133

134

19tJ

7
10Yl!
1234
14
12

II

3
4Y1!
534
6
5

C oun r
banks

Time
deposits
(all
mem b er
banks)

133

134

NET DEMAND DEPOSITS 1

h
mem...,er

city
banks

10
15
17Y1!
20
17Y1!

22;!4
26
22;!4

Time
deposits
(all

Central
reserve
city
banks

PERIOD IN EFFECT

I R eseI've
city
banks

131
Nov. I, 1941 to Aug. 19, 1942 ____
Aug. 20, 1942 to Sept. 13, 1942. __
Sept. 14, 1942 to Oct. 2, 1942 ____
Oct. 3, 1942 to Feb. 26,1948 _____

132
26
24
22
20

20
20
20
20

14
14

6
6
6
6

14
14

1 Demand deposits subject to reserve requirements, i. e., demand depositfl other than war loan deposits, minus cash items in process of collection and demand
balances due from domestic banks.

Seri~s
-YEAR

N 135-140.-BANK SUSPENSIONS-NUMBER OF SUSPENSIONS: 1864 TO 1945

Total

National

State

135

136

137

0
1
4
9
8

1940 _______
1939 _______
1938 _______
1937 _______
1936 _______

22
42
55
59
44

1
4
1
4
1

21
37
52
54
42

1935 _______
1934 _______
1933 _______
1932 _______
193L ______

34
57
4,004
1,456
2,294

4
1
1,101
276
409

30
43
2,794
1,143
1,805

1930 _______
1929 _______
1928 _______
1927 _______
1926 _______

1,352
659
499
669
976

161
64
57
91
123

1925 _______
1924 _______
1923 _______
1922 _______
192L ______
1920 _______
1919 _______
1918 _______

--------------2
-------4

138

140

139

- - -- - - - - - - - -

1945 _______
1944 _______
1943 _______
1942 _______
194L ______

NonPrivate Membe r member

--------------- -------1-i12
19
4

-------- -------- -------1


2
-------9
-------- -------4
4
-------1
21
-------1

-------- ------2-

7
2
6
1

35
53
53
43

109
37
80

4
1
1,275
331
516

30
56
2,729
1,125
1,778

1,133
564
423
545
801

58
31
19
33
52

188
81
73
122
158

1,164
578
426
547
818

618
775
646
367
505

118
122
90
49
52

461
616
533
295
409

39
37
23
23
44

146
160
122
62
71

472
578
524
305
434

167
62
47

7
2
2

136
59
35

24 -------- -------1 -------- -------10 -------- - - - - - - --

2
1
1

-------13

Total

National

State

Private

- - -- - -- - -- - 137
138
136
135
----- --- --- -----YEAR

1917 ______
1916 ______

49
52

5
8

29
32

1915 ______
1914 ______
1913 ______
1912 ______
191L _____

152
149
103
78
85

20
15
'13
6
5

93
107
75
51
58

39
27
15
21
22

1910 ______
1909 ______
1908 ______
1907 ______
1906 ______

58
78
153
90
53

6
8
19
12
6

40
37
83
58
34

12
33
51
20
13

1905 ______
1904- _____
1903 ______
1902 ______
190L _____

80
125
52
54
65

20
22
13
4
9

25
53
22
30
15

35
50
17
20
41

1900 ______
1899 ______
1898 ______
1897 ______
1896 ______

35
32
63
139
141

5
10
11
28
34

14
8
19
64
66

16
14
33
47
41

1895 ______
1894 ______
1893 ______
1892 ______
189L _____

110
83
491
80
60

34
23
69
12
16

51
39
228
32
44

25
21
194
36

15
12

--------

Total

YEAR

National

State

- -- - - 135
- - - 136
137
- - -- - -

1890 ______
1889 ______
1888 ______
1881- _____
1886 ______

36
18
29
24
19

12

1885 ______
1884- _____
1883 ______
1882 ______
188L _____

41
60
28
22
9

9
6
1
3

1880 ______
1879 ______
1878 ______
1877 ______
1876 ______

15
27
80
45

1875 ______
1874 ______
1873 ______
1872 ______
187L _____

17
50
37
16
7

1870 ______
1869 ______
1868 ______
~867 ______
866 ______

2
7
13
7
7

1865 ______
1864 ______

6
2

71

6
3

5
6

--------

30
15
17
19
13
32
54
27
19
9

5
7
10
8
8

10
20
70
63
37

3
10
4
6

14
40
33
10
7

-------1
1
6
4
2

1
6
7
3
5

5
2

--------

Includes both State and private banks; distribution not available.

273

BANKING AND FINANCE

Data: N 141-151

Series N 141-147.-BANK SUSPENSIONS-DEPOSITS OF SUSPENDED BANKS: 1921 TO 1945


[ In thousands of dollars 1

YEAR

1945 __

Total

National

State

Private

Member

Nonmember

Losses
borne
by depositors

141

142

143

144

145

146

147

1943 __
1942 __
1941._

0
405
6,223
1,702
3,726

1940 __
1939 __
1938 __
1937 __
1936 __

5,943
34,998
10,532
19,723
11 ,306

1944_~

YEAR

---------- -----i405- ------- ---------- ------405- ------------------------ 11,241 ------- ----4:9821,241 -------4,982
------1,702 ----------------- 11,702 ------- ----3:i442,000
582
582 ------3,144
256
1,341
36
7,379
507

5,687
33,645
9,942
12,251
10,728

----iif
554
93
71

256
25,970
247
9,087
507

5,687
9,028
10,285
10,636
10,799

14,000
18,000
5,000
5,000
4,000

1935 __
4,000
5,313
4,702
10,015
4,702 ------5,313
1934 __
36,897 10,000
36,937
40
35,456 1,441
40
1933 __ 3,596,698 1,610,549 1,975,145 13,281 2,39:1 ,948 1,202,750 540,000
1

Total

National

State

141

142

143

Private Member
144

Nonmember

Losses
borne
by depositors

146

147

145

1932 __ 706,188 214,150


493,670 7,806 269,303
193L_ 1,690,232 439,171 1,230,341 21,157 733,128

446,323 168,000
957,541 391,000

1930 __
1929 __
1928 __
1927 __
1926 __

837,096 170,446
230,643 41,614
142.386 36,483
199 ;329 45,547
260,378 43,998

667,655 15,262 372,845


181,317 7,712 58,073
103,151 2,946 46,730
149,445 4,337 63,489
206,983 9,397 67,464

480,518 237,000
172,570 77,000
95,850 44,000
135,840 61,000
192,914 83,000

1925 __
1924._
1923 __
1922 __
192L_

167,555
210,151
149,601
91,182
172,188

104,430
137,533
113,584
70,938
142,522

102,098
131,616
102,798
65,733
134,048

55,574
64,890
34,244
20,197
20,777

7,551
7,728
1,773
1,908
8,889

65,457
78,535
46,803
27,310
38,140

61,000
79,000
62,000
38,000
60,000

Includes both State and private banks; distribution not available.

Series N 148-ISl.-CURRENCY AND GOLD-MONEY STOCK AND MONEY IN CIRCULATION:


1800 TO 1945
[ In thousands of dollars J
MONEY OUTSIDE TREASURY

Total
money in
U.S.

Money
held in
Treasury

Money
in
circulation

148

149

151

1865 _____
1864 _____
1863 _____
1862 _____
186L ____

1,180,197
1,062,841
1,010,747
629,452
488,006

96,657
55,226
79,473
23,754
3,600

1,083,541
1,007,615
2931,274
2605,698
2484,406

2,081,231
1,904,072
1,837,860
1,640,983
1,506,435

1860 _____
1859 _____
1858 _____
1857 _____
1856 _____

442,102
443,307
415,208
474,779
445,748

6,695
4,339
6,398
17,710
19,901

2435,407
438,968
408,810
457,069
425,847

701,339
672 ,282
702,429
716,918
648,001

1,601,968
1,660,809
1,596,701
1,601,347
1,497,441

1855 _____
1854 _____
1853 _____
1852 _____
185L ____

436,952
445,689
424,181
375,673
341,165

18,932
20,138
21,943
14,632
10,912

418,020
425,551
402,238
361,041
330,254

1,685,123
1,658,672
1,691,441
1,633,413
1,561,408

684,259
652,597
641,124
549,217
472,868

1,429,251
1,380,362
1,372,171
1,317,539
1,252,701

1850 _____
1849 _____
1848 _____
1847 _____
1846 _____

285,367
234,743
240,506
225,520
202,552

6,605
2,185
8,101
1,701
9,126

278,762
232,558
232,405
223,819
193,426

1885 _____
1884 _____
1883 _____
1882 _____
188L ____

1,537,434
1,487,250
1,472,494
1,409,398
1,349,592

473,126
410,898
374,617
294,643
280,225

1,292,569
1,243,926
1,230,306
1,174,290
1,114,238

1845 _____
1844 _____
1843 _____
1842 _____
184L ____

185,609
175,168
148,564
163,734
187,290

7,658
7,857
1,449
230
987

177,950
167,310
147,114
163,504
186,303

5,467,589
4,876,638
4,481,697
4,066,404
3,649,258

1880 _____
1879 _____
1878 _____
1877. ____
1876 _____

1,185,550
1,033,641
984,225
916,548
905,238

225,922
230,703
189,126
134,756
122,289

973,382
818,632
820,004
814,090
807,124

1840 _____
1839 _____
1838 _____
1837 _____
1836 _____

189,969
222,171
203,639
222,186
205,301

3,663
2,467
35,000
35,000
85,000

186,305
219,704
198,639
217,186
200,301

3,319,582
3,459,434
3,418,692
3,335,220
3,263,053

1875 _____
1874 _____
1873 _____
1872 _____
187L ____

925,702
950,116
903,316
900,571
894,376

109,461
104,525
99,316
97,773
118,010

833,789
863,606
838,252
829,209
794,156

1835 _____
1834 _____
1833 _____
1832 _____
183L ____

154,692
135,840
122,150
121,900
109,100

8,893
11,703
2,012
4,503
6,015

145,800
124,137
120,138
117,397
93,085

3,148,684
3,148,826
3,079,155
2,813,863
2,774,690

1870 _____
1869 _____
1868 _____
1867 _____
1866 _____

899,876
873,759
888,413
1,020,927
1,.068,066

156,994
163,074
134,172
180,245
138,893

774,966
740,641
771 ,884
859,360
939,678

1830 _____
1820 _____
1810 _____
1800 _____

93,100
69,100
58,000
28,000

5,756
32,000
33,000
31,500

87,344
67,100
55,000
26,500

Total
money in
U.S.

Money
held in
Treasury

Money
in
circulation

148

149

151

1905 _____
1904 _____
1903 ___ -1902 _____
190L __ -_

2,919,494
2,838,023
2,717,646
2,593,910
2,511 ,472

1,245,501
1,224,813
1,168,982
1,097,555
1,032,479

2,623,340
2,552,906
2,399,732
2,279,114
2,203,198

7,847,501
7,046,743
6,460,891
6,447,056
6,241,200

1900 _____
1899 ____ ..:
1898 _____
1897 _____
1896 _____

2,366,220
2,190,094
2,073,574
1,906,770
1,799,975

969,492
813,376
759,959
744,391
761,441

1,147,422
1,305,985
2,271 ,682
1,795,349
2,226,059

5,567,093
5,373,470
5,720,764
5,695,171
4,821,933

1895 _____
1894 _____
1893 _____
1892 _____
189L ____

1,819,360
1,805,079
1,738,808
1,752,219
1,677,794

4,021,937
3,789,886
3,725,650
4,159,056
4,210,358

1,741,087
1,856,986
1,582,576
1,753,110
1,473,118

4,521,988
4,746,297
4,796,626
4,851,321
4,885,266

1890 _____
1889 _____
1888 _____
1887. ____
1886 _____

8,299,382
8,846,542
8,702,788
8,276,070
8,174,528

4,176,381
4,248,438
3,821,846
3,515,583
2,921,089

1,367,591
1,376,935
1,207,836
1,297,893
1,262,089

4,815,208
4,849,307
4,823,275
4,463,172
4,910,992

1920 _____
1919 _____
1918 _____
1917 _____
1916 _____

8,158,496
7,688,413
6,906,237
5,678,774
4,541,730

2,379,664
2,907,812
2,976,251
2,859,396
2,356,536

1,015,881
810,636
855,984
816,365
593,345

1915 _____
1914 _____
1913 _____
1912 _____
191L ____

4,050,783
3,797,825
3,777 ,021
3,701,965
3,606,989

1,967,665
1,845,570
1,834,112
1,782,320
1,731,084

382,965

1910 _____
1909 _____
1908 _____
1907 _____
1906 _____

3,466,856
3,451,521
3,423,068
3,158,111
3,109,380

1,603,186
1,599,621 ----------1,597,132
1,420,507 ----------1,330,109 ........ -- .... ..

Total
money in
U.S.

Money
held in
Treasury

148
1945 _____
1944 _____
1943 _____
1942 ____ ~
194L ____
1940 _____
1939 _____
1938 _____
1937 _____
1936 _____

In Federal
Reserve
banks

In
circulation

149

150

151

48,009,400
44,805,301
40,868,266
35,840,9D8
32,774,611

22,202,115
23,173,693
24,466,764
24,783,526
24,575,186

3,745,512
3,811,797
3,770,331
3,520,465
3,380,914

26,746,438
22,504,342
17,421,260
12,382,866
9,612,432

28,457,960
23,754,736
20,096,865
19,376,690
17,402,493

21,836,936
17,862,671
14,535,627
13,685,480
11,851,635

3,485,695
3,436,467
3,503,576
3,454,205
3,360,854

1935 _____ 15,113,035


1934 _____ 13,634,381
1933 _____ 10,078,417
1932 _____ 9,004,505
193L ____ 9,079,624
1930 _____
8,306,564
1929 _____ 8,538,796
1928 _____
8,118,091
1927 _____
8,667,282
1926 _____
8,428,971

9,997,362
8,408,392
3,797,692
3,493,122
4,227,735

1925 __ .. __
1924 _____
1923 _____
1922 _____
192L ____

YEAR

(June 30)

---------------------------------------------------

----------~

-_

YEAR

(June 30)

1 Prior to 1860 the exact date of the figures is not known.


Includes total stock of silver dollars and subsidiary silver; 1860-1863; and of
gold coin and bullion, 1862 and 1863.
2

274

Estimated.

1
(June 30)
YEAR

__~____________________________----C~U-R~R-E-N-C~Y AN_D
___
G_O_L_D_________________________
D_a_ta_:_N~15_2_-~1~65

Series N 152-165.-CURRENCY AND GOLD-MONEY IN CIRCULATION BY KIND: 1860 TO 1945


[In thousands of dollars. For total money in circulation, see series N 151]

YEAR

. Gold coin

(June 30)

Gold
certificates

152

Silver
dollars

Silver
certificates

155

Treasury
notes of
1890 1

Subsidiary
silver

Minor coin

156

158

159

Federal
reserve
notes 1

Federal
reserve
bank notes

160

162

164

165

U.S. notes

National
bank notes

153

154

52,084
53,964
56,909
59,399
62,872

125,178
103,325
83,701
66,093
52,992

1,650,689
1,587,691
1,648,571
1,754,255
1,713,508

1,150
1,154
1,155
1,158
1,161

788,283
700,022
610,005
503,947
433,485

291,996
262,775
235,672
213,144
193,963

22,867,459
18;750,201
13,746,612
9,310,135
6,684,209

527,001
597,030
584,162
18,717
20,268

322,587
322,293
322,343
316,886
299,514

120,012
125,887
132,130
139,131
150,460

66,793
71,930
78,500
88,116
100,771

46,020
42,407
39,446
38,046
35,029

1,581,662
1,453,573
1,230,156
1,078,071
954,592

1,163
1,166
1,169
1,172
1,177

384,187
361,209
341,942
340,827
316,476

168,977
154,869
145,625
144,107
134,691

5,163,284
4,483,552
4,114,338
4,168,780
4,002,216

22,373
25,593
30,118
37,616
51,954

247,887
265,962
262,155
281,459
278,190

165,155
186,480
217,441
268.,862
366,105

32,308
30,013
27,995
30.115
34 ;326

701,474
401,456
360,699
352,605
377,149

1,182
1,189
1,186
1,222
1,240

295,773
280,400
256,865
256.220
273 ;147

125,125
119,142
112,532
113,619
117,393

3,222,913
3,068,404
3,060,793
2,780,229
1,708,429

81,470
141,645
125,845
2,746
2,929

285,417
279,608
268,809
289,076
299,427

704,263
901 ;872
919,614
700,894
648,363

1945 _____
1944 _____
1943 _____
1942 _____
194L ____

(2)

1940 _____
1939 _____
1938 _____
1937 _____
1 936 _____

(2)
(2)

. 1935 _____
1934 _____
1933 _____
1932 _____
193L ____

(2)
(2)

320,939
452.763
363 ;020

117,167
149,740
265,487
715,683
996,510

_____
1930
1929 _____
1928 _____
1927 _____
1926 _____

357,236
368,488
377,028
384,957
391,703

994,841
934,994
1,019,149
1,007,075
1,057,371

38,629
43,684
46,222
48,717
51,577

386,915
387,073
384,577
375,798
377,741

1,260
1,283
1,304
1,327
1,356

281,231
284,226
278,175
275,605
270,0'72

117,436
115,210
111,061
108; 132
104,194

1,402,066
1,692,721
1 ;626 ,433
1,702,843
1,679,407

3,206
3,616
4,029
4,606
5,453

288,389
262,188
298,438
292,205
294,916

650,779
652,812
650,212
650,057
651,477

1925 _____
1924 _____
. 1923 _____
1922 _____
19 2L ____

402,297
393,330
404,181
415,937
447,272

1,004,823
801,381
386,456
173,342
200,582

54,289
54,015
57,262
57,973
65,883

382,780
364,414
364,258
265,335
158,843

1,387
1,423
1,460
1,510
1,576

262,009
252,995
247,307
229,310
235,295

100,307
96,952
93,897
89,157
91,409

1,636,108
1,843,106
2,234,660
2,138,715
2,599,598

6,921
10,Q66
19,969
71,868
129,942

282,578
297,790
302,749
292,343
259,170

681,709
733,835
711,076
727,681
721,421

_____
19 20
19 _____
19 18
_____
19 17_____
19 16 _____
19

474,822
474,875
537,230
666,545
624,939

259,007
327,552
511 ,190
1,082,926
1,050,266

76,749
79,041
77,201
71,754
66,234

97,606
163,445
370,349
468,365
476,279

1,656
1,745
1,851
1,970
2,098

248,863
229,316
216,492
193,745
171,178

90,958
81,780
74,958
68,411
62,998

3,064,742
2,450,278
1,698,190
506,756
149,152

185,431
155,014
10,970
3,702
1,683

278,144
274,119
291,859
311,595
328,227

689,608
639,472
691,407
690,635
716,204

19 15 _____
_____
19 14
13 _____
1912
_____
19
19 lL ____
19 10 _____
_____
19 09
_____
19 08
07
_____
19
19 06 _____

587,537
611,545
608,401
610,724
589,296

821,869
1,026,149
1,003,998
943,436
930,368

64,499
70,300
72,127
70,340
"72 ,446

463,147
478,602
469,129
469,224
453,544

2,245
2,428
2,657
2,916
3,237

159,043
159,966
154,458
145,034
138,422

70,810 -----------58,516
57,419 ------------ -----------54,954 ------------ -----------50,707 ------------ -----------49,049 ------------ ------------

309,796
337,846
337,215
337,697
338,989

782,120
715,180
715,754
705,142
687,701

590,878
599,338
613,245
561,697
668,655

802,754
815,005
782,977
600,072
516,562

72,433
71,988
76,329
81,710
77,001

478,597
477,717
465,279
470,211
471 ,520

3,663
4,203
4,964
5,976
7,337

135,584
132,332
124,178
121,777
111 ,630

46,328
42,585
41,139
40,907
38,043

------------ ----------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- ------------

334,788
340,118
339,396
342,270
335,940

683,660
665,539
631,649
589,242
548,001

651,064
6.45,818
617,261
632,394
629,791

~85,211

465,655
377,259
306,399
247,036

73,584
71 ,314
72,391
68,747
66,921

454,865
461,139
454,733
446,558
429,644

9,272
12,902
19,077
29,803
47,525

101,438
95,528
92,727
85,721
79,235

35,458
33,763
32,040
29,724
27,890

------------ ----------------------- ---_ ... _----------------- ------------

332,421

19 05 _____
____
19 OL
03 _____
19 02
_____
19
190 1 _____

334,249
334,292
330,045

480,029
433,028
399,997
345,477
345,111

190 90 _____
_____
189 8 _____
189
7
189 _____
189 6 _____

610,806
679,738
657,950
517,590
454,905

200,733
32,656
35,812
37,285
42,198

65,889
61,481
58,483
51,940
52,117

408,466
402,137
390,127
357,849
330,657

75,304
92,562
98,306
83,470
95,045

76,161
69,066
64,057
59,616
60,204

317,677
328,627
310,134
306,915
256,140

300,115
237,805
222,991
226,318
215,168

115,943
134,681
140,856
98,259
40,349

60,350 ------------ ------------ -----------58,511 ------------ ------------ -----------65,470 ------------ -- ... --------- -----------63,294 ------------ ------------ -----------58,219 ------------ ------------ ------------

319,094
325,525
330,774
339,400
343,207

206,953
200,220
174,670
167,222
162,221

------------ ------------ ---------------------------------- - ----------- ----------------------- - ----------- - ---------------------- - ---'-------- - -----------

334,689
316,439
308,000
326,667
323,813

181,605
207,221
24fi,313
276,855
307,665

- ----------- - ----------- ----------- - ----------.-

331,219
318,687
323,242
325,255
328,127

308,631
330,690
347,856
352,465
349,746

16,368
20,242
32,939

428
456
500

327,895
301,644
320,906
337,899
331,447

337,415
321,405
311,724
301,289
316,121

37,905
38,234
38,076
36,403
34,446

551
620
701
849
1,064

349,686
371,421
348,464
346,169
343,069

340,647
340,266
338,962
329,037
311,406

(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)

_____
189 45 _____
189 3 _____
1892 _____
189 1 _____
189

479,638
495,977
408,536
408,569
407,319

48,381
66,340
92,642
141,094
120,063

51,986
52,565
56,930
56,817
58,826

319,623
326,991
326,824
326,693
307,236

189 0 _____
_____
18898 _____
188 7 _____
188 6 _____
188

374,259
376,482
391,114
376,541
358,220

130,831
117,130
121,095
91,225
76,044

56,279
5,457
45,527
55,549
552,669

297,556
257,156
200,760
142,118
88,116

188 54 _____
_____
188 3 _____
188
1882 - - --188 L ____

341,668
340,624
344,653
358,251
315,313

126,730
71,147
59,807
5,029
5,760

39,087
40,690
35,651
32,404
29,342

1880 -- --1879 ----1878 -"- - -1877 - - --1876 -- ---

225,696
110,505
84,740
78,111
74,839

1875 -- --1874 - ---1873 -- --1872 -- --1871 -----

64,446
78,948
62,718
76,575
72,391

20,111
7.964
8,036
15,280
1,209
24,898
32,298 -----------24,175 -----------17,549
18,015
34,251
26,412
17,790

---------------------------------------------

101,531 -----------96,427 -----------72,621


State
64 ,506
39,111 bank notes
5,790
414
7
- ----------- -----------

- ----------- ---------------------- - ---------------------- - ---------------------- - -----------

-----------------------

------------

54,033
51,477
50,362
48,584
46,174

806
909
1,047
964
1,162
1,399
1,701
1,968

22,141
14,940
13,679
12,064
12,022

------------ ----------------------- -----------... ----------- ._---------------------- ------------

------------ ------------

------------ ------------

43,703 -----------45,661 -----------46,474 -----------46,380 -----------46,839 -----------48,512


61,347
58,918
42,885
26,055

157

26,080
---------------------------------------------

------------ ------------

------------ ------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------

------------

Fractional
currency

Other U.S.
currency

161

163

3R3,759

See footnotes on next page.

275

Data: N 152-178

BANKING AND FINANCE

Series N152-165.-CURRENCY At-JD GOLD-IVIOt-JEY IN CIRCULATIO}J BY KIND:


1860 TO 1945-Con.
[In thousands of dollars. For total money in circulation, see series N 151J
Gold
coin

YEAR

Gold
certificates

152

State
bank notes

Subsidiary
silver

Fractional
currency

Other U. S.
currency

U. S.
notes

157

158

161

163

164

153

1870 __________ _
1869 __________ _
1868 __________ _
1867 ___ ~ ______ _
1866 __________ _

81,i83
62,129
63,758
72,882
109,705

1863 __________
==== _
1862 __________ _
186L _________ _

i~~t= == = ==

148,557
184,346
3260,000
3283,000
266,400

142,920
179,158
238,677
183,792
202,006

1860 __________ _

207,305

4207,102

32,085
29,956
17,643
18,678
10,505

2,223
2,559
3,164
4,484
19,996

National
bank notes

165

8,978
5,695
6,520
7,082
8,241

34,379
30,442
28,999
26,306
24,687

2,507
3,343
28,859
123,727
162,739

324,963
314,767
328,572
319,438
327,792

288,648
291,750
294,369
286,764
276,013

8,713

21,729
19 ,""

236,567

378,917
415 ,115

146,138

,,3"1

'.9,252

31,235

:!!:!~ (::::::~~:~~4: : :: : :::~:~~: : :: :::~~:~:: : : :: _: : :!=:

1 For statement of redemption security, see text.


2 Under the order of the Secretary of the Treasury of Dec. 28, 1933, as amended
and supplemented on Jan. 11 and 15, 1934, all gold coin domestically owned (with
minor exceptions) was required to be delivered for the account of the Treasurer of
the United States, and under the Gold Reserve Act of 1934 (Jan. 30) withdrawn

from circulation and formed into bars. Gold coin ($287,000,000) shown on Treasury
records as being then outstanding was dropped from the monthly circulation statement as of Jan. 31, 1934.
8 Total stock; circulation figures not available.
4 Data for this series are available in source back to 1800.
See text.

Series N 166-171.-CURRENCY AND GOLD-CHANGES IN GOLD STOCK OF THE UNITED


STATES: 1914 TO 1945
[In millions of dollars. Gold valued at $20.67 per fine ounce through January 1934; at $35 thereafter J
Earmarked
Gold under
Domestic Net gold
gold;
gold pro- import (+) decrease( +) earmark
or
(end of
duction 1
or
export( -) increase (-)
period)

Gold
stock
(end of
period)

Increase
in gold
stock

166

167

20,065
20,619
21,938
22,726
22,737

-553.9
-1,319.0
-788.5
- 10.3
741.8

32.0
35.8
48.3
125.4
169.1

-106.3
-845.4
+68.9
+315.7
+982.4

-356.7
-459.8
-803.6
-458.4
-407.7

4,293.8
3,937.2
3,477.4
2,673.8
2,215.4

1940 ___ 21,995


1939 ___ 17,644
1938 ___ 14,512
1937 ___ 212,760
1936 ___ 211,258

4,351.2
3,132;0
1,751.5
1,502.5
1,132.5

170.2
161.7
148.6
143.9
131.6

+4.744.5
+3,574.2
+1,973.6
+1,585.5
+1,116.6

-644.7
-534.4
-333.5
-200.4
-85.9

1,807.7
1,163.
628.6
295.1
94.7

1935 ___
1934 ___
1933 ___
1932 ___
1931. __

10,125
8,238
4,036
4,226
4,173

1,887.2
4,202.5
-190.4
52.9
-133.4

110.7 +1,739.0
92.9 +1,133.9
47.1
-173.5
45.9
-446.2
45.8
+145.3

+0.2
+82.6
-358.0
+3457.5
-320.8

8.8
9.0
59.1
73.7
458.5

1930 ___
1929 ___

4,306
3,997

309.6
142.5

-2.4
-55.4

137.7
135.3

YEAR

1945 ___
1944 ___
1943 ___
1942 ___
1941. __

168

169

43.4
42.5

170

+280.1
+175.1

YEAR

Gold
stock
(end of
period)

Increase
in gold
stock

---166

171

1 Estimates of the United States Mint.


2 Includes gold in the inactive account amounting to $27,000,000 on Dec. 31,
1936, and $1,228,000,000 on Dec. 31, 1937.
.

Earmarked
Gold under
gold;
Domestic Net gold
gold pro- import(+) decrease ( +) earmark
or
(end of
duction 1
or
period)
export( -) increase (-)
168

167

169

170

171

1928 ___
1927 ___
1926 ___

3,854
4,092
4,205

-237.9
-112.8
92.6

44.3
43.8
46.3

-391.9
+6.1
+97.8

+119.5
-160.2
-26.3

79.9
199.4
39.3

1925 ___
1924 ___
1923 ___
1922 ___
192L __

4,112
4,212
3,957
3,642
3,373

-100.1
255.6
315.1
268.5
734.6

48.0
50.6
50.2
47.3
48.8

-134.4
+258.1
+294.1
+238.3
+667.4

+32.2
+0.7
-3.7
+818.7

13.0
45.2
3.0

1920 ___
1919 ___
1918 ___
1917 ___
1916 ___

2,639
2,707
2,873
2,868
2,556

-68.4
-165.8
4.9
312.2
530.7

49.9
59.5
67.4
82.3
91.1

+95.0
-291.7
+21.0
+180.6
+530.2

-3145.0
+8127.4
-346.7
+351.7
-6.1

1915 ___
1914 ___

2,025
1,526

499.1
-100.2

99.7
93.4

+420.5 -----------165.2 -- ... --------

~42.2

3.7

----------22.0
5.0
G.9
6.9
6.1

---------------------

3 Adjusted for changes in gold held under earmark abroad by the Federal Reserve
Banks.

Series N 172-17B.-CURRENCY AND GOLD-ADJUSTED DEPOSITS OF BANKS AND CURRENCY


OUTSIDE BANKS: 1892 TO 1945
[In millions of dollars. Figures partly estimated J

YEAR

\June
30)

Total
deposits
adjusted
and
currency
outside
banks
172

Demand
deposits
adjusted
and
currency
outside
banks

U. S.
Total
Demand
Time
deposits deposits Governdeposits
ment
adjusted adjusted 1
deposits 2

Currency
outside
banks

Total
deposits
adjusted
and
currency
YEAR
(June 30) outside
banks

Demand
deposits
adjusted
and
Currency
outside
banks

U.S.
Total
Demand
Time
deposits
deposits Governdeposits
adjusted adjusted 1 ment
deposits 2

Currency
J

outside
banks

173

174

175

176

177

178

172

173

174

175

177

178

1945 ___ 162,784


1944 ___ 136,172
1943 ___ 110,161
81,963
1942 ___
74,153
1941. __

94,150
80,946
71 ,853
52,806
45,521

137,687
115,291
94,347
71,027
65,949

69,053
60,065
56,039
41,870
37,317

24,381
19,506
8,048
1,837
753

44,253
35,720
30,260
27,320
27,879

25,097
20,881
15,814
10,936
8,204

1935 ___
1934 ___
1933 ___
1932 ___
1931. __

49,881
45,961
41,680
45,415
52,883

25,216
21,353
19,172
20,241
23,483

45,098
41,302
36,919
40,799
49,232

20,433
'16,694
14,411
15,625
19,832

811
1,733
852
418
439

23,854
22,875
21,656
24,756
28,961

4,783
4,659
4,761
4,616
3,651

1940 ___
1939 ___
1938 ___
1987 ___
1936 ___

38,661
33,360
29,730
30,687
29,002

60,253
54,938
51,148
51,769
49,830

31,962
27,355
24,313
25,198
23,780

828
792
599
666
1,142

27,463
26,791
26,236
25,905
24,908

6,699
6,005
5,417
5,489
5,222

1930 ___
1929 ___
1928 ___
1921- __
1926 ___

54,389
55,171
54,678
52,229
50,570

25,075
26,179
25,881
25,539
25,601

51,020
51,532
51,056
48,673
46,969

21,706
22,540
22,259
21,983
22,000

322
381
271
225
228

28,992
28,611
28,526
26,465
24,741

3,369
3,639
3,622
3,556
S ,601

66,952
60,943
56,565
57,258
55,052

See footnotes on next page.

276

176

CURRENCY AND GOLD

Data: N 172-184

SeriesN 172..,.178.-CURRENCY AND GOLD-ADJUSTED DEPOSITS OF BANKS AND CURRENCY


OUTSIDE BANKS: 1892 TO 1945-Con.
[In millions of dollars. Figures partly estimated]

YEAR

(June 30)

1925 ________
1924 ________
1923 ________
1922 ________
1921. _______

Total
deposits
adjusted
and currency
outside
banks

Demand
deposits
Curadjusted Total Demand U.S.
and cur- deposits deposits Govern- Time 3 rency
outside
addeposits
ment
rency adjusted
justed I deposits 2
banks
outside
banks

------ --- -----------178


174
175
176
177
172
173
-----------48,323
44,510
42,746
38,998
37,791

24,949
23,062
22,697
21,391
20,790

44,750
40,860
39,007
35,652
34,114

21,376
19.,412
18,958
18,045
17,113

180
189
327
170
418

23,194
21,259
19,722
17,437
16,583

3,573
3,650
3,739
3,346
3,677

1920 ________
1919 ________
1918 ________
1917 ________
1916 ________

39,859
35,605
31,423
28,154
24,201

23,721
21,217
18,141
15,777
13,849

35,754
32,012
28,125
25,878
22,325

19,616
17,624
14,843
13,501
11 ,973

304
965
1,565
834
39

15,834
13;423
11,717
11,543
10,313

4,105
3,593
3,298
2,276
1,876

1915 ________
1914 ________
1913 ________
1912 _____ " __
191L _______

20,682
20,031
19,403
18,865
17,762

11,403
11,615
10,998
10,918
10,377

19,107
18,498
17,545
17,103
16,053

9,828
10,082
9,140
9,156
8,668

48
66
49
58
48

9,231
8,350
8,356
7,889
7,337

1,575
1,533
1,858
1,762
1,709

1910 ________
1909 ________

16,977
15,794

9,979
9,459

15,252
14,103

54
70

6,944
6,265

1,725
1,691

8,254
7,768.

I Includes demand deposits, other than interbank and United States Government, less cash items in process of collection.
2 Beginning with Dec. 1938, includes United. States Treasurer's time deposits,
open account.

Total
deposits
adjusted
and currency
outside
banks

YEAR

(June 30)

1908 ________
1907 ________
1906 ________

Demand
deposits
Curadjusted Total Demand U.S.
rency
and cur- deposits deposits Govern- Time
deposits
a
adment
outside
reney adjusted
justed 1 deposits 2
banks
outside
banks

--- --- ------------ --176


172
173
174
175
177
178
--- --------- -----14,718
15,102
11,121

9,095
9,572
9,263

13,007
13,402
12,362

7,384
7,872
7,504

130
180
89

5,493
5,350
4,769

1,711
1,700
1,759

1905 ________
1904 ________
1903 ________
1902 ________
1901. _______

13,237
11,973
11 ,452
10,839
10,013

8,698
7,818
7,505
7,150
6,599

11 ,608
10,411
9,909
9,408
8,618

7,069
6,256
5,962
5,719
5,204

75
110
147
124
99

4,464
4,045
3,800
3,565
3,3J5

1,629
1,562
1,543
1,431
1,395

1900 ________
1899 ________
1898 ________
1897 ________
1896 ________

8,865
8.036
7;032
6,205
6,048

5,751
5.343
4;582
3,884
3,813

7,534
6.855
5;882
5,192
5,074

4,420
4,162
3,432
2,871
2,839

99
76
53
16
15

3,015
2,617
2,397
2 ;305
2,220

1,331
1,181
1,150
1,013
974

1895 ________
1894 ________
1893 ________
1892 ________

6,032
5,787
5.868
5,838

3,931
3,779
3,847
3,895

5,061
4,815
4,787
4,823

2,960
2,807
2,766
2,880

13
14
14
14

2,088
1,994
2,007
1,929

971
972
1,081
1,015

8 Total time deposits include amounts held by commercial banks, mutual savings banks and the Postal Savings System. The figures exclude interbank time deposits and Postal Savings redeposited in banks.
Time deposits at banks in
possessions are excluded

Series N 179-184.-CURRENCY AND .GOLD-AMOUNT COINED OF GOLD, SILVER AND MINOR


COIN, AND SILVER PRICES: 1789 TO 1945
[ Coinage figures represent face amount of coin]

COINAGE

YEAR

ealendar
year)

Total

179

SILYER PRICES

Gold

Silver

180

181

Bullion
value of
Minor coin the silver
dollar I
182

183

Average
commercial
ratio of
silver to
gold

COINAGE

SILVER PRICES

YEAR

(ealendar
year)

184

Total

Gold

Silver

179

180

181

Bullion
value of
Minor coin the silver
dollar 1
182

183

Average
commercial
ratio of
silver to
gold
184

1945_ _ $101,132,08 5
1944 __ 120,923,43
943 __ 136,237,13 6
942 __ 119,283,79 9
941._ 102,209,51 0

__________ _ $75,871,30 0$25,260,78 5 $0.40404


90,781,10 30;142,33 o 0.34853
___________ 105,772,800 30,464,336
0.34853
___________ 102 ,054,773 17,229,026 0.29889
___________ 76,120,483 26,089,027 0.27144

67.00
77.67
77.67
90.57
99.73

1905 __
1904 __
1903 __
1902 __
190L_

$58,269,17 7 $49,638,44 1 $6,332,18 1 $2,298,555 $0.47200


250,781,56 7233,402,42 815,695,610 1,683,529 0.44763
65,809,692 43,683,97019,874,440 2,251,281 0.41960
79,660,896 47,184,932 30,028,167 2,447,796 0.40835
134 , 693 ,770 101,735,18830,838,461 2,120,122 0.46093

33.87
35.70
38.10
39.15
34.68

194O __
1939 __
1938 __
1937._
193L~

50,157,850
38,289,170
12,718,179
31,123,993
46,388,101

----------- 29,359,834 20,798,017 0.27136


----------- 27,913,498 10,375,672 0.30470
----------- 8,998,493 3,719,686 0.33673
----------- 22,035,562 9,088,432 0.34956
--.:.----..:--- 34,656,955 11,731,147 0.35113

99.76
88.84
80.39
77.44
77.09

1900 __
1899 __
1898 __
1897 __
1896 __

137,649 ,427
139,243,192
102 ,144,626
96,041,882
70,975,678

1935 __
1934 __
1933 __
1932 __
1931._

38,580,924 ----------- 31,237,224


25,951,751 ----------- 22,091,840
13,136,225 $12,035,000
895,625
68,422,820 66,665,000 1,562,200
61,823,420 60,895,000
621,000

7,343,700
3,859,910
205,600
195,620
307,420

0.49950
0.37344
0.27068
0.21814
0.22440

54.19
72.49
59.06
73.29
71.25

1895 __
1894 __
1893 __
1892 __
1891._

8,730,510 2,440,000 2,658,300


193o __
54,225,400 40,235,000 8,590,500
1929 __
1928 __ 189,773,337 177,360,000 8,748,667
1927 __ 141,147,127 125,645,000 11,286,217
1926 __ 102 ,828,002 78,540,565 19,825,806

3,632,210
5,399,900
3,664,670
4,215,910
4,461,630

0.29751
0.41229
0.45237
0.43838
0.48284

53.74
38.78
35.34
36.47
33.11

1925 __
1924 __
1923 __
1922 __
1921._

19,874,218
21,627,040
66,283,038
84,325,030
89,057,536

4,202,645
2,309,690
2,927,080
71,600
1,155,310

0.53681
0.51906
0.50458
0.52543
0.48801

1920 __
1919 __
19 18 __
19 17 __
19 16 __

50,213,920 16,990,000 25,057,270


20,777,500 ----------- 11 ,068,400
31,445,691
25,473,029
35,540',403 -----10:014 29,412,300
33,743,376 18,525,026 8,880,800

8,166,650
9,709,100
5,972,662
6,118,089
6,337,550

19 15 __
19 14 __
19 13 __
19 12 __
19 11._

30,145,339
61,749,712
33,284,942
27,416,904
65,790,851

23,968,402
53,457,818
25,433,378
17,498,522
56,176,822

4,114,098
6,083,823
3,184,229
7,340,995
6,457,302

19 10 __ 111,505,133 104,723,735 3,744,468


19 09 __ 98,621,149 88,776,908 8,087,852
19 08 __ 145,499,148131,638,632 12,391,777
19 07 __ 148,128,052131,907,490 13,178,436
1906 __ 92,334,982 78,793,045 10,651,028

-----------

216,456,863 192 ,380,000


229 ,946 ,730 206,010,000
114,575,118 45,365,000
165,076 ,646 80,680,016
100,782 ,846 10,570,000

Value of the .silver dollar

(371~

99,272,942 36,345,347
111,344,220 26,061,520
77,985,758 23,034,033
76,028,485 18,487,297
47,053,060 23,089,899

2,031,137
1,837,452
1,124,835
1,526,100
832,719

0.47958
0.46525
0.45640
0.46745
0.52257

33.33
34.36
35.03
34.20
30.59

66,196,798
89,184,689
66,934,755
48,389,781
58,053,303

59,616,358 5,698,010
882,431
79,546,160 9,200,351
439,178
56,997,020 8,802,803 1,134,932
34,787,222 12,641,078
961,480
29,222,005 27,518,857 1,312,441

0.50587
0.4:}O97
0.60351
0.67401
0.76416

31.60
32.56
26.49
23.72
20.92

1890 __
1889 __
1888 __
1887 __
1886 __

61,054,883
58,194,023
65,318,615
60,379,151
61,375,438

20,467,182 39,202,908 1,384,792


21,413,931 35,496,683 1,283,408
31,380,808 33,025,606
912,201
23,972,383 35,191,081 1,215,686
28,945,542 32,086,710
343,186

0.80927
0.72325
0.72683
0.75755
0.76931

19.75
22.10
22.00
21.10
20.78

29.78
30.80
31.69
30.43
32.76

1885 __
1884 __
1883 __
1882 __
1881._

56,926,811
53,323,106
60,093,729
94,821,217
125,219,206

27,773,012 28,962,176
191,622
23,991,756 28,534,866
796,484
29,241,990 29,246,968. 1,604,770
65,887,685 27,973,132
960,400
96,850,890 27,940,164
428,152

0.82379
0.85904
0.85754
0.87833
0.87575

19.41
18.61
18.64
18.20
18.25

0.78844
0.86692
0.76142
0.69242
0.53094

20.28
18.44
21.00
24.61
30.78

1880 __
1879 __
1878 __
1877 __
1876 __

90,111,369
66,814,859
78,363,088
72,401,434
71 ,293 ,560

62,308,279 27,411,694
39,080,080 27,569,776
49,786,052 28,518,850
43,999,864 28,393,045
46,579,452 24,503,308

391,396
165,003
58,186
8,52.5
210,800

0.88564
0.86928
0.89222
0.92958
0.90039

18.05
18;39
17.92
17.20
17.75

2,062,840
2,20.8,071
4,667,335
2,577,386
3,156,726

0.40135
0.42780
0.46760
0.47543
0.41709

40.48
37.37
34.19
33.62
88.33

1875 __
1874 __
1873 __
1872 __
187L_

48,546,803
42,448,882
61,426,950
24,686,514
24,236,613

32,951,940
35,254,680
57,022,748
21,812,645
21,032,685

246,970
342,475
379,455
369,380
99,890

0.96086
0.98909
1.00368
1.022
1.025

16.64
16.16
15.93
15.63
15.57

3,036,930
1,756,389
1,468,739
3,042,126
2,890,909

0.41825
0.40231
0.41371
0.51164
0.52353

38.22
39.74
38.64
31.24
30.54

1870 __
1869 __
1868 __
1867 _:.
1866 __

24,927,368
19,812,130
22,142,880
26,557,411
33.461,314

350,325
23,198,788 1,378,256
968,000
17,582,988 1,266,143
19,371 ,388 1,074,343 1,697,150
908,876 1,819,910
23,828,625
982,409 1,042.960
31,435,945

1.027
1.024
1.025
1.027
1.036

15.57
15.60
15.59
15.57
15.48

15,347,893
6,851,777
4,024,748
2,504,488
3,104,038

grains of pure silver) at the annual average price of silver for each calendar year.

2'17

Data: N 179-187

BANKING AND FINANCE

Series N 179-184.-'-CURRENCY AND GOLD-AMOUl'-JT COn'JED OF GOLD, SILVER AND MINOR


COIN, AND SILVER PRICES: 1789 TO 1945-Con.
[Coinage figures represent face amount of coin 1
SILVER PRICES

COINAGE
YEAR

(calendar
year)

Total

Gold

179

180

Silver

Minor
coin

181

182

COINAGE

Bullion
value of
the silver
dollar 1

Average
commercial
ratio of
silver to
gold

183

184

Total

Minor
coin

Silver

Gold

184

15.38
15.33
15.33
15.59
15.46

179
180
181
182
1825 _____ _ $1,735,894
$156,385 $1,564,583 $14,926
1824 ______ 1,858,297
93,200 1,752,477
12,620
1823 ______
967,975
72,425
895,550 --------1822 ______
915,510
88,980
805,806
20,723
182L _____ 1,018,977
189,325
825,762
3,890
1820 ______ 1,864,786 1,319,030
501,681
44,076
1819 ______ 1,425,325
258,615 1,140,000
26,710
1818 ______ 1,345,064
242,940 1,070,454
31,670
1817 ______
647,268 ----------607,784
39,484
1816 ______
56,786 ----------28,576
29,210
1815 ______
20,483
3,175
17,308 --------1814 ______
642,536
77,270
561,688
3,578
1813 ______ 1,102,272
477,140
620,952
4,180
1812 ______ 1,115,220
290,435
814,030
10,755
181L _____ 1,108,741
608,340
497,905
2,496

1.018
1.013
1.008
1.011
1.005

15.70
15.78
15.85
15.80
15.90

1810 ______ 1,155,868


1809 ______
884,753
1808 ______
982,055
1807 ______ 1,044,596
1806 ______
801,084

501,435
169,375
284,665
437,495
324,505

638,774
707,376
684,300
597,449
471 ,319

15,660
8,002
13,090
9.652
5;260

15.77
15.96
16.08
15.43
15.52

1.004
1.008
1.003
1.007
1.018

15.92
15.85
15.93
15.87
15.70

1805 ______
1804 ______
1803 ______
1802 ______
180L _____

333,239
371 ,828
370.699
516 ;076
510,956

170,368
258,642
258.378
423 ;310
422,570

149,388
100,340
87,118
58,343
74,758

13,483
12,845
25,203
34,423
13,628

15.79
15.41
15.41
15.26
15.46

1,726,703
2,209,778
2,333,243
2,096,010
3,606,100

24,627
1.023
31,287
1.023
63,702
1.008
55,583
1.009
23,100 -----------

15.62
15.62
15.85
15.83
15.72

1800 ______
1799 ______
1798 ______
1797 ______
1796 ______

571 ,335
645,907
545,698
152,251
165,403

317,760
213,285
205,610
128,190
77,960

224,296
423,515
330,291
14,550
77,118

29,279
9,107
9,797
9,510
10,324

15.68
15.74
15.59
15.41
15.65

2,186,175
3,954,270
978,550
798,435
714,270

3,443,003
3,415,002
2,759,000
2,579,000
3,175,600

39,489
19,151
28,160
23,620
33,604

-------------------------------

15.80
15.73
15.93
15.73
15.72

15.55
15.37
15.00
15.17
15.05

643,105
295,718
140,145
131,565
92,245

2,495,400
1,994,578
1,575,600
2,869,200
2,002,090

17,115 ----------16,580 ------ ... ---25,636 ----------23,577 ----------16,344 -----------

15.82
15.78
15.78
15.74
15.76

1795 ______
438,259
71,485
366,276
498
1794 ______
14,001 -------.---4,408
9,593
1793 ______
1,282 ----------- ----------1,282
1792 ______
----------- ----------- ----------- --------179L _____ --------------------- ----------- --------1790 ______ --------------------- ------------------1789 _______ _ - - - - ------------- ----------- ---------

1865 _____ _ $29,954,665 $28,295,108


1864 _____ _ 21,618,019 20,081,415
1863 ______ 23,753,150 22,445,482
1862 ______ 22,409,264 20,875,998
186L _____ 87,280,270 83,395,530
1860 ______ 25,938,704 23,473,654
1859 ______ 18,429,020 14,780,570
1858 ______ 31,679,784 22,938,414
______ 37,870,810 32,214,040
1856 ______ 42,027,115 36,857,768
1855 ______ 32,905,244 29,387,968
1854 ______ 34,577,871 25,915,962
1853 ______ 48,522,540 39,377,909
1852 ______ 57,896,228 56,846,188
185L _____ 63,488,525 62,614,492
1850 ______ 33,892,306
1849 ______ 11 ,164,696
1848 ______
5,879,720
1847 ______ 22,638,612
1846 ______
6,633,966

$691,005 $968,553
609,917 926,687
809,268 498,400
1,252,516 280,750
3,783,740 101,000

$1.035
1.040
1.040
1.041
1. 031

15.37
15.35
15.50

2,259,390
3,284,450
8,495,370
5,478,760
5,142,240

205,660
364,000
246,000
178,010
27,107

1.045
1.052
1.039
1.046
1.039

15.29
15.19
15.38
15.27
15.38

3,501,245
8,619,270
9,077 ,571
999,410
774,397

16,031
42,638
67,060
50,631
99,635

1.039
1.042
1.042
1.025
1.034

31,981,738
9,007,762
3,775,512
20,202,325
4,034,178

1,866,100
2,114,950
2,040,050
2,374,450
2,558,580

44,468
41,984
64,158
61,837
41,208

1845 ______
5,668,596
1844- _____
7,687,208
1843 ______ 11 ,967 ,831
1842 ______ 4,185,991
184L _____ 2,240,581

3,756,448
5,427,670
8,108,798
1,829,408
1,091,858

1,873,200
2,235,550
3,834,750
2,332,750
1,132,750

38,948
23,988
24,283
23,834
15,974

1840 ______
1839 ______
1838 ______
1837 ______
1836 ______

3,426,812
3,617,912
4,206,710
3,299,898
7,764.900

1,675,482
1,376,848
1,809,765
1,148,305
4,135,700

1835 ______
1834 ______
1833 ______
1832 ______
183L _____

5,668,667
7,388,423
3,765,710
3,401,055
3,923,474

1830 ______
1829 ______
1828 ______
1827 ______
1826 ______

3,155,620
2,306,876
1,741,381
3,024,342
2,110,679

~857

YEAR

(calendar
year)

AVerage
commercia
ratio of
silver to
gold

---------------------

i~:ii'

._-

15.70
15.82
15.84
15.80
15.95
15.62
15.33
15.35
15.11
15.28
15.26
15.04
16.25
16.11
15.53

15.04
14.75

Value of the silver dollar (371U grains of pure silver) at the annual average price of silver for each calendar year.

Series N 185-187.-SHORT-TERM INTEREST RATES-OPEN-MARKET RATES IN NEW YORK CITY:


1890 TO 1945
[Percent per annum J

YEAR

Stock
exchange
time loans,
90 days 1

Prime
commercial
paper, 4 to 6
months 1

Stock
exchange
renewal call
loans'

185

186

187

YEAR

Stock
exchange
time loans,
90 days 1

Prime
commercial
paper, 4 to 6
months 1

Stock
exchange
renewal call
loans 2

185

186

187

1945 ______
1944 ______
1943 ______
1942 ______
194L _____

1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25

0.75
0.73
0.69
0.66
0.54

1.00
1.00
1.00
1. 00
1.00

1925 ______
1924 ______
1923 ______
1922_ ~ ____
192L _____

4.23
3.64
5.14
4.53
6.15

4.02
3.98
5.07
4.52
6.62

4.18
3.08
4.86
4.29
5.97

1940 ______
1939 ______
1938 ______
1937 ______
1936 ______

1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.16

0.56
0.59
0.81
0.94
0.75

1.00
'litlO
,1.00
"1.00
0'.91

1920 ______
1919 ______
1918 ______
1911- _____
1916 ______

8.06
5.83
5.90
4.62
3.25

7.50
5.37
6.02
5.07
3.84

7.74
6.32
5.28
3.43
2.62

1935 ______
1934 ______
1933 ______
1932 ______
193L _____

0.56
0.90
1.11
1.87
2.15

0.76
1.02
1. 73
2.73
2.64

0:56
1.00
1.16
2.05
1. 74

1915 ______
1914 ______
1913 ______
1912 ______
191L _____

2.85
4.37
4.64
4.16
3.22

4.01
5.47
6.20
5.41
4.75

1.92
3.43
3.22
3.52
2.57

1930 ______
1929 ______
1928 ______
1927 ______
1926 ______

3.26
7.75
5.86
4.35
4.60

3.59
5.85
4.85
4.11
4.34

2.94
7.61
6.04
4.06
4.50

1910 ______
1909 ______
1908 ______

4.03
3.26
3.24

5.72
84.67
85.00

2.98
2.71
1.92

Averages of weekly prevailing rates.

278

Averages of daily quotations.

YEAR

Stock
exchange
time loans,
90 days 1

Prime
commercial
paper, 4 to 6
months 1

Stock
exchange
renewal call
loans 2

185

186

187

1901- _____
1906 ______

6.49
5.71

86.66
6.25

7.01
6.54

1905 ______
1904 ______
1903 ______
1902 ______
190L _____

3.82
3.10
4.84
5.05
4.24

5.18
5.14
6.16
5.81
5.40

4.44
1. 78
3.71
5.15
4.00

1900 ______
1899 ______
1898 ______
1897 ______
1896 ______

3.94
4.19
3.31
2.68
4.83

5.71
5.50
5.34
4.72
7.02

2.94
5.08
2.18
1. 75
4.28

1895 ______
1894 ______
1893 ______
1892 ______
189L _____
1890 ______

2.82
2.30
5.08
3.80
4.83
5.31

5.80
5.22
7.64
5.40
6.48
6.91

1. 88
1. 07
4.57
3.08
3.42
5.84

Includes one or more interpolated items.

Data: N 188-200

MONEY RATES, SECURITY MARKETS

Series N 188-195.-SHORT-TERM INTEREST RATES-COMMERCIAL AND CUSTOMER BANK


LOAN RATES IN PRINCIPAL CITIES: 1919 TO 1945
[Weighted averages. Percent per annum J

YEAR

CUSTOMER LOAN RATES

COMMERCIAL LOAN RATES

COMMERCIAL LOAN RATES

11
7
Southern
Total, New York Northern
and
and
19 cities
City
Eastern
Western
cities
cities

11
7
Southern
Total
New York Northern
and
and
City
19 cities
Eastern Western
cities
cities

189

188

190

YEAR

191

188

189

191

190

2.39
2.59
2.72
2.61
2.54.

1.99
2.11
2.30
2.07
1.97

2.51
2.68
2.80
2.58
2.55

2.73
3.02
3.13
3.26
3.19

1935 _____
1934 _____
1933 _____
1932 _____
193L ____

2.93
3.45
4.27
4.71
4.30

1. 76
2.45
3.43
4.20
3.82

3.39
3.71
4.46
4.81
4.26

3.76
4.32
5.04
5.21
4.90

1940 ______
1939 1___ ":_
1938 ______
1937 ______
1936 ______

2.63
2.78
2.53
2.59
2.68

2.04
2.07
1.69
1. 73
1. 72

2.56
2.87
2.75
2.88
3.04

3.38
3.51
3.26
3.25
3.40

1930_ ~ ___
1929 _____
1928 _____

4.85
5.83
5.1.7

4.39
5.76
4.96

4.84
5.82
5.16

5.40
5.93
541

Northern Southern
New York
and
and
City
Eastern Western
cities
cities
194

193

192

1945 ______
1944 ______
1943 ______
1942 ______
194L __ . __

Total,
leading
cities

YEAR

195,

1929 _____
1928 _____
1927 _____
1926 _____

6.02
5.38
4.96
5.08

5.88
5.15
4.53
4.67

6.04
5.34
4.88
5.06

6.14
'5.70
5.60
5.61

1925 _____
1924- ____
1923 _____
1922 _____
192L ____

4.98
5.10
5.52
5.53
6.68

4.47
4.60
5.19
5.07
6.34

4.98
5.11
5.50
5.48
6.76

5.58
5.71
5.94
6.14
6.99

1920 _____

6.58
5.73

6.25
5.51

6.74
5.73

6.75
6.00

I 1919 _____

Beginning with March 1939 this is on a quarterly basis. Prior to that time figures were reported monthly on a basis not strictly comparable with the quarterly series.

Series N 196-200.-BOND AND STOCK YIELDS-BASIC YIELDS OF CORPORATE BONDS BY


TERM TO MATURITY: 1900 TO 1945
[ Percent per annum 1
YEARS TO MATURITY
YEAR

YEARS TO MATURITY

o years

5 years

10 years

20 years

50 years

196

197

198

199

200

1945 _________ - - - -- __
1944 ___________ - ____ ------------------1943 __________ - -- - -- ---------1942 __________ --- - -0.55
194L ___ -' ___ - - - - - - -0.15

1.53
1.58
1.71
1. 50
1.21

2.14
2.20
2.16
2.16
1.88

2.55
2.60
2.61
2.61
2.50

12.55
12.60
12.65
22.65
22.65

1940 ________________
1939 ____________ - - __
1938 ____ ______ - ___
1937 ________________
1936 ____________ ----

0.10
0.25
0.40
0.35
0.25

1.28
1.55
1.97
1.68
1.86

1.95
2.18
2.60
2.38
2.64

2.55
2.65
2.91
2.90
3.04

22.70
22.75
23.00
23.22
3.29

1935 __________ -- ____


1934 ________________
1933 ________________
1932 ________________
1931 _________ - ______

0.50
22 .. 00
22.00
83.60
2.35

2.37
3.48
3.68
34.58
3.90

3.00
3.70
4.00
4.70
4.03

3.37
3.91
4.11
4.70
4.10

3.50
4.00
4.15
4.70
4.10

1930 ________________
1929 ________________
1928 ________________
1927 ________________
1926 __________ .: _____

4.40
5.60
4.05
4.30
4.40

4.40
4.72
4.05
4.30
4.40

4.40
4.57
4.05
4.30
4.40

4.40
4.45
4.05
4.30
4.40

4.40
4.40
4.05
4.30
4.40

1925 ________________
1924 ________________
1923 ________________

3.30
5.05
5.05

4.46
4.90
L90

4.50
4.80
4.80

4.50
4.69
4.68

4.50
4.65
4.60

1
2

Represents bonds of 40 years to maturity. More than usually liable to error.


More than usually liable to error.

/I

YEAR

o years

5 years

10 years

20 years

50 years

. 196

197

198

199

200

1922 _______________
192L ______________

5.35
27.25

5.19
6.21

5.06
5.73

4.85
5.31

4.61
5.15

1920 _______________
1919 _______________
1918 ___________ ..: ___
1917 _______________
1916 _______________

6.25
5.75
5.55
4.05
2.75

5.72
5.16
5.25
4.05
4.03

5.43
4.97
5.05
4.05
4.05

5.17
4.81
4.82
4.05
4.05

5.10
4.75
4.75
4.05
4.05

1915 _______________
1914 _______________
1913 _______________
1912 _______________
1911 _______________

4.50
4.70
4.95
4.05
4.10

4.39
4.45
4.31
4.00
4.05

4.31
4.32
4.12
3.. 96
4.01

4.20
4.16
4.02
3.91
3.94

4.15
4.10
4.00
3.90
3;90

4.30
4.05

3.99
3.91
s 4.02
3.80
3.55

3.87
3.82
2.95
3.80
3.55

3.80
3.75
3.95
3.80
3.55

191 0 _______________
1909 _____ " _________
1908 _______________
1907 _______________
1906 _______________

35.75
s 5.25

4.10
3.97
34.30
s 3.87
83.67

1905 _______________
1904 _______________
1903 _______________
1902 2______________
190L ______________

3.50
3.60
3.45
3.30
3.25

3.50
3.60
3.45
3.30
3.25

3.50
3.60
3.45
3.30
3.25

3.50
3.60
3.45
3.30
3.25

3.50
3.60
3.45
3.30
3.25

1900 _______________

a 4.25

33.36

3.30

3.30

3.30

s 5.50

a One alternative value; the other is equal to the longest term yield shown.

BANKING AND FINANCE

Data: N 201-211

Series N 201-211.-BOND AND STOCK YIELDS: 1857 TO 1945


BONDS (PERCENT PER ANNUM)

Adjusted index number of yields


of American railroad bonds
YEAR

Low

High

201
202
1945 ____________________________________ ~ _________ _
1944 ______________________________________________ _
1943 ______________________________________________ _
1942 ______________________________________________ _
1941 ______________________________________________ _
1940 _____________ - ________________________________ _
1939_'_______________________________ - ___________ - __
1938 ______________________________________________ _
1937 ______________________________________________ _
3.125
3.360
1936___________________
1935 __________________ _
3.397
3.523
1934 _____________ - - ___ _
3.611
4.084
1933 __________________ _
4.076
4.515
1932 __________________ _
4.375
4.898
1931 ________ .__________ _
4.002
4.736
1930 __________________ _
4.096
4.386
1929 __________________ _
4.393
4.575
1928 __________________ _
4.049
4.377
1927 __________________ _
4.040
4.253
1926 __________________ _
4.278
4.395
1925 __________________ _
4.500
4.390
1924 __________________ _
4.422
4.613
1923 __________________ _
4.633
4.431
1922 __________________ _
4.242
4.513
1921 __________________ _
4.591
5.238
1920 __________________ _
4.905
5.487
1919 __________________ _
4.927
1918 __________________ _
~~~Z
4.824
1917 __________________ _
4.695
1916 __________________ _
3.984
4.086

COMMON STOCK INDEXES

U.S.
Government 2

Municipal
high
grade I

203

204

1.66
1.92 .
1.98
2.09
1.95

1.67
1.86
2.06
2.36
2.10
2.'50
2.76

Preferred
stocks (
(percent)

All stocks

Industrial

Railroad

Utilities

Coal

Retail
trade

205

206

207

208

209

210

211

3.70
3.99
4.06
4.31
4.08
4.. 14 ___________________________________________________________ _

2.21
2.36
2.56
2.68
2.65

3.10
3.07

4.33

4.35

4.27

5.32

4.31

7.09

4.46

2.79
3.12
3.31
3.68
3.34

3.41
4.03
4.71
4.65
4.01

4.63
5.29
5.75
6.13
5.04

3.88
3.92
4.05
6.69
5.58

3.51
3.45
3.56
6.58
5.82

2.94
3.09
2.50
5.30
6.89

5.97
6.56
6.27
7.36
4.43

7.43
4.07
2.92
5.22
7.15

3.75
3.28
4.80
6.66
5.64

3.29
3.60
3.33
3.34
3.68

4.07
4.27
4.05
3.98
4.08

4.95
5.12
5.12
5.51
5.78

4.26
3.48
3.98
4.77
5.32

4.45
3.65
3.82
4.72
5.24

5.27
4.29
4.76
4.89
5.52

3:19
2.29
4.09
4.96
5.57

3.58
4.83
4.52
4.27
4.51

3.80
2.56
2.56
3.30
3.10

3.86
4.06
4.36
4.30
5.09

4.09
4.20
4.25
4.23
5.09

5.90
6.08
6.12
6.14
6.80

5.19
5.87
5.94
5.80
6.49

4.75
5.25
5.40
5.37
5.84

5.66
6.44
6.29
5.95
7.08

6.13
7.35
7.59
7.62
8.29

2.91
6.28
6.14
4.26
8.60

2.18
2.83
2.64
2.96
4.66

5.32
4.73

4.98
4.46

6.79
6.31

6.13
5.75
7.24
7.90
5.62

5.54
5.18
7,71
9.78
6.16

6.81
6.26
6,82
6.12
5.13

8.06
7.37
7.57
6.75
5.72

7.05
7.05
10.22
1. 78
2.31

5.39
4.30
6.20
5.52
4.67
5.37
5.24
5.30
4.33
4.94

~.i1J.

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -~---4~87- -----4:9i- -----3:76- -----5:i2- -----4~55- -----6:04-

~.~,!

4:45

3:923

1915 __________________ _
1914 _______________ - __ _
1913 _______________ - __ _
1912 __________________ _
1911 __________________ _

4.048
3.998
3.916
3.837
3.823

4.285
4.225
4.138
3.931
3.873

4.96
5.01
5.37
4.85
4.92

4.14
5.31
5.71
4.98
5.36

5.21
4.64
5.16
4.73
4.68

6.01
6.06
5.66
5.11
5.28

2.86
3.66
2.51
3.00
0.00

1910 __________________ _
1909 __________________ _
1908 _________ - _____ - __ _
1907 __________________ _
190B _______'___________ _

3.732
3.605
3.643
3.602
3.482

3.866
3.727
3.841
4.062
3.600

4.80
4.31
4.94
5.38
3.83

5.14
3.65
4.81
6.16
4.18

4.63
4.47
4.97
5.21
3.58

5.04
4.57
4.93
4.79
4.67

0.00
6.72
0.00
6.61
1.26 ---------0.00 ---------0.00 -- ... -------

1905 _________ - ________ _


1904 __________________ _
1903 __________________ _
1902 ___________ ._______ _
1901 ___ ,____________ ,___ _

3.441
3.473
3.362
3.197
3.140

3.491
3.565
3.586
3.364
3.219

3.53
4.20
4.66
3.71
3.78

3.76
4.83
6.77
4.83
5.25

3.20
3.85
3.90
3.21
3.25

4.77
4.64
4.60
4.03
3.84

0.36
0.80
2.37
2.26
0.00

YEAR

ADJUSTED INDEX NUMBER OF YIELDS


OF AMERICAN RAILROAD BONDS
(PERCENT PER .ANNUM)

Low

High

202

201

--------------------------------------- ------

ADJUSTED INDEX NUMBER OF YIELDS


OF AMERICAN RAILROAD BONDS
(PERCENT PER ANNUM)

COMMON STOCK INDEXES

All stocks

Industrial

Railroad

Utilities

Low

206

207

208

209

201

High

202

1900 ____
1899 ____
1898 ____
1897 ____
1896 ____

3.150
3.071
3.168
3.247
3.445

3.202
3.226
3.386
3.413
3.687

4.28
3.21
3.74
3.88
4.12

4.77
3.62
5.04
5.32
5.56

3.93
3.03
3.38
3.47
3.77

5.30
3.47
4.06
4.73
4.76

6.297
6.418
6.169
6.245
6.160

6.651
6.717
6.437
6.415
6.607

1895 ____
1894 ____
1893 ____
1892 ____
189L ___

3.392
3.514
3.697
3.679
3.747

3.566
3.727
4.056
3.749
3.901

3.93
4.58
4.98
4.16
4.28

5.46
6.05
8.12
5.61
5.96

3.50
4.17
4.35
3.77
3.83

4.99
5.94
5.45
5.05
5.44

5.401
4.363
4.440
4.939
6. :l01

6.408
5.194
5.032
6.136
6.482

1890 ____
1889 ____ .
1888 ____
1887 ____
1886 ____

3.584
3.476
3.637
3.703
3.638

3.832
3.599
3.742
3.859
3.768

4.01
3.88
4.18
4.24
3.85

5.07
4.41
4.29
5.13
5.46

3.54
3.35
3.84
4.09
3.75

6.03
6.26
6.11
4.88
3.75

5.812
6.086
6.107
6.577

6.440
6.368
7.175
8.230

1885 ____
1884 ____
1883 ____
1882 ____
188L ___

3.883
4.063
4.185
4.159
4.036

4.113
4.252
4.249
4.236
4.224

5.09
6.31
5.69
5.16
4.85

6.02
6.25
6.26
5.23
5.06

4.71
6.13
5.47
5.07
4.84

8.14
8.04
7.34
6.18
4.64

1880 ____
1879 ____
1878 ____
1877 ____
1876 ____

4.176
4.668
5.026
5.112
5.089

4.643
4.922
5.157
5.260
5.243

4.78
4.70
5.12
5.70
7.02

6.85
4.76
5.34
4.21
6.99

4.64
4.64
5.15
5.94
7.02

4.07
5.25
4.61
5.01
6.98

1875 ____
1874 ____
1873 ____
1872 ____
1871- ___

5.299
5.631
6.49
6.41
7.90
6.06
5.703
6.080
6.89
7.92
6.80
6.72
6.497
6.062
6.54
2.81
6.98
6.49
6.074
6.266
5.70
6.18
2.12
5.10
6.418
5.26
2.98
6.250
4.80
5.48
1 Represents the lowest month and highest month, respectively, for given year.
4 Standard and Poor's high-grade series. From 1919-1926 percentage is based
s Average yields on long-term, partially tax-exempt bonds.
01'1 20 issues, and from 1927-1945 on 15 issues, of non-callable public utility and
industrial stocks.
I Standard and Poot's Corporation.

280

MONEY RAT.ES, SECURITY MARKETS

Data: .N

212:-Z23

Series N 212-220.-BOND AND STOCK PRICES: 1871 TO 1945


BONDS (PRICE PER $100 BOND)

YEAR

U.S.
Government 1

Municipal Corporate
high
high
grade 2
grade 3

212

214

213

1945 ______
194L_____
1941L _____
1942 ______
1941. _____

$102.0
100.8
100.5
100.7
111.0

$139.6
185.7
131.8
126.2
180.9

$122.1
120.9
120.3
118.3
117.8

1940 ______
1989 ______
1938 ______
1987 ______
1986 ______

107.2
105.2
102.5
100.9
101.3

123.6
119.0
116.6
113.3
113.8

115.9
113.8
111.1
110.2
109.5

1935 ______
1984 ______
1933 ______
1932 _____ ...
1931. _____

99.5
95.4
93.1
88.9
92.8

108.6
99.7
91.0
91, 7
100.0

105.5
98.2
91.2
84.4
92.8

1930 ______
1929 ______
1928 ______
1927. _____
1926 ______

108.8
104.8
108.3
108.1
103.8

99.0
96.5
99.3
100.3
98.9

1925 ______
1924 __ ~ ___
1923 ______
1922 ___ ~ __
1921. _____

101.7
99.3
95.9
96.6
88.2

98.8
97.3
96.7
96.9
86.4

INDEX OF COMMON STOCK PRICES (1926=100)

All
stocks

Industrial

Railroad

Utilities

Coal

INDEl: OF COMMON STOCK PRICES (1926-100)

Retail
trade

-- 216
- - - 217
- - - 218
- - - 219
- - - 220
215
- - ---- ---- - ------- - ------- - ------- - ------- - ------- - ---------------------- --------

-------- -------- ------- ...


--------------- -------- -------- --------------- -------- -------- ---------------

-------- --------------- --------------- --------

-------- --------

-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------------- -------- -------- --------------- -------- -------- -------111.8
131.3
49.3
94.8
91.0
13.1
111.0
127.3
104.3
51.2
15.5
92.1

-------- ---- ... ---------- --------

78.3
72.4
63.0
48.6
94.7

90.8
81.1
65.7
46.5
87.4

34.0
41.5
37.7
26.4
72.5

71.4
68.9
78.1
79.1
148.7

14.8
16.5
13.4
11.8

28.5

78.7
73.0
54.6
45.2
82.6

90.9
89.1
91. 8
91.6
90.1

149.8
190.3
149.9
118.3
100.0

140.6
189.4
154.3
118.5
100.0

124.9
147.3
128.5
119.1
100.0

214.6
234.6
148.9
116.0
100.0

61.5
91.0
98.7
106.1
100:0

105.7
178.5
160.7
114.8
100.0

.88.3
86.6
85.0
85.5
76.6

89.7
72.8
69.0
67.7
52.2

88.4
69.7
66.6
64.7
51.6

89.5
76.7
71. 9
72.7
6~.8

94.9
78.9
73.8
70.9
57.8

92.2
105.9
124.5
134.0
124.8

85.6
53.5
38.7
30.1
23.5

64.2
70.7
60.7
68.3
76.2

66.1
72.6
56.7
62.6
67.2

64.0
70.1
68.7
76.3
86.9

54.5
60.3
59.9
74.4
82.6

136.6
139.9
121.4
111.7
85.9

31.7
32.9
23.5
25.5
25.4

66.2
63.8
67.3
75.5
73.2

51.7
43.5
44.3

~2~

80.9 .
84.0
90.4

.!i-O.O

199:1

76.0
74.0
77.1
85.9
82.8

68.2
51.6
54.1
67.0
66.9

20.1
18.0
17.8
18.8
15.2

74.1
76.9
61.6

48.8
48.4
36.3

100.8
106.6
86.4

78.6
79.8
66.3

64.2
82.3
50.6

13.4

1920 ______
85.9
75.2
87.7
1919 ______
91.9
94.0
8l.9
1918 ______ --------- ... ---------- ---------1917 ______ ---------- ---------- ---------1916 ______ ------------------- ---------1915 ______ ---------- ---------- ---------1914 _______
---------- ---------1913 ______ --------- ------------------1912 _______------------------ --------- ---------1911. ______ --------- - --------- ---------1910 _______ --------- - --------- - --------1909 _______ ----------------- - --------1908 _______ --------- -- --------- ---------

1919-1941, prices derived from average yields of partially tax-exempt


on basis of 4 percent 16-year bond through December 1930 and on basis
percent 16-year bond through 1941; 1942-1945, price derived from average
able bonds due or callable in 15 years and over. 1919-1941, based on 2 to 6
1942-1945, based on 1 to 9 issues.
I

bonds,
of 2 ~
of taxissues;

All
stocks

YEAR

Industrial

Railroad

Utilities

Coal

216

217

218

219

------------ --215

- - - - - -- - - - - -

1907. ____
1906 _____

62.1
76.3

37.3
46.7

86.1
104.4

71. 8
96.4

55.7
57.8

1905 _____
1904 _____
1903 _____
1902 _____
1901. ____

71.1
55.7
57.0
66.2
62.0

40.0
28.4
31.1
38.2
39.0

97.6.
75.5
75.8
87.0
76.7

106.1
100.2
101.3
116.9
115.2

54.6
39.2
48.7
59.8
56.9

1900 _____
1899 _____
1898 _____
1897 _____
1896 _____

48.6
49.8
40.0
35.2
33.5

32.9
35.7
26.7
22.6
21.6

57.1
55.8
45.1
40.1
38.3

100.3
114.9
97.0
85.1
78.0

50.8
45.7
18.8
16.3
19.8

1895 _____
1894 _____
1893 _____
1892 _____
1891. ____

35.8
37.7
43.9
39.8

24.2
23.3
25.8
31.0
27.9

40.7
39.7
43.4
50.8
46.6

79.7
74.9
76.6
79.2
67.0

22.2
24.0
32.3
83.8
30.1

1890 _____
1889 _____
1888 _____
1887 _____
1886 _____

41. 7
42.1
41.1
43.7
42.4

.29.0
31.5
26.1
25.2
24.1

48.4
48.1
48.4
52.4
50.8

75.2
77.0
70.3
70.2
69.6

38.7
34.9
34.5
38.4
31.5

1885 _____
1884 _____
1883 _____
1882 _____
1881. ____

36.3
37.4
44.S
46.7
49.5

21.3
19;9
21.9
28.4
23.6

43.4
45.0
53.5
55.7
59.4

61. 4
62.8
79.4
84.2
87.4

17.2
14.8
24.4
35.8
4.1.0

1880 _____
1879 _____
1878 _____
1877 _____
1876 _____

41.2
32.6
26.7
24.8
32.1

20.1
18.1
17.0
17.1
21.6

49.3
38.1
30.7
28.3
36.8

72.0
61.4
51.9
45.4
57.6

83.6
25.1
24.7
27.5
4.0.9

1875 _____
1874 _____
1873 _____
1872 _____
1871. ____

35.1
36.2
38.0
39.8
37.1

21.5
22.8

40.3
41. 5
43.9
46.0
43.7

68.1
68.1
70.7
77.9
65.9

45.6
47.2
44.7
37.1
36.2

34.7

22<'1

22.4
18.6

Based on prices derived from average. yields as computed by Standard and


Poor's on basis of a 4 percent 20-year bond. 15 issues are included throughout.
I Based for period 1919-1928 on 45 high-grade bonds; 1929-1936, on a varyiag
number of high-grade bonds; 1937-1945, on 15 high-grade.

Series N 221-223.-CAPITAL ISSUES-NEW CAPITAL AND REFUNDING: 1919 TO 1945


[In millions of dollars]

YEAR

Total
issues

New
capital

Refunding

221

222

223

YEAR

Total
issues

New
capital

Refundjng

221

222

223

YEAR

Total
issues

New
capital

Refundtng

221

222

223

1945 ____________
1944 ____________
1943 ____________
1942 _____ ______
1941. ___________

8,046.2
4,295.9.
2,228.2
2,114;5
5,545.9

1,774.7
936.4
643.5
1,075.1
2,853.9

6,271.5
3,359.5
1,584.7
1,039.4
2,692.0

1935 ____________
1934 ____________
1933 ____________
1932 ____________
1931. ___________

4,752.3
2,212.3
1,053.7
1,730.3
4,022.9

1,412.1
1,386.3
709.5
1,192.2
3,115.5

3,340.2
825.9
344.2
538.0
907.4

1925 ____________
1924 ____________
1923 ____________
1922 ____________
1921. ___________

7,126.0
6,352.5
4,989.7
5,235.9
4,203.8

6,220.2
5;593.2
4,304.4
4,804.4
3,575.7

905.9
759.3
685.8
931. 6
627.1

1940 ____________
1939 ____________
1938 ____________
1937 ____________
1936 ____________

4,805.9
5,853.1
4,459.2
4,001.3
6,254.3

1,950.5
2,298.4
2,355.0
2,100.7
1,973.3

2,855.4
3,554 .. 7
2,104.1
1,900.6
4,281.0

1930 ____________
7,677.0
1929 ____________ 11 ,592.2
1928 ____________ 9,991.8
1927 ____________
9,933.7
1926 ____________
7,430.3

7,023.4
10,182.8
8,114.4
7,791.1
6,344.1

653.7
1,409.4
1,877.5
2,142.6
1,086.1

1920 ____________
1919 ____________

4,010.0
4,286.2

3,634.8
3,588.4

375.2
697.8

748706-49-19

281

Data: N 224-232

BANKING AND FINANG.E

Series N 224-227.-CAPITAL ISSUES-CORPORATE ISSUES BY CLASS OF SECURITY:


1910 TO 1945
[ In millions of dollars 1

Longterm
bonds
and
notes

Shortterm
bonds
and
notes

Stocks

224

225

226

227

1945 _____
1944 _____
1943 _____
1942 _____
194L ____

6,258.6
3,181.1
1,080.9
1,042.5
2,618.8

4.891.4
2,655.7
869.1
908.4
2,276.5

46.4
13.6
38.0
4.7
43.1

1,320.7
511.9
173.8
129.4
299.1

1940 _____
1939 _____
1938 _____
1937 _____
1936 _____

2,762.6
2,196.2
2,140.5
2,433.7
4,631. 9

2,396.1
1,883.4
2,032.3
1,578.6
4,001.3

38.6
78.8
10.5
94.7
62.8

327.9
233.9
97.7
760.4
567.9

1935 _____
1934 _____
1933 _____

2,267.4
491.1
381.6

2,066.1
287.0
138.5

50.5
169.5
90A

150.8
34.6
152.7

Total
YEAR

Longterm
bonds
and
notes

Shertterm
bonds
and
notes

Stocks

224

225

226

227

643.9
2,589.0

405.8
1,840.8

214.0
405.1

24.0
343.1

1930 _____ 5,473.3


1929 _____ 10,026.4
1928 _____ 7,817.9
1927 _____ 7,319.2
1926 _____ 5,299.6

3,248.0
2,842.3
3,916.6
5,190.4
3,648.0

657.0
262.6
274.1
355.5
333.8

1,568.3
6,921.4
3,627.2
1,773.3
1,317.8

1925 _____ 4,738.1


1924 _____ 3,838.6
1923 _____ 3,232.8
1922 _____ 3,073.3
192L ____ 2,390.9

3,040.2
2,569.3
2,316.4
2,304.3
1,896.2

386.9
403.0
180.5
145.0
215.4

1,311.0
866.3
736.0
624.0
279.3

Total
YEAR

1932 _____
193L ____

Total

Longterm
bonds
and
notes

Shortterm
bonds
and
notes

Stocks

224

225

226

227

YEAR

1920 _____
1919 _____
1918 _____
1911- ____
Hl1R

2,966.3
2,739.7
1,344.8
1,530.0
2,186.5

1,234.4
660.8
633.7
540.2
1,047.1
1.075.5
1,405.0

1914- ____
1913 _____
1912 _____
1911- ____

1,435.4
1,436.5
1,645.7
2,253.6
1,739.5

1,110.6
1,174.7
1,193.9
1,849.5
1,387.4

324.7
261.8
451.9
904.1
352.0

1910 _____

1,518.3

1,113.2

405.1

I;;;;:::::

1,071.1
1,565.8
297.7
454.5
781.5

Series N 228-232.-VOLUME OF SALES ON NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE: 1900 TO 1945


BONDS, PAR VALUE

Stocks
YEAR

228

Total

Corporate

U. S.
Government

State,
municipal,
foreign

229

230

231

232

1945 ______
1944- _____
1943 ______
1942 ______
194L _____

Million
shares
378
263
279
126
171

Million
dollars
2,262
2,695
3,255
2,311
2,112

Million
dollars
2,148
2,585
3,130
2,181
1,929

1940 ______
1939 ______
1938 ______
1937 ______
1936 ______

208
262
297
409
496

1,669
2,046
1,860
2,793
3,576

1935 ______
1934 ______
1933 ______
1932 ______
1931- _____

382
324
655
425
577

1930 ______
1929 ______
1928 ______
1927 ______
1926 ______

810
1,125
920
577
451

1925 ______
1924 ______
1923 ______

454
282
236

BONDS, PAR VALUE

Million
dollars

8
6
4
7
20

Million
dollars
106
104
120
124
163

1,414
1,480
1,484
2,097
2,899

39
311
127
349
319

216
255
249
347
359

3,339
3,726
3,369
2,967
3,051

2,287
2,239
2,099
1,642
1,846

674
885
501
570
296

378
602
769
755
908

2,764
2,982
2,903
3,269
2,987

1,927
2,182
1,967
2,142
2,004

116
142
188
290
262

721
658
749
837
721

3,384
3,804
2,790

2,332
2,345
1,568

391
877
796

661
582
425

YEAR

Stocks

228

Total

Corporate

U.S.
Government

State,
municipal,
foreign

229

230

231

232

1922 ______
192L _____

Million
shares
259
173

Million
dollars
4,370
3,324

Million
dollars
1,905
1,043

Million
dollars
1,873
1,957

Million
dollars
592
324

1920 ______
1919 ______
1918 ______
1917 ______
1916 ______

227
317
144
186
233

3,977
3,809
2,063
1,057
1,150

827
622
356
471
845

2,861
2,901
1,436
286
1

289
286
271
300
304

1915 ______
1914 ______
1913 ______
1912 ______
191L _____

173
48
83
131
127

961
462
502
675
890

907
427
471
648
795

3
1
2
1
3

51
34
29
26
92

1910 ______
1909 ______
1908 ______
1907 ______
1906 ______

164
212
195
195
282

(1)
635
592
43
------------ ------------ ------------ ----------------------- ------------ ------------ ----------------------- ------------ ------------ ----------------------- ------------ ------------ -------- .. _--

1905 ______
1904 ______
1903 ______
1902 ______
190L _____
1900 ______

261
187
159
187
265
139

------------ ------------ ------------ ----------------------- ------------ ------- -- --- ----------------------- ------------ - ---- .. ----------------- ------------ --------- --- -------------- .... -------- ---------- .... - ------------ ----------------------- ------------ --- ... _------- -------------------- .... --

1 Less than $500,000.

282

i
,'

..J.

-.1,

Chapter P. Government (Series P 1-277)


Elections and Politics: Series P

1~61

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS AND VETOES (P 1-39)

U. S. Congress, Veto Messages . .. ,49th Congress, 2d Session,


Miscellaneous Document No. 53.
The Constitution provides, article I, section 7, that nolegislative bill may become law until approved by the President or, if
disapproved and returned to the House of its origin, it is repassed
in each House by a two-thirds vote. A bill may also become law
if the President fails to return it to the House of its origin within
10 days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to
him. If the Congress adjourns within the interval of 10 days, a bill
disapproved by the executive does not become law and is said to
be Hpocket vetoed."

P 1-26. Methods of electing presidential electors, 1788-1836.


SOURCE: Paullin, Charles 0., Atlas of the Historical Geography of
the United States, Carnegie Institution of Washington and AmeriCan Geographical Society of New York, 1932, p. 89. The electors,
now elected by popular vote in all States, are selected, according
to the Constitution, "in such manner as the legislature thereof
may direct." The development of political-party direction of the
electoral coilege was not anticipated in the Constitution, and during the early years of the republic, electors were chosen in the
several States by a number of different devices. The principal CONGRESSIONAL ACTIVITY AND PARTY AFFILIATIONS (P 40-56)
devices were: Election by the State legislature itself in some
P 40-49. Congressional bills, acts, and resolutions, 1789-1946.
States, by State electors popularly chosen to elect presidential SOURCES: U. S. Congress, Calendars of the United States House of
electors, and by direct popular vote for the electors. With few ex- Representatives and History of Legislation, final edition, 79th Conceptions, presidential electors have been elected by popular vote gress, pp. 303-309; also the following typewritten tabulations
since 1828. The legislature of South Carolina, however, continued furnished by Library of Congress, Leg~slative Reference Service:
to elect presidential electors until 1860.
"Number of Laws Enacted by Congress Since 1789 (Revised to
P 27-31. Electoral and popular vote for President, by political Jan. 1947}"; "Total Number of Bills and Resolutions Introduced
party, 1789-1944. SOURCE: The following references were em- in Congress, 1st to 76th Congresses"; "Number of Laws Passed by
ployed individually and also in combination. Where sources dif- Congress, 1933 (March 9)-1944 (through March 22)." Some
fered,figures were selected by the Bureau of the Census staff. U. S. measure of the activities of the United States Congress can be
Congress, Clerk of the House of Representatives, Platforms of the gained from the number of bills and resolutions which have 'been
Two Great Political Parties, 1932 to 1944, pp. 437-447; Prufer, introduced in Congress and from the number of public and private
Julius F., alid Folmesbee, Stanley J., American Political Parties laws which have been passed. The abrupt reduction in the number
and Presidential Elections, McKinley Publishing Company, Phila- of private bills enacted in,~o law beginning with the 60th Congress
delphia, 1928; Paullin, Charles 0., Atlas of the Historical Geography was the result of combining many private bills, particularly penof the United States, Carnegie Institution of Washington and Amer- sion bills, into omnibus enactments.
ican Geographical Society of New York,'1932, pp. 88-104; Bureau
P 50-56. Political party affiliations in Congress and the Presi~
of the Census, Vote Cast in Presidential and Congressional Elec- dency, 1789:-1946. SOURCE: For 1st to 74th Congresses, typetions, 1928-1944; U. S. Congress, Clerk of the House of Repre- written tabulation from Library of Congress, Legislative Reference
sentatives, Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Elections, Service, "Political Trends-Both Houses of Congress-1789issues for elections of 1928-1944.
1944," based on Encyclopedia Americana, 1936 ed., vol. 7, pp. 516The election of the President of the United States is provided 518 (1st to 69th Congresses), and Bruce, Harold R., American
for in the Constitl!-tion, article II, section 1, through the establish- Parties and Politics, 3d ed., Henry Holt and Co., New York, 1936,
ment .of an electoral college in each State, for each Presidential pp. 174-179 (70th to 74th Congresses); for 75th to 79th Conelection. The method of casting the electoral vote was modified in gresses, see Congressional Directory. For party affiliation of the
1804 by the adoption of the 12th amendment to the Constitution. President (series P 56), see U. S. Congress, Clerk of the House of
The number of electors, and therefore of electoral votes, is "equal Representatives, Platforms of the Two Great Political Parties, 1932
to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the to 1944, pp. 435-436. It is generally recognized today that popular
State may be entitled in Congress." Because of the varied prac- government operates only through the agency of organized polititices in choosing electors in earlier years, the record of popular cal parties. During the early development of the United States,
votes is inadequate to explain the elections until after 1824.
party alignments and the function of political parties were neither
In four elections the entire electoral vote of certain States re- fully appreciated nor provided for. During the formative period
mained uncast: (1) 1872-The vote of Arkansas was rejected, the party alignments developed, but designations for the different
count of the popular vote in Louisiana was disputed, and the votes groups were not firmly fixed.
of both sets of electors were rejected by Congress; (2) 1868-N 0
In the classification by party in series P 50-56, the titles of
vote in Mississippi, Texas, and Virginia because these States had parties during early years have been so designated as to be recognot been "readmitted" to the Union; (3) 1864-No vote in seces- nizable in the records of the periods concerned and also to show the
sion States: Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, thread of continuity which tends to run from early alignments
Mississippi, North and South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Vir- into the present two-party system. Inasmuch as the party of
ginia; (4) 1789--.-No New York electoral vote because the legis- Thomas Jefferson (generally known at the time as the Republican
lature failed to agree on electors. See also text of series P 50-56, party) has with a considerable measure of continuity survived to
below.
the present time as the Democratic party, the name later accepted
P 32-39. Number of Congressional bills vetoed, 1789-1946. by the Jeffersonian Republicans of "Democratic Republican" is
SOURCES: U. S. Congress, Calendars of the United States House of used in the tables to avoid any confusion of the early Jeffersonian
Representatives and History of Legislation, final edition, 79th Con- Republican with the present-day Republican party. Opposed to
gress, pp. 96-98, 303-308; U. S. Congress, Senate Library, Veto the early Republican party was the Federalist party which was
Messages . .. 1889-1944; U. S. Congress, House of Representatives, dominant in the first national administration and which, with
Report on Pocket Veto, 70th Congress, 2d Session, Doc. No. 493; interruptions, can be traced tenuously by elements of popular sup-

283

Text: P 590-3

GOVERNMENT

the President, or by Executive orders covering groups of employees with their positions into the competitive classified service,
or authorizing the appointment of individuals to positions within
such service. It shall include all positions now existing or hereafter
created by legislative or executive action, of whatever function
or designation, whether compensated by a fixed salary or otherwise, unless excepted from classification by specific affirmative
legislation or executive action. No right of classification shall
accrue to persons whose appointment or assignment to classified
duties is in violation of the civil-service rules." (57th Annual Report,
U. S. Civil Service Commission, 1940, pp. 43-44.)
P 69-88. Number of public employees and monthly public pay
APPORTIONMENT OF REPRESENTATIVES (P 57-61)
rolls, 1929-1945 . SOURCE: Basic data are from records and variP 57-61. Apportionment of Representatives among the States,
ous publications of the U. S. Civil Service Commission, Bureau of
1790~1940. SOURCE: Bureau of the Census, Sixteenth Census,
Labor Statistics, and Bureau oi the Census, with adjustments and
1940, Population, vol. I, p. 8, and records; Congressional Directory, revisions. In particular, see Bureau of Labor Statistics, Monthly
80th Congress, 1st Session, February 1947, pp. 237-241. The num- Labor Review, "Public Employment and Pay Rons in the United
ber of members in the House of Representatives was fixed by the States, 1929....B9, ... ," February 1945; and Bureau of the Census,
Congress at the time of each apportionment; since 1912 it has re- Government Employment, various issues, and Statisiical Abstract
mained constant. The 14th amendment to the Constitution, in of the United States, 1948, pp. 207 and 216.
The designations Aand B in the column heads reflect two differeffect at the present time, provides that "Representatives shall be .
apportioned among the several States according to their respective ent approaches. Class A data, in each case, are from the Bureau
numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, ex- of Labor Statistics and exclude nominal employees; that is, officluding Indians not taxed," At the time of the 1940 apportion- cialsand employees who receive only nominal compensation for
ment, it was determined that there were no longer any Indians their services. Class B data, in each case, are from the Bureau of
who should be classed as "not taxed" under apportionment law. the Census and include all officials and employees who receive any
Prior to the passage of the 14th amendment, representatives compensation, 'however nominal, except school board members.
were apportioned among the States "according to their respective The separate presentation of classes A and B is confined to group
numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole num- total series and to the local nonschool group series where the difber of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of I ference in classification is significant.
Basic studies in this field include the State, County, and Municyears, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other
persons'." (Art. I, sec. 2.) The original assignment of Representa- ipal Survey of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, conducted with
tives.. to be in effect until after the first enumeration of the popu- funds provided by the Work Projects Administration, covering
lation, and the requirement that each State have at least one the period 1929-1939; the Bureau of the Census quarterly survey
of government employment which began in 1940; and the Biennial
Representative, are also included in the Constitution.
Survey of Education conducted by the Office of Education, Federal Security Agency.
Government Civilian Employment: Series P 62-88
Other studies on government employment are of limited value
P 62-64. Employees in the Executive Branch of the Federal for historical comparisons, either because of their one-time nature,
Government, 1816, decennially 1821-1911,1918, annually 1920- limited coverage, or differing definitions. Estimates of employment
19:45. SOURCE: Statistical Abstract, 1946, table 219, p. 208, and and pay rolls for the years 1909-1927 may be found in King, WilCivil Service Commission records. The primary source is the Civil ford 1., The National Income and Its Purchasing Power, National
Service Commission, Annual Reports, and Semi-annual and Bureau of Economic Research, 1930, pp. 360-365.
For the year 1926, William E. Mosher and Sophie Polah made
Monthly Reports of Employment. These figures exclude military
personnel, but include civilian employees of the Army and Navy. a careful study of public employment and pay rolls based on apExcluded also are employees of the District of Columbia, and proximately 500 reports from State and local governments, and
temporary substitute employees in the Post Office Department published the results in "Public Employment in the United
prior to 1941. Prior to 1938 the figures refer to employees on the States," supplement to National Municipal Review, vol. XXI,
tolls, with or without pay; from 1938-1942, they refer to the num- No.1, January 1932.
The Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce published pubber on the pay roll with pay; since 1943, they refer tothe number
lic employment data in connection with its national income studies,
in active duty status.
P 65-68. Civil Service classified competitive positions, persons in its National Income, 1929-1932, 73d Congress, 2d Session, Senexamined, passed, and appointed, 1884-1945. SOURCE: Statistical ate Document No.124, Washington, 1934. In its June 1941 issue
Abstract, 1946, table 220, p. 208. Data for 1918-1920 are from of Survey of C1trrent Business, p. 18, are presented revised esti57th Annual Report, U. S. Civil Service Commission, 1940. The mates of total salaries and wages of government employees, 1929primary source is the Civil Service Commission, Annual Report, 1940. These estimates have been revised since publication of the
Bureau of Labor Statistics and Census surveys.
and records.
Relying heavily on the Mosher-Polah and Bureau of Foreign
The United States Civil Service Commission was created by an
act of Congress approved January 16, 1883. "The fundamental and Domestic Commerce studies, Simon Kuznets in National Inpurpose of the law was to establish in the parts of the service COV-I come and Its Composition, 1919-1938, National Bureau of Ecoered by its provisions, a merit system where by sele ction for a ppoin t- nomic Research, 1941, vol. II, pp. 811-826, published revised
ment should be made upon the basis of demonstrated relative estimates of Government employees and pay rolls for the years
1919-1938.
fitness without regard to religious or political considerations ... "
(United State.s Government Manual, 1947, p. 488.)
Federal Government Finances: Series P 89-187
The term "classified service" was specifically defined by an act
of Congress approved March 27, 1922, and quoted in the civilTREASURY RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND SURPLUS OR
service rules as section 1 of rule II, as follows:
DEFICIT (P 89-108)
"The classified service shall include all persons who have hereP 89-96. Treasury receipts, 1789-1945. SOURCE: See listings of
tofore or may hereafter be given a competitive status in the classified civil service with or without competitive examination, by legis- individual series, below:
P 89-93. Treasury receipts: Total, customs, internal revenue,
lative enactment, or under the civil-service rules promulgated by
port through the Whig, the National Republican, and the Free
Soil parties to the Republican party of today.
Party affiiliations of other than major-party presidential candidates are also shown in series P 29. If a minor, or a sectional party,
has supported one of the major-party candidates, such support is
. indicated after that of the name of the principal nominating party-.
Minor-party candidates frequently have had several such endorsements, sometimes because similar groups in different sections of
the country were known by different names.

284

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES


total other, 1789-1945. SOURCE: Annual Report of the Secretary of
the Treasury, 1946, table 2, pp. 366-371,' 419-423. Data were compiled on the basis of warrants issued from 1789 to 1915, and on
the basis of daily Treasury statements for 1916 and subsequent
years. General, special, emergency, and trust accounts are combined from 1789 through 1930. Trust accounts are excluded for
1931 and subsequent years.
P 94-96. Treasury receipts: Sales of public lands, surplus postal
receipts, and miscellaneous receipts. SOURCE: Annual Report of
the Treasury, 1946, as follows: For series P 94, see table 14, pp.
422'::"423; for seriesP 95, see table 13, pp. 419-421. For P 96, data
for 1789-1939 are from Annual Report, 1940, table 6, pp. 642-645;
data for 1940-1945 were obtained by subtracting the sum of series
P 94-95 from series P 93. For series P 94, data are on basis of warrants issued from 1789 to 1930 and on the basis of checks issued
for 1931 and subsequent years. For basis of other series, see text
for series P 89-93.
P 97-98. Treasury surplus or deficit, 1789-1945. SOURCE: Annual Report of the Secretary of the Treasury, 1946, table 2, pp. 367371.
.
P 99-108. Treasury expenditures, 1789-1945. SOURCE: See listings for individual series, below.
P 99-103. Treasury expenditures: Total (excluding debt retirements), War, Navy, interest, and total of "other expenditures,"
1789-1945. SOtJRCE: Annual Report of the Secretary of the Treasury,
1946, table 2, pp. 366-371. Data were compiled on the basis of
warrants issued from 1789 to 1915, and on the basis of daily Treasury statements for 1916 and subsequent years. General, special,
emergency, and trust accounts are combined from 1789 through
1930. Trust accounts are excluded for 1931 and subsequent years.
P 104-107. Treasury expenditures: Indians, veterans' pensions,
postal deficiencies, civil and miscellaneous, 1789-1945. SOURCE:
Annual Report of the Secretary of the Treasury, 1946, as follows:
For series P 104-105, see table 14, pp. 422-423; for series P 106,
see table 13, pp. 419-421. For series P 107, data for 1789-1931 are
from Annual Report of the Secretary of the Treasury, 1940, table 6,
pp. 646-649; data for 1932-1945 were obtained by subtracting the
sum of series P 104-106 from series P 103. For series P 104-105,
data are on basis of warrants issued from 1789 to 1930 and on the
basis of checks issued for 1931 and subsequent years. For series
P 106, data are on basis of ~arrants issued prior to 1922, and on
basis of daily Treasury statements for 1922 and thereafter. For
basis of series P 107, see text for series P 99-103.
P 108. Treasury expenditures: Statutory. debt retirements,
1918-1945. SOURCE: Annual Report of the Secretary of the Treasury,
. 1946, table 2, pp. 369-371.
INTERNAL REVENUE COLLECTIONS (P 109-131)
P 109-131. Internal revenue collections by tax sources, 18631945. SOURCES: For 1863-1915, see Annual Report of the Secretary
of the Treasury, 1929, table 10, pp. 419-424; for 1916-1945, see
Annual Report, 1946, table 9, pp. 406-409.
P 109-119. Internal revenue collections: Total and selected
sources, 1863-1945. SOURCES.: See text for series P 109-131, above.
P 120-131. Internal revenue collections: Income, excess profits,
capital stock, gift taxes, etc., 1863-1945. SOURCES: See text for
series P 109-131, above.
PuBLIC DEBT (P 132-143)
P 132-136. Principal of public debt outstanding, 1791-1945.
SOURCE: For 1791-1852, see Annual Report of the Secretary of the
Treasury, 1891; for 1853-1945, see Annual Report . .. 1946, pp.
455-456. Data are on the basis of public debt accounts from 1791
through 1919. More specifically, the figures for 1853 through 1885
are taken from "Statement of receipts and expenditures of the
Government from 185.5 to 1885 and principal of public debt from
1791 to 1885" compiled from the official records of the Register's
office. From 1886 through 1919, figures are taken from the monthly

Text: P 89-164

debt statements. and revised figures published in the annual reports


of the Secretary of the Treasury. From 1920 to 1945, figures are
taken from the Preliminary Statement of the Public Debt published in the daily Treasury statements.
P 137-138. Computed annual interest charge and rate of int~r.
est,\1855-1945. SOURCE: For 1856-1891, see Annual Report of the
Secr'~ary of the Treasury, 1891, table C, p. xciv; for 1855, 18921915, see Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1921, p. 829; for
1916-1945, see Annual Report of the Secretary olthe Treasury . ..
1946, table 58, p. 546. Data are on basis of public debt accounts
from 1855 through 1942 and on basis of daily Treasury statements
for 1943 to 1945.
P 139-143. Composition of interest-bearing debt, 188()-1945.
SOURCE: For 1880-1915, data are from records of the Treasury
Department; for 1916-1945, s~e Annual Report of the Secretary of
the Treasury . .. 1946, table 26, p. 459. Data are on basis of public
debt accounts from 1880 through 1919 and on basis of daily
Treasury statements from 1920 to 1945.
INCOME TAX RETURNS (P 144-164)
P 144-164. Income tax returns, 1913-1945. SOURCE: See listings
for individual series, below.

P 144-151. Income tax returns: Individual, estate, and trust,


1913-1945. SOURCE: For 1913-1942, see Statistical Abstract, 1946,
table 346, p. 321; for 1943, see Statistical Abstract, 1947, table
349, p. 325; for 1944-1945, data were obtained from records of the
Bureau of Internal Revenue. Original source of the data appearing
in the Statistical Abstract is the Treasury Department, Bureau of
Internal Revenue, Statistics of Income, part 1.
Under revenue laws, individuals are required to file returns as
follows: (1)' Single or married, for 1913-1916, those with net income of $3,000 or over; (2) single, or married and not living with
husband or wife, for 1917-1924, $1,000 or over; 1925-1931, $1,500
or over; 1932-1939, $1,000 or over; for 1940, those with gross income of $800 or over; for 1941, $750 or over; and for 1942 and
1943, $500 or over regardless of amount of net income; (3) married
and living with husband or wife, filing a joint return, for 1917-1923,
those with net income of $2,000 or over; 1924, $2,500 or over;
1925-1931, $3,500 or over; 1932-1939, $2,500 or over; for 1940,
those with gross income of $2,000 or over; for 1941, $1,500 or over;
for 1942, $1,200 or over; and for 1943, if gross income exceeds $624,
regardless of amount of net income; also for 1943, a return is required of any person liable for tax for 1942, regardless of amount
of gross income for 1943; (4) every individual with gross income of
$5,000 or over for 1921-1939, and as stated above for 1940-1943 .
For 1944 and 1945, every citizen or resident having gross income
of $500 or more is required to file a return. For refund purposes,
returns are also required with respect to gross income under $500
from which taxes have been withheld. Data for returns showi?f,U no
net 'income, filed in accordance with these latter provisions, are not
included in statistics shown. Fiduciaries are required to file returns
on the same basis as single individuals, except that a return is required for every estate or trust of which any beneficiary is a nonresident alien, and for 1938-1945, a return is required for every
trust having a net income of $100 or over. Partnership net profit
or net loss is reported on individual returns of co-partners according to their shares.

P 152-164. Income tax returns, corporation, 1909-1945.


SOURCES: U. S. Treasury Department, Bureau of Internal Revenue, Statistics of Income, 1943, part 2, table 15, p. 340, and records; series P 164 is series P 152 minus the sum of series P 153
and P 160, see Statistical Abstract, 1946, table 354, p. 329.
Under the Revenue Act of 1934, the privilege of filing a consolidated return for a group of affiliated corporations was limited to
common carriers by railroad and their related leasing and holding
companies. The Revenue Act of 1936 extended this privilege to
285

Text: P 152-188

GOVERNMENT

street, suburban, and interurban electric railway corporations.


These changes resulted in marked differences between returns for
1934-1941, and those for 1933 and prior years, in net-income or
deficit classification and in size of total assets, as well as in distribution by industries. Tables showing effect on tabulated data of
discontinuance of consolidated returns except by railroad corporations appear in Statistics of Income for 1934, part 2. BegiIlWling
in 1942, the consolidated-return privilege was again extended, in
general, to all corporations.
Gross income (series P 154 and P 161) is obtained from "Total
income" as reported on the return by adding "Cost of goods sold,"
"Cost of operations" (beginning 1932), .and any negative items
reported under sources of income. In 1918-1924, railroad and other
public utility corporations frequently reported only the net amount
of income, resulting in estimated understatements of $5 billion in'
1918 and 1919 and nearly twice that amount in 1920 and 1921;
there are no estimates of understatement for 1922-1924. The gross
income figures for 1918-1921 exclude the bulk of dividends received.
For 1922-1933 and 1940-1945, net income (series P 155) i8the
amount before deduction due to net operating loss of prior year.
(Net operating loss was not allowable as a deduction for years
other than those specified.) For 1935 and prior years, net income
or deficit (series P 162) is the amount reported for income tax
computation; for 1936 and later years it is the amount reported
for (declared vaJue) excess-profits tax computation, except that~
for 1944 and 1945, the amount shown includes government interest subject to surtax only and continues to include the excess of
net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss, even
though such excess was made exempt from declared value excess
profits beginning in 1944. Beginning in 1936, contributions or gifts
are deductible in arriving at net income.
Income tax (series P 157) for 1905-1915 consists of tax collections; for 1916-1945, it is the amounts of tax liabilities reported
on the returns before deduction of credit for taxes paid to foreign
countries or United States possessions.
POSTAL RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES (P 165-169)
P 165-169. Postal receipts and expenditures, 1789-1945.
SOURCE: Annual Report of the Secretary of the Treasury, 1946,
table 13, pp. 419-421.
COPYRIGHTS, PATENTS, AND TRADEMARKS (P 170-187)
P 170-174. Copyright registrations, 1898-1945. SOURCE: Annual
Reports of the Register of Copyrights ~Library of Congress). Data
are for fiscal years ending June 30.
P 175. Copyright registrations of commercial prints and labels,
1874-1945. SOURCE: For 1874-1925, see Annual Report of the
Commissioner of Patents; for 1926-June 30,1940, see Patent Office
records; for July 1, 1940-1945, see Library of Congress records.
Data for fiscal years beginning in 1940 are published in the Annual
Report of the Library of Congress.
P 176-180. Patents granted, 1790-1945. SOURCE: For series
P 176-179, see Annual Report of the Commissioner of Patents and
the numbers given to patents, which are numbered consecutively;
for series P 180, same as series P 181-184 below. Patents are classified by inventions (series P 177), designs (series P 178) for articles
of manufacture, and reissues (series P 179) which are new,patents
granted to replace those already granted
order to make some
amendment or correction. Design patents were first authorized
by Congress in 1842. The Patent Act of July 4, 1836, made radical
changes in the patent law, and the present numbering series starts
with this date. Reissues are included in series P 176 in 1837 and
the immediately preceding years, but they are very few in number.
See also Department of Commerce, The Story of the American
Patent System, 1790-1940, for a historical narration of the development of patent laws.
.
P 181-184. Applications for patents filed, 1840-1945. SbURCE:
For 1790-1925, see Annual Report of the Commissioner of Patents;
for 1926-1945, see Patent Office records.

in

286

P 185-187. Trade-marks registered, 1870-1945. SOURCE: Annual Report of the Commissioner of Patents and Patent Office
records. The sudden increase in registrations in 1920 is connected
with a new law passed in March of that year facilitating registrations. The basic trade-mark law was enacted in 1905. Prior laws,
passed in 1870 and 1881 were limited in scope, with the earlier one
being held unconstitutional. Registrations are for 20 years with
renewals for 20-year periods.

State and Local Government Finances:


Series P 188-277

P 188-277. General note. For almost a century, the United


States Government has published information regarding the finances of State and local governments. Beginning in 1850, surveys
approximately every 10 years have reported selected financial aspects of all State and local governments. For 1870 through 1922,
these data were published under the title Wealth, Debt, q,nd Taxation or variations thereof; for 1932 the data were published in
Financial Statistics 0/ State and Local Governments; and for 1942
they are found in Census of Governments. For a historical resume of
"Ten Decennial Censuses of Goverpments: 1850-1942," see Bureau of the Census, Governmental Finances in the United States:
1942, pp. 130-135; of the three type-of-government reports now
issued annually, the city series was initiated in 1898, the State
series was started in 1915, andthe county series was begun in 1942.
Comparability of data: The first four decennial censuses are too
diverse and different in content from present surveys to permit
more than limited comparisQn with recent years. Their emphasis
was upon tax levies, debt, and wealth, the last census of wealth
having been taken'in 1922. Starting with the 1890 decennial census, a more balanced reporting of revenue, 'expenditure, and debt
has characterized decennial and later annual reporting. Throughout nearly six decades, revenue was reported by source, expenditure by function and character, and. debt by gross and net liabiI, ities. Definitions of these terms, how~ver, have been so revised as
to prevent identity among classifications for all years, but the revisions do not vitiate approximate similarity in totals and major
financial classes.
Historically, Census reporting on State and local finance has
involved varying treatment of three categories-general government, enterprises, and continuing reserve funds (sinking and
trust funds). Until 1937 they were merged into a consolidated
set of statistics. Thereafter, government enterprises were constituted as a separate category, thereby excluding gross earnings and
expenditures of public utilities and other enterprises from the
general government statistics showing tax and other revenue and
expenditure for schools, roads, welfare, and other functions of
general benefit. Of course, net contributions to general government from enterprise earnings are shown as a general revenue;
and any net contribution from tax and other general revenue for
enterprise purposes is treated as a general expenditure. In 1941,
sinking and trust funds were constituted as a separate category;
earnings of these funds were eliminated from general revenue and
disbursements by trust funds were deleted from general expenditure. The substantial general contributions to sinking funds for
debt retirement and to pension and unemployment compensation
funds for social insurance are shown as general expenditure, together with smaller transfers for other purposes.
The definition as to what constitutes' an independent unit of
government-and hence a unit for separate reporting-has changed
over the decades. Of the various decennial censuses of governments, only the 1942 census included in the township classification
all townships and New England towns. Earlier censuses included
part of the urban townships or New England towns with Gities.
Earlier censuses also tended to include with special districts,
groups of dependent districts of counties. The line between independent and dependent school districts has not been the same in

Text: P 188-277

ST ATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT


all decennial censuses; but it has been sufficiently similar to permit rough comparisons among years.
Adjustments to approach comparability:iI' Data used here for
years before 1937 and 1941 have been recast to render them comparable, as far as feasible, with information shown for these and
later years. The largest enterprise transactions, revenue and operation expenditure, are uniformly excluded. Enterprise statistics
for capital outlay and interest on debt are deleted for States and
for cities having populations over 30,000. Enterprise amounts remaining are not significant.
Adjustments in data for years before 1941, in order to separate
reporting of sinking and trust funds, have been feasible for governmental units involving the bulk of funds of this type. Thus, in
lieu of benefit payments for pensions and unemployment compensation, general-government contributions to reserve funds for
these purposes are shown for States and for large cities. Likewise,
pension assessments and earnings of sinking and trust funds are
excluded as general revenue of States and large cities and are
recognized as receipts of the reserve funds. Since these two types
of units account for the preponderant share of State and local
sinking and trust funds, the mentioned adjustments cover most of
the transactions of this nature.
Related to the establishment of the category of sinking and
trust funds is the addition in i941 of provision for debt retirement as an expenditure class. The first element of this class consists of general contributions to sinking funds for the immediate
or later retirement of debt, and the second is direct debt redemption-i. e., redemption directly from general funds, not from
sinking funds. Provision for debt retirement can be shown only for
the years beginning with 1941.
The most important remaining type of adjustment which has
been made relates to intergovernmental aid. Since 1941, fiscal aid
in Census reporting has comprised both functional grants and
State-imposed taxes shared with local governments. Local shares
of State taxes had been classified as local tax revenue prior to that
time. Using the United States Senate report, Federal, State, and
Local Fiscal Relations, Senate Document No. 69, 78th Congress,
1st Session, pre-1941 financial data have been adjusted in these
series to report local shares of State-imposed taxes as State revenue, as State expenditure for fiscal aid, and as lo<!al revenue from
fiscal aid.
The development of Census reporting on State and local finances
summarized above is described in detail in a Historical Review of
State and Local Finances (see text for series P 188-233 for a more
complete citation). This last pUblication brings together data for
considerabie historical periods adjusted to achieve comparability
with current reporting of State and local finances. Detailed definitions of the terms used here may also be found there and in the
Census Bureau annual reports on State, city, and county finances.
P 188-223. General revenue by source, general expenditure
by character and function, and gross d,ebt, selected, years, 18901945. SOURCE: Bureau of the Census, Historical Review of State
and Local Government Finances, comprising State and Local Government Special Study No. 25, June 1948. Since series P 188-211
do not separately show townships, school districts, and special
districts, series P 212-215 are presented to summarize the trends
for these types of government.
Direct summation of State and local revenue and expenditure
into aggregates would result in the double counting of intergovernmental aid paid between State and local governments. The large
amount of aid paid by States to local government, as well as the
very small amount of aid paid hy localities to States, would be

counted both as State and as local transactions. To avoid this


double counting, totals in series P 188-201 show'State and local
revenue and expenditure on a net basis, excluding duplicating aid.
Series P 216-223 show the actual amounts involved in the exclusion of duplicating aid from totals in series P 188-201.
City statistics in series P 188-223 cover all cities rather than
only the cities having populations over 100,000, shown in series
P 250-277. School districts refer to districts independent of cities
and counties and hence do not include the schools financed as de~
, pendent parts of cities and counties.
Underlying public financing, especially of local governments, is
the size of the assessed valuation of taxable property and of property tax levies. Data are shown in text table 1 for selected years
from 1850 to 1940.
TABLE I.-ASSESSED VALUATION AND PROPERTY TAX LEVIES
OF STATE AND' LOCAL GOVERNMENTS: SELECTED YEARS
1850 TO 1940
[In millionsl
PROPERTY TAX LEVY
YEAR

1940 _____________________________ _
1932 _~ ________ ~ _____ ~ ~ ~ _'__ - __ - _ - -1922 _____________________________ _
1912 _ ___________________________ _
1902 _____________________________ _
1890 _____________________________ _
1880 _____________________________ _
1870 _____________________________ _
1860 __________________________ - - -1850 _____________________________ _
~

Assessed
valuation
$143,282
163,317
124,617
69,453
35,338
25,473
17,140
211,406
12,085
47,136

State

government

Local

government

$255
359
354
155
80
71
52
55

$4,322
4,66&
3,149
1,185
645
400
262

171

394
(5)

Property tax collections for 1942.


Gold basis.
State levies included with local levies; segregation not available.
4 Estimated fl),ll valuation.
5 Data not available.
1
2
S

P 224-234. General functional expenditure of State governments, selected years 1915-1945. SOURCE: Bureau of the Census,
Historical Review of State and Local Government Finances, comprising State and Local Government Special Study No. 25, June
1948.
P 235-249. State tax collections, 1915, 1919, 1922-1945.
SOURCES: Bureau of the Census, Historical Review of State and
Local Government Finances, comprising State and Local Government Special Study No. 25, June 1948.
P 250-277. Financial summary and general expenditure by
function of cities having population over 100,000, selected years
1902-1945. SOURCE: Bureau of the Census, Historical Review of
State and Local Government Finances, comprising State and Local
Government Special Study No. 25, June 1948. Beginning in 1941
(with data available also for 1940), the term city has been defined
as the city corporation. This is the political unit organized under
the law as an entity accountable to the electorate; and hence th~
term excludes all overlying local governments even though they
may perform functions that some city corporations render. Prior
to 1941, the term city was essentially an area concept in that the
Census Bureau reported not only city corporations but also computed portions of overlying local governments. The finances of
overlying school and other special districts were prorated according to the ratio of the part of the assessed valuation of the overlying unit within the city area to the total valuation of the overlying unit. County finances were prorated only for counties overlying cities having populations over 300,000.

287

Data: P 1-31

GOVERNMENT

Series P 1-26...:-1\1ETHODS OF ELECTING PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS: 1788 TO 1836


[ L-by legislature; G T-by people, on general ticket; D-by people, in districts; A-by people, in the State at large; E-by electors. The number in parentheses
following the symbol "D" is the number of districts into which the State was divided. As a rule, each district elected 1 elector. The number in parentheses following the symbol "A" is the number of electors elected at large 1
.
Series
No.

STATE

New Hampshire _____________


Massachusetts. _____________

Rhode Island _______________


Connecticut ________________
New York __________________
New Jersey _________________
Pennsylvania _______________
Delaware ___________________
MarYland __________________
Virginia ____________________
North Carolina _____________
South Carolina ______________
Georgia ____________________
Vermont ___________________
Kentucky __________________
Tennessee __________________

4
5

8
9

10
11

==================
Indiana ____________________
Mississippi _________________
Illinois _____________________
Oklahoma __________________
Maine _____________________

12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23

Missouri ___________________
Arkansas ___________________
Michigan ___________________

24
25
26

~~i;fa"i:J-a-

17881824
1832
1828
1812
1816
1820
1804
1808
1792
1796
1800
1789
- - - - - - ---- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - ---- - - - ---GT
GT
GT
GT
GT
GT
GT
L
GT
G T and G T ~ G T and
L1
LI
D (17)
D (13)
D (6) 6
GT
L
L
GT
GT
L
D (8) and D (4) and D (14)
L(
and L 5
and A(2)
andA(2)
L'
G1'
GT
GT
GT
GT
GT
GT
L
GT
L
GT
GT
L
GT
GT
GT
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
D (30)
GT
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
and E7
GT
GT
GT
GT
L
L
L
L
GT
GT
GT
L
GT
GT
GT
GT
GT
L
GT
GT
GT
GT
GT
GT
8
GT
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
DGCB,f
D (10)
D (10) D (9) v D (9) v D (9) 9 D (9) 9 D (9) P D (9) v D (9) i D (4) 18
GT
D (21)
GT
GT
GT
D (12)
D (21)
GT
GT
GT
GT
GT
GT
Lll
D (12)
D (12)
D (14)
D (14)
GT
GT
GT
GT
GT
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
GT
L
GT
L
L
L
GT
L
L
L
L
L
GT
L
L
GT
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
D (2) 12 D (2) u D (3) 12 D (3) u D (3) 12 D (3) IS
D (4)
D (4)
D (4)
GT
GT
EU
EU
D (5)
D (5)
D (8)
D (8)
D (8)
D (11)
GT
D (11)
-------- -------GT
GT
GT
GT
GT
GT
GT
-------- -------- -------- -------- GT
L
GT
L
L
L
GT
-------- -------- -------- - - ----- -------GT
L
L
GT
GT
-------- -------- ---_._---------- -------- -------GT
GT
GT
GT
... --------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ...
D
(3)
D
(3)
GT
GT
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------GT
GT
L
GT
-------- -------- -------- -------- .... _---- -------- -------- -------D (7) and D (7) and D (7) and
GT
-------- -------- -------- -------A (2)
A (2)
A (2)
G'f
D (3)
L
GT
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

--------

--------- ----- -----_ -

-_

-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------------- -------- -------_._------ -------- -------- -------- -------- ------ ---------------- --------

-------- --------

A majority of the popular vote was necessary for a choice. In case of a failure
to elect, the legislature supplied the deficiency.
2 A majority of votes was necessary for a choice. In case of a failure to elect 1 or
more electors a. second election was held bv the oeoole. a.t which choice was made
from the candidates in the -first election who had the most votes. The number of
candidates in the second election was limited to twice the number of electors wanted.
,I Each of the 8 districts chose 2 electors, from which the General Court (i. e.,
the legislature) selected 1. It also elected 2 electors at large.
4 2 of the districts voted for 5 members each, and 2 for 3 members each. A majority of votes was necessary for a choice. In case of a failure to elect by popular
vote the General Court supplied the deficiency. In the election of 1792 the people
chose 5 electors and the General Court 11.
5 A majority of votes was necessary for a popular choice. Deficiencies were filled
by the General Court, as in 1792. It also chose 2 electors at large. In 1796 it chose
9 electors, and the people, 7.
61 district chose 6 electors;' 1, 5 electors; 1, 4 electors; 2, 3 electors each; and
1, 1 elector.
1

1836

---GT
qT
GT
GT
GT
GT
GT
GT
GT
GT
GT
L
GT
GT
GT
GT
GT
GT
GT
GT
GT
GT
GT
GT
GT
GT

7 1 district elected 3 electors; 2, 2 electors each; and 27, 1 elector each. The 34
electors thus elected chose 2 presidential electors.
.
8 Each qualified voter voted for 1 elector. The 3 electors who received most votes
in the State were elected.
9 During the years 1804-1828 Maryland chose 11 electors in 9 districts, 2 of the
districts elected 2 members each.
10 1 district chose 4 electors; 1, 3 electors; 1, 2 electors; and 1, 1 elector.
11 The State was divided into 4 districts, and the members of the legislature
residing in each district chose 3 electors.
12 Each dist"rict elected 4 electors.
13 2 districts chose 5 electors each, and 1 chose 4 electors.
H In 1796 and 1800 Tennessee chose 3 presidential electors-1 each for the districts of Washington, Hamilton, and Mero. 3 "electors" for each county in the
State were appointed by the legislature, and the "electors" residing in each of
the 3 districts chose 1 of the 3 presidential electors.

Series P 27-31.-ELECTIONS AND POLITICS---'ELECTORAL AND POPULAR VOTE FOR


PRESIDENT, BY POLITICAL PARTY: -1789 TO 1944
Not all minor candidates included; hence sum of votes cast for listed candidates may not equal total votes cast in election. More than one party designation may
follow a candidate's name because of his endorsement by minor parties (listed second) or because several minor groups known by various names in different States
may support the same candidate]

YEAR

Number
of States

Presidential
candidate

Political
party

27

28

29

1944 ___

48

Franklin D.
Roosevelt.

Democratic;
Amer. Labor;
Liberal.
Republican ___ _

VOTE CAST

Electoral
30
432

99
Thomas E.
Dewey.
Norman Thomas SocialisL _________________ _
Prohibition _______________ _
ClaudeA.
Watson.
SoCialist-Labor; ___________ _
Edward A.
Industrial
Teichert.
Government.
(Unpledged) ____ Texas Regulars ____________ _
1940 ___

48

1936 ___

48

Franklin D.
Roosevelt.
Alfred M.
Landon.
William Lemke_

Democratic;
Amer. Labor.
Republican ___ _

523

See footnotes, page 290.

YEAR

Number
of States
27

25,602,504

1936Con.

22,006,285

1932 ___

48

80,518
74,758
45,336
135,439

Franklin D.
Democratic;
449
27,244,160
Amer. Labor.
Roosevelt.
Republican_ _ _ _
82 122,305,198
Wendell L.
Willkie.
99,557
N orman Thomas Socialist; .
Progressive.
Prohibition;
Roger Q.
57,812
Babson.
National
Prohibition.
Earl Browder ___ Communist _______________ _
46,251

Union, Royal
___________ _
Oak; Nat'l
Union for
Social Justice,
3d Party;
Independent.
N orman Thomas Socialist __________________ _
Earl Browder __ _ Communist_______________ _
___________ _
D. Leigh Colvin_ Prohibition;
Com'nwealth

288

Popular
31

1928 ___

48

27,751,597
16,679,583
882,479

187,720
80,159
37,847

1924 ___

48

Presidential
candidate

Political
party

VOTE CAST

Electoral

28
29
30
John W. Aiken __ Socialist-Labor; ___________ _
Indst'l Labor
Franklin D.
Roosevelt.
Herbert Hoover_
N orman Thomas
WilliamZ.
Foster.
Verne L.
Reynolds.
WilliamD.
Upshaw.
WilliamH.
Harvey.
Jacob S. Coxey,
Sr.
Herbert Hoover_
Alfred E. Smith_
N orman Thomas
WilliamZ.
Foster.
Verne L.
Reynolds.
WilliamF.
Varney.
Frank E. Webb_
Calvin Coolidge_
John W. Davis __
Robert LaFollette
Herman P. Faris
Frank T. Johns_
WilliamZ.
Foster.
Gilbert O.
Nations.
WilliamJ.
Wallace.

Democratic_ _ __

472

Popular
31
12,777
22,821,857

Republican _ _ __
59 15,761,841
Socialist_ ___ ___ _ __________ _
881,951
Communist _______________ _
102,786
Socialist-Labor ____________ _

33,276

Prohibition ___ ~ ___________ _

81,869

Liberty _ _ _ _ ___ _ __________ _

58,425

Farmer-Labor ____________ _

7,809

Republican_ _ _ _
444 21,391,881
Democratic____
87 15,016,448
Socialist __________________ _
267,885
Workers __________________ _
21,181
Socialist-Labor ____________ _

21,608

prohibition _______________ _

20,106

Farmer-Labor ____________ _

6,390

382 15,725,016
Republican_ __ _
Dem.ocratic__ __
136
8,386,503
Progressive_ _ __
13
4,822,856
Prohibition _______________ _
57,520
Socialist-Labor ____________ _
36,428
Workers __________________ _
36,386
American _________________ _
23,967
Commonwealth ___________ _
Land.
I

1,532

Data:P 27-31

ELECTIONS AND POLITICS

Series P 27-31.-ELECTIONS AND POLITICS-ELECTORAL AND POPULAR VOTE FOR


PRESIDENT, BY POLITICAL PARTY: 1789 TO 1944-Con.
[ More than one party designation muy follow a candidate's name because of his endorsement by minor parties (listed second) or because several minor groups known
by various names in different States may support the same candidate 1

Number
of States

Presidential
candidate

Political
party

YlilAR

28

27
1920 __ _

48

Warren G.
Harding.
James M. Cox _ _
Eugene V. Debs_
P. P. Christensen
Aaron S. Watkins

29
RepubUcan_ _ __

Electoral

Popular

30

31
404

Democratic_ ___
127
SocialisL ______ -----------Farmer-Labor - -- - -- - - - - --- .
Prohibition_ - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

1912 __ _

1908 __ _

1904 __ _

1900 __ _

48

46

45

45

Woodrow Wilson
Chas. E. Hughes
A. L. Benson __ _
J. Frank Hanly_
Arthur E. Reimer
(Various
candidates),
Woodrow Wilson
William H. TafL
Theodore
Roosevelt.
Eugene V. Debs_
Eugene W.
Chafin.
Arthur E.
Reimer.
William H. Taft_
William J. Bryan
Eugene V. Debs_
Eugene W.
Chafin.
Thomas L.
Riggen.

Democratic__ __
Republican____
Socialist ______ Prohibition __ - Socialist-Labor _
progressive ____
Democratic__ _ _
Republican_ _ _ _
Progressive _. ___

277
254
- - - -- - - - - ---- ---- - -- - -- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - -435
8
88

1896 __ _

1892 __ _

1888 __ _

45

44

38

1QO

tJ.f\~

8;538:221

38

6,293,454
3,484,980
4,119,538

37

585,113
220,506
13,403
41,894

Socialist-Labor _ - - - - - - - - - - --

28,750

Republican_ _ _ _
321
Democratic____
162
Socialist _______ - - - - - - - - - --Prohibition __ ~ _ - - - - - - - - - - --

7,678,908
6,409,104
420,793
253,840

Independence- - - - - - - - - - - - --

82,872

J os. F. MaHoney Socialist-Labor - - - - - - - - - - - -Seth H. Ellis ___ Union Reform - -----------Jonah F. R.


United
Leonard.
Christian.
271
Republican ___ William
McKinley.
176
William J. Bryan Democratic;
People's.
John M. Palmer_ Nationalist
Democratic.
Joshua Levering_ Prohibition ____ - - - - - - - - - - -Socialist-Labor
_ - - - - - - - - - - -Chas. H.
Matchett.
Chas. E. Bentley NationalisL ___ ------------

5,439,853

233

Democratic____
168
Prohibition ____ - -_ - -- --- --Union Labor ___ - - - - - - -- ---United Labor __ -------_----

5,540,309
249,506
146,935
2,818

American ______ - - - - -- - --- --

1,600

4,300,59U
81,737
9,522
2,636
3,597,132
2,884,125
29,489
5,608

18 -----------2

1 ___________ _

Democratic ___ _
---- - --- -- ----

17

212

2,213,665

Abraham
Lincoln.
J. C. Breckin
ridge. .
StephenA.
Douglas.
John Bell _ _ ___ _

Republican_ - --

180

Democratic___ _

72

847,953

Democratic_ - --

12

1,375,157

Constitutional
Union.

39

590,.631

1860 __ _

33

1,805,237
21
81 ___________ _
1,866,452

1856 __ _

31

James Buchanan Democratic____


John C. Fremont Republican____
Millard Fillmore American _ _ _ __

174
114
8

1,838,169
1,341,264
874,534

1852 __ _

31

Franklin Pierce_ Democratic____


Winfield Scott_ _ Whig _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _
John P. Hale ___ Free SoiL _____

254
42

1,601,274
1,386,580
155,825

30

Zachary Taylor_Whig _ _ _ _____ _


163
127
Lewis Cass _____ Democratic____
Martin Van
Free Soil __ ---- -----------Buren.

1,360,099
1,220,544
291,263

26

James K. Polk __ Democratic-___


170
Henry Clay ____ ~ Whig_________
105
James G. Birney Liberty ------- ------------

1,337,243
1,299,062
62,300

William H.
Whig_ ________
234
Harrison.
Martin Van
Democratic____
60
Buren.
James G. Birney Liberty ------- ------------

1,129,102

1848 __ _

26

1836 __ _

26

5,556,918
5,176,108

Republican_ _ __

4,036,298

Abraham
Republican_ - -Lincoln.
George B.
Democratic ___ _
McClellan.
(N ot voted) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

132,007
36,274

Benjamin
Harrison.
Grover Cleveland
ClintonB.Fisk __
Anson J. Streeter
Robert H.
Cowdrey.
James Langdon
Curtis.

10,305
700

36

133,148

1,041,028
264,133
21,164

308,578

1864 __ _

6,502,925

People's_______
22
Prohibition __,__ --- - - - - -- --Socialist-Labor_ - - - - - - -- ----

Demor.ratic_ - -Democratic ___ _

4,454,416
4,444,952

3,012,833
2,703,249

7,104,779

Democratic__ __
Republican____

Republican____
185
Rutherford B"
Bayes.
Democratic.--184
Samuel J. Tilden
Peter Cooper ~ - - Greenback---- ~ -- ---- - -- --Green Clay Smith
James B. Walker
286
Ulysses S. Grant Republican,- __ _
(~)
Horace Greeley - Democratic;
Liberal
Republican.
Charles O'Conor Straight
Democratic.
James Black ___ _ Temperanc~-_ - - --.- - -- - --1ndependent42
Thomas A.
Democratic.
Hendricks.

,874,986
4,851,981
150,369
175,370

4,

214
80
28

50,373

13,969

Democratic____
219
Republican____
182
Prohibition ____ -----------Greenback-----------Labor.
214
James A. Garfield Republican. - -155
Winfield S.
Democratic- - -Hancock.
James B. Weaver Greenback
Labor.
Neal Dow ______ Prohibition- ___ -----------John W. Phelps_ American ----- ------------

Ulysses S. Grant Republican ___ _


Horatio Seymour Democratic___ _
(Not voted). ____ ---------------

6,358,133

39,739
5,698
5,500

31

37

1,000

208,914
87,814

Popular

30

1868_--

31,249

7,207,923

29

VOTE CAST

Electoral

GroverCleveland
James G. Blaine.
John P. St. John
Benjamin F.
Butler.

B. Gratz Brown_
Charles J.
Jenkins.
David Davis ____
(N ot voted) - - - -

7,623,486
5,077,911
402,283
258,536
117,183

Political
party

~~:f~~_~~=== ============

29,100
14,021
500

Grover Cleveland
Benjamin
Harrison.
James B.Weaver
John Bidwell __ _
Simon Wing ___ _

See footnotes on next page.

277
145

38

48,000

900,672
206,275

Republican_ _ _ _
292
William
McKinley.
155
William J. Bryan Democratic;
Populist.
John C. Woolley Prohibition ____ -----------Eugene V. Debs_ Socialist
Democrat.
Wharton Barker People's _____ - - -- - - - - - - - - --

38

31,715
5,837

Socialist ______ - - - - - - - - - - - -Prohibition ____ - - - - - - - - - - --

People's _____ - - - -- - -- -- - - -Thomas E.


Watson.
August Gillhaus_ Socialist-Labor- - - - - - - - - - - -DanielB. Turney United
-----------Christian.
336
Republican ___ _
Theodore
Roosevelt.
140
Alton B. Parker_ Democratic__ __
Eugene V. Debs_ SocialisL ____ - - - - - - - - - - - - - Silas C. Swallow Prohibition __ - - - - - - - - - - - - - People's _______ -----------Thomas E.
Watson.
Socialist-Labor _ - - ____ c - - - - Charles H.
Corregan.
Austin Holcomb_ ContinentaL ___ - --- - -- -- - --

28

27

9,147,353
919,799
265,411
189,408

Presidential
candidate

YEAR

16,152,200

W. W. Cox _____ Socialist-Lab or_ -----------Robert C.


Single Tax ---- -----------Macauley.
James E.
American ______ -----------Ferguson
48

Number
of States

VOTE CAST

25

24

Martin Van
Buren.
William H.
Harrison.
Hugh L. White __
Daniel Webster _
W. P. Mangum _

Democratic____

-~----------

73

Whig_________
Whig_________
Anti-Jackson __

26
14
11
219
49

Andrew Jackson Democratic_ - --

7,069
762,678

170

Whig_________

Andrew Jackson Democratic_ - -Henry Clay ____ National


Republican.
William Wirt- _ _ Anti-Masonic __
John Floyd_ ____ Nullifiers ___ - -(Not voted) __ - - - - - - - - --- -- - ---

1,275,016

735,651

687,502
530,189

117 - __________ _
2
178

64.7,286

289

Data: P 27-31

GOVERNMENT

Series P 27-31.-ELECTIONS AND POLITICS-ELECTORAL AND POPULAR VOTE FOR


PRESIDENT, BY POLITICAL PARTY; 1789 TO 1944-Con.
[More than one party designation may follow a candidate's name because of his endorsement by minor parties (listed second) or because several minor groups known
by various names in different States may support the same candidate.]

YEAR

Number
of States

Presidential
candidate

Political
party

27

28

29

1828"":"
Con.
1824 ___

1820 ___

1816 ___

John Q. Adams _ National


Republicans.
24

24

19

1808 ___

18

17

Electoral

Popular

30

81

83

508,064

John Q. Adams _
{
Andrew Jackson INo distinct
pa~y dasigHenry Clay ____
natIOns.
W. H. Crawford

584
599
37
41

108,740
153,544
47,136
46,618

James Monroe __ Republican ____


John Q. Adams _ In dependen tRepublican.
(Not voted) ____ ---------------

231
1

------------

-----------------------

James Monroe __ Republican ____


Rufus King _____ Federalist ____ -'
(Not voted) ____

183
34
4

-------------------.;--------------

James Madison _ DemocraticRepublican.


DeWitt Clinton_ Fusion ________
(Not voted) ____ ---------------

128

------------

89
1

-----------------------

James Madison _ DemocraticRepublican.


C. C. Pinckney _ FederalisL ____
George Clinton _ Inciependen tRepublican.
(N ot voted), ____

122

------------

---------------

1812 ___

VOTE CAST

47
6

---------------

------------

17

Thomas Jefferson DemocraticRepublican.


C. C. Pinckney _ Federalist __ '- __

162

14

------------

11'00

16

Thomas Jefferson DemocraticRepublican.


Aaron Burr _____ DemocraticRepublican.
John Adams ____ Federalist. ____
C. C. Pinckney _ Federalist. ____
John Jay _______ Federalist. ____

73
73

-----------------------

65
64
1

----------------------------------

71
68

------------

1796 r. -

16

John Adams ____ Federalist _____


Thomas Jefferson DemocraticRepublican.

------------

1 Includes 798 Union votes cast in endorsement of Republican candidates.


~ Because of the death of Horace Greeley, Democratic electors scattered their
votes.
8 Harrison, 549,000: White, 146,000; arid Webster, 41,000.
4 For 1832,see Platforms of the Two Great Political Parties, p. 440 .. However,
Atlas of the Historical Geography . . gives Jackson, 707,000; Clay, 329,000; Wirt,
255,000. American Political Partie8 and Presidential Elections gives 530,189 for
Clay but indicates this includes votes for Wirt.

290

Number
of States

Presidential
candidate

27

28

1792

6 _

1789

6 _

Political
party
29

Federalist. ____
Thomas Pinckney.
Aaron Burr _____ AntifederalisL _
Samuel Adams __ DemocraticRepublican.Oliver Ellsworth Federalist. ____
George Clinton _ DemocraticRepublican.
John Jay _______ IndependentFederalist.
James Iredell ___ Federalist _____
George Washing- Federalist. ____
ton.

1796 6
-Con.

15

------------

-----------------------

.1.OV"J: ___

8 _

YEAR

11

John Henry ____ IndependeIl. t ___


S. Johnston ____ IndependentFederalist.
C. C. Pinckney _ IndependentFederalist.
George Washing- FederalisL ____
ton.
John Adanis ____ Federalist _____
George Clinton _ DemocraticRepublican.
Thomas Jefferson
Aaron Burr _____ ----------------'-------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------John Hancock __ --------------George Clinton _ --------------Samuel Hunting- ---------------ton.


John Milton ____ --------------James Armstrong - -"- - _......... - ...... - - -Benjamin Lin--------------coIn.
George Washington.
John Adams ____
John Jay _______
R. H. Harrison _
John Rutledge __

Edward Telfair_
(Not voted) ____

-----------------------------

VOTE CAST

Electoral

Popular

30

31

59

------------

30
15

---------------------------------------------

11

3
2
2

----- --- ------------------------------ -------

------------

132

------------

77
50

-----------------------

4
1

-----------------------

------.------

69

------------ ..

34
9
6
6

-----------------------

4
3
2
2
1

1
1
12

----------------------------------

------------

-----------------------

---------------------------------------------

5 No candidate having a majority in the electoral college, the election was decided in the House of Representatives.
6 Prior to the election of 1804, each elector voted for 2 candidates for President:
the one receiving the highest number of votes, if a majority, was declared elected
president, the next highest, Vice-President. This provision was modified by adoptiono! the 12th amendment which was proposed by the 8th Congress, Dec. 12, 1803,
and declared rati:fied by the legislatures of three-fourths of the States in a proclamation of the Secretary of State, Sept. 25 ,1804.

Data: P 32-39

ELECTIONS AND POLITICS

Series P 32-39.-ELECTIONS AND POLITICS-NUMBER OF CONGRESSIONAL BILLS VETOED:


1789 TO 1946
l'ElTOElD BILLS
YElAR

32

1945-1946 2:...~ ____________


1933-1945 s______________

tained

Bills
passed
over
veto

Purpose and fiscal year

Subsequent
action on oiU

36

37

38

39

Vetoes

Presid~mt

ilUS-

Total

Regular

Pocket

33

34

35

Truman ______
Roosevelt, F __

74
631

54
371

MAJOR APPROPRIATION BILLS VETOED 1

20
260

1929-1933 _______________

Hoover ______

37

21

16

1923-1929 _______________
1921-1923 _______________

Coolidge _____
Harding ______

50
6

20
5

30
1

34
3 Executive and independent offices, 1934-____________
Deficiency, 1933________ __ ___ ___ _ ___ _____ ___ __ ___ _
46
4 _________________________________________________
6 _________________________________________ - - __ -- ____ - - --- -

No action taken
Veto sustained
- ______________ _
- - - ----- --- - ___ _

t913-1921 _______________

wilson _______

44

33

11

38

No action taken
'Veto sustained
No action taken
Veto sustained

Army, 1922___ __________ __ ___ ____ ___ _ __ _ __ _ __ ___ _


Legislative, executive, judicial, 192L _ _ _ ___ __ ___ ___ _
Sundry civil expenses, 1920 ________________________
Agriculture, 1920_~_______ ___ ____ _ ___ ___ __ _ __ _ ___ _

Legislative, executive, judicial, 1919_ _ _ _ __ __ _ ___ __ _ _ Veto lIustained


Agriculture, 1919 __ ... :..._____ _________ __ _ __ ___ ___ ___ _ Veto sustained
Post office, 1919 __________________________________ Veto sustained
Taft _________

39

30

38

HIOI-1909 _______________
1897-190L ______________

Roosevelt, T __
McKinley ____

82
42

42
6

40
36

81
42

1893-1897 _______________

cleveland ____

170

42

128

165

HI89-1393 _______________
1885-1889 _______________
1881-1885 __ ____________

Harrison, B ___
Cleveland ____
Arthur _______

44
414
12

19
304
4

25
110
8

43
412
11

1877-1'88L ______________

Hayes _______

13

12

1869-1377 ___ ~ ___________ Grant ________


1865-1869 _______________ Johnson ______
1861-1865 _______________ Lincoln ______
1857-186L ______________ Buchanan ____
1853~1857 ___________ ~ ___
Pierce ________
1845-1849 _______________ Polk _________

92
28
6
7
9
3

44
21
2
4
9
2

48
7
4
3

88
13
6
7
4
3

1841-1845_______________
1829-1837 ________ .:. ______
1817-1825 _______________
1809-1817_______________
1789-1797 _______________

10
12
1
7
2

4
7

9
12
1
7
2

1909-1913 _______ _______

Tyler ________
Jackson ______
Monroe ______
Madison _____
Washington __

1
5
2

Army, 1917_____ ______ __ __ ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ __ ____ _


Sundry civil expenses, 191L _______________________
Legislative, executive, judicial, 1913_ _ _ ____ _ _ ___ __ __
Legislative, executive, judicial, 1913 _ _ _ _ __ _ __ ___ __ __

Sundry civil expenses, 1898___ _____ _ ___ __ __ _ ___ __ __ No action taken


Indian Department, 1898_____ _ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ ____ __ No action taken
Agriculture,1898 ______ .___________________________ No action taken
Deficiency, 1896 __________________________ ~ ___ __ __ Veto sustained
1 ______________________________ - - ---- --- - - - -- - -- - - -- --- -- --- -- ---2

Payment of marshals, 1881 ________________________


Payment of marShals, 1880 _____ __ _ __ _ ___ __ ___ ___ __
Payment of marshsal, 1880 ______ '-__ _ ___ ___ _ __ ___ __
Judicial expenses, 1880_ __ __ __ _ _ ___ _ ___ __ ___ __ ___ __
Gener!ll appropriations, 1880 ________________ ~____ __

12

1 For departmental support or similar purpose. Excl1:l.des bill. to appropriate for


particular programs or subject matter sllort of support of a major department or
altency.

No action taken
Veto i1ustained
Vetosustained
Veto sustained

No action taken
No action taken
Veto sustained
Veto sustained
Veto sustained

4 _________________________________ --- _________ -- -- _______ - ____ - __ _


15
5 _____________________________________ . ___________ ------------- __ _
1 _______ c ________________________________________________________ _

2
8

Through 7tth Congress.


Through April 12, 1945; 2 bills of 79th Congress vetoed by President Roosevelt

291

GOVERNMENT

Data: P 40-49

Series P 4&-49.-ELECTIOi-JS AND POLITICS-CONGRESSIONAL BILLS, ACTS, Ai-JD


RESOLUTIONS: 1789 TO 1946
[Excludes simple and concurrent resolutions J
MEASURES PASSED

MEASURES INTRODUCED
PERIOD OF SESSION

Congress

Total
40

Bills

Joint
resolutions

Total

41

42

43

Total

Acts

Resolutions

Total

Acts

Resolutions

44

45

46

47

48

49

111
131

892
589
635
657
840

892
589
635
651
835

851
486
442
869
1,037

136
53
74
140
108

737
436
327
513
577

730
434
326
568

879
707
654
470
405

808
632
549
401
349

71
75
105
69
56

544
289
276
124
48

537
286
275
120
48

8
1
4

684
700
716
884
646

458
417
530
595
411

400
342
457
526
350

58
75
73
69
61

226
283
186
289
235

221
271
180
286
234

12
6
3
1

355
347
453
484
646

7,024
4,041
2,790
1,942
1,437

775
575
480
443
552

692
502
423
383
449

83
73
57
60
103

6,249
3,466
2,310
1,499
885

6,248
3,465
2,309
1,498
880

471
430
375
467
414

948
711
722
2,251
1,824

434
463
398
611
570

356
374
347
531
508

78
89
51
80
62

514
248
324
1,640
1,254

504
285
318
1,633
1,246

1945-Aug. 1946__ __ __ _ _ _ __ __
1943-Dec. 1944_____________
1941-Jan. 1942_____________
1939-Jan. 1941.____________
1937-June 1938_____________

79th_ - --78th ____ _


77th ____ _
76th ____ _
75th ____ _

10,330
8,334
11 ,334
16,105
16,156

9,748
7,845
10,793
15,174
15,120

582
489
541
931
1,036

1,625
1,157
1,485
1,662
1,759

733
568
850
1,005
919

733
568
850
894
788

Jan. 1935-Jtine 1936_____________


Dec.. 1931-Mar: 1933____________
Apr. 1929-Mar. 1931____________
Dec. 1927-Mar. 1929 ____________

74th ____ _
73d ----72d _____ _
71st ----70th ____ _

18,754
14,370
21,382
24,453
23,897

17,819
13,774
20,501
23,652
23,238

935
596
881
801
659

1,724
975
843
1,522
1,722

987
539
516
1,009
1,145

Dec. 1925-Mar. 1921-___________


Dec. 1923-Mar. 1925____________
'Apr. 1921-Mar. 1923 ____________
May 1919-Mar. 1921.___________
May 1917-Dec. 1919 ____________

69th ____ _
68th ____ _
67th ____ _
66th ____ _
65th ____ _

23,799
17,462
19,889
21,967
22,5.94

23,250
16,884
19,133
21,222
21,919

549
578
756
745
675

1,423
996
930
594
453

Dec. 1915-Mar. 1917____________


Mar. 1913-Mar. 1915____________
Apr. 1911-Mar. 1913 ____________
Mar. 1909-Mar. 1911-___________
Dec. 1907-Mar. 1909____________

64th ____ _
63d ----62d _____ _
61st ----60th ____ _

30,052
30,053
38,032
44,363
38,388

29,438
29,367
37,459
43,921
37,981

614
686
573
442
407

Mar. 1905-Mar. 1907____________


Mar. 1903-Mar. 1905____________
Mar. 1901-Mar. 1903____________
Dec. 1899-Mar. 1901.___________
Mar.,'1897-Mar.1899____________

59th ____ _
58th ____ _
57th ____ _
56th ____ _
55th ____ _

34,879
26,851
25,460
20,893
18,463

34,524
26,504
25,007
20,409
17,817

Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.

Mar.1933-Ju~e193L___________

Private

Public

(1)

(1)
(1)

512

6
5

7
2

1
7

1
1
1
5
10
13
6

Dec. 1895-Mar. 1897____________


Mar. 189B-Mar. 1895____________
Dec. 1891-Mar. 1893____________
Mar. 1889-Mar. 1891.___________
Dec. 1887-Mar. 1889____________

54th ____ _
53d ----52d _____ _
51st ----50th ____ _

14,585
12,226
14,893
19,630
17,078

14,114
11,796
14,518
19,163
16,664

Mar. 1885-Mar. 1887____________


Dec. 1883-Mar. 1885_ _ ___ ____ _ __
Mar. 1881-Mar. 1883____________
Mar. 1879-Mar. 1881.___________
Mar. 1877-Mar. 1879 ______ ~_____

49th ____ _
48th ____ _
47th ____ _
46th ____ _
45th ____ _

15,002
11,443
10,704
10,067
8,735

14',618
10,961
10,194
9,4818,413

384
482
510
586
322

1,452
969
761
650
746

424
284
419
372
303

367
219
330
288
255

57
65
89
84
48

1,028
685
342
278
443

1,025
678
817
250
430

Mar. 1875-Mar. 1877 ____________


Mar. 1873-Mar. 1875____________
Mar. 1871-Mar. 1873____________
Mar. 1869-Mar. 1871.___________
Apr. 1867-Mar. 1869 ____________

44th ____ _
4Bd ----42d _____ _
41st ----40th ____ _

6,230
6,434
5,943
5,314
3,723

6,001
6,252
5,725
4,466
3,003

229
182
218
848
720

580
859
1,012
769
765

278
415
531
470
354

251
392
515
313
226

27
23
16
157
128

302
444
481
299
411

292
441
479
235
380

1867____________
1865 __ ---------1863____________
1861.___________
1859____________

39th ____ _
38th ____ _
37th ____ _
36th ____ _
35th ____ _

2,348
1,708
1,661
1,746
1,686

1,864
1,402
1,370
1,595
1,544

484
306
291
151
142

714
515
521
370
312

427
411
428
157
129

306
318
335
131
100

121
93
93
26
29

287
104
93
213
183

228

Mar.
Mar.
Mar.
Mar.
Mar.

79
66
192
174

59
25
27
21
9

Dec. 1855-Mar. 1851- ____ ~______


Mar. 1853-Mar. 1855__ __ _ _ _ __ ___
Mar. 1851-Mar. 1853____________
Mar. 1849-Mar. 1851.___________
Dec. 1847-Mar. 1849____________

34th ____ _
33d - - --32d _____ _
31st ----30th ____ _

1,608
1,660
1,167
1,080
1,433

1,515
1,552
1,011
978
1,305

93
108
156
102
128

433
540
306
167
446

157
188
137
109
176

127
161
113
88
142

30
27
24
21
34

276
352
169
58
270

265
329
156
51
254

11
23
13
7
16

29th_ - - -28th ____ _


27th ____ _
26th __ --25th ____ _

1,051
1,085
1,210
1,122
1,631

956
979
1,146
1,081
1,566

95
106
64
41
65

303
279
524
147
532

142
142
201
55
150

117
115
178
50
138

25
27
23
5
12

161
137
323
92
382

146

Mar. 1845-Mar. 1841-_ ____ _ _ ____


Dec. 1843-Mar. 1845____________
Mar. 1841-Mar. 1843____________
Dec. 1839-Mar. 1841. _ ___ _ __ __ _ _
Mar. 1837-Mar. 1839____________

317
90
376

15
6
6
2
6

Dec. 1835-Mar. 1837 ____________


Dec. 1833-Mar. 1835 ____________
Dec. 1831-Mar. 1833_ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ __
Mar. 1829-Mar. 1831.___________
Dec. 1827-Mar. 1829 ____________

24th ____ _
23d ----22d ___ --21st ----20th ____ _

1,107
993
1,000
856
632

1,055
946
976
842
612

52
47
24
14
20

459
390
462
369
235

144
128
191
152
134

130
121
175
143
126

14
7
16
8

315
262
271
217
101

314
262
270
217
100

Mar. 1825-Mar. 1827 ___________ _


Dec. 1823-Mar. 1825 ___________ _
Dec. 1821-Mar. 1823 ___________ _
Dec. 1819-Mar. 1821. __________ _
Mar. 1817-Mar. 1819 ___ - - - - - - - --

19th ____ _
18th ____ _
17th ____ _
16th ____ _
15th ____ _

622
498
492
480
507

609
481
492
480
507

13
17

266
335
238
208
257

153
141
136
117
156

147
137
130
109
136

6
4
6
8
20

113
194
102
91
101

113
194
102
91
101

Dec. 1815-Mar. 1811- __________ _


Mar. 1813-Mar. 1815 ___________ _
Mar. 1811-Mar. 1813 __ - - - - - - - --Mar. 1809-Mar. 1811.~ _________ _
Oct. 1807-Mar. 1809 ____________ _

14th ____ _
13th ____ _
12th ____ _
llth.: ___ _
10th ____ _

465
400
406
348
266

465
400
406
348
266

298
273
209
119
105

173
185
170
94
88

163
167
163
91
87

10
18
7
3

125
88
39
25
17

124
88
39
25
17

90
93
80
100
137

88
90
78
94
135

75
103
65
108

72
94
64
94

1865-Mar.
1863-Mar.
1861-Mar.
1859-Mar.
1857-Mar.

Mar. 1805-Mar. 1807 ___ --------Oct. 1803-Mar. 1805 ____________ _


Mar. 1801-Mar. 1803 ___________ _
Dec. 1799-Mar. 1801. __________ _
Mar. 1797-Mar. 1799_ - - -- - -- ---June
Mar.
Mar.
Mar.
1

1795-Mar. 1797 ___________ _


1793-Mar. 1795 ___________ _
1791-Mar. 1793 ___________ _
1789-Mar. 1791. __________ _

9th ____ _
8th ____ _
7th ____ _
6th __ .__ _
5th ____ _

219
217
161
157
234

219
217
161
157
234

106
111
95
112
155

4th ____ _
3d ____ _
2d _____ _
1st ____ _

132
122
105
144

132
122
105
144

85
127
77
118

Public and private resolutions are carried only as public and private laws beginning with the 77th Congress.

292

1
2

3
2

6
2

3
9
1
14

131

3
7

25
28
13
10

11

2
64
31

16
18
15
12
18

16 ---------18
15
12
18

10
24
12
10

10 ____ -----24 _________ _

1~

--------2-

ELECTIONS AND POLITICS

Data: P 50-56

Series P 50-56.-,-ELECTIONS AND POLITICS-POLITICAL PARTY AFFILIATIONS IN CONGRESS


AND THE PRESIDENCY: 1789 TO 1946
[Ad-Administration; AM-Anti-Masonic; C-Coalition; D-Democratic; DR-Democratic-Republican; Fed-Federalist; J-Jacksonian; NR-National Republican
Op-Opposition: R-:-Republican: U-Unionist; W-Whig]
-'~f

SENATE

HOUSE

Other
(except
vacancies)

50

52

53

54

55

1945-1946___ _ _____ __ __ ____ __ ___ __ __ __ _ 79th ______ _

D-242

R-190

D-56

R-38

1943-1944___ __ _ __ _____ ___ ___ _______ __ _


1941-1942 __________________
___ ___
1939-1941_ __ __ ___ _ __ _ _____ ___ __ __ ___ __
1937-1938_ ___ __ __ _ _____ ___ __ __ ___ ____ _

78th ______ _
77th ______ _
76th ______ _
75th ______ _

D-218
D-268
D-261
D-331

R-208
R-162
R":164
R-89

4
5
4
13

D-58
D-66
D-69
D-76

R-37
R-28
R-23
R-16

1935-1936_ ___ _ _ __ _____ ___ _ ___ __ __ __ ___


1933-1934 _______________________
1931-1933_ ___ __ __ _ __ ______ __ _ __ ___ __ __
1929-1931. _ __ _ _ __ __ __ ___ _ __ ___ __ _ __ ___
1927-1929_ __ _ __ ____ __ __ __ ___ __ ___ _____

74th ______ _
73d ______ _
72d _______ _
71st ______ _
70th ______ _

D-319
D-S10
D-220
R-267
R-237

R-I03
R-117
R-214
D-167
D-195

10
5
1
1
3

D-69
D-60
R-48
R-56
R-49

R-25
R-35
D-47
D-39
D-46

1925-1927 --1923-1921L
__ _--_ _- _--__ _--_ __- _- _- _- _- _--_ _--___--_ _--__- _--_
1921-1923 ___ _ _ _______ _ _____ __ _ __ _ __ ___
1919-1921.___ _ ____ __ ____ _____ __ ___ _ ___
1917-1919___ ___ __ ___ _ _____ __ ___ __ _____

------

R-247
R-225
R.c303
R-240
D-216

D-183

67th ______ _
66th ______ _
65th ______ _

D-131
D-190
R-210

4
5
1
3
6

R-56
R-51
R-59
R-49
D-53

D-39
D-43
D.c37
D-47
R-42

1915-1917 ____ __ __ _ ____ __ __ ______ _ __ __ _


1913-1915_____________________________
1911-1913_ _ ___ _ __ ___ ___ ___ __ ___ _____ __
1909-1911.____________________________
1907-1909____ _ __ ___ __ _ ___ __ __ _ _____ __ _

64th ______ _
63d ______ _
62d _______ _
61st ______ _
60th ______ _

D-2S0
D-291
D-228
R-219
R-222

R-196
R-127
R-161
D-172
D-164

9
17
1

D-56
D-51
R-51
R-61
R-61

R-40
R-44
'.; D-41
D-S2
D.c31

1905-1907 ___ ___ __ _ __ ___ __ ______ __ __ ___ 59th ______ _


1903-1905_ ___ _ ___ __ ___ _ __ _____ _ __ ___ __ 58th ______ _
1901-1903 __________________
__ __ ___ 57th ______ _

R-250
R-208
R-197

D-136
D-178
D-151

------9-----

----'--------

R-57
R-57
R-55

D-33
D.c33
D-Sl

------------

1899-1901.__ ___ __ ___ _____ __ ___ ____ ____ 56th ______ _


1897-1899_ _ __ _ _ __ _ ____ _ __ _ __ ____ _ ___ __ 55th ______ _

R-185
R-204

D-163
D-1l3

9
40

R-53
R-47

D-26
D-34

8
7

1895-1897 ___ _ ____ _ _ _____ _ ____ _____ ____


1893-1895___ ___ __ __ __ ___ _______ __ _ ____
1891-1893_ _____ __ _ __ __ _ _ __ _______ _ ____
1889-1891. ______________.______________
1887-1889____ ____ _ __ _ __ ___ ___ ____ __ ___
1885-1887 ___ ___ _____ __ ____ __ _ __ ___ __ __

54th ______ _
53d ______ _
52d _______ _
51st ______ _
50th ______ _
49th ______ _

R-244
D-218
D-235
R-166
D-169
D-183

D-105
R-127
R-88
D-159
R-152
R-140

7
11
9

D.c39
R.c38
D-39
D-37
D-37
D-34

6
3

R-43
D:-404
R-47
R-39
R-39
R-43

__________________________ ~ __
1881-1883_ _____ ___ ___ __ __ ______ __ __ _ __

48th ______ _
47th ______ _

D-197
R-147

R-118
D-135

10 ~
11

R-S8
R'-37

D-S6
D.c37

1879-1881. ___ __ _____ ___ ___ _____ ___ ___ _ 46th ______ _
1877-1879___ _ _ __ _____ _ _ _______ _ __ ____ _ 45th ______ _

D-149

R-130
R-140

14

D-42
R-39

R-S3
D-S6

1
1

1875-1877 ___ __ __ ___ __ __ ___ ____ ____ ____


1873-1875 _____________________________
1871-1873_ __ __ ____ ___ _ _ __ _____ ___ __ ___
1869-1871. _ ___ _ __ ___ _ ____ ____ _ ___ ____ _
1867-1869 ____________ _______________'_
1865-1867 ________________ __ ___ __ ___ __

44th ______ _
43d ______ _
42d _______ _
41st ______ _
40th ______ _
39th ______ _

D-169
R-194
D-134
R-149
R-143
U-149

14
14
5

D-29
D-19
D-17
D-ll
D-ll
D-10

-------------------_ ..... ------------

1863-1865__ ___ _ _____ _ __ __ __ __ ____ __ ___ 38th ______ _


1861-1863 _______________ -'- _______ '_ __ __ _ 37th ______ _

YEAR

Congress

~____

~_____

~~!e- _____ _
OO~lL

~___

1883~1885

D~153

Other
(except
vacancies)

Principal
minority
party

Principal
minority
party
51

Major
party

D=205

-----------------------

------4-----

------------

R-109
D-92

Major
party

2
1
1
1
1

D
D
R
R
R

(F. Roosevelt)
(F. Roosevelt)
(Hoover)
(Hoover)
(Coolidge)

1
2

R
R
R
D
D

(Coolidge)
(Coolidge)
(Harding)
(Wilson)
(Wilson)

D
D
R
R
R

(Wilson)
(Wilson)
(Taft)
(Taft)
(T. Roosevelt)

R
R
R
R
R
R

(T. Roosevelt)
(T. Roosevelt)
(T. Roosevelt)
(McKinley)
(McKinley)
(McKinley)

-------------------_
.. _----------------------4

------------

-----'-------

--- ... -------1

... -----------

R-102
R-105

D-75
D-4S

9
30

R-S6
R-31

D-9
D-10

8
4.
8
5
2
3
2

------------

1
2
4
4

(Truman)
(F. Roosevelt)
(F. Roosevelt)
(F. Roosevelt)
(F. Roosevelt)
(F. Roosevelt)

-----------------------

D-63
D-49
D-42

------------

56

D
D
D
D
D
D

-----------------------

R-45
R-49
R-52
R-56
R-42
U-42

R~104

President

D (Cleveland~
D. (Cleveland
R (B. Harrison)
R (B. Harrison)
D (Cleveland)
D (Cleveland)

R
R
R
R
R

Hayes)
(Hayes)

R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R

(Grant)
(Grant)
(Grant)
(Grant)
(Johnson)
(Johnson)
(Lincoln)
(Lincoln)
(Lincoln)

(Arthur)
(Arthur)

~Garfl.eld)

1859-1861. __ __ __ __ _ ___ ___ ____ _ ___ _ __ __


1857-1859_____ _ ___ ____ _ __ __ ____ __ _____
1855-1857 __ _________ ____ __ ___ ___ __ ___ _
1853-1855 ____________________________ ~
'1851-1853 _____________________________
1849-1851. _____________ ,__ ______ __ _____

36th ______ _
35th ______ _
34th ______ _
33d ______ _
82d ___.____ _
31st ______ _

R-1l4
D-1l8
R-108
D-159
D-l40
D-112

D-92
R-92
D-83
W-7l
W-88
W-l09

SI
26
43
4
5
9

D-36
D-36
D-40
D-38
D-35
D-S5

R-26
R-?O
R-15
W-22
W-24.
W-25

1847-1849_ _ ___ ______ _ __________ __ ____ _


1845":1847 ___ ____ __ _ ___ _ ___ ______ _____ _
1848-1845 ____________ . ______________ ._
1841-1843 ______ .____ _ ____ __ ______ ____ _

30th ______ _
29th ______ _
28th ______ _
27th ______ _

W-115
D-142
W-133

D-I08
W-77
W-79
D-102

4
6
1
6

D-S6
D-31
W-28
W-28

W-21
W-25
D-25
D-22

---.---------

1839-1841. ___ ___ __ ___ __ __ ______ __ __ __ _ 26th ______ _


1837-1889___ __ __ __ __ __ ___ ____ _____ ___ _ 25th ______ _

D-124
D-108

W-118
W-107

------------

D-28
D-30

W-22
W-18

------4-----

24th ______ _
28d __ ___ _
22d _______ _
21st ______ _
20th ______ _
19th ______ _

D-145
D-147
D-141
D-139
J-119
Ad-l05

W-98
AM-53
NR-58
NR-74
Ad-94
J-97

-----------60

D-27
D-20
D-25
D-26
J-28
Ad-26

W-25
NR-20
NR-21
NR-22
Ad-20
J-20

-_ .. ----- .... _..

1823-1825 __________________________ __ 18th ______ _


1817-1819__ ____ _____ __ ____ __ ___ __ _ ___ _ 15th ______ _

t~itj~~~=== =========== == ====== ===:=== j~~t=======

DR-187
DR-158
DR-156
DR-141

Fed-26
Fed-25
Fed-27
Fed-42

DR-44
DR-44
DR-35
DR-34

Fed-4
Fed-4
Fed-7
Fed-lO

1815-1817__ ___ ______ _ ___ ___ ___ _____ ___


1813-1815 ___________ - - ___ - ___ _ ___ ____ _
1811-1813_ ___ ____ __ __ _ _ __ _ ____ ____ __ __
1809-1811. __ ________ __ ____ ___ _________

14th ______ _
13th ______ _
12th ______ _
llth ______ _

DR-117
DR-112
DR-lOS
DR-94

Fed-65
Fed-68
Fed-36
Fed-48

DR-25
DR-27
DR-HO
DR-28

Fed-ll
Feo-9
Fed-6
Fed-6

1807-1809__ ___ _ _____ ___ _______ ______ __ 10th ______ _


9th. _____ _
1805-1807 ________________________ . _. __
1803-1805_ ____ ____ _ ____ ___ __ ___ ____ __ _ 8th ______ _
1801-1803 _____________________ - ____ __ _ 7th ______ _
1799-1801. _ __ __ __ __ __ _ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ _ 6th ______ _
5th _______ _
1797-1799___ _ ___ ____ ____ _ ___ ___ _____ __

DR-lls
DR-lI6
DR-l 02
DR-69
Fed-64
Fed-58

Fed-24
Fed-25
Fed-39
Fed-S6
DR-42
DR-48

DR-28
DR-27
DR-25
DR-18
Fed-19
Fed-20

Fed-6
Fed-7
Fed-9
Fed-14
DR-IS
DR-12

----------------------------------

-----------------------

DR
DR
DR
DR
Fed
Fed

(Jefferson)
(Jefferson)
(Jefferson)
(Jefferson)
(John Adams)
(John Adams)

Fed-54
DR-57
Fed.c37
Ad.c38

DR-52
Fed-48
DR-33
Op-26

Fed-19
Fed-17
Fed-16
Ad-17

DR-13
DR-IS
DR-13
Op-9

---------------------------------------------

Fed
Fed
Fed
Fed

(Washington)
(Washington:),
(Washington)
(Washington)

1835-1837 _ __ __ ___ __ _ __ __ __ _____ __ ____ _


1833-1835 _____________________________
1831-1838___ _ _ __ __ _ _ ____ _____ ______ __ _
1829..,.1831. ____________________________
1827-1829___ ___ ___ ______ _ ______ __ ____ _
. 1825-1827 _________________________ ~___

1795-1797 ____________________ - - - - - - - -1793-1795 _____________________ - ___ - _- 1791-1793 _____________________ - _- - -- -1789-1791 _________________________ - __ _

4th ______ _
3d ______ _
2d _______ _
1st ______ _

D~143

24

14

---------------------------------------------

------------

_....

_---------

------------

--------------,---------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------

------------

------------

1
2

8
2

--------------------------------------------------------------------------- ...... -----------------_


... ---------_ .. ---------------

------------

D (Buchanan)
D (Buchanan)
D (Pierce)
D (Pierce)
W (Fillmore)
W (Fillmore)
W (Taylor)
D (Polk)
D (Polk)
W (Tyler)
W (Tyler)
W CW. Harrison)
D (Van Buren)
D (Van Buren)
D
D
D
D

(Jackson)
(Jackson)
(Jackson)
(Jackson)
C (John Q. Adams)
C (John Q. Adams)
DR
DR
DR
DR

(Monroe)
(Monroe)
(Monroe.)
(Monroe)

DR (Madison)
DR ~Madison)
DR Madison)
DR (Madison)

293

Data: P 57-68

GOVERNMENT

Series P 57-61.-ELECTIONS AND POLITICS-APPORTIONMENT OF REPRESEl--JTATIVES


AMONG THE STATES: 1790 TO 1940
APPORTIONMENT ACT

rZ

Population
Congresses
Number
base 1
of
States

YEAR

57

--

59

58

1940 ______
1930._~ ___
1920 _____
1910 _____
1900 _____

78th
73d,77th
(8)
63d,72d
58th, 62d

131,006,184
122 ,093 ,455
91,603,772
74,562,608

1890 _____
1880 _____
1870 _____
1860 _____

53d, 57th
48th,52d
43d,47th
38th,42d

61,908,906
49,371 ,340
38,115,641
29,550,038

48
48

APPORTIONMENT ACT

Apportionment population per


representative

Date of act
60

YEAR

Nov. 15, 1941


June 18, 1929

48
45

Aug. 8, 1911
Jan. 16, 1901

210,583
193,167

44
38
37
34

356
325
292
241

Feb. 7, 1891
Feb. 25, 1882
Feb. 2, 1872 4
May 25, 1850 5

173,901
151,912
130,533
122,614

1840 ____
1830 ____
1820 ____
1810 ____
1800 ____

(3)

58

Date of act
60

59

21,766,691

31

234 May 23, 1850 e

26
24
24
17
16

223
240
213
181
141

15
14

105 ApI'. 14, 1792


65 Constitution178~

4 Amended
5 Amended
G Amended

3,615,823

----------

by the act
by the act
by the act
7 The minimum ratio
tution (art. I, sec. 2).

Apportionment population per


representative
61

28th,32d 15,908,376
23d,27th 11,930,987
18th,22d
8,972,396
13th,17th 6,584,231
8th,12th 4,879,820

1790 ____ 3d, 7th


1st, 2d

1 Excludes the population of the District of Columbia, the population of the


territories, the number of Indians not taxed, and (prior to 1870) two-fifths of the
slave population.
2 This number is the actual number apportioned at the beginning of the decade.
!No apportionment was made after the census of 1920.

Number
Number of repreof
sentaStates
tives 2

57

-1850 ____ 33d,37th

301,164
280,675

(3)

Population
base 1

Congresses

61

435
435
435
435
386

(8)

(8)

Number
of representatives 2

June 25, 1842


May 22,1832
Mar. 7, 1822
Dec. 21, 1811
Jan. 14, 1802

93,020
71,338
49,712
42,124
36,877
34,609
34,436
730,000

of May 30, 1872.


of March 4, 1862.
of July 30, 1852.
of population to representatives stated in _the Consti-

Series P 62-68.-GOVERNMENT EMPLOYMENT-FEDERAL GOVERNMENT EMPLOYMENT:


1816 TO 1945
[ For series P 65-68, data are for fiscal year from July 1 to June 30, except as indicated. For series P 65-67, data are not available for 1942-1945}
PAID EMPLOYEES IN EXECUTIVE
BRANCH, FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
YEAR

Total
number

62

Wash., D.
C., metropolitan
area 1
63

CIVIL SERVICE CLASSIFIED


COMPETITIVE POSITIONS

All other Number of Persons


areas 1
positions 2 examined
64

65

66

Persons
-passed

Persons
appointed

67

68

1945 ___ _ 3,769,646


1944 ____ 3,312,256
1943 ____ 3,157,113
1942 ____ 2,206,970
194L ___ 1,370,110

257,808
270,019
4280,811
268,383
184,236

1940 ____ 1,014,117


1939 ____ 920,310
1938 ____ 851,926
1937 ____ 841,664
1936 ____ 824,259

133,856
123,364
115,590
115,409
117,103

880,261
796,946
736,336
726,255
707,156

5726,827
622,832
562,909
532,073
498,725

839,112
556,571
388,404
820,681
732,229

374,89.0
254,095
197,424
393,920
389,052

123,799
72,108
51,454
75,648
51,777

1935 ____
1934 ____
1933 ____
1932 ____
193L ___

719,440
673,095
572,091
583,196
588,206

103,453
89,132
65,437
68,793
71,693

615,987
583,963
506,654
514,403
516,513

455,229
450,592
456,096
. 467,161
468,050

430,114
296,447
191,771
257,109
248,438

198,266
169,555
89,082
89,717
121,670

36,182
22,757
12,216
25,080
41,528

1930 ____
1929 ____
1928 ____
1927 ____
1926 ____

580,494
559,579
540,867
527,228
528,542

68,510
63,904
61,388
59,800
60,811

511 ,984
495,675
479,479
467,428
467,731

462,083
445,957
431,763
422,998
422,300

267,429
243,510
236,997
251,679
202,846

132,991
125,726
123,830
106,937
105,964

41,075
47,913
40,317
42,063
38,916

1925 ____ 532,798


1924 ____
521,641
1923 ____
515,772
1922 ____ 527,517
1921. ___ 6562,252

63,756
64,120
66,290
69,980
78,865

469,042
457,521
449,482
457,537
483,387

423,538
415,593
411 ,398
420,688
448,112

201,415
225,723
2a4,200
206,007
303,309

122,495
135,451
122,918
128,952
203,209

50,164
67,349
57,694
63,867
101,711

1920 ____ 6691,116


1919 ____ 8842,214
H118 ____ 9917,760
1917 ____
517,805
1916 ____ 480,327
1915 ____ 476,363
1914 ____ 482,721
1913 ____ 469,879
1912 ____ 395,460
191L ___ 391,350

90,559
102,117
117,760
41,417
35,477

7600,557
740,097
7800,000
476,388
444,850

497,603
592,961
642,432
326,899
296,926

293,327
438,259
551,391
212,114
154,722

193,915
299,826
387,963
152,553
113,792

116,309
179,533
213,530
86,312
42,058

34,430
33,464
32,670
32,368
33,811

441,933
449,257
437,209
363,092
357,539

292,291
292,460.
282,597
217,392
227,657

167,795
215,587
141,905
106;078
105,024

114,632
147,526
94,350
59,251
70,159

36,397
41,935
35,154
20,969
23,256

3,511,888 --------- - --------- - ---------- 81,826,159


3,042,237 --------- - --------- - ---------- s 1,982,118
2,876,302 ---------- ---------- ---------- 32,697:,124
81,549,678
1,938,587
---------1,185,874 --990:233- 2,447,463 i:273:290306,000

Approximate prior to 1921. -For the period 1905-1910, data (not shown above
due to lack of space) for series P 63 and P 64 are as follows: P 63-1905, 25,930:
1906, 26,399; 1907, 27,284: 1908, 29,161; 1909, 30,298; 1910, 33,057. P64-1905,
274,685; 1906, 300,456; 1907, 310,467; 1908, 322,943; 1909, 337,496; 1910, 351,031.
, Figures for years prior to fiscal year ending June 30, 1934, are approximate.
S Includes war-service appointments, temporary, etc.
, Includes approximately 3,000 employees serving without compensation (W.O.C.)
and $l-a-year employees.
5 Excludes 68 employees occupying classified positions in the Administrative
Office of the U. S. Courts.
1

294

YEAR

1910 ____
1909 ____
1908 ____
1907. ___
1906 ____

Paid emCIVIL SERVICE CLASSIFIED


ployees,
COMPETITIVE POSITIONS
etc.,
executive
Persons
Persons
branch 1 Number of
positions 2 examined
passed
appointed
62
66
67
65
68

P'~OM

384,088
376,794
352,104
337,751
326,855

222,278
234,940
206,637
194,323
184,178

115,644
158,484
161,793
129,317
117,277

87;769
123,449
120 ;760
93,920
91,345

43,585
40,948
42,158
43,008
39,050

1905 ____ 300,615


1904 ____ 290,858
1903 ____ 301,000
1902 ____ ---------190L ___ 256,000

171,807
154,093
135,453
107,990
106,205

148,053
127,846
109,829
60,558
48,093

111,741
100,078
87,988
40,509
33,521

38,996
48,909
40,270
13,298
10,291

1900 ____ ---------1899 ____ 208,000


1898 ____ ---------1897 ____ 192,000
1896 ____

----------

94,893
93,144
89,306
85,886
87,044

46,602
49,164
45,712
50,571
31,179

34,965
36,312
30,600
29,474
20,714

9,889
9,557
7,870
3,047
5,086

1895 ____
1894 ____
1893 ____
1892 ____
189L ___

189,000
180,000
176;000
171 ,000
166,000

54,222
45,821
43,915
37,523
33,873

31,036
37,379
24,838
19,460
19,074

19,811
22,131
14,008
12,160
12,786

4,793
4,704
4,291
3,961
5,395

30,626
29,650
22,577
19,345
17,273

22,994
19,060
11 ,281
15,852
7,602

13,947
11 ,978
6,868
10,746
5,034

5,182
3,781
2,616
4,442
1,881

1890 ____ ---------1889 ____ ---------1888 ____ ---------1887 10 -- ---------1886 11 __ --------,--

1885 12 __ ---------6,347
4,141
15,590
1,800
1884 13 __ 131,208
3,542
2,044
13,78.0
489
188L ___ 107,000 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------187L ___
53,900 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------186L ___
49,200 ---------- --------- - ---------- ---------185L ___

33,300

184L ___
183L ___
182L ___
1816 ____

23,700 ---------- ---------- ---------19,800 ---------- ---------- ---------8,211 ---------- - --------- ---------6,327 ---------- - --------- ----------

---------- ---------- ---------- -- --------

As of July 31
7 Estimated.
8 As of June 30.
g As of Nov. 11.
10 January 16, 1886, to June 30, 1887.
11 JanuarY 16, 1885, to January 15, 1886.
12 January 16, 1884, to January 15, 1885.
18 July 16, 1888, to January 15, 1884.
6

-------------------

-------------------

Series P 69-88.-GOVERNMENT EMPLOYMENT-El\tlPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS: 1929 TO 1945


Employment figures represent average monthly employment and pay-roll amounts represent average monthly pay rolls, during year. Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals. Figures on nominal employees
not available for years pr~or to 1940 )
-

Total

Federal

Total Al TotalB

Nonschool

Total

Schools

Other
Total A

TotalB

Total A

.-----~-

TotalB

State and local

Federal

All

Executive
branch

_ .. -

MONTHLY PUBLIC PAY ROLLS


(IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS)

State and local

YEAR

--

. mJMBER OF PUBLIC EMPLOYEES


(IN THOUSANDS OF EMPLOYEES)

Local A

State

LocalB

Nonschool

Executive
branch

Other

School

All

Total

State

Local

--------------87
86
83
84
85
88
------------------~-

4H2
470
515
M4

1,313
1,302
1,343
1,372
1,413

1,426 1,097.4
1,399 1,073.2
1,418 1,031.1
1,461
768.1
1,492
586.7

671.4
683.9
651.0
397.6
219.0

9.1
8.1
7.4
6.7
6.2

416.9
381.2
372.7
363.8
361.5

158.3
140.2
144.1
144.1
144.1

258.6
241.0
228.7
219.8
217.4

70.4
64.6
62.0
60.0
61.7

188.2
176.4
166.7
159.8
155.7

5411
5416
544
4HO
4{i3

1,366
1,277
1,271
1,227
1,204

1,520

515.8
494.6
478.4
454.5
435.7

159.2
141.1
130.3
129.2
128.9

5.6
5.4
5.2
5.1
4.9

351.0
348.1
342.9
320.2
301.9

139.3
143.1
140.1
132.7
125.6

211.7
205.0
202.8
187.5
176.3

59.8
59.7
58.8
51.1
46.2

151.9
145.2
144.1
136.4
130.0

4~~0

3119
3(i8
3(;0

1,156
1,127
1,111
1,151
1,184

.399.5
363.6
346.5
379.5
406.4

113.5
93.2
77.2
84.7
90.5

4.7
4.3
3.8
3.6
3.6

281.3
266.1
265.5
291.2
312.3

119.8
114.1
117.4
129.3
136.6

161.4
151.9
148.1
161.9
175.7

40.9
37.2
34.9
36.6
37.7

120.6
114.7
113.2
125.3
138.0

3a5
3118

1,138
1,094

400.5
382.7

89.5
86.4

3.7
3.6

307.3
292.7

134.6
130.2

172.7
162.5

35.7
33.3

137.0
129,2

73

74

75

76

77

43
44
44
42
38

3,137
3,116
3,174
3,270
3,320

3,250
3,213
3,249
3,359
3,399

1,353
1,352
1,361
1,.383
1,363

1,784
1,764
1,813
1,887
1,957

1,897
1,861
1,888
1,976
2,036

4~'1

1,043
935
868
864
863

35
34
32
33
31

3,206
3,090
3,054
2,923
2,842

3,360

1,299
1,267
1,239
1,206
1,174

1,907
1,823
1,815
1,717
1,668

2,061

789
691
604
600
607

30
28
26
22
21

2,728
2,647
2,601
2,667
2,704

1,152
1,122
1,122
1,148
1,160

1,577
1,525
1,479
1,518
1,544

623
576

21
21

2,622
2,532

1,150
1,121

1,472
1,411

69

70

71

1945 _____
194L ____
1943 _____
1942 _____
194L ____

6,706
6,453
6,357
5,564
4,762

6,819
6,550
6,432
5,653
4,831

3,526
3,293
3,139
2,252
1,394

1940 _____
1939 _____
1938 _____
1937 _____
1936 _____

4,284
4,059
3,954
3,820
3,736

4,438

1935 _____
1934 _____
1933 _____
1932 _____
193L ____

3,547
3,366
3,231
3,289
3,332

1930 _____
1929 _____

3,266
3,129

-------------------------------------------------

79

80

72

-----------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------

- - - - _ ...

-.-~

78

-----------------------------------------------------------------

3~'9

---------------------------------------------------------

82

81

--.--

- - - - - - _ .. - - - - - -

---

--

--

t?:J
~

tlOJ

o
1-4

1-4

t'-I
1-4

:>
Z

Excludes nominal employees; that is, officials and .employees of local governments who receive only nominal compensation for their services.
Includes all officials and employees receiving any compensation for their services, except school-board members.
S Average for school term.

1
2

t?:J

Series P 89-98.-FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES-TREASURY

RECEIPTS~

AND SURPLUS OR DEFICIT: 1789 TO 1945

r Figures are rounded to nearest dollar and will not necessarily add to totals 1
INTERNAL REVENUE

Total receipts

YEAR 1

89
1945 ____________________________
1944 _________________________ - __
1943 ________________ - __ - __ - - - - -1942 ____________________ -_ - - _ - -1941 ____________________________

I'.:)
~

01

Customs
(including
tonnage tax)

90

Other

'rotal

91

92

93

$46 ,456 ,554 ,580 $354,775,542 $35,173,051,373 $7,445,980,795


34,654,851,852 5,770,620,418
44,148,926,968 431,252,168
16,093,668,781 4,947,297,425
22,281,642,709 324,290,778
7,960,464,973 4,163,799,712
12,799,061,621 388 ,948,427
3,469,637,849 3,230,736,400
7,607,211 ,852 391,870,013

$3,482,746,869
53 ,2!}2 ,202 ,529
5 916,385,725
285,848,509
514,967,690

95

$184,399 $188,102,579
99,320
1,000,000
129,206 ------------89,605 -.-----------178,246 -------------

1940 ___________________ - __ -- ____


1939 _________________ - ____ - -- - -1938 _____________ - ________ - - _ --1937 ____________________________
1936 ____________________________

5,387,124,670
5,164,823,626
5,854,661,227
5,028,840,237
4,115,956,615

348 ,590,636
318,837,311
359,187,249
486,356,599
386 ,811 ,594

2,125,324,635
2,188',757,289
2,640,284,711
2,163,413,817
1,426,575,434

2,640,097,620
2,469,463,558
2,647,033,726
2 ,168 ,726 ,286
2,086,276,174

2'73,111,779
187,765,468
208,155,541
210,343,535
216,293,413

117,020
248,461
95,649
71,218
74,355

1935 ____________________________
1934 ____________________________
1933 ____________________________
1932 ____________________________
1931 _________________________ - __

3,800,467,202
3,115,554,050
2,079,696,742
2,005,725,437
3,189,638,632

343,353,034
313,434,302
250,750,251
327,754,969
378,354,005

1,099,118,638
817,961.481
746,206,445
1,057,335,853
1,860,394,295

2,178,571 ,390
1,822,642,347
858,217,512
503,670,481
569,386,721

179,424,141
1'61,515,919
224,522,534
116,964,134
381,503,611

86,757
99,336
102,561
170,339
230,302

See footnotes on page 298.

SURPLUS (+) OR DEFICIT ( - )

Sales of Surplus postal


public lands
receipts
94

------------------------------------------------------------.------------------------------------------------------------

t'-I

OTHER RECEIPTS

Income and
profits taxes

I-r;j

Miscellaneous
receipts 4

Gross (including
debt
retirements)

Net (excluding
debt
retirements)

96

97

98

t?:J

$3 ,~W4 ,459,891 -$53,948,042,106 -$53,948,040,106


5 3 ,~~91,103 ,209
-49 ,594 ,587,896
-49,594,586,246
5916,256 ;519
-55,900,705,932
-55,897,242,532
-19,692,245,777
~~85 ,758,904
-19,597,523,477
514,789,344
-5,167,678,472
-5,103,417,972
272,994,759
187,517,007
208,059,892
210,212 ,317
216,219,058

-3,740,249,137
-3,600,514,405
-1,449,625,881
-3 ,252 ,539 ,719
-4,952,928,957

-3,611,065,037
-3,542,267,955
-1,384,160,931
-3,148,568,519
-4,549,688,807

179,337,363
161,416 ,584
224,419,973
116,793,795
381,273,309

-3 ,782 ,966,360
-3,255,393,297
-2,245,452,981
-2,942,051,451
-901,959.080

-3,209,408,110
-2,895,529,205
-1,783,848,181
-2,529,421,701
-461,877,080

t:j
t:O
c-t-

~
/oQ
0')

(C

00

t-:l

Series P 89-98.-FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES-TREASURY RECEIPTS, AND SURPLUS OR DEFICIT: 1789 TO 1945-Con.

t;j

[ Figures are rounded to nearest dollar and will not necessarily add to totals]

~
I)

c.o

0)

YEAR 1

I Total receipts

tonnage tax)

89
1930 ____________________________
1929 ____________________________
1928 ____________________________
1927____________________________
1926 ____________________________
1925 ____________________________
1924 ___________ ~ ________________
1923 ____________________________
1922 ____________________________
1921 ____________________________
1920 ____________________________
1919 ____________________________
1918 ____________________________
1917 ____________________________
1916 ____________________________
1915 ____________________________
1914 ____________________________
1913 ____________________________
1912 ______________ ~ _____________
1911 ____________________________
1910 ____________________________
1909 ____________________________
1908 ____________________________
1907 ____________________________
1906 ____________________________
1905 ____________________________
1904 ____________________________
1903 ____________________________
1902 ____________________________
1901 ____________________________
1900 ____________________________
1899 ____________________________
1898 __ c _________________________
1897 ____________________________
1896 ____________________________
1895 ____________________________
1894 ____________________________
1893 ____________________________
1892 ____________________________
1891 ____________________________
1890 ____________________________
1889 ____________________________
1888 ____________________________
1887 ____________________________
1886 ____________________________
1885 ____________________________
1884 ____________________________
1883 ____________________________
1882 ____________________________
1881 ____________________________
1880 ________'____________________
1879 ______________.______________
1878 ____________________________

See footnotes on p. 298.

Customs I
I ' (including

90

$4,177,941,702 $ 587,000,903
4,033,250,225 602,262,786
4,042,348,156 568,986,188
4,129,394,441 605,499,983
3,962,755,690 579,430,093

"i:l

INTERNAL REVENUE

OTHER RECEIPTS

Income and
profits taxes

Other

Total

91

92

93

$2,410,986,978
2,330,711 ,823
2,173,952,557
2,224,992,800
1,982,040,088

$628,308,036
607,307,549
621,018,666
644,421,542
855,599 ,289

$551,645,785
492 ,968,067
678,890,745
654,480,116
545,686,220

Sal.es of S urplus postal


lands
receipts

publi.~

!t4

$395,744
314,568
384,651
621,187
754,253

95

SURPLUS (

+) OR DEFICIT ( -,)

Gross (including
debt
retirements)

Net (excluding
debt
retirements)

96

97

98

$551,250,041
492,653,499
678,006 ; 094
653,858,929
544,931,967

+$183, ,(89,215
+ 184,787,085
+398,828,281
+635,809,921
+377,767,816

623,534 ------------522,223 ------------65-6,508


895,391 ------------$81,494
1,530,439 - -----------1,910,140
5,213,000
1,404,705
89,906,000
l,9H9,455
48,630,701
1,892,893
5,200,000
1,887,662 -------------

+$737,672,818
+734,390,739
+939,083,301
+1,155,364,766
+865,143,867

642,788 ,033
670,727,939
820,077 ,345
538,430,622
718 ,412 ,150

+250,505,239
+505,366,987
+309,657,461
+313,801,651
+86,723,771

+717,043,353
+963,366,737
+712,507,952
+736,496,251
+509,005,271

959 ,508 ,024


561,203,585
247,950,012
81,903,301
54,759,011

+212,475,198
-13,370,637,569
-9,033,253,840
-853,356,956
+48,478,346

+291,221,548
-13,362,622,819
-9,032,119,606
-853,356,956
+48,478,346

3,780,148,685
4,012,044,702
4,007,135,481
4,109,104,151
5,624,932,961

547,561,226
545,637,504
561,928,867
356,443,387
308,564,391

1,760,537,824
1,842,144,418
1,678,607,428
2,068,128,193
3,206,046,158

828 , 638 ,068


953,012,618
945,865,333
1,145,125,064
1,390,379,823

643,411 ,567
671 ,250 ,162
820,733,853
539 ,407,507
719 , 942 , 589

6,694,565,389
5,152,257,136
3,664,582,865
1,124,324,795
782 ,534,548

322 ,902 ,650


184,457,867
179,998,385
225,962,393
213,185,846

3,944,949,288
3,018,783,687
2,314,006,292
359,681,228
124,937,253

1,460,082,287
1,296,501,292
872,028,020
449 ,684,980
387,764,776

966,631,164
652 , 514,290
298,550,168
88,996,194
56,646,673

697,910,827
734,673,167
724,111,230
692,609,204
701,832,911

209 ,786,672
292,320,014
318,891,396
311 ,321 ,672
314,497,071

80,201,759
71,381,275
35,006,300
28,583,304
33,516,977

335,467,887
308,659,733
309,410,666
293 ,028,896
289,012,224

72,454;509
62,312,145
60,802,868
59,675,332
64,806,639

675,511,715
604,320,498
601,861,907
665,860,386
594,984,446

333,683,445
20,951,781
300 ,711 ,934 ---------------286,113,130 ---------------332,233,363 --------- .. -~---300,251 ,878 ----------------

2 ,16i7 ,136
3,500,000
2,571,775
3,800,000
2,91.0,205 ------------5 ,agl2, 797 ------------5,7lU,637 -------------

66,787,873
55,940,370
57,892,663
54,282,535
59,075,002

268,981,738
246,212,644
251,711 ,127
269,666,773
249,150,213

-62,675,975
-408,264
-400,733
+2,727,870
+10,631,399

51,894,751
57,395,920
64,037,650
63,960,250
45,582,355

544,274,685
541 ,087 ,085
561,880 ,722
562,478,233
587,685,338

6 ,3ti5, 797
7,700,568
9,71l:l ,560
7,87'8,811
4,879,834

-62,675,975
-408,264
-400,733
+2,727,870
+10,631,399

261,798,857 ---------------261,274,565 ---------------284,479,582 ---------------254,444,708 ---------------238,585,456 ----------------

-------------------------------------

45,538,954
49,695,352
54,306,090
56,081,439
40,702,521

234,095,741
232,904,119
230,810,124
271 ,880,122
307,180,664

-18,105,350
-89,423,387
-57,334,413
+86,731,544
+24,782,168

48,380,087
46,908,401
46,591.,016
36,153,403
41,919,218

-18,105,350
-89,423,387
-57,334,413
+86,731,544
+24,782,168

567,240,852
515,960,621
405,321,335
347,721,705
338,142,447

233,164,871 ---------------206,128 ,482 ---------------149,575,062


176,554,127 ------------------------------160,021,752 -- - - - - - - - - - - - --152,158,617
77,131
131,818,531 ---------------203,355,017 ---------------177,452,964 ---------------219,522,205 ----------------

4,8S9,250 ------------7,4S3,480 ------------8,926,811 ------------4,lM,123 ------------2 ,9~i5,120 -------------

43,520,837
39,454,921
37,664,705
32,009,280
38,954,098

295,327,927
273,437,162
170,900,642
146,688,574
146,762,865

-23,004,229
-.42,572 ,815
+44,874,595
+77 ,243,984
+63,068,413

38,748,054
36,394,977
84,845,631
24,479,004
31,357,830

-23,004,229
-42,572,815
+44,874,595
+77,243 ,984
+63,068,413

2,8B6,883 ------------1,6?8,247 ------------l,U3,129 ------------8fi4,581


1,005,523 -------------------------

85,911,171
34,716,730
83,602,502
23,614,423
30,352,307

143,344,541
147,111,233
.161,027,624
153,971,072
145,686,250

+46,380,005
-89,111,558
-38,047,248
-18,052,454
-14,036,999

29,149,130
27,425,552
21,436,988
23,513,748
27,403,992

+46,380,005
-89,111,558
-88,047,248
-18,052,454
-14,036,999

1,103,347
l,mr3,637
3,182,090
3 ,2!i1 ,876

-------------------------------------------------------------

28,045,783
25,751,915
18,254,898
20,251,872
23,374,457

142,606,706
130,881,514
124,296 ,872
118,823,391
116,805,936

-31,465,879
-61,169,965
+2,341,676
+9,914,453
+26,838,543

30,805,693 6,3158,213
32,335,803 8,088,652 ------------35,878,029 11,202,017 ------------35,292,993 9,2154,286 - - - - - - - - - - - -26,728,767 5,630,999 - - - - - - - - - - - --------------

-31,465,879
-61,169,965
+2,841,676
+9,914,453
+26,838,543

24,447,420
24,297,151
24,676,012
26,038,707
21,097,768

+85,040,273
+87,761,081
+ 111,341,274
+103,471 ,096
+93,956,587

+85,040,278
+87,761,081
+111,341,274
+103,471,096
+93,956,587

324,729 ,419
306,355,316
385,819,629
354,937,784
392,612,447

4,m~9,535

-------------

40S ,080,984
387,050,059
379,266,075
371 ,40S ,277
336,439,726

229 ,668,585
223,832,742
219,091,174
217,286,893
192 ,905,023

----------------

323,690,706
348,519,870
398,287,582
403,525,250
360 ,782 ,293

181,471,939
195,067,490
214,706,497
220,410,730
198,159,676

---------------55,628
----------------- - -- - - ----_.- - --

112,498,726
121, 5S0 ,445
144,720 ,369
146,497,596
135,261,364

29,720,041
31,866,367
38,860,716
36,616,924
27,358,231

333 ,526,611
273 ,827,185
257,763,879

186,522,064 ---------------137,250,048 ---------------130,170,680 ----------------

5,705,986 ------------9,810,705 ------------7,9155,864 ------------4,7S3,140


2,201,863 -------------------------

24,014,055
22,055,602
30,904,852
31,863,784
25,156,368

124 ,009 ,374


113,561,611
110,581 ,625

+63,463,771
+104,393,626
+ 132,879,444
+145,543,810
+100,069,405

22,995,173
28,015,526
17,011,574

+63,463,771
+104,393,626
+132,879,4.4.4.
+145,543,810
+100,069,405

1,016,507
9:~4, 781
1,0'79,748

21,978,666
22,090,745
15,931,831

+65,883 ,653
+6,879,301
+20,799,552

+65,883,658
+6,879,801
+20,799,552

-------------------------------------------------------------

3,022

-------------------------------------

Miscellaneous
receipt.'1 (

_ -----------_ -----------_ -----------_ -----------_ ------------

-------------

'00

00

l?:j

~
l?:j

f-3

~
.....
o

Series P 89-98.-FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES-TREASURY RECEIPTS, AND SURPLUS OR DEFICIT: 1789 TO 1945-Con.
[ Figures are rounded to nearest dollar and will not necessarily add to totals 1

00

YEAR

Total receipts

<:>

89
1877 ___________________________ _
1876 ___________________________ _
1875 _______________ ,____________ _
1874 ___________________________ _
1873 ___________________________ _
1872 ___________________________ _
1871 ___________________________ _
1R70 ___________________________ _
1869 ___________________________ _
1868_ _ _ __ __ _ _
'
1867 _________ _
-1866 __________ _
1865_ _ _ _
_____________ _
1864 ___________________________ ,
1863 ___________________________ _
1862 ___________________________ _
1861 ___________________________ _
1860 ___________________________ _
1859 ___________________________ _
1858 ___________________________ _
1857 ___________________________ _
1856 ___________________________ _
1855 ___________________________ _
1854 ___________________________ _
1853 ___________________________ _
1852 ___________________________ _
1851 ___________________________ _
1850 ___________________________ _
1849 ___________________________ _
1848 ___________________________ _
1847 ___________________________ _
1846 _______________________ " ___ _
1845 ___________________________ _
1844 __________________________ _
1843 1__________________________ _
1842 ___________________________ _
1841 _____________________ '______ _
1840 ___________________________ _
1839 __________________ ~ ________ _
1888 ___________________________ _
1837 __________ ~ _________ " ______ _
1836 ___________________________ _
1835 ___________________________ "
1834 ___________________________ _
1833 ___________________________ _
1832 ___________________________ _
1831 ___________________________ _
1880 ___________________________ _
1829 ___________________________ _
1828 ___________________________ _
1827 ________'___________________ _
1826 ___________________________ _
'N

c:o

-'l

1825 __________ ~ ________________ _


1824 ___________________________ _
See footnotes on p. 298.

Customs
(including
tonnage tax)

INTERNAL REVENUE

OTHER RECEIPTS

SURPLUS (+) OR DEFICIT (_)

90

$2Rl ,406 ,419 1$130,956,493


294,095,865 148,071,985

Income and
profits taxes

Other

91

92

$98
588

'f'otal

Sales of ISurplus postal


public lands
receipts

93

$118,630,310
116,700,144

$31,819, 518
2:9,323,148

94
1

95

157,167,722
163 , 103 , R34
188, OR9 ,523
216,370,287
206,270,408

233
139,472
5,062,312
14,436,862
19,162,651

110,007,261
102,270,313
108,667,002
116,205,316
123,935,503

20,824,835
3'9,465,137
31,919,368
27,094,403
3:3,955,383

1,413,640
1,852,429
2,882,312
2,575,714
2,388,647

_
_
_
_
_

411 ,255,477
370,943,747
405,638 ,083
490,634,010
558,032 ,620

194,538,374
180,048,427
164,464,600
176,417,811
179,046 ,652

37,775,874
34,791,856
41,455,598
66,014,429
72,982,159

147,123,882
123 ,564,605
149,631,991
200,013 ,108
236,244,654

31,817,347
3:2 ,538 ,859
50,085,894
48,188,662
6:9,759,155

3,350,482
4,020,344
1,348,715
1,163,576
665,031

_
_
_
_
_

333,714,605
264,626 ,771
112,697,291
51,987,456
41,,509,931

84,928,261
102,316,153
69,059,642

60,979,329
20,294,732
2,741,858

148,484,886
89,446,402
34,898,930

3:9 ,322 ,129


5:2 ,569 ,484
5,996,861
:2,931,058
1,927,805

996,553
588,333
167,617
152,204
870,659

56,064,608
53,486,465
46,655,366
68,965,313
74,056,699

53,187,512
49,565,824
41,789,621
63,875,905
64 ,022 ,863

_
_______________ + ________ _
_
_
______ " _~ _______ 1 _________ _

:2,877,096
3,920,641
4,865,745
5,089,408
10,033,836

1 ,778 , 558
1,756,687
3,513,716
3,829,487
8,917,645

65,350,575
73,800,341 ,
61,587,054
49,846,816
52,559,304

53,025,794
64,224,190
58,931,866
47,339,327
49,017,568

_
_
___________ _
_ ---- -- _ -- ______ 1_________ _
_

43,603,439
31,208,143
35,735,779
26,495,769
29,699,967

39,668,686
28,346,739
31,757,071
23,747,865
26,712,668

_
_
_
_
_

29,970,106
29,321,374
8,302,702
19, ,976 ,198
16,860,160

27,528,113
26,183,571
7,046,844
18,187,909
14,487,217

_
_
___________ _
_
_

19,480,115
31,482,749
26,302,562
24,954,153
50,826,796

13,499,502
23,137,925
16,158,800
11 ,169,290
23,409,941

_
_
_
_
_

35,430,087
21,791,936
33,948,427
31,865,.561
28,526,821

19,391,311
16,214,957
29,032,509
28,465,237
24,224,442

24,844,116
24,827,627
24,763,630
22,966,364
25,260,434

21,922,391
22,681,966
23,205 ,524
19,712,283
23,341,332

21,840,858
19,381,213

20,098,713 _
17,878,326 _

1=------ -- -------1----- --- - -- - -----

----- - - - --1-- - - - -- - --

---

--

-s7i(

375
2,897

--

3,517
1,777
103
495
3,261
1,682
2,553
2,467
5,494
370
10,459
4,196
2,759
11 ,631
6,934

_______________ _
_______________ _
______ ~- _______ _
_______________ _
_______________ _

96

$976, 254 1_
1,129,467_

288,000,051
304,978,756
333,738,205
374,106,868
383,323,945

:~ :~~~ :i~~

Mis(:ellaneous
re(:eipts'

+$40,071 ,944
+28,994,780

19,411,195
:17,612,708
:~9 ,037,056
:~4, 518,689
:n, 566 , 736

+13,376,658
+2,344,883
+43,392,960
+96,588,905
+91,146,757

+13,376,658
+2,344,883
+43,392,960
+96,588,905
+91,146,757

:~8 ,466 , 865


28,518,515
'l8,737,179
~L7 ,025,086
1>9 ,094 ,124

+101,601,916
+48,078,469
+28,297,798
+133,091 ,335
+37,223,203

+101,601,916
+48,078,469
+28,297,798
+183,091,335
+37,223,203

:18,325,576
l)1 ,981,151
5,829,244
2,778,854
1,057,146

-963 ,840 ,619


-600,695,871
-602,043,434
-422,774,363
-25,036,714

-963,840,619
-600,695,871
-602,043,434
-422,774,363
-25,036,714

1,098,538
2,163,954
1,352,029
1,259,921
1,116,191

-7,065,990
-15,584,512
-27,529,904
+1,169,605
+4,485,673

-7,065,990
-15,584,512
-27,529,904
+1,169,605
+4,485,673

827,732
1,105,353
988,103
464,249
1,189,431

+5,607,907
+15,755,479
+13,402,943
+5,651,897
+4,850,287

+5,607,907
+15,755,479
+13,402,943
+5,651,897
+4,850,287

2,074,859
1,172,444
649,690
249,174
289,950

+4,059,947
-13,843,514
-9,641,447
-30,785,643
+1,933,042

+4,059,947
-13,843,514
-9,641,447
-30,785,643
+1,933,042

361,454
1,076,086
357,937
451,996
1,004,055

+7,032,698
+6,983,803
-3,555,373
-5,229,563
-9,705,713

+7,032,698
+6,983,803
-3,555,373
-5,229,563
-9,705,71:1

2,686,248
1,265,824
7,059,355
7,003,132
2,539,294

-4,837,464
+4;583,621
-7,562,497
-12,289,343
+19,958,632

-4,837,464
+4,583,621
-7,562,497
-12,289,343
+19,958,632

245
561

1,269,823
715,082
945,476
765,067
1,084,069

+17,857,274
+3,164,367
+10,930,875
+14,576,611
+13,279,170

+17,857,274
+3,164,367
+10,930,875
+14,576,611
+13,279,170

580,153
613,896
522,325
1,738,249
503,427

+9,701,050
+9,624,294
+8,368,787
+6,827,196
+8,224;637

+9,701,050
+9,624,294
+8,368,787
+6,827,196
+8,224,637

---

_
_
_
_
1_
,.1

_
_
____________--_
____________ _
_____________ 1

5,978,931 13'292'6831- ___________ _


8,342,271 7,076,447 ____________ _
10,141,295 3,081,940 ____________ _
13,779,369 6,776,237 ____________ _
27,416,485 24,877,180
$ 11
1,65,572,7834,857,601
',028'3,17114'75,7'601
4,913,159 3,967,683
3,388,693 2,623,381
4,295,445 3,210,815

98

+$40,071 ,944
+28,994,780

_
-_
____________ _
____________ _
____________ _

2,077,022
2,059,940
897,818
1,335,798
1,365,627

97

Net (excluding
debt
retirements)

$30,843,264
:~8, 193 ,681

1:",2 '324'781 '11'497'049 __, ___________


:9,576,151 8,470,798 ____________ _
:2,655,188 1,667,085 ____________ _
2,507,489 2,043,240 __
a ,541,736 1 2,352,305_
-1
3,934,753 1 ,859 ,894 ____________ _
:2,861,404 1,688,960 ____________ _
3,978,333 3 ,328 ,643 ____________ _
:2,747,529 2,498,355 __________ ' __ 1
:2,984,402 2,694,452 __________ ~ __
:2,438,476
3,136,026
1,255,755
1,787,794
:2,369,682

Gross (including
debt
retirements)

893
100

12,161
14,03
17,452
19,886
21,590

2,909,564
2,131,158
1,540,654
3,234,195
1,897,512

2,329,356
1,517,175
1,018,309
1,495,845
1,393,785

55
87
20
101
300

26,771
34,663

1,716,374
1,468,224

1,216,091 ,
984,418

470

499,813
483,806

+5,983,629

-945,495

+5,98:1 ,629

-945,495

t!

t?=j

\:I>
t""
Q

<1
t?=j
~

t?=j

~
Z

\:I>

l?::J

tj
~

c1'~

"t1
00

00

I:\:)

Series P 89-98.-FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES-TREASURY RECEIPTS, AND SURPLUS OR DEFICIT: 1789 TO 1945--Con.

00

YEAR I

Total receipts

89
1823 ____________________________
1822 _________ ~ __________________
1821 ____________________________
1820 _____________ . ___ . __________
1819 ____ . _______________________
1818 ____________________________
1817 ____________________________
1816 ____________________________
1815 ____________________________
1814 ___________________________
1813 ____________________________
1812 ____________________________
1811 ____________________________
1810 ____________________________
1809 ____________________________
1808 ____________________________
1807 ____________________________
1806 ____________________________
1805 ____________________________
1804 ____________________________
1803 ~ ___________________________
1802 ____________________________
1801 ____________________________
1800 ____________________________
1799 ____________________________
1798 ____________________________
1797 ____________________________
1796 ____________________________
1795 ____________________________
1794 ____________________________
1793 ____________________________
1792 ____________________________
1789-1791 ______________________

$20 ,540,666
20,232,428
14,573,380

Customs
(including
tonnage tax)

INTERNAL REVENUE
S

90

Income and
profits taxes

Other

91

92

OTHER RECEIPTS

Total
93

SalE!S of Surplus postal


public lands
receipts
l~4

95

SURPLUS (+) OR DEFICIT (_)

Miscellaneous
receipts c

Gross (including
debt
r'etirements)

Net (excluding
debt
retirements)

96

97

98

$19,088,433 - - - - - - ---------17,589,762 - -- --- ------ - --13,004,447 -'-_._-- - - - - - ---

$34,242
67,666
69,028

$1,417,991
2,575,000
1,499,905

$911),523
l,80n ,582

1,21l~,966

15,005,612 ---------------20,283,609 ---------------17,176,385


26,283,348 ---------------36,306,875 ------------------ - -- - - --- -- --7,282,942 ---------------5,998,772
- - ----- -- --13,224,623 -- -- -- -- - - -- ------8,958,778 ---------------13,313,223 ----------------

$111
602
517

$501,357
770,816
286,422

106,261
229,594
955,270
2,678,101
5,124,708

+$5,833,826
+5,232,208
-1,237,373

2,768,797
4,090,172
3,453,516,
4,137,601
6,246,088

+$5,833,826
+5,232,208
-1,237,373

1,631>,872
3,27'1,423
2 ,60B ,565
1,991,226
1,71'7,985

6,466
71
20,070
29,372
,149,788

1,126,459
815,678
826,881
2,117,003
4,378,315

4,678,059
1,662,985
4,755
4,903
2,296

-379,957
+3,139,565
+1,760,050
+ 11 ,255,230
+17,090,980

3,768,023
3,519,868
1,111 ,032
837,452
1,108,010

-379,957
+3,139,565
+1,760,050
+11,255,230
+17,090,980

9,384,215
7,773,473
17,060,662
16,338,019
15,551,931

1,28'7,959
1,1315,971
8315 ;655
710,428
1,040,238

8,583,309 ---------------7,296,021 --- - - - - -- - -- - -16,363,551 ----------------15,845,522 ---------------14,667,698 ----------------

135,000
45,000
35,000
85,040
38

2,345,.064
2,338,897
240,377
41,984
67,734

7,431
4,044
8,211
13,051
20,101

-16,979,115
-23,539,301
-17,341,442
-10,479,638
+6,365,192

793,475
473,408
688,900
539,446
872,132

-16,979,115
-23,539,301
-17,341,442
-10,479,638
+6,365,192

13,560,693
11,826,307
11,064,098
14,995,794
12,935,331

691f) ,549
44:~ ,252
647,939
46 15,163
765,246

12,936,487 ---------------11,098,565
10,479,418 -'-- -- - - -- - - - - - -12,438,236 ------------------------------10,750,779 ----------------

41,118

96,926
31,156
40,961
69,668
65,768

21,747
50,941
215,180
621,899
1,048,033

+1,227,705
-2,507,275
+7,128,170
+8,043,868
+5,756,314

+1,227,705
-2,507,275
+7,128,170
+8,043,868
+5,756,314

602,459
676,801
369,500
1,935,659
1,136,519

5410,194
487,527
165,676
188,628
167,726

10,848,749
7,546,813
7,900,496
8,688,781
8,377 ,530

21,343
26,500
16,427
35,000
79,500

9,080,933 ---------------6,610,449 ---------------7,106,062 ---------------7,549,650 - - - ---- - -- - -- --6,567,988 ----------------

40,922
,162,774
187,397
1,712,031
889,293

809,396
779,136
644,358
575,491
475,2_90

+3,054,459
+3,106,865
+3,212,445
+7,133,676
+3,540,749

+3,054,459
+3,106,865
+3,212,445
+7,133,676
+3,540,749

958,420
157,228
150,076
563,640
1,334,252

444

78,000
41,000
39,500
64,500
72,910

879,976
116,228
98,613
415,599
1,256 ,,506

+62,674
-2,119,642
+223,992
+2,555,147
+2,650,544

+62,674
-2,119,642
+223,992
+2,555,147
+2,65.0,544

22,400
29,478
11,021

165,918
327,272
48,889
17,946
19,440

-1,425,275
-1,558,934
+170,610
-1,409,572
+149,886

-1,425,275
-1,558,934
+170,610
-1,409,572
+149,886

17,880,670
24,603,375
21,585,171
33,099,050
47,677,671
15,729,024
11 ,181,625
14,340,410
9,801,133
14,423,529

6,114,534
5,431,905
4,652,923
3,669,960
4,418,913

--

5,588.461
4,801,065
4,255,307
3,443,071
4,399,473

337,755
---------------274,090
------------------------_ .... _---337,706
208,943
------------------------------ - ---------------

I From 1789 to 1842 the fiscal year ended Dec.3l; from 1844 to date, on June 30. Figures for 1843 are
for a half year, Jan. 1 to June 30.

2 Total receipts are exclusive of net receipts under Title VIII of the Social Security Act. Amounts representing appropriations equal to "Social Security taxes-Federal Insurance Contributions Act" collected
and deposited under Sec. 201 (a) of the Social Security Act Amendments of 1939, less reimbursements to
the General Fund for administrative expenses, are deducted on the daily Treasury statement from total
receipts. Such amounts are reflected under trust a,ccount receipts as net appropriations to the Federal oldage and survivors insurance trust fund_

----------11,963
83,541
4,836

188,318 ----------356,750
59,910
17,946 ---------19,440 -":"-------- -----~-----

Itj
p.')
cT
p.')

[ Figures are rounded to nearest dollar and will not necessarily add to totals J

-------------------------------3~6i5-

----------- -------------------------

S Beginning with the fiscal year 1932, tonnage tax has been covered into the Treasury as miscellaneous
receipts.

4 Comprises railroad unemployment insurance contributions, proc1eeds of government-owned securities,


Panama Canal toUs, etc., proceeds from sales of surplus property (Act. Oct. 3, 1944), seigniorage, and other
miscellaneous.
5 Includes deposits resulting from the renegotiation of war contracts. Information regarding the amount
of such deposits is not available on the basis of daily Treasury statements. On the basis of covering warrants such deposits totaled $558,223,780.23 for 1943, $2,235,383,011.57 for 1944, and $2,040,925,653.37
for 1945. The foregoing coverings include so-called voluntary returns.

~
00

ao

CtJ

<l
t?;j

t?;j

1-3

-",:---.,-",., . -.c~''''''''~r'~'=''='''''~-~It>"I':''''''""ii''''m'!Im;;w.~~W~'''$''~ ,:,4f'Ilk.'f;f~~

Series P 99-108.-FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES-TREASURY EXPENDITURES: 1789 TO 1945


[ Figures are rounded to nearest dollar and will not necessarily add to totals 1
Total
expenditures,
excluding debt
retirements

YEAR I

99

EXPENDITURES, EXCI.UDING DEBT RETIREMENTS

War Department
(including rivers
and harbors, and
Panama Canal) 2
100

Navy
Department

101

---- $100,404,594,686 $50,490,101,935 $30,047,152,135


-- -- 93,743,513,214 49,438,330,158 26,537,633,877

lOaf

$3,616,686,048 $16,250,6:54,567
2,608,979,806 15,158, 51B9 ,373
1,808,160,396 12,956,813,297
1,260,085,336
8,231,402,688
1,110,692,812
5,347,936,008

Indians
104

Veterans'
pensions
105

5$ 29,679,512
531,266,494
524,665,410
531,838,510
533,587,984

$ 772,190.,347
494,959,142
442,393,770
431,294,492
433,147,890

Postal
deficiencies

106

Civil and
miscellaneous

107

$649,769 $15,448,134,939
6-28,999,995 14,603,343.742
14,620,875 12,475,133,242
18,308,869
7,749,960,817
30,064,048
4,851,136,086

108
$2,000
1,650
3,463,400
94,722,300
64,260,500

42,525,562,523
14,325,508,098
3,938,943 ,048

20,888,349,026
8,579,588,976
2,313,057,956

8,998,189,706
8,707,091,581
7,238,822,158
8,177,408,756
8,665,645,422

907,160,151
695,256,481
644 ,263 ,842
628,104,285
618,587,184

891,484,523
672 ,722 ,327
596,129 ,739
556,674,066
528,882 ,143

1,040,935,697
940,539 ,764
926,280,714
866,384,331
749,396,802

6,158,609,335
6,398,5'73 ,009
5,072,117,863
6,126,216,074
6,768,7'19 ,293

537,821,090
46,964,171
33,378,389
36,933,148
28,875,773

-- --

7,009,875,312
6,011 ,083 ,254
3,863,544,922
4,535,147,138
3,651,515,712

429,178,230
416,720,951
402 ,779 ,083
396,047,400
399,065,694

487,995,220
408 ,586 ,783
434,620,860
476,305,311
478,418,974

40,870,336
41,237,263
44,258,861
41,896,945
86,038,862

436 ,265,532
296,927,490
349,372,794
357,517,834
354,071 ,004

5,650,739,679
5,893,650,624
4,591,731,530
5,651,368,581
5,254,798,964

820,926,353
756,617,127
689 ,365,106
599,276,631
611 , 559 ,704

129 ,184,100
58,246,450
65,464,950
103,971,200
403,240,150

5,264,688,207
4,548, 9~51,854
2,390,186,162
3,102,017,362
2,207,4136,030

27 ;918,899
23,372,905
22,722,347
26,125,092
26,778,585

3,440 ;268 ,884


3,298,859,486
3,103,264,855
2,974,029,674
3,097,611,823

373,804,501
319,322,034
234,990 ,427
232,521 ,292
234 ,402 ,722

464,853,515
425,947,194
400,989,683
369 ,114,122
364,089,945

63,970,405
52,003,296
117,380,192
202,876,341
145,643 ,613

374,165,639
364,561 ,544
331,335,492
318,909,096
312,743,410

4,798,994,402
4,154,253,619
2,015,093; 196
2,640,524,637
1,800,641,110

659,347,613
678,330 ,400
731,764,476
787,019 ,578
831,937,700

573,558,250
359,864,093
461 ,604 ,800
412,629,750
440,082,000

1,941,902,117
1,830 ,O:W ,348
1,639,1'75,204
1,498,986,878
1,588,8,10,768

32,066,628
34,086,586
36,990,808
36,791,649
48,442,120

3,063,105,332
3,048,677 ,965
3,294,627,529
3,372,607,900
5,115,927,690

220,608,931
229,781 ,079
229,401,462
230,556,065
207,189,622

370 ,980,708
357,016,878
397,050,596
457,756,139
1,118,076,423

91,714,451
94,699,744
32,080,202
27,263,191
39,506,490

346 ,142,001
332,249,137
333,201,362
476,775,194
650,373,836

1,597,512,107
1,471,452,939
1,340,702,732
1,204,375,973
1,293,702,536

881 ,806 ,662


940,602,913
1,055,923,690
991,000,759
999,144,731

553 ,883 ,603


549 ,603 ,704
540,255,020
519 ,554 ,845
487,376,051

1,464,1'75,961
1,418,809,037
1,508,4151,881
1,447,0'75,808
2,348,332,700

-- ------------ --- --- --- ---- -- ---------- - ------------------

38,755,457
46,754,026
45,142,763
38,500,413
41,470,808

6,403,343,841
18,514,879,955
12,696,702,471
1,977,681,751
734,056,202

218,321,424
228,261,555
264,147,869
252,576 ,848
260,611,416

23,216,784
12,638,850
32,526,915
764,346,235
7 130,128,458

1,621,953,095
9,009,075,789
4,869,955,286
377,940,870
183,176,439

1,183,882,296
1,131,154,606
1,166,634,334
1,091,652,312
1,916,122,018

736,021,456
2,002,310,785
1,278,840,487
239,632,757
153,853,567

466,538,114
457,999,750
402,850,491
422 ,694,600
8422,281,500

1,020,251,622
619 ,215,569
189,743,277
24,742,702
22,900,869

3,025,117,668
6,884,2'77 ,812
6,358,1153,421
1,335,3155,422
374,1:~5 ,327

40,516,832.
34,593,257
30,888,400
30,598,093
17,570,284

7114,854
343,511
92,221,095

760,586,802
735,081,431
724,511 ,963
689,881,334
691,201,512

213,344,204
221,614,781
181,137,754
160,318,406
159,302,351

202,160,134
208,349,746
202 ,128,711
184,122 ,793
197,199,491

141,835,654
139 ,682,186
133,262,862
135,591,956
119,937,644

22,902,897
22,863,957
22,899,108
22,616,300
21,311,334

393,688,117
364,185,542
366 ,2~n ,282
347,5150,285
352,7153 ,043

22,130,351
20,215,076
20,306,159
20,134,840
20,933,869

164,387,942
173,440,231
175,085,450
153 ,590,456
157,980,575

693 ;617 ,065


693,743 ,885
659,196,320
579 ,128,842
570,202,278

189,823,379
192,486,904
175,840,453
149,775,084
137,326,066

123,173,717
115,546,011
118,037,097
97,128,469
110,474,264

21,342,979
21, ,803 ,836
21,.426,138
24,481,158
24,308,576

359,2'76,990
363,907,134
343 ,8H2 ,632
307,7,14,131
298 ,O!}3 ,372

18,504,132
15,694,618
14,579,756
15,163,608
12,746,859

160,696,416
161,710,367
153,892,467
139,309 ,514
141,034,562

567,278,914
583,659,900
517,006,127
485,234,249
524,616,925

8,495,612
19,501,062
12,888,041
7,629,383
12,673,294

126,093,894
165,199,911
118 ,629 ,505
112,272,216
144,615,697

171 ,580,830
167,001,087
162,532,368
145,641,626
131,638,657

117,550,308
102,956,102
82,618,034
67,803,128
60,506,978

24,590,944
24,646,490
28,556,349
29,108,045
32,342,979

299,0,13,768
290,8157,397
287,202,239
276,060,860
287,1151,271

14,236,074
10,438,350
12,935,168
10,049,585
10,896,0'73

------- ------

141,773 ,965
142,559,266
138,425,646
138,488,560
139,323,622

520,860,847
60S ,072 ,179
443,368,583
365,77.4,159
352,179,446

15,065,257
6,502,531
2,768,919
2,402,153
4,954,762

134,774,768
229 ;84i ,254
91,992,000
48,950,268
50,830,921

55,953,078
63,942,104
58,823,985
34,561,546
27,147,732

40,160,333
39,896,925
37,585,056
37,791,110
35.385,029

------

289 ,9'72 ,668


271,3!n,896
254,9157,542
244,4'71,235
238,815,764

127,968,472 --------------131 ;357 ,250 --------------133 ,072 , 506 -------------125,110,562 -------------131,976,814 --------------

10,175,107
12,805,711
10,994,668
13,016,802
12,165,528

140,877,816
139,394,929
147,452,369
141,053 ,165
139,434,001

51,804,759
54,567,930
49,641,773
46,895,456
48,720,065

131,689,466
110,979,686
86,016,465
79,252,062
77,916,235

----

356,195,298
367,525,281
383,477,953
345,023,331
365,773,904

7,230,779
8,211,570
10,504,040
11,149,206
9,300,000

28,797,796
31,701,294
30,136,084
29,174,139
26,113,896

30,978,030
27,841,406
27,264,392
23,378,116
37,547,135

244,614,713
253,414,651
276,4:35,704
245,5'75,620
253 ,3!}2 ,808

9,939,754
10,293,482
13,345,347
11,150,578
8,527,469

-------

318,040,711
299 ,288 ,978

141,395,229
141,177,285
159,357,558
134,583 ,053
124,415,951

44,582,838
44,435,271

11,016,542
8,250,000
5,946,795
4,051,490
4,741,772

22,006,206
21,878,809

36,099,284
41,001,484

215,3152,383
192,4'73.,414

82,263,188 -------------93,693,884 -------------97,786,004 -------------95,790,499 -------------115,707,616 --------------

6,708,047
6,892,208

106,936 ,855
87,624,779

6,875,037
3,868,920

----

---- - ------------ -----------

----

---....

------ -

See footnotes on p. 301.

Total

78,178,885,241
32,396,585,098
12,710,629,824

- - -- - --

c.o
c.o

102

Statutory debt
retirements
(sinking fund,
ete.)

Other expenditures

----- ------ -- ---- --- -- - --

------ -

I:-.!l

Interest on
public debt

----------------5,500,000

6,636,593

_.'--- -i~027 ~3691,568,195


133,784

2,771,141,778
78,746,350
6,627,726,263
8,014,750
6;143,916,172
1,134,234
1,144,448,923 --------------191,752,692 --------------200;533,231 --------------170,530,235 --------------169,802,304 --------------172,256,794 --------------173 , 838 , 599 ---------------

94,832,444
94,087,507

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Series P 99-108.-FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES-TREASURY EXPENDITURES: 1789 TO 1945-Con.

::.:>
0
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....IX'
IX'

[ Figure!! are rounded to nearest dollar and will not necessarily add to totals]

YEAR

Total
expenditures,
excluding debt
retirements

99
1888 ______________________
1887 ______________________
1886 ______________________
1885 ______________________
1884 ______________________
1883 ______________________
1882 ______________________
1881 ______________________
1880 ________________ :.--:: ____
1879 ______________________
1878 ______________________
1877 ______________________
1876 ______________________
1875 .. ____________________
1874 ______________________
1873 ______________________
1872 ______________________
187L __________ ~ __________
1870 ______________________
1869 ______________________
1868 ______________________
1867 ______________________
1866 ______________________
1865 _____________________ ,
1864 ______________________
1863 ______________________
1862 ______________________
1861 ______________________
1860 _________________ ____
1859 ______________________
1858 ______________________
1857 ______________________
1856 _____________________ .
~

1855 ______________________
1854 ______________________
1853 ______________________
1852 ______________________
1851 ______________________
1850 ______________________
1849 ______________________
1848 ______________________
1847 ______________________
1846 ______________________
1845 ______________________
1844, _____________________
1843 1 _____________________
1842 ______________________
1841 ______________________
1840 ______________________
1839 ______________________
1838 ______________________
1837 ______________________
1836 ______________________
See footnotes on next page.

IWar Department
(including rivers
and harbors,
Panama Canal) 2

100

"-

EXPENDITURES, EXCLUDING DEBT RETIREMENTS

Navy.
Department

Interest on
public debt

101

102

Total

103

Indians

Veterans'
pensions

104

105

$267,924,801
267,932,181
242 ,483,139

$38,522,436
38,561,026
34,324,153

$16,926,438
15,141,127
13,907,888

$44,715,007
47,741,577
50,580,146

$167,760,920
166,488,451
143,670,952

260,226,935
244,126,244
265,408,138
257,981,440
260 ,712 ,888

$6,249,308
6,194,523
6,099,158

42,670,578
39,429,603
48,911.383
43,570,494
40,466,461

$80,288,509
75,029,102
63,404,864

16,021,080
17,292,601
15,283.437
15,032,046
15,686,672

51,386,256
54,578,379
59,160,131
71,077,207
82,508,741

150,149,021
132,825,661
142 ,053 , 187
128,301,693
122,051,014

267,642,958
266.947,884
236,964,327
241,334,47fi
265,101,085

6,552,495
6,475,999
7,362,591
9,736,748
6,514,161

38,116.916
40.425,661
32,154,148
37,082.736
38,070,889

56,102,268
55,429,228
66,012,574
61,345,194
50,059,280

13,536,985
15,125.127
17,365-,301
14,959,935
18,963,310

95.757,575
105,327,949
102,500,875
97,124,512
100,243,271

120,231,482
106,069,147
84,944,003
92,167,292
107,823,615

274,623,393
302 ,633 ,873
290,345.245
277,517,963
292,177,188

5,945,457
5,206,109
4,629,280
5,277,007
5,966,558

41,120,646
42,313,927
46.323,138
35.372,157
35,799,992

21,497,626
30,932,587
23,526,257
21,249,810
19,431,027

103,093,545
107,119,815
104,750.688
117,357,840
125,576,566

108,911,576
122,267,544
115,745.162
103,538,156
111,369,603

309,653,561
322,865,278
377 ,340 ,285
357,542,675
520,809,417

57,655,676
78,501,991
123,246,648
95,224,415
284,449,702

21,780,230
20,000,758
25,775,5Q3
31,034,011
43,324,118

129,235,498
130,694,243
140 ,424 ,046
143 ,781 ,592
133,067,742

1,297,555,224
865,322,642
714,740,725
474,761,819
66,546,645

1,031,323,361
690,791,843
599 ,298,601
394,368,407
22,981,150

122,612,945
85,725,995
63,221,964
42,668,277
12,420,888

63,130,598
69,070,977
74,185,270
67,795,708
69,571,026

16,409,767
23,243,823
25,485,383
19,261,774
16,948,197

59,742,668
58,044,862
48,184,111
44,194,919
47,709,017

Postal
deficiencies

Civil and
miscellaneous

106

107

Statutory debt
retirements
(sinking fund,
etc.)

Other expenditures

$78,167,066
78,763,579
65,973,278

4,541,611
74,503

82,952,647
70,920,434
68,603,519
57,219,751
61,581,934

56,777,175
35,121,482
27,137,019
27,963,752
28,257,396

3,071,000
4,773,524
5,753,394
6,170,339
5,092,540

54,437,850
60,968,032
47,424,310
52,756,194
68,507,121

8,384,657
6,692,462
7,951,705
7,061,729
7,426;-997

29,456,216
29,038,415
29,359,427
28,533,403
34,443,895

7,211,646
4,714,045
5,490,475
5,175,000
5,131,250

63,859,057
81,822,622
72,943,555
62,768,024
64,367,461 _______________

100 ,982 ,157


93,668,286
87,894,088
87,502,657
59,967,855

3,407,938
.7,042,923
4,100,682
4,642,532
3,247,065

28,340,202
28,476,622
23,782,387
20,936,552
15,605,352

4,844,579
5,395,510
4,053,192
3,516,667

77,397,712
53,685,422
24,729,847
13,190,325
4,000,174

66,221,206
35,119,382
27,490,313
24,534,810
27,144,433

5,116,837
2,629,859
3,154,357
2,273,224
2,841,358

16,338,811
4,983,924
1,078,991
853,095
1,036,064

64,389,438 --------------52,753,231 --------------55,957,827 --------------58,406,906


41,115,438 -----------------------------

11,514,965
14... 642,990
13,984,551
12,747,977
14,091,781

250,000
999,980
749,314
3,561,729
5;170,895

8,177,315
2,638,464
1,567,056
1,678,265
1,953,822

44,515,558 --------------26,505,619 --------------22,507,651 --------------17,846,762


18,096,116

32,028,551
28,545,700
33,148,280
34,107,692
36,577 ,226

2,949,191
8,625,027
4,926,739
4,267,543
2,769,430

14,773,826
11,733,629
9,947,291
8,225,247
11,811,793

1,102,926
1,220,378
1.217,488
1,312,043
1,298,209

13,312,024
10,798,586
10,918,781
8,952,801
9,005,931

9,889,546
4,808,558
4,748,923
3,616,883
3,199,118

2,314,375
3,071,017
3,665,833
4,000,298
3,696,721

18,086,888
18,891,737
22,255,130
24,911.223
29,310,469

29,342,443
32,441,630
23,652,206
23,016,573
23,194,572

2,792,552
1,553,031
3,905,745
2,980,403
2,895,700

3,078,814
3,207,346
2.153,750
1,041,444

39,543,492
45,051,657
45,377.,226
57,281,412
27,766,925

9,400,239
14,852,966
25,501,963
38,305,520
10,792,867

1,450,153
1,237,879
1,777,871
2,403,953
2,290,278

7,904,709
9,786,706
9,408,476
7,900,636
6,454,947

3,782,331
8,565,578
2,390,825
1,119,215
842,723

22,020,924
26,443,374
15,814,840
16,590,773
18,008,594

18,456,213
16,846,407
8,075,962
9,956,041
9,676;388

1,665,802
1,873,119
1,221,792
1,470,806
1,.021,461

22,937,408
22,337,571
11,858,075
25,205,761
26,565,873

5,752,644
5,179,220
2,957,300
6,611,887
8,805,565

1,870,292
1,330,010
1,211,270
1,747,917
1,810,371

6,297,245
6,498,199
3,727,711
8,397,243
6,001,077

1,040,032
1,833,867
523,595
773,550
284,978

9,847,487
8,826,285
4,649,469
9,423,081
l1,if74,253

1,540,817
1,179,279
581,680
1,201,062
2,.594,063

24,317,579
26,899,128
33,865,059
37,243,496
30,868,164

7,097,070
8,916.996
12,897,224
13,682,734
12,169,227

2,396,642
2,030,598
843,323
1,379,469
2,388,496

6,113,897
6,182,294
6,131.596
6,646,915
5,807,718

174,598
399,834
14,997
----------- ...
... ---- ...

10,932,014
11,400,004
14,821,242
16,913,847
12,891,219

2,.331,795
2,.528,917
5,.504,191
4,,348,076
4,,615,141

2,603,950
8,142,884
2,156,086
2,672,162
2,882,798

-----_

-__---_-

---------------3,895,639

----------------

---------------------------------------------22,222
536,299
810,232

----------------

----------...,.----21,303
53,697
407,657

---------------------------------------------------------... -----------------

14,920,119
14,143,278
5,620,678
6,201,519
6,034,324
5,910,028
5,616,408
3,203,163
6,788,853
6,084,037
5,996,269
5,728,203
7,160,965
9,893,609
5,393,280

00

108

$3,056,037
6,501,247
8,193,652

----------------

iooI

txJ

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~
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--~--.-----.~--.----.

Series P 99-108.-FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

_ _ ~_..rt""'''_~_ _ _
. ~'lII'fIm'l:'~="'~~~I/IMm~rm:~

FINANCES~TREASURY EXPENDITURES: 1789 TO 1945-Con.

I Figures are rounded to nearest dollar and will not necessarily add to totals]
Total
expenditures,
excluding debt
retirements

YllIAR I

99

1835 ______________________
1834 ______________________
1833 ______________________
1832 ______________________
1831_ ~ ____________________
1830 ______________________
1829 ______________________
1828 ______________________
1827 ______________________
1826 ______________________
1825 ______________________
1824 ______________________
1823 ______________________
1822 ______________________
1821 _____________________ .
1820 ______________________
1819 ______________________
1818 ______________________
1817 ______________________
1816 ____________ ~ _________
1815 ______________________
1814 ______________________
1813 _______________ ______
1812 ______________________
1811 ______________________
~

1810 ______________________
1809 ______________________
1808 ______________________
1807 ______________________
1806 ______________________
1805 ______________________
1804 ______________________
1803 ______________________
1802 ______________________
1801 ______________________
1800 ______________________
1799 ____ .__________________
1798 ______________________
1797 ______________________
1796 ______________________
1795 ______________________
1794 ______________________
1793 ______________________
1792 ______________________
1789-179L ________________

EXPENDITURES, EXCLUDINQ DEBT RETIREMENTS

War Department
(including rivers
and harbors,
Panama Canal) 2

100

Navy
Department

101

Interest on
public debt
102

Statutory debt
retirements
(sinking fund,
etc.)

Other expenditures
Total

103

Veterans'
pensions

Indians
104

Postal
deficiencies

105
1

Civil and miscellaneous I

106

107

108

$17,572,813
18,627,569
23,017,552
17,288,950
15,247,651

$5,759,157
5,696,189
6,704,019
5,446,035
4,841,836

$3,864,939
3,956,260
3,901,357
3,956,370
3,856,183

$57,863
202,153
303,797
772,562
1,383,583

$7,890,854
8,772,967
12,108,379
7,113,983
5,166,049

15,143,066
15,203,333
16,394,843
16,139,168
17,035,797

$1,706,444
1,003,953
1,802,981
1,352,420
930,738

4,767,129
4,724,291
4,145,545
3,938,978
3,943,194

3,239,429
3,308,745
3,918,786
4,263,877
4,218,902

1,913,633
2,542 ,843
3,098,801
3,486,072
3,973,481

$1,954,711 ---------------3,364,285 ---------------4,589,152 ---------------1,184,422 ---------------1,170,665 ----------------

$4,229,699
4,404,729
5,716,246
4,577,141
3,064,646

5,222,975
4,627,454
5,231,711
4,450,241
4,900,220

15,857,229
20,326,708
14,706,840
15,000,220
15,810,753

622,262
576,345
705,084
760,625
743,448

3,659,914
3,340,940
3,096,924
3,111 ,981
4,461,292

3,049,084
2,904,582
2,503,766
2,224,459
3,319,243

4,366,769
4,996,562
4,922,685
5,172,578
5,087,274

1,363,297 ---------------949,594 ---------------850,5'74 ---------------976,139 ---------------1,556,594 ----------------

3,237,416
3,101,515
3,676,053
2,713,477
2,600,178

4,781,462
9,084,624
4,183,465
4,491,202
2,942,944

724,106
429,988
380,782
575,007
477,005

1,308,811
1,499,327
1,780,.589
1,948,199
242,817

----------------

2,748,545
7,155,309
2,022,094
1,967,996
2,223,122

_.. _----------------------------- .. _--------------._-----------------------------

2,592,022
3,067,211
3,835,840
3,518,987
2,989,741

- .. _-------------.------------------------------ .. _-----------------------------

------------------- ---------------------------

--------------- -

I'Xj

I?::I

t:1

I?::I

!,:d

18,260,627
21,463,810
19;825,121
21,848,820
30,586,691

2,630,392
6,506,300
5,622,715
8,004,237
16,012,097

4,387,990
3,847,640
2,953,695
3,314,598
3,908,278

5,126,097
5,163,538
6,016,447
6,389,210
7,213,259

6,116,148
5,946,332
5,232,264
4,135,775
3,453,057

315,750
463,181
505,704
319,464
274,512

32,708,139
34,720,926
31,681,852
20,280,771
8,058,337

14,794,294
20,350,807
19,652,013
11,817,798
'2,032,828

8,660,000
7,311,291
6,446,600
3,959,365
1,965,566

3,208,376 ---------------2,415,940 - - - -- - - -- - -.- - -- 890,720 ---------------297,374 ---------------188,804 ----------------

5,754,569
4,593,239
3,599,455
2,451,273
2,465,733

- 3,499,276
2,465,589
1,983,784
2,052,335
1,594,210

530,750
167,395
167,358
277,845
151.,875

2,294,324
3,345,772
2,900,834
1,288,686
1,224,355

1,654,244
2,427,759
1,884,068
1,722,064
1,649,641

2,845,428
2,866,075
3,428,153
3,369,578
3,723,408

1,362,514
1,641,142
1,719,437
1,973,823
3,206,213

2,898,870 -._-------------2,208,030 _.. _------------1,729,436


1,683,088 -._-------------1,367,291 -._--------------

!,:d

8,156,510
10,280,748
9,932,492
8,354,151
9,803,617

69,656 ---------------90,164 ---------------86,990 ---------------91,402 ---------------75,044 ----------------

177,625
337,504
213,575
205,425
234,200

83,744
87,834
82,576
70,500
81,876

1-:3

712,781
875,424
822,056
1,179,148
1,672,944

1,597,500
1,189,833
1,215,231
915,562
2,111,424

1,101,145
1,215,804
1,423,286
1,697,898
2,890,137

4,148,999
4,266,583
3,848,828
4,125,039
4,412,913

4,046,954
2,387,602
1,965,538
1,642,369
1,197,301

196,500
116,500
60,000
94,000
9,000

81,855
80,093
62,902
85,440
73,533

3,448,716
2,858,082
1,381,348
382,632
274,784

3,374;705
3,186,288
3,053,281
3,300,043
3,195,055

1,401,775
1,155,138
1,232,353
1,411 ,556
996,883

31
20,302
16,470
62,396
113,564

64,131
95,444
104,845
92,257
100,844

410,562
61,409

3,189,151
3,490,293
2,772,242
3,201,628
2,349,437

1,459,186
800,039
579,822
777,149
1,286,216

476
13,042
23.
27,283
13,649
27,000

10,506,234
8,719,442
7,851,653
7,862,118
9,394,582
10,786,075
9,666,455
7,676,504
6,133,634
5,726,986

2,560,879
2,466,947
2,009,522
1,039,403
1,260,264

7,539,809
6,990,839
4,482,313
5,079,532
4,269,027

2,480,910
2,639,098
1,130,249
1,100,702
632,804

----- --- ---- -53570

From 1789 to 1842 the fiscal year ended Dec. 31 from 1844 to date ,on June 30. Figures for 1843 are
for a half year, Jan. 1 to June 30.

68,673
81,399
80,088
109,243
175,814

---------------------------------------------------- ... _-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

_______. _______

-_._------------- .. _---------------------------- .. _------------- .. _-------------

3,768,599 ------------ ""--2,191,009 ---------------1,842,636 -_._------------1,462,929


1,114,768
----------~-

p..

t-t

<1

I?::I

I?::I

Z
p..
Z
Q

I?::I

UJ

1,337,613
1,039,392
1,111,038
1,256,903
782,475
1,367,037
705,598
472,451
654,257
1,083,402

Excludes civil expenditures under War and Navy Departments in Washington, to and including fiscal
year 1915. Additional expenditures for '''War activities" are reflected in the total for "Other expenditures."
Includes civil expenditures under War and. Navy Departments in Washington, to and including fiscal
year 1915, and unavailable funds charged off under act of June 3, 1922 (42 Stat. 1592).
4 Represents advances from the General Fund of the Treasury to the Postmaster General to meet deficiencies in postal revenues. These figures do not include any allowances for offsets on account of extraordi~
nary expenditures or the cost of free mailings contributing to the deficiency of postal revenues certified to
the Secretary of the Treasury by the Postmaster General pursuant to the act of Congress approved June
9, 1980. Excludes amounts transferred to the civil retirement and disability fund under act of May 22, 1920
(4.1 Stat. 614), and amendments thereto on account of salary deductions of 2}ji percent, as follows: 1921,
2

c:...:l

$6,519,683.59; 1922, $7,899,006.28; 1923, $8,284,081.00; 1924, $8,679,658.60; 1925, $10,266,977.00; and
1926, $10,472,289.59.
5 Excludes interest accounts which are included in trust fund expenditures.
ft Repayment of unexpended portion of prior years' advances.
7 Exclusi~e of General Fund payments from the appropriation "Additional compensation, Postal Service" under authority of the act approved Nov. 8, 1919, in the amounts of $35,698,400" ~1,874,015, and
$6,700 for the fiscal years 1920, 1921, and 1922, respectively.
8 Receipts and public debt retirements for 1921 exclude $4,842,066.45 written off the public debt Dec.
Sl,1920.
g Actual advances from General Fund were reduced by repayment of $5,800,000 from prior year advances
which was carried to surplus.

t:1

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Series P I09-119.-FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES-INTERNAL REVENUE COLLECTIONS, TOTAL AND SELECTED


TAX SOURCES: 1863 TO 1945
.

[ Since tax sources shown are on a selected basis, they do not add to total. Figures for 1935 and subsequent years exclude trust fund receipts

'i.:j

....
f....
....
c:.o
~

SELECTED TAX SOURCES

YEAR

Total internal
revenue
collections 1

109
1945------1$43'800'337'656
1944 ______ 40,119,509,840
1943 ______ 22,368,724,066
1942 ______ 13,029,915,278
194L_____
7,351,533,723

Liquor taxes
Tobacco manuTotal stamp taxesl factures, includ'Fermented malt I(including playing ing spe. cial taxes
liquors, including
cards) 3
in effect to
special taxes 2
June 30, 1926 !

Total

Distilled spirits
and wines,
including
special taxes 2

110

111

$2,309,863,610
1,618,044,671
1,423,480,391
1,048,164,902
819,868,976

$1,668,051,873
1,055,518,034
964,607,875
678,507,502
499,177,429

$641,811,737
562,526,637
458,872 ,516
369,657,400
320,691,547

$65,527,515
50,799,687
45,155,286
41,702,165
39,056,951

$932 ,144,822
988,483,237
923,857,284
780,792,270
697 , 712 ,322

$782,510; 640
503,461,802
504,746,434
771 ,902,259.
617,373,372

$5,503,474
4,083,663
2,620,644
2,244,252
2,121,713

$341,587,183
231,474,253
158,161,290
75,022,772
27,331,114

$471,555,607
385,021,31'6
183 ,359,969
34,853,718
12,480,586

$357,466,115
205,289,026
154 ,MiO, 723
115,032,269
70,963,094

112

113

114

Manufactures,
etc., excise 2 4

Oleomargarine,
including
special taxes 2

Telegraph, tele;
phone, cable and
radio facilities,
etc.

Transportation.
including oil
by pipeline 5

Admissions

115

116

117

118

119

1940 _____ _
1939 _____ _
1938 _____ _
1937 _____ _
1936 _____ _

5,322,771 ,229
5,162,363,836
5,643,848,186
4,634,308',141
3,494,330,891

624,064,335
587 ,604 ,946
567,669,409
593,831,354
505,242,797

356,292,909
324,271,723
294,477,894
312,247,468
256,117,U8

267,771 ,426
263 ,333 ,223
273,191,515
281,583,886
249 ,125,679

38,681,243
41,082,839
46,232,990
69,919,335
68,989,884

608 ,072 ,770


579,784,074
567,777,410
551,922,580
500,785,385

1!l35 _____ _
1934 _____ _
1933 _____ _
1932 _____ _
193L ____ _

447,087,632
396,891,003
416,753,516
449,853,630
382,716,142

2,013,.6{)0
2,210,386
2,465,926
2,348,415
2,203,804

3,281,791,303
2,672,239,195
1,619,,839 ,224
1 ,557,729 ,042
2,428,228,754

26,367,945
24,093,719
23,977,064
24,569,627
21,098,348

410,925,541
258,911,333
43,174,317
8,703,963
10,432,064

11,510,647
10,954,733
12,517,030
11,244,096
9,793,995

195,363 ,693
89,951,748
8,016,045
8,703,963
10,432,064

21,887,916
19,470,802
20,800,779
19,740,192
17,112,176

215,561,848
168,959,585
35,158,272

43,133,373
66,580,038
57,338,202
32,240,820
46,953,596

458,775,934
425,168,897
402 ,739,059
398,578 ,619
444,276,503

2,048,977
1,476,230
1,347,191
1,744,737 1_'
2,681,428 _

19,741,434
19,250,800
14,564,756

9,479,722
10,379,370
7,467,298

1930 _____ _
1929 _____ _
1928 __ ~ __ _
1921- ____ _
1926 _____ _

342,144,686
385,291,214
243,600,368
96,195
149,744

3,040,145,733
2,939,054,375
2,790 ;535 ,538
2,865,683,130
2,835,999,892

11,695,267
12,776,728
15,307,796
21,195,552
26,452,028

11,695,267
12,776,628
15,307,496
21,194,669
26,436,334

15,379,397
14,613,414
15,520,512
1,858,606
2,778,864

100
300
883
15,694

77,728,670
64,173,531
48,829,208
37,345,552
54,014,240

450,339,061
434,444,543
396,450,041
376,170,205
370,666,439

2,676,261
5,723,791
51,951,694
66,850,109
150,220,488

1925 _____ _
1924 _____ ~
1923 _____ _
1922 _____ _
192L ____ _

3 '919' 388
3,611,153
3,407,600
3,164,219
3,070,218

2 ;584,140,268
2,796,179,257
2,621,745,228
3,197,451,083
4,595,357,062

25,904,774
27,585,709
30,358,086
45,609,436
82,623,429

25,902,820
27,580,381
30,354,007
45,563,350
82,598,065

1.,954
5,328
4,079
46,086
25,364

49,251,784
62,257,554
64,875,379
58,706,965
72,468,014

345,247,211
325,638 ,931
309,015,493
270,759,384
255,219,385

1920 _____ _
1919 _____ _
1918 _____ _
1917_____ _
1916 _____ _

140,877,326
200,921,721
185,117,058
174,361,288
229,397,837

3'038'928
2,814,104
2,254,531
2,121,080
2,986,465

5,407,580,252
3,850,150,079
3,698,955,821
809 ,393 , 640
512,723 ,288

139,871 ,150
483 ,050,854
443 ,839 ,545
284,008,513
247,453,544

97,905,276
365,211,252
317,553,687
192 ,111,319
158,682,440

41,965,874
117,839,602
126,285,858
91,897,194
88,771 ,104

84,347,828
45,843,131
23,151,239
9,075,239
38,929,936

295,809 ,355
206,003 ,092
156,188,660
103,201,592
88,063,948

1915 _____ _
1914 _____ _
1913 _____ _
1912 _____ _
191L ____ _

267,968 ,579
79,400,266
36,636,607
775,078
4,218,979

3,728,276
2,791,831
2,336,907
1,995,720
1,485,971

415,681 ,024
380,008,897
344,424,454
321,615,895
322,526,300

223 ,948 ,646


226,179,689
230,146,333
219,660,259
219,647,636

144,619,699
159,098,177
163,879,343
156,391,488
155,279,858

79,328,947
67,081,512
66,266,990
63,268,771
64,367,778

24,129,813
714,.307
655,283
616,234
581,641

1910 _____ _
1909 _____ _
1908 _____ _
1907 _____ _
1906 _____ _

289,957,220
246,212,719
251,665,950
269,664,023
249 ,102 ,738

208,601,601
192,324,445
199 ,966 ,424
215,9M,720
199 ,035 ,914

148,029,312
134 , 868 ,034
140,158,807
156,336,902
143 ,394,055

1905 _____ _
1904 _____ _
1903 _____ _
1902 _____ _
190L ____ _

60,572 ,289
57,456,411
59 ;807,617
59,567,818
55,641,859

565,524
502,253
459,860
572,714
489,347

234,187,976
232 ,903 ,781
230,740,925
271,867,990
306,871 ,669

186,319,066
184,893,474
179 ,501,328
193 ,126,915
191 ,697 ,888

135,958,513
135,810,015
131,953,472
121 ,138,013
116,027,980

50,360,553
49,083,459
47,547,856
71 ,988,902
75,669,908

426,575
376,408
422,580
13,807,471
39,558,306

1900 _____ _
1899 _____ _
1898 _____ _
1897 _____ _
1896 _____ _

45,659,910 1_______________ _
44,655,809 ----------- _____ 1
43,514,810 _______________ _
51,937,925
62,481,907 --- -- -----i:494-

295,316,108
273,484,573
170,866.,819
146,619 ,593
146,830,616

605,479
.-1484,097
736 ,783 ________________ 1 __________ _
2,944,492 ___________ _
2,518,101 _.

183 ,419,571
167,928,092
132,062,421
114,480 ,705
114,454,806

109,868,817
99,283,534
92,547,000
82,008,543
80,670,071

1895 _____ _
1894 _____ _

73,550,754
68,644,558
39,515,421
32,472,162
33,784,285

41,295,376
44,108,948
1.055,499
251,307
259,854

59,355,084
52,493,208
36,230,522
30,710,297
30,711,629

2,922
4,717
1.061
9,119
526

2,543,785
1,956,619
1,315,781
1,034,130
1,219,432

143 ,246,078
147,168,450

111,503,245
116,674,040

79,862,627
85,259,252

29,704,908
28,617,899

376
1,573

1,409,211 _,

See footnotes on next page.

31,640,618
382,402
31,414,788 --- __________ ---I

t:1

Sl)
c-t~

-t

1-_______________________________
_______________ 1_ - - - - - - - - - - - - - --_
._______________________________ _
_______________________________ _
__ ._____________ _____
._
34,662,429 _______________ _
30,380,784 _______________ _
29,271,522
169,518,727
28,442,413 1
273,070,001

30,907,809
77,712,524
70,175,147
73,384,956
89,730,833

27,677,041
17,902,389
6,299,017
(6)

76,720,555
50,919,608
26,357,339

----------------

(6)

1,695,257
1,325,219
1,259,988
1,128,707
1,000,215

58,118' 457
51,887,178
49,862,754
51,811,070
48,422,997

1 ,09~, 503 ________________ _


902 ,197 ________________ _

1________________
_______________ _
_______________ _
_______________ _1
__________ ~ ____ _

261,671 ,046
219 ,937,183
64,437,533
(6)

(6)

79,957,374 1 __ --------------1
79,986,640 _
--76,789,425
70,590,152
67,005,951

I_

4,230,667
6,083,056
17,724,952
17,940,637
23,980,677

----1---------

------------- -~~ I~-- ------

________ _
_
_

----------1-

----------1-

954,305 -- __ ------ _ -- -- _ --- _ -- _____ -- -- _1 __ --'- - ----

gn :g:~

================ ================ ==========_____ _

_
-_.
______ --- _ --- ___ I_
________________ _
________________ _

1,723,480 _.

--1-

-t
--1-

- -1-- ---- - ---- --- - -1- ---- ------_

~
~

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-".-~","'I':~.~
..~
.. ~
.. -""~"'-""~'~~~~~",-<5.e,.,.",,, . "..

Series P l09-,-119.-FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES-INTERNAL REVENUE COLLECTIONS: TOTAL AND SELECTED


TAX SOURCES: 1863 TO 1945~Con.
[ Since tax sources shown are on a selected basis, they do not add to total]
SELECTED TAX SOURCES

YEAR

Liquor taxes

Total internal
revenue
collections 1

109

Total

Distilled spirits
and wines,
including
. special taxes 2

110

III

Tobacco manuTotal stamp taxesl factures, includFermented malt !<including playing ing special taxes
liqu()rs, including
cards) 3
in effect to
special taxes 2
June 30, 1926 2

112

1893 ______
1892 ______
189L _____

$161,004,990
153,857,544
146,035,416

$127,269,244
121,347,437
111,901,094

$94,720 ,261
91,309,984
83,335,964

$32,548,983
30,037,453
28,565,130

1890 ______
1889 ______
1888 ______
1887 ______
1886 ______

142 ,594,697
130.,894,434
124,326,475
118,837,301
116,902,869

107,695.,910
98,036,041
92,630,384
87,751,509
88,768,997

81,687,375
74,312,206
69,306,166
65,829,322
69,092,266

1885 ______
1884 ______
1883 ______
1882 ______
188L _____

112,421,121
121,590,040
144,553,345
146,523,274
135,229,912

85,741,991
94,990,339
91,269,391
86,027,328
80,854,216

1880 ______
1879..: _____
1878 ______
1877 ______
1876 ___ ---

123 ,981,916
113,449,621
110,654,163
118,549,230
116,768,096

1875 ______
1874 ______
1873 ______
1872 ______
187L _____

113

114

Manufactures,
etc., excise 2 4

Oleomargarine,
including
special taxes 2

Telegraph, telephone, cable and


radio facilities,
etc .

Transportation,
including oil
by pipeline 6

Admissions

115

116

117

118

119

I
$1,670,644

232

$31,889,712
31,000,493
32,796,271

$6,908
2,198
3,681

26,008,535
23,723,835
23,324,218
21,922,187
19,676,731

7,508
14
24
7,777
7,887

33,958,991
31,866,860
30,662,432
30 ,1(~8 ,067
27,907,363

9,205
6,064
9,745
21,506
24,200

67,511,209
76,905,385
74,368,775
69,873,408
67,153,975

18,230,782
18,084,954
16,900,616
16,153,920
13,700,241

1,630
165,792
7,053,053
7,569,109
7 ;375 ,256

26,407,088
26,062,400
42,104,250
47,391,989
42,854,991

22,730 ---------------- ---------------- ---------------24,345 ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- -.--------------71,852 ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- _.--------------81,559 ---------------- ---------------- ---------------149,141 ---------------- ---------------- ----------------

74,015,312
63,299,605
60,357,868
66,950,219
65,997,646

61,185,509
52,570,285
50,420,816
57,469,430
56,426,365

12,829,803
10,729,320
9,937,052
9,480,789
9,571 ,281

7,133,696
6,237,539
5,936,843
6,004,475
6,049,497

3'8,870,140
40,135,003
40,091,755
41,106,547
39,795,340

228,028 ---------------- -----------_ .... _-- ---------------299,094 ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- _.. _------------429,659 --------- ------- ---------------- ---------------- -.--------------238,163 ---------------- -- - - -- - -- -.- - - - -- ---------------- - .. _------------509,043 ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- -.---------------

110,071 ,515
102,191,017
113 ,504 ,013
130, $90 ,097
143,198,322

61,225,995
58,748,770
61,424,310
57,734,014
53,671,350

52,081,991
49,444,090
52,099,372
49,475,516
46,281,848

9,144,004
9,304,680
9,324,938
8,258,498
7,389,502

6,083,590
5,683,115
7,130,934
15,296,471
14,529,885

37,303,462
33,242,876
34,386,303
33,736,171
33,578,907

863,851 ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ------------ ..... --625,408 ---------------- ---------------- --.-------------- ---------------1,267,470 ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------4,616,145 ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- --"-------------3,631,516 ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- -----------------

1870 ______
1869 ______
1868_~ ____
1867 ______
1866 ______

184,302 828
159 ,124,127
190,374,926
265,064,938
310,120,448

61,925,221
51,171 ,111
24,611,500
39,600,453
38,488,725

55,606,094
45,071,231
18,655,631
33,542 ,952
33,268,172

6,319,127
6,099,880
5,955,869
6,057,501
5,220,553

15,611,003
15,505,493
14,046,613
15,239,182
14,257,837

31,350,708
23,430,708
18,730,095
19,765,148
16,531,008

3,017,028 ---------------- ---------------- ..... --------------- --"-------------3,345,363 ---------------- - - - - -- - - -- - --- ---------------61,649,903 ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- -_._------------91,531,331 ---------------- ---------------- ---------------..... ----127 ,230 ,609 ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- -_._-------------

1865 ______
1864 ______
1863 ______

210,855,865
116 ,965,578
41,003,193

22,466,350
32,619,159
6,805,464

18,731,422
30,329,150
5,176,530

3,734,928
2,290,009
1,628,934

10,888,728
5,714,775
4,140,175

11,401,373
8,592,099
3,097,620

73,318,450 ---------------- ---------------- ---------------36,222,717 ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- -_._------------16,524,989 ____________________________________________ - -- ___. ___ 1_ - - - _ - _ - __

-----------$658-

1 Includes income tax on Alaska Railways except in fiscai years 1935, 1936, and 1937, during which
time these receipts were considered trust fund receipts~
2 Including special taxes relating to manufacture and sale.
a Stamps and playing cards have been combined. Stamps include receipts as follows: (a) Sales by postmasters of documentary stamps for 1918, $4,336,182.21; 1919, $10,199,466.51; 1920, $24,437,893.75; 1921,
$20,880,868.86; 1922, $14,616,958.05; 1923, $11,843,403.64; 1924, $12,418,180.28; 1925, $7,737,895.47; 1926,
$7,880,707.04; 1927, $35,417.38; 1R28, $2,000; and 192~ $233,806.96. (b) Excise tax on perfumes, cosmetics,
~
and_medicinal articles for 1922 a ounting to $2,305,4 2.25.

1,266,326
1,077 ,924
786,292
894,248
864,140
723,948

----------------

---------------- ---------------- _.---------------.~--------------

-.~--------------

--~--------------

--.-------------~

-.~

-~.--------------

-~---------

-~.--------------

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4 Includes taxes on sales under act of Oct. 22, 1914, manufacturers, consumers, and dealers' exciSe taxes
under the war revenue and subsequent acts,. except soft drink taxes; all taxes paid by manufacturers of
and dealers in adulterated and processed or renovated butter, mixed flour, and filled cheese; and for 1932-45,
manufacturers' excise taxes (act of 1932, as amended) except soft drinks. Includes receipts from the tax on
raw cotton as follows: Fiscal year 1863, $351,311.48; 1864, $1,268,412.Q6; 1865, $1,772,98:3:.48; 1866, $18,409,654.90; 1867, $23,769,078.80; and 1868, $22,500,947.77.
6 Includes tax on transportation of persons beginning in 1942, and tax on transportation of property
beginning in. 1943 (levied Dec. 1, 1942).
6 Included under stamp taxes.

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Series P 126-131.-FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES-INTERNAL REVENUE COLLECTIONS, INCOME, EXCESS PROFITS,


CAPITAL STOCK, GIFT TAXES, ETC.: 1863 TO 1945
O!I

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fit
"'d

INCOME, EXCESS PROFITS, AND UNJUST ENRICHMENT TAXES 1

I-'

YEAR

Total income
and profits 2

Corporation income taxes


Normal and
surtaxes I

Total'

Excess
profits tax

Unjust
enrichment tax

Individual
income taxes

Capital stock

Estate

120
121
122
123
124
125
126
1945 ______________________ $35,061,526,200 $16,027,212,826 $4,879,715,381 $11,147,317,450
$179,995 $19,034,313,374
$371,999,132
1944_ _ ___ _ ___ _ ___ _ __ ___ _ __ 33,027,801,888 14,766,796,477
5,284,145,852
9,482,216,901
433,724 18,261,005,411
380,702,006
1943_____ __ ______ _ ___ ____ _ 16,298,888,092
9,668,956,103
4,520,851,710
5,146,296,099
1,808,294
6,629,931,989
328,794,971
1942 _ _ __ ___ _ ___ __ __ _ __ _ ___ g8 ,006 , 883 ,544
4,744,083,154
3 ,069 ~273 ,346
1,670,408,040
4,401,768
3,262,800,3-90
281,900,135
194L_ ___ __ __ _ __ _ ___ _ __ _ __ 3,471,123,930
2 ,053,468,804
1,851,987,990
192,385,252
9,095,562
1,417,655,127
166,652,640
1940 ___________________ ~ __ 2,129,609,307
1,147,591,931
1,120,581,551
18,474,202
8,536,178
982,017,376
132,738,537
1939 ___ __ __ ___ ___ ___ _ ___ _ _ 2 ,185 ,114 ,305
1,156,280,509
1,122,540,801
27,056,373
6,683,335
, 1 ,028,833,796
127,203,009
1938_ __ __ __ _ ___ _ ______ _ _ __ 2,629,029,732
1,342,717,850
1,299,932,072
36,569,042
6,216,736
1,286,311,882
139,348,667
1937 _ ______ ______ ___ ______
2,179,827,768
1,088,087,022
1,056,909,063
25,104,608
6,073,351
1,091,740,746
137,499,246
1936_ _____ _ _ ___ ____ ____ __ _ 1,427,445,894
753,029,820
738,520,530
14,509,290 \- ____ -- _ -- ___ ---I
674,416,074
94,942,752
6 ,560,483 ________ _
1935______________________ 1,105,787,991
578,675,485
572 ,115,002
527,112,506
91,508,121
1934_ ____ __ __ __ _ ___ ___ _ _ __
819,655,955
2,630,615
________
_
400,146,467
397,515,852
419,509,488
80,168,344
1933_ __ ____ __ _ _ __ __ ___ _ __ _
746,791,404
352,573,620 ______________ _
394,217,784
394,217,784
1932_ __ ____ _ _ ____ __ __ __ _ __ 1,056,756,697
427 ,190 ,582 ______________ "'-I
629,566,115
629,566,115
193L _ _ ____ __ ___ _ ____ _ ___ _ 1,860,040,497
1,026,392,699
1,026,392,699
833,647,798
1930________ __ ___ ________ _ 2,410,259,230
1,263,414,466
1,263,414,466
1,146,844,764
46,967
1929_ __ _ ____ ___ __ __ __ _ ____ 2,331,274,428
1,235,733,256
1,235,733,256
1,095,541,172
5,956,296
1928_ __ ___ __ ___ __ __ ___ _ ___ 2,174,573,103
1,29,1,845,989
1,291,845,989
882 ,727 ,114
8,688,502
1921-_____________________ 2,219,952,444
1,308,012,533
1,308,012,533
911 ,939 ,911
8,970,231
i926_ __ _ ___ __ ___ __ __ ___ __ _ 1,974,104,141
1,094,979,734 1 _________ _
1,094,979,734
879 ,124,407
97,385,756
1925__________ ___ ___ __ __ __ 1,761,659,049
916,232,697
916,232,697
845,426,352
90,002,595
1924___ _______ _ ___ ____ ___ _ 1,841,759,317
87,471,692
1923_ _ ______ _ ___ ___ ___ __ __ 1,691,089,535
81,567,739
1922_ __ ___ _ __ __ _ _ ___ __ __ __ 2,086,918,465
80,612,240
192L ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ _ ___ _ 3,228,137,674
81,525,653
1920 _ ___ _ __ ___ _ ___ ___ ___ _ _ 3 ,956 ,936 ,004
93,020,421
1919 ___ ___ __ ___ ___ ___ _ ___ _ 2,600 ,783 ,903
28,775,750
1918_ __ __ _ _ ___ ___ ____ __ _ __ 2,852,324,866
24,996,205
37,176 1______________ _
1911-_____________________
387,382,344
207,274,004
207,236,828
180,108,340
10,471 ,689
1916___ __ _ _ _____ __ __ __ ___ _
124,937,253
67,943,595 ________ _
56,993,658
56,993,658
1915__ ___ _ ___ __ _ __ _ ___ ___ _
80,201,759
1914___ ___ __ ___ __ __ __ _ __ __
71 ,381 ,275
1913_ __ _ ___ _ __ _ __ __ __ _ ___ _
35,006,300
1912_ __ __ _ ___ __ __ ___ __ _ ___
28,583,260
191L _ ___ _ _____ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _
33,511,525

YEAR

Total
income and
profits 2

Legacies,
successions,
and
inheritance
taxes

Banks and
bankers

120

130

131

1910 ______________________ 1$20,959,784


1909 _____________________ _
1908 ______ ________ ..: _____ _
1907 _____________________ _
1906 _____________________ _
, 1905 _____________________ _
1904 _____________________ _
1903 _____________________ _
1902 _____________________ _
1901 _____________________ _
1900 _____________________ _
1899 _____________________ _
1898 _____________________ _
1897 _____________________ _
1896 _____________________ _
1896 _________ '____________ _
77,131
1894 _____________________ _

$175
100

$49,515
142,148
774,355
2,072,132
5,356,775
4,842,967
5,211,899
2,884,492
1,235,435

50
900
228
1,918
1,460
1,180
85
135

YEAR

Total
income and
profits 2

Legacies,
successions,
and
inheritance
taxes

Banks and
bankers

120

130

131

1893 ___________________ _
1892 ___________________ _
189L __________________ _
1890 ___________________ _
1889 ___________________ _
1888 ___________________ _
1887 ___________________ _
1886 ___________________ _
1885 _______________________________ _
1884_ _ _ ___ ___ _ ___ ___ ___ _
$55,628
1883 ______________________________ _
1882 __ __ __ ___ ___ _ ____ ___ _ __________ _
188L _ __ ___ ___ _ __ _ __ _ __ _
3 ,022
1880 _______________________________ _

~~~~= =================== ==========- - 1- --

1 Separate figures on corporation and individual income and excess profits tax collections not available
for the years 1918 to 1924.
2 Includes income tax on .Alaska Railway except in fiscal years 1935, 1936, and 1937, during which time
these receipts were considered trust fund receipts. Also includes receipts from excise tax on corporations
as follows: Fiscal year 1910, ~20,959,783.74; 1911, $33,511,525; 1912, $28,583,259.81; 1919, $95,006,299.84;

--------$70 6,214
4,203
4,288
-----25~000-

2,392
3,748,995
5,253,458
3,762,208
3,350,985
3,198,884
3,492,032

Gift

127

128

$596,137,494
473,465,605
414,530 ,599
340,322,905
355,194,033
330,886,049
332 ,279,613
382,175,326
281,635,983
218,780,754
140,440 ,682
103,985,288
29,693,062
47,422,313
48,078,327
64,769,625
61,897,141
60,087,234
100,339,852
116 ,041 ,036
101,421,767
102 ,966 ,762
126,705,207
139,418,846
154,043,260
103 ,635 ,563
82,029,983
47,452,880
6,076,575

YEAR

1877 ____________________
1876 ____________________
1875 ____________________
1874 ____________________
1873 ____________________
1872 ____________________
1871 ____________________
1870 ____________________
1869 ____________________
1868 ____________________
1867 ______________ '______
1866 ____________________
1865 ___ ~ ________________
1864 _________________,___
1863 _____________._______

Employment

I-'

~
.....

129

$46,917,583
37,744,732
32,965,079
92,217,383
51,863,714
29,185,118
28,435,597
34,698,739
23,911,783
160,058,761
71,671,277
9,153,076
4,616,662

$1,779,177,413
1,738,372,436
1,498,705,034
1,185,361,844
925,856,461
833 ,520,976
740,428,865
742,660,226
266,745,308
48,279

3,175,339
7,518,129
Q

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Total
lncome and
profits 2

Legacies,
successions,
and
inheritance
taxes

120

130

131

---------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - -------------

$3,829,729
4,006,698
4,097,248
3,387,161
3,771,031
4,628,229
3,644,242
3,020,034
2,196,054
1,866,746
2,046,562
3,463,988
4,940,871
2,837,720

$98
588
233
139,472
5,062,312
14,436,862
19,162,651
37,775,874
34,791,856
41,455,598
66,014,429
72,982,159
60,979,329
20,294,732
2,741,858

$2,505,067
3,091,826
2,434,593
2,823,411
1,865,315
1,170,979
546,703
311,161
56,593

Banks and
bankp.rs

and 1914, ~10,671,077.22; munitions manufacturers'tax for 1917, $2'1,663,939.63; and 1918, $13,296,927.32;
also corporation income tax for 1925, $916,232,697 (separate figures for earlier years not available); 1926"
$1,094,979,734; 1927, ~1,308,012,532; 1928, $1,291,845,989; and 1929, $1,235,733,256.
l Includes income tax on Alaska Railways except in fiscal years 1935, 1936. and 1937; see footnote 2,
above.

a::t?:l
Z

t-3

Series P 132-143.-FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES-PUBLIC DEBT': 1791 TO 1945


[Asterisk (*) denotes amount less than $600,000

PRINCIPAL OF PUBLIC DEBT OUTSTANDING

COMPOSITION OF INTEREST-BEARING DEB:r

Total gross debt


JUNE 30

Amount

132
1 ,000
dollars
1945 _________________________ 258,682,187
1944_ - ---- -- ------ - --- - -- -- -- 201,003,387
1943 _________________________ 136,696,090
1942 _________________________
72,422,445
194L ___ --- --- - -- - -- -- -- - -- - 48,961,444

beanng

135

Inte~est-

beanng

136

137

138

U. s.
savings
bonds

Other
bonds

139

140

Treasury
bIlls, etc. (

Notes 5

f?pecial
Issues e

141

142

143

Dollars
1,852.74
1,455.67
1,020.38
541.39
367.97

1,000
dollars
268,667
200,851
140,500
98,300
205,000

1,000
dollars
2,056,904
1,259,181
1,175,284
355,727
369,044

1 ,000
dollars
256,356,616
199,543,355
135,380,306
71,968,418
47,387,400

1,000
dollars
4,963,730
3,849,255
2,678,779
1,645,975
1,218,694

Percent
1.936
1. 929
1.979
2.285
2; 518

Million
dollars
45,586
34,606
21,256
10,188
4,314

Million
dollars
107,149
80,132
58,164
38,588
30,652

Million
dollars
51,177
43,557
28,425
5,604
1,603

Million
dollars
33,633
26,962
16,663
9,703
5,698

Million
dollars
18,812
14,287
10,871
7,885
6,120

2,905
1,868
1,238
800
316

27,012
25,698
22,361
20,522
18,312

1,302
1,308
1,154
2,303
2,354

6,383
7,243
9,147
10,617
11,881

4,775
3,770
2,676
1,558
626

325.62
308.98
286.27
282.75
263.79

204,591
142,283
141,362
118,530
169,363

386,444
411 ,280
447,452
505,974
620,390

42,376,496
39,885,970
36,575,926
35,800,109
32,988,790

1,094,722
1,037,108
947,164
924,347
838,002

2.583
2.600
2.589
2.582
2.. 559

1935_ - - ---- -- ----- - --- --- -- - 1934_ - - --- -- - --- - - - -- ---- --- 1983_ ------- - - - - - - -- - ----- -- 1932_-_______________________
193L________________________

28,700,893
27,053 ;141
22,538,673
19,487,002
16,801,281

225.55
214.07
179.48
156.10
135.45

230,662
54,267
65,911
60,079
51,819

824,989
518,387
315,118
265,650
229,874

27,645,241
26,480,488
22,157,643
19,161,274
16,519,589

750,678
842,301
742,176
671,605
588,987

2.716
3.181
3.350
3.505
3.566

62
_ __ __ __ _ __ __ _
___ ____ ___ _ __
_____________
_____________

14,874
16,510
14,223
14,250
13,531

2,053
2,921
3,063
3,341
2,246

10,023
6,653
4,548
1,261
452

633
396
323
309
291

1930_ - - -- --- ---- -- -- -- --- - - -1929_- ___________________ ~___


1928_ ----- -- --- --- - - - -- --- - - 1927_________________________
1926_ --- ---- -- ---- - --- - - -- - - -

16,185,310
16,931,088
17,604,293
18,511,907
19,643 ,216

131. 51
139.04
146.09
155.51
167.32

31,717
50,749
45,335
14,719
13,360

231,701
241,398
241,264
244;524
246,086

15 ;921 ,892
16,638,941
17,317,694
18,252,665
19,383,771

606,032
656,654
671,353
722,676
793,424

3.807
3.946
3.877
3.960
4.093

__ _ __ _ __ _ ___ _
_____________
_ ____ ____ ____
_____________
_ ___ ___ _ _____

12,111
12,125
13,021
15,222
16,928

1,420
1,640
1,252
686
453

1,626
2,267
2,582
1,986
1,799

764
607
462
359
204

1925 ____ ---- -- ---- - --- - - - - --1924_________________________


1923_ --- ------ --- - ---- -- - - - - 1922 _________ ---- - --- - - - - - - - 192L - - --- - ---- -- - -- -- - -- - - - -

20,516,194
21,250,813
22,349,707
22,963,382
23,977,451

177.12
186.23
199.64
208.65
220.91

30,259
30,278
98,739
25,251
10,688

275,028
239,293
243,925
227,793
227,862

20,210,907
20,981,242
22,007,044
22,710,338
23,738,900

829,680
876,961
927,331
962,897
1,029,918

4.105 _ ___ ___ _ ____ _


4.180 _____________
4.214 .__ __ ___ _ ____ _
4.240 _ ____ _______ _
4.339 _ _____ __ __ _ __

16,842
16,025
16,535
15,965
16,119

533
808
1,031
1,829
2,700

2,740
95
4,148 ____________ _
4,441 ____________ _
4,916 ____________ _
4,920 ____________ _

1920_ - -- -- --- - - - - - -- - --- - - - - 1919_ - --- - -- ---- - --- ---- - - -- 19i18_ -- --- --- - -- -- -- - - - - ---- 1917 - ---- - - - --- - - - -- ---- --- -1916_ ----- - -- - -- ------ -- - --- -

24,299,321
25,482,034
12,243,629
2,975,619
1,225,146

228.23
242.54
117.11
28.77
12.02

6,745
11,109
20,243
14 ;232
1,473

230,076
236,429
237,.504
248,837
252,110

24,062,500
25,234,496
11 ,985,882
2,712,549
971 ,563

1,016,592
1,054,205
468,619
83,625
23,085

4. .225
4.178
3.910
3.120
2.376

16,218
2,769
17,188
3,625
9,911
1,706
2,412
273
967 ____ ___ _ ____ _

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13.28

H~~

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1907_________________________
1906 ____ ---- - -- --- - - - - - -- - - --

1,177,690
1,147,178
1,142,523

13.19
13.37

4,130
1,087
1,128

276,056
251,257
246,286

1905_________________________
1904 ___________ - -- - - -- --- - -- -

1,182,357
1,136,259

13.51
13.83

1,370
1,971

235,829
239,131

l~~:::::
::::::::::::::: ::::: U~~ :&~~
190L~_______________________

134

Nonin~erest-

Bonds

42,967,531
40,439,532
37,164,740
36,424,614
33,778,543

mL:::::::::::::::::::":::
1908 _____ - -- --- - -- - - -- - - - - ---

<:>

133

Matured

Computed
rate of
interest

1940_-_______________________
1939_ - --- --- - -- ----- - -- --- - -1938_-_______________________
1937 ---- --- --- - - -- - -- ----- -- 1936_-_______________________

!I!!m~~mmm:~mm~~:

Per capita

Compu\ed
annua
interest
charge

~~ :~~~

m:m
897,504

II:ii ~~~~~~:m~:~ m~~~~m~~~

~l:m ::::::::::::: :::::::::::::

_ __ __________ _ _ _ __ __ _ __ __ _
_____________ _____________
_ ____ _ ___ __ _ _ __ _ __ ___ _ _ ___

883
895
895

895,158
895,157

24,177
24,177

_____________ _____________
_ __ __ _ ______ _ _ _ ___ __ _ _ ____

895
895

~u~

1,221,572

15.74

233,016

987,141

29,789

::::::::: :::: ;::::::::::::

1900 __________ ---- -- --- - -- --1899 __________ --- - --- -------1898_ - - - ------- --- ----------1897 ----- ------- ---- --------1896 _____ ---- - -- -- --- --- -----

1,263,417
1,486,701
1,232,743
1,.226,794
1,222,729

16.60
19.21
16.77
16.99
17.25

1,176
1,218
1,263
1,347
1,637

238,762
389,434
884,113
878,082
373,729

1,023,479
1,046,049
847,367
847,365
847,364

33,545
40,848
34,387
34 ~387
34,387

_ ____________
_____________
_______ _____ _
___ __________
_ ______ ______

1895 ____ - -------- - ---- -----..:1894 ______ -- - ------------- ~--

1,096,913
1,016,898
961,482

15.76
14.89
14.86

1,722
1,851
2,094

878,989
380,005
374,301

716,202
695,042
585,037

____________ _
____________ _
____________ _
____________ _
____________ _

("')

____________ .. ____________ _

(*)

____________ .. ____________ _

(*)

____________ .. ____________ _

m 1~

C*)

r>
Q

<!
l?=j

l?=j

f-l:j

Z
z>
o
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____________ .. ____________ _

987

(*)

::::::: :::::: :::::::: :::::

_____________
_________ ____
____________ _
_____________
___ __________

1,023
1,046
847
847
847

(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)

_________________________ _
_________________________ _
____________ .. ____________ _
____________ .. ____________ _

29,141 ____ ___ ___ ___ _____________


25,394 1______ _____ __ _____ __ _____ _
22,894 _____________ _____________

716
635
585

CIII)

____________ ____________ _

(*)

____________ .. ____________ _

C*)

____________ .. ____________ _

_____________ _____________

o
l?=j
~

m :::::::::::::
::::::::::::: :::::::::::::
14 ____________ .. ____________ _

21,101
21,629
23,248

;~t :~~~

5,075
4,422
369
27
4

ill j~~~j~:~m~~ ~~m~~:~:j:~ :~:m~jm~:

894,834
895,159

l :~r
1,416

.~n_See footnoWs on next page.

19~

i:!fi

_______ ___ ___


___ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
___ _ ___ __ _ _ __
_ __ __ _ _ ____ __
___ _____ _ ____

f-l:j
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_________________________ _

____________ .. ____________ _

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Series P 132-143.-FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES-PUBLIC DEBT: 1791 TO 1945-Con.


[ Asterisk (*) denotes amount less than $500,000

o
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PRINCIPAL OF PUBLIC DEBT OUTSTANDING

Total gross debt


JUNE 30

Matur,ed
Amount

Per capita

132

N oninterestbearing 2

Interestbearing 3

Computed
annual
interest
charge

135

136

137

134

133

INTEREST-BEARING
DEBT

Other
bonds

Treasury
bills, etc. 4

140

141

Dollars
14.74
15.63

1,000

1,000

1,000

dollars
968,219
1,005,807

dollars
2,786
1,615

dollars
380,404
393,663

dollars
585,029
610,529

dollars
22,894
23,616

Million
dollars
585
610

1890 _____
1889 _____
1888 _____
1887 _____
1886 _____

1,122,397
1,249,471
1,384,632
1,465,485
1,555,660

17.80
20.23
22.89
24.75
26.85

1,816
1,91+.,
2,496
6,115
9,704

409,268
431,705
445,613
451,678
413,941

711 ,313
815,854
936,523
1,007,692
1,132,014

29,418
33,752
38,992
41,781
45,510

711
816
936
1,008
1,132

(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)

1885 _____
1884 _____
1883 _____
1882 _____
188L ____

1,578,551
1,625,307
1,721,959
1,856,916
2,019,286

27.86
29.35
31.83
35.16
39.18

4,101
19,656
7,831
16,261
6,724

392,299
393,088
389,899
390,845
386,994

1,182,151
1,212,564
1,324,229
1,449,810
1,625,568

47,014
47,926
51,437
57,365
75,019

1,182
1,212
1,324
1,449
1,625

(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)

1880 _____
1&79 _____
1878 _____
187L ____
1876 _____

2,090,909
2,298,913
2,159,418
2,107,760
2,130,846

41.60
46.72
44.82
44.71
46.22

7,621
37,015
5,594
16,649
3,902

373,295
374,181
373,089
393,223
430,258

1,709,993
1,887,716
1,780,736
1,697,889
1,696,685

79,634
83,774
94,654
93,161
96,104

1,709

1875 __ ~ __
1874 _____
1873 _____
1872 _____

2,156,277
2,159,933
2,151,210
2,209,991

47.84
49.05
50.02
52.65

11 ,426
3,216
51,929
7,927

436,175
431,786
402,797
401,270

1,708,676
1,724,931
1,696,484.
1,800,794

JUNE 30

Gross debt

1,000

JAN. 1

Gross debt

132

132

1,000

1,000

96,856
98,796
98,050
103,988

JAN. 1

Matured

N oninterestbearing 2

Interestbearing a

Computed
annual
interest
charge

134

135

136

137

Total gross debt

1892 _____
189L ____

1,000

I-'

PRINCIPAL OF PUBLIC DEBT OUTSTANDING

Amount

Per capita

132

Million
dollars

133

I-'

If:o..
~

1,000
dollars
2,322,052

Dollars
56.72

1,000

1,000

___

dollars
1,949

dollars
399,406

1,000
dollars
1,920,697

dollars
111,949

1870 _____
1869 _____
1868 _____
1867 _____
1866 _____

2,436,453
2,545,111
2,583,446
2,650,168
2,755,764

61.06
65.17
67.61
70.91
75.42

3,570
5,112
1,246
1,739
4,436

397,003
388,503
390,874
409,474
429,212

2,035,881
2,151,495
2,191,326
2,238,955
2,322,116

118,785
125,524
128,460
138,892
146,068

1865 _____
1864- ____
1863 _____
1862 _____
186L ____

2,677,929
1,815,831
1,119,774
524,178
90,582

75.01
52.08
32.91
15.79
2.80

2,129
458,090
455,437
367
172
411,767
231
158,591
159 ---..:--------

2,217,709
1,360,027
707,834
365,356
90,423

137,743
78,853
41,854
22,049
5,093

1860 _____
1859 _____
1858 _____
185L ____
1856 _____

64,844
58,498
44,913
28,791
31,974

2.06
1.91
1.50
0.99
1.13

161 -----------165 ----------.-170 -----------198 -----------169 ------------

64,683
58,333
44,743
28,503
31,805

3,444
3,126
2,447
1,673
1,869

1855 _____
1854 _____
1853 _____
1852 _____
1851

35,588
42,244
59,805
66,199
68,305

1.30
1.59
2.32
2.67
2.85

170
199
162

35,418

2,314

187L~

(*)
(*)

---------- ------------------- ------------------- ------------------- ------------------- ------------------- ------------------- ------------------- ----------

Gross debt
132

JUNE 30

JAN. 1

Gross debt

42,045 ---------------------59,642 ------------------------------------------------ - ----------------------- ------------ ----------- - -----------

Gross debt
132

JAN. 1

132

1,000

------------

1,000

Gross debt

JAN. 1

132
1,000

1,000

1,000

1850 ______________
1849 ______________
1848 _________ - __ -1847 ______________
1846 ______________

dollars
63,453
63,062
47,045
38,827
15,550

1840 _____________
1839 ___________ -_
1838 _____________
1837 _____________
1836 _____________

dollars
3,573
10,434
3,308
337
38

1830 _____________
1829 _____________
1828 _____________
1827 _____________
1826 _____________

dollars
48,565
58,421
67,475
73,987
81,054

1820 _____________
1819 _____________
1818 _____________
1817 _____________
1816 _____________

dollars
91,016
95,530
103,467
123,492
127,335

.1810 ______________
1809 ______________
1808 ______________
180L _____________
1806 ______________

dollars
53,173
57,023
65,196
69,218
75,723

1800 ______________
1799 ______________
1798 ___________ --1797 ______________
1796 ______________

dollars
82,976
78,409
79,229
82,064
83,762

1845 ______________
1844- _____________
1843 7 ----- _ ------1842 7 _____________
1841 7_____________

15,925
23,462
32,743
13,594
5,251

1835 _____________
1834 _____________
1833 _____________
1832 _____________
183L ____________

38
4,760
7,002
24,322
39,123

1825 _____________
1824 _____________
1823 _____________
1822 _____________
182L ____________

83,788
90,270
90,876
93,547
89,987

1815 _____________
1814 _____________
1813 _____________
1812 _____________
181L ____ ~ _______

99,834
81,488
55,963
45,210
48,006

1805 _____________
1804 ______________
1803 ______________
1802 ______________
180L _____________

82,312
86,427
77,055
80,713
83,038

1795 _________ ____


1794 ______________
1793 ______________
1792 __ ___________
179L _____________

80,748
78,427
80,359
77 ,228
75,463

1 Figures for 1791 through 1852 are not entirely comparable with later figures. The lack of comparability
is, however, not sufficiently great to impair the usefulness of the figures. Statistics are for June 30,1843 to
1945; for Jan. 1, 1791 to 1842.
2 Includes old demand notes; United States notes (gold reserve deducted since 1900); postal currency
and fractional currency less the amounts officially estimated to have been destroyed; and also the deposits
held by the Treasury for the retirement of Federal Reserve Bank notes, and for national bank notes of
national banks failed, in liquidation, and reducing circulation, which prior to 1890 were not included in the
published debt statements. Does not include gold, silver, or currency certificates, or Treasury notes of 1890
for redemption of which an exact equivalent of the respective kinds of money or bullion was held in the
Treasury.

3 Exclusive of the bonds issued to the Pacific Railways (provision having been made by law to secure the
Treasury against both principal and interest) and the Navy pension fund (which was in no sense a debt,
the principal being the property of the United States).
4 Includes certificates of indebtedness. Also includes refunding certificates of deposit
1880-1907,
inclusive.
5 Includes old Treasury (War) savings securities from 1918 through 1929.
6 Comprises special issues to Government agencies and trust funds.
7 Figure for 1843 is for July 1; January 1 figure is $20,201,000. Figures for gross debt for 1791 to 1842
are as of January 1.

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f-3

FINANCES~INCOME

Series P 144-151.-FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

TAX RETURNS, INDIVIDUAL, ESTATE, AND TRUST:

1913 TO 1945
[ All money figures in millions of dollars. Includes figures for Alaska, District of Columbia, and Hawaii. Data are based on returns as filed, unaudited except to insure proper execution]
-

-_._-

------

..

-~-

..

-- -.-.-----..

FOR RETURNS WITH NET INCOME

Number (thousands)
Total

Taxable

Net
income
(amt.) 1
146

CALENDAR

YEAR

FOR RETURNS WITH NET INCOME

Total
tax less
credits 2

Tax before tax credits (amount)


Normal tax

Surtax

147

148

149

Other

Tax
credits
(amt.) 2

144

145

1945 ______
1944- _____
1943 ______
1942 ______
1941- _____

49,865
47,012
43,602
36,538
25,855

42,764
42,447
40,319
27,719
17,587

121,158
117,370
99,586
78,889
58,868

1940 ______
1939 ______
1938 ______
1937 ______
1936 ______

14,665
7,633
6,204
6,350
5,413

7,505
3,959
3,049
3,371
2,861

36,589
23,192
18,897
21,239
19,240

51,496
928
765
1,142
1,214

389
286
228
335
330

435
543
314
329
258
279
807 ---------884 ----------

----------------------------------------------

1935 ______
1934 ______
1933 ______
1932 ______
1931- _____

4,575
4,094
3,724
3,877
3,226

2,111
1,796
1,748
1,936
1,526

14,910
12,797
11 ,009
11,656
13,605

657
511
374
330
246

153
123
164
157
82

505 ---------388 ------~i6244


239
6
186
19

----------

1930 ______
1929 ______

3,708
4,044

2,038
2,458

18,119
24,801

477
1,002

129
162

317
582

150

CALENDAR
YEAR

151

417,226 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------416,347 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------414,589


---------- ---------48,927 ----i :445- ----5:7201,762 ---------53,906
556
1,928
1,420 ----------

65
285

-------5i72

42
35
27

Net income for 1913-1943 is total income less statutory deductions, but before deduction of exemption
or credits allowable in computing amount subject to tax. For 1944 and 1945, ad}usted gross income (defined
as gross income minus allowable trade and business deductions, expense of travel and lodging in connection
with employment, reimbursed expenses in connection with employment, deductions attributable to rents
and royalties, certain deductions of life tenants and income beneficiaries of property held in trust, and
allowable losses from sales of property) is shown instead of net income.
2 Credits against tax consist of: (1) For 1923, amount of 25 percent reduction provided by Revenue Act
of 1924; (2) for 1924-31,25 percent of tax on earned net income; and (3) for 1924-33, 1272 percent of capital
net loss from sales of assets held more than 2 years where such loss has not been deducted in arriving at
net income. For all years, credits for (1) tax paid at sourceand (2) taxes paid to foreign countries or possessions of the U. S. are not included in credits against tax as shown.
3 Comprises optional tax, alternative tax, and tax on capital net gain. Optional tax is that paid in lieu
of normal tax and surtax by individuals electing to file Form 1040A, for gross income of not more than
$3,000 entirely from salary, wages, dividends, interest, and annuities. (Rents and royalties are included for
1941 only.) For 1938 through 1945 the alternative tax is imposed on returns with net long-term capital
gain when such alternative tax is less than the sum of the normal tax and surtax computed on net income
including net long-term capital gain; for 1938 through 1941, the alternative tax is imposed on returns with
net long-term capital loss when such alternative tax is greater than the sum of the normal tax and surtax
computed on net income after deducting net long-term capital loss. Alternative tax on returns reporting
1

Number (thousands)
Total

Taxable

Net
income
(amt.) 1

144

145

146

Total
tax less
credits 2

Normal tax

Surtax

Other a

Tax
credits
(amt.) 2

147

148

149

150

151

Tax before tax credits (amount)

1928 ______
1927 ______
1926 ______

4,071
4,102
4,138

2,523
2,441
2,471

25,226
22,545
21,959

1,164
831
732

282
216
201

689
512
448

2:33
134
113

40
31
29

1925 ______
1924 ______
1923 ______
1922 ______
1921- _____

4,171
7,370
7,698
6,787
""6,662

2,501
4,490
4,270
3,681
3,590

21,895
2,656
24,777
21,336
19,577

735
704
662
861
719

216
258
378
355
308

433
438
465
475
411

118
49
39
31

32
40
221

1920 ______
1919 ______
1918 ______
1917 ______
1916 ______

7,260
5,333
4,425
3,473
437

5,518
4,231
3,393
2,707
363

23,736
19,859
15,925
13,652
6,299

1,075
1,270
1,128
6795
173

41B
468
476
157
51

597
802
651
433 ----------- ---------122 ---------- ----------

4,600
4,000
3,900

68
41
28

24
17
13

44 ---------- ---------24 ---------- --------_.


16 ---------- --------_.

1915 ______
1914 ______
1913 ______

337 ---------358 ---------358 ----------

------------------- -------------------- ------------------- ------------------- ----------

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deficit due to net long-term capital loss, which tax amounted to $615,000 for 1938, $300,000 for 1939,
$473,000 for 1940, and $2,326,000 for 1941, is excluded.
4 (a) Tax computed on net income for respective year without regard to comparison of tax liability on the
two returns as provided by Current Tax Payment Act. Tax shown for 1943 is amount of income and Victory
tax after deducting credits for tax paid at source and tax paid to a foreign country or poss~~ssion of United
States which credits for 1943 amounted to $16,803,000 for individuals, estates, and trusts. Tax for 1942
and prior years is amount before deduction of such credits, while the amount of tax for 1943-1945 is after
deduction of such credits. (b) Total tax reported on 1943 returns of individuals, estates, and trusts with
net income, including adjustments under Current Tax Payment Act and after deducting credits referred to
in (a) above is $17,114,112,000 which includes the total tax on 1943 income (see (a) of this note), additional
tax of $671,588,000 on individual returns showing 1943 tax increased to equal 1942 tax liability and unforgiven portion of 1942, and 1943 tax on individual returns, amounting to $1,853,201,000. (On returns with
no net income for income tax purposes in 1943, there is a tax of $31,800,000 which is not included in total
shown above. This excluded tax consists of (1) adjustments under Current Tax Payment Act on individual
returns and (2) Victory tax on returns of individuals, estates, and trusts.)
5 Includes defense tax 1940, $128,350,000; 1941, $1,150,000; not shown s~parately here. The defense tax,
applicable only to taxable years beginning in 1940, is 10 percent of total income tax beforl~ deducting any
credit, but not in excess of 10 percent of amount by which net income exceeds such income tax.
6 Includes war excess-profits tax of $101,250,000 on individuals and $103,888,000 on partnerships.

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Series P 152-164.-FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES-INCOME TAX RETURNS, CORPORATION: 1909 TO 1945

SIll
SIll

rt-

[ All money figures In thousands of dollars. Includes figures for Alaska, District of Columbia, and Hawaii. Data are based on returns as filed, unaudited except to insure proper execution 1

eo

00

FOR RETURNS WITH NET INOOME

YEAR

T ota I .
number ~f
I returns

Amount of income
Number of
returns'

152

153

1945 !_______________________
1944 _______________________
1943 5_______________________
1942 5 _______________________
194L ____ ------ _____________

454,460
446,796
455,894
479,677
509,066

1940___ _______ ____ ___ ___ ___ _


1939________________________
1938 ________________________
1937 ________________________
1936 _________________ .. ______

Gross
ineome

I Nt'
e lUcome
22,165,206
27,123,741
28,717,966
24,052,358
18,111,095

10,794,750
14,884,050
15,925,582
12,256,396
7,167,902

4,182,705
4,353,620
4,479,166
4,337,728
3,744,568

6,612,045
10,530,430
11,446,417
7,918,668
3,423,334

6,246,856
6,210,584
5,851,265
5,559,812
6,676,037

118,,106
123,563
136,786
172,723
204,278

16,397,272
9,227,928
8,895,906
11,473,657
15,113,023

516,783
515,960
520,501
529,097
530,779

220,977 124,977,573
199,479 105,457,187
169,884
80,068,303
192,028108,989,095
203,161104,763,755

11 ,203 ,224
8,826,713
6,525,979
9;634,837
9,478,241

2,548,546
1,232,256
859,566
1,276,172
1,191,378

2,144,292
1.216,450
853,578
1,232,837
1,169,765

404,254
15,806
5,988
43,335
21,613

6,018,903
5,649,475
4,856,348
7,479,719
7,514,539

1935________________________
1934________________________
1933 ________________________
1932________________________
193L_______________________

533,631
528,898
504,080
508,636
516,404

164,231
77,441,506
145,101
62,920,954
109,78646,752,366
82,646
31,707,963
175,898
52,051,035

5,164,723
4,275,197
2,985,972
2,158,118
3,683,368

735,125
596,048
423,068
285,576
398,994

1930________________________
1929 _____________ ~_ ___ _ __ __ _
1928________________________
192L _ __ __ _ _ __ ____ __ __ __ ___ _
1926________________________

518,736
509,436
495,892
475,031
455,820

221,420
269,430
268,783
259,849
258,134

89,561,495
129,633,792
127,369,525
115,324,340
118,022,117

6,428,813
11,653,886
10,617,741
8,981,884
9,673,403

711,704
1,193,436
1,184,142
1,130,674
1,229,797

711,704
1,193,436
1,184,142
1,130,674
1,229,797

1925________________________
1924 ________________________
1923 ________________________
1922 __________________ .______
192L_______________________

430,072
417,421
398,933
382,883
356,397

252,334 113,692,083
236,389
97,158,997
233,339
97,457,479
212,53580,331,680
171,239
60,051,123

9,583,684
7,586,652
8,321,529
6,963,811
4,336,048

1,170,331
881,550
937,106
783,776
701,576

1,170,331 ____________
5,319,791
881,550 ____________
4,461,811
937,106 ____________ 4,607,787
775,310
8,466
6,349,786
366,444
335,132 ____________

1920________________________
1919________________________
1918 ________________________
1917________________________
1916_____ _____ _______ _ _ ____ _

345,595
320,198
317,579
351,426
341,253

203,233
209,634
202,061
232,079
206,984

93,824,225
88.,261,006
79,706,659
79,540,005
32,531,097

7,902,655
9,411,418
8,361,511
10,730,360
8,765,909

1,625,235
2,175,342
3,158,.764
2,142,446
171 ,805

1915
1914
1913
1912
1911

366,443
299,445
316,909
305,336
288,352

190,911
174,205
188,86
61,116
55,129

____________
____________
___ __ __ __ ___
___ ___ ___ _ __
____________

5,310,000
3,940,000
4,714,000
4,151,000
3,503,000

56,994
39,145
43,128
35,006
28,583

56,994
39,145
43,128
35,006
28,583

27Q ,202
262,490

54,040
52,498

___ _ __ _ _____
____________

:3,761,000
3,590,000

33,512
20,960

1910
1909

6_____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _

6___________________ ____

5____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _

6 _______________________

1 All corporations are required to filE! returns except those specifically exempt, such as those mutual,
fraternal, civic, and charitable organizations not operating for profit. The total number of returns shown
includes returns of inactive corporations.
t The amounts shown for 1917-4922 consist of war profits tax and excess-profits tax. The amount shown
for 1922 was reported on returns with fiscal years beginning 1921; and (declared value) excess-profits tax
under the NIRA was in effect for 1933 and subsequent years. Figures for 1940-45 also include exceSSprofits tax under the Second Revenue Act of 1940: For 1940, $373,511,000; for 1941, $3,359,186,000; for
1942, $7,851,814,000; for 1943, $11,291,483,000; for 1944, $10,431,762,000; and for 1945, $6,557,006,000.
The amount tabulated for the ye&rs 1942 through 1945 is the excess-profits tax liability reported on corporation excess-profits "tax returns, less the credit for debt retirement and the net post-war refund. The
amounts for 1943 through 1945 are before the amount deferred under sec. 710 (a) (5) (relating to abnormalities under sec. 722) and after any adjustments reported on the returns under any other relief provisions.
The amount for 1942 is after both the sec. 710 (a) (5) deferment and any adjustments reported on the returns under any other relief provisions. For 1942-1945 the amounts shown are before any ehanges resulting
from renegotiation of war contracts after returns were filed.

Dividends
paid a

184,971
93,656
101,260
119,989
203,690

33,335
34,329
35,373
37,012
40,160

252,065 22,830,422
270,138 26,977,788
301,14839,927,538
285,81032,977,981
275,69627,514;178

2,283,795
2,092,148
2,853,098
2,280,846
2,152,024

209,868
187,142
241,667
222,968
209,765

43,741
46,343
49,469
51,259
51,922

4,763,164
3,996,018
2,466,339
2,410,841
3,949,767

312,882 36,494,664
324,703 37,910,299
337,05636,890,055
369,238 49,375,775
283,806 55,464,204

3,468,774
4,181,027
5,533,339
7,796,687
6,970,913

1,313,807
1,078,125
763,163
1,618,337
2,364,847

56,518
59,094
57,288
56,752
56,700

7,073,549
9,-199,848
7,104,022
6,427,654
6,246,430

241,616
186,591
174,828
165,826
197,186

46,500,564
30,987,717
25,411,989
29,074,012
24,107,736

4,877,595
2,914,128
2,391,124
2,471,739
2,168,710

1,524,872
608,607
528,829
698,024
456,512

55,700
53,415
52,281
49,356

177,738 20,568,068
181,032 22,070,497
165,594 21,106,184
170,34820,588,835
185,158 81,198,150

1,962,628
2,223,926
2,013,555
2,193,776
3,878,219

414,115
387,538
452,616
434,979

____________
____________
____________
____________
_________ ___

142.,362
110,564
115,518
119,347
134,269

2,029,424
.995,546 . ___________ _
689,772
629,608
656,904

____________
____________
__ __ _ __ __ __ _
__ _ __ _ ___ __ _
____________

175,532
125,240
128,043
244,220
233,228

33,512 __ ___ ___ ___ _ _ __ ___ _ ___ _ _


20.,960 ____________ ____________

216,162
209,992

____________
____________
_ __ _ __ __ ___ _
___ _ ___ _ ___ _
____________

24,381,338
11,657,743
6,757,622
5,153,234
2,796,534

162

1,026,250
819,260
898,722
1,000,746
1,778,553

636,508
988,726
743,536
1,431,806
653,198
2,505,566
503,698
1,638,748
171,805 __________ __

161

.
DefiCIt

en
~
1-0

164

____________
_ ___ ___ __ ___
____________
___ ___ _ __ ___
____________

160

Gross
income

Number
01
returns by
inactive
corporations

163

710,156
24,969
588,375
7,673
416,093
6,976
285,576 ____________
398,994 ____________

159

Number of
returns
\

303,019 238,838,355
288,904 252,711,961
283,735 240,389,381
269,942 205,869,810
264,628174,976,815

6____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

158

Dividends
paid a

156

6_______________________

157

Excess
\
profits taxes 2

155

6 _______________________

154

Tax
T tal t I t
0
ax
ncome ax

"'d
1-0

FOR RETURNS WITH NO NET INCOME

3 The amount "Dividends paid" excludes liquidating' dividends; for years prior to 1928, excludes 'also
dividends paid by life insurance companies.
4 Returns of inactive corporations prior to 1927 are included in those reporting no net income.
S (a) For 1942-1945, income and taxes as shown do not reflect the effect of changes resulting from the
renegotiating of war contraets after returns were filed. Amounts representing the reduction in profits and
taxes due to renegotiation after the returns were filed are shown in Statistics of Income for 1942 and for
1943, part 2. (b) Beginning 1942, instead of the special deduction for reserves which was previously allowable to life insurance companies in arriving at net income, there is allowable a credit against net income.
As a consequence, there is an increase in both the number of returns reporting net; income and in the
amount of net income reported.
B Data for 1909 through 1915 are for the fiscal year ending June :1,0 of the following year, as shown in
the annual reports of Commissioner of Internal Revenue; 1915 contains data from approximately 82,000
returns related to 1914. (See Annual Report, Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 1916, p. 26.)

IfO.

o
o

tr:l

tr:l

Series P 165-169.-FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES-POSTAL RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES: 1789 TO 1945


[ Figures are rounded to nearest dollar and will not neceBBarily add to totals]
AS REPORTED BY POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT

FISCAL YEAR 11

Postal
revenues
165

CO

1945 ________
1944 ________ $1,314,240,132
1,112,877,174
1943 ________
966,227,289
1942 ________
859,817,491
194L _______
812,827,736
1940 ________
766,948,627
1939 ________
745,955,075
1938 ________
728,634,051
1981- _______
726,201,110
1936 ________
665,843,356
1985 ________
630,795,302
1934 ________
586 ,733 ,166
1933 ________
587,631,364
1932 ________
588,171 ,928
193L _______
656 ,463 ,883
1930 ________
705,484,098
1929 ________
696,947,578
1928 ________
693 ,633 ,921
1927 ________
683,121,989
1926 ________
659,819,801
1925 ________
599,591,478
1924 ________
572,948,778
1923 ________
582,827,925
1922 ________
484
, 853 ,541
192L _______
468,491,275
1920 ________
437,150,212
1919 ________
436,239,126
1918 ________
388,975,962
1917 ________
329,726,116
1916 ________
312,057,689
1915 ________
287,248,165
1914 ________
287,934,566
1913 ________
266 ,619 ,526
1912 ________
246,744,016
191L _______
237,879,824
1910 ________
224,128 ,658
1909 ________
203,562,383
1908 ________
191,478,663
1907 ________
183 ,585,006
1906 ________
167,932,783
1905 ________
152,826,585
1904 ________
143,582,624
1908 ________
134,224,443
1902 ________
121,848,047
190L _______
111,631,193
1900 ________
102 ,354 ,579
1899 ________
95,021,384
1898 ________
89,012,619
1897 ________
82,665,463
1896 ________
82,499,208
1895 ________
76,988,128
1894 ___ ~ ____
75,080,479
1893 ________
75,896,933
1892 ________
70,980,476
189L _______
65,931,786

(0

See footnotes on next page.

Postal
expenditures

166
$1,145,101,184
1,068,985,618
952,535,379
873,956,528
836 ,945,548

Surplus <+)
or deficit ( -)
167

TREASURY ACCOUNTS

Surplus revenue
paid into
treasury I

Grants from
treasury to
cover postal
deficiencies 4

168

169

+ $169 ,138 ,948


$188 ,102 ,579
+43,891,556
1,000,000
+13,691,909 ----------------14,139,037 ----------------24,117,812 ----------------

AS REPORTED BY POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT

FISCAL YEAR

Postal
revenues
165

Postal
expenditures

166

$649,769
5 -28,999,995
14,620,875
18,308,869
30,064,048

1890 ________
1889 ________
1888 ________
1887 ________
1886 ________

$60,882 ,098
56,175,611
52,695,177
48,837,609
43,948,423

$66,282,862
62,344,716
56,467,643
52,982,628
51,016,918

TREASURY ACCOUNTS

Surplus <+)
or deficit (-)

Surplus revenue
paid into
treasury'

Grants from
treasury to
Cover postal
deficiencies 4

167

168

169

-$5,400,764
-6,169,104
-3,772,466
-4,145,018
-7,068,495

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

$6,875,037
3,868,920
3,056,037
6,501,247
8,193,652

807,732 ,866
784,646,938
772,445,607
772 ,815,842
753,659,681

-40,784,239
-38,691,863
-43,811,556
-46,614,732
-88,816,324

----------------------------------------------'- - - - - - - - -- - - - --

40,870,336
41,237,263
44,258,861
41,896,945
86,038,862

1885 ________
1884 ________
1883 ________
1882 ________
188L _______

42,560,844
43,325,959
45,508,693
41,876,410
36,785,898

696,603,253
630,767,001
700,006,256
793 ,722 , 534
802,529,573

50,042,254
47,233,016
43,327,340
40,622,487
39,607,35.7

-65,807,951
-44,033,835
-112,374,892
-205,550,611
-146,066,190

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

63,970,405
52,003,296
117,380,192
202,876,841
145,648 ,613

1880 ________
1879 ________
1878 ________
1877 ________
1876 ________

33,315,479
30,041,983
29,277,517
27,531,585
28,644,198

803 ,700 ,086


782,408,754
725,755,017
714,628,189
679 ,792 ,180

36,537,433
33,457,916
34,182,546
33,658,941
33,291 ,451

-98,215,987
-85,461,176
-32 ,121 ,096
-31,506,201
-19,972,379

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

91,714,451
94,699,744
32,080,202
27,263,191
39,506,490

1875 ________
1874 _______ .
1878 ________
1872 ________
187L _______

26,791,314
26,471,072
22,996,742
21,915,426
20,037,045

639,336,505
587,412,755
556 ,893 ,129
~ 545,662,241
6619,684,948

33,611 ,634
32,228,980
29,125,634
26,664,520
24,395,798

-39,745,027
-14,463,976
-24,065,204
-60,808,700
-156,143,673

------------------------------ ----------------

7,211,646
4,714,045
5,490,475
5,175,000
5,131,250

23.216,784
12,638,850
32,526,915
664,846,235
6 130,128,458

1870 ________
1869 ________
1868 ________
1867 ________
1866 ________

-6.820,321 ----------------5,757,908 ----------------6,128,893 - - - - - - - - - - - - -.- - -4,749,094 ----------------4,358,752 ----------------

18,879,587
17,314,176
16,292,601
15,287,027
14 ,386 ,986

23,977 ,391
23,677,913
22,837,949
19,209,379
15,320,837

-5,097 ,854
-6,363,737
-6,545,348
-3,972,352
-933,851

-------------------------------------------------------------

4,844,579
5,395,510
4,053,192
3,516,667

13,638,909
12,848,069
11,306,415
11,125,965
13,601,263

+917,250
-404,815
-'-142,625
-2,826,144
-5,251,967

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

250,000
999,980
749,314
3,561,729
5,170,895

6418,722,295
362,504,274
324,849 ,188
319,889,904
306,228,453
298,581,474
283,558,108
262,108,875
248,529 ,589
237,660,705
230,010,140
221,042,154
208 ,888,942
190,277,037
178,475,725
167,420,972
152,895,394
138,811,420
124,809,217
115 ,612 ,714
107,764,937
101,651 ,520
98,067,170
94,097,042
90,948,410
87,213,570
85,057,994
. 81,613,722
77,041,452
73,082,396

--------------~-

81,494

----------------

+18,427,917
5,213,000
6114,854
+78,734,852
89,906,000
348,511
+64,126,774
48,630,701
72,221,095
+9,836,212
5,200,000
+5,829,236 ---------------- ------5~ 500 ~ 000 -11 ,333 ,309
3,500,000
6,636,593
+4,376,463
3,800,000
+4,510,651 ---------------- ---------------1,027,369
-1,785,523 ---------------1,568,195
+219,118 ---------------133,784
-5,881,482 ---------------8,495,612
-17 ,479 ,770 ---------------19,501,062
-16,910,279 ---------------12,888,041
-6,692,081 ---------------7,629,383
-10,542,942 ---------------12,673 ,294
-14,594,387 ---------------15,065,257
-8,812,769 ---------------6,502,581
-4,586,977 ---------------2,768,919
-2,961,170 ---------------2,402,158
-3,981,521 ---------------4,954,762
-5,410,358 ---------------7,230,779
-6,630,136 ---------------8,211,570
-9,054,552 ---------------10,504,040
-11 ,431,579 ---------------11,149,206
-8,444.201 ---------------9,300,000
-10,230,442 ---------------11,016,542
-9,977,515
8,250;000
-5,716,789
5,946,795
-6,110,976
4,051,490
-7,150,610
4,741,772

~~;;;;;;~;;;;;;;I

1865 ___ . ____


1864 ________
1863 ________
1862 ________
186L _______

14,556,159
12,438,254
11,163,790
8,299,821
8,349,296

-7,481,410 ----------------3,907,057 ---------------+2,181,354 ---------------+1,258,924 ----------------2,821,959 ----------------3,221,953 ----------------3,415,933 ----------------4,905,029 ----------------6,127,356 ----------------4,647,253 ----------------

-------~--------

4,541,611

_.. -------74 503- ----3~895~639~

3,071,000
4,773,524
5,753,394
6,170,339
5,092 ;540

----------------

1860 ________
1859 ________
1858 ________
1857 .. _______
1856 ________

8,518,067
7,968,484
7,486,793
7,358,952
6,920,822

19,170,606
11,457,512
12,721,637
11 ,507 ,670
10,407,868

1855 ________
1854 ________
1853 ________
1852 ________
185L _______

-10,652,539 ----------------3,489,028 ----------------5,234,844 ----------------4,153,718 ----------------3,487,047 -----------'------

9,889,546
4,808,558
4,748,928
3,616,883
3,199,118

6,642 ;t36
6,255,586
5,240,725
5,184,527
6,410,604

9,968,992
8,608,286
7,983,089
7,107,550
6,278,710

-3,326,856 ----------------2,352,700 ----------------2,742,365 ----------------1,923,023 ---------------+131,895

3,078,814
3,207,846
2,153,750
1,041,444

1850 ________
1849 ________
1848 ________
1847 ________
1846 ________

5,499,985
4,705,176
4,555,211
3,880,309
3,487,199

5,213,245
4,477,664
4,380,460
4,081,128
4,120,518

+286,740
+227 ,513 1________________
_____ ----- +174'
751
-200,819 ---_____________
-633,318 -_______________

1845 ________
1844 ________
1848 1 ______
1842 ________
184L _______

4,289,842
4,237,288
4,296,225
4,546,850
4,407,726

4,326,692
4,298,628
4,374,844
5,671 ,063
4,499,687

1840 ________
1839 ________
1838 ________
1837 ________
1836 ________

-36,850
-61,340 ----------------78,619 ----------------1,124,213 ----------------91,960 ----------------

4,543,522
4,484,657
4,238,783
4,101,703
3,408,823

4,718,236
4,636,536
4,430,662
3,288,319
2,841,766

t::!

tj

t::!

>
t"i
Q

;d
~

t::!

.I-.rj
H

>

0
t::!.
L/J

--T --------------22,222
536,299
810,282

---------2i :30353,697
407,657

-174,714 ----------------151,880 ---------------- ----------------191,929 ---------------- -------------------_._-------- -+813,385 ---------------- ---------------+566,557


$11 ----------------

t:;:i
~

c:+

Iotj
I-t
(1)

~
.....
(1)

c.c

Series P 165-169.-FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES-POSTAL RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES: 1789 TO 1945-Con.


!Figures are rounded to nearest dollar, and will not necessarily add to totals

.....
o

AS REPORTED BY POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT

FISCAL YEAR

Postal
revenues
165

Postal
expenditures

166

Surplus (+)
or deficit (-)
167

1835 ___ ._____


1834- _______
1833 ________
1832 ________
183L _______

$2,993,556
2,823,749
2,617,011
2,258,570
1,997,811

$2,757,350
2,910,605
2,930,414
2,266,171
1,936,122

+$236,206
-86,856
-313,403
-7,601
+61,689

1830 ________
1829 ________
1828 ________
1827 ________
1826 ________

1,850,583
1,707,418
1,659,915
1,524,633
1,447,703

1,932,708
1,782,132
1,689,945
1,469,959
1,366,712

-82,125
-74,714
-30,030
+54,674
+80,991

1825 ________
1824 ________
1823 ________
1822 ________
182L . ______

1,306,525
1,197,758
1,130,115
1,117,490
1,059,087

1,229,043
1,188,019
1,156,995
1,167,572
1,165,481

+77,482
+9,739
-26,880
-50,082
-106,394

1820 ________
1819 ________
1818 ________
Un7 ________
1816 _______ .

1,111,927
1,204,737
1,130,235
1,002,973
961,782

1,160,926
1,117,861
1,035,832 .
916,515
8.04,022

-48,999
+86,876.
+94,403
+86,458
+157,76.0

1815 ________
1814 ________
1813 _______ .

1,043,065
730,370
703,154

748,121
727,126
681,011

+294,944
+3,244
+22,143

TREASURY ACCOUNTS
Surpl~

revenue
paid into
treasury I
168

Grants from
treasury to
cover postal
deficiencies 4
169

165

Postal
expenditures

166

TREASURY ACCOUNTS

SurpluB (+)
or deficit (-)

Surplus revenue
paid into
treasury a

Grants from
treasury to
cover postal
defi('iencies 4

167

168

169

1812 ________
181L _______
1810 ________
1809 ________
1808 ________

$649,208
587,246
551,684
506,633
460,564

$540,165
499,098
495,969
498,012
462,828

$+109,043
+88,148
+55,715
+8,621
-2,264

$85,040 ---------------38 ------------------------------- ------------------------------- ------------------------------- ----------------

1807 ________
1806 ________
1805 ________
1804 _______
1803 ________

478,762
446,105
421,373
389,449
351,822

453,885
417,233
377,367
337,502
322,364

+24,877
+28,872
+44,006
+51,947
+29,458

3,615 ---------------41,118 ---------------21,343 ---------------26,500 ---------------16,427 ----------------

1802 ________
180L _______
1800 ________
1799 ________
1798 ________

327,044
320,442
280,804
264,846
232,977

281,916
255,151
213,994
188,037
179,.084

+45,128
+65,291
+66,810
+76,809
+53,893

35,000
79,500
78,000
41,000
39,500

6,466 ---------------71 ---------------20,070 ---------------29,372 ---------------149,788 ----------------

1797 ________
1796 ________
1795 ________
1794- _______
1793 ________

213,998
195,066
16.0,62.0
128,947
104,746

150,114
131,571
117,893
89,972
72,039

+63,884
+63,495
+42,727
+38,975
+32,707

64,500 ---------------72,91.0 ---------------22,400 ---------------29,478 ---------------11 ,021 ----------------

135,000
45,00.0
35,0.00

1792 ________
1789-9L ____

67,443
91,739

54,530
76,397

+12,913
+15,342

---------------- -- - - - - -- -- - - - - --

------------------------------------------------ --- ------24K


---------------561 ---------------55 ---------------87 ---------------20 ---------------101 ---------------300 ---------------470 ---------------------------iii- ------------------------------602 ----------:------517
$893
100

----------------

-------------------------------

----------------

From 1789 to 1842 the fiscal year ended Dec. 31; from 1844 to date, June 3.0. Figures for 1843 are for
a half year, Jan. 1 to June 30.
2 Postal expenditures include adjusted losses, etc.-postal funds and expenditures from postal balances,
but are exclusive of departmental expenditures in Washington, D. C., to the close of fiscal year 1922, and
amounts transferred to the civil service retirement and disability fund, fiscal years 1921 to 1926, inclusive.
For 1927 and subsequent years salary deductions are included in "Postal expenditures," the deductions
having been paid to and deposited by disbursing clerks for credit of the retirement fund. From 1930 to
1945, "Extraordinary expenditures" as reported under the act of June 1930 are included, that is, the
differences between free or reduced postage and regular rates.
S On basis of warrants issued from 1793 to 1915, and on basis of daily Treasury statements from 1916 to
date (1945).
4 On basis of warrants issued prior to 1922 and on basis of daily Treasury statements for 1922 and thereafter. Represents advances from the General Fund of the Treasury to the Postmaster General to meet
1

Postal
revenues

'--_ ..

~
~

AS REPORTED BY POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT

FISCAL YEAR 1

t::I

.....

~
.....
~

tl>

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------- - ----------------

-----

deficiencies in the postal revenues. These figures do not include any allowances for offsets on account of
extraordinary expenditures or the cost of free mailings contributing to' the deficiency of postal revenues
certified to the Secretary of the Treasury by the Postmaster General pursuant to the act of Congress approved June 9, 1930. Excludes amounts transferred to the civil service retirement and disability fund
under act of May 22, 192.0 (41 Stat. 614), and amendments thereto on account of salary deductions of 2Y2
percent, as follows: 1921, $6,519,683.59; 1922, $7,899,006.28; 1923, $8,284,081.00; 1924, $8,679,658.60;
1925, $10,266,977 ..00; and 1926, $1.0,472,289.59.
5 Repayment of unexpended portion of prior years' advances.
6 Exclusive of General Fund payments from the appropriation "Additional compensation, Postal Service" under authority of the act approved Nov. 8, 1919, in the amounts of $35,698,40.0, $1,374,.015. and
$6,700 for the fiscal years 1920, 1921, and 1922, respectively.
7 Actual advances from General Fund were reduced by repayment of $5,80.0,000 from prior year advances
which were carried to surplus.

t<j

'-3

Series P 170-175.-COPYRIGHTS, PATENTS, AND TRADE-MARKS-COPYRIGHT REGISTRATIONS: 1874 TO 1.945


[ For fiscal years ending June 30, except data for prints and labels are for calendar years.]
-

..

-----~---

SELECTED SUBJECTS

YEAR

SELECTED SUBJECTS

Books, pamphlets, and contributions

Total
registrations,
except
commercial
prints and labels

Total

170

171

Books and
pamphlets
Books only
printed abroad
printed in U.S.
in a foreign
language
172

Mtisical
compositions

173

174

Commercial
prints
and labels

Total
registrations,
except
commercial
prints and labels

YEAR

175

Books, pamphlets, and contributions

170

Total

Books and
pamphlets
printed abroad
in a foreign
language

171

173

Musical
compositions

174

Commercial
prints
and labels

175

1945 ____
1944 ____
1943 ____
1942 ____
194L ___

178,848
169,269
160,789
182,232
180,647

40,544
40,682
40,457
50,276
51,885

6,962
7,585
8,658
10,377
12,735

111
82
156
651
1,553

57,835
52,087
48,348
50,023
49,135

7,505
6,714
5,an
6,359
7,846

1920 ________
1919 ________
1918 ________
1917 ________
1916 ________

1940 ____
1939 ____
1938 ____
1931- ___
1936 ____

176,997
173,135
166,248
154,424
156,962

64,051
54,536
52,528
47,942
49,657

11,976
11,612
11,625
11,244
11,748

2,505
4,086
3,646
3,841
3,853

37,975
40,961
35,334
31,821
33,250

14,360
2,412
2,295
2,498
2,186

1915 ________
191L _______
1913 ________
1912 ________
191L _______

115,193
123,154
119,495
120,931
115,198

31,926
31,891
29,572
29,286
26,970

1,843
2,860
2,369
2,294
1,707

21,406
28,493
26,292
26,777
25,525

1,174
1,057
998
876
907

(]

1935 ____
1934 ____
1933 ___ ._
1932 ____
193L ___

142,031
139,047
137,424
151,735
164,642

46,488
43,636
44,400
50,944
54,016

11,035
9,660
10,.820
13,460
14,175

3,283
3,593
4,232
4,784
4,339

27,459
27,001
26,846
29,264
31,488

2,661
2,281
1,953
1,896
2,278

1910 ________
1909 ________
1908 ________
1907 ________
1906 ________

109,074
120,131
119,742
123,829
117,704

24,740
32,533
30,191
30,879
29,261

1,351

24,345
26,306
28,427
31,401
26,435

490
640
838
982
1,365

1930 ____
1929 ____
1928 ____
1927 ____
1926 ____

172,792
161,959
193,914
184,000
177,635

55,943
52,280
70,972
72,003
68,776

l\:i,221
13,501
13,401
10,649

4,664
3,868
4,405
3,777
3,430

32,129
27,023
26 ,897
25,282
25,484

2,275
2,553
2,893
2,899
2,573

1905 ________
1904 ________
1903 ________
1902 ________
190L _______

113,374
103,130
97,979
92,978
92,351

29,860
27,824
2.6,466 ---------------24,272 -----------------

24,595
23,110
21,161
19,706

1,189
1,411
1,260
925
1,037

1925 ____
1924 ____
1923 ____
1922 ____
192L ___

165,848
162,694
148,946
138,633
135,280

61,440
58,729
55,561
46,307
41,245

3;266
2,306
2,886
1,309
1,134

25,548
26,734
24,900
27,381
31,054

2,564
1,813
1,880
2,199
1,951

1900 ________
1899 ________
1898 ________
1897 ________
1896 ________

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

126,562
113,003
106,628
111,438
115,967

39,090
37,710
33,617
33,552
32,897

939
855
636
914
1,276

29,151
26,209
21,849
20,115
20,644

1,012
666
851
858
1,296

-- -------------94,798 ---------------80,968 ---------------75,545 ------------------ - --- ----- ------ ----------------- ------- - - ------- ----------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------- ----------------------------- ----------------------------- ---------------------------- - ----------------------------- --------------

830
611
235
30
33

---------------- --------------

'"d
~

pj

1-3

sn

'"d

>
1-3

1-3

sn
~tj
1-3

YEAR

Commercial
prints and
labels

YEAR

YEAR

175

175
1895 ________________
1894 __________ - ___ -1893 ________________
1892 ________________
1891- _______________

Commercial
prints and
labels

3
4
2
6
137

1890 ________________
1889 ________________
1888 ________________
1887 ________________
1886 ________________

Commercial
prints and
labels

YEAR

175
304
319
327
380
378

1885 ________________
1884 ________________
1883 ________________
1882 ________________
188L _______________

Commercial
prints and
labels

YEAR

1880 ________________
1879 ________________
1878 ________________
1877 ________________
1876 ______________ -_

203
355
492
392
472

1875 ________________
1874 ________________

232
232

>
~

1J.l
t _____

Comprises 1,271 registrations with United States Patent Office to June 30, 1940, and 3,089 with
Library of Congress for period July I-Dec. 1, 1940. Function of registration of commercial prhits and
I

~
tj
M

175

175
391
513
906
304
202

Commercial
prints and
labels

_ ____________________

labels was transferred from Patent Office to Library of (Jongress, effective July L 1940.

tj
III

("!-

II)

eo

t-'
t-'

I~'"-l
Q

''"-l""'
~

1:.0
1-4

Series P 176-187.-COPYRIGHTS, PATENTS, AND TRADE-MARKS-PATENTS AND TRADE-MARKS: 1790 TO 1945

t::1

~
po

PATENTS GRANTED
APPLICATIONS FOR PATENTS FILED
CALENDAR YEAR

All patents

176
1945 _____________
1944 ____ '- ________
1943 _____________
1942 _____________
194L ____________
1940 _____________
1939 _____________
1938 _____________
1937 ~ ____________
1936 _____________
1935 _____________
1934 _____________
1933 _____________
1932 _____________
193L ____________
1930 _____________
1929 _____________
1928 _____________
1927 _____________
1926 _____________
1925 _____________
1924 _____________
1923 _____________
1922 _____________
192L ____________
1920 _____________
1919 _____________
1918 _____________
1917 _____________
1916 _____________
1915 _____________
1914 _____________
1913 _____________
1912 _____________
191L ____________
1910 _____________
1909 _____________
1908 _____________
1907 _____________
1906 ________ .:. ____
1905 _____________
1904 _____________
1903 _____________
1902 _____________
190L ____________
1900 _____________
1899 _____________
1898 _____________
1897 _____________
1896 _____________
1895 _____________
1894 _____________
1893 _____________
1892 _____________
189L ____________
1890 _____________
1889_____________

1888_____________

Inventions 1

177

Design

Reissue

178

179

TRADE MARKS REGISTERED

To residents
of foreign
countries 2

All
applications

180

181

....~
f....
00
~

Inventions

182

Design

Reissue

183

184

All
registrations

Registered

Renewed

186

187

-4

185

29,364
31,197
33,523
42,510
47,979

25,719
28,111
31,121
38,532
41,184

3,524
2,916
2,229
3,728
6,486

121
170
173
250
309

2,112
2,564
2,625
3,943
5,311

48,850
49,080
43,493
43,271
44,820

76,119
59,472
48,724
50,057
59,901

42,333
43 ,135
38,117
37,750
39,842

67,898
54,232
45,534
. 45,609
52,406

6,145
5,593
5,027
5,137
4,556

8,066
5,063
2,986
4,218
7,203

372
352
349
384
422

155
177
204
230
292

6,148
6,338
5,776
5,638
5,734

11,703
10,079
9,431
9,691
11 ,299

40,683
44,461
48,819
53,519
51,771

60,954
64,169
66,922
65,369
62,665

4,210
4,052
3,835
2,894
2,765

44,944
47,753
51,563
56,856
55,103

69,857
71,689
75,429
72,984
69,585

7,493
6,027
5,596
6,797
8,534

3,866
2,921
2,411
2,944
2,937

8,530
7,137
8,084
7,207
6,478

395
371
333
393
395

373
383
423
408
442

5,980
6,489
7,170
7,374
6,897

12,532
11,924
11,263
12,778
12,620

45,243
45,284
42,356
41,731
44,750

58,189
56,671
56,585
67,052
79,777

2,547
1,398
1,051
1,524
1,888

48,322
48,565
45,899
44,444
47,627

64,369
61,572
6.0,633
71,864
84,423

9,985
10,526
10,212
11,254
10,732

2,712
2,907
3,188
2,387
2,602

5,728
4,399
3,600
4,345
4,190

367
374
335
326
275

452
502
448
467
456

6,085
5,921
5,218
4,918
5,103

12,771
13,820
10,811
11 ,200
13,050

46,450
42,594
38,634
38,414
37,885

89,570
89,752
87,603
87,219
81,365

1,874
2,445
1,671
1,587
1,643

49,540
45,500
40,787
40,297
41,401

94,203
94,738
92,725
92,122
86,116

10,897
11,375
9,140
9,613
11,407

2,824
2,671
1,927
1,627
3,277

4,182
4,520
4,761
4,473
4,343

266
235
226
256
239

451
466
361
430
408

5,347
4,723
4,133
4,455
3,963

14,912
16,276
16,191
17,649
19,237

84,627
80,888
80,653
89,028
93,395

13,251
14,526
14,142
14,586
14,964

37,164
36,872
35,569
41,069
43,970

2,485
1,523
1,207
1,512
1,759

4,082
3,635
3,550
4,763
5,596

233
203
165
179
198

337
266
320
303
332

3,762
3,687
2,883
3,209
3,767

86,893
80,638
59,800
70,373
71,033

43,207
39,945
33,941
36,231
32,917

4,660
3,627
2,234
2,545
2,684

1,545
1,715
1,683
1,342
1,010

318
301
219
238
274

182
190
164
158
157

4,334
4,595
4,212
4,489
4,058

70,069
70,404
70,367
70,976
69,121

35,930
37,421
33,682
36,620
31,965

35,168
36,574
32,757
35,880
31,181

67,138
67,774
68,117
68,968
67,370

10,282 -------------4,208 -------------- -------------4,061 -------------- -------------5,339 -------------- -------------6,791 -------------- --------------

44,934
41,850
35,788
37,731
34,084

81,915
76,710
57,347
67,590
68,075

16,118
13,840
2,278
15,749 -------------14,845 -------------- -------------12,793 -------------- -------------11 ,654 -------------- --------------

o<j

39,882
38,598
39,941
42,760
45,927

80,208
76,987
76,783
83,962
87,467

1,661
1,750
2,049
3,063
4,273

639
687
757
589
625

2,734
2,454
2,060
1,850
1,534

123
160
168
151
159

197
176
190
158
217

3,719
3,812
3,338
3,866
3,471

30,399
30,934
31,699
27,886
27,373

64,629
65,839
61,475
58,762
56,482

29,784
30,267
31,046
27,136
25,558

63,293
64,408
60,142
57,679
55,471

6,262 -------------6,817 -------------- -------------5,065 -------------- -------------5,020 -------------- -------------4,205 -------------- --------------

486
557
536
640
1,734

1,155
1,234
1,131
896
806

129
110
117
110
81

181
197
202
187
205

3,292
3,285
3,763
3,499
3,402

54,971
52,143
50,213
49,641
46,449

26,499
25,527
22,267
23,794
23,373

54,034
51,168
49,289
48,320
43,973

4,239 -------------4,184 ------------- -------------5,191 ------------- - -------------7,878 ------------- - -------------10,568 ------------- - --------------

24,660
23,296
20,404
22,098
21,867

781
818
770
1,170
2,361

1,758
2,139
1,803
1,631
1,445

81
92
60
65
61

156
157
154
151
115

4,490
2,158
2,186
2,006
1,928

3,483
2,311
2,752
2,221
2,027

41,980
41,443
35,842
47,905
43,982

22,057
20,867
23,769
23,559
23,244

39,673
38,937
33,915
45,661
42,077

20,883
19,875
22,768
22,661
22,328

2,225
2,400
1,843
2,150
1,828

1,115
928
902
817
836

82
106
84
94
77

59
64
99
81
80

2,049
2,166
2,473
2,051
1,928

26,292
24,158
20,506

40,680
38,439
38,473
40,753
40,552

1,721 ------------- -------------1,649


- -------------1,238 ------------------------- - -------------1,671 -------':'"----1,813 ------------- - --------------

25,322
23,360

39,145
36,987
37,293
39,514
39,418

886
723
835

1,463
1,357
1,060
1,130
1,025

84
75
86

72
95
120
109
109

2,105
2;003
1,53S

1,829
1,806
1,677
1,737
1,762

41,048
40,575
35,797

39,884
39,607
24,712

1,046
857
971

118
111

1,415
1,229 ------------1,059 ------------- - -------------- --------------

See footnotes on next page.

H).fiAfi

113

--------------

--------------

--------------

------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- -

---------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------

- -------------------------- - -------------------------------------- -- --------------------------------------- -------------------------- - ------------ ... ------------- - --------------

I:.:z::1

I:.:z::1

r-3

Series P 176-187.-COPYRIGHTS, PATENTS, AND

I....

TRADE-MARKS~PATENTS

PATENTS GRANTED

CALENDAR YEAR

All patents
17&

1887. ____________ ~ ___


1886 ________________
1885 ________________
1884 ________________
1883 ________________
1882 ________________
1881 ________________
1880 ________________
1879. ________________
1878 ________________
1877 ________________
1876 ________________
1875 ________________
1874 ________________
1873 ________________
1872 ______ :. _________
187L _______________
1870 ________________
1869 ________________
1868 ________________
1867 ________________
1866 ________________
1865 ________________
1864 ________________
1863 ________________
1862 ________________
1861 ________________
1860 ________________
1859 ________________ .
1858 ________________
1857 ________________
1856 ________________
1855 ________________
1854 ________________
1853 ________________
1852 ________________
185L _______________
1850 ________________
1849 ________________
1848 ________________
1847 __ -'- _____________
1846 ________________
1845 ________________
1844 ______________ ~_
1843 _____ __________
1842 ________________
1841- _______________
~

1840 _________________
1839 ________________
1838 ________________

Inventions

177

Design
178

21,477
22,508

20,429
21,797

24,233
20,413
22,383
19,267
16,584

194~Con.

APPLICATIONS FOR PATENTS :FILED

Reissue
179

949

AND TRADE-MARKS: 1790 TO

To residents
of foreign
countries ~
180

All
applications
181

I Inventions
182

Design

Reissue

183

184

Trademarks
registered 4

~95

1,466
1,489

34,420
35,161

23,331
19,147
21,196
18,135
15,548

1,041
645

773
1,150
1,020
861
565

152
162

129
116
167
271
471

1,133
1,029

1,549
1,284
1,259
1,135
995

13,947
13,213
13,444
14,187
15;595

84,697
34,192
33,073
30,270
24,878

12,926
12,133
12,345
12,920
14,172

862
1,230
1,238
948
678

515
592
590
699
802

158
178
265
304
503

506
488
509
568
621

1,067
1,021
902
947
834

786
648
581
590
787

21,761
20,059
20,260
20,308
21,425

634
_
_
___________ _
____________ _

617
634
638
639

14,837
13,599
12,864
13,613
13,056

13,291
12,230
11 ,616
12,200
11 ,687

915
886
747
884
905

631
483
501
529
454

349
872
1,455
1,216
959

563
547
493
581
522

21,638
21.602
20,414
18 ,246
19,472

____________
____________
____________
_ __ _ __ _ ___ _ _
_

13,333
13,997
13,410
13,026
9,458

12,157
12,957
12,544
12,301
8,874

737
506
446
325
294

439
534
420
400
290

6,616
5,025
4,184
3,532
3,329

6,099
4,638
3,781
3,221
3,040

221
139
176
195
142

296
248
227
116
147

181
181
125
80
83

4,778
4,504
3,695
2,896
2,505

4,363
4,165
3,467
2,686
2,315

183
108
102
113
107

232
231
126
97
83

49
47
28
45
31

2,013
1,844
961
1,019
872

1,892
1,759
846
890
757

70
57
86
109
9.0

51
28
29
20
25

41
35
26
20
17

993
1,067
653
569
638

884
988
584
495
566

83
49
46
60
59

26
80
23
14
13

20
17
14
21
19

11
7

19,171 _
19,271 _

~~ ~~~
:

_
_
_
_ ___ _

1,138
559
492
491
486

1835 ______________ _
1834 ______________ _
1833 ______________ _
1832 ______________ _
183L _____________ _
1830 ______________ _
1829 ______________ _
1828 ______________ _
1827 ______________ _
1826 ______________ _
1825 ______________ _
182L _____________ _
1823 ______________ _
1822 ______________ _
1821 ______________ _

121
--J-

All patents

To residenti~
of foreign
countries 2

176

1837 ______________ _
1836 ______________ _
1836 __________ ~ ___ _

--I
i~i~===
== ==== ===== =
______________
_
--1-============11 1818

______________ _
- ============ =---------- -1- - - - - - - - - ___ II 1817
1816 ______________ _

180

436
5109
G 599
_
752
630
586
474
573

_
_
_
___________ _
_

544
447
368
331
323

_
_
_
_
_

304
228
173
200
168

_
_
_
_

155 _
156 _
222
174
206 ___________.__
173
210
181
238
215

____________ _
____________ _
_
_
___________ _

223
203
158
99
63

___________ _
___________ _
_________ _
_________ _

57
84
97
65 ___________ _
44 _
41
44
28 _________ _
51
44 _

503
497
519
SOl
496

475
17
478
12
494
14
488 -----------490 ------------

11

13
6

12
20
8
11
21

459
417
521

458 -----------404 -----------515 ------------

10
13
6

19
10
17 ,----- - -- - - - -/- - - - - - - - - - - -1- - - -- --

Includes plant inventioll!l, beginning 1931. Plant total varies from 5 patents granted in 1991 to 86 in
1940.

YEAR

185

99
116

644
377
337
275
244

PATENTS GRANTED

I-d

r<

!;d
I-t

lI1

1-3

rn

I-d

~
t:J:j
Z

~
~OO

tj

1-3

!;d

>
t:1
t:rJ

>!;d
~

r:n

12 _
22 _
20
11_
33 _

----1--

"".....

, Included in series P 176-178. Figure for 1800-1835 is 5; for 1790-1799 is 2.


I Includes ;designs, 1867-1879, and reissues, 1867-1876_

Renewals not included prior to 1925.


From July 4 to end of year.
July 4_

- G To

~
~

~
po

~
I-<

OIl

-.1

GOVERNMENT

Data: P 188-201

Series P 188-201.-STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT-GENERAL REVENUE AND


EXPENDITURE, AND GROSS DEBT: 1890 TO 1945
[ In millions of dollars. Because of rounding, detail does not always add to total. Amounts for "State and local governments" exclude duplicating fiscal aid-that
.
between State and local governments. Thus only fiscal aid transactions with the Federal Government are reflected in the fiscal aid total
GENERAL EXPENDITURE

GENERAL REVENUE

YEAR

Total

Property

Other
taxes

188

189

190

Aid
received Charges
and
from other miscelgovernlaneous
ments
191

Total

193

192

Total,
Aid
Provision excluding
to
for debt provision Operation paid
other
retirefor debt
government
retirements
ment
194

195

196

Capital
outlay

197

198

Gross
debt
Contriless
butions
sinking
to
trust
funds
Interest funds and (general
enterand enterprises 1
prise)
199

200

201

A.-State and local governments


1942 _________
1932 _________
________
1902 _________
1890 _________
1913~

11 ,396
7,416
1,602
968
562

4,044
4,682
1,083
706
443

5,068
1,677
269
154
58

854
238
9
7

---------

930
820
241
101
61

11,120

1,086

--------- --------------------------------- ---------

--------- - --------

10,034
8,406
1,751
1,016
560

7,216
5,533
1,165
782
4478

-----------------------------------------

1,017
2,056
442
168
435

515
724
135
67
47

1,285
92
9

17,320
17,577
3,822
1,865
1,137

(3)
(8)

.B.-State governments
1945 _________
1944 _________
1943 _________
1942 _________

6,775
6,649
6,321
6,142

276
247
259
271

5,327
5,178
4,873
4,744

759
829
833
809

413
396
355
317

6,044
5,974
5,926
5,863

223
220
372
305

5,822
5,754
5,553
5,558

2,257
2,102
1,968
1,916

1,884
1,850
1,778
1,791

267
325
477
615

80
87
99
110

1,336
1,389
1,231
1,126

1,893
2,108
2,327
2,732

1941. ________
_______
1939 _________
1938 _________

5,458
5,145
4,833
4,754

266
260
259
244

4,152
3,897
3,625
3 ;590

741
705
683
654

299
283
266
266

5,491
5,421

307
307

5,184
5,114
5,073
4,765

1,790
1,745
1,803
1,649

1,670
1,627
1,537
1,543

676
725
759
695

117
117
117
124

931
900
857
754

2,848
2,942
2,818
2,710

1937_________
1932 _________
1927 _________
1923 _____ ..; ___
1919 _________

4,202
2,317
1,915
1,285
704

292
328
370
353
237

3,068
1,562
1,238
667
357

585
228
113
102
12

257
199
194
163
98

------------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ---------

4,066
2,734
1,972
1,422
704

1,474
1,058
804
656
399

1,369
5764
5569
5353
5209

712
775
505
352
70

122
114
79
50
24

389
23
15
11
2

2,703
2,361
1,594
1,034
547

1915 _________
1913 _________
1902 _________
1890 _________

432
345
176
107

186
140
82
69

182
161
74
27

5
3
3

59
41
17
11

--------- ---------

490
378
182
72

269
229
115
463

5110
587

91
48
2
(4 6)

19
14
10
9

444
346
235

402
1,281
394
166
435

406
610
121
57
38

49
46
83
292
90
22

66
73
79
127
17
10

319
989
304
144

327
482
104
47

(8)

1~ I'

209
302
37

(3)

1940_~

---------

--------- ----------------- ---------

--------- ------.-.

--------. --------.

--------. ----.-.---.------ ---------

554

---------

(&)
(6)

---------

211

C.'::""Local governments
1942 ________
1932 _________
1913 2 ________
1902 _________
1890_. ____ ..: ___

7,040
6,004
1,326
846
455

4,273
4,353
943
624
374

324
115
108
80
31

1,830
915
75
58

---------

613
621
200
84
50

7,096

781

--------- ----------------- ----------------- ---------

--------- ---------

6,315
6,501
1,460
888
488

5,301
4,476
936
667
4415

48
65

---------

-----------------

159
769
79
(6)

------- --

14,603
15,216
3,477
1,630
926

D.-Counties
1944 _________
1943 _________
1942 _________
1932 _________
1913 _________
1902 _________
1890 _________

1,656
1,610
1,650
1,264
373
198
184

20
23
26
23
20
16

871
890
893
859
282
143

582
540
581
245
24
16

183
158
150
137
49,
23

--------- --------- --------- ---------

1,629
1,568
1,629

---------

183
195
192

---------

--------- ----------------- ---------

1,446
1,373
1,438
1,360
385
198
115

1,298
1,223
1,234
876
278
166

32
31
41
65

---------

---------

(3)
(3)
(8)
(3)
(3)
(3)

--------- --------- --------- --------- ---------

1,492
1,658
1,821
2,619
372
197
145

E.-Local governments other than counties


1942 _________
1932 , ________
1913 _________
1902 _________
1890 _________

5,390
4,740
951
648
324

3,380
3,494
661
481

1,249
671
51
42

298
92
88
64

463
484
151
61

5,467

589

--------- ----------------- ---------

--------- ---- .. ------------ --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------

4,877
5,140
1,075
690
372

F.-City corporations
1942 _________
1932 _________
1902 D________

118
2,680

436

1,999
1,991
316

286
74
48

627
253
21

=H I:::~:~~~=i==:::~~~: I

2.~0

2,934
472

4,067
3,600
658
501

-------------------------

2,271
2,060
212

1.382
1,502
165

I
72' I ~~J I___ ~:~~~_ :::::~~~:I
I
18
10
16

418
21

10 _________

Contains contributions to enterprises and to retirement and other trust funds


for States from 1941 to 1945 and for cities for 1942. Other data refer only to contributions to retirement funds.
2 Omits revenue and expenditure of incorporated places having less than 2,500
inhabitants, school districts overlying such places, townships, and special districts.
I Included in operation: amounts not separable.
4 A nonsegregable amount of capital outlay is included in operation.
5 Comprises only school and highway grants; other grants included in operation.
1

314

057
2,206
2.
218

12,7:83
12,597
3,105
1,433
781

79

--------- --------- --------- --------- --- -... - -_ ..


8

I g:~ 1_______4_1
325 _________

G.-Other local governments (townships, school districts, and special districts)


1942 _________
1932 _________
1902 g________

159
769

U:g 1------ -~-I


176 _________

625
112

159
60

8,236
8,763
1,328

136
365
32

~H 1----;)--'-1

4,547
3,834
105

Less than $500,000.


Pension payments of city corporations and overlying local governments of
cities having 30,000 inhabitants or more; originally included in operation.
8 Statistics for 1913 and 1890, although included in "Local governments other
than counties", are not segregable for separate pr~sentation.
g City corporations include .only cities having 8,000 inhabitants or more;statistics of all other cities are included in the estimated revenue and eXDeuditure of
"Other local governments".
6
7

STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT


Series

AND

202-211.-STATE

Data: P 202-223

LOCAL GOVERNMENT-GENERAL EXPENDITURE FOR

1890

OPERATION:

TO

1942

In millions of dollars. Because of rounding, detail does not always add to totals 1

Totai
YEAR

202

1942 __________________
1913 __________________
1902 __________________
1890 __________________

7.

,
General
control

216

203

667

I ""if.,e. I

Schoois

206

207

208

806

807

157
117
384

69
34
3

I Recreation I

Libraries

Other

correction

A.-State and local governments 1

181
97
43

Hospitals,
public

Sanitation
and h-ruth

205

7571

211
164
82

Highways

204

1,165
782
478

Public
safety

02

365
331 1
2. 236

158
1,8
106 1
52

209

(2)
(2)

145

210

211

97

24
14
3

10

411

374
24
14
67

B.-State governments
1942 __________________
1932 __________________
1913 __________________
1902 __________________
1890 __________________

1,916
1,058
229
115
63

169
124
40
26
21

123
87
25
7
3

260
215
14
5

(4)

(4)

54
26
6
3

830
328
87
53
22

C.-Local governments
942 __________________
1913 __________________
1902 __________________
1
1890 __________________

6.301
936 I

942 __________________
1932
__________________
1913 __________________

234
876 1
,. 278

498

1902 __________________
1

635

171
138
61

667
415

249

251
102
71

166

143
112
! 84
1

2 I

571

(')

972

(2)
(4)

2.090
281 1

(1)

182
38
28

(2)

771

72
58
34

89
22
13
3

067 1
4. 658

42 __________________
19 02 _________________
7
19

2,266
325

578

249
69
66

501

212
38

141
90

303
1

547/
79

458

87
84

232
33
60
29 1
26
F.-City corporations 1
408
20

207/
26

219/
45

018 1
2. 224
186

491
99

37
28

1,801
176

825
3

84
39

81
11

1 Functional distribution not available for 1932, except for State and county
governments; statistics for certain types of government for 1913 and 1890, although included in totals, are not segregablefor separate presentation.
2 Included in schools; no separate data available.
I Includes unknown amounts of capital outlay which are not segregable.
4 Amounts, if any, contained in "Other."
I Less than 1 million dollars.

Series P 212-215.-STATE AND LOCAL GovERNMENT-FINANCIAL SUMMARY, TOWNSHIPS AND DISTRICTS:

1902

[ In millions of dollars

YEAR

Total
212

TO

Series

8~ I

81
21
13

(2)

33/

81
13

1942
Special
districts

213

214

215

2,271
2,060

,. 779 1
3441 1,610

General expenditure
1942 ___________
1932 ___________

2.0771

2,206

803
340

642 1
,.1,643

112
1223

Gross debt less sinking funds


1942 ___________
1932 ___________
1922 ___________
1912 ___________
1902 ___________

4,547
3,834
1,802
233
105

245
423
123
78
54

1,569
2,040
1,053
119
46

68
5

53
2

1
GENERAL EXPENDITURE

Net revenue

148
1132

216-223.-STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT-GRoss AND NET

GENERAL REVENUE

YEAR

318

(4)
(5)

(2)

[ In millions of dollars

School
districts

120
14
7

6 Omits incorporated places having less than 2,500 inhabitants, school districts
overlying such places, townships, and special districts.
7 City corporations include only cities having over 8,000 inhabitants or more;
all other cities are included in the estimated revenue and expenditure of "Other
local governments."
8 Includessmall amounts of hospital expenditure, which are not segregable.

Townships

61
45
6
2

(2)

1,522
87

GENERAL REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, STATE AND LoCAL GOVERN..,


MENTS: 1902 TO 1942

General revenue
1942 ___________
1932 ___________

50
6

171
20
10
55

(2)

G.-Other local governments (townships, school districts, and special districts)


42 ______ ___________
19 02
7_________________
19

~ I.." .~')...~-'

(5)
(l)

E.-Local governments other than counties (cities, townships, school districts, and special districts)
942 __________________
1913
6_________________
1902
__________________
1

193
80
4
4
12

3: I

(2)

220
139

614

20 I

33
' 3
2

8
8
2
1

3
2

63
71
31
53
30
3 1
D.-Counties

236
56
29

45
15

252

647

156
90
40

275
188
50
16
6

1942 _______
1932 _______
1913 _______
1902 _______
1
2

Gross
revenue

Less
duplication 1

Total

216

217

218

13,182
8,321
1,671
1,022

1,786
905
69
54

11,396
7,416
1,602
968

Gross
From
Aid from
expendiFederal State and ture 2
local
Gov't
sources
219
854
238
9
7

220

10,542
7,178
1,593
961

Less
Net
duplica-. expendition I
ture

- - - - - - - - ---221

11 ,873
9,235
1,838
1,070

223

222

1,839
829
87
54

Comprises duplicating State and local intergovernmental aid.


Excludes provision for debt retirement, which in 1942 amounted to 1,087 million dollars.

2,733
1,371
626
36
5

1 Includes townships of Missouri, South Carolina, and


Washington.
, Excludes provision for debt retirement.

315

10;034
8,406
1,751
1,016

Data: P224-234

GOVERNMENT

Series P 224-234.-STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT-STATE GOVERNMENTS, GENERAL


FUNCTIONAL EXPENDITURE: 1915 TO 1945
In millionllJ of dollars. Because of rounding, detail does not always add to total. Includes all expenditures susceptible of classification by
function; hence, excludes debt service and contributions to trust funds and to enterpr:Ses 1

Tota!

General
control

Public
safety

Highways

Sanitation
and health

Hospitals
and
institutions
for the
handicapped

Public
welfare

Correction

Schools

224

225

226

227

228

229

230

231

232

YEAR

Natural
resOl11'ceB

Other

23,(

233

A.-Total operation, aid, and capital outlay


1945 _______________ _
1944 _____________ _
1943 _____ _________ _
1942 _______________ _
1941. ______________ _

4,405
4,277
4,223
4,322
4,136

189
172
172
172
175

134
135
138
131
118

833
854
992
1,146
1,044

96
70
58
55
52

297
278
261
258
246

955
944
917
916
906

1940 ____ ~ __________ _


1939 _______________ _
1938 _______________ _
1937 _______________ _
1932 _______________ _

4,097
4,099
3,887
3,555
2,597

172
186
168
161
138

135
135
131
112
92

1,134
1,133
1,141
1,151
1,071

50
50
46
36
30

268
281
241
227
186

947
895
799
613
128

75
86

1927 _____________ __
1923 _______________ _
1919 _______________ _
1915 ________ ______ _

1,878

111
86
56
50

68
55
35
30

20
16
10
6

151

118
72
55

66
79
47
34

63
66
55
32

482
382
195

26

157

18

605
578

82
78
74
71
69

354
305
275
223

144
132
121
123
118

89

68
68 '
69
66
63

205
214
210
191
188

99
99
88
77
72

63
27
18

54
58
50
28

155
127
64

65
47
24
17

17
10

1,361
678
470

720
433
120
77 '

85
81
79
79
81
85
83

84

1,214
1,208
1,125
1,071
1,053
939
957
927
867
621

458
400
358

148
135
125
130
124

363

335

107

26.1
271
258
229
Hi6

110
97
83
79
72
53

125
74
68

11

B.-Operation
1945_______________ _
1944 ________ ______ _
1943 ____________ __ _
1942 _______________ _
1941. ______________ _

2,254
2,102
1,968
1,916
1,790

187
171
170
169
171

131
131
134
123
110

308
264
244
260
247

57
54
51

. 1940_______________ _
1939 _______________ _
1938 _______________ _
1937 _______________ _
1932 l ____________ __

1,745
1,803
1,649

1,474
1,057

163
173
157
155
124

120
121
118
102
87

243
276
257
248
214

46
47
43
34
26

804
656
399
269

108
80
53
45

64
53
34
26

146
90
38
11

18

1927
1923
1919
1915

1______________ _
1______________ _
1~ ____________ . __
1______________ _

95
69

14
9

287
267
243

556
526
499

233

210
204

523
519

198

451

192
183
141

391

124
102
67
49

64
76
43
31

124

354

48

60
59,
65
81
73

89

11

C.-Aid paid to' other governments

1945_______________ _
1944 _______________ _
1943 __________ ____ _
1942 _______________ _
1941 _______________ _

1,884
1,850
1,778
1,791
1,670

1940 _______________ _
1939 _______________ _
1938 _______________ _
1937 _______________ _
1932 _______________ _

1,627
1,537
1,543
1,369
764

1927 _______________ _
1923 _______________ _
1919 _______________ _
1915 _______________ _

302

349
366
360

308
332
359
231
8
6
6
4

569
353
209
110

335
298
317
302

846
839
801
770
794

389
405
3
2
2
2

6
6
5

678
677
682
643
408

420
372
346
221

229

(S)

170
68
45
12

(
(.)

887
1836,
'286 '
'278
'239
2
1
1
1

292
223
119
98

(5)
(.)

'181
, 176
, 184
'196
181
107
62
45
(')

D.-Capital outlay
1945 _______________ _
1944 _______________ _
1943 __ ____________ _
1942 _______________ _
~

1941. ______________ _
1940 _______________ _

266
324
477
614
676

1932 _______________ _

725
759
695
712
782

1927 _______________ _
1923 _______________ _
1919 _______________ _
1915 _______________ _

505
352
70
91

1939 _______________ _
1938 _______________ _
1937 _______________ _

2
1

3
4

4
8
8

222
281
416
526
566

10
11
18
25
36

14

7
8
7
6
5

556
559
567
601
635

4.

58
77
44
44
45

4.
2
1
4

404
275
37
64

2
2
1

27
16
5

2
3

3
4
9

13

11
6

1 Includes aid paid to other governments for functions other than highways and
schools.
1 Included in "Other" aid; amounts not segregable.
I Consists largely of State aid for unspecified purposes; BUch aid is locally expend-

316

1
1
2

"

"

able for any function.


, Less than 1 million dollars.
, Included in operation expenditure.

14

3
8
5
8
12

15
18
26
86

17
15
15
9
23

61
66
85
33
30

6
10
8
5

9
8
6
4.

35
32
12
11

4II
4.

7
5

9
7

6
2

6
5

6
6
6
16
7
S
1
1

Series P 235-249.-STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT-STATE TAX COLLECTIONS: 1915 TO 1945


[In mnIloD8 of doUars. Because of rounding, detail does not always add to total. Data include local shares of State collected taxes]
TOTAL

YEAR

Including
unemployment compensation

Excluding
unemployment compensation

235

236

General
sales, use,
and gross
receipts

Motor
vehicle
fuels sales

Tobacco
products
sales

Alcoholic
beverage
sales and
licenses

Motor
vehicle
and
operators'
licenses

237

238

239

240

241

INCOME

Total

Property

Death
and gift

Severance

Unemployment
compen-
sation 1

245

246

247

248

Individual Corporation

242

243

244

Other

249

1945 ______________
1944 ______________
1943 ______________
1942 ______________
194L _____________

5,603
5,425
5,132
5,015
4,507

4,349
4,105
3,961
3,939
3,606

776
721
671
633
575

696
685
776
942
913

145
160
141
131
106

368
322
335
312
272

414
413
414
451
434

810
762
633
518
422

357
316
293
249
225

453
446
340
269
197

276
247
259
271
268

136
114
109
112
118

83
71
75
62
53

1,254
1,319
1,172
1,076
901

648
608
547
504
445

1940 ______________
1939 ______________
1938 ______________
1937 ______________
1936 ______________

4,157
3,884
3,834
3,360
2,641

3,313
3,085
3,132
3,013
2,618

499
440
447
434
364

839
801
777
722
687

97
60
55
44

255
228
227
221
166

387
364
359
349
360

361
331
383
356
266

206
197
218
199
153

155
134
165
157
113

260
259
244
292
228

113
133
142
116
117

53
47
58
49
34

844
799
702
347
23

449
422
440
420
354

2,217
1,979
1,724
1,890
2,042

284
173
16
7
8

617
565
518
527
536

29
25
20
19
15

143
81
10
1
1

323
305
303
335
344

159
129
121
153
201

105
80
64
74
86

54
49
57
79
115

248
273
285
328
371

100
93
127
148
187

26 ----------21 ----------14 ----------19 ----------27 -----------

288
314
311
353
352

495
431
305
259
188

12

356
348
323
301
288

233
204
184
162
134

(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)

(3)
(8)
(8)
(3)

(8)

183
149
128
106
91

----------- - - - - - - -.- - - ----------- --------------------- -----------

(8)

345
350
381
370
376

482
469
436
409
388

261
226
189
152
65

103
101
93
98
50

(3)
(&)
(3)
(S)

(8)
(3)

(8)

(8)

359
352
353
348
237

86
79
75
66
46

15

(I)

(8)

186

29

1935 ______________
1934 ______________
1933 ______________
1932 ______________
193L _____________

---------------------------------------------------

1930 ______________
1929 ______________ ----------1928 ______________ ----------1927 ______________ ----------1926 ______________ -----------

2,108
1,951 ----------1,756 ----------1,608 ----------1,465 -----------

1925 ______________
1924 ______________ ----------1923 ______________ ----------1922 ______________ ----------1919 ______________ -----------

-----------

1,305
1,139
1,020
947
594

-----------

368

-----------

1915 ______________

54

--------------------- --------------------- --------------------- --------------------- ----------148 ----------- -------------------- 80


--------------------39 ----------- --------------------13 ----------- --------i4----------1 --------------------21
---------- - ---------- - --------------~------

--

349
301
272
271
182
115

t?:l

P>

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t'"I

o
o

P>

t'"I
Q

<1

t?:l

Represents net collections deposited in State clearing accounts.


, Includes revenue from following sources: Sales and gross receipts taxes on insurance companies, public
utilities, pari-mutuels, admissions and amusements, and soft drinks; licenses for corporations in general,
1

(&)
(')

----------- --------------------- --------------------- --------------------- --------------------- --------------------- --------------------- --------------------- -----------

r.n
1-3
P>
1-3

hunting and fishing, occupations, chain stores, and amusements and race tracks; and poll, documentary
stock transfer, and miscellaneous taxes.
I Segregation of individual and corporation income taxes not available.

~
t?:l

1-3

tj
~

!l:

0:1

......
...::J

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N
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(C

ti
$I)

Series P 250-264.-STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT-MAJOR CITIES, FINANCIAL SUMMARY: 1902 TO 1945
O:l

'"""

00

c-t$I)

[ Amounts in millions of dollars. Because of rounding, detail does not always add to total. Comprises combined totals for all cities having 100,000 inhabitants or more at the decennial census preceding the given date or,
for 1902, 1912, 1923, and 1927, estimated as having 100,000 inhabitants or more at the given date. Expenditures for operation and capital outlay, which are included in total expenditure, are shown by function
in series P 265-277 ]

~
N
:

GENERAL REVENUE

GENERAL EXPENDITURE

Selected classes
YEAR

Total

250

Property
taxes

Other
taxes 1

Aid received
from other
governments 1

Total

251

252

253

254

DEBT

BELATED DATA

Selected classes

Provision
for debt
retirement

Interest

Contributions to trust
funds and
enterprises

Gross

Gross less
sinking
funds

255

256

257

258

259

260

Ii'o>-

Total (general and


enterprise)

Total,
excluding
provision
for debt
retirement

Total
general
debt

261

Assessed
valuation

262

Number
of cities

Population

263

264

A.-City corporations only


1945 ___________
1944 ___________
1943 ___________
1942 ___________
194L __________

2,183
2,155
2,086
2,100
2,143

1,377
1,396
1,379
1,345
1,370

227
217
203
219
227

394
368
363
382
394

1940 ___________

2,035

1,297

206

394

2,166
.2,124
2,120
2,180
2,248

236
257
255
223
239

----------- -----------

1,930
1,868
1,865
1,956
2,009

111
120
130
137
140

185
160
162
159
143

6,411
6,524
6,811
7,105
7,283

5,249
5,424
5,727
6,062
6,211

3,087
3,247
3,465
3,742
3,925

1,996

4107

76

7,254

6,526

B.-City areas (city corporations and computed portions of overlying local governments)
1940 ___________
1939 ___________
1938 ___________
1937 ___________
i936 ___________

2,720
2,718
2,719
2,616
2,474

1,787
1,801
1,815
1,767
1,726

216
179
181
173
227

540
572
552
503
373

1935 ___________
1934 ___________
1933 ___________
1932 ___________
193L __________

2,528
2,329
2,149
2,239
2,444

1,758
1,698
1,612
1,719
1,876

198
141
107
122
137

420
330
273
181
150

1927 ___________
1923 ___________
1912 ___________
1902 ___________

2,136
1,484
605
293

1,598
1,128
428
214

134
89
57
35

94
77
26
13

.',

----------- - ---- - ---.- ----------- --------------------- --------------------- --------------------- --------------------- --------------------- --------------------- --------------------- --------------------- --------------------- --------------------- --------------------- --------------------- -----------

3,997

55,620

92

37,987,989

201
199
207
223
288

181
172
164
151
687

8,761
8,239
8,220
8,156
8,286

7,618
7,131
7,112
7,044
7,180 .

5,187
5,236
5,329
5,359
5,448

55,620
56,988
57,311
56,717
57,013

92
94
94
94
94

37,987,989
38,011,400
37,790,400
37,673,812
37,658,812

2,298
2,226
2,171
2,455
2,709

240
255
262
262
240

683
679
675
665
661

8,297
8,477
8,489
8,428
8,176

7,225
7,387
7,426
7,377
7,130

5,583
5,797
5,872
5,823
5,469

56,328
57,296
60,778
66,187
71 ,252

94
94
94
94
94

37,625,812
37,585,812
37,481,612
37,734,912
37,089,912

2,458
1,653
672
330

235
144
69
38

641
627
09

6,905
4,813
2,453
1,060

5,390
3,707
1,943
812

5,745
3,485
1,703
8609

62,526
44,444
25,338
12,072

88
76
56
38

33,622,435
29,947,127
22,095,915
15,007,940

For 1937 and later years, local shares of State-administered taxes are classified as State aid and the
cities' shares of such taxes are included in aid received; for 1936 and earlier years, local shares of State
taxes are classified as local tax revenue, and the cities' shares are included in "Other taxes"
2 Data not available; for cities having 250,000 inhabitants or more, assessed valuation amounted to 45.1
billion dollars in 1942; 46.6 billion dollars in 1943; 49.4 billion dollars in 1944; and 49.7 billion dollars in
1945.
I 1940 population; no later data available.
4 Restricted to interest payments from general funds; omits payments from sinking funds.
1

337,987,989
337,987,989
Z 37,987,989
337,987,989
s 37,987,989

2,745
2,784
2,752
2,620
2,432

55,654
55,337

92
92
92
92
92

(2)
(2)
(2)

---

---

------~--

(7)
--~--

--------------

--------

- - - -------.:..-----

Finances of overlying school and other special districts prorated according to the ratio of the part of
the assessed valuation of the overlying unit within the city area to the total valuation of the overlying unit.
County finances prorated only for counties overlying cities having 300,000 inhabitants or more.
S Amounts originally reported as retirement benefits to public employees.
7 Data not available.
8 Segregation between general and, enterprise debt estimated according to the ratio of total general debt
to total gross debt for the fiscal year 1904.
S

<:
i:Ij
~

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t-3

Series P 265-277.-STATE AND LOCAL GOV'T-MAJOR CITIES, GENERAL FUNCTIONAL EXPENDITURE: 1902 TO 1945
[ In millions of dollars. Because of rounding, detail does not always add to total. Comprises combined totals for all cities having 100,000 inhabitants or more at the decennial census preceding the given date or, for
1902, 1912, 1923, and 1927, estimated as having 100,000 inhabitants or more at the given date]

Total

General
control

Public
safety

Highways

Sanitation

Health

Hospitals

Public
welfare

Correction

Schools

Libraries

Recreation

Other

265

266

267

268

269

270

271

272

273

274

275

276

277

YEAR

A.-Operatiop for city corporations only


1945 ____________
1944 ____________
1943 ____________
1942 ____________
194L ___________
1940 ____________

1,558
1,521
1,491
1,528
1,535
1,535

136
131
125
126
124
124

106
97
94
94
97
96

376
371
366
359
346
342

138
133
129
30
28
27

128
120
111
108
103
103

106
104
195
94
93
84

159
162
184
232
268
302

17
17
17
17
17
15

364
365
362
2364
2358
2351

B.-Operation for city areas (city corporations and computed portions of overlying local governments)
1940 ____________
1939 ____________
1938 ____________
1937 ____________
1936 ____________
1935 ____________
1934 ~ ___________
1933 ____________
1932 ____________
193L ___________
1927 __________
1923 ____________
1912 ____________
1902 ____________
~_

25
23
22
21
21
21

64
58
53
55
53

41
39
33
27
26
16

54

2,013
2,02.5
2,004
1,873
1,762

169
167
163
160
154

351
345
347
330
327

109
116
112
106
109

108
108
107
100
98

31
31
30
28
17

111
106
105
98
95

367
384
381
332
277

22
23
22.
21
20

631
630
625
596
572

26
26
26
24
21

66
66
65
58
52

23
23
22
20
18

1,715
1,666
1,652
1,741
1,780

146
142
149
157
168

304
295
295
325
346

111
111
111
128
149

94
92
100
118
125

25
28
26
28
30

83
79
75
80
81

278
288
238
177
120

20
19
19
20
21

546
527
542
607
632

21
20
20
22
24

48
48
60
63
67

39
16
18
18
18

1,429
1,069
414
221

139
107
52
28

291
218
97
57

131
96
47
26

116
84
35
15

25
14

53
43
10
5

49
36
14
7

18
14
6
3

519
394
116
58

19
13
5
2

52
37
17
12

17
13
7
3

rn

:>
~
t%j

:>

zI:j

72
64
75
131
191
6278

2
2
1
5
17
(6)

(6)

5
5
6
10
13

(6)

27
25
32
51
71

(6)

15
16
13
21
26

(5)
(6)

(4)

(4)
(4)
(4)

(4)
(4)
(4)

(6)

7
10

(4)

(4)
(4)

(4)

(4)

(5)

(5)
(6)

(6)

o
o

C.-Capital outlay for city corporations only


1945 ____________
1944 ___________ :..
1943 ____________
1942 ____________
194L ___________
1940 ____________

o
o
:>

1
1

(6)

(4)
(4)
(4)

6
5
8
17
26

(0)

1
1

(6)

7
5
6
13
21

(6)

10
6
8
5
4

<:
t%j
;d

t%j

D.-Capital outlay for city areas (city corporations and computed portions of overlying local governments)

1940 ____________
1939 ____________
1938 ____________
1931- ___________
1936 ____________

350
388
377
873
295

16
17
21
11
4

11
14
14
14
13

132
156
147
119
94

48
61
64
69
57

1
1
1
1
5

20
13
12
20
11

1
1
1
1
2

2
1
1
2
1

59
87
79
82
78

2
3
2
1
4

51
31
29
48
23

5
4
5
4
2

1935 ____________
1934 ____________
1933 ____________
1932 ____________
193L ___________

260
226
182
387
628

5
9
5
13
21

10
9
7
13
19

73
88
90
161
264

47
42
25
50
81

2
1
1
2
7

7
6
9

~6

1
1
1
3
4

1
2
1
5
8

36
17
25
74
128

3
3
2
5
7

13
43
15
42
68

61
6
1
2
3

1927 ____________
1923 ____________
1912 ____________
1902 ____________

753
413
180

24
7
5
2

24
12
7
3

330
153
81
739

125
62
26

4
5
2

14
6
6

3
1
1
92

3
2
1

153
132
81
10 14

7
4
2

58
27
18

8
2
2

71

(7)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

11

(8)

t:l
ll:I

cT

Segregation between health and hospitals estimat~d for cities having from 100,000 to 250,000 inhabitants.
2 Revised to exclude expenditureS of schools in Birmingham and San Francisco, which were reclassified
as independent school districts in 1943.
'Expenditure of each overlying school and other special district prorated according to the ratio of the
part of the assessed valuation ('If the overlying unit within the city area to the total assessed valuation of
the overlying unit. County expenditure similarly prorated only for comities overlying cities having 300,000
inhabitants or more.
1

0:>

.......
co

Included in "other"; data not available.


6 Less than 1 million dollars.
6 Segregation by function not available.
7 Highways include sanitation and health
8 No data available.
9 Public welfare includes correction.
10 Schools include libraries.

"'e
N
Q':l

~"'I
"'I

Appendix I. Monthly and Quarterly Indicators of Business Conditions (Series App. 1-30)
The monthly and quarterly series presented here were ~Iectd
on account of their length and their general economic significance.
This appendix presents a chronology 01 business cycles, and a
collection of monthly and quarterly series covering a wide range of The shortest series, those on personal income, consist of two segments; series App. 2 beginning in 1921, and series App. 1, beginning
economic activities that bear, for the most part, a regular relation
in 1929. It will be noted that there are a number of such pairs of
to business cycles. The business-cycle chronology shown in text
roughly equivalent series. Several years of overlapping data are
table 1 gives dates of peaks and troughs in business activity on a
given in each case. The series refer, for the most part, to rather
monthly, quarterly, and annual basis, as determined by the Nabroad aggregates that summarize various aspects of business
tional Bureau of Economic Research. Chapter 4 of the source
activity. Students of business fluctuations who wish to follow the
volume gives an explanation of the method of deriving the dates
course of events in some detail, or whose interest is centered on a
and certain tests of their dependability. including comparisons
limited sector of activity, will find that the present collection of
with chronologies presented by other authors.
,series serves their purposes inadequately. There is, of course,' a
TABLE 1.-DA1'ES OF PEAKS AND TROUGHS OF BUSINESS CYCLES considerably larger body of monthly or quarterly series in existence on which they can draw. For example, monthly or quarterly
IN THE UNITED STATES: 1834 TO 1938
series on orders for railway equipment, building permits in M~m
[Source: Burns, Arthur F., and Mitchell, Wesley C., Mea8uring BU8inee8 Cycle8,
hattan, incorporations of' business enterprises in certain States,
National Bureau of Economic Research, table 16, 1946J
issues of corporate securities, trading activity on the New york
Stock Exchange, loans and deposits of national banks (call dates),
FISCAL YEAR 1
MONTHLY
QUARTERLY
CALENDAR YEAR
as well as general indexes such as Edwin'Frickey's "standard patTrough
Peak
Peak Trough Peak Trough Peak Trough
-----------tern," can be used to expand the selection presented here for earlier
1834 -------- ----------------- --------- - -------- -------- -------years. Furthermore, some of the series may be extended backof
1836
1838 -------- ----------------- --------- - ------- - -------- 1839
1843 -------- ----------------- --------- - ------- - -------- 1845
1850, or rough equivalents found. Recourse may be had,also',to
1846 -------- ----------------- --------- - ------- - -------- 1847
1848
-------- -------- data available only in annual form. However" the limitations of
---------- --------- - ------- - -------annual data for historical studies of cyclical movements, as well as
_ Dec. 1854 ------- _ 4Q 1854 1853
1855 -------- ---------------June
1857 Dec. 1858 2Q 1857 4Q 1858
1856
1858 -------- ---"----for
the purpose of keeping one abreast of current business condiOct. 1860 June 1861 3Q 1860 3Q 1861 1860
1861 ------ -- -------Apr. 1865 Dec. 1867 1Q 1865 1Q 1868 1864
1868
tions, must be kept in mind (cj. Measuring Business Cycles,
1867 - - - - - - -June 1869 Dec. 1870 2Q 1869 4Q 1870 1869
.1870
1869
1871
chapter 6).
Oct. 1873 Mar. 1879 3Q 1873 1Q 1879
1873
1878
1873
1878
For recent years the analyst may wish to expand the selection
1885
1882
1885
Mar. 1882 May 1885 1Q 1882 2Q 1885 1882
Mar. 1887 Apr. 1888 2Q 1887 lQ 1888 1887
1888
1887
1888
presented
here by breaking down the aggregates in various ways.
July 1890 May 1891 3Q 1890 2Q 1891 1890
1891
1890
1891
1894
Also, he is sure to find very useful the quarterly record of gross
Jan. 1893 June 1894 1Q1893 2Q 1894 1892
1894
1893
national product and its main components; the monthly data on
1897
Dec. 1895 June 1897 4Q 1895 2Q 1897 1895
1896
1896
1900
1901
June 1899 Dec. 1900' 3Q 1899 4Q 1900 1899
1900
nonagricultural
employment and unemployment, on retail and
1903
1904
Sept. 1902 Aug. 1904 4Q 1902 3Q 1904 1903
1904
May 1907 June 1908 2Q 1907 2Q 1908 1907
wholesale sales and inventories, on new orders, sales, and. inven1908
1907
1908
Jan. 1910 Jan. 1912 1Q 1910 4Q 1911 1910
1910
1911
1911
tories of ma.nufacturers; and on governmental finance, banking
1913
1915
Jan. 1913 Dec. 1914 1Q 1913 4Q 1914 1913
1914
and credit, commodity prices, and the labor market.
Aug. 1918 Apr. 1919 3Q 1918 2Q 1919
1918
1919
1918
1919
1921
1920
1922
Jan. 1920 July 1921 2 1Q 1920 3Q 1921 1920
Lists or collections of monthly or quarterly series can be obtained
May 1923 July 1924 2Q 1923 3Q 1924 1923
1924
1924
1923
Oct. 1926 Nov. 1927 2 3Q 1926 4Q 1927 1926
1927
1927
1928
by consulting various historical studies of business fluctuations
and the following sources:
1932
1929
1933
June 1929 Mar. 1933 2Q 1929 1Q 1933 1929
May 1937 June 1938 2 2Q 1937 2Q 1938 1937
1937
1938
1939
Department of Commerce, Survey oj Current Business
(monthly). See current and early issues.
1 Years ending June 30.
Department of Commerce, Statistical Abstract oj the
, Revised by National Bureau of Economic Research. See text.
United States (annually). See "Bibliography of Sources
of Statistical Data" in 1947 edition.
.
The dates are tentative and subject to revision, especially in the
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System,
early years. Several of the trough dates have recently been revised:
Federal Reserve Bulletin (monthly). See current and
early issues.
From September to July 1921, from December to November 1927,
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System,
and from May to June 1938. No comprehensive revision, as conBanking and ]}! onetary Statistics, 1943.
templated in the source volume (p. 95), has yet been undertaken;
N ationa.l Industrial Conference Board, The Economic
nor has the chronology been extended beyond 1938. Revision is
Almanac for 1948, 1947.
Burns, Arthur F., and Mitchell, Wesley C., Statistical
fairly certain to shift many dates by a month or two or three; some
Indicators oj Cyclical Revivals, Bulletin 69, National Burmay be shifted 6 months or even more. For example, the peak in
eau of Economic Research, 1938.
1899 is probably predated several months, and there is considerable
Hauser, Philip M., arid Leonard, William R., Governuncertainty concerning the cyclical turns just after the close of the
ment Statistics j01' Business Use, John Wiley, 1946.
Civil War. In general, the recent dates are more dependable than
Davenport, Donald H., and Scott, Frances V., An
Index to Busine8s Indices, Business Publications, Inc.,
the early ones, the annual than the monthly dates; 'and the calen.1937.
dar-year than the fiscal-year dates. Note, however, that the annual
Government Statistics Bureau of Washington, D. C.,
and quarterly dates have been forced to correspond with the
The Handbook oj Basic Economic Statistics, 1947.
monthly (except in the period not covered by the latter), but the
Schmeckebier, Laurence F., The Statistical Work oj the
National Government, Johns Hopkins, 1925.
qu~rters and years are not necessarily the same as those in which
J oint Committee on the Economic Report, 80th Conthe monthly turns occur; independent dating on the' basis of
gress, 2d Session, Economic Indicators, issues of May and
annual data alone would probably yield fewer cycles (but see
June 1948. Prepared by Council of Economic Advisers,
chap. 6, especially pp. 261-2, of the source volume).
Executive Office of the President.
NOTE: This appendix was prepared by Geoffrey H. Moore, National Bureau of Economic Research. In transmitting the manuscript, Mr Moore stated: "In prepar.jng this chapter I have had the expert assistance of several members of the staff of the National Bureau of Economic Research. I am especially indebted to Arthur F.
Burns for his critical advice on selection of series, and to Millard Hastay for preparing a number of the descriptive notes. I;Ianna Stern was mainly responsible for
compiling the data and verifying sources. The F. W.,Dodge Corporation and Business Statistics Organization, Inc., have kindly -given permission to publish certain
of their series."
General Note: Series App. 1-30

320

GENERAL NOTE
The series in this appendix are confined to those which have
moved in rather close harmony with the ebb and flow of general
business activity, though not without some characteristic differences in timing. No data are presented;for example, on marketings
of farm products, which have shown fluctuations largely independent of business cycles. Contrary to common belief, exports
are not always closely related to general business activity; indeed
the connection was very slight before 1914. Export series App. 19
has been included mainly because it is convenient to have data on
. exports side by side with imports.
A word of caution is necessary regarding the use of the series
for historical comparisons. The presentation of data in a continuous series does not necessarily imply that their content has remained unchanged. For example, makers of index numbers must
use wha.t data are available; as the scope of available data changes,
the content of their indexes often changes as well. That is one
reason why so few general indexes are included here. Furthermore,
though the composition may formally remain the same, methods
of estimation may vary; see, for example, the description of the
early series on railroad freight ton-miles (series App. 12). Finally,
the economic significance of well-defined activities may va1"y over
time. As carriers of freight, the railroads gradually superseded
wagons and waterways; but more recently trucks, pipelines, and
aircraft have encroached upon railway traffic. With these changes,
railroad freight ton-miles first became more representative of the
freight traffic of the Nation, then less. In describing the series, an
attempt has been made to indicate formal changes in content and
method of estimation. But the descriptions are incomplete; and
the user of the statistics must be on his guard lest his comparisons
are vitiated by shifts in the relationship of the data to the magnitudes that concern him.
DESCRIPTION OF SERIES

CAppo 1-30)

App. 1. Personal income (Department of Commerce), monthly,


1929-1945. SOURCE: Compiled by the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce.' For 1929-1943, see National Income Supplement to Survey of Current Business, July 1947; for 1944-1945, see
Survey of Current Business, July 1948. Seasonal adjustment is by
the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. For annual data,
1929-1945, see series A 134.
This series measures the current income received by persons
from all sources, including income in kind. Not only individuals,
but nonprofit institutions and private pension, welfare, and trust
funds, are classified as "persons. "Personal income is measured as
the sum of wage and salary receipts, other labor income, proprietors' and rental net income, interest and dividends, and transfer payments for which no services are rendered currently, such
as relief payments, old age pensions, corporate gifts to nonprofit
institutions, and individuals' bad debts to business. Among the
items of income in kind included are military income in kind, food
and fuel produced and consumed on farms, imputed net rent on
owner-occupied dwellings, and imputed interest. Certain elements
of current income, such as employee contributions for social insurance and the excess of wage accruals over disbursements, are excluded because they are not subject to disposal by the individual.
Personal income may be larger or smaller than national income,
but has a large element in common with it, and it is the largest
component of national income available on a monthly basis. To
arrive at national income as computed by the Department of Commerce, it is necessary to add to personal income undistributed
corporate profits exclusive of inventory profits, corporate profits,
taxes, contributions to social insurance funds, and the excess of
wage accruals over disbursements; and to subtract transfer 'payments and net interest paid by government.
The Department of Commerce publishes certain components of
personal income, such as wage and salary receipts and nonagricultural income, in seasonally-adjusted monthly form. Quarterly

Text: App. 1-30

data, seasonally-adjusted and unadjusted, are published for total


personal income and disposable income (personal income less personal tax and nontax payments to government), as well as for
national income and gross national product. The personal income
estimates are somewhat larger than the formerly published series
on income payments, principally because of the inclusion in personal income of net imputed rent on owner-occupied dwellings
and military income in kind.
App. 2. Personal income (Barger), quarterly, 1921-1931. SOURCE:
Furnished by the National Bureau of Economic Research, and
based on data given by Barger, Harold, Outlay and Income in the
United States, 1921-38, National Bureau of Economic Research,
New York, 1942, and Kuznets, Simon, National Income and its
Composition, 1919-38, volume I, NBER, 1941.
Certain of Barger's quarterly income series were combined with
quarterly interpolations of several of Kuzp.ets' annual series to
obtain a total conforming approximately to the Department of
Commerce concept of personal income (series App. 1). The total
was derived in seasonally adjusted form only. The components
are as follows (table numbers refer to source volumes):
1. Salaries and wages in all private industry and net income
of farm operators and proprietors in service and miscellaneous
industries. This is Barger's "short-term income" (table 18).
2. Interest payments by private industry and net rentals
paid to individuals. This is Barger's "long-term income"
(table 18).
'
3. Income distributed by government: Wages, salaries,
pensions, relief payments, and long-term interest (Barger,
table 18).
.
4. Entrepreneurial net income (withdrawals plus net savings) except in agriculture, service, and miscellaneous industries (see item 1, above). Kuznets' annual data (tables 46,52)
were interpolated by a moving average.
5. Dividend payments. Kuznets' annual data (table 54)
were interpolated by the Journal of Commerce monthly series on dividend payments and smoothed by a moving average.
6. Dividend and interest payments from abroad. Kuznets'
annual data (table 57) were interpolated by a moving average.

Owing to the sparsity of quarterly data before 1929 the methods


of estimation used for many of the components are necessarily
crude and the resulting aggregates can be considered only rough
approximations. Over half of the total is derived through a moving
average graduation of annual data. Although for the most part
the components covered by such graduation are more stable than
the rest, hence subject to smaller errors of estimate, the method
is nevertheless likely to impart certain smoothing biases to the
total. For detailed descriptions of the methods of estimation used
by Barger and by Kuznetsand tests of the dependability of the
results, see the sources cited.
App. 3. Index of factory employment (Bureau of Labor Statistics), . monthly, 1919-1945. SOURCE: Original data compiled by
Bureau of Labor Statistics and published as follows: For 19191939, see Employment and Pay Rolls, December 1940; for 19391945, see Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings-All
Manufacturing Industries, mimeographed release LS48-8596 (6-48).
Seasonally adjusted data are from the Board of Governors of the
Federal Reserve System, Federal Reserve Bulletin, various issues
beginning October 1938. For related annual and decennial data on
factory employment, see series D 51 and D 69.
The index on the 1923-1925 base presented here through 1939
was compiled from reports of establishments representing 13
manufacturing industries 1919-1922, 43 to 64 industries 192,31930 and 92 industries beginning in 1932 (see Bureau of Labor
Statistics Bulletin 610). However, the index is adjusted to levels
indicated by the biennial Census of Manufactures for all manufacturing industries, 1919 through 1939. It is available through
September 1942. The seasonal adjustment of the index, which is
accomplished by prior adjustment of the component industry indexes, is described in the Federal Reserve Bulletin for October
1938 and October 1939.

321

Text: App. 3-5

MONTHLY AND QUARTERLY INDICATORS

The index on the 1939 base presented here for the years 1939
through 1945 covers a substantially larger number of manufacturing industries (154) and has been adjusted to levels indicated by
Social Security records through 1945.

Manufactures (58.4):
Butter; cattle and hog slaughter; sheep slaughter (until December 1921); flour; sugar meltings; cotton takings (later
cotton consumption); knit underwear; wool consumption;
wool carding and combing machine activity; silk imports
(later silk deliveries); silk broad looms activity; rubber im,ports (later pneumatic tires); passenger automobiles;
trucks; coke; gasoline; gas and fuel oil; pig iron; steel ingots;
paper; newsprint consumption; newspaper and magazine
advertising; cement; boots and shoes; tobacco revenues
(later cigars; cigarettes; smoking tobacco until December
1921).
Minerals (12.3):
Anthracite and bituminous coal; petroleum; natural gas; iron
ore shipments (later ore carloadings); copper; lead; zinc.
Agricultural marketings (2.2):
Receipts of wheat, corn, oats, cotton, cattle, hogs, sheep and
lambs, poultry, eggs; car.Ioadings of apples, oranges, potatoes.
Building and construction contracts (9.6).
Railway freight revenue ton.:.miles (11.9).
Foreign trade (2.1):
Physical volume of exports and imports.
Ele.ctric power production (3.5).

App. 4. Index of factory employment (Jerome), monthly, 18891923. SOURCE: Original data are from Jerome, Harry, Migration
and Business Cycles, National Bureau of Economic Research,
1926, p. 248. Seasonal adjustment is by the National Bureau of
Economic Research. A trend-adjusted version, with slightly different seasonal adjustment, is given by Jerome, p. 249 of the source
volume.
For 1889-1894 the index is based on Massachusetts data; for
1895-1903, on statistics for Massachusetts and New Jersey; for
1904-1919, on data for Massachusetts, New Jersey, and New
York; and for 1920-1923, on series for Massachusetts and New
York only, since the New Jersey data cease to be available. To
weld the State series into a single continuous index, Census of
Manufactures statistics of wage earners employed in each of the
three States in the years 1899, 1904, 1909, 1914, 1919; and 1921
were first adjusted for variations in coverage; these adjustments
were aimed principally at excluding workers in the hand and
neighborhood industries from the 1899 census since in subsequent
Series on consumption, shipments, and other activities not
censuses onlyfa,ctory workers were counted. Next, monthly esti- strictly classifiable as production are treated as indirect measures
mates of the number employed in factories in each of the three of related productive activities. To the same end, moving averages
States were made by using directly the monthly Census of Manu- are used for building contracts, silk imports, rubber imports, and
factures' data for the given State in census years and interpolating cotton takings because such averages were considered more suitbetween these years by means of indexes constructed from the able than the original data for series whose movements anticipate
available employment and unemployment (inverted) data for the the phase of activity they are intended to represent. All series used
given State.
are in terms of physical volume or constant dollar magnitudes.
The separate State estimates were then added together and Where possible, adjustments were made for variations in number
converted to an index on the 1914 base, allowance being made for of working days per month by reducing the series to a daily averchanges in the number of States covered by splicing on the basis age basis.
of overlapping standings in January of the years in which States
The seasonal adjustment of the index is accomplished by the
were added to or dropped from the index. Further details on the prior adjustment of each series individually. The adjusted series
method of deriving the State estimates are given in the source.
are combined in an aggregative index using value-added weights.
The representativeness of Jerome's index can be tested at quin- Where possible, value-added weights have been taken from the
qu.ennial dates 1899-1919 and biennially 1919-1923 by compar- Census of Manufactures; in other cases they have been estimated
ison with Fabricant's annual index of wage earners employed in by the Babson organization. The sum of the weights, 29.1 billion
manufacturing, which in census years is based on adjusted Census dollars per year in 1923-27 including direct and indirect represenof Manufactures'data for the United States (see Fabricant, Solo- tation, is about 40 percent of total national income, exclusive of
mon, Employment in Manufacturing, 1899-1939, National Bureau income originating in agriculture, in the same period.
of Economic Research, 1942, p. 331). The ratio of Jerome's index
To allow for changes through time in the relative importance of
to Fabricant's (both on a 1914 base) is 0.974 in 1899, 1.004 in different series, two index numbers have been computed for each
1904, 0.987 in 1909, 1.000 in 1914, 0.933 in 1919, 0.993 in 1921, month over most of the period considered, one using value-added
and 0.896 in 1923. These ratios suggest that the trends in Jerome's weights of the period 1923-1927, the other using value-added
index and in the country-wide totals are roughly the same; and weights of the most nearly contemporaneous census year. Thus
further, since 1904, 1914, and 1921 were years of low employment 1909 is used as an alternative weighting base for 1905-1911, 1914
while the remaining census years were years of average or high for 1912-1916, and 1919 for 1917-1920. In these years the final
employment, that the relative amplitude of fluctuation indicated index number for a given month is the geometric average of the
by Jerome's index is somewhat smaller than that for the country two indexes computed with standard and alternative weights.
as a whole.
Comparison of annual averages of Babson's production index
Essentially similar results emerge from comparisons with Fab- with Fabricant's annual index (see series J 13) of physical output
ricant's index for intercensal years and with Edwin Frickey's of manufactures (The Output of Manufacturing Industries, 1899quarterly index of manufacturing employment (1889-1914), both 1937, p. 44) shows close agreement in trend and year-to-year direcof which are based only in part on the data used by Jerome. Frick- tion of movement. Fabricant's index, however, shows greater
ey's index is charted in his Economic Fluctuations in the United relative amplitude of fluctuation, presumably because it is conStates (Harvard, 1942), p. 215.
fined to manufacturing output; annual ratios of Babson's index
App. 5. Index of the physical volume of business activity (Bab. to Fabricant's tend to rise during periods of declining production
son), monthly, 1905-1922. SOURCE: Furnished by Babson's Sta- and to fall during periods of rising production through a range of
tistical Organization, Inc. (now Business Statistics Organization,
about 15 percent of their average level.
A further comparison can be made on a monthly basis with
Inc.). This series is a seasonally adjusted index of the physical volume of commercial and industrial production inclusive of agricul- Ayres' index of the physical volume of manufacturing production,
tural marketing and processing but exclusive of agricultural pro- 1899-1918. This index is described (Ayres, Turning Points in Busiduction proper. Over the period 1905-1922 the coverage ranges ness Cycles, p. 202) as a monthly interpolation of Thomas' annual
from 26 series in 6 major groups in 1905 to 53 series in the same 6 index of manufacturing output (Federal Reserve Bulletin, Jan. 1931,
groups plus electric power in 1922. The main groups and their p. 46), and is the sum of a durables component and a nondura~es
components (the components in 1905 are in italics), and the per- component. The broad movements of this series agree closely with
those of Babson's index, though a study of annual ratios of the
centage weights of the groups at tbe close of 1922, are as follows:
322

DESCRIPTION OF SERIES

Text: Apr 5-12

two indexes reveals a sImilar but weaker tendency for Ayres' inThe series is computed by. multiplying the weight of a shipment
dex to fluctuate more widely than Babson's, the ratios varying in tons by the number of miles over which it moves, and summing
such products for all shipments of revenue freight carried by all
through a range of about 10 percent of their average level.
While the Babson index is based on a broader concept of pro- Class I railways, excluding switching and terminal companies. A
duction than the Federal Reserve index of industrial production monthly series on total net ton-miles, which includes movement
(series App. 6), which is limited to mining and manufacturing, of railway materials and supplies (in freight trains) in addition to
the two indexes resemble one another closely in 1919-1922. An revenue freight, is available earlier (1907-1914, 1916-1917 from
extension of the index back to 1870 (monthly) based on fewer the American Railway Association; beginning 1918 from the Inseries is available, and the Babson organization has also carried terstate Commerce Commission). Total net ton-miles are about
10 percent larger than revenue ton-miles; changes in the two have
the index forward to date.
been
closely proportionate since 1920. A number of other series
App. 6-9. Indexes of industrial production, durable manufactures, nondurable manufactures, and minerals, monthly, 1919- of railway statistics are useful as business indicators: Gross and
1945. SOURCE: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. net earnings, freight tons originated, freight carloadings, passenThrough July 1942, see Federal Reserve Index of Industrial Pro- ger-miles, orders for railway equipment (note also series App. 26
duction, October 1943; for August 1942-1945, see Federal Reserve and 29.) For an analysis of railway traffic in relation to business
Bulletin, November 1943 and following issues. Indexes for durable activity see Hultgren, Thor, "Railway Freight Traffic in Prosand nondurable manufactures without seasonal adjustment are perity and Depression," and "Railroad Travel and the State of
not available for 1919-1922. For the Federal Reserve annual Business," Occasional Papers 5 and 13, National Bureau of Ecoindexes on total manufactures, durable and nondurable manu- nomic Research, New York, 1942 and 1943.
App. 12. Railroad freight ton-miles (Babson), monthly, 1866factures, and mineral production, see series J 30, J 31, J38, and
1922. SOURCE: Furnished by Babson's Statistical. Organization,
G 6.
The index of industrial production comprises mining and manu- Inc. (now Business Statistics Organization, Inc.).
For 1866-1879 monthly data on gross earnings of 12 to 15 railfacturing production. Based on about 50 series in 1919-1922 the
coverage was substantially increased beginning 1923 and again roads were seasonally adjusted and converted to ton-miles by
beginning 1939. Currently the index includes about 100 series dis- multiplying by annual ratios (interpolated monthly) of ton-miles
tributed among 16 manufacturing and 2 mining industry groups. of all railroads (revenue plus nonrevenue freight) to gross earnings
Some of the individual series are based on statistics of monthly of the selected roads. The annual ton-mile estimates for all roads
output while others relate to consumption or shipments of mater- are those of Snyder, Carl, Business Cycles and Business Measureials, machinery-hours active, or man-hours worked. Statistics of ments, p. 238, which in turn are based on Poor's data (Manual of
man-hours worked are adjusted to allow for broad changes. in out- Railroads) .ror 13 roads.
put per man-hour, and many of the other series are adjusted to
For 1879-1890 monthly gross earnings data were compiled for
more accurate physical volume figures not available monthly. All 24 to 27 railroads, estimated to carry 50 percent of the total traffic.
principal mining and manufacturing industries are represented in Then for 1879-1883 the earnings were converted to ton-miles by
the index.
.
the method indicated above. For 1883-1890 the earnings were
The series are adjusted for variations in the number of working multiplied by constant raising factors (1883-1886, 1.4; 1886-1890,
days per month and for seasonal variation before being combined 1.3857, representing the average ratio of freight revenue of all
into indexes. The indexes are of the aggregative type; the weights railroads (Poor's) to the gross revenue of the sample roads, and the
applied are based on value of minerals and value added by manu- resulting estimated freight revenue was deflated by annual revenue
facture, 1923 values being used before 1929 (except that 1923-1925 per ton-mile (Poor's) interpolated monthly. For 1890-1909 the
average values are used for minerals 1919-1922) and 1937 values coverage of the mon'thly gross earnings data was about the same
(50-55 percent) and the same method of converting to ton-miles
since.
was
used, the raising factors (1890-1902, 1.321; 1902-1909, 1.253)
For further details on the composition and construction of the
index see the Federal Reserve Bulletin, October 1943, and the arti- being based on annual Interstate Commerce Commission data for
cles cited therein; also Garfield, Frank R., "Measurement of In- total freight revenue and revenue per ton-mile for all railroads.
dustrial Production since 1939," Journal of the American Statis- For 1910-1914 the estimates are based on monthly ton-miles
(revenue and nonrevenue freight) compiled by the American Railtical Association, December 1944.
way Association, raised to represent the annual ton-miles (revenue
App. 10. Pig iron production, monthly, 1877-1945. SOURCE: For freight) of Class I steam railways as reported by the Interstate
1877-1921, see Macaulay, Frederick R., The Movements of Interest Commerce Commission. For 1914-1916, the monthly freight
Rates, Bond Yields and Siock Prices in the United States Since revenue of Class I steam railways, Interstate Commerce Commis1856, National Bureau of Economic Research, 1938, table 27; for sion, was divided by the monthly-interpolated annual revenue per
1922-1945, see Iron Age, monthly issues. Seasonal adjustment by ton-mile. For 1916-1919 the monthly revenue and nonrevenue
National Bureau of Economic Research, available through 1938 ton-miles compiled by the Bureau of Railway Economics were reonly. For related annual data on pig iron production, see series duced to represent revenue ton-miles. From 1919 (sic, 1920) the
G 96-98.
Interstate Commerce Commission data for revenue ton-miles
Data are expressed as daily averages, obtained by dividing by (series App. 11) are used, adjusted for seasonal variation by Babthe number of calendar days in the month. The figures do not in- son. Though available, we do not present the Babson series beyond
clude charcoal pig iron (except for small quantities included after 1922; throughout the period presented the series is a 2-month
1941), or pig iron made in electric furnaces. Monthly figures for moving average of seasonally adjusted data, placed in the second
1877-Beptember 1901 were estimated from weekly capacity of month.
furnaces in blast. The series is available in smoothed and trendThe variety of methods used in constructing this series was dicadjusted form, 1877-1929, in Macaulay'S volume.
tated by the availability of data. The method of deflating by
App. 11. Railroad freight ton-miles (Interstate Commerce Com- interpolated frejght revenue per ton-mile was based on the conmission), monthly, 1920-1945. SOURCE: Original data from Revenue sideration that the movements in freight revenue per ton-mile are
Traffic Statistics of Class I Steam Railways in the United States, relatively gradual except when there are general changes in freight
Interstate Commerce Commission, monthly issues. Seasonal ad- rates. Furthermore, the proportion of freight to total revenue has
justment by the National Bureau of Economic Research. For been large and fairly stable; from 1891 to 1909 the proportion,
based on annual Interstate Commerce Commission data, varied
related annual data, see series K 43-59.
323

Text: App. 12-17

MONTHLY AND QUARTERLY INDICATORS

from 66 to 71 percent. Comparison of the Babson gross earnings I month; for March 1872-December 1878 they include gold exseries (1870-1909) with the independently derived monthly series changes. For 1875-1878 the outside New York figures were adof Cole, Arthur H. (Review of Economic Statistics, February 1936, justed to approximate calendar month totals since about half of
pp. 31-41), indicates fairly good agreement in short-run move- the reported monthly clearings were for4-or 5-week totals instead of
ment, though the levels of the series differ considerably. The an- for the calendar month. Half of each monthly figure was rea11o- .
nual totals of the first segment of the Babson series (1870-1879) cated in proportion to the number of days of the current and
are 23 to 40 percent lower than those of the Cole series; the later adjacent months in'cluded in the corresponding 4 or 5 weeks.
segments are higher, by percentages ranging from 14 to 24 in 1879Bank clearings represent checks drawn on individual banks and
1890,21 to 26 in 1890-1902, and 27 to 31 in 1902-1909.
credited to the accounts of other banks through city clearingSince the annual ton-miles for all railroads given by Poor's, house associations in which the individual banks. are members.
1882-1890, and by the Interstate Commerce Commission, 1890- They thus take no account of checks drawn to "cash" anddepited
1916, were used (implicitly) only to establish average levels in the directly on the accounts of the paying bank; and they contain no
Babson series (except 1910-1914, as noted above), a comparison record of financial transactions between firms which use the facilof the series year-by-year is of interest. The comparison cannot be ities of the same bank-hence clearings may decline as a result of
precise, however, for the Babson series is a 2-month moving aver- bank mergers. On the other hand, as actually reported by clearage and is seasonally adjusted; annual totals computed from such inghouse associations, they contain a number of duplicating items
a series are almost certain to differ from annual totals of original connected with the process of clearing. Though clearings figures
data. Moreover, Poor's data are for fiscal years that varied among are available beyond 1922, for the purpose of representing total
railroads; although we may assume, as the Babson estimates do check transactions the bank debits figures starting 1919 (series
for gross earnings, that the Poor's data are approximately equiv- App. 16-17) are preferable. For a discussion of the relation of bank
alent to data for years ending October 31, this factor may still debits to clearings see the Federal Reserve Bulletin for September
account in part for discrepancies between Babson's and Poor's 1918; also Debits and Clearing Statistics, Their Background and
ton-miles. In any event, after 1895 the Babson series reproduces Interpretation, by George Garvy (Board of Governors of the Fedthe annual all-railroads series rather closely, the annual percent- eral Reserve System, 1947).
age differences seldom exceeding plus or minus 2 percent. Before
The present record of bank clearings outside New York City
1895 the differences are larger, though most of them fall within a (series App. 15) covers a gradually increasing list of cities. In 1875
range of plus or IDinus 5 percent.
the cities included were Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, Cincinnati,
App.13. Index of department store sales, monthly, 1919-1945 Columbus, New Orleans, Pittsburgh, PhUadelphia, St. Louis, and
SOURCE: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. For Worcester. According to The Public, reports from these cities and
1919-1938, see Federal Reserve Bulletin, June 1944; for 1939-1945, New York accounted for 12 clearinghouses, embracing 312 banks,
see "Department Store Sales Indexes (1935-39= 100), United out of total for the country of 20 clearinghouses, embracing 394
States," mimeographed release by the Division of Research and banks. By 1885 the number of cities had increased to 29; by 1900
it had grown to 56; and in 1922 it was 183. The number of clearingStatistics, 'corrected as of April 14, 1948.
The index of department store sales, representing the dollar vol- houses in existence in 1919 is estimated at 250. No adjustments
ume of sales unadjusted for price changes, is compiled from reports were made for the upward bias of the serie~ due to its expanding
by a varying number of department stores that submit information coverage.
to the various district Federal Reserve Banks. The sample covered
An identical series on New York clearings, with a different seaaround 500 stores inthe 1920's and 1930's. In the early 1940's it sonal adjustment, and a similar series on outside clearings, in
was increased to about 1,400 stores, covering more than one-third which adjustments for changes in the number of cities included
of the 4,051 department 'stores included in the 1939 Business Cen- have been made are given by Frederick R. Macaulay in The Movesus tabulations and more than 70 percent of their total sales. The ments of Interest Rates, Bond Yields and Stock Prices in the United
sample includes sales of chain department stores and retail stores States Since 1856, National Bureau of Economic Research, New
of two large mail order houses.
York, 1938, tables 27 and 29. Macaulay's series are presented in
An index for each of the 12 Federal Reserve districts is obtained original and (in the case of outside clearings) in deflated form, and
from aggregate sales of the district sample allowing for changes in both versions are also given in seasonally adjusted, smoothed,
the list of reporting stores. The indexes are adjusted to the levels and trend-adjusted forms.
indicated by the 1929 and 1939 censuses of retail trade. Each of
A series on clearings in seven cities outside New York, 1866the district indexes is adjusted for variations in the number of
1914,
is charted and described in Edwin Frickey's Economic Fluctrading days in the month, and each is likewise adjusted for seasonal variation, including an allowance for the varying date of tuations in the United States, Harvard, 1942, pp. 338, 360-1. Carl
Easter. To obtain the national index the district indexes are Snyder's clearings index of business, J oU1'nal of the American
weighted by the relative importance of the sales of the department Statistical Association, September 1924, is based on outside clearstores in the district in the base period 1935-1939; the requisite ings 1875-1918 and outside debits thereafter and is smoothed and
information is obtained by a backward extension of Census data adjusted for trend, seasonal, and price changes. It has been extended through 1939 by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
for 1939.
App. 16-17. Bank debits, New York City and outside New York
For further detaiJs see the following Federal Reserve Bulletins:
City, monthly, 1919-1945. SOURCE: Compiled by the Board of
June 1944, August 1936, and February and Apri11928.
App. 14-15. Bank clearings, New York City, monthly,.1853- Governors of the Federal Reserve System. For 1919-1941, see
Banking and Monetary Statistics, 1943; since 1942, see Federal Re1922; outside New York City, monthly, 1875-1922. SOURCE: Furnished by the National Bureau of Economic Research. Through serve Bulletin. Seasonal adjustment by the National Bure?,u of
1883 data are from Annual Reports of the New York State Cham- Economic Research. For annual Federal Reserve Board data on
ber of Commerce, Banker's Magazine, Me'rchants' Magazine, and bank debits, see series N 76-79.
The series on debits outside New York City is for 140 reporting
The Public; since 1884, Commercial and Financial Chronicle. For
centers. For a description of these and other debits series see Bankrelated annual data on bank clearings, see series N 86-89.
Monthly totals are converted to daily averages by dividing by ing and Monetary Statistics, pp. 230-54. In 1942 the collection of
the number of calendar days in the month. For 1860-1863 the debits statistics was changed from a weekly to a monthly basis,
New York figures are obtained by prorating weekly figures accord- and a number of banks in previously reporting centers and 60 new
ing to the number of business days in the week falling in each reporting centers were added to the reporting sample. See the

324

Text: App. 16-23

DESCRIPTION OF SERIES

Federal Reserve Bulletin, August 1943, p. 717. and February 1944, construction costs, the index being simply the ratio of the estip.160.
mated aggregate cost of building in the cities covered in a given
App. 18-19. Value of imports, exports, monthly, 1866-1945. month to the average monthly aggregate cost of building in the
SOURCE: Department of Commerce. For July 1866-June 1913, same cities in 1930.
Though Long's index spans the period 1868-1940, its coverage
see Monthly Summary oj Commerce and Finance oj the United
States, December 1910 and later issues; for July 1913-1945, see does not reach five cities until 1882. Moveover, the addition of
Monthly Summary oj Foreign Commerce oj the United States, July Chicago to the index in 1891 apparently disturbs the cyclical con1914 and later issues. Seasonal adjustment by the National Bureau ,traction of 1890-91. Whereas J. R. Riggleman's annual index,
of Economic Research, available through 1939 only. For related based on 34 cities in 1890-91 (Variations in Building Activity in
annual data on imports and exports, see series M 51-55.
United States Cities, unpublished manuscript, Johns Hopkins UniStatistics of exports and imports reflect trade between the versity Library, 1934), shows clear trough in 1891, Long's index
United States customs area (continental. United States, Alaska, continues to rise. Comparison of Long's and Riggleman'S indexes
Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and, from 1935 through 1939, the Virgin in later years does not reveal any marked discrepancy. Bradstreet's
Islands) and all other countries and their possessions, but do not value of building permits in 120 cities (series App. 20) begins in
reflect trade between territories within this customs area or in- 1911 and has a larger coverage than Long's index, which reaches
,transit shipments moving through the area from one foreign a maximum of 37 cities in 1918.
country to another. Total exports include exports of domestic
App. 22. Value of construction contracts (Dodge), montkly, 1910merchandise plus reexports of foreign merchandise, and after 1945. SOURCE: Furnished by the F. W. Dodge Corp. Seasonal adMarch 1941, also include shipments of merchandise under the justment by the National Bureau of Economic Research, available
Lend-Lease program. Total imports represent "general imports," through 1939 only. For annual data on value of construction coni. e., merchandise entering consumption channels immediately tracts, see series H 51-54.
upon arrival plus entries into bonded warehouses.
The series is compiled from field reports of individual project
Export values are those declared by the shipper at the point of contracts in 27 Northeastern States in 1910-1925 and in 37 States
shipment out of the country (except for reexports from bonded east of the Rocky Mountains in 1925-1945. Data for 36 States are
wllrehouses, which are expressed at import prices); import values available back to 1923, and for the New England States back to
are those of the principal exporting market. Both imports and ex- 1901. The reports cover small towns and rural districts as well as
ports include costs of all containers and coverings as well as freight large cities, and aim at inclusion of all projects for new construcexpenses from producing point to shipboard, but not beyond. All tion, additions, and alterations costing $5,000 or more in early
figures are in terms of United States dollars unadjusted for the years, and $2,000 or more in most years since 1929. No maintechange in the gold content of the dollar in 1934, foreign values of nance work, and only large farm building projects are included;
imported merchandise being converted into dollars at the rate of some force account work is included. For estimates of the series'
exchange prevailing on the day the merchandise is shipped from coverage see Chawner, Lowell J., "Construction Activity in the
the exporting country.
United States, 1915-1937," Department of Commerce, Domestic
Monthly data on values of imports and exports by economic Commerce Series No. 99, 1938.
classes (crude materials, crude foodstuffs, manufactured foodIn addition to statistics on value of contracts, ,Dodge series are
stuffs, semi-manufactures, and finished manufactures) are avail- available on number of projects and floor space of buildings; and
able beginning 1905. Indexes of the physical volume of imports subdivisions by geographic area, ownership, and type of project
and exports are compiled by the Department of Commerce, quar- are provided. Seasonally adjusted indexes (three-month moving
terly beginning 1929, monthly from July 1933.
averages) for total, residential, and all other construction contracts
App. 20. Value of building permits (Bradstreet's), monthly, 1911- (value), based on Dodge statistics, have been compiled by the
1945. SOURCE: Compiled by Dun and Bradstreet, Inc., see their Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for the period
Monthly Review, September 1935; and Dun's Statistical Review, since 1919. See Federal Reserve Bulletin, July 1931 and following
January 1939, May 1947. Seasonal adjustment by the National issues.
App. 23. Index of wholesale prices (Bureau of Labor Statistics),
Bureau of Economic Research, available only through 1941.
Reports are furnished to the compilers monthly by the build- monthly, 1890-1945. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics; for
ing departments of 120 identical cities. The figures represent ag- 1890-1931, see Bulletin Nos. 543 and 572; since 1931, see various
gregate value (builders' estimated costs) under permits issued to issues of Wholesale 'Prices and various bulletins. No seasonal adprospective builders within the corporate limits of the cities con- justment is considered necessary (but compare the seasonal index
cerned, and include new residential and new nonresidential build- given below for series App. 24). For a related annual BLS index,
see series L 15.
ing, as well as additions, alterations, and repairs.
The index is based on quotations for approximately 250 comIndexes of number and value of permits, beginning 1929 and
based on a much larger number of cities, are compiled by the modities 1890-1912; 550, 1913-1925; 784, 1926-1937; and a gradually increasing number (to about 890) since 1937. Prices are obBureau of Labor Statistics.
,App. 21. Index of the value of building permits (Long), monthly, tained weekly in most cases. The prices are weighted by quantities
1891-1914. SOURCE: Compiled by Long, Clarence D., Jr., Building marketed, varying weights being used through 1936 and fixed
Cycles and the Theory oj Investment, Princeton, 1940, pp. 213-23. weights thereafter. For methods employed in computing the inSeasonal adjustment by the National Bureau of Economic .Re- dex see Bulletin Nos. 473, 493, 572, and an article by Cutts,
search. For related annual data on the value of building permits, Jesse M., and Dennis, Samuel J., "Revised Method of Calculation of the Wholesale Price Index of the United States Eureau of
see series H 77-79.
Long's index is based on the aggregate value (builders' esti- Labor Statistics," J.ournal oj the American Statistical Association,
mated costs) of all building for which permits were granted or December 1937 (or the similarly entitled BLS pamphlet R666).
plans filed in an increasing sample of cities ranging from 13 in 1891
Monthly indexes for various economic classes of commodities
to 34 in 1914. The cities are among the Nation's largest and, al- (raw materials, semi-manufactured articles, and manufactured
though the East dominates the index, every region is represented. products; farm products, nonfarm products, and products other
"Alterations and tepairs are included, but State and local public than farm products or foods) have been compiled by the Bureau
building are frequently excluded, Federal public building is us- of Labor Statistics beginning 1913. Monthly indexes for certain
ually excluded, and rural building is always excluded" (source, p. other classes (e. g., durable and nondurable goods, producers' and
100). No attempt is made to adjust the data for fluctuations in consumers' goods) have been compiled from ELS data for 1927-

325

Text: App. 23-26

MONTHLY AND QUARTERLY INDICATORS

1948 by the National Bureau of Economic Research (cf. Mills, are weighted by the number of shares outstanding, as described
Frederick C., "Prices in a War Economy," and "The Structure of in the initial source, pp. 3-4.
Postwar Prices," Occasional Papers 12 and 27, National Bureau
App. 26. Index of stock prices, railroads, monthly, 1857-1885.
of Economic Research, New York, 1943 and 1948).
SOURCE: Compiled by Macaulay, Frederick R., The M ovemertfs of
App. 24. Index of wholesale prices (Warren-Pearson), monthly, Interest Rates, Bond Yields and Stock Prices in the United States
1850-1894. SOURCE: Warren, George F., and Pearson, Frank A., Since 1856, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York,
in part 1 of Wholesale Prices for 213 Years, 1720 to 1932, Memoir 1938, table 10. No seasonal adjustment is considered necessary.
14,2, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, 1932.
This index number. is based on the prices of common stocks of
The index is not adjusted for seasonal variations, although slight virtually all American railroads whose prices were being regularly
seasonal movements are evident .. The following seasonal index, quoted on any of the great exchanges. No preferred stocks are inJanuary to December, is given for 1876-1891 in table 88 of the cluded. The list of companies changes from time to time because
source volume: 102, 102, 102, 101, 100, 98, 98, 99, 99, 99, 100, 100. of consolidations and 'lack of quotations. Railroads were also
The authors computed an index for the period 1797-1893, based dropped from the index in some instances while the railroad was
principally on New York quotations, for commodities numbering in the hands of a receiver or undergoing reorganization and in a
116 in 1800, 134 in 1850, 135 in 1860, 146 in 1870 and 1880, and very few cases "during periods in which exceptional circumstances
138 in 1889. These commodities were divided into 11 groups corre- only negligibly related to their investment values were violently
sponding to the classification used for the Bureau of Labor Sta- disturbing their prices" (source, p. 139). The list of railroads and
tistics index of wholesale prices (series App. 23) ; and for each group the periods during which their stocks were used are shown in chart
a variable weight index was computed by expressing the monthly 32 of the source.
price of each commodity relative to its average price in 1876-1891
The index is a chain index made up of 13-month segments (from
and combining relatives with the weights assigned to the partic- January to January), each segment consisting of weighted arithular year.
metic average prices of an identical list of stocks. During each
The group indexes were then combined into a total index on the time segment prices per share of each stock were adjusted for all
base 1876-1891 using varying group weights (percent) as follows: stock dividends, rights, etc., that occurred during the 13 months.
Farm products, from 35 in 1799 to 25 in 1889; foods" from 27 to 25; Weighted arithmetic average prices for each month were then calhides and leather, from 5 to 4; textiles, from 8 to 10; fuel and culated, the weights being the number of shares outstanding in the
lighting, from 4 to 10; metals and metal products, from 4 to 10; initial January of each segment. The weighted average prices in
building materials, 10; chemicals and drugs, from 0.5 to 1.0; the various segments were then chained together, starting from
housefurnishings (beginning 1840), 1.0; spirits, from 5 to 3; and the segment January 1926-January 1927. A detailed discussion
miscellaneous,from 1.5 to 1.0. Both for individual series and for of the construction of the index may be found in the source,
groups, the change in weights each year was one-ninetieth of the chapter 5.
total change over the period. (Constant group weight indexes are
Although Macaulay's index is available in the source through
also given in the source.) The final index on the base 1910-1914
January1937, it is presented here only through 1885. Its place is
was derived by means of a 4-year overlap, 1890-1893, on the
filled by the index of stock prices-industrials, public utilities,
Bureau of Labor Statistics index. The published figures for the
and railroads (series App. 25) which begins in 1871. The latter inWarren-Pearson index end with 1889; beginning 1890 the index
dex is based in part on and is very similar to Macaulay's until
is the Bureau of Labor Statistics index.
World War I, since railroads were, especially in the early years,
For the Warren-Pearson index on a 1926 base, with earlier data
by far the most important class of stock. Macaulay's index, howback to 1720, see Bureau of Labor Statistics Bulletin No. 572,1933,
ever, is more homogeneous both because it is confined to railroad
pp. 111-14. For the Warren-Pearson annual index, see series L 2.
companies and because quotations for the component companies
App. 25. Index of stock prices: Industrials, utilities, and rail- are more continuously available.
roads, monthly, 1871-1945. SOURCE: Standard and Poor's CorpoApp. 27. Commercial pape~ rates, monthly, 1857-1945. SOURCE:
ration, Trade and Securities Statistics: Long Term Security Price
Furnished by the National Bureau of Economic Research, New York.
Index Record (through December 31, 194,0); Security Price Index
Through January 1937, see Macaulay, Frederick Ro, The MoveRecord, 1941 and 194,2; Current Statistics Combined with Basic Staments of Interest Rates,Bond Yields and Stock Prices in the United
tistics. No seasonal adjustment is considered nfi:!cessary. For related
States Since 1856, NBER, 1938, table 10 (except for misprinted
annual data, see series N 215-220.
figure for February 1903); since February 1937, computed from
Prior to 1918, the index is that of the Cowles Commission, converted from the original base (1926) to the 1935-1939 base by weekly data in Bank and Quotation Record of the Commercial and
Financial Chronicle. Seasonal adjustment by the National Bureau
Standard and Poor's Corporation. This index includes, 1871-1917,
of Economic Research; a slightly different s~asonal adjustment is
virtually all industrial, public utility, and railroad common stocks
given by Macaulay (table 23); no seasonal adjustment has been
actively traded on the New York Stock Exchange. The railroad
necessary since 1934.
stock price component is the index compiled by Macaulay (series
Commercial paper consists of promissory notes, offered on the
App. 26) and during most of this period this component dominates
the total, since relatively few industrial and public utility stocks "open market," on which merchants and manufacturers whose
were traded, especially before 1900. The prices used in the Cowles credit is well-established and well-known borrow money for use
Commission index, in general, are averages of the highest and low- in the ordinary course of their business. The quotations used here
est sales prices of the month. The price relative for each issue in are for the N ew York City market. Prior to 1865 Macaulay comthe index receives a weight equal to the product of the price per piled the data from various published sources; since 1866, from
share by the number of shares outstanding. For a detailed de- the Commercial and Financial Chronicle or its Financial Review.
scription of the index see Common Stock Indexes, 1871-1937, by Through 1923 the rates are for "choice 60- to 90-day two-name
Alfred Cowles 3d and Associates, 1938. A useful annotated bibli- paper"; since 1924, "4- to 6-month prime double and single name
ography of common stock price jndexes is given in Appendix I of paper"; the transition, however, has little or no effect on the comparability of the series. Monthly averages were obtained for the
that volume.
Beginning 1918 the index is based on monthly averages of most part from weekly average rates.
For a description of the series and a discussion of other historweekly indexes of prices. The number of stocks included has increased over the period; in 1941 the index included 402 common ical series of short-term interest rates see appendix E of Macaustocks (354 industrials, 28 public utilities, and 20 rails). Prices lay's volume. See also Banking ,and Monetary Statistics, pp. 422 if.
326

DESCRIPTION OF SERIES
App. 28. Corporate bond yields, monthly, 1919-1945. SOURCE:
Compiled by Moody's Investors Service. For 1919-1941, see Banking and Monetary Statistics, Board of Governors of the Federal
Reserve System, 1943, pp. 468-71; since 1941, see Federal Reserve Bulletin. No seasonal adjustment is considered necessary.
This series is an index of :yields on highest rating (1-.1oody's
Aaa) industrial, public utility, and railroad bonds. The number of
bonds included has varied over the period; 15 were included in
1919-27 and 30 in 1928-33; since 1933 the number has been reduced owing to the limited number of suitable issues. Substitutions
have been made from time to time. The index consists of unweighted arithmetic averages of the yields oLindividual bonds;
the yields for each bond are based on averages of the month's high
and ,low sale prices prior. to 1928, and on monthly averages of
weekly or daily closing quotations since 1928.
Indexes are compiled, also, for lower rating groups of bonds,
and separately for industrial, public utility, and railroad bonds.
1

App. 29. Railroad bond yields, monthly, 1857-1936. SOURCE:


Macaulay, Frederick R., The Movements of Interest Rates, Bond
Yields and Stock Prices in the United States since 1856, National
Bureau of Economic Research, New York, 1938, table 10, col. 5.
For a related annual index, see series N 201-202.
This series is an index based on the yields of 150 American railroad bonds listed, except in a few instances, on the New York
Stock Exchange. The number of bonds included at anyone time
varies, however, from a minimum of 13 in 1857 to a maximum of
45 in 1925-1927, owing to changes in the number of issues outstanding, changes in the "activity" of an issue and hence the
availability of continuous price quotations, and changes made
(e. g., deletions of bonds approaching maturity, or bonds with
highly erratic yields) in order that the index would reflect longterm interest rates. Averages of the high and low prices in each
month for each bond were computed from quotations taken principally from New York Stock Exchange official sheets and the
Commercial and Financial Chronicle, and these average prices were
~onverted to yields by the author. The monthly yields for each
bond included in the index are given in table 3 of the source.

Text: App. 28-30

The index is a chain index constructed from 13-month segments


running from January to January, each segment consisting of unweighted arithmetic averages of the yields of an identical list of
bonds. Starting from the January 1924-1925 segment, the segments were chained together on the basis of the ratios of the average yields in the overlapping Januaries. An adjustment was then
made for "economic drift," designed to make the long-term movements of the index (which includes yields of bonds of all grades)
approximate those of a standardized list of high-grade bonds. For
a full discussion of this adjustment and other details of the construction of the index see chapters 3 and 4 of the source.
The index presented here is not adjusted for trend; it is available in the source in smoothed and trend-adjusted form. No seasonal adjustment has been made, although in certain years (for
example, 1867-1873) a slight tendency towards repetitive movement is visible. The index is not available beyond January 1937.
App. 30. Liabilities of business failures, quarterly, 1875-1894;
monthly, 1894-1935, June 1934-1939, 1939-1945. SOURCE: Com~
piled by Dun and Bradstreet, Inc., formerly by R. G. Dun & Co.
Published in Dun's Review and Dun's Statistical Review. Seasonal
adjustment by the National Bureau of Economic Research.
A failure is currently defined as "a concern which is involved in
a court proceeding or a voluntary action which is likely to end in
loss to creditors." (Dun's Review, March 1940, p. 39.) The series
includes manufacturing and mining' concerns, builders, employers
of labor in the mechanical arts, trading concerns; but not professional men, banks (after 1892), or railroads; real estate and insurance brokers, shipping agents, etc., are excluded beginning 1933.
The revision beginning June 1934 is the result of the addition of
certain cases formerly classified as reorganizations, but considered
to .be failures after a change of the National Bankruptcy Act,
effective September 22, 1938. The data revision beginning 1939
is due to more complete coverage of voluntary discontinuances.
Series on numbers as well as liabilities of failures are compiled
by Dun and Bradstreet, Inc., and data are classified by type of
business and size of firm. Similar series were published from 1882
to 1933 in Bradstreet's; they differed from Dun's apparently in
including banks and excluding stock and real estate brokers.

327

Series App. I.-PERSONAL INCOME, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE: 1929 TO 1945


[ Annual rate in billions or dollars. Seasonally adjusted data ]

Co:>

Series App. 2.-PERSONAL INCOME,


BARGER: 1921 TO 1931

t\:l

~
Ijl)

t'

I Quarterly data at annual rate, in billions of dollars.

00

YEAR

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

June

May

Apr.

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

'?

Seasonally adjusted data]

Dec.

I"'"

YEAR

1945 _______
1944 _______
1943 _______
1942 _______
1941- ______

171.6
158.9
140.3
107.9
85.4

173.3
162.1
143.4
109.0
86.9

173.7
162.7
146.0
111.5
87.9

172.1
162.0
147.4
114.8
89.2

171.6
163.4
147.6
117.0
92.2

173.7
164.6
148.9
120.4
95.3

173.6
164.4
150.2
123.4
96.8

169.1
165.3
151.5
126.8
99.2

163.3
164.7
151.2
128.9
100.1

165.4
167.1
153.1
132.6
101.0

168.6
168.4
155.9
135.8
102.0

168.3
169.4
156.9
138.0
106.3

1940 _______
1939 _______
1938 _______
1931- ______
1936 _______

76.0
70.6
68.5
72.6
64.6

76.5
70.6
68.4
73.6
65.3

75.9
71.5
68.2
74.9
65.8

75.9
70.6
67.3
75.3
67.0

76.6
71.5
67.0
75.7
68.0

77.0
71.8
67.2
76.4
78.9

77.6
71.4
67.4
75.5
75.3

78.8
72.6
68.5
75.9
71.6

79.5
73.8
68.8
74.3
71.2

81.1
74.6
68.8
73.0
71.6

81.8
75.5
69.5
71.3
72.8

84.0
76.0
69.9
69.4
73.7

1935 _______
1934- ______
1933 _______
1932 _______
193L ______

55.4
51.5
44.9
56.6
68.5

56.8
52.2
43.8
55.5
68.1

57.3
52.9
42.6
53.7
72.0

58.7
52.6
43.6
52.4
72.4

59.1
53.5
45.7
50.7
67.7

59.3
53.4
47.6
48.3
65.4

59.7
54.0
48.5
46.9
64.4

60.9
53.7
48.2
46.4
62.2

61.3
52.9
48.2
46.2
61.0

61.9
53.2
48.1
45.5
59.9

62.8
53.4.
48.4
45.8
59.2

63.9
54.0
50.0
44.6
57.8

1980 _______
1929 _______

81.7
85.1

80.9
84.6

79.6
85.2

80.0
85.2

78.9
84.5

77.5
85.1

75.3
86.3

74.3
86.9

78.7
86.4

72.4
86.3

70.6
83.6

69.5
82.8

- - - ...

1st
quarter

2d
quarter

3d
quarter

4th
quarter

1931- ___

66.9

64.6

60.3

56.7

1930 ____
1929 ____
1928 ___ ~
1927 ____
1926 ____

79.6
82.2
77.7
77.0
76.3

77.5
88.0
78.2
77.2
76.5

73.6
84.5
79.1
77.4
76.7

69.7
82.4
81.4
77.3
76.8

1925 ____
1924 ____
1923 ____
1922 ____
1921- ___

72.8
69.5
65.8
57.0
58.8

72.5
68.5
68.0
58.8
56.4

74.0
69.0
68.9
61.3
55.6

75.8
71.5
69.0
63.5
56.1

---------

t-3

~
t-t

I-<!

>Z

Series App. 3.-INDEX OF FACTORY EMPLOYMENT, BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS: 1919 TO 1945
ORIGINAL DATA
YEAR

Jan. \ Feb. \ Mar.

1 I
Apr.

May

June

SEASONALLY

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

AD~TED

.)

~~

t-3
l?:J

DATA

. Jan. \. Feb. \ Mar. \ Apr. \ May \ June \ July \ Aug.

Sept. \ Oct. \ Nov. \ Dec.

I-<!

168.2
178.3
170.1
140.0
116.9

168.7
178.0
172.5
142.6
120.0

167.7
176.2
174.6
144.8
122.7

165.2
173.8
175.4
147.0
125.8

162.5
172.3
175.8
148.9
128.6

160.0
172.2
178.3
151.0
132.0

155.6
171.9
180.2
154.8
135.5

151.7
172.0
181.4
159.0
138.4

130.8
170.1
180.8
162.1
141.2

129.9
168.5
181.4
163.7
141.8

130.5
167.7
181.9
165.6
141.3

130.9
168.3
180.3
168.7
141.1

168.8
178.8
170.7
141.4
118.8

169.8
178.5
173.1
143.3
120.9

168.8
176.6
175.1
145.4
122.9

166.0
174.5
176.2
147.8
126.3

163.6
173.3
176.9
149.9
129.8

160.3
172.5
179.0
151.9
133.3

155.0
171.4
180.1
154.7
136.6

150.4
170.9
180.2
157.5
137.8

130.1
169.3
179.6
160.2
138.8

129.5
168.1
180.6
162.9
139.5

130.1
167.3
181.5
165.1
139.9

130.6
168.0
179.9
168.3
140.6

1940 ______ 104.0


1939 ______
93.8

104.2
95.4

103.8
96.7

102.6
96.7

102.1
96.0

102.5
96.5

103.1
97.0

107.8
100.5

112.2
104.8

114.8
108.1

116.0
107.7

117.4
107.0

105.9
95.9

104.8
96.3

103.6
96.7

102.4
96.8

102.8
96.8

103.7
97.8

105.2
99.0

108.1
100.1

109.7
101.4

112.0
104.9

114.6
106.6

116.8
107.0

Base: 1923-1925=100
1939 ______
94.5
1938 ______
91.0
1931- _____ 104.7
1936 ______
92.3
1935 ______
86.1
1934 ______
78.8
1933 ______
63.3
1932 ______
70.0
1931- _____
80.1
19f1O ______ 98.2
1929 ______ 101.7
1928 ______
95.3
1927 ______
98.6
1926 ______ 101.0

t-t

t-t

Base: 1939=100
1945 ______
1944- _____
1943 ______
1942 ______
194L _____

96.1
91.6
107.6
92.7

97.0
91.2
110.1
93.9

96.9
89.3
111.3
95.5

95.9
87.0
111.5
96.4

96.4
85.4
110.3
97.0

96.6
85.9
110.8
98.4

99.5
90.2
112.2
101.2

103.7
93.6
112.2
103.8

107.3
94.2
110.3
104.9

107.5
95.3
104.2
104.9

107.8
96.2
97.7
106.4

96.8
93.4
107.3
94.6

96.8
92.4
108.4
93.3

96.7
91.0
109.8
93.6

96.6
89.0
111.0
95.1

96.3
87.3
111.8
96.7

97.3
86.3
111.2
97.9

98.4
87.2
112.2
99.8

99.0
89.3
111.6
100.6

100.8
91.0
110.2
101.6

104.8
92.0
107.8
102.4

107.0
94.8
103.8
104.4

108.2
96.7
98.2
106.9

89.6
83.7
64.7
71.2
80.8

91.0
87.2
62.3
70.1
81.2

91.2
88.8
63.9
67.8
81.2

89.9
89.0
66.8
65.2
80.6

88.3
87.8
71.6
63.2
78.8

88.7
86.3
76.2
61.0
77.7

91.7
87.4
81.3
62.7
77.9

93.9
83.5
85.0
66.1
78.3

95.2
85.9
84.6
67.2
75.5

94.6
84.3
81.2
66.3
72.7

94.2
85.6
79.5
65.1
72.0

88.9
80.7
64.9
71.8
82.4

90.0
83.9
65.0
71.4
81.4

90.6
86.9
62.2
69.9
81.1

90.7
88.3
63.8
67.6
81.0

90.0
89.0
67.1
65.3
80.7

89.2
88.3
72.2
63.6
79.2

90.0
87.3
77.4
61.9
78.7

91.0
86.4
81.0
62.4
77.5

92.0
81.3
82.8
64.4
76.0

93.0
84.4
82.9
65.8
73.9

94.2
84.6
81.2
66.2
72.6

94.7
86.4
80.1
65.5
72.4

98.3
104.1
97.2
100.2
102.0

97.9
105.4
98.2
100.9
102.5

97.3
106.7
97.8
100.3
101.8

95.6
106.5
97.8
99.6
100.8

93.6
106.8
98.5
9~. 7
100.8

90.4
107.3
98.4
98.6
99.7

89.7
109.2
101.1
99.9
101.8

90.7
110.3
103.3
101.2
104.0

88.7
109.0
103.5
100.2
103.6

85.4
104.6
102.6
98.0
101.6

82.9
100.7
102.1
96.5
100.3

100.6
104.2
97.3
100.4
102.7

99.0
105.0
97.8
100.8
102.4

97.7
105.3
97.9
100.4
102.0

97.0
106.4
97.7
100.2
101.7

95.7
106.6
98.2
100.1
101.1

93.9
107.0
98.7
100.1
101.3

91.2
108.1
99.2
99.7
101.0

89 . 0
108.4
100.4
99.6
101. 5

87.7
107.3
100.9
99.1
102.0

86.7
106.6
101.7
98.4
102.0

85~3

104.4
102.7
97.9
101.4

83.8
101. 9
103.3
97.5

101.0

ot-t
o

:>
t-3

u:.

Series App. 3.-INDEX OF FACTORY EMPLOYMENT, BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS: 1919 TO 1945-Con.
~

00
-1

ORIGINAL DATA

Ql

YEAR

I
0I>-

Jan. \ Feb. \ Mar. \ Apr. \ May

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED DATA

I I I I I I
June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov. \ Dec.

Jan.

Feb. ,\ Mar.

Apr. \ May \ June \ JUly \ Aug. \ Sept.

I I
Oct.

Nov. \

De~

I"-

Base: 1923-1925=100
1925 ______
96.6
1924 ______ 100,1
1923~ _____
100.2
1922 ______
82.4
192L _____
79.5
1920 ______ 114.3
1919 ______ 104.5
_._.-

98.3
101.7
102.4
84.5
81.7

99.2
101.9
104.6
85.8
82.9

99.1
100.1
105.1
85.7
82.3

98.6
96.8
105.2
87.9
82.0

98.4
93.8
105.7
89.6
81.2

98.3
90.6
104.6
90.5
79.7

100.0
92.0
104.8
93.1
81.1

101.9
94.2
105.395.1
83.0

102.6
95.0
104.0
96.6
83.7

102.2
94.5
102.8
98.0
83.7

101.8
96.1
101.1
99.1
82.7

98.1
101.7
101.7
83.6
80.7

98.6
101.8
102.7
85.3
82.6

98.7
101.3
103.9
85.7
82.8

99.0
100.0
104.9
86.0
82.5

99.0
97.1
105.5
88.2
82,.3

98.9
94.2
106.1
89.8
81.6

99.4
91.6
105.6
91.0
80.2

99.7
91.9
104.7
92.3
80.6

99.9
92.9
103.8
93.4
81.7

101.1
93.7
102.7
95.3
82.5

102.0
94.2
102.4
97.5
83.1

102.4
96.4
101.6
99.4
82.9

113.3
101.2

115.6
101.7

114.0
101.9

111.1
102.6

110.1
103.9

107.5
106.6

107.4
109.3

106.1
111.3

102.1
110.9

95.6
112.1

88.0
113.9

116.3
106.4

114.8
102.6

115.6
101.6

114,1
102.1

111.4
102.9

110.4
104.3

107.8
107.2

106.4
108.5

104.2
109.5

100.8
109.4

95.2
111.6

88.3
114.3

Series App. 4.-INDEX OF FACTORY EMPLOYMENT, JEROME: 1889 TO 1923

t:1

['Base: 1914=100 1
...

ORIGINAL
YEAR

- Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

D~TA

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

I\:)
~

July
---

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

---------

Nov.

Dec.

--- - - -

~
o

113.5
99.9
96.2

115.8
100.6
98.3

114.6
98.8
98.3

114.0
99.4
97.3

112.4
100.3
97.0

111.6
100.3
96.5

110.8
103.2
97.8

110.6
106.1
100.3

112.0
109.2
101.2

110.7
111.3
100.4

108.5
112 .. 6
9-8.8

113.9
98.1
93.3

113.6
100.0
96.3

114.9
99.8
97.5

114.4
98.6
98.1

114.3
99.7
97.6

113.1
100.9
97.6

112.7
101.3
97.5

112.0
104.3
98.9

110.4
105.9
100.1

111.3
108.5
100.6

109.4
110.0
99.2

107.6
111.7
98.0

128.2 126.9
116.8 115.0
123.6 125.1
123.4 123.8
112.5 '114.8

129.0
115.4
126.6
125.2
115.8

127.7
116.0
126.1
123.1
118.0

125.6
116.4
126.3
121.9
116.8

123.7
117.8
126.5
121.1
116.8

122.1
120.5
127.7
119.9
l16.2

119.2
122.9
125.7
118.8
l16.7

117.4
124.0
125.4
120.8
119.2

115.1
124.1
121.4
122.7
120.1

107.5
125.8
123.3
124.1
122.8

98.8
128.3
121.8
124.9
124.1

129.2
117.7
124.6
124.4
l13.4

127.0
115.1
125.2
123.9
114.9

128.0
114.5
125.6
124.2
114.9

127.4
115.8
125.8
122.9
l17.8

126.0
116.8
126.7
122.3
117.2

124.4
118.5
127.3
121.8
117.5

123.3
121. 7
129.0
121.1
117.4

120.5
124.3
127.1
120.1
118.0

l17.2
123.8
125.1
120.6
119.0

114.4
123.4
120.7
122.0
119.4

106.2
124.3
121.8
122.6
121.3

98.0
127.3
120.8
123.9
123.1

ts:J

1923 ______ 113.0


1922 ______
97.3
1921- _____
92.6
1920 ______
1919 ______
1918 ______
1917 ______
1916 ______

o
I:rj

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED DATA

--_. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --- - - - - - - - - - - - -

ts:J
:><l

1915 ______
95.9
1914 ______ 101.0
1913 ______ 103.4
1912 ______
99.0
1911- _____
98.1

97.6
102.3
104.2
100.9
99.4

98.4
103.5
102.6
101.3
99.8

99.1
102.8
101.8
101.2
99.6

100.2
101.5
100.6
100.2
97.7

101.1
100.3
100.6
99.2
9&.3

100.8
98.2
100.3
98.9
98.7

101.3
97.8
101.5
102.4
99.4

104.8
99.5
102.8
103.6
100.1

106.9
100.0
102.8
104.0
100.8

110.0
97.4
101.9
102.8
99.7

111.6
95.7
99.7
101.2
97.3

96.7
101.1
103.5
99.1
98.2

97.7
101.7
103.6
100.3
98.8

97.6
102.5
101.6
100.3
98.8

98.9
102.3
101.3
100.7
99.1

100.5
101.9
101.0
100.6
98.1

101.7
101.1
101.4
100.0
99.1

101.8
99:2
101.3
99.9
99.7

102.4
98.0
101. 7
102.6
99.6

104.6
99.1
102.4
103.2
99.7

106.3
99.2
102.0
103.2
100.0

108.7
97.1
101.6
102.5
99.4

110.7
96.8
100.8
102.3
98.4

1910 ______
1909 ______
1908 ______
1907 ______
1906 ______

99.9
89.5
75.5
91.8
86.9

100.2
91.1
74.2
91.8
86.6

99.2
92.7
74.2
92.9
87.4

98.8
92.6
72.6
92.3
87.6

98.6
92.3
73.1
91.9
88.0

98.1
92.2
74.8
92.6
89.1

98.1
91.7
80.7
92.8
89.3

98.8
93.4
84.4
92.8
89.6

99.0
96.7
82.6
91.3
89.7

99.0
98.5
85.8
84.7
90.1

99.3
98.5
86.8
83.3
91.0

97.8
98.2
87.5
77.9
89.6

100.0
89.6
75.6
91.9
87.0

99.6
90.6
73.8
91.3
86.1

98.2
91.8
73.5
92.0
86.5

98.3
92.1
72.2
91.8
87.2

99.0
92.7
73.4
92.3
88.4

98.9
92.9
75.4
93.3
89.8

99.1
92.6
81. 5
93.7
90.2

99.0
93.6
84.6
93.0
89.8

98.6
96.3
82.3
90.9
89.3

98.2
97.7
85.1
84.0
89.4

99.0
98.2
86.5
83.1
90.7

98.9
99.3
88.5
78.8
90.6

1905 ______
1904 ______
1903 ______
1902 ______
1901. _____

80.6
77.0
79.3
75.7
69.9

81.8
78.2
79.8
76.1
70.4

82.4
79.6
80.7
76.9
71.4

84.1
79.9
79.3
76.9
70.4

84.2
78.9
78.9
76.9
71.2

83.8
77.8
79.4
76.1
70.6

83.8
76.5
77.7
75.5
69.6

84.6
77.5
77.6
76.2
70.6

84.3
80.4
78.8
77.9
72.1

85.5
82.1
79.8
79.6
73.5

86.0
81.2
78.9
79.6
73.8

86.4
79.6
78.3
79.0
73.5'

80.7
77.1
78.9
75.3
69.6

81.3
77.7
79.1
75.4
69.8

81.6
78.8
79.2
75.5
70.1

83.7
79.5
78.4
76.1
69.6

84.5
79.2
78.4
76.4
70.7

84.5
78.4
79.6
76.3
70.8

84.6
77.3
79.8
77.5
71.5

84.8
77.7
79.3
77.8
72.1

84.0
80.1
79.2
78.3
72.5

84.8
81.4
79.2
79.0
73.0

85.7
81.0
78.7
79.4
73.7

87.4
80.5
78.7
79.4
73.9

1900 ______
1899 ______
1898 ______
1897 ______
1896 ______

69.9
63.1
59.6
57.8
59.2

70.4
64.2
59.9
58.6
59.7

71.0
65.6
61.1
59.3
59.7

70.4
66.6
61.2
60.1
59.6

70.2
67.0
60.3
60.0
59.2

69.0
67.0
60.2
58.7
57.5

66.5
65.8
58.9
56.6
54.8

67.3
66.7
59.4
56.2
53.3

68.4
68.3
60.4
59.9
54.9

69.2
68.6
61.7
60.8
56.7

69.1
68.9
61.6
60.3
57.0

69.3
68.8
61.7
60.0
57.8

69.6
62.8
59.3
57.5
58.9

69.8
63.6
59.4
57.8
58.9

69.7
64.4
60.0
58.0
58.4

69.6 .
65.9
60.5
58.5
58.0

69.7
66.5
59.9
58.6
57.8

69.2
67.2
60.4
58.6
57.4

68.3
67.6
60.5
58.6
56.7

68.7
68.1
60.7
59.1
56.0

68.7
68.6
60.7
61.9
56.8

68.7
68.1
61.3
60.4
56.3

69.0
68.8
61.5
59.8
56.5

69.6
69.1
62.0
59.6
57.5

1895 ______
1894 ______
1893 ______
1892 ______
189L _____

57.4.
52.5
61.0
58.8
58.0

57.5
53.4
61.4
59.6
58.1

58.7
53.5
62.3
60.3
58.3

59.2
54.5
62.7
61.3
58.6

59.3
54.9
62.6
61.1
58.7

58.9
53.8
60.7
60.3
58.1

57.9
51.9
57.5
59.6
57.5

58.7
50.8
51.9
59.7
57.5

59.5
51.2
48.6
60.7
58.1

60.0
55.1
53.1
61.4
58.3

60.2
56.0
,::is.l
61.3
58.1

59.8
55.4
53.5
60.7
58.0

57.1
52.2
61.4
59.2
58.4.

56.7
52.7
61.4
59.6
58.1

57.4
52.3
61.7
59.8
57.8

57.6
53.1
61.8

57.9
53.6
61.7

58.8
53.7
60.5

59.9
53.7
58.1

61.7
53.4
54.6

61.5
52.9
50.3

59.6
54.7
52.7

59.7
55.6
52.7

59.4
55.1
53.2

60.3

60.4

60.9

61.5

61.4

1890 ______
1889 ______

5El.l
56.0

57.0
56.4

57.5
56.4

57.4
56.2

57.4
06.2

57.4
56.2

56.5
55.7

57.0
56.0

57.7
56.2

58.4
56.7

58.0
56.4.

57.7
56.0

56.4
56.3

57.0
56.4

57.0
55.9

60.1

60.5

60.3

57.8

57.9

57.9

58.1

56.6
55.4

56.6
55.4

57.2
56.0

57.1
56.3

58.2

58.3

57.7
56.7

57.9
56.4

61.2

58.1
58.2
56.5

58.3
58.2
56.6

58.6
08.3
56.6

~
~

?'

M-

Il'

>-

'0

'?
~

Il1o-

Series App. 5.-INDEX OF THE PHYSICAL VOLUME OF BUSINESS ACTIVITY, BA.BSON: 1905 TO 1922

o:l
CI:)

YEAR

1922 ______
192L _____

I I
Jan.

F'bl

M~l AP'l

69.0
64.3

72.3
62.9

76.8
62.2

73.5
65.4

May

[Base: 1923-1927=100.

JUn,

July

77.6
65.8

82.4
67.7

81.6
66.1

I Aug. I~Septl

O,C

tj
~

Seasonally adjusted datal

I ><ovl D,~ I

81.4
69.6

83.3
68.3

87.4
69.5

92.5
68.6

94.6
66.7

1920 ______
1919 ______
1918 ______
1917 ______
1916 ______

91.9
73.2
70.0
8l.3
73.5

_ 91.0
69.4
76.3
78.2
77.1

89.6
68.5
80.1
78.9
75.4

82.2
72.8
82.3
8l.9
72.3

82.9
73.2
82.6
86.1
72.9

83.1
74.5
80.0
83.8
73.5

1915 ______
1914 ______

82.3
79.9
81.4
79.7
72.3

82.3
79.0
80.2
79.2
74.2

79.6
80.2
78.3
78.0
73.7

56.3
60.3

75.2
80.4
73.8
79.3
75.5

73.7
78.8
7l.9
81.2
78.3

59.4
60.0

7l.7
84.6
73.5
76.9
76.4

60.6
63.6

62.3
60.2

6l.2
59.3

63.9
60.0

65.3
60.8

66.3
58.4

68.2
59.5

69.6
57.5

73.1
54.9

75.6
56.8

C"t-

YEAR

Jan.

1913 _______
67.7
1912 _______
191L ______ 58.2
54.9
1910 _______
1909 _______ 58.9
1908 _______ 50.4
1907 _______ 43.4
1906 _______ 53.4
50.8
1905 _______ 43.8

1JUDe I July I Aug. I BepC I O"'-l Nov. ID,~

F'bl M.,I AP'I

May

66.61 62.7
6l. 0 60.9
55.0 55.6

66.0
58.1
55.8

66.9
60.9
56.0

65.3
6l.3
55.9

65.1
6l.6
55.6

64.9
62.9
57.0

65.1
61.7
56.3

64.8
64.8
56.8

62.8
65.9
56.8

59.4
5l.1
44.1
53.3
50.6

61.7
65.7
56.5

60.3
52-.4
43;1
52.9
50.8

58.4
52.6
42.0
55.6
47.2

58.3
52.1
41.4
56.7
48.7

59.3
54.7
43.3
54.9
49.5

56.3
55.7
45.5
56.1
49.7

57.0
56.0
45.1
55.2
50.0

56.0
58.1
47.0
52.5
49.3

55.2
58.6
49.1
52.9
50.2

55.9
59.9
49.8
48.4
50.8

44.2

55.3
58.0
50.9
43.4
51.7

46.7

47.2

48.1

47.4

47.1

48.2

49.0

48.6

48.8

49.0

1-3

::q

t:-t

ORIGINAL DATA

1945 ______
1944 ______
1943 ______
1942 ______
194L _____

230
240
224
177
139

1~1~1~1~1~1~\~I~1
232
240
229
180
144

Kl

SEASONALLY AD.JUSTED DATA

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

I F,b. I

Ma<.

I Ap,. I

May

Jun,

July

I Aug. I S,pC I Oct. I Nov. I Dec.

232
238
232
182
149

229
237
236
187
149

225
236
239
192
160

220
236
238
195
165

211
232
241
199
165

188
235
245
207
170

171
234
248
213
174

164
234
249
218
176

167
232
247
220
175

161
230
239
221
173

115
100
82
116
91

234
243
227
181
143

113
101
84
120
.,93

113
98
82
121
99

236
244
232
183
147

118
99
81
123
102

235
241
235
186
152

123
103
81
119
103

230
239
237
189
149

121
103

225
236
239
191
160

134
119
97
118
110

210
230
240
197
166

137
127
100
111
113

186
232
242
204
167

138
126
102
97
114

167
230
244
208
169

139
122
99
86
114

162
232
247
215
172

122
101
85
116
94

168
232
247
220
174

117
_101
84
118
92

163
232
241
223
176

118
103

126
107
91
119
106

220
235
237
193
164

114
101
84
120
93

114
98
82
120
98

118
99
81
121
100

123
103
81
119
103

123
106
86
120
104

126
106
90
119
106

129
115
93
115
108

132
122
96
107
110

136
124
100
96
113

140
124
101
87
116

118
98
82
111
91

1935 ______
1934 ______
1933 ______
1932 ______
193L _____

80
69
56
62
75

85
75
58
63
79

85
79
54
62
80

84
81
59
59
82

84
82
69
57
82

84
80
79
55
78

1930 ______
1929 ______
1928 ______
1927 ______
1926 ______

83
73
84
52
75

87
73
81
54
74

91
72
80
60
73

95
73
74
62
70

95
71
68
59
67

96
103
91
93
90

93
73
66
55
63

99
108
95
97
93

98
110
97
100
95

83
72
58
64
78

100
113
97
97
95

85
75
57
63
79

99
115
99
98
95

84
79
54
62
80

95
115
98
97
95

82
79
58
58
80

88
112
97
93
93

83
80
68
56
80

84
73
85
53
76

89
116
106
97
101

86
114
107
96
102

87
73
82
54
73

89
70
77
58
70

80
104
104
91
98

90
87
89
70
55

100
108
95
97
93

95
77
70
58
66

89
87
85
66
56

100
108
94
96
93

94
72
69
59
67

87
83
82
62
57

74
93
99
87
91

92
71
73
60
68

1925 ______
1924 ______
1923 ______
1922 ______
192L _____

87
114
102
96
98

84
79
78
54
.77

90
84
91
67
55

91
81
93
71
58

98
108
96
99
95

89
77
92
74
57

98
110
95
96
94

90
78
89

93
113
98
96
95

89
114
99
95
95

95
85
89
83
63

85
112
101
94
98

94
84
86
85
62

81
105
105
92
97

80
67

89
86
85
63
58

81
66

89
88
86
65
57

79
100
107
93
97

80
70

90
83
80
82
57

83
110
103
92
98

58

91
83
89
77
59

86
114
101
95
96

1920 ______
1919 ______

89
74
89
72
55

96
112
97
97
94

75
67

89
86
89
69
55

80
69

90
83
91
67
55

80
73

90
80
92
70
57

76
75

89
76
91
74
56

77
77

91
75
90
74
56

76
77

90
78
88
72
58

74
77

88
81
87
76
58

67
75

92
82
86
80
61

59
70

94
84
86
84
61

82

95
86
84
86
61

82
68

81
66

76
67

78
67

78
72

76
75

77
77

74 .
75

72
74

66
74

62
74

71

71

>
Z

tj

!:)

1940 ______
1939 ______
1938 ______
1937 ______
1936~ _____

~4

I;TC

[ Base: 1935-1939=100 )

Jan.

'?
~

Series App. 6.-INDEX OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION, FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD: 1919 TO 1945
YEAR

>

"=

~
~

1-3
t?;1
~

tj

>
1-3

Ul

Series App. 7-8.-INDEXES OF DURABLE AND NONDURABLE MANUFACTURES, FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD: 1919 TO 1945
ORIGINAL DATA
YEAR

Ja~

I F.b. IM"I

Ap'.

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED DATA

I I I I I I I 1
May

Jun'

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

n,,:

Nov.

Jan.

I F'b~1 M~. I I I I I IS,p~ I I I n.~


Ap,.

May

J"""

July

Aug.

Oct.

Nov.

Series App. 7: Index of durable manufactures (Base: 1935-1939=100)


1945_ _ _ _ _ _
1944______
1943______
1942______
194L_____

345
369
334
232
170

346
367
342
239
177

345
364
350
249
184

336
361

1940 _ _ _ _ _ _
1939______
1938_ _ _ _ _ _
1937 - _ _ __ _
1936______

128
92
70
118
89

121
95
71
125
88

121
98
73
133
94

U1
96

1935__ _ _ __
1934_,__ _ _ _
1933______
1932______
193L_____

73
55
35
48
71

81
66
37
48
78

82
74
33
46
82

1930______
1929______
1928__ _ __ _
1927 - _ _ _ _ _
1926______

105
120
100
102
107

115
130
110
112
114

117
139
116
118
119

323
356
360
265
198

308
354
359
272
204

292
347
362
279
204

239
348
367
291
208

194
342
371
300
214

186
344
376
312
221

191
341
377
319
220

185
343
366
327
224'

345
$69
337
235
172

346
367
344
241
178

345
364
351
250
184

127
95
70
139
111

336
361
356
257
186

'323
356
359
264
198

134
99
68
131
112

308
354
358
272
203

131
98
69
130
109

292
347
360
278
208

141
106
76
131
110

152
119
83
125
112

239
348
365
290
209

160
133
92
117
120

194
342
368
299
212

186
344
374
311
219

163
136
98
98
122

191
341
376
319
220

185
343
365
328
225

167
135
95
79
124

133
96
75
125
93

123
96
73
128
90

118
95
72
129
92

76
63
74
36
66

134
99
66
129
110

83
60
72
34
62

136
103
71
134
112

145
109
78
135
113

85
57
66
37
58

92
55
61
38
54

151
119
83
129
115

96
54
52
37
52

118

159
134
95
95
121

94
60
53
36
49

166
136
96
80
125

84

77
79
65
42
73

125
93
68
133
106

156
129
89

81
82
52
45
81

117
93
69
132
101

76
59
38
51
76

80
65
37
48
77

79
71
32
45
78

119
U4
119
118
119

116
147
119
117
119

78
73
39
43
77

107
145
118
110
116

77
76
48
42
75

75
76
62
40
70

94
139
115
104
112

78
62
75
36
67

91
140
122
108
117

85
60
73
34
62

89
137
123
105
117

88
58
68
37
58

83
132
125
103
116

91
57
63
38
55

94
57
54
39
54

96
65
57
39
54

113
131
108
110

113
129
110
111
113

112
132
110
112

107
136

113

110
134
111
111
113

111
113

102
140
114
108
114

95
141
117
106
114

91
140
120
106
115

89
135
121
103
116

84
131
124
101
115

80
121
126
100
113

77
111
130
104
110

105
106
98
62
60

105
104
103
68
53

104
100
106
78
50

104
91
108
82
51

104
85
108
87
48

105
83
107
89
45

101
88
104
78
50

105
91
104
82
50

113
93
102
91
56

116
94
102
93
57

119
100
102
98
55

99
88

97
82

87
78

92
72

97
82

95
89

99
94

97
84

92
80

83
84

77
83

3~

2W
~7

U7
W7
~

W
~

"

75
69
115
99
118
114
96
94
109
100
114 I
113
109
94
92
93
103
100
94
_______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______

105
102
98
58
64

1920 ______ ------- ------- ------- ------- ---____ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
1919 ______ ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______

97
89

1925_ - - - - 100
105
110
110
108
105
103
102
105
1924______
97
106
109
105
95
86
81
88
91
1923______
93
98
106
111
113
111
105
104
104
1922 ______ ------- ------- ------- ------- ----'--- -______ _______ _______ _______
1921 ______ ------- ------- ------- ------- ------ ____________________________ ,.

114

112

114

Series App. 8: Index of nondurable manufactures (Base: 1935-1939=100)


1945______
1944______
1943______
1942______
194L_____

CJ.:)
CJ.:)

I-"

175
176
168
148
122

176
177
171
149
127

171

176
175
149
131

174
172
173
152
135

1940_ _ _ _ __
1939______
1938______
1937 ______
1936______

111
101
85
108
92

110
103
87
111
91

107
'104
89
112
93

107
i02
86
113

1935______
1934______
1933______
1932______
193L_____

85
77
69
72
76

88
81
70
73
80

88
83
66

86
84
72
67
82

71

81

95

In

"5

TI5

TI3
"9
TI7

1il

U4

U5

111

1U
W5
g
111

113
W6

169
1~

1~

113

~
~

"

1~

165

TI7

1W

W9
99

M
M

90

91

81

157
168
180
161
149

156
168
182
167
153

117
112
101
109
104

122
120
107
111
110

110

91
82
87
67
81

97
81
88
76
84

97

87
99
91
88
85

91

79
72
73

80
74
72

1930 ___ ..:__


1929______
1928______
1927 _ _ _ _ _ _
1926 _ _ _ _ _ _

87
89
81
81
78

88

87

91
84
83
79

92
84
84
79

89
93
82
83
78

~
~
~

M
U

TI

81
94
86
84
79

1925______
1924______
1923______

74
69
71

76
70
74

76
70
75

76
69
75

74
67
74

73
65
73

' 74
63
69

76
66
70

M
M

91
~
~

1M
1~
1~

168
1~

U4
HI
105
W3

TI

H
M
~

158
TI3
180
168
151

156
173
172
168
147

175
TI6

124
119
104
93
109

124
115
101
85
109

115
W5
88
112

95
82
78
73

93
83
74
68
70

88

75
80
93
90
84
83
79
74
71

75
85
86

79

79
77
72
67

~~~i===:== ======= ======= ======= =====:: ::===== ======= ======= ====:== ==::::= ::==:== ======= =======
i~r~====== ======= ======= ======= ======: ==::::: =:=::=: ::::::= ::===== ======= ======= =======C====:
, Indexes without seasonal adjustment have not been computed for the years 1919-1922.

TIl
1~

U7

95

71

H
~

~
~
~
~

71

176
177
174
153
131

In

112
105
90

W9
W5

92

1U
94

112

89
81
70
73
80
88
90
83
82

TI6
TI5
~3

U3

TI5
U4
U7
110
W4
88
114

87

72
67

87
91

~
~

~
~

173
169
176
153
142

173
169
177
152
144

113
105
88
114
97

115
106
90
113
99

100

108
99
W7
103

87
83
82
65
83

88
80
91
64
82

89
80
94
63
82

86
94
84
84
77

85

76
70
73
62
49

61

76
68
75
64
56

68
53

67

66

66

t1
t?J

:xi

t:tj
UJ

bj

79

TI4
TI2

66
72

75

61

165
165
177
154

157
168
TI8
U8

1W
168

1"

161
U6

154
169
179
165
148

158
173
180
168
151

lU

116
1H
100
W4
W4

119
117
100
99
105

123
118
103
92
108

90
81
88
67
81

94
81
80
74
75

95

81

84
86
78

83
94
84
86
78

81
94
86

80
94
87
83
82

80
91
89
83
81

75
66
75
67
58

77
65
72
67
59

TI
67

77
71
69
70
62

78
73
69

63

60

52
67

47
68

95

63

144
115
108

95

110

64

9~

86
85
80

71

TI9

H
M

72
79

M
~

00

71
69
60

58

"

66

82
78
73
74

73

61

156
TI3

In
169
150

~t?J

UJ

H6
118
W4

111
96
~

71

89

90
~

~
~

n
n

44
67

t1

I>'

<+
Il:l

>
'C

'?

Series App. 9.-INDEX OF MINERAL PRODUCTION, FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD: 1919 TO 1945

co

ec

t:l
~

[Base: 1935-1939-100 1

to:)

>

ORIGINAL DATA

YEAR

Jan.

I I M.,I
Feb.

Ap,.

'Q

I I I I I I I I
May

June

July

Aug.

Oct.

Sept.

Nov.

'?

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED DATA

Dee.

~!~I~!~I~I~I~I~I~1

Oct.

Nov.

'f
.....
<:>

Dec.

1945 ______
1944 ______
1943 ______
1942 ______
194L _____

134
133
119
125
114

135
136
125
124
115

136
133
127
118
117

140
138
127
126
96

141
146
132
131
127

147
146
121
132
132

145
143
140
131
131

1940 ______
1939 ______
1938 ______
1937 ______
1936 ______

143
147
140'
136
135

137
147
143
137
138

125
14t
140
134
139

116
103
100
102
94

134
140
132
132
135

126
131
132
119
126

113
102
96
107
98

111
100
94
112
87

140
139
125
133
120

111
88
91
106
91

141
142
131
133
119

142
139
133
126
126

118
97
88
114
96

119
103
90
115
97

140
140
131
125
96

119
. 94
98
119
101

144
142
117
127
127

124
121
101
122
106

143
139
134
126
126

122
128
104
119
110

140
142
135
130
128

114
112
102
104
105

124
143
136
129
134

133
137
137
1l:!7
133

86
80
70
69
77

84
82
69
71
77

120
103
103
105
95

138
143
133
130
133

84
78
66
69
80

120
124
104
109
109

134
143
138
131
132

1935 ______
1934 ______
1933 ______
1932 ______
193L _____

120
106
92
11')
98

138
143
129
126
121

115
101
97
109
97

76
76
62
67
78

118
104
98
119
91

83
80
74
62
80

90
81
78
59
83

120
91
95
110
98

118
97
90
111
96

83
79
89
63
79

118
107
94
113
99

89
82
87
69
79

95
81
82
73
85

113
92
97
115
99

117
114
97
116
100

92
78
78
71
79

114
119
99
113
102

96
107
91
105
85

84
78
66
70
82

119
114
102
107
107

98
105
93
104
84

92
79
75
66
76

119
120
102
110
106

1930 ______
1929 ______
1928 ______
192L _____
1926 ______

82
80
84
60
84

119
104
92
115
97

85
93
90
104
90

85
80
69
69
80

87
98
87
90
88

87
85
71
74
83

97
108
97
100
94

80
80
65
69
83

98
107
97
101
101

83
81
76
63'
82

96
111
97
96
103

91
80
80
60
83

95
113
103
104
107

82
80
83
61
82

97
118
114
104
115

85
79
81
67
75

88
106
109
97
114

90
77
77
69
78

87
92
87
75
67

82
85
89
82
63

103
'108
95
106
85

93
80
76
65
77

93
92
90
68
72

81
101
98
90
105

91
78
77
69
79

1925 ______
1924 ______
1923 ______
1922 ______
192L _____

95
119
107
104
111

83
79
87
63
76

100
110
94
108
89

85
77
91
45
61

94
103
99
113
98

97
86
100
49
68

97
88
105
58
68

96
108
96
99
98

96
107
98
100
96

104
89
108
63
66

93
109
96
95
100

92
96
101
82
67

91
108
99
100
101

92
96
106
91
73

89
110
100
97
102

92
92
101
91
66

89
107
102
96
105

72
59

94
94
92
72
76

85
106
102
94
109

76
69

84
87
86
88
59

87
103
105
95
108

1920 ______
1919 ______

99
88
108
57
65

95
106
96
99
99

75
57

91
98
93
79
72

68
61

89
92
97
85
67

80
70

94
86
103
50
67

88
77

96
86
101
50
69

88
82

96
86
100
55
66

91
77

97
86
103
53
63

87
87

99
85
102
58
64

93
89

86
90
93
76
62

90
59

85
90
98
84
66

81
65

87
89
98
88
64

80
73

86
90
91
93
64

79
65

81
'62

76
66

79
69

82
71

82
75

85
73

79
79

85
81

87
59

t"I
~

~tj
.0

c::
>

;d

88
72

t':l
;d

~
Series App. lO.-PIG IRON PRODUCTION: 1877 TO 1945

tj

{ Dally average. in thousands of gross tons 1

>
~

ORIGINAL DATA

YEAR

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED DATA

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

1945 ______
1944 ______
1943 ______
1942 ______
194L _____

142.4
152.2
149.6
143.2
134.3

145.5
156.7
152.0
143.5
133.9

150.6
156.7
153.1
145.6
135.5

142.4
156.3
149.9
145.7
129.0

144.5
154.1
149.1
146.1
132.5

137.1
150.7
143.9
146.9
135.5

138.3
148.5
144.7
145.5
137.4

1940 ______
1939 ______
1938 ______
1937 ______
1936 ______

122.4
150.1
153.1
144.3
138.0

125.8
148.5
155.5
146.9
140.4

97'.6
149.8
153.3
150.8
140.0

119.8
146.0
151.7
147.8
140.0

l1S.1
70.2
46.1
103.6
65.4

101.9
73.6
46.4
107.1
62.9

94.2
77.2
46.9
111.6
65.8

93.4
68.5
45.9
113.1
80.1

101.2
55.4
40.5
114.1
85.4

113.7
70.6
35.4
103.6
86.2

116.8
76.0
38.8
112.9
83.7

1935 ______
1934 ______
1933 ______
1932 ____ ~_
193L _____

122.1
85.8
48.2
116.3
87.5

124.3
96.0
56.0
113.7
91.0

128.1
117.0
66.2
93.3
96.5

131.0
124.0
75.7
66.9
98.2

47.7
39.2
18.3
31.4
55.3

57.4
45.1
19.8
33.3
61.0

57.1
52.2
17.5
31.2
65.6

55.4
57.6
20.8
28.4
67.3

55.7
65.9
28.6
25.3
64.3

51.'6
64.3
42.2
20.9
54.6

49.0
39.5
57.8
18.5
47.2

1930 ______
1929 ______
1928 ______
1927 ______
192EL _____

56.8
34.0
59.1
17.1
41.3

59.2
29.9
50.7
19.8
39.0

63.8
30.7
43.8
20.8
97.8

68.9
31.9
36.2
21.0
96.8

91.2
111.0
92.6
100.1
107.0

101.4
114.5
100.0
105.0
104.4

104.7
119.8
103.2
112.4
111.0

106.1
122.1
106.2
114.1
115.0

104.3
125.7
105.9
109.4
112.3

97.8
123.9
102.7
103.0
107.8

85.1
122.1
99.1
95.2
104.0

121.21
101.2

81.4

75.9
116.6
102.1
92.5
104.5

69.8
115.7
108.8
89.8
107.6

62.2
106.0
110.1
88.3
107.9

95.1
103.2

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

I June

;d

July

Aug.

124.5 ------- ------- ------144.0 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------150.1 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------------- ------- ------- ------- ------149.8 ------- ------------- ------- ------- ------144.4 ------- ------- ------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------------131.0 ------- ------- - - - - - -121.5 -- ----- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------------------- ------- ------- -------71.3
46.6
45.0
42.3
42.1
38.2
35.4
41.7
51.3
48.1
104.6 104.0 100.5 103.8 107.6 103.6
121.4 123.7
100.5
66.1
61.1
59.3
73.5
86.2 . 90.0
80.6
93.1
68.0
48.2
55.7
51.4
50.8
52.5
51.6
52.7
60.4
33.1
39.6
43.8
47.1
52.8
62.2
64.3
42.5
36.2
38.1
18.5
19.2
15.8
19:1
27.0
42.2
62.2
62.9
17.6
31.7
32.3
28.1
26.1
23.9
20.9
19.9
18.2
31.6
55.9
59.2
59.1
61.7
60.7
54.6
50.8
43.9
53.7
92.1
98,4
94.3
97.3
98.4
97.8
91.5
86.6
91.5
112.1 111.2 107.9 112.0 118.6 123.9
131.3 128.9
108.7
93.5
97.1
93.0
97.4
99.9
106.6 107.7
87.0
101.1 101.9 101.3 104.7 103.2 102.7
103.0
99.7
108.1 101.4 100.0 105.5 105.9 107.8 102.4 101.2
111.8 109.8

Sept.

Oct.

------- ------- ------------- ------- ------------- ------- ------------- ------- ------------ - ------- -------

------- ------- ------------- ------- ------59.6


67.6
121.0
96.8

95.2
98.5

77.2
68.3
100.2

63.0
31.8
53.9
21.1
41.5

65.1
31.3
44.7
21.2
38.6

70.3
32.6
36.9
21.4
87.6

80.7

124.0

108.6
98.4
111.2

71.2

63.5

118.0

108.2

111.0
91.6
109.8

If.J

Nov.

112.3
90.1
110.1

.
.

.
.

8
6
8
1
5,
3

a;

4
6
9

Series App. lO.-PIG IRON PRODUCTION,: 1877 TO 1945--Con.


(Daily average, in thousands of gross tons 1
ORIGINAL DATA

YEAR

Jan.

Feh.

Mar.

------

Apr.

May

1925 ______
1924 ______
1923 ______
1922 ______
192L _____

108.7 114.8 115.0 108.6


94.5
97.4 106.0 111.8 107.8
84.4
104.18 106.94 113.67 118.32 124.76
53.06 58.21 65.68 69.07 74.41
77.95 69.19 51.47 39.77 39.39
1920 ______
97.26 102.72 108.90 91.33
96.31
1919 ______
105.01 99.69 82.61
68.00
1918 ______ 106.53
77.80
1917 ______ 101.64 82.83 103.65 109.61 111.18
1916 ______ 102.75 94.47 104.88 111.17 110.24
106.46 107.67 107.59 108.42
1915 ______
51.66
59.81 66.58 70.55 73.02
1914 ______
60.81 67.45 75.74 75.67 67.51
1913 ______
90.17
92.37
89.15 91. 76 91.04
1912 ______
66.38 72.44 77.59 79.18 81.05
191L _____
56.75 64.09 70.04 68.80 61.08
1910 ______
84.15 85.62 84.45 82.79 77.10
1909 ______
57.99 60.98 59.10 57.96 60.75
1908 ______
33.72 37.16 39.62 38.32 37.60
1907 ______
71.15 73.04 71.82 73.89 74.05
1906 ______
66.74 68.00 69.86 69.11 67.70
1905 ______
57.48
57.05 62.46 64.07 63.35
1904 ______
29.80 41.67 46.82
52.04 49.58
1903 ______
47.51 49.67 51.31 53.61
55.28
1902 ______
46.38 44.92 46.61 49.18 49.77
1901. _____
37.43 40.42
41.14 41.75 43.00
1900 ______
41.52 41.51 40.96 41.05 41.48
1899 ______
33.59 32.47 32.96 34.40 34.92
1898 ______
31.65 31.96 32.16 32,00 31.39
1897 ______
22.36 23.24 24.07 24.30 24.12
1896 ______
28.81 27.33 26.43 26.30 25.76
1895 ______
23.09 22.14 21.62 21.45 21.35
1894 ______
14.16 15.10 17.20 17.21 12.44
1893 ______
23.54 23.76 24.33 24.70 24.45
1892 ______
25.81 25.86 25.55 24.47 23.42
1891. _____
19.95 17.37 15.09 13.92 16.24
1890 ______
22.67 23.23 23.77 24.02 24.24
1889 ______
19.55 19.18 19.23 18.77 17.94
1888 ______
16.26 14.59 14.48 15.17 15.61
188L _____
16.26 16.54 16.71 17.03 14.65
1886 ______
12.19 11.96 12.81 14.23 15.03

co
CJ.:>
CJ.:>

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

~~l~~

89.1
85.9
87.2
90.8
97.5 100.8
67.5
57.6
68.4 ' 79.9
60.9
83.7
122.55 118.66 111.27 104.18 101.
59 96.48
78.70 77.59
58.59 67.79 85.09 94.99
35.49 27.89 30.78 32.85 40.22
47.18
101. 45 98.94 101. 53 104.31 106.21
70.50 78.34 88.50 82.93 60.12 97.83
110.79 110.35 109.34 113.94 112.48 79.75
109.00 107.82 104.77 104.47 106.55 111.80
107.05 104.02 103.35 106.75 113.19 106.86
110.39
79.36 82.69 89.67 95.09 100.82
63.93 63.15 64.36 62.75 57.36 101.24
50.61
87.62 82.60 82.12 83.53 82.14
81.36 77.77 '81.05 82.13 86.77 74.44
87.70
59.59 57.84 62.15 66.57 67.81
66.65
75.52 69.31 67.96 68.54 67.52
64.36 67.85 72.55 79.51 83.86 63.66
36.40 39.29 43.87 47.30 50.56 84.92
74.49 72.76 72.59 72.78 75.39 52.60
65.89 64.95 62.15 65.70 70.87 60.94
72.92
59.78 56.19
59.47 63.32 66.23
43.19 36.16 37.83 45.26 46.94 67.12
55.77 49.88 50.68 51.79 45.99 49.55
34.65
48.23
46.51 47.36 47.29 47.77
43.65 44.10 43.42 43.67 44.59 47.76
45.40
40.45 36.55 32.82 31.32 30.22
35.78 36.71 37.Hi 38.11 39:64 30.76
30.53 29.65 29.55 30.37 31.58 40.96
23.71 23.40 24.78 27.18 29.22 32.90
24.89 22.96 19.33 16.13 15.85 30.80
18.14
22.44 24.31 26.47 28.35 30.12
31.21
10.61 14.43 19.11 21.56 22.36 23.50
22.57 17.95 13.01 10.65 10.49 12.45
22.93 22.07 20.99 21.20 22.62
20.53 23.04 23.55 24.56 25.93 23.84
26.49
23.92 22.94 22.65 23.49 23.85 24.07
17.67 18.03 18.18 18.75 20.18 21.43
15.23 15.19 16.00 16.70 17.58
12.13 12.97 15.42 17.57 18.35 18.73
15.30 15.13 14.78 14.88 15.39 18.47
15.63

104.9
95.5
94.22
99.58
53.20
87.22
84.94
110.76
93.00
102,54
103.33
48.90
63.99
89.77
65.91
57.35
85.02
56.16
39.82
72.11
65.99
52.13
27.31
49.59
40.85
33.38
41.42
33.61
31. 59
20.73
30.37
23.70
13.99
23.95
26.28
23.07
22.16
19.65
17.97
15.84

SEASONALLY ADXOSTED DATA

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

94.5 100.7
99.1
96.1
94.5
84.7
93.0
96.4
95.4
84.4
104.18 106.94 113.67 118.32 124.76
53.06
58.21 65.68 69.07 74.41
77.80 68.08 49.66 39.08 38.73
97.72 101.39 105.20 89.74
107.90 103.99 96.61 81.H) 94.84
66.99
79.80 82.60 100.46 107.65 109.40
105.20 94.84 101. 62 108.89 108.39
107.15 107.15 104.23 105.20 106.66
54.20 60.26 64.42 69.02 71.94
63.97 67.76 73.45 73.79 66.68
94.84 92.47 86.70 89.33 90.16
69.66 72.11 75.68 77.09 80.54
59.29 63.53 68.39 66.83 60.81
87.50 84.53 82.60 80.35 76.91
59.98 60.12
57.94 56.10 60.67
34.67 36.64 38.90 37.15 37.41
72.61 72.11 70.47 71.45 73.45
67.76 67.14 68.55 66.83 66.68
58.21 56.36 61.38 61.80 61.94
29.92 41.30 45.81 50.00 48.08
47.53
49.20 50.23 51.40 53.46
46.13 44.46 45.60 47.21 47.97
36.98 40.09 40.27 40.09 41.50
40.83
41.12 40.09 39.36 40.18
32.96 32.06 32.28 33.11 33.96
30.97 31.62 31.48 30.83 30.83
21.83 22.96 23.60 23.55 23.93
28.12 27.04 26.00 25.64 25.88
22.49 21.88 21.28 20.99 21.63
13.77 14.93 16.98 16.94 12.68
22.91 23.50 23.99 24.43 24.95
25.12 25.64 25.18 24.27 23.99
19.41 17.22 14.89 13.84 16.63
22.08 23.01 23.44 23.88 24.83
19.01 19.01 18.92 18.62 18.32
15.81 14.42 14.22 15.07 15.89
15.81 16.29 16.33 16.87 14.86
11.83 11.75 12.47 14.03 15.21

1885 ______
1884 ______
1883 ______
1882 ______
1881. _____

9.05
9.94
12.00
10.98
9.71

9.80
9.67
12.02
11.34
9.93

10.10
9.82
11.88
11.25
10.03

9.90
10.22
11.49
11.03
9.97

9.71
10.45
11.18
10.80
9.80

9.60
10.59
11.08
10.57
9.64

9.84
10.74
11.04
10.30
9.49

1880 ______
1879 ______
1878 ______
1877 ______

9.90
10.23
10.98
10.24
9.44

9.80
9.85
10.92
10.48
9.54

10.23
9.90
10;77
11.15
9.69

9.25
5.51
5.70
4.71

11.20
10.09
10.62
11.56
9.95

9.59
5.54
5.90
4.78

12.10
9.44
10.38
11.83
10.36

9.75
5.58
5.98
4.83

8.79
9.62
11.61
10.64
9.38

9.57
9.40
11.64
10.96
9;59

9.74
5.63
5.90
4.85

9.50
5.74
5.76
4.80

9.79
9.48
11.43
10.81
9.64

9.07
5.98
5.63
4.72

9.75
10.00
11.22
10.76
9.71

8.60
6.40
5.45
4.70

8.45
6.84
5.32
4.74

8.60
7.31
5.25
4.84

8.89
7.83
5.32
5.00

9.15
8.33
5.40
5.20

9.42
8.83
5.47
5.43

8.95
5.35
5.56
4.63

9.29
5.38
5.74
4.66

9.38
5.38
5.79
4.69

9.48
5.50
5.77
4.76

9.77
10.50
11.17
10.76
9.75
9.44
5.7Q
5.71
4.76

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

96.8 102.3 111.8 106.8 100.5


73.4
68.6
78.1
80.5
82.4
122.55 118.66 111.27 104.18 101.59
78.70 77.59
58.59 67.79 85.09
35.85 28.75 32.06 33.52 40.22
102.09 102.09 106.17 106.17 105.20
70.79 80.54 91.83 84.14 59.43
110.92 112:98 112.72 114.55 110.92
108.39 110.15 107.15 104.23 104.95
106.41 106.17 105.44 105.44 110.92
78.89 84.33 91.20 93.54 98.40
63.53 64.71 65.31 61.52
55.85
87.30 85.11 83.18 81.66 79.80
81.10 80.54 82.41 80.17 83.95
59.70 60.12 63.39 64.86 65.61
75.86 72.28 69.50 66.99 65.31
64.86 70.79 74.47 77.98 81.28
36.64 40.83
45.08 46.67 49.09
74.82 75.51 74.82 72.28 73.45
66.07 67.30 64.12 65.77 69.50
59.70 58.08 61.52 63.97 65.46
42.95 37.15 39.26 46.03
46.67
55.46 51.17 52.72
52.84 46.03
47.86 47.75 49.43
48.64 47.97
43.35 45.19 45.50 45.08 44.98
40.27
35.81
30.76
24.04
25.41

37.58
37.93
30.76
24.38
24.04

34.51
39.17
31.19
26.18
20.42

32.36
39.45
31.33
27.99
16.56

Nov.

Dec.

99.8
82.9
96.48
94.99
46.71

99.9
91.0
94.22
99.58
52.67

96.83 87.10
79.07 85.31
110.92 111.94
106.66 94.41
110.15 104.95
101.16 106.17
50.70 50.35
74.47 65.92
87.50 92.26
66.22 67.61
62.95
83.75
51.88
60;12
72.11

58.88
87.10
57.28
40.64
73.45

66.68
49.43
34.67
47.86
45.50

67.14
52.97
27.73
50.23
41.21

30.48
39.99
31.77
29.17
15.81

30.83
40.83
32.58
30.27
17.70

33.50
41.21
33.19
30.90
20.09

23.01
10.91
23.28
23.66
21.18

25.59
15.21
18.97
23.33
24.27

27.99
20.14
17.26
22.08
24.66

29.04
22.03
10.84
21. 53
.24.95

29.92
22.13
10.38
22.28
25.59

30.13
22.54
11.88
22.70
25.23

29.11
22.59
13.30
22.75
25.00

24.66
18.20
15.67
12.47
15.70

24.10
18.84
15.81
13.46
15.67

23.66
18.92
16.60
15.96
15.31

23.88
19.10
17.06
18.07
15.38

23.55
20.00
17.46
18.32
15.42

22.96
20.51
18.03
17.82
15.17

21.98
21.18
18.79
17.30
15.35

9.84
10.86
11.38
10.81
9.86

10.16
11.09
11.38
10.62
9.75

10.26
10.62
11.40
10.64
9.84

10.14
10.23
11.38
10.94
9.95

10.30
10.00
10.91
11.32
9.84

10.94
9.93
10.52
11.51
9.98

11.78
9.20
10.16
11.61
10.19

9.27
6.10
5.73
4.79

8.83
6.55
5.56
4.78

8.81
7.11
5.52
4.90

8.97
7.60
5.43
4.99

9.06
7.98
5.41
5.07

9.18
8.39
5.43
5.24

9.29
8.73
5.42
5.40

fod
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. ~ Series App. 11-12.-RAILROAD FREIGHT TON-MILES: 1866 TO 1945

~
~

t:

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[In billions of ton-miles]

>I:>-

Series App. 11:

1945 ______
1944 ______
1943 ______
1942 ______
1941 ______

,=.

lAP,.

1 F,b. 1 MM.

?:.

>

INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION

Original data

YEAR

M-

1 May 1 Jun' 1 July 1 Aug. I Sept. 1 Oct. I Nov. 1

n".

'1:l

'?
8,",0=lIy adj=ted data

I-"
I-"

,.". I Feb. 1 MM. I Ap,. I May I June I July I Aug. I Sept. 1 Oct. I Nov. I D.o.

56.8
60.5
55.1
43.0
32.9

55.4
59.3
54.4
40.8
31.2

64.4
62.7
61.2
48.3
37.2

61.4
60.3
59.0
50.0
29.0

64.2
64.1
62.2
54.3
39.7

62.5
61.7
58.0
53.9
40.7

60.7
62.5
63.7
57.0
42.8

1940 ______
1939 ______
1938 ______
1937 ______
1936 ______

56.8
64.5
65.1
58.6
45.5

52.7
61.1
62.5
58.2
44.3

49.8
63.8
65.2
62.2
47.7

29.7
25.6
23.8
29.9
25.0

49.8
59.4
59.9
57.0
42.6

46.3
57.2
60.6
55.0
41.3

27.2
23.1
21.1
29.0
26.3

28.2
26.0
23.6
33.4
25.3

60.4
64.4
58.6
45.7
34.0

27.4
21.7
20.7
29.5
25.2

60.9
65.2
59.8
44.8
33.9

30.3
23.3
21. 5
31.0
26.9

62.5
60.8
59.4
46.8
37.2

30.1
25.9
21.8
29.1
26.2

62.0
60.9
59.6
50.5
32.9

33.5
28.7
25.2
30.8
29.2

61.9
61.1
. 57.4
53.3
42.4

34.2
33.4
26.7
32.0
30.2

58.4
60.1
61.3
54.8
43.3

36.0
37.3
30.0
33.7
34.1

53.6
60.8
61.4
55.3
42.9

21.3
21.1
17.8
19.1
26.0

29.5
25.1
22.9
31.6
28.6

49.8
61.5
65.2
59.2
44.4

24.6
24.9
17.4
21.2
27.1

30.6
26.4
24.5
30.8
25.8

51.3
61.2
61.7
58.8
44.0

21.8
20.9
17.3
19.5
24.5

32.3
28.7
25.6
24.8
31.0

47.9
61.4
62.7
59.8
45.9

22.4
21.5
18.0
20.4
27.3

33.1
32.6
26.3
26.9
31.1

51.6
60.0
61.3
57.0
43.4

1935 ______
1934 ______
1933 ______
1932 ______
1931. _____

31.2
27.3
23,8
30.6
28.3

61.1
61.0
59.2
51.7
41.4

22.1
22.7
19.8
17.9
26.9

28.2
26.0
23.6
33.4
25.3

23.1
22.7
21.5
16.8
25.8

31.2
24.6
23.5
33.5
28.7

20.8
21.9
24.1
17.1
27.6

31.6
24.3
22.4
32.3
28.0

25.4
23.4
23.8
20.8
25.7

31.5
27.5
24.1
30.9
28.6

28.5
24.3
24.2
24.1
27.6

32.2
27.6
24.3
29.6
28.0

25.1
21.7
21.7
19.9
23.0

31.4
30.6
24.5
29.3
27.7

32.2
31.6
25.5
26.1
30.2

31.2
34.7
32.1
33.4
31.9

23.1
22.9
19.2
21.7
29.0

31.6
36.0
35.4
37.6
35.4

23.7
23.0
19.0
21.4
27.0

33.3
29.6
26.4
25.6
32.0

32.9
35.3
32.3
34.8
33.6

23.7
21.0
19.9
19.2
20.7

30.3
31.3
25.2
28.3
28.6

1930 ______
1929 ______
1928 ______
192L _____
1926 ______

23.4
22.8
24.1
18.1
26.9

31.4
27.0
22.7
30.4
27.3

31.5
34.9
32.2
33.5
32.9

33.0
37.8
35.6
36.2
35.7

24.6
25.2
17.5
21.4
27.4

24.2
22.7
19.1
20.5
27.9

23.0
22.9
20.0
18.1
27.2

24.1
23.4
22.2
17.3
26.6

36.2
44.0
44.9
41.6
43.9

22.5
21.5
22.8
17.1
25.4

29.6
35.4
38.6
34.3
40.4

23.3
21.4
21.9
19.1
23.6

31.9
33.0
35.3
29.5
24.2
32.9

34.2
38.1
35.3
36.7
35.4

24.4
22.6
21.4
20.7
22.2

30.6
32.1
29.5
25.5
22.2
30.3

35.0
37.5
34.4
37.0
35.4

24.4
21.7
21.8
19.9
23.0

33.1
30.6
34.0
23.7
26.6
32.0

26.6
32.9
34.7
31.4
36.6

24.0
20.6
20.5
20.5
23.4

1925 ______
1924 ______
1923 ______
1922 ______
1921. _____
1920 ______

33.6
40.4
39.6
39.0
40.7

21.0
21.6
23.9
16.9
27.4

30.4
29.1
34.8
22.3
23.1
27.3

33.2
30.5
36.0
25.1
25.3
32.9

32.0
36.4
35.8
38.0
35.7

33.8
37.6
34.6
36.0
36.6

33.3
38.2
36.0
36.5
36.8

32.1
37.8
34.8
35.9
37.6

32.1
37.7
35.0
34.1
38.7

40.4
39.3
38.3
36;0
32.6
39.1

32.1
38.7
36.4
36.0
37.5

37.2
34.8
34.7
34.7
26.9
34.7

30.8
37.1
36.4
35.8
37.6

34.9
33.1
30.6
32.8
23.3
31.6

30.7
37.3
38.1
35.2
36.9

34.9
32.2
35.8
25.0
29.3
35.2

29.6
35.4
38.6
34.3
38.1

28.6
35.4
37.3
33.7
37.8

34.0
35.7
32.7
28.3
27.1
36.9

32.2
33.3
35.7
29.8
25.5
34.6

33.7
32.3
38.7
24.8
25.6
30.4

34.2
31.5
37.1
25.8
24.8
32.3

. 34.5
30.8
36.0
27.9
24.9
34.4

35.2
30.5
35.2
25.2
24.0
35.0

35.5
30.8
34.2
26.3
25.0
35.6

35.2
32.8
32.8
29.3
25.6
34.7

33.9
33.0
32.2
30.3
28.1
33.7

35.1
32.8
32.7
32.8
26.3
34.0

36.0
34.1
31.5
33.8
24.5
33.3

Series App. 12:

31.2
36.7
33.8
34.8
35.7
32.8
28.8
34.2
26.5
25.4
35.0

32.4
38.1
35.4
34.4
37.9
34.5
29.9
34.5
24.7
25.4
37.1

34.0
41.0
38.6
38.2
39.7
37.7
32.6
36.2
27.9
27.5
39.2

38.0
35.4
35.4
31.7
27.8
37.9

BABSON: SEASONALLY ADJUSTED DATA

YEAR

Jan.
1922 ______
1921. _____

24.38
31.10

Feb.

Series App. 12:


Mar.

Apr.

May

July
Aug.
- - - - - - - - - - - - -June
--------

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

26.77
27.24

29.18
24.49

27.84
25.14

25.86
26.42

26.84
26.13

26.26
25.81

25.50
25.69

27.56
25.64

29.53
26.37

31.54
26.50

33.10
24:66

33.94
32.49
32.41
30.01
28.40

33.40
30.20
31.29
31.13
29.73

33.30
29.96
31.41
30.84
30.60

1920 ______
1919 ______
1918 ______
1917 ______
1916 ______

32.96
31.00
28.78
31.51
28.87

35.03
28.75
29.91
31.76
29.87

34.61
26.54
34.18
30.01
30.74

31.97
27.89
36.71
31.06
29.44

31.81
30.16
36.43
34.95
27.43

34.15
30.15
35.34
36.40
26.49

35.70
30.76
33.59
34.85
27.61

1915 ______
1914 ______
1913 ______
1912 ______
1911. _____

36.32
31.17
33.45
32.29
28.66

35.51
31.81
34.12
30.22
28.64

21.76
23.93
26.43
21.33
21.17

22.53
23.12
26.88
22.53
20.81

22.88
23.61
25.52
23.19
20.49

22.90
23.48
24.22
22.10
20.66

23.26
22.17
25.27
22.01
21.16

23.62
22.33
25.65
22.56
21.16

24.09
23.08
24.75
22.95
20.69

1910 ______
1909 ______
1908 ______
1907 ______
1906 ______

24.00
23.10
24.80
23.08
20.82

24.84
23.22
24.18
22.90
21.22

26.44
23.13
24.26
23.48
21.16

28.33
22.14
24.65
24.89
21.12

29.64
21.68
24.52
25.84
21.33

20.58
18.69
18.03
19.89
18.55

21.33
18.62
17.71
20.19
19.08

21.90
18.97
17.38
20.03
18.68

22.13
19.10
17.23
20.55
17.87

21.79
19.00
17.02
21.36
17.93

21 71
19.24
16.98
21.37
18.49

1905 ______
1904 ______
1903 ______
1902 ______
1901. _____

21.30
19.78
17.61
21.18
18.54

21.08
20.22
18.02
21.12
18.68

21.18
20.63
18.37
20.49
18.56

20.89
20.91
18.73
20.12
18.57

20.81
21.18
18.61
19.87
18.84

21.10
20.72
18.72
18.80
19.15

15.69
14.55
14.96
13.15
12.57

15.24
14.80
15.23
13.35
12.71

15.66 16.38
14.92 14.80
14.91 15.29
12.97 . 13.50
12.60 12.80

16.53
14.84
15.48
13.81
13.01

16.70
14.85
15.29
13.52
13.02

1900 ______
1899 ______
1898 ______
1897 _____ -.:
1896 ______

16.55
14.73
15.43
13.57
13.03

16.65
14.84
15.31
13.66
13.14

17.08
15.33
15.09
13.76
12.90

17.20
15.45
15.02
14.06
12.81

17.48
15.64
14.73
14.22
12.94

17.89
15.85
14.58
14.30
12.70

11.53
10.20
9.23
7.82
8.12

11.76
9.91
9.39
7.95
8.19

11.77
10.09
9.58
8.04
7.93

11.76
10.45
9.69
8.06
7.77

11.76
10.52
9.85
8.16
7.77

12.00 11.95
10.92 ,11.21
9.62
9.27
8.38
8.68
7.86
7.94

11.70
11.20
7.75

~:~~

11.68
11.33
9.89
9.11
7.69

11.66
11.44
9,99
9.05
7.87

11.76
11.45
10.13
9.02
7.79

7.15

7.11

12.05
11.41
10.27
9.25
7.75

7.17

7.46

7.54

7.65

7.73

7.94

8.18

8.09

1895 ______

7.51

7.48

189L ______
1893 _______
1892 _______
1891. ______

Feb.

7.03
7.84
7.58
7.25

6.92
7.89
7.80
7.24

1890 _______ 6.49


1889 _______ 5.82 6.58
1888 _______ 5.10 5.93
5.20
1887 _______
4.76
1886 _______ 4.79
4.04 4.18
1885 _______ 3.93
3.92
1884 _______ 3.71 3.78
1883 _______
3.66
1882 _______ 3.70 3.67
1881. ______ 3.27 3.68
3.31
1880 _______ 3.19
1879 _______ 2.62 3.24
1878 _______ 2.31 2.73
1877 _______ 1.94 2.42
1876 _______ 1.90 1.89
1.93
1875 _______ l,. 72
1.58
1874- ______ l. 74
1.74
1873 _______ 1.50 1.56
1872 _______
1.30 1.38
1871. ______ 1.11 1.13
1870 _______ 0.97
1869 _______ 0.88 0.99
0.87
1868 ______ _ 0.71 0.72
1867 _______ 0.61
0.61
1866 _____________

------

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BABSON: SEASONALLY ADJUSTED DATA

YEAR

Jan.

I
N

I-"

!;d

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

7.02
8.17
7.90
7.01

7.13
8.33
7.71
7.13

7.05
8.42
7.68
7.29

6.88
8.49
7.81
7.32

6.55
8.09
7.93
7.52

6.74
7.39
7.89
7.60

7.03
7.21
8.00
7.65

7.06
7.43
7.83
7.67

7.21
7.44
7.69
7.59

7.13;
7.23:
7.83:
7.66

6.50
5.84
5.26
4.97
4.55

6.58
5.84
5.20
5.11
4.51

6.78
5.94
5.32
4.98
4.42

6.83
5.96
5.46
5.01
4.51

6.85
6.08
5.51
5.00
4.61

6.92
6.32
5.48
4.98
4.63

7.05
6.28
5.52
5.06
4.67

7.05
6.25
5.55
5.06
4.70

6.96
6.30
5.56
5.19
4.66

7.0a:
6.31
5.60
5.28
4.74.

3.94
3.80
3.73
3.58
3.31

3.98
3.90
3.71
3.55
3.43

3.93
4.06
3.63
3.59
3.59

3.90
3.98
3.70
3.61
3.84

3.90
3.90
3.66
3.61
3.83

3.80
3.90
3.77
3.60
3.62

3.83
3.91
3.91
3.60
3.51

4.08
3.92
3.91
3.58
3.38

4.14
3.84
3.97
3.60
3.40

4.16'
3.8ll'
3.8f
3.62
3.5e

3.21
2.69
2.32
1.87
1.91

3.21
2.56
2.30
1.83
1.84

3.24
2.55
2.25
1.78
1.85

3.30
2.55
2.13
1.79
1.92

3.29
2.68
2.18
1.74
1.89

3.21
2.82
2.39
1.82
1.87

3.20
2.89
2.37
2.00
1.92

3.27
3.06
2.32
2.07
1.95

3.35
3.05
2.51
2.16
1.97

3.31
3.0:3:
2.59
2.Hi
1.97

1.62
1.66
1.63
1.35
1.17

1.74
1.67
1.68
1.35
1.20

1.75
1.70
1.68
1.38
1.21

1.73
1.70
1.69
1.39
1.23

1.78
1. 72
1.69
1.41
1.23

1.76
1.70
1.66
1.44
1.26

1.70
1.65
1.69
1.45
1.29

1.75
1.64
1.69
1.49
1.25

1.83
1.66
1.60
1.52
l.24

1.88
1.73
1.63
l.49
1.24

1.01
0.93
0.70
0.60

0.99
0.95
0.71
0.63

1.05
0.91
0.74
0.65

1.13
0.94
0.73
0.62

1.12
0.95
0.74

1.15
0.92
0.78

1.16
0.91
0.82

0.67

0.71

l.14
0.93
0.82

l.16
0.92
0.78

1.12
0.98
0.82

July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.


- -- -- -- -- - -- - - - - - --_.

- ----- - ----- -

----- -

0.63

---_ .. _ 0.58

0.55

0.73

0.56

0.73

0.61

o.n
0.61

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Series App. 13.-INDEX OF DEPARTMENT STORE SALES: 1919 TO 1945

B... ,

1'35-193'~1". F" revi'ions, 1938-1946, ... B~ni ot Gov=o", 01 tho F.d&al """""" System, "D",a_t 8toro Sal.. Index.... (mlm,,), Nov. 19, 1948, relewoed too late I " inclusion h.,.j
ORIGINAL DATA

YEAR

Jan.

\ Feh. \ ",,,.\ AI".

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED DATA

De.

Jan.

Feb.

M.,.

Ap,.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sepc

0"'-

I Nov. I Dec.

1945 ______
1944 ______
1943 ______
1942 ______
194L _____

156
138
129
124
91

171
142
156
117
97

213
170
144
140
111

175
173
164
141
130

183
178
156
133
132

1940 ______
1939 ______
1938 ______
193L _____
1936 ______

186
163
155
124
124

164
142
127
107
101

168
157
140
127
131

82
78
78
81
69

209
196
174
161
151

231
209
187
170
138

84
80
79
85
73

103
95
88
102
86

274
248
214
188
158

353
321
274
262
231

105
106
100
105
97

111
104
95
112
101

197
174
163
156
118

213
177
157
144
123

82
76
71
78
75

96
84
77
84
80

184
176
161
145
128

127
117
106
115
106

190
185
162
138
133

214
186
168
144
137

63
57
54
51

111
105
95
111
100

94
88
80
77
94

114
105
96
109
100

83
91
87
92
88

84
84
73
77
102

109
123
120
110
112

89
81
73
75
101

99

109
104
106
94
97

114
117
113
114
111

104
103
105
90
91

112
119
112
113
109

92
86
77
68
88

111
109
103
96
93

113
117
114
115
113

91
83
73
70
90

99
94
98
80
93

175
199
203
194
193

88
82
76
74
91

92
90
83
73
82

119
132
132
133
132

89
82
75
73
91

90
91
85
77
87

118
128
124
124
127

88
84
82
69
94

1925 ______
1924 ______
1923 ______
1922 ______
192L _____

77
85
86
83
83

85
83
72
81
107

88
80
75

104
113
108
107
106

89
85
63
79
104

101
113
102
102
104

112
115
113
112
116

85
80
67
84
104

120
109
101
103
i05

116
109
111
116
109

84
79
68
86
105

114
109
99
108
104

99
113
103
100
102

159
148
132
115
150

117
107
98
108
100

94
97
94
96
93

103
93
82
79
102

117
104
96
106
100

92
96
96
97
95

98
90
84
82
100

113
105
98
108
103

71

70
67
64
54
73

109
105
98
108
96

1930 ______
1929 ______
1928 ______
1927 ______
1926 ______

85
77
70
71
96

108
104
99
107
95

221
200
171
131
131

85
85
74
77
102

107
102
101
108
92

220
199
173
156
136

88
81
75
80
106

108
102
103
106
90

214
193
172
157
128

79
81
56
75
97

208
195
177
176
180

205
192
167
153
139

68
65
54
69
86

137
123
114
116
119

202
188
167
152
157

65
62
54
69
85

124
120
110
121
116

203
178
170
136
132

1935 ______
1934 ______
1933 ______
1932 ______
193L _____

109
100
92
104
96

206
171
188
143
121

83
79
82
70
68

112
115
113
112
116

104
103
102
91
82

108
118
113
112
111

130
112
118
107
101

107
118
118
113
114

108
79

101
81

108
106
104
89
96

103
117
119
115
115

96
82

109
107
99
88
98

105
116
115
115
114

96

106
107
98
89
100

107
116
113
113
115

79
64

186
175
173
162
143

106
120
119
111
114

87
65

129
125
123
113
103

107
117
112
118
114

1920 ______
1919 ______

80
76
78
69
70

112
112
110
112
110

78
64

109
105
105
93
95

77
65

108
104
105
92
94

94
82

107
106
107
92
92

109
95

108
103
105
92
93

118
108

108
102
106
93
89

107
106
106
96
87

153
146

98
73

118
101
107
96
91

111
107
105
97
88

95
77

99
78

112
106
106
100
89

98
79

105
77

102
81

104
85

103
87

101
89

97
85

100
91

95
92

71

71

~t?:l
t>1

o>:tj
t:J
t?:l

>
~
~

~
t?:l

rI.l
~

t?:l

rI.l

>
t"'
t?:l

Series App. 14.-BANK CLEARINGS, NEW YORK CITY: 1853 TO 1922

00

[ Daily average, in millions of dollars I


ORIGINAL DATA
YEAR

Jan.

co
co

01

I Feb. I Mar. I Apr. I May 1June I July I Aug. I Sept. I

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED DATA

Oct.

I Nov. I

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

I Mar. I Apr. I ~~y I June 1July I Aug. I Sept. I Oct. I Nov. I Dec.

1922 ______
192L _____

557.9
599.1

547.9
518.9

603.9
538.1

625.3
517.9

619.8
511.2

670.4
561.6

1920 ______
1919 ______
1918 ______
1917 ______
1916 ______

591.5
495.3

546.4
469.5

576.2
502.6

748.7
576.2
474.8
488.0
397.6

634.4
517.0

625.7
506.9
437.8
456.9
383.0

577.7
560.8

720.4
531.8
446.5
459.0
404.8

609.6
596.0

726.7
577.8
469.8
488.4
387.4

521.4
587.4

636.8
609.1
501.9
502.7
405.2

559.1
570.2

569.7
584.9

639.8
705.6
496.8
489.8
369.0

601.3
517.9

577.0
629.9
482.5
473.5
379.6

626.1
501.2

644.6
534.9

620.1
653.7
455.5
462.8
478.5

616.1
485.6

666.5
765.0
545.7
507.2
506.8

613.9
521.7

278.6
233.5
256.9
283.2
256.7

687.6
557.0
481.1
502.1
420.9

564.4
573.1

293.7
284.9
268.5
294.3
232.3

734.0
564.9
465.5
478.4
389.8

589.5
539.2

244.0
253.2
254.4
271.5
245.9

676.8
772.5
537.4
471.4
546.3

640.8
474.3

231.5
258.5
278.4
252.2
260.5

647.8
752.9
520.2
494.5
555.1

626.3
518.1

1915 ______ 235.1


1914 ______
1913 ______ 302.3
1912 ______ 301.2
191L _____ 285.0
275.2

683.6
658.5
495.3
570.0
418.5
267.5
261.5
258.5
265.4
273.9

783.0
578.0
485.3
498.9
440.0

280.5
263.9
236.9
255.5
242.4

726.7
577.8
469.8
488.4
387.4

275.4
147.8
218.1
241.5
238.2

624.3
597.2
492.1
492.8
397.3

320.8
154.3
248.5
247.8
239.5

651.0
627.1
471.7
542.9
398.6

411.0
181.0
280.4
327.1
242.3

627.3
691.8
487.1
480.2
361.8

641.1
699.9
536.1
526.1
421.8

394.3
180.0
252.9
294.0
269.1

639.3
673.9
469.6
477.1
493.3

397.8
210.6
258.1
284.2
261.7

611.5
701.8
500.6
465.3
465.0

230.5
296.4
295.3
279.4
241.4

622.9
723.9
500.2
475.5
533.8

254.4
284.1
305.9
277.1
260.5

650.8
743.8
516.7
453.3
525.3

265.2
275.2
276.5
295.1
241.1

293.7
284.9
268.5
294.3
219.2

273.1
228.9
251.9
277.6
259.3

254.8
249.0
246.2
252.8
291.4

275.0
258.7
232.3
250.5
263.5

306.0
164.2
242.3
268.3
283.6

330.7
159.1
256.2
255.5
263.2

377.1
166.1
257.2
300.1
237.5

379.1

173.. 1
243.2
282.7
253.9

382.5

202.5
248.2
273.3
242.3

ti
~
~

>
"d

'?

c:.:

.....I

Series App. 14.-BANK CLEARINGS, NEW YORK CITY: 1853 TO 1922.-Con.


c.o
c.o

t:I

[ Daily average, in millions of dollars]

0':>

ORIGINAL DATA

YEAR

'?

SEASONALLy ADJUSTED DATA

\
1910 ______
1909 ______
1908 ______
190L _____
1906 ______

J=. I F,b. I M". I Ap,. I May I J=e I July I Aug. I S'pC I Dot. I Nov. I Dec.

Jan.

I Feb. I M"I Ap'. I May I June I July I Aug. ! Sept. I Oct. ! NOV.!

....
t(:o.

nec.

362.9
286.6
217.8
310.9
362.5

291.1
246.0
168.8
261.8
297.3

291 . .8
241.5
177.5
308.5
270.2

278.1
287.2
182.9
255.6
284.8

251.8
261.2
215.2
236.6
283.6

278.8
303.7
188.5
212.3
260.5

254.2
268.4
213.5
235.9
234.1

208.5
280.2
200.8
222.3
284.9

207.7
282.6
226.1
201.0
277.1

1905 ______ 249.5


1904- _____ 183.6
1903 ______ 231.8
1902 ______ 223.5
1901. _____ 233.7

255.0
324.3
233.4
264.4
301.4

260.5
302.1
273.0
183.4
286.9

258.9
319.6
298.9
172.6
297.7

318.3
251.4
191.1
272.7
318.0

254.2
152.8
187.2
191.0
200.8

291.1
246.0
168.8
261.8
297.3

281.7
155.0
193.7
177.6
222.2

286.1
236.8
174.0
302.5
264.9

289.4
159.7
198.1
245.1
287.9

262.4
270.9
172.5
241.1
268.7

254.3
156.2
179.8
219.5
300.8

224.5
152.3
191.6
165.6
228.7

254.3
263.8
217.4
239.0
286.5

220.6
167.6
192.8
212.7
196.2

296.6
323.1
200.5
225.9
277.1

225.2
150.2
150.5
187.6
159.0

276.3
291.7
232.1
256.4
254.5

228.6
178.5
143.0
226.8
168.2

248.2
333.6
239.0
264.6
339.2

284.8
277.9
153.6
218.0
212.3

250.0
317.9
228.8
259.2
295.5

245.8
285.0
257.5
173.0
270.7

312.6
274.2
177.3
198.9
203.7

239.7
295.9
276.8
159.8
275.6

1900 ______ 150.5


1899 ______ 183.6
1898 ______ 119.0
1897 ______
83.5
1896 ______
82.7

258.9
241.2
168.8
241.8
192.0

228.2
310.5
248.5
220.0
304.5

218.9
161.1
203.3
196.1
209.4

254.2
152.8
187.2
191.0
200.8

140.9
162.5
125.6
73.0
81.8

156.0
190.4
110.3
77 .0
74.7

276.2
152.0
189.9
174.1
217.8

157.2
185.9
95.6
75.0
79.8

273.0
150.7
186.9
231.2
271.6

144.4
178.2
101. 5
74.7
75.5

256.9
157.8
181.6
221.7
303.8

129.1
159.3
108.9
85.7
80.5

114.6
142.6
96.0
91.4
80.0

238.8
162.0
203.8
176.2
243.3

102.7' 105.2
140.6 146.7
113.3 113.8
94.7 115.1
63.6
68.8

239.8
182.2
209.6
231.2
213.3

300.2
178.8
179.2
223.3
189.3

190.1
165.1
132.5
104.0
89.6

253.8
236.5
165.5
237.1
188.2

268.7
262.2
144.9
205.7
200.3

191.8
172.5
150.1
115.8
85.7

289.4
253.9
164.2
184.2
188.6

1895 ______
1894 ______
1893 ______
1892 ______
1891. _____

147.6
169.6
114.1
107.6
84.3

251.2
196.2
157.1
249.2
184.8

182.0
161.1
104.4
80.3
79.5

77.2
69.9
114.9
114.5
95.4

140.9
162.5
125.6
73.7
82.6

66.6
61.6
109.5
111.6
82.3

72.3
66.1
104.9
105.2
78.9

152.9
186.7
108.1
80.2
77.8

148.3
175.4
90.2
75.8
80.6

79.1
67.3
93.5
102.5
96.5

91.4
67.5
98.6
96.1
93.8

145.9
180.0
102.5
74.7
75.5

82.7
63.3
87.5
93.6
84.8

137.3
169.5
115.9
85.7
80.5

81.5
59.5
77.2
83.2
79.9

124.6
155.0
104.3
100A
87.9

74.7
60.4
63.2
81.8
77.5

122.3
167.4
134.9
110.1
74.0

115.6
161.2
125.1
121.2
72.4

144.7
166.3
111.9
96.1
75.3

93.9
75.4
71.5
116.2
105.1

177.6
159.7
139.0
108.2
80.1

1890 ______
1889 ______
1888 ______
188L _____
1886 ______

86.4
74.7
75.2
106.0
98.3

179.3155.8
125.0
93.7
80.7

74.2
. 67.2
110.5
110.1
91.7

105.6
99.0
81.3
95.6
92.8

67.3
62.2
110.6
112.7
83.1

100.8
96.3
76.3
88.3
98.0

75.3
68.9
109.3
109.6
82.2

91.1
93.2
77.0
91.5
93.7

97.4
91.7
85.7
101.1
80.7

79.9
68.0
94.4
103.5
97.5

122.2
99.4
88.0
90.0
77.8

91.4
67.'5
98.6
96.1
93.8

105.3
102.4
78.5
98.8
91.1

82.7
63.3
87.5
93.6
84.8

91.4
93.7
75.6
83.7
79.9

89.6
65.4
84.8
91.4
87.8

95.5
88.7
77.8
80.4
79.2

86.9
70.2
73.5
95.1
90.1

103.1
90.0
89.3
89.4
86.9

83.3
65.5
64.6
97.5
116.6

115.0
116.7
103.0
96.1
104.8

84.5
65.7
64.2
88.7
94.6

92.5
102.1
96.0
88.4
116.7

87.8
70.5
66.8
108.6
98.2

1885 ______
70.5
1884 __ __ 109.1
1883 ______ 106.7
1882 ______ 139.2
1881. _____ 152.1
U!80 ______ 104.6
1879 ______
71.0
1878 ______
65.0
1877. _____
68.6
1876 ______
65.2
1875 ______
74.8
1874 ______
73.7
1873 .. ____ 102.4
1872 ______
97.1
1871. _____
73.6

111.7
106.8
90.5
97.7
106.1

77.8
67.3
67.7
95.5
88.6

101.5
95.2
78.2
91. 9
89.2

101.8
97.3
77.1
89.2
99.0

94.9
97.1
80.2
95.3
97.6

67.9
102.3
107.1
126.7
155.5

64.9
92.8
99.8
144.0
135.6

98.4
92.6
86.6
102.1
81.5

62.3
96.7
102.8
130.3
123.5

64.4
107.4
103.4
103.8
157.5

122.2
99.4
88.0
90.0
77.8

105.3
102.4
78.5
98.8
91.1

64.1
79.9
100.4
111.6
140.5

76.6
70.3
88.9
114.3
125.3

100.4
103.0
83.1
92.0
87.8

65.8
66.1
96.2
120.2
114.7

111.0
103.1
90.5
93.5
92.1

70.0
68.6
101.4
134.6
113.8

108.5
94.7
94.0
94.1
91.5

102.9
76.5
123.6
141.4
138.1

102.7
104.2
92.0
85.8
93.6

110.6
69.9
96.3
151.0
130.0

100.6
96.2
81.5
88.0
95.6

86.4
95.4
89.7
82.6
109.1

104.5
76.7
104.2
125.6
137.6

67.8
101.0
98.8
128.9
140.8

68.6
100.3
105.0
124.2
152.5

100.9
68.3
53.9

67.6
88.4
95.0
137.1
129.1

62.9
94.8
100.8
127.7
121.1

112.0
60.8
60.0
63.9
62.2

112.5
68.3
67.4
68.2
55.5

64.4
108.5
104.4
104.8
159.1

107.5
78.9
60.6
63.7
57.3

64.1
87.8
110.3
122.6
154.4

97.8
63.1
57.2
61.2
55.1

84.2
83.7
105.8
136.1
149.2

84.0
65.6
59.7
60.3
48.9

76.5
77.8
113.2
141.4
134.9

77.4
74.3
56.5
61. 9
50.5

73.7
77.1
113.9
151.2
127.9

91.9
67: 7
109.4
125.1
122.2

89.8
76.9
55.1
61.6
57.3

104.5
114.2
71.3
73.4
65.0

99.6
62.4
86.0
134.8
116.1

135.8
117.1
67.8
64.6
59.2

97.7
69.7
94.7
114.2
125.1

139.4
101.6
61.3
65.8
62.9

96.9
65.7
60.1
63.5
60.5

98.9
67.0
52.5
67.6
63.7

106.7
57.9
58.3
61.5
59.4

110.3
67.0
64.1
64.1
51.3

108.6
79.7
59.3
61.8
55.1

107.5
69.3
60.1
64.0
57.0

100.0
78.1
66.5
67.3
54.4

91.1
87.4
65.3
71.9
59.2

100.9
86.4
58.9
65.3
60.4

92.5
101.1
65.6
68.4
61.2

121.2
104.6
64.6
62.7
58.2

126.7
92.4
58.2
62.8
60.5

6~.6

65.2

79.1
62.2
61.4
92.6
110.8

94.6
73.6
71.9
99.3
105.9

69.2
65.8
113.8
84.9
69.1

73.4
68.2
106.1
100.2
90.5

75.6
73.7
109.5
118.2
100.3

70.7
65.0
89.7
109.6
94.8

71.1
66.4
76.6
83.2
93.9

64.0
61.4
76.9
72.2
63.4

50.0
50.3
66.7
86.0
67.5

59.8
64.1
78.6
93.7
89.6

62.6
73.3
50.1
125.1
96.8

63.7
69.3
49.9
113.2
79.0

64.9
72.8
63.4
108.5
88.4

70.0
69.7
98.0
93.5
73.6

67.9
65.2
114.0
85~ 7
71.2

69.8
64.7
100.2
94.4
82.3

69.0
66.7
98.9
107.2
85.0

67.3
61.4
84.3
102.6
87.0

72.9
67.6
77.4
83.4
96.8

71.0
67.9
84.9
79.4
73.7

59.0
59.6
79.1
101.9
81.3

62.5
66.7
80.9
96.2
92.4

59.6
70.1
48.1
119.7
92.2

63.7
64.3
50.8
115.1
79.8

62.8
71.0
62.4
107.9
89.3

1870 ______
1869 ______
1868 ______
1867 ______
1866 ______

76.2
90.6
82.6
78.5
76.7

72.6
92.8
82.7
67.3
71.1

76.2
106.6
87.1
68.3
82.2

73.6
112.6
83.3
70.7
79.1

88.6
116.8
73.3
71.5
88.0

76.8
115.2
81.6
64.5
88.0

82.9
97.6
73.3
71.8
74.4

60.4
81.7
75.1
62.9
81.6

61.7
111.1
77.6
74.8
81.1

69.9
83.3
109.2
79.8
111.5

1865 ______
1864 ______
1863 ______
1862 ______
1861. _____

71.0
83.5
106.1
73.1
115.8

79.8
77.4
89.8
64.9
81.3

76.2
90.6
82.6
77.7
75.9

74.8
.95.7
85.3
64.7
68.4

69.3
96.9
79.2
62.1
74.7

83.6
57.1
39.9
14.6
17.0

62.4
95.4
. 70.6
67.3
75.3

77.4
72.0
42.8
15.6
17.0

81.3
107.2
67.2
68.1
83.8

78.4
88.8
42.2
15.9
17.1

54.0
88.2
39.6.
17.2
17.5

79.2
118.8
84.1
66.5
90.7

70.4
60.6
50.0
22;5
14.2

67.8
63.4
40.8
22.0
12.3

96.4
113.5
85.2
78.0
80.9

72.8
98.4
90.5
69.9
90.7

68.8
57.4
40.6
23.1
12.8

66.2
57.3
47.6
20.3
11.9

63.6
114.5
80.0
79.6
86.3

61.8
69.4
52.8
25.5
12.9

66.6
79.3
104.0
76.7
107.2

75.2
80.6
59.0
29.2
16.6

80.6
78.2
90.7
70.5
88.4

1860 ______
1859 ______
1858 ______
1857 ______
1856 ______

82.4
68.5
62.2
34.9
16.6

71.7
84.3
107.2
70.3
111.3

63.9
78.2
57.2
29.8
15.8

82.8
56.5
39.5
14.5
16.8

74.4
69.2
41.2
15.0
16.3

19.0
16.6
ILl
21.8
17.6

71.3
80.7
38.4
14.5
15.5

18.9
17.7
12.7
28.8
18.8

51.4
84.0
37.7
16.4
16.7

21.2
18.9
14.8
24.2
18.0

67.0
57.7
47.6
21.4
13.5

21.0
20.4
14.7
25.5
20.1

21.8
20.2
15.2
24.9
21.4

69.9
65.4
42.1
22.7
12.7

19.2
17.2
14.5
24.0
18.9

74.8
62.4
44.1
25.1
13.9

18.9
15.6
13.9
23.5
19.2

73.6
63.7
52.9
22.6
13.2

19.9
16.0
13.5
21.6
17.7

65.7
73.8
56.2
27.1
13.7

20.5
17.9
14.4
16.1
20.5

79.2
65;9
59.8
33.6
16.0

72.3
77.5
56.7
28.1
16.0

24.2
18.6
16.9
10.0
22.6

22.2
19.2
17.8
10.7
23.2

69.5
85.0
62.2
32.4
17.2

15.3
18.8
17;0
10.9
22.8

18.8
16.4
11.0
21.6
17.4

18.2
17.0
12.2
22.9
18.1

19.3
17.2
13.5
22.0
16.4

20.0
19.4
14.0
24.3
19.1

20.8
19.2
14.5
23.7
20.4

14.7
17.1

19.8
17.7
14.9
24.7
19.5

15.7
18.7

15.5
17.6

20.5
17.0
15.1.
25.5
20.9

14.2
15.1

22.1
17.8
15.0
24.0
19.7

14.8
14.8

21.8
19.0
15.3
17.1
21.8

15.4
15.1

23.3
17.9
16.3
9.6
21.7

18.0
15.4
11.4

21.3
18.5
17.1
10.3
22.3

18.5
14.9
15.7

16.6
20.4
18.5
11.8
24.8

17.8
13.8
15.5

13.7
14.9

18.2
15.4

16.0
15.5

14.0
16.3

15.0
17.8

16.0
18.1

15.4
16.4

16.4

16.4

17.3
14.8
11.0

17.8
14.3
15.1

19.3
15.0
16.8

1855 ______
13.8
13.7
1854 __ .____
15.0
16.0
1853 _____
- ------ - ------ -

17.6
17.1

------ -

------ - ------ - ------ -

-----)~

- ------ -

------,.

------ - ------ -

>"=

16.4
16.1
------ - ------ - ------ - ------ - ------ - ------ -------

a:::

f-3
!:Q

.>

tj

.0

Ci

>
~

1-3
l::rj

~
~

to-;

tj
to-;

()

Gl
~

rn

Series App. I5.-BANK CLEARANCES, OUTSIDE NEW YORK CITY: 1875 TO 1922
[ Daily average. in millions of dollars]
ORIGINAL DATA
YEAR

Jan.
1922 ______
1921. _____

0:>
0:>

-4

I F'b. 1

".!

Ap,.

May

! J~, !

July

! AUg.! ""P~ !

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED DATA

Dot.

I Nov. I Dec.

. Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

I July I Aug. I Sept. I Oct.

INOV.\

Dee.

491.7
413.0

489.7
4~~2. 7

484.4
420.1

594.6
544.1
432.3
345.1
289.1

528.7
526.5
440.3
364.5
291.1

5~~3. 8
5~~7 .2
482.2

319.5

542.5
587.8
451.9
380.9
330.8

207.9
194.0
204.0
207.4
191.3

217.7
191.5
212.4
200.1
192.2

225.6
186.4
213.8
213.2
184.4

U2.1
182.1
202.2
209.8
HI3.2-

247.5
189.6
207.9
203.2
189.6

180.7
171.2
148.5
168.3
146.. 0

184.0
174.9
146.2
169.2.
156.2

183.i
179.6
154.0
161.1
148.9

180.2
177.1
149.5
170.7
158.4

186.4
183.4
1(;3.8
H13.9
Hi 1. 8

184.2.
184.9
159.1
126.3
156.9

136.0
116.7
122.5
108.0
108.3

133.9
115.7
124.1
119.0
109.3

142.2
121.9
118.0
113.3
110.9

142.8 ' 139.9


124.2 123.2
120.0 120.0
118.9 117.5
103.7 109.1

U7.7
184.1
114.2
11.3.7
111.7

147.7
134.0
117.8
115.4
108.4

9a.1
91.3
74.6
64.0
63.7

89.9
90.0
68.0
65.7
63-.1,

91.4
93.6
75.6
68.9
58.3

~I7.9
~I4.9

407.6
456.4

399.3
409.9

432.0
436.0

425.4
423.2

438.0
390.2

466.9
417.9

1920 ______
1919 ______
1918 ______
1917 ______
1916 ______

434.5
392.9

432.8
392.7

465.3
417.1

516.3
433.6

595.8
469.9
381.6
339.1
252.0

494.6
426.9

522.7
414.8
357.0
315.6
247.8

503.8
436.9

612.7
438.9
395.0
340.8
264.4

388.2
434.7

595.6
442.6
412.9
345.3
258.4

411.6
422.6

551.4
461. 7
409.9
346.2
263.2

423.5
427.5

597.8
483.4
415.4
354.5
270.0

421.2
419.0

534.0
489.7
425.8
335.9
259.6

453.3
405.7

582.7
533.2
423.7
338.2
283.3

452.6
409.3

586.9
584.4
488.7
404.6
323.1

475.6
431. 5

484.7
434.5

1915 ______
1914 ______
1913 ______
1912 ______
1911. _____

57.5.3
504.5
427.2
338.0
257.7

446.9
398.2

199.9
220.2
222.4
201.9
192.4

55.5.2
558.8
458.1
413.2
338.7

193.9
201.0
207.9
192.5
177.7

547.9
593.7
456.4
384.7
334.1

202.7
206.6
201. 7
194.6
188.7

584.1
460.7
374.1
332.5
247.1

206.7
211.8
207.8
204.6
181.1

568.2
450.9
388.0
343.0
269.3

625.2
447.9
403.1
347.8
269.8

193.3
191.2
198.6
194.7
179.6

607.8
451.6
421.3
352.3
263;7

203.2
203.5
198.5
188.9
187.2

562.7
471.1
418.3
353.3
268.6

185.0
172.6
181.6
184.6
170.3

204.6
180.0
199.7
188.1
180.7

581.1
509.6
431.5
341.4
260.3

550.5
504.8
4a9.0
346.3
267.6

1910 ______
1909 ______
1908 ______
1907 ______
1906 ______

201.1
203.6
200.3
194.3
179.1

597.8
483.4
415.4
354.5
270.0

239.1
197.6
226.7
226.0
195.4

191.2
166.7
149.2
174.7
164.4

251.8
189.4
210.3
218.2
200.9

178.0
156.2
133.5
160.4
148.3

257.4
197.2
216.2
211.4
197.2

193.8
165.7
138.3
164.4
149.4

188.6'
207.7
209.8
190.5
181.5

190.1
169.2
143.0
166.5
145.3

197.9 200.7
205.1 ' 204.5
212.1 199.7
196.4 192.6
181.3 186.8

173.3
158.4
135.4
163.6
143.4

200.7
205.6
201.7
198.6
175.8

182.6
168.1
139.4
159.7
147.8

197.2
195.1
202.7
198.6
183.2

175.3
166.1
144.0
163.2
141.7

203;2
203.5
198.5
188.9
187.2

1905 ______
1904 ______
1903 ______
1902 ______
1901. _____

163.7
155.6
130.1
150.6
139.0

207.3
209.9
206.5
200.4
184.7

172.1
168.8
144.7
151.4
140.0

191.0
187.7
158.5
180.9
167.9

193.9
190.8
160.0
139.3
168.3

132.7
121.3
125.9
120.3
107.1

126.2
113.7
115.3
107.5
97.9

191.6
192.3
165.4
131.4
163.2

180.3
157.3
140.7
164.8
155.1

135.1
115.9
115.4
108.9
100.7

181.6
159.4
136.2
163.7
151.3

1"35.2
117.8
121.2
119.1
11.2.6

191.9
164.1
137.0
162.8
147.9

134.7
109.3
114.3
115.5
113.1

184.6
164.3
138.8
161.6
141.1

136.0
116.7
122.5
108.0
108.3

176.8
161.6
138.2
167.0
146.3

129.9
112.2
120.4
115.4
106.1

182.6
168.1
139.4
159.7
147.8

1900 ______
1899 ______
1898 ______
1897 ______
1896 ______

126.5
108.5
105.0
100.9
98.7

134.2
116.8
112.8
111.8
97.5

148.3
130.6
127.2
124.5
115.7

153.6
139.4
118.7
118.3
116.2

96.1
90.8
75.0
61.6
66.6

153.6
139.3
122.5
120.0
112.7

88.8
87.2
72.8
58.6
60.1

125.2
114.4
118.8
113.5
101.0

90.0
91. 5
71.8
58.8
59.0

128.7
116.0
117.6
109.7
99.9

91.9
90.6
70.2
61.9
63.6

133.7
114.8
114.3
107.8
99.7

131.2
114.4
117.7
115.6
109.3

91.4
90.8
70.8
59.8
61.3

93.1
91.3
74.6
63.4
63.0

137.4
111.5
116.6
117.9
115.4

87.2
87.3
65.9
63.7
61.2

1895 ______
1894 ______
1893 ______
1892 ______
1891. _____

81.4
83.3
67.2
61.3
51.3

82.3
89.5
69.6
70.4
55.0

98.2
99.6
77.4
73.8
64.3

101.8
98.7
83.5
75.5
64.4

64.8
61.1
77.1
68.5
64.8

101.1
97.8
87.4
76.5
66.6

55.1
53.1
72.0
68.5
59.6

90.6
85.6
70.8
59.2
64.0

57.9
55.2
70.0
66.1
57.7

90.6
89.0
74.3
61.0
62.6

62.7
57.0
71.6
67.6
63.8

89.1
90.6
71.1
61.3
61.5

89.2
87.9
68.2
60.7
62.4

65.3
58.3
71.8
66.6
61.4

93.3
92.7
72.2
58.6
60.1-

63.8
57.0
64.3
71.4
61.1

65.6
54.2
56.8
66.9
61.8

1890 ______
1889 ______
1888 ______
1887 ______
1886 ______

58.8
54.8
45.2
64.9
57.3

60.1
55.5
49.8
68.3
66.0

74.3
65.0
58.3
76.1
71.4

71. 5
64.6
61. 5
78.0
68.4

63.9
56.6
49.0
45.4
40.9

69.8
64.0
60.0
78.4
69.1

58.2
52.8
46.8
43.6
39.4

62.3
58.8
74.1
65.9
62.4

58.6
52.1
45.3
48.4
40.9

57.4
55.3
75.0
71.4
62.1

63.5
53.1
48.2
49.3
39.6

60.3
57.5
73.0
68.9
60.1

67.6
55.3
50.3
48.2
38.7

61.5
55.9
70.2
66.2
62.5

64.5
54.7
49.7
52.5
42.7

64.0
57.2
70.4
65.3
60.2

64.3
56.1
48.1
46.1
42.7

64.5
57.6
64.9
72.1
61.7

59.2
50.3
46.8
43.5
38.6

67.7
55.8
58.6
69.0
63.7

1885 ______
1884 _____
1883 _____
1882 _____
188L _____

63.4
51.7
48.7
46.4
41.8

72.4
63.0
59.7
50.3
46.6

68.6
61.2
55.3
53.2
48.6

37.0
39.9
43.7
41.6
39.1

63.9
59.5
55.2
49.9
49.5

31. 7
36.3
39.8
38.7
37.4

61.4
54.4
47 . .1
43.7
39.3

31.9
35.1
39.9
38.1
35.7

60.6
55.0
48.7
45.5
41.0

35.0
38.5
39.2
39.4
37.3

61.1
54.2
47.2
50.4
42.6

32.9
38.7
38.8
36.7
39.9

62.2
52.1
47.3
48.4
38.9

35.8
33.5
39.9
37.6
44.2

66.3
54.2
49.3
47.2
38.0

35.4
32.9
37.3
37.2
40.0

65.1
55.2
50.2
53.1
43.1

1880 ______
1879 ______
1878 ______
1877 ______
1876 ______

31.1
30.1
35.6
35.4
40.7

34.6
32.2
36.4
38.6
41. 7

41.7
36.3
41.8
41.0
46.1

42.6
33.5
40.1
42.0
44.7

43.0
36.6
33.0
42.2
44.3

35.1
25.2
28.3
29.3
25.5

33.6
36.3
39.7
37.8
35.5

31.8
23.7
22.4
25.0
22.8

31.7
36.3
39.8
38.7
37.4

32.9
23.0
21.1
22.3
25.0

33.6
24.6
24.8
23.8
23.5

32.2
35.5
40.3
38.5
36.1

34.7
38.1
38.8
39.0
36.9

31. 5
25.3
20.8
26.7
26.1

30.5
25.3
21.8
22.3
23.1

32.6
38.3
38.4
36.3
39.5

30.4
25.3
23.6
25.1
21.4

28.8
23.1
20.1
20.9
23.2

30.5
26.2
22.2
23.7
22.3

1875 ______

34.1
34.1
27.3
28.6
24.8

39.0
33.9
24.0
25.3
26.7

39.9
34.5
23.0
24.4
26.4

23.0

31.9
22.9
25.7
26.6
23.2

23.1

31.8
23.7
22.4
25.0
22.8

25.1

33.2
23.2
21.3
22.5
25.3

23.0

33.3
24.4
24.6
23.6
23.3

22.2

25.4

19.9

22.1

20.7

22.2

27.0

22.6

20.9

23.1

25.4

22.8

3~\9.8

87.6
95.2
74.0
74.9
58.5

92.7
93.9
73.1
69.6
59.5

80.3
72.6
(;;9.6

97.2
94.0
84.0
73.6
62.8

66.8
62.3
51.4
73.7
65.2

63'.9
59.1
53.0
72.6
70.4

68.8
60.2
54.0
70.5
66.1

66.2
f;9.8
S6.9
'/2.2
63.3

65.9
60.4
56.6
74.0
65.2

66.3
57.8
49.6
47.5
44.0

67.2
57.2
53.2
49.4
43.8

67.4
56.0
51.8
49.4
44.5

67.0
58.3
55.3
46.5
43.2

~il:!. 5
(;6.7
(;1.2
4~9 .3
4,5.0

60.3
56.2
52.0
47.0
46.7

36.1 .
34.5
41.1
38.8
45.6

36.4
34.6
39.3
39.2
42.1

35.4
34.2
40.5
40.2
46.3

36.8
34.6
39.1
41.5
44.8

38.6
33.9
39.1
38.3
43.1

::1:9.5
:n.6
:3:7.8
:Ji9.6
4:2.2

40.6
35.5
32.0
41.0
43.0

31.2
25.0
20.6
26.4
25.8

31.4
26.1
22.5
23.0
23.8

32.0
26.6
24.8
26.4
22.5

32.7
26.3
22.8
23.8
26.4

32.8
28.2
23.9
25.5
24.0

31.9
31.9
25.5
26.7
23.2

3:6.8
32.0
2:2.6
2:3.9
2:5.2

38.7
33.5
22.3
23.7
25.6

22.0

26.2

20.9

25.1

22.3

20.7

25.5

21.9

t;Jj

>Z
Pi

(1

t-t'
t.:rJ

>-

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~

oen

Itj~
~

jIP
't:I

I-ot

Ql

Series App. 16-17.-BANK DEBITS, NEW YORK CITY AND OUTSIDE NEW YORK CITY: 1919 TO 1945
"~,,,

~
~

tj

[ In billions of dollars]

':;;('Fl:) __~

00

'

YEAR

ORIGINAL DATA

I Jan. 1Fob. 1Mac. 1Ap,. 1May 1'=0 1July 1Aug. 1Sopt1


_____
194 i5-______
35.0
194
27.0
3194 _____
21.4
194 L _____ 118.5

O.~ 1N~v. 1

29.1
27.6
21.1
115.3

31.9
29.6
24.1
118.3

29.4
25.3
29.2
117.2

33.7
24.7
25.7
18.2

194 2 ______
194 1 ______

17.2
15.1

14.2
13.3

22.4
17.1
17.4

27.2
16.0
15.7

23.9
17.0
16.1

19
19
19
19
19

IL _____
!L _____
B______
7 ______
B______

14.7
14.5
14.5
19.1
17.9

12.1
12.4
10.9
16.9
15.8

15.2
16.3
14.7
20.4
19.6

15.5
13.3
14.6
17.1
17.3

14.5
14.2
12.8
15.1
16.2

19
19
19
19
19

5 ______

:1 ______
L _____
1 ______

15.0
14.0
12.4
17.7
24.6

12.5
13.2
12.0
14.4
,20.9

15.9
15.6
16.2
27.6

15.9
17.0
12.0
15.6
26.8

19 [)-----,19 I} ______
19 B______
19 7 ______
19 5______

34.7
54.7
37.9
31.3
30.5

31.1
46.3
32.7
27.4
24.8

40.7
55.4
44.8
34.5
33.0

5 ______

27.7
22.1
22.1
19.1
20.0
23.6
18.1

22.9
19.9
19.0
16.5
15.1
18.1
14.5

26.4
21.5
22.5
20.4
17.4
22.3
16.7

19
19
19
19
19
19
19

<1 ______

:1 ______

1~-----______
[)------

L _____

(3)

5______

1
1

40.3
34.7
41. 7
38.0
36.5
39.4
30.7
28.4
35.3
~------ 127.5 123.9 128.2
----:1 2_____ -30.3
28.0
34.7
L _____
27.0
23.5
27.8
L _____
22.5
19.5
23.6
i ______
L _____

1
1

D...

1Fob. 1Mac. 1Ap,. 1May 1June 1July 1Ang. 1Sop~ 1 Oct.


SEASONALLy ADJUSTED DATA

J'n.

41.7
33.6
25.5
18.6

33.6
28.5
24.0
18.4

29.4
26.2
21.2
18.3

28.5
26.9
27.9
19.9

35.0
28.6
24.0
19.8

'32.2
30.0
23.3
18.5

45.0
37.7
28.9
25.9

33.3
25.7
20.4
117.6

31.6
30.0
22.9
116.6

31.0
28.7
23.4
117.8

IL _____
1)-----B______

L _____
5_~ ____

35.0
32.6
25.3
20.1

37.2
31.2
23.9
21.4

15.7

16.8

16.8

17.0

17.4

16.5

18.5

17.3

16.5

14.6
14.7
14.0
12.9
25.1

15.7
15.4
16.7
14.2
25.9

13.8
14.8
13.4
18.5
17.8

16.7
13.8
17.4
12.7
21.0

15.5
13.3
14.6
17.1
17.3

14.7
12.3
13.1
13.5
17.5

15.1
14.8
13.3
15.7
16.9

14.0
11.1
12.3
14.2
20.1

12.7
14.9
15.1
15.9
18.1

15.7
12.3
13.3
12.9
20.7

14.2
13.3
14.4
17.5
16.9

15.5
11.3
12.2
9.8
14.5

13.3
15.1
14.0
15.5
16.6

17.7
15.2
13.0
14.0
19.2

,13.3
15.9
13.8
15.5
16.5

15.3
14.3
12.7
18.1
25.1

14.6
13.3
14.7
15.7
16.7

14.9
14.6

14.9
14.1
15.1
14.6
18.2

37.4
50.0
45.3
31.3
26.6

15.1
25.8

37.7
43.3
45.5
33.0
28.2

14.7
15.7
11.1
14.4
24.8

29.6
49.2
35.1
30.8
27.7

25.1
49.0
35.1
31.7
26.2

13.6
13.7
13.1
12.1
23.5

13.9
13.6
14.8
12.6
22.9

27.4
50.3
38.7
33.4
25.,6

30.8
63.3
45.2
34.1
28.8

16.9
13.9
17.6
12.8
21.2

22.5
53.6
45.5
33.3
25.8

16.0
13.4
14.2
14.7
19.0

29.0
39.8
52.7
38.9
32.6

14.9
11.8
13.1
15.1
21.4

35.4
50.6
35.1
29.0
28.2

15.7
12.3
13.3
12.9
20.7

26.9
21.9
21.0
22.1
17.8
19.8
21.6

35.7
47.5
41.4
31.7
29.0

25.5
21.5
18.3
19.7
16.3
19.1
22.4

35.0
49.5
44.9
31.0
26.3

33.4
42.5
44.6
32.4
27.6

29.9
51.3
36.6
32.1
28.9

27.3
54.4
39.0
35.2
29.1

29.1
54.1
41.6
35.9
27.5

30.8
62.1
44.3
33.4
28.2

26.8
54.7
46.4
34.0
26.3

25.4
22.1
21.1
18.3
16.8
20.1
16.1

26.4
36.5
48.3
35.7
29.9

26.2
21.4
20.7
21.7
17.2
19.6
20.3

38.0
50.8
41.1
31.7
30.3

16.1
13.8
11.8
12.7
17.5

23.9
20.7
20.5
20.7
16.3
21.3
17.3

35.3
51.4
36.3
30.4
27.6

18.5
13.5
14.5
11. 7
17.3

38.6
48.0
41.8
32.0
29.3

14.2
15.0
13.6
16.4
23.7

16.1
14.0
13.3
14.4
18.7

24.2
19.7
20.6
18.7
16.0
20.5
15.3

23.7
20.5
20.3
20.5
16.1
21.1
17.1

25.9
21.2
20.5
21.5
17.0
19.4
20.1

26.4
21.5
20.6
21.7
17.5
19.4
21.2

26.6
22.4
19.1
20.5
17.0
19.9
23.3

25.9
23.2
18.0
20.3
16.9
19.3
22.6

26.2
22.3
18.1
20.6
17.3
18.9
21.9

28.3
22.1
18.8
21.9
17.3
19.7
23.7

27.6
23.5
20.4
19.4
17.9
20.6
23.9

27.8
25.0
20.3
19.2
18.9
20.6
22.8

41.4
36.7
33.3
28.3

45.4
40.6
33.3
27.4

38.7
38.0
35.4
29.3

39.1
38.6
35.5
30.1

23.3
20.9
16.2
18.3
15.2
17.4
20.3

24.4
20.7
16.8
19.2
16.1
17.9
20.4

28.9
22.5
19.2
22.3
17.6
20.1
24.2

27.0
23.0
20.0
19.0
1.7.5
20.2
23.4

30.3
27.3
22.1
20.9
20.6
22.4
24.9

25.6
20.5
20.5
17.7
18.5
21.9
16.8

(3)

Series App. 17: Outside New York City


37.8
34.9
37.7
126.9

40.6
36.0
32.6
27.7

47.7
42.6
35.0
28.8

38.3
37.6
35.0
29.0

36.8
36.3
33.4
28.3

35.7
36.8
40.5
30.0

39.0
38.3
35.6
32.1

39.3
40.4
35.2
29.5

47.8
45.5
40.2
36.1

39.5
37.3
30.1
127.0

38.6
40.6
31.6
126.6

26.5
23.1

32.1 ------- ------27.2


28.3
28.5
23.8
24.9
24.7

------- ------- ------27.8


29.5
24.0

24.3

31.6
27.3

------29.0
25.1

------35.6
31.1

29.7
26.5
22.1

31.1
26.1
21.7

38.2
35.3
38.1
127.2

33.4
26.7
22.7

37.6
26.8
23.3

32.8
27.8
24.3

30.4
25.1

20.1
18.2
16.3
19.7
17.3

17.9
17.8
16.9
19.6
18'.5

19.4
17.9
16.4
19.8
18.2

19.5
18.6
17.0
19.6
18.2

13.3
18.8

15.6
14.3'
10.5
14.3
19.4

15.9
14.4
11.6
12.6
19.1

15.5
14.5
12.6
12.5
18.8

16.3
13.6
13.8
12.4
18.2

24.2
27.5
24.5
23.4
22.6

24.3
27.3
25.0
23.3
22.8

24.1
26.5
25.0
23.4
22.3

24.6
26.8
26.6
23.1
21.6

23.9
25.6
26.2
23.1
21.8

20.9
19.7
19.0
15.7
16.4
19.9
15.4

20.6
18.5
18.8
15.9
16.0
20.3
14.9

20.4
19.1
19.0
15.9
16.1
20.5
15.6

20.6
18.8
19.6
16.5
15.5
19.9
16.9

21.1
18.1
19.3
17.0
15.7
20.3.
17.4

15.0
13.2

20.8
18.6
17.0
18.2
1&.5

24.3
22.4
21.1
20.8
23.2

19.6
17.5
17.3
20.0
17.2

(3)

19.2
16.9
16.6
20.0 '
18.0

15.6
14.1
11.5
12.5
18,9

19.4
17.0
16.6
20.1
17.5

15.8
14.1
13.7
19.4

15.6
14.3
10.6
14.4
19.6

18.8
17.5
16.6
20.6
17.0

15.R
14.8
13.0
12.9
19.4

16.6
13.9
13.9
12.5
18.4

15.5
13.4
12.4
11.8
16.5

15.0
12.8
12.2
11.8
16.6

16.8
14.3
13.0
12.4
18.1

16.7
13.3
11.9
10.9
14.6

18.7
15.6
13.3
12.8
17.1

14.7
12.9
11.5
15.1
20.7

14.9
13.4
11.7
14.5
19.2

15.0
13.4

21.3
27.3
24.4
23.4
21.3

23.7
32.2
27.7
25.1
23.8

19.7
28.5
25.9
23.8
21.6

23.1
26:9
29.7
26.5
24.5

24.5
26.8
23.8
22.4
22.5

21.4
18.8
18.5
17.1
15.9
19.5
19.2

' 24.1
21.8
20.4
19.6
17.4
20.5
21.7

21.2
18.7
18.9
15.3
17.3
20.9
16.2

24.6
26.4
27.0
23.8
22.5

23.1
28.4
23.9
22.9
23.3

20.9
28.3
23.4
22.0
20.8

22.3
19.4
19.7
15.9
18.0
21. 7

18.6
17.5
16.9
14.0
14.6
17.7
13.7

21.2
19.2
19.6
16.5
16.6
21.1
15.5

20.6
18.9
18.8
15.7
15.9
20.3
15..4

20.4
18.6
19.4
16.3
15.3
19.7
16.7

21.7
18.3
19.5
17.2
15.9
20.5
17.6

21.6
18.7
18.2
16.3
15.2
20.8
18.6

19.9
17.8
17.3
15.8
14.9
18.9
17.7

Series discontinued on this basis.

20.9
18.2
17.3
16.6
15.. 5
19.8
18.1
J Data incomplete on account of bank

24.0
20.9
19.8
18.4
16.7
20.9
20.2
holiday.

------- ------29.6
25.5

21.4
19.0
18.1
19.9
20.1

24.4
26.5
26.3
22.9
21.4

------- ---'---27.0
28.8
24.9

18.3
18.5
16.4
18.7
17.6

24.3
26.8
25.2
23.6
22.5

36.8
37.9
41.8
30.9

23.7

18.3
1.7.5
16.0
18.4
17.1

25.0
28.1
25.8
24.0
23.5

Z
p::

1-3

t-t

>

tj

~l;d
1-3
txj

l;d
~

38.6
37.9
35.2
31.8

- - - - - - --- --- - - - --- - - - - - -

19.2
17.7
16.7
20.2
18.6

21.5
24.5
21.8
20.8
20.1

t-t

40.1
37.9
33.9
127.1

18.8
18.7
17.2
20.0
18.9

35.7
29.2
24.5
20.2

13.9
14.3
12.5
19.4
18.2

19.7
17.8
16.0
19.3
17.0

Estimated.

30.0
28.3
29.4
20.9

14.3
14.1
14.1
18.5
17.4

19.2
16.8
16.6
20.1
17.5

16.8

33.0
29.4
23.8
20.6

18.6
17.6
18.9
18.3
22.7

25.7
28.1
25.0
23.5
23.6

L _____

33.6
28.5
24.0
18.4

15.0
13.0
12.4
13.4
17.4

IL __ ~_
9______
B______
L _____

1_____ -

cr
....
o..l

15.0
13.7
15.1
16.2
17.2

21.7

~-----L
_____

37.9
30.5
23.2
16.9

....

12.6
15.1
13.1
14.7
15.7

1 ______

5______

34.0
24.9
26.0
18.4

'?

11.6
13.1
12.2
13.5
14.4

13.1
11.8
10.4
12.9
17.1

L _____
L _____

D ...

13.6
12.8
13.8
16.8
16.2

19.5
18.2
17.4
21.6
17.9

<1 ______

Nov.

13.1
15.3
15.6
16.4
18.6

17.3
15.2
14.6
17.6
15.8

L _____
12.1
L ____ _ . 15.9

5______

30.6
26.4
30.4
117.9

20.0
17.9
17.6
20.4
17.5

5 ______

1
1

I I

----------------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --19.0


21.3
------17.4
21. 7
17.1
17.1
28.3
18.6
24.1 ------- -----'-- --- --- - - - --- - - 18.3
17.0
23.9
16.4
15.4
------17.3
16.6
16.3
16.7
------15.1
17.2
------15.7
15.8
19.1
------17.1
16.1
20;6
19.2
14.7
19:6
18.7
15.3
18.5
15.8
19.8

--- ----- --- - - - --- --- --- --- --- --- - - 37.2

1
1
1

Series App. 16: New York City

- - - --- --- --- --- ----- --- --- --194 a1 _____


19.9
19.6

<1 ______

-1-

(3)

40.1
41.2
35.9
30.1

---

------- ------31.3
29.6

41.9
39.9
35.3
31.7
-----,--

27.0

25.6

31.2
27.3

18.9
19.1
17.4
19.9
18.7

21.2
18.8
17.6
19.3
19.5

21.2
19.0
17.5
18.8
19.1

21.3
19.6
18.5
18.2
20.4

16.5
14.3
13.5
12.8
17.9

16.0
13.6
12.7
12.3
17.3

16.3
13.9
12.0
11.5
16.8

17.2
13.7
12.4
11.4
15.2

16.4
13.7
12.3
11.9
15.8

22.9
28.1
23.7
22.7
23.1

22.7
30.8
25.4
23.9
22.6

22.2
28.4
25.4
24.4
22.2

21.9
29.8
25.6
23.2
22.0

20.5
29.7
27.0
24.8
22.5

21.4
24.9
27.5
24.5
22.7

21.4
18.7
18.2
16.3
15.2
20.8
18.6

21.6
19.3
18.6
17.0
16.0
20.3
19.0

21.8
19.0
18.0
17.3
16.1
20.6
18.9

22.2
19.4
18.7
17.4
15.8
19.7
19.1

22.3
19.6
18.9
17.4
16.2
19.9
19.6

22.3
20.2
18.5
17.8
15.8
18.6
19.7

r-I

tj
r-I

>
1-3

l;d

Ul

Series App. 18-19.-VALUE OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS: 1866 TO 1945


[ In millions of dollars

ORIGINAL DATA
YEAR

Jan.

Feb.

I M"I

Ap'.

I May1

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oot.

Nov. IDeo. , Jan.

Feb.

I M"l

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED DATA

Ap,.

May

June

July

Aug.

sept.]

Oo~ I

Nov. , Deo.

Series App, 18: Imports


1945 _____ _
1944 ____ _
1943 ____ _
1942 ____ _
194L ___ _
1940 ____ _
1939 ____ _
1938 ____ _
1937 ____ _
1936 ____ _
1935 ____ _
1934 ____ _
1933 ____ _
1932 ____ _
193L ___ _

333.9
300.8
230.0
253.5
228.7

325.5
314.2
234.0
253.6
233.7

364.8
357.7
249.2
272.1
267.8

366.1
361.3
257.5
234.9
287.5

372.1
386.2
282.2
190.8
297.0

359.6
331. 5
296.2
215.4
279.5

355.7
294.2
301.7
213.6
277.6

359.6
303.7
318.0
187.1
282.5

338.5
281.5
288.5
196.3
262.4

346.5
328.6
329.2
199.9
304.1

325.3
323.4
312.5
168.2
280.5

242.0
178.2
170.7
240.5
187.5

297.8
336.0
282.3
359.3
343.8

200.1
158.1
163.0
277.7
192.8

216.8
190.5
173.4
307.5
198.7

212.4
186.3
159.8
286.8
202.8

211.5
202.5
148.2
284.7
191.7

211.4
178.9
145.9
286.2
191.1

232.4
168.9
140.8
265.2
195.1

220.5
175.6
165.5
245.7
193.1

194.9
181.5
167.6
233.1
215.7

206.9
215.3
178.0
224.3
212.7

223.6
235.5
176.2
223.1
196.4

166.8
135.7
96.0
135.5
183.1

253.1
246.8
171.3
208.8
245.2

152.5
132.8
83.7
131.0
174.9

177.4
158.1
94.9
131.2
210.2

170.5
146.5
88.4
126.5
185.7

170.5
154.6
106.9
112.3
179.7

156.8
136.1
122.2
110.3
173.5

176.6
127.2
143.0
79.4
174.5

1930 ____ _
1929 ____ _
1928 ____ _
1927 ____ _
1926 ____ _

169.0
119.5
154.9
91.1
166.7

161.6
131. 7
146.6
98.4
170.4

189.4
129.6
150.9
105.5
168.7

169.4
150.9
128.5
104.5
149.5

187.0
132.3
133.5
97.1
153.8

311.0
368.9
337.9
356.8
416.8

281.7
369.4
351.0
310.9
387.3

300.5
383.8
380.4
378.3
442.9

307.8
410.7
345.2
375.7
397.9

284.7
400.1
354.0
346.5
320.9

250.3
353.4
317.2
354.9
336.3

220.6
353.0
317.8
319.3
339.0

218.4
369.4
346.7
368.8
336.5

1925 ____ _
192L ___ _
1923 ____ _
1922 ____ _
192L ___ _

226.4
351.3
319.6
342.2
343.2

247.4
391.1
355.4
355.7
376.9

203.6
338.5
326.6
344.3
373.9

346.2
295.5
329.3
217.2
208.8

333.4
332.3
303.4
215.7
214.5

385.4
320.5
397.9
256.2
252.0

346.1
324.3
364.3
217.0
254.6

327.5
303.0
372.5
252.8
204.9

325.2
274.0
320.2
260.5
185.7

325.6
278.6
287.4
251.8
178.2

1920 ___ _
1919 ___ _
1918 ___ _
1917 ___ _
1916 ___ _

340.1 350.0 374.1


254.5 287.1 310.8
275.4 253.6 308.3
281.4 1229.5 1345.1
194.8 179.3 188.0

473.8
213.0
223.9
241.8
184.4

467.4
235.1
207.7
199.5
194.0

523.9
267.6
242.2
270.3
213.6

495.7
273.0
279.0
253.9
218.2

431.0
328.9
322.9
280.7
229.2

552.6
292.9
260.4
306.6
245.8

537.1
343.7
241.9
225.9
182.7

513.1
307.3
273.0
267.9
199.3

1915 ___ _
1914 ___ _
1913 ___ _
1912 ___ _
191L __ _

363.3
435.4
261.7
236.2
164.0

122.1
154.7
163.1
143.6
130.6

125.1
148.0
149.9
134.2
121.7

158.0
182.6
155.4
157.6
139.0

160.6
173.8
146.2
162.6
119.8

142.3
164.3
133.7
155.7
129.8

157.7
157.5
131.2
131.0
122.8

143.2
159.7
139.1
148.7
118.1

141.8
129.8
137.7
154.8
125.9

1910 ___ _
1909 ___ _
1908 ___ _
1901- __ _
1906 ___ _

133.7
103.6
85.0
126.6
106.5

130.1
118.7
84.8
123.0
104.2

163.0
132.9
89.1
133.1
113.6

133.9
122.2
87.4
129.6
107.3

118.8
116.1
84.0
126.5
104.9

119.9
124.7
92.1
112.5
100.8

117.3
112.5
86.4
124.7
102.6

138.4
117.1
91.2
125.8
105.7

1905 ___ _
1904 ___ _
1903 ___ _
1902 ___ _
190L __ _

98.3
82.6
85.2
79.2
69.3

103.1
89.0
82.6
68.4
64.5

110.4
91.3
96.2
84.2
75.9

95.1
83.5
87.7
75.8
76.7

92.5
80.7
79.0
75.7
78.6

90.4
81.2
82.0
73.1
68.4

84.5
7l.2
82.2
79.1
73.1

95.8
87.7
82.0
78.9
73.1

1900 ___ _
1899 ___ _
1898 ___ _
1891- __ _
1896 ___ _

75.9
58.2
50.8
51.4
68.6

68.8
60.3
53.1
59.2
62.5

86.5
72.8
61.6
76.4
66.5

75.5
65.2
55.9
101.3
58.7

71.7
70.2
53.6
79.4
57.3

61.0
61.8
51.3
85.2
56.2

63.7
60.1
51.0
53.7
52.1

61.8
66.6
49.7
39.8

------------------------------178.2

------- ------- ------- ------- ------------- ------- ------- ------- ------------- ------- ------- ------- ------------- ------- ------- ------- ------------------- ------------163.0 174.8 180.9 ------198.5 184.4

-------------------------------

168.0
286.3
198.8

159.1
282.1
182.3

155.1
278.4
196.9

145.3
279.1
187.9

150.4
295.1
197.0

179.7
149.8
282.1
207.6

166.8
135.7
96.0
135.5
183.1

157.2
136.9
86.3
135.1
180.3

162.8 165.5
145.0 142.2
87.1
85.8
120.4 ' 122.8
192.8 180.3

167.2
151.6
104.8
110.1
176.2

161.6
140.3
126.0
113.7
178.9

208.6
309.8
339.4
331.2
359.5

311~ 0
368.9
337.9
356.8
416.8

290.4
380.8
361.9
320.5
399.3

275.7
351.7
349.0
347.1
406.3

298.8
398.7
335.1
364.8
386.3

279.1
392.3
347.1
339.7
314.6

376.4
296.1
291.3
291.8
210.9

396.6
333.2
288.3
293.8
237.5

346.2
295.5
329.3
217.2
208.8

343.7
342.6
312.8
222.4
221.1

353.6
294.0
365.0
235.0
231.2

336.0
314.9
353.7
210.7
247.2

333.2
401.8
246.8
221.2
178.7

321.2
424.8
251.0
220.5
177.0

266.1
380.7
210.9
227.9
204.8

504.0
226.6
238.2
257.2
196.2

508.0
255.5
225.8
216.8
210.9

480.6
245.5
222.2
248.0
196.0

151.2
139.7
171.1
144.8
125.2

149.2
138.1
132.9
178.0
132.6

155.5
126.5
148.2
153.1
126.2

171.8
114.7
184.0
154.1
140.7

129.9
164.6
158.3
139.4
126.8

136.0
160.9
151.4
135.6
122.9

117.3
121.0
98.4
106.4
102.6

124.0
127.7
102.0
111.9
118.1

129.8
140.5
103.9
110.9
119.8

136.7
138.7
111.9
92.2
134.4

129.8
100.6
82.5
122.9
103.4

102.0
84.1
81.8
87.7
66.8

107.4
92.8
81.9
87.4
81.4

98.3
95.2
77.0
85.4
72.6

101.1
96.6
77.8
94.4
79.9

95.4
80.2
82.7
76.9
. 69.3

59.6
70.7
48.5
42.4
50.9

70.6
72.2
52.4
50.0
50.5

65.4
70.1
52.1
52.4
50.0

68.7
70.7
55.1
51.5
59.0

170.7
240.5
187.5

------- ------- ------- ------------- ------- ------- _._----------- ------- ------- -._----------- ------- ------- ------------- ------- ------- ------181.0 189.1
170.6
253.3
199.1

174.6
242.8
224.7

205.0
169.5
213.6
202.6

237.9
178.0
225.4
Jl98.4

187.9
135.3
152.1
84.5
185.6

174.2
123.2
159.7
93.9
171.9

168.3
137.2
152.7
102.5
177.5

180.4
123.4
143.7
100.5
160.7

Jl71.1
Jl52.4
lL29.8
lL05.6
lL51.0

258.0
364.3
327.0
365.9
346.7

234.7
375.5
338.1
339.7
360.6

225.2
380.8
357.4
380.2
346.9

235.8
365.9
332.9
356.5
357.5

235.6
372.5
338.5
338.8
359.0

841.9
829.9
847.8
877.7

321.1
297.1
365.2
247.8
200.9

335.3
282.5
330.1
268.6
191.4

346.4
296.4
305.7
267.9
189 ..6

350.6 364.6 356.3


262.4 299.1 296.0
283.9 264.2 293.6
290.1 1239.1 1328.7
200.8 186.8 179.0

880.2
2:99.1
2:94.2
2:94.7
2:13.0

450.6
248.2
253.6
230.8
198.4

395.4
301.7
296.2
257.5
210.3

507.0
268.7
238.9
281.3
225.5

537.1
343.7
241.9
225.9
182.7

508.0
304.3
270.3
265.2
197.3

378.4
453.5
272.6
246.0
170.8

354.5
427.4
262.6
235.3
190.1

3:41.7
4,51.9
2:67.0
234.6
188.3

145.0
167.5
140.0
142.0
125.2

146.0
158.0
144.8
161.0
118.6

130.6
150.7
137.8
160.5
133.8

144.7
144.5
139.6
139.4
130.6

143.2
159.7
148.0
158.2
125.6

140.4
128.5
140.5
158.0
128.5

157.5
145.5
176.4
149.3
129.1

158.7
146.9
130.3
174.5
130.0

1165.4
134.6
148.2
153.1
126.2

131.4
119.9
85.7
124.2
105.3

146.8
119.7
80.3
119.9
102.3

132.6
121.0
86.5
128.3
106.2

122.5
119.7
86.6
130.4
108.1

127.6
132.7
98.0
119.7
107.2

124.8
119.7
91.9
132.7
109.1

141.2
119.5
93.1
128.4
107.9

120.9
124.7
101.4
109.7
105.8

121.6
125.2
100.0
109.7
115.8

129.8
140.5
103.9
110.9
119.8

2
1

104.1
89.9
83.4
69.1
66.5

99.5
82.3
86.7
75.9
64.3

94.2
82.7
86.8
75.0
69.7

95.4
83.2
81.4
78.0
74.2

96.2
86.4
87.2
77.8
69.1

89.9
75.7
87.4
84.1
75.4

97.8
89.5
83.7
80.5
76.9

105.2
86.7
84.3
90.4
74.2

105.3
91.0
80.3
85.7
82.2

98.3
95.2
'77.0
85.4
'78.1

67.6
66.2
50.6
74.9
54.1

61.6
62.4
51.8
86.1
56.8

65.7
62.0
52.6
55.4
53.7

65.1
70.1
52.3
41. 9
52.1

66.2
78.6
53.9
47.1
56.6

71.3
72.9
52.9
50.5
51.0

70.3
'15.4
66.0
56.3
63.8

75.9
70.9
73.3
68.6
58.2
62.2
61.7
59.3
50.8
54.7
52.2
50.8
51.4
61.0
64.7
92.1
4~ fi
68.6
64.4
56.4
53.4
The Oetober 1922 figure includes imports from Sept. 22 to 30, under:the new tariff law, amounting to about $69,000,000, according to the source.

~W5.7

I-cf

f-3

UJ.

Il>

tj

t?::!
~

I-cf

.~

f-3

'(f).

6
8

o
o
1
9
5

1
1
2
6

tj
(lJ

c+

0,)

0::>
~

?:

'g

'?

f,...

cc

Series App. lS-19.-VALUE OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS: 1866 TO 1945-Con.

"'"
~

t:;I
~

[ In millions of dollars]

YllIAR

"n.

'eb.

ORIGINAL DATA

Ma,.

1 I
Ape.

May

,une ! ,uly

Aug.

I Sop~ I

Oet.

Nov.

""

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED DATA

I De~ I ,=1

Feb.

M.,.! Ape. ! May

June ! ,uly

I A~l sep~ oe~!

NOV.]

D~.

'?

'"'"

f.&)

Series App. 18: Imports-Con.


1895 _____ _
1894 _____ _
1893 _____ _
1892 _____ _
189L ____ _

67.5
52.5
75.2
62.7
62.3

58.3
48.7
72.7
65.4
66.0

69.3
66.0
86.7
86.6
77.6

68.8
60.1
77.0
76.3
81.3

66.0
56.8
76.0
68.7
72.0

61. 7
51.8
69.7
72.0
73.5

73.0
65.3
63.2
65.7
67.0

71.1
51. 7
58.6
71.2
66.0

1890 _____ _
1889 _____ _
1888 _____ _
1887 _____ _
1886 _____ _

65.3
50.6
46.3
67.5
61.5

75.1
60.0
51. 7
72.0
66.8

63.3
50.6
49.3
67.7
64.9

62.2162.1
49.9
65.1
69.4

67 . 5
52.5
75.2
62.7
62.3

63.2
68.4
58.5
52.0
47.4

63.3
62.1
66.9
59.2
56.7

60.1
50.2
74.9
67.4
68.0

67.2
66.4
63.0
62.9
60.0

58.7
55.9
73.5
73.4
65.8

71.9
65.6
60.8
63.6
57.4

62.5
54.6
70.0
69.4
73.9

70.1
68.7
60.5
58.7
52.9

62.3
53,6
71. 7
64.8
67.9

75.4
61.2
62.9
61.2
54.2

62.3
52.3
70.4
72.7
74.2

77.6
71.8
59.4
56.6
55.7

75.3
67.3
65.2
67.7
69.1

61.2
65.1
58.4
65.7
58.7

75.9
53.7
54.1
56.0
55.3

74.8
54.4
61. 7
74.9
69.5

64.2
59.0
53.9
59.9
54.1

75.9
60.6
52.2
72.7
67.5

60.8
59.9
60 ..6
52.1
56.3

68.1
54.4
53.0
72.8
69.8

63.5
63.4
50.9
66.4
70.8

1885 _____ _
1884 _____ _
1883 ____ _
1882 . ___ _
188L ____ _

72.6
68.7
66.4
61.0
54.8

72.6
56.2
51.4
75.0
68.3

67.2
72.8
62.2
55.3
50.4

42.2
54.3
57.0
57.0
45.3

42.0
54.7
56.3
58.8
47.8

65.3
64.0
69.0
61.0
58.5

53.0
61.3
60.8
68.6
60.7

61. 7
60.9
57.8
57.7
55.0

48.8
54.2
57.0
-66.4
59.2

68.5
62.5
57.9
60.6
54.7

45.7
56.2
56.3
68.4
55.5

68.7
67.4
59.3
57.5
51.9

49.3
52.2
64.8
62.7
58.9

73.9
60.0
61.7
60.0
53.1

49.1
55.1
57.0
65.8
52.4

76.1
70.4
58.2
55.5
54.6

50.7
50.7
58.6
65.7
61. 7

60.0
63.8
57.3
64.4
57.5

53.8
52.0
57.5
61.4
59.0

71.2
67.4
65.1
59.8
53.7

50.6
45.2
56.7
55.2
56.7

67.6
62.1
56.7
63.1
56.9

52.2
42.2
54.0
59.5
57.3

64.7
63.7
64.5
55.4
59.9

1880 _____ _
1879
1878 ______ _
1871- ____ _
1876 ____ _

50.4
51.4
51.1
63.4
55.7

78.2
55.4
55.8
57.7
57.0

44.9
57.8
60.6
60.6
48.2

55.2
33.5
35.7
37.7
42.1

43.3
56.4
58.0
60.6
49.3

55.6
35.4
32.9
35.3
38.1

48.6
56.2
55.8
62.9
55.7

70.9
41.9
37.6
47.5
44.4

74.4
42.1
36.2
42.7
36.2

46.5
51.6
54.3
63.2
56.4

44.8
55.1
55.2
67.1
54.4

64.9
35.4
35.2
45.5
37.7

48.3
51.2
63.5
61.5
57.7

60.5
38.9
35.5
47.6
33.9

57.3
41.3
37.1
40.9
30.5

48.1
54.0
515.9
64'".5
51.4

56.3
43.1
37.0
39.2
35.4

49.7
49.7
57.5
64.4
60.5

53.2
44.2
37.4
34.8
32.1

52.0
53.0
52.7
65.4
57.4

54.0
47.8
37.4
42.0
34.5

52.7
51.0
56.4
60.2
57.8

47.1
50.5
38.3
36.4
29.9

53.3
47.6
59.7
58.1
59.7

47.4
59.6
31.5
30.5
32.6

55.5
44.9
57.4
63.3
61.0

58.7
35.6
38.0
41.4
46.3

57.3
36.5
33.9
35.3
38.1

65.0
38.4
34.5
40.3
37.6

70.9
40.1
34.5
37.1
31.5

63.6
34.7
34.5
40.6
33.7

59.3
38.1
34.8
46.7
33.2

56.2
40.5
36.4
40.5
30.2

55.2
42.3
36.3
36.6
33.1

54.8
45.6
38.6
35.9
33.1

52.9
46.9
36.7
43.8
35.9

49.6
53.2
40.3
42.8
35.2

50.4
63.4
33.5
39.6
42.3

38.2
48.2
60.0
56.4
44.0

50A
48.5
54.1
51.9
46.1

46.7
48.6
53.1
46.0
44.8

37.9
49.2
49.0
61. 7
43.4

43.3
44.0
50.4
59.0
48.3

41.7
47.4
46.7
50.3
47.7

40.9
46.7
48.8
55.7
46.8

41.3
42.3
48.4
60.0
52.0

39.0
47.3
49.2
56.3
50.2

38.3
47.2
48.4
54.9
52.7

43.4
44.4
40.7
48.1
46.9

40.6
47.9
43.4
54.2
50.4

38.6
37.4
32.0
30.6

37.9
36.2
35.0
33.1
36.2

40.5
36.4
31.0
31.3
32.4

42.0
36,5
34.2
31.9
32.8

36.5
31. 5
32.4
30.6
34.7

44.7
38.4
32.7
30.1
37.6

42.5
37.7
27.4
26.8
33.6

1875 _____ _
1874 ____ _
1873
1872 _____ _
187L ____ _

34.8
43.9
54.6
51.3
40.0

50.4
48.5
54.1
51.9
46.1

55.1
57.3
62.7
54.3
52.9

43.6
56.6
56.3
70.9
49.9

48.5
49.3
56.4
66.1
54.1

42.5
48.3
47.6
51.3
48.7

41.3
47.2
49.3
56.3
47.3

44.2
45.3
51.8
64.2
55.6

37.8
45.9
47.7
54.6
48.7

36.8
45.3
46.5
52.7
50.6

36.9
37.7
34.6
40.9
39.9

31.3
36.9
33.4
41. 7
38.8

1870 ______ 1
1869 ______
1868______
1867 _ __ _ _ _
1866 _____ _

34.2
29_6
21.5
26.8

33.9
32.6
28.0
35.0

41.3
47.3
37.0
30.7

46.2
47.2
32.9
38.9

38.2
41.0
34.2
35.2

39.4
38.1
32.6
31.2

38.3
36.6
35.4
33.4
36.6

43.3
38.9
33.2
33.5
34.7

40.7
35.4
33.2
30.9
31.8

35.0
30.2
31.1
29.4
33.3

38.0
32.6
27.8
25.6
32.0

32.7
29.0
21.1
20.6
25.9

37.6
32.5
23.6
29.5

33.9
32.6
28.0
35.0

--

- -1-

35.0
40.1
31.4
26.0
--1-

40.2
41.0
28.6
33.8

34.1
36.6
30.5
31.4

--1-- -----1 --- ___ _

p::

P>

tj
B:)

~
~
~

t?:J

t'-l
~

t:;I

Series App. 19: Exports


737 1
1944. _____ 1,124.2 1,106.9 1,197.0 11,005.411,135.51870.31893.21738.0
1,230.8 1,455.2 1,296.2 1,196.9 1,190.9 1513.91455.41639.1
1,193.7 1,143.8 1,184.9 1 938.0
1945------1902.81886.611'030.1
.
727.8 992.4 989.1 1,092.4 1,003.4 1,265.0 1,280.0 1,269.3 1,237.1 1,072.0 1,286.4
1943_. ----- 750.0
1942 ______ 481.5
483.1 636.8 716.8
541.6 649.9 658.8 704.6
732.0 802.9 788.0 883.0
1941. _____ 324.9
303.1 356.8 387.2 384.7 329.8 365.0 460.2 424.6 666.4 491.8 652.7
1940 ______ 370 .1
347.1 350.8 322.9 323.7 349.7 316.7 350.9
1939 _____ ._ 212.9
218.7 267.8 231.0 249.5 236.2 229.6 250.1 295.5 343.8 327.6 322.3
1938 ______ 289.1
261.9 275.3 274.5 257.3 232.7 227.5 230.8 289.0 332.0 292.5 367.8
1931- _____ 222.7
233_1
256.6 268.9 289.9 265.3 268.2 277.0 246.3 277.7 252.4 268.9
1936 ______ 198.6
182.0 195.1 192.8 200.8 185.7 180.4 179.0 296.6 332.7 314.7 323.4
220.5 264.9 226.4 229.8
1935 ______ 176.2
163.0 185.0 164.2 165.5 170.2 173.2 172.1
1934 ______ 172.2
162.8 190.9 179.4 160.2 170.5 161.7 172.0 198.8 221.3 269.8 223.5
1933 _ _ _ _ _ _ 120.6
101.5 108.0 105.2 114.2 119.8 144.1 131.5 191.3 206.4 194.7 170.7
1932 ______ 150.0
154.0 154.9 135.1 131.9 114.1 106.8 108.6 160.1 193.1 184.3 192.6
132.0 153.1 138.8 131.6
193L _____ 249.6
224.3 235.9 215.1 204.0 187.1 180.8 164.8
180.2 204.9 193.5 184.1
1930 ______ 410.8
348.9 369.5 331. 7 320.0 294.7 266.8 297.8
1929_ _ __ _ _ 488.0
441.8 489.9 425.3 385.0 393.2 402.9 380.6 312.2 326.9 289.0 274.9
1928 ______ 410.8
426.6
371.4 420.6 363.9 422.6 388.7 379.0 379.0 437.2 528.5 442.3
1921- __ _ _ _ 419.4
550.0 544.9 475.8
372.4 409.0 415.4 393.1 357.0 341.8 374.8 421.6
425.3
1926 ______ 396.8
488.7
460.9
407.6
352.9 874.4 388.0 356.7 338.0 368.3 384.4
448.1 455.3 480.3 465.4
1925 ______ 446A
370.7 453.7 398.3 370.9 323.3 839.7 379.8 420.4
1924 ______ 895.2
490.6
365.8 339.8 346.9 335.1 307.0 276.6 330.7
468.S
1923_ _ _ __ _ 335.4
427.5 527.2 447.81
493 . 6. 445. 7
307.0
325.5 316A 320.0 302 .. 2 311.0
1922 ______ 278.8 250.6 341.4
3BD.0 318.5 307.6 335.1 301.2 301.8 381.4 399.2 401. 5. 426.7
313.2 370.7 380.0 344.3
192L _____ 654_8
486.5 386.7 340.6 329.7 386.9 325.2
366.9 324.9 348.8 294.1 296.2

__________________________________________________________ ~ _______________________ _
1-------1-------1-------1-------1-------1-------1-------1-------1-------1-------1-------1------________________. ________________ .____________ ~ __________________ . _____ . _____________ =
___________________________________________________________________________________ _
_______ , _________________________________________ . __________________________________ _

- - - - - - - , - - - - - - - , - - - - - - _ 1 _ - - - - _ _ 1 _ _ _ - - - _1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , _ _ _ _ _ _ _

217.2
295.0
227.2
202.7

235.2
281.6
250.6
195.7

260.0
267.3
249.1
189.4

240.6
285.9
280.1
200.8

262.6
270.8
305.2
211.4

256.7
252.9
288.4
201.8

252.3
250.0
294.7
198.2

274.9
253.6
304.4
196.7

277.9
236.8
285.2
212.0

281.4
235.3
281.9
224.5

268.3
231.6
288.7
207.7

331.4
242.3
291.4
207.0

179.8
175.7
123.1
153.1
242.3

175.3
175.1
109.1
165.6
246.5

179.6
185.3
104.9
150.4
231.3

171.0
186.9
109.6
140.7
221.8

174.2
168.6
120.2
138.8
221.7

185.0
185.3
130.2
124.0
217.6

190.3
177.7
158.4
117.4
207.8

189.1
189.0
144.5
119.3
179.1

191.2
183.9
153.9
126.9
173.3

187.5
174.9
163.6
129.7
166.6

247.5
178.6
169.1
127.3
169.7

201.4
153.8
173.5
118.6
168.9

398.8
473.8
398.8
407.2
385.2

383.4
485.5
408.1
409.2
387.8

362.3
480.3
412..4
401.0
367.1

342.0
438.5
375.2
428.2
400.0

347.8
418.5
459.3
427.3
387.7

342.7
457.2
452.0
415.1
393.0

306.7
463.1
435.6
392.9
423.3

323.7
413.7
412.0
407.4
417.8

300.2
420.4
405.4
408.9
430.9

265.8
429.7
447.2
397.3
370.2

253.5
388.0
478.0
404.3
421.3

252.2
391.4
436.5
373.9
427.0

433.4
380.0
322,,5
268.1
600.3

407.4
402.0
337.4
275.4
506.8

444.8
336.4
338.0
326.7
379.1

410.6
357.6
335.6
328.4
337.1

403.2

375.9
341.1
355.6

390.5
321.6
351.4
350.2
369.5

412.8
363.4
341.8
331.6
378.2

404.2
419.1
373.9
307.1
338.4

398.9

364.2
343.9
334.3
320.1

372.3
933.6

4S9.S
332.7
308.9
286.1

392.8
421.9
343.2
324.8
251.4

429.6
401.6
384.4
310.2
266.8

>
1-3

Series App. 18-19.-VALUE OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS: 1866 TO 1945-Con.


[In millions of dollars ]

ORIGINAL DATA
YEAR

Jan.

I Feb.

\. Mar.

I Apr. I May I June I July I Aug. I Sept. I Oct. I Nov. I Dec.

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED DATA

Jan.

I Feb. I Mar. I Apr. I May I June I July I Aug. I Sept. I Oct.

, Nov.

I Dec.

S,eries App. 19: Exports-Con.


1920 ______ 722.1
1919 ______ 622.0
1918 ______ 504.8
1917 ______ 613;3
1916 ______ 330.0
1915 ______ 267.9
1914 ______ 204.1
1913 ______ 227.0
1912 ______ 202.4
191L _____ 197.1
1910 ______ 144.5
1909 ______ 156.7
1908 ______ 206.1
1907 ______ 189.3
1906 ______ 170.6
1905 ______ 123.6
1904 ______ 142.0
1903 ______ 134.0
1902 ______ 129.1
190L _____ 136.3
1900 ______ 117.6
1899 ______ 115.6
1898 ______ 108.4
1897 ______
94.0
1896 ______
87.0
1895 ______
81.2
1894 ______
85.9
1893 ______
67.7
1892 ______ 100.1
189L _____
82.6
1890 ______
75.2
1889 ______
73.5
1888 ______
63.0
1887 ______
71.5
1886 ______
58.0

co

,...

-I

645.1
585.1
411.4
467.6
40l.8

819.6
603.1
522.9
554.0
410.7

684.3
714.8
500.4
529.9
398.6

745.5
604.0
550.9
549.7
474.8

629.4
928.4
483.8
573.5
464.7

651.1
568.7
507.5
372.8
444.7

578.2
646.1
527.0
488.7
510.2

604.7
595.2
550.4
454.5
514.9

751.2
631.6
501.9
542.1
492.8

676.5
740.0
522.2
487.3
516.2

720.3
681.4
565.9
600.1
523.2

299.8
173.9
194.0
198.8
176.0

662.5
570.6
463.1
562.7
302.8

296.6
187.5
187.4
205.4
161.9

672.0
609.5
428.5
487.1
418.5

294.7
162.6
199.8
179.3
158.0

803.5
591.3
512.6
543.1
402.6

274.2
161.7
194.6
175.4
153.2

677.5
707.7
495.4
524.7
394.7

268.5
157.1
163.4
138.2
i41. 7

723.8
586.4
534.9
533.7
461.0

268.5
154.1
161.0
148.9
127.7

623.2
919.2
479.0
567.8
460.1

260.6
110.4
187.9
167.8
144.2

300.7
156.1
218.2
199.7
19.5.8

7399
646.2
576.7
423.6
505.3

596.1
666.1
543.3
503.8
526.0

336.2
194.7
271.9
254.6
210.4

629.9
620.0
573.3
473.4
536.4

327:7
205.9
245.5
278.2
201.8

7lt6.5
619.2
492.1
"531.5
483.1

359.3
245.6
233.2
250.3
224.9

669.8
732.7
517.0
482.5
511.1

124.6
126.1
167.8
159.5
141.8

245.8
180.6
200.9
179.1
174.4

666.9
630.9
524.0
555.6
484.4

143.7
139.3
141.6
161.7
145.5

312.3
175.7
196.0
200.8
177.8

133.1
125.2
133.4
157.5
144.4

290.8
193.3
193.2
211.8
166.9

131.1
123.3
113.6
134.8
130.5

291.8
178.7
219.6
197.0
173.6

127.9
117.4
115.4
137.7
125.0

266.2
185.9
223.7
201.6
176.1

265.8
196.4
204.2
172.8
177.1

114.6
109.3
103.2
128.6
111.7

134.7
109.8
110.4
127.3
129.8

305.1
202.8
211.8
195.9
168.0

268.7
138.0
234.9
209.8
180.2

168.9
154.0
139.3
135.3
138.5

207.7
200.7
172.0
180.3
187.4

313.2
154.6
216.0
197.7
193.9

206.6
194.0
161.3
204.5
182.7

329.6
154 .. 5
215.8
202.1
167.0

324.5
170.2
202.9
229.9
166.8

229.0
172.5
188.8
207.1
190.4

127.9
138.7
180.8
166.1
149.6

332.7
194.9
185.1
198.7
178.5

106.9
118.8
125.6
101.6
113.0

137.0
119.9
132.1
106.7
124.5

125.9
127.4
169.5
161.1
143.2

128.6
109.9
109.8
109.2
120.8

148.1
143.6
140.2
160.1
144.1

123.8
89.9
100.9
102.3
124.6

146.3
137.6
141.9
167.6
153.6

150.7
141.7
129.1
153.2
148.3

121.2
93.2
95.2
89.2
102.8

159.9
146.8
139.0
165.9
150.6

107.9
85.2
91.8
88.8
109.5

150.8
143.8
135.8
160.8
139.6

117.7
92.2
89.4
94.9
108.0

136.0
134.3
110.4
121.2
107.0

168.4
137.2
138.0
151.5
154.5

167.2
152.5
137.9
140.9
144.3

154.4
162.5
160.4
144.3
145.7

164.8
159.3
136.5
150.2
156.2

170.3
158.1
160.3
125.2
136.5

170.7
160.3
133.3
173.3
154.8

199.7
145.3
174.8
148.0
136.9

181.7
136.9
149.8
165.7
152.3

119.4
93.8'
94.9
79.8
77.7

108.4
124.6
117.5
113.2
119.6

108.0
120.0
126.9
102.6
114.1

134.2
104.6
112.6
87.3
75.6

135.6
118.7
130.8
105.6
123.3

118.8
88.8
99.3
77.6
7l.1

136.8
116.9
116.8
116.2
128.5

113.4
93.8
111.3
77.9
66.6

140.7
102.1
114.7
116.2
141.6

108.7
96.4
95.0
73.2
66.7

146.0
112.3
114.7
107.5
123.9

100.5
94.9
72.5
71.1
67.7

134.9
106.5
114.8
111.0
136.9

103.6
104.6
84.6
80.8
68.6

140.1
109.8
106.5
113.0
128.6

115.9
109.9
90.6
104.5
85.1

141.7
139.9
115.0
126.3
111.5

163.4
126.0
118.6
111.7
113.5

128.7
135.4
133.7
120.2
121.4

136.7
123.8
129.8
116.7
109.1

144.3
134.0
135.8
106.1
115.7

145.9
123.3
137.9
125.1
117.2

159.8
116.2
139.8
118.4
109.5

120.6
94.8
95.9
80.6
78.5

65.2
70.6
66.5
8l.8
75.3

65.3
64.1
59.9
76.0
71.0

132.9
103.6
111.5
86.4
74.8

126.4
'94.5
105.7
82.6
75.6

64.3
61.0
69.0
69.7
58.1

128.9
106.6
126.5
88.5
75.6

55.0
57.5
65.4
64.9
57.6

131.0
116.1
114.4
88.2
80.4

56.5
52.6
69.1
58.4
62.7

125.6
118.7
90.6
88.9
84.7

56.0
60.8
73.7
64.8
72.7

123.3
124.5
100.7
96.2
81.7

58.5
58.8
72.0
62.9
82.8

120.7
114.5
94.4
108.9
88.7

87.1
83.6
87.7
87.9
102.9

136.2
105.0
98.8
93.1
94:6

115.8
104.9
110.0
98.9
92.5

87.3
80.0
91.7
97.7
110.1

116.7
98.6
110.3
100.1
93.8

If.J

56.0
65.2
59.9
86.6
74.9

103.2
101.4
95.1
82.4
76.3

92.5
84.9
93.6
87.6
119.9

72.6
69.1
50.8
65.3
53.7

63.5
58.8
48.8
47.6
54.0

64.5
70.6
66.5
81.8
75.3

69.4
71.2
66.5
84.4
78.9

57.5
52.2
47.1
43.2
54.1

56.5
69.3
63.8
92.2
79 .7

73.0
72.7
82.1
83.0
69.1

53.1
48.3
44.6
48.0
55.9

66.2
71.0
80.8
80.1
71.1

70.7
65.8
84.3
71.2
76.4

54.4
52.3
45.2
49.4
52.8

66.6
72.4
81.9
72.1
80.8

56.2
59.7
46.7
55.4
51.2

68.7
65.0
51.9
55.3
54.1

61.0
61.2
78.3
68.4
90.1

72.6
69.7
72.5
72.6
85.0

98.3
97.8
74.7
76.0
69.6

74.0
67.8
74.5
79.4
89.5

89.0
93.7
76.4
75.6
72.7

74.0
67.9
70.9
66.3
90.9

70.5
59.9
56.7
54.8
51.9

71.3
76.7
60.4
89.4
73.8

98.4
96.9
85.8
73.2
85.4

67.2
65.6
56.3
63.9
51.8

75.0
63.7
60.3
58.3
55.2

72.6
69.1
50.8
65.3
53.7

70.6
65.3
54.3
52.9
60.0

68.4
62.1
56.1
51.5
64.4

65.6
59.6
55.1
59.2
69.0

66.4
63.7
55.1
60.2
64.4

62.4
66.4
51.9
61.6
56.9

74.7
70.7
56.5
60.1
58.8

81.3
80.9
61.8
62.8
57.5

72.3
76.2
62.1
61.4
59.1

74.6
73.4
65.0
55.5
64.7

1885 ______
L884 ______
1883 ______
1882 ______
1881 ______

80.5
74.0
80.4
64.9
74.1

53.9
61.2
66.9
56.6
67.7

51.4
56.2
77.6
62.6
85.1

53.0
49.9
60.9
58.0
70.9

49.0
48.8
58.1
49.2
64.1

48.5
53.3
54.4
51.1
63.4

45.8
54.6
52.9
54.6
63-.0

1880 ______
1879 ______
1878 ______
1877 ______
1876 __ >< ___

44.1
54.2
61.4
.62.7
67.5

48.0
55.2
54.5
62.8
62.5

72.3
71.7
72.6
71.6
68.0

67.4
78.8
80.0
81.0
70.1

74.3
91.3
75.6
93.0
77.1

67.0
59.4
69.2
64.5
51.8

71.9
66.1
71.8
58.0
66.1

60.0
64.8
66.2
51.8
51.6

77.4
66.2
71.7
45.8
51. 9

57.4
65.2
71.1
60.2
72.1

70.6
54.3
60.1
44.4
38.9

51.4
56.2
77.6
62.6
85.1

65,7
52.4
54,8
44.9
42.3

58.9
55.4
67.7
64.4
78.8

58.3
58.1
69.1
58.5
76.4

72.1
45.1
46.7
42.9
46.0

59.9
65.8
67.1
63.1
78.3

55.8
66.6
64.5
66.6
76.9

71.0
50.9
47.7
38.5
39.8

49.0
60.2
68.3
69.7
75.0

67.2
58.7
59.2
42.7
40.6

52.1
60.0
59.2
68.3
67.9

71.2
65.4
58.1
50.3
45.2

59.8
59.2
60.0
59.1
56.2

54.8
64.1
65.0
65.8
57.0

1875 ______
1874 ______
1873 ______
1872 ______
187L _____

85.7
87.7
65.6
59.8
50.4

56.3
69.2
57.3
70.4
58.4

83.0
79.3
70.1
64.5
59.1

98.9
80.9
67.5
70.3
73.0

47.2
63.3
54.4
47.1
47.9

59.8
50.8
59.2
55.1
44.2

42.8
50.2
52.1
45.9
42.8

63.8
60.0
61.3
47.9
47.7

48.7
53.5
45.8
42.9
50.2

77.4
60.7
65.8
42.0
47.6

39.6
50.1
50.4
38.2
40.5

78.4
60.4
59.5
44.0
38.5

37.6
46.8
46.6
33.1
38.3

78.2
62.3
57.7
47.2
44.5

89.0
55.7
51.9
47.7
51.2

37.2
45.6
41.7
30.0
33.8

86.6
62.1
60.4
48.7
50.4

74.7
65.2
77.9
56.2
53.4

32.8
36.7
37.6
28.9
29.5

30.4
34.4
38.1
30.2
30.5

70.8
72.5
64.9
59.2
49.9

67.5
64.5
59.9
55.1
50.5

45.4
44.6
49.8
43.6
33.1

74.9
61.3
51.5
53.6
55.7

1870 ______
1869 ____ .__
1868 ______
1867~ _____
1866 _____

37.6
38.6
36.7
29.4
29.0

77.4
71.1
75.5
65.3
58.8

53.8
49.6
53.5
50.2
38.3

35.7
23.6
27.2
30.0

58.0
56.5
61.2
49.2
46.4

33.7
26.8
27.9
32.4

40.3
54.1
46.5
40.2
40.9

44.7
23.9
30.6
40.6

39.6
46.5
48.2
42.5
39.. 6

36.6
32.4
27.1
34.2

44.7
49.0
42.0
39.4
46.1

39.2
49.6
49.9
37.8
40.1

33.2
27.5
25.0
23.7

39.5
49.2
49.1
34.9
40.3

30.3
24.8
16.1
21.9

41.4
50.7
46.3
33.4
37.5

47.6
48.8
46.5
37.2
36.7

26.9
21.9
14.1
20.1
24.5

43.1
48.2
49.4
38.0
38.8

20.8
22.6
15.9
17.1
24.4

22.3
21.9
16.2
15.8
22.2

39.4
44.6
49.5
39.2
39.7

44.9
44.2
49.3
43.1
32.8

29.0
32.6
21.1
20 .. 5
24.3

46.0
42.4
45.7
42.9
32.7

44.3
43.1
46.7
37.6
35.4

46.2
87.5
27.8
26.6
24.6

44.2
42.0
32.0
27.2
36.0

30.5
20.2
23.2
25.6

31.2
24.9
25.8
30.0

33.'l
27.5
17.9
24.3

34.1
27.7
17.8
25.4

27.3
29.8
21.0
22.5
32.1

28.9
28.4
21.0
20.5

28.7
32.3
20,9
20.3
24.1

39.5

33.7
32.1
24.5
20.8

- ------ - ------ - ------ - ------ - ------ - -------

41.0
36.2
34.9
21.9
32.1
28.9
28.1
26.9
26.3
37.2
33.9
24.9
------ - ------ - ------ - ------ - ------ -

-------

31.0

28.8

23.7
82.1
22.7
21.0

27.5

~
"t1

t-3

>

t:J
t?::J

"t1

t-3

If.J

t:J
~

c+

't;;I

'?

,...
U)

Series App. 20-21.-BUILDING PERMITS: 1891 TO 1945

ti

0:>

tl>-

ORIGINAL DATA

l'-:)

YEAR

Jan.

1945______
1944______
1943______
1942 ______
194L_____
...

37.1
27.6
24.3
52.4
89.2

1940 ______
72.1
1939______
76.8
1938 ______ 137.7
1937______
57.5
1936 ______
46.1
1935______
21.2
1934______
16.7
1933______
13.5
1932______ 37.6
193L _ _ _ _ _ 82.8
1930 ______
1929 - _ _ __ _
1928__ __ _ _
1927 _ _ _ _ _ _
1926 ______

100.2
189 . 1
189.1
191.4
210.0

1925 ______
1924 ______'
1923 ______
1922 ______
192L_____

195.0
200.6
185.9
132.5
55.8

1920 ______ 111.1


1919______
20.4
1918______
25.2
1917______
54.0
1916______ 53.0
1915______
1914______
1913______
1912______
191L_____

42.0
47,9
50.1
46.9
49.0

\~I~I~I~I~I~I~I~1

Oct.

I NOV.,

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED DATA

Dec.

Jan.

F,b. )

Mru. )

Ap'. ) May) J='-, July

55.9
67.0
26.9
83.6
115.8

50.9
36.4
39.0
91.7
115.1

61.6
38.8
41.3
62.3
119.2

68.9
47.9
31.5
49.4
108.7

71.8
64.0
37.7
45.2
127.3

SoPt.) o.t. )

NOV.)

>

'1:1

D".

of value
34:(5' I
45.6
62.4
57.4

-----__ 1_ ------1-------1-------1--. -----1-------1-------1-------1-------1-------1-------1------.1

44.21
46.1
40.9
47.1

43.9
48.1
41.0
36.5

71.3
71.0
75.6
73.9

70.0
82.4
91.8
75.2

77.4
72.1
91.1
71.8

78.6
77.2
89.1
81.3

70.0
64.3
79.0
74.9

41. 7
47.7
27.4
36.0
59.4

43.9
53.7
22.1
33.8
43.8

81.9
76.8
38.8
57.5
62.2

87.7
78.4
69.2
75.6
80.9

75.6
89.0
57.8
70.1
72.2

74.2
72.1
81.7
69.3
69.9

57.8
75.3
74.2
54.1
65.3

74.5
63.5
51.9
52.3
60.2

54.8
62.4
54.6
46.0
52.5

62.0
74.4
56.558.3
80.1
72.8
49.2
33.7
50.4
42.3

1905 _____ _
1904 _____ _
1903 _____ _
1902 _____ _
190L ____ _

37.4
29.5
24.2
23.9
24.9

29.5
20.0
25.2
32.0
30.2

68. 5
41.3
53.9
42.3
39.3

69.4
50.4
43.4
41.6
76.7

61. 9
51.0
44.1
42.2
39.3

70.9
50.1
54.6
47.0
36.1

67.7
45.4
38.7
42.7
28.5

65. 4
40.7
34.1
30.5
29.6

60. 8
45.8
26.1
31.2
24.9

50. 5
45.7
35.6
32.4
36.9

51. 1
45.6
32.3
27.2
30.6

1900 _____ _
1899 _____ _
1898 _____ _
1897 _____ _
1896 _____ _

40.0
33.1
30.0
38.7
26.6

52.7
41.5
34.1
31.0
32.3

19.7
19.2
16.4
24.3
17.6

45.4
30.8
38.8
38.6
36.4

60.1
36.2
47.3
34.7
32.2

54.2
39.4
33.9
30.4
56.0

16.0
19.2
16.1
19.9
22.1

20.7
39.3
29.1
30.6
32.0

26.5
38.6
35.5
40.0
27.3

26.1
40.0
20.4
27.2
32.4

26.9
32.2
25.8
28.4
29. 8

21.3
32.7
21.2
22.3
29.7

19.9
26.3
24.5
19.0
19. 5

18.4
22.5
21.5
21.9
16. 5

29.3
26.4
24.2
21.8
16.3

21.2
15.8
20.9
26.2
18.7

1895 _____ _
1894 _____ _
1893 _____ _
1892 _____ _

24.0
47.8
20.8
21.8
19.4

25.6
24.9
21.3
31.6
22.9

25.6
16.0
21.6
21.6
18.6

19.3
23.1
19.4
24.0
26.6

17.0
32.2
23.9
25.1
26.2

22.8
15.6
24.7
30.1
22.6

38. 1
22.7
40.7
39.8
31.2

40. 5
25.4
39.1
46.5
38.9

44.3
29.2
42.6
37.1
41.4

27.4
24.1
27.5
44.4
32.2

29.7
19.5
18.9
33.6
28.0

23.718.4
14.7
35.5
24.2

17.8
17.2
11.9
32.9
27.0

22.2
23.0
13.4
31.8
40.5

19.4
23.0
21.9
31.2
34.7

24.4
18.2
14.7
25.8
36.1

33.2
20.8
28.1
28.1
24.2

27.5
18.8
29.8
36.3
27.2

31.2
18.6
33.4
32.6
25.6

189L ____ _

Au.

Series App. 20: Value of building permits, Bradstreet's (in millions oC dollars)
90.2 100.1 126.9 1134.1
165.3 i-------I-- ____ -' ______ -'
I
111.6
63.1
96.2 134.1
-- 87.6
33.7 ___________________________________________________________________________________ ._
41.2
37.3
41.7
40.9 165.3
36.4 ___________________________________________________________________________________ ._
42.5
49.3
35;5
28.3
33.6 ___________________________________________________________________________________ ._
95.2
96.2
99.2
76.2
75.3 106.2
94.9 104.3 106.6 110.4
98.8 117.9
93.3. 98.2
91.9
88.6
81.8
76.3
91.4
97.7101.4
92.7
95.4
91.4
95.7111.9
85.1
93.3
85.8
91.9
69.7
97.9
77.9
90.0 100.6
82.9 100.0
85.6 101.1
82.3
90.5
93.9
84.3
88.3
89.6
97.7
85.4
103.6
60.8
99.0 101.4
91.4
84.0
43.2
63.2
67.5
62.3
73.3 123.1
83.1
85.4
78.7
88.2
72.1
83.3
91.5
76.8
98.0
87.3
74.6
93.6
73.8
99.3
163.9
66.1
52.0
73.4 102.9
96.8
79.4
75.1
75.1
69.4
70.4
74.1
56.9
62.5
57.7
66.6 114.0
81.5
87.1
57.7 108.5
72.9
85.7
68.5
80 2
88.4
43.1
63.4
66.9
67.1
95.7
78.8
65.4
72.7
74.9
92.7
89.6
73.5
68.3
69.5
68.0
71.8
62.6
68.6
67.7
67.1
54.9
117.9
51.9
57.1
61.9
62.1
87.0
73.0
64.1
74.2
69.4
72.8
22.9
73.6
37.7
42.5
39.6
42.7
43.4
45.5
37.9
54.4
46.3
51.8
25.2
16.7
27.6
34.0
39.4
21.4
23.3
35.5
23.2
28.5
28.6
36.7
38.8
40.2
21.5
30.9
44.6
38.7
22.4
50.4
16.3
53.8
14.5
19.9
56.3
20.1
19.3
14.2
17.2
26.1
28.3
24.7
27.9
21.6
32.9
21.1
26.4
28.2
22.2
28.0
21.9
24.2
28.6
21.7
26.0
16.1
34.6
17.7
17.5
12.8
30.8
37.9
28.7
26.5
23.3
22.0
15.9
24.2
25.7
22.9
26.7
22.0
27.4
28.8
26.2
20.6
20.1
28.1
84.5 128.4 137.2 105.5
44.8
23.6
41. 7
27.7
75.5
84.3
84.0
35.1
26.6
24.1
21.6
21.6
67.4
65.2
27.2
48.2
20.4
42.8 110.4
30.5
21.8
98.3 101.1 116.3
95.9
71.2
85.2
83.2
71.7
63.9
53.0
92.2 134.7146.9146.4124.4 134.3 112.3
47.0
98.4
94.5 133.6 107.2 106.1 124.5 133.1
205.0 328.0 431.4 209.2 172.3 204.4 174.1 117.1 106.3
117.4
135.7
111.2
158.4
175.5
124.6
142.1
104.2 108.1 lOlL 8
100.0 252.1 238.4 :258.3 365.6 190.2
252.6 297.5 250.6 276.2 277.8 240.8 229.2
162.5
228.2 300.4 288.0 259.3 264.4 215.7 255.2 198.4 210.7 188.2 184.0 252.1 293.7 234.3 212.4 251.1 262.1 206.5 172.4 168.5 172.1 156.2 109.9
206.9 333.3 327.4 278.6 299.4 268.5 277.4 213.5. 212.4 231.8 210.4 255.2 265.3 236.5 244.1 235.7 249.4 243.2 226.9 211.1 206.6 206.8 202.2
217.9 252.7 227.1
240.0 318.6 232.1 238.2 280.0 240.6 262.4
277.5 253.3 282.5 271.2 274.7 255.3 208.2 254.7 231.2
312.4 255.1 261.8
226.2 311.7 364.3 294.8 299.7 308.2 295.1
254.1 379.6267.1267.5236.2206.5216.3 271. 7 307.7 266.4 245.2 260.0 263.0 245.4 308.7 268.0 282.7
311.3
20.6.7
292.2
241.4
289.0
207.2
301.7 292.7 269.5
224.4 267.5 295.5 298:9 226.4 243.2
208.7 358.8 285.8 239.3 215.8 211.9 220.8
222.8
214.2 219.9 236.7 227.7 246.6
128.2 226.8 198.1 229.5 231. 7 189.0 200.1 198.3 248;1 228.5 230.6 247.9 242.7/ 282 . 5 242.2 217.5 203.6 208.6
214.0
184.1
218.6
189.3
211.0
243.2 251.1 253.4
190.9
211.6 176.7 149.1 178.6 167.9 208.6
88.2 111.8 135.0 129.3 133.2 139.3 142.8
218.6 190.9
140.3 155.6 132.5 129.9
195.9 185.6 209.8 232.5
74.4 102.6
88.0 114.4 117.5 125.7 140.7 198.1
141.4
149.3
152.5
145.6 142.7
99.3 138.3 168.1 115.9 117.0 107.2 100.9
85.0
84.8
67.7
60.4 154.3 134.2 121.3 136.7
31.0
55.4
76.3
96.1 119.3 121.1 145.0 123.0 135.4 126.3
93.5
98.3
95.7 101.9
88.5
91.2
132.0
78.7
28.3
69.4
26.0. 34.4
41.9
48.6
45.8
44.1
4(J.6
38.8
38.5
62.0
77.5
100.3
108.1 146.5 128.1 145.6 146.9 151. 7
31.3
19.2
14.8
15.5
35.0
59.3
35.1
30.2
37.2
76.9
74.2
67.5
59.5
53.1
46.6
35.6
34.1
34.6
49.2
38.9
41.3
32.6
40.5
20.6
29.1
17.2
17.8
75.0
51.8
80.1
67.5
60.3
80.6
85.7107.8
89.3 111.8
67.1
54.4
50.0
47.4
63.9
47.1
80.5
51.2
44.4
67.8
47.1
67.3
33.4
73.6
70.0
70.7
69.7
86.9
75.0
99.8
61.8
66.6
86.6
78.8
77.4
43.8
70.8
75.0
80.2
63.3
65. 5
67. 5
66.5
65.3
65.8
64.2
58.3
49.9
59.2
62.1
61.0
64.7
80 . 6
77. 2
80 . 1
80 .4
77 . 7
59 . 0
53.2
58.5
68.2
50.6
69.3
49.7
70.2
42.1
76.5
39.2
73.8
66.5
76.8
67.4
70.7
62.8
56.7
92.1
84.3
78.9
71.6
60.0
64.6
67.6
69.4
59.6
67.6
57.7
52.7
53.4
47.0
49.0
65.2
45.1
69.6 103.8
49.9
49.7
74.9
76.3
96.0
90.0
91. 5
82.2
78. 8
68.0
66.3
63.9
60.6
63.9
62.0 . 54.7
66.0
70.4
66.9
69.5
74.9
65.1
42.8
67.4
66.9
78.0
72.6
76.2
82.7
76.6
85.3
75.7
88.6
76.9
73.4
79.6
69.1
63.5
66.6
63.3
71.0
.48.9
77.8
79.9
68.1
57.8
66.8
67.2
61.8
71. 7
67.6
89.5
72.0
68.3
73.6
56.2

65.3
34.6
20.9
69.7
78.8

Series App. 21: Index


55.6
47.2
46.9
60.2
59.7
54.6
73.8
57.9
61.9
88.2
68.1
61.7

1914 ______ 1
1913 ______
1912______
191L_____
1910 _____ _
1909 _____ _
1908 _____ _
190L ____ _
1906 _____ _

of building permits, Long (Base: 1930=100)


33
.9
62.3
67.5
62.5
54.7
62.4
66.3
64.9
74.0
62.3
64.4
58.1
66.0
57.6
63.1
66.3
71. 7
73.5
49.4
66.3
56.2
64.8
58.8
57.9
50.8
58.7
67.5
71.8
68.5
61.0
53.7
67.2
82.6
67.4
61.2
71.8
60.2
38.6
34.0
34.0
5-li.1
46.6
27.6
50.7
52.0
50.4
59.1
56.5
36.0
83,7
67.4
54.6
63.2
58.2
0

'?
N
o
~
I-l

Z
t-3
P:4
t:"'I
K1

>
Z
t::J

.0

>
~

1-3
M
~

t:"'I

K1
H

ti

62.4
61.3
70.7
64.5

63.1
57.9
71.2
67.5

53.5
57.9
71.0
84.8

50.2
63.5
61.6
72.4

48.9
56.9
64.5
64.3

38.6
51.8
70.9
65.2

42.9
83.9
83.5
62.5

58.9
57.2
64.8
55.0
55.5

52.1
67.8
66.8
48.7
58.8

71.6
61.1
49.9
50.3
57.9

58.3
66.4
58.1
48.9
55.9

64.6
58.9
83.4
51.3
52.5

84.5
6.6.2
82.7
38.3
48.1

64.3
68.0
76.2
34.9

49.9
41.1
35.6
33.0
30.7

56.3
39.8
43.3
40.2
30.9

61.0
40.9
34.9
42.3
28.2

62.9
39.1
32.8
35.1
34.0

64.7
48.7
27.8
39.5
31.5

52.6
47.6
37.1
34.1
38.8

58.1
51.8
36.7
30.9
34.8

50.6
41.9
38.0
45.0
30.9

19.3
28.2
25.9
29.2
19.9

20.4
31.2
15.9
31.2
25.3

23.0
27.5
22.1
24.3
25.5

21.1
32.4
21.0
22.1
29.4

22.9
30.2
28.2
21.8
22.4

23.3
28.5
27.2
27.7
20.9

30.8
27 8
25.5
22.9
17.2

24.1
18.0
23.7
29.8
21.2

27.9
55.6
24.2
25.3
22.6

29.6
18.5
28.5
33.9
28.4

34.6
22:8
33.3
29.0
32.3

23.4
20.6
23.5
37.9
27.5

29.4
19.3
18.7

27.2
21.1
16.9
40.8
27.8

22.5
21.8
15.1
41.6
34.2

23.4
24.2
.14.1
33.5
42.6

22.0
26_1
24.9
35.5
39.4

28.4
21.2
17.1
30.0
42.0

33.3

27.7

~5.6

>
t-3

rn

Series App. 22.-VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS, DODGE: 1910 TO 1945


[In millions of dollars 1
ORIGINAL DATA
YEAR

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED DATA

Jan. I Feb. I M"I Ap'. I May I Junel July I Aug. I Sept. I 0"- I NO~ n~ J'n. I Feb. I M"I Ap'. I May I June I July IAug. ISept. I oot-1 Nov.l

nee.

37 States
1945 ______
1944 ______
1943 _ _ _ _ _ _
1942 ______
194L _____
1940 ______
1939 ______
1938 ______
1937 ______
1936 ______

140.9
159.2
350. 7
316.8
305.2

147.0
137.2
393.5
433.6
270.4

328.9
176.4
339.7
610.8
479.9

395.8
179.3
303.4
498.7
406.7

227 3
242.51
.
144.2 163.9
234.4 229.6
673.5 1,190.3
548.7539.1

257.7
190.5
183.7
943.8
577.4

263.6
169.3
413.8
721.0
760.2

278.3
175.7
175.1
723.2
623.3

316.6
144.8
213.5
780.4
606.3

370.1
164.8
184.4
654.2
458.6

330.7
188.5
252.2
708.7
431.6

---- -

__ I -

--- -

__ I -

--- -- --. -

196.2
251.7
192.2
242.7
214.8

200.6
220.2
118.9
188.3
140.4

272.2
300.7
226.9
231.2
198.8

300.5
330.0
222.0
269.5
234.6

328.9
308.5
283.2
243.7
216.1

324.7
288.3
251.0
317.7
232.7

398.7
299.9
239.8
321.6
294.7

414.9
312.3
313.1
281.2
275.3

347.7
323.2
300.9
207.1
234.3

1935_ _ _ _ __
99.8
1934_ __ _ __ 186.5
1933______
83.4
1932______
84.8
193L _____ 228 .. 0

383.1
261.8
357.7
202.1
225.8

380.3
299.8
301. 7
198.4
208.2

456.2
354.1
389.4
209.4
199.7

75.0
96.7
52.7
89.0
235.4

122.9
178.3
60.0
112.2
370.0

124.0
131.2
56.6
121. 7
336.9

126.7
134.4
77.2
146.2
306.1

148.0
127.1
102.3
113.1
316.1

159.3
119.7
82.6
128.8
286.0

168.6
119.6
106.0
134.0
233.1

167.4
110.2
120.1
127.5
251.1

1930 ______
1929 ______
1928 ______
1927 _ _ _ _ _ _
1926_ _ _ _ __

324.0
409.6
427.2
384. 5
457.2

200.6
135.2
145.4
107.3
242.1

188.1
111. 7
162.3
105.3
151.2

264.1
92.7
201.2
81.2
136.9

93.3
174.3
86.9
107.3
308.1

317.1
361.3
465.3
393.6
407.9

456.1
484.6
592.6
620.7
623.9

482.9
642.1
642.2
604.4
570.6

457.4
587.8
667.1
552.3
549.8

600.6
529.9
650.5
632.5
544.8

366.9
652.4
583.4
534.4
518.4

346.6
488.9
517.0
552.5
605.8

331.9
444.4
581.7
521.6
562.4

336.7
445.6
597.1
562.8
515.7

1925 ______ 309.5

253.6
391.0
471.5
466.4
487.0

249.4
316.4
432.8
477.4
537.4

310.9

491.0

567.6

508.7

561.1

611.4

565.4

530.3

474.8

528.8

547.0

- - - - - - 1 - - - - - - -. - - - - - - - , - - - - - - - , _______ _______ _______ 1 _______ I _______ 1 _______ I ______ _

- - - - - - - , - - - - - - - , - - - - - - -I - - - - ___ 1 ____ - - - , -

______ 1 _______ 1_'- _____ 1 _______ _______ 1 _______ 1 ______ _

- - - - - - . - - - - - - _. - - - - - - - , _______ , _____ ---- --I --- -

_. -

______ 1 _______ , _______ 1 _______ I _______ ______ _

_ _ _ I _ _ - - _ _ - . - - - - - - - . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ ._1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _

- - - - __ I - - - - - - -, - - - - - - - r - - - - - __ I - - - - - - -. _______ I _______ I _______ , _______ 1 _______ 1 _______ I ______ _

-- -

314.6
223.5
252.8
208.5

-. -

---- -

333.6
180.2
285.3
212.7

-, -

-- -

___ r - - - _

- - _1 _ _ - - - _ _ I - - - -

___ I

___ - - - _. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _______ 1 _______ 1 ______ _

313.2
236.4
240.8
207.1

317.3
207.5
249.5
227.8

291.0
272.3
248.7
225.1

282.6
246.1
311.5
228.1

263.1
212.2
287.1
267.9

264.7
269.9
244.5
241.5

299.3
289.3
205.0
241.5

256.7
354.2
200.1
211.0

312.3
314.3
206.7
216.9

327.9
360.6
193.9
184.9

113.6
146.5
79.8
132.8
336.3

128.0
183.8
61.2
108.9
339.4

127.8
139.6
61. 5
119.3
285.5

133.4
141.5
71.5
123.9
259.4

143.7
122.2
96.5
100.1
259.1

147.5
115.1
80.2
117.1
253.1

157.6
117.3
108.2
136.7
237.9

167.4
108.0
116.6
123.8
243.8

176.0
114.6
126.4
95.0
224.2

191.9
109.5
153.1
104.3
168.0

244.5
85.8
193.6
86.4
177.8

426.3
531.9
547.7
492.9
586.2

428.5
475.4
604,3
511.2
529.7

418.4
444.6
538.7
535.1
528.7

402.4
535.1
544.2
525.6
496.2

387.6
498.1
575.1
521.0
518.7

472.9
427.3
560.8
559.7
495.3

324.7
577.3
535.2
518.8
518.4

353.7
488.9
511.9
536.4
588.2

322.2
431.5
564.8
506.4
546.0

326.9
432.6
579.7
546.4
500.7

301.9
465.5
548.3
524.0
535.2

337.0
427.6
527.8
507.9
554.0

396.8

403.8

416.1

465.2

479.9

510.1

569.8

593.6

559.8

519.9

505.1

562.6

C\:)

tj::>..

co

255.4
258.7
218.7
165.3
111. 8

252.6
258.6
229.9
168.1
103.6

430.4
386.5
338.2
289.5
166.8

496.2 424.2
429.1 358.4
362.9 . 373.9
351.3 354~5
225.8 234.2

1920 ______ 235.7


1919______
56.2
1918 ______ 169.0
1917 ______
94.7
1916______
65.4

214.8
104.3
141.2
99.4
69.2

315.7
127.3
120.7
139.2
98.3

317.6
198.9
133.5
155.0
105.2

271.1
244.5
126.1
165.0
136.8

266.9
299.2
266.0
217.2
147.6

210.1
333.6
159.2
165.6
119.1

466.3
331.1
323.6
341.7
224.1

441.2
287.3
274.2
346.8
210.2

520.6
299.5
253.0
317.8
217.7

If.J

t-3

q
Q

t-3

27 States
1925 ______
192L _____
1923 ______
1922______
192L _ _ _ _ _

461.9
297.9
253.5
269.4
242.1

442.9
342.4
318.6
245.1
217.8

406.9
340.4
289.3
243.1
186.4

443.3
283.1
267.9
212.7
193.3

327.4
336.0
303.8
232.8
157.5

328.1
340.3
310.7
230.3
141.9

364.7
327.5
286.6
253.9
157.4

406.7
330.1
277.0
270.2
177.8

400.2
320.0
294.4
268.6
180.2

423.9
301.0
294.2
297.1
180.7

200.5
307.5
150.5
174.3
131.9

459.6
302.4
285.6
333.5
19l.1

290.8
245.6
305.6
203.5

183.4
237.9
129.9
127.2
137.5

181.2
322.4
173.1
159.2
156.6

457.3
304.0
264.1
280.6
252.2

434.2
339.0
325.1
255.3
222.2

135.7
231.0
138.4
97.7
127.5

432.9
354.6
317.9
282.7
216.7

102.5
236.4
59.8
96.6
117.8

471.6
329.2
326.7
276.2
268.5

332.0
79.2
238.0
133.4
92.1

294.2
142.9
193.4
136.2
94.8

315.7
135.4
1'28.4
146.5
102.4

262.5
180.8
129:6
152.0
101.2

222.2
212.6
114.6
150.0
122.1

202.2
209.2
177.3
148.8
105.4

182.7
280.3
134.9
142.8
104.5

182.3
269.7
130.9
151.6
114.7

191.0
247.8
135.3
132.5
143.2

169.3
282.8
144.2
133.8
137.4

157.8
268.6
160.9
113.6
148.3

153.0
363.7
93.4
138.0
151.0

505~4

1915 _____ _
1914 _____ _
1913 _____ _
1912 _____ _
191L ____ _

44.9
54.7
67.0
41.3
72.5

50.5
41.8
74.5
44.3
40.3

78.7
63.5
68.1
77.4
73.5

79.5
85.8
94.9
82.6
86.1

79.8
77.1
100.2
100.0
89.8

96.4
88.3
100.5
84.1
81.3

99.0
77.8
77.4
81.1
65.8

94.5
83.6
76.1
80.9
65.8

1910 _____ _

85.1
50.9
71.0
73.3
72.4

92.1
57.2
65.9
125.0
63.5

91.4
48.8
58.1
64.2
72.4

85.8
45.2
62.9
68.9
44.9

41.5

63.2
77.0
94.4
58.2
102.1

54.5

69.2
57.3
102.1
60.7
55.2

88.1

82.0
65.5
68.1
75.1
71.4

88.9

71.0
72.7
79.1
67.7
68.9

117.7

70.6
63.7
78.3
75.8
68.0

93.3

77.2

71.9
67.9
80.4
70.1
67.8

88.4
71.4
71. 7
75.1
60.9

67.1

82.2
72.7
69.8
79.3
65.1

47.2

64.9

88.6
53.0
74.0
76.4
75.4

85.3
56.6
65.2
123.8
62.9

65.7

106.3
56.7
67.6
74.7
84.2

52.4

102.1
53.8
74.9
82.0
53.5

58.5

74.7

85.5

71.1

89.2

77.8

71.5

66.4

49.2

64.3

76.4

62.4

t-3
~

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N

Series App. 23.-INDEX OF WHOLESALE PRICES, BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS: 1890 TO 1945

CI)

"'"'""

[ Base: 19~6-100. Original data


YEAR

Jan.

1945 ______ 104.9


1944 ___ :. __ 103.3
1943 ______ 101.9
1942 ______
96.0
194L _____ 80.8
1940 ______
79.4
1939 ______
76.9
1938 ______
80.9
1937 ______
85.9
1936 ______
80.6
1935 ______
78.8
1934 ______
72.2
1933 ______
61.0
1932_:. ____
67.3
1931. _____
78.2
1930 ______
92.5
1929 ______
95.9
1928 ______
96.4
1927 ______
96.5
1926 ______ 103.2

Feb.

Mar.

May
June
july
Sept.
- - - --- -Apr.
- - - - - --- --- -Aug.
-----

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

- - - - - - --'-

105.2
103.6
102.5
96.7
80.6

105.3
103.8
103.4
97.6
81.5

105.7
103.9
103.7
98.7
83.2

106.0
104.0
104.1
98.8
84.9

106.1
104.3
103.8
98.6
87.1

105.9
104.1
103.2
98.7
88.8

105.7
103.9
103.1
'99.2
90.3

105.2
104.0
103.1
99.6
91.8

105.9
104.1
103.0
100.0
92.4

106.8
104.4
102.9
100.3
92.5

78.7
76.9
79.8
86.3
80.6

78.4
76.7
79.7
87.8
79.6

107.1
104.7
103.2
101.0
93.6

78.6
76.2
78.7
88.0
79.7

78.4
76.2
78.1
87.4
78.6

77.5
75.6
78.3
87.2
79.2

77.7
75.4
78.8
87.9
80.5

77.4
75.0
78.1
87.5
81.6

78.0
79.1
78.3
87.4
81.6

78.7
79.4
77.6
85.4
81.5

79.6
79.2
77.5
83.3
82.4

79.5
73.6
59.8
66,3
76.8

80.0
79.2
77.0
81.7
84.2

79.4
73.7
60.2
66.0
76.0

80.1
73.3
60.4
65.5
74.8

80.2
73.7
62.7
64.4
73.2

79.8
74.6
65.0
63.9
72.1

79.4
74.8
68.9
64.5
72.0

80.5
76.4
69.5
65.2
72.1

80.7
77.6
70.8
65.3
71.2

80.5
76.5
71.2
64.4
70.3

80.6
76.5
71.1
63.9
70.2

91.4
95.4
95.8
95.8
102.0

80.9
76.9
70.8
62.6
68.6

90.2
96.1
95.5
94.7
100.6

90.0
95.5
96.6
94.1
100.3

88.8
94.7
97.5
94.2
100.5

86.8
95.2
96.7
94.1
100.4

84.4
96.5
97.4
94.3
99.5

1925 ______ 102.9


1924 ______
99.6
1923 ______ 102.0
1922 ______
91.4
1921. _____ 114.0

84.3
96.3
97.6
95.2
99.1

84.4
96.1
98.6 '
96.3
99.7

83,0
95.1
96.7
96.6
99.4

81.3
93.5
95.8
96.3
98.4

104.0
99.7
103.3
92.9
104.9

79.6
'93.3
95.8
96.4
97.9

104.2
98.5
104.5
92.8
102.4

101.9
97.3
103.9
93.2
98.9

101.6
95.9
101.9
96.1
96.2

103.0
94.9
100.3
96.3
93.4

104.3
95.6
98.4
99.4
93.4

103.9
97.0
97.8
98.6
93.5

1920. ____ _
1919. ____ _
1918 __ ~ __ _
1917 _____ _

103.4
97.1
99.7
99.3
93.4

103.6
98.2
99.4
99.6
94.1

104.5
99.1
98.4
100.5
94.2

103.4
101.5
98.1
100.7
92.9

157.1
129.8
122.7
104.5

158.6
131.3
126.4
107.7

165.5
133.0
128.3
114.1

167.2
135.3
128.1
120.7

166.5
135.6
129.0
122.0

165.8
141.1
132.0
123.0

161.4
144.3
134.3
124.8

155.2
141.1
137.5
123.5

144.2
141.6
136.3
122.2

133.4
144.5
136.3
122.8

120.7
150.5
136.3
122.9

157.7
134.4
125.0
102.1

tJ

YEAR

1916 ______

Jan.
77.0

Feb.

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

De'

82.5

82.9

83.4

85.1

86.9

91.1

97.4

99.

Mar.

Apr.

May

78.5

80.4

81.7

- -- -- - - -- -- --

1915 ______
1914 ______
1913 ______
1912 ______
1911. _____

68.1
68.6
70.3
66.0
66.1

68.6
68.3
69.8
66.7
64.4

68.2
68.0
69.9
67.5
64.7

68.7
67.6
69.7
69.7
63.3

69.0
67.4
68.9
70.0
63.0

68.3
67.4
69.0
69.0
63.0

69.3
67.3
69.5
68.9
63.9

1910 ______
1909 ______
1908 ______
1907 ______
1906 ______

68.6
69.6
69.7
69.7
65.5

68.3
70.2
70.6
70.5
66.1

70.2
68.0
70.4
70.8
66.2

71.7
67.5
70.1
70.2
65.9

74.
67.
69.
70.
65.

71.4
64.6
62.3
64.0
61.1

71.3
64.9
61.4
64.9
60.8

72.9
65.2
61.8
64.3
60.6

73.2
66.2
62.2
64.5
61.1

72.0
67.3
62.2
65.6
61.3

71.0
67.8
62.6
66.1
61.3

71.0
67.9
63.1
66.1
59.7

1905 ______ 60.6


190L _____ 59.7
1903 ______ 62.6
1902 ______ 56.8
1901. _____ 55.2
1900 ______ 57.0
1899 ______ 48.9
1898 ______ 48.0
1897 ______ 46.7
1896 ______ 48.0
1895 ______ 47.2
1894 ______ 49.6
1893 _____ ~
1892 ______ 56.6
52.7
1891. _____ 56.1
1890 _____ - 54.7

70.8
68.2
63.0
66.1
61.2

69.9
68.9
63.3
66.5
61.7

67.9
70.2
63.5
66.9
62.8

66.4
70.9
64.1
64.6
63.6

66.
71.
64.
63.
64.

61.0
60.7
62.0
56.7
54.7

60.3
60.5
60.3
56.5
54.5

60.4
59.3
60.0
57.4
54.4

59.3
58.5
59.0
58.3
54.1

59.3
58.4
59.0
58.8
54.1

59.4
58.5
58.6
59.1
54.5,

60.1
59.2
58.8
58.0'
55.4

59.6
59.8
59.5
58.7
56.1'

59.9
59.9
58.7
63.2
56.1

60.1
60.7
58.3
60.7
56.6

61.
61.
58.
61.
57.

57.3
49.7
48.6
46.3
47.5

57.3
49.8
48.8
46.3
46.9

57.2
50.6
48.9
45.8
46.7

56.1
50.7
51.8
45.5
46.0

55.5
51.3
48.3
45.0
45.5

55.8
51.9
48.0
45.3
45.1

55.7
53.0
48.0
47.1
45.1

56.1
54.6
47.8
48.5
45.3

55.3
55.4
47.7
48.1
46.6

55.4
55.8
48.0
47.9
48.1

55.
56.
48.
48.
47.

46.9
48.6
57.2
52.4
56.6

47.2
47.5
56.2
51.6
57.8

49.6
47.3
55.6
50.5
58.2

50.1
47.0
55.0
50.8
57.5

50.4
47.2
53.2
50.7
55.8

50.0
47.5
51.9
51.9
55.5

49.5
48.3
50.3
52.4
55.4

49.0
49.6
52.0
52.5
54.8

49.4
48.2
52.9
53.0
54.6

49.0
47.9
51.2
54.0
54.3

48. 8:
47. 5
50. 4
55. I[)
53. 8

54.8

55.0

55.1

55.6

55.4

55.7

57.8

58.4

58.1

57.1

56.

ioI:>-

Z
~
II:
t"4
K!

>
Z

tJ

!:)

>

~
t?:j

Series App. 24.-INDEX OF WHOLESALE PRICES, WARREN-PEARSON: 1850 TO 1894

K!

[Base: 1910-1914=100. Original data]


YEAR

Jan.

Feb.

--1894 ______
1893 ______
1892 ______
1891. _____

Mar.

Apr.

May

July
Aug.
Oct.
Nov.
- - - - - - - - - -June
- - - - - - - - -Sept.
- - - - - - - - -Dec.
-.-

72
83
77
82

71
84
77
83

69
82
75
84

69
81
74
85

69
80
74
84

69
78
74
82

69
76
76
81

1890 ______
1889 ______
1888 ______
1887 ______
1886 ______

71
73
77
81

76
77
80

70
77
77
80

70
75
79
79

80
84
88
84
84

69
74
80
79

80
83
87
85
84-

80
82
87
85
83

80
82
86
85
82

81
80
85
85
80

81
80
84
84
79

81
80
85
83
80

1885 ______
1884 ______
1883 ______
1882 ______
188L _____

84
80
85
84
81

85
81
85
83
81

85
81
86
84
81

83
81
87
85
81

83
82
87
87
82

87
97
105
107
99

88
97
106
108
100

86
97
105
108
100

87
95
104
109
101

85
93
103
110
100

83
93
100
111
100

84
92
98
110
101

84
92
98
111
103

1880 ______
1879 ______
1878 ______
1877 ______
1876 ______

83
91
97
108
107

83
90
97
107
108

84
88
96
106
107

86
87
97
105
107

105
87
97
115
114

105
88
96
112
114

106
87
94
107
114

102
86
93
110
113

99
86
90
112
109

97
85
88
106
106

97
86
89
107
,106

1875 ______
1874 ______
1873 ______
1872 ______

97
86
90
103
107

98
89
90
102
108

98
94
89
102
110

99
99
88
100
111

100
102
86
100
113

121
130
13S
133

121
130
139
133

121
130
139
135

122
128
139
138

119
127
136
138

117
124
132
137

117
125
132
135

118
124
132
136

117
124
132
131

117
122
129
134

116
121
125
138

115
121
128
136

72

I-t

YEAR

Jan.

Feb.

1871. _____

131

135

1870 ______
1869 ______
1868 ______
1867 ______
1866 ______

142
155
157
168
181

138
157
158
167
176

1865 ______
1864 ______
1863 ______
1862 ______
1~6L _____

223
153
126
98
92

217
156
137
99
90

1860 ______
1859 ______
1858 ______
1857 ______
1856 ______

94
95
93
111
108

1855 ______
1854 ______
1853 ______
1852 ______
185L __ '___
1850 ______

Mar.

tJ

Apr.

May

137

132

129

127

127

125

128

130

130

133

135
154
163
166
173

134
151
165
167
166

136
149
163
168
171

135
147
158
159
172

135
148
157
158
174

134
153
158
168
175

134
152
157
158
174

133
149
154
159
179

131
149
153
156
175

128
14'7
15,3
1S5
16;9

206
161
141
98
90

179
168
137
98
89

169
174
130
95
88

159
189
126
94
85

161
219
127
98
83

168
225
127
105
85

179
225
123
107
86

190
207
134
111
89

189
216
142
120
92

184
22:2
14,8
12:3
94

94
99
93
113
107

94
99
95
115
106

93
98
95
114
105

93
97
94
115
102

91
97
92
114
99

92
95
92
114
102

92
92
94
115
104

92
91
94
114
103

93
90
94
106
105

93
92
92
101
107

91
93
93
98
108

107
105
96
83
87

107
112
97
85
87

109
109
97
87
86

111
109
95
86
85

114
109
94
86
84

115
110
93
86
82

109
106
93
88
81

109
108
95
90
81

109
110
97
91
81

109
105
101
91
81

111
108
102
93
81

H2
107
103
95
81

88

84

85

84

84

84

84

83

83

84

85

85

June

July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dee.


- -- - - --- -- -- -- -- -

I-t

rJ).

Series App. 25.-INDEX OF STOCK PRICES-INDUSTRIALS, UTILITIES, AND RAILROADS: 1871 TO 1945

...

[Base: 1935-1939=100. Original data

-'I

00

i
:'C
b
Q;)

YEAR

Jan.

1945 ______ 108.4


1944______
1943______ 94.6
79.7

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

JUly

~ug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

113.0
94.4
84.8

111.8
96.6
88.2

114.4
95.1
91.3

118.2
97.2
95.2

120.7
101.5
96.7

118.4
104.3
98.5

117.9
102.7
94.4

126.1
100.7
95.6

132.0
103.5
94.8

136.9
102.7
91.4

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

139.7
104.7
91.8

190L ______ 79.9


1906 _______ 82.6

77.5
82.0

69.9
79.9

70.1
78.9

67.8
76.8

65.6
77.7

68.1
75.8

63.0
81.4

62.2
83.8

55.4
83.3

52.3
82.7

54.9
82.4

1905 _______ 70.3


1904 _______ 55.9
1903 _______
70.6
1902
_______ 67.8
190L ______ 59.0

73.5
54.2
70.2
68.4
60.5

75.5
54.2
67.6
68.5
62.7

74.8
55.3
64.7
70.9
68.0

71.1
54.2
63.5
70.6
64.5

71.9
54.3
60.0
70.2
71.0

74.2
56.6
57.2
72.1
66.2

77.1
58.5
55.3
73.7
67.1

77.2
61.0
54.0.
73.8
66.8

78.2
64.7
52.3
71.4
66.0

77.8
68.1
52.5
68.7
67.6

79.8
68.8
54.8
67
.. 3
66.4

1900 _______
1899 _______
1898 _______
1897
_______
1896 _______

51.0
50.9
40.8
35.3
35.7

51.8
52.8
40.7
34.8
37.2

52.3
53.4
38.8
35.1
36.5

52.9
54.2
38.1
34.0
37.0

50.5
51.8
40.7
34.1
36.7

49.0
50.8
42.2
35.7
36.1

49.0
52.5
42.4
37.2
33.7

49.5
53.7
44.0
39.8
31.9

48.5
53.1
43.9
41.6
33.5

50.3
52.9
43.1
40.2
34.2

54.2
54.0
44.5
38.8
36.5

57.3
50.3
47.2
39.8
35.3

1895 _______
1894 _______
1893 _______
1892
_______
189L ______

35.4
36.0
46.9
45.9
40.3

35.0
36.5
45.9
46.0
40.9

35.0
37.6
44.2
46.6
40.1

36.4
38.1
44.2
46.5
41.5

38.4
36.7
40.3
46.5
41.4

39.3
36.2
38.5
46.3
40.4

39.5
35.5
34.8
46.4
39.8

39.9
36.9
34.1
47.0
41.2

40.2
37.5
36.4
45.7
44.6

39.7
36.2
37.5
46.7
44.6

38.3
36.2
38.0
46.5
43.8

36.1
35.8
36.9
45.9
45.3

1890 _______ 44.9


1889 _______ 43.6

44.5
44.2

44.1
43.4

45.0
43.3

47.0
44.5

46.6
45.2

46.3
44.2

45.2
44.9

44.5
45.9

42.4
45.2

39.4
44.7

38.3
44.4

1888~ ______
44.4
1881______ 46.6
1886 _______ 43.5

44.0
46.3
44.1

42.4
47.3
43.4

42.6
48.5
42.8

43.2
49.2
41.9

41.7
47.8
43.7

42.9
46.6
44.5

43.7
45.4
44.8

44.9
44.9
45.9

44.7
43.4
47.2

43.6
44.1
48.3

43.0
44.0
47.1

1885 _______
1884 _______
1883 _______
_______
1882
188L ______

35.4
43.3
48.6
49.5
51.7

36.3
44.5
47.4
48.5
51.5

36.4
44.2
47.9
48.4
52.2

36.4
42.4
49.0
48.4
52.1

36.1
38.9
48.2
47.7
54.3

35.8
36.2
48.7
47.5
54.9

37.3
37.3
47.7
50.2
53.1

39.3
39.7
45.6
51.6
51.8

38.9
38.2
46.1
52.2
52.3

41.1
37.1
45.0
50.8
51.4

43.7
36.2
45.6
48.7
5.1.7

43.4
36.2
44.6
48.8
50.3

1880 _______
1879 _______
1878 _______
_______
1877
1876 _______

42.7
29.9
27.0
29.7
37.2

43.5
30.9
26.6
27.9
87.8

44.1
30.5
27.0
26.5
37.6

43.3
31.4
27.8
24.6
36.2

39.9
32.9
27.9
24.6
34.3

40.0
33.3
28.5
22.9
34.6

41.8
33.8
29,0
23.8
34.2

43.5
34.1
28.7
25.3
32.7

43.4
35.3
29.4
26.9
30.8

44.6
39.1
29.0
27.7
30.6

46.9
41.2
28.9
27.1
30.1

48.9
41.1
28.7
27.0
29.9

1874~

88.0
39.0
42.7
40,5
37.0

'7.8
40.0
43.1
40.8
37.5

'8.2
39.5
42.7
42.1
38.4

....
38.4
41.9
43.3
39.6

.1.3

'S.5
37.3
41.6
42.9
40.2

'S.S
37.3
41.5
42.6
39.6

38.7
37.4
41.5
41.9
39.9

....
37.9
38.3
41.4
40.3

'5.9
37.9
35.0
41.5
38.3

8...
38.0
33.7
41.4
38.8

...
38.0
36.9
42.3
39.6'

1942______
194L ____ .

72.6
85.0

69.9
80.1

66.0
80.3

63.3
77.9

63.2
77.1

66.1
79.5

68.2
83.2

63.3
83.2

69.4
83.6

74.2
80.4

75.2
77.4

75.9
71.8

1940______
1939 ______
______
1938

97.4
97.0
87.4
133.5
107.3

96.8
95.1
85.2
136.7
112.6

96.7
96.0
79.2
136.6
114.8

98.1
85.0
76.5
128.1
112.6

85.1
88.4
78.0
123.3
107.6

78.1
89.9
79.7
119.6
111.5

80.8
91.8
93.6

81.6
90.7
94.0

85.5
99.7
89.6

126.0
116.2

127.3
119.2

111.0
120.5

86.0
100.7
98.5
94.3
126.6

86.7
98.9
99.4
87.6
131.1

84.9
97.0
97.1
85.7
130.0

1935______ 73.6
1934______
79.9
1933
______
51.8
1932______
61.3
193L _____ 118.5

71.5
85.0
47.5

71.3
84.1
50.2
46.3
115.3

77.2
75.8
66.4
42.0
103.5

80.3
77.6
79.1
35.9
100.4

83.8
75.4
85.0
37.9
103.7

88.0
71.6
79.3

52.7
73.7

99.5
73.3
73.0
50.2
75.7

101.1
73.1
74.3

56.3
100.8

89.8
70.7
79.0
61.5
86.3

90.9
71.1
73.3

59.6
126.5

68.0
81.3
45.6
60.0
128.4

1930 ______ 165;0


1929 ______
______ 195.6
1928
141.9
1927 ______ 111.5
1926 ______ 107.5

174.8
196.9
139.7
113.9
107.5

182.0
199.7
145.6

191.1
197.0
154.1
117.3
98.1

180.0
198.3
160.6
120.6
98.4

161.4
201.4
153.4
121.9
102.6

157.7
218.9
152.3
123.8
105.6

155.9
230.3
156.6
128.8
108.7

157.1
237.8
165.4
134.8
110.1

134.7
213.0
168.0
133.8
107.3

123.2
159.6
180.7
136.9
108.9

115.5
162.4
181.0
140.5
111.3

87.4
72.2
77.3
69.8
58.7

90.2
72.0
73.7

91.8
73.3
70.9
71.8
55.7

97.8
78.6
69.3
77.0
56.2

101.0
77.6
68.2

72.5
60.5

94.3
95.6
76.7
79.4
68.5
68.8
72.375.0
55.5
54.8

78.7
56.9

104.2
81.9
70.3
74.8
60.0

105.9
86.3
72.7
74.6
62.1

73.1
71.3
61.3
77.9
77.1

68.5
76.2
63.2
75.3
78.8

67.3
78.3
63.3
76.8
79.5

67.2
80.8
63.8
74.7'
78.4

64.6
75.4
64.4
72.5
79.0

66.9
76.6
64.1
69.0
82.3

67.0
80.5
66.8
65.3
84.8

63.6
78.1
68.5
59.8
86.8

57.9
75.8
67.1
57.8
83.3

67.7
67.8

66.2
68.2

66.9
67.6

68.1
63.9

70.9

73.5

77.7

80.4

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

80.6
61,2

1937 ______
1936 ______

115.2
101.2

1925______
1924______
1923
______
1922______
192L_____

89.9
75.0
75.6
62.0
60.4

90.7
75.4
78.9

88.3
73.9
80.1

63.4
60.0

65.8
58.5

1920______
1919______
1918______
1917______
1916______

75.0
66.7
61.3
81.3
79.3

68.8
67.0
63.1
76.7
78.2

1915 ______
1914______

62.2
69.8

61.4
70.9

73.7
69.0
61.9
79.1
77.fJ
62.9'
69.6

:u :tg :u ~:! :i:~ ~U


80.6

76.7

72.5

73.0

75.9

76.1

1910______
1909______
1908______

72.2
83.2
66.2

73.9
85.1
69.1

74.6
85.2
68.3

77.9
85.5
69.2

77.8
85.1
73.8

75.6
86.2
75.4

81.2
73.6
55.2

83.3
74.7
57.4

81.4
77.9
60.5

79.9
80.5
63.8

76.1
81.9
63.9

YEAR

50.1
61.0

1m::::::
+U 78.9
+U 78.0
+U 77.6
:~:~ 79.3
+U :U
191L_____ 77.5
80.9
84.5
75.8
57.2

1875 _______
______
1873
_______
1872 _______
187L ______

37.5
42.1
43.3
40.5

z
~

t?;j

><1

I-rj

en

o
pq
'"d
~

I--i

t:c.1

UJ
1

New York Stock Exchange closed.

Series App. 26.-INDEX OF STOCK PRICES, RAILROADS: 1857 TO 1885


[ Dollars per share. Original data 1
Jan. '

Feb.

1885 ______
1884 ______
1883 __ ~ ..,__
1882 ______
1881- _____

38.12
46.74
52.35
53.12
56.38

39.13
48.01
51.05
51.89
55.77

1880 ______
1879 ______
1878 ______
1877 ______
1876 ______

45.26
31.15
27.84
30.29
38,29

1875 ______
1874 ______
1873 ______

39.41
40.36
44.25

YEAR

-"-'---

00
,jlw.

0-.

1872 ______

187L _____

42.29

89.70

Mar.

Apr.

May

39.29
47.85
51.73
51.64
56.51

39.22
46;04
52.95
51.60
56.21

38.63
42.26
51.88
50.98
58.51

46.22
32.83
27.28
28.89
88.87

46.97
31.66
27.75
27.05
39.02

46.35 42.59
82.66 34.38
28.61 . 28.62
25.07 24.99
37.48 35.93

39.27
41.47
44.79

39.64
40.73
44.42
43.87
40.97

40.06
89.62
43.66
45.20
42.05

42.55

40.11

38.33
38.60
43.73
45.03
43.00

June

July

Aug.

38.33
39.20
52.36
50.68
59.00

39.98
40.31
51.40
53.68
56.80

42.10
42.77
49.11
55.36
55.74

41.55 43.82
41.17 39.84
49.72 . 48.45
55.86 54.46
56.12 55.25

46.61
38.93
49.10
52.18
55.61

42.62
34.86
29.89
28.59
35.60

44.61
35.46
29.91
24.39
35.22

46.52
35.95
29.56
25.97
33.65

46.49
37.25
30.20
27.70
31.71

51.12
43.29
29.80
27.97
30.72

37.62
38.23
43.36
44.56
42.69

37.65
38.29
43.21
44.19
41.91

37.80
38.52
42.98
43.57
42.18

Sept.

37.42
39.09
39.74
43.03
42.38

Oct.

48.14
41.17
29.91
28.48
31.39
36.90
38.96
36.42
42.95
40.25

Nov.

37.38
39.05
85.11
42.68
40.58

Dec.

YEAR

46.43
38.95
48.13
52.50
54.03

1870 _______
1869 _______
1868 _______
186L ______
1866 _______

53.69
43.43
29.69
27.84
30.55

1865 _______
1864 _______
1863 _______
1862 _______
186L ______

37.38
39.10
38.28
43.82
41. 88

1860 _______
1859 _______
1858 _______
185L ______
1

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

38.07
38.23
34.50
31.51
30.20

39.29
38.52
35.30
31.22
29.44

39.05
38.23
35.12
31.01
29.54

39.66
38.89
34.91
30.33
30.03

41.22
40.59
36.12
30.68
80.65

41.54
40.96
36.71
31.74
31.05

40.27
40.87
36.72
32.88
31. 59

39.54
41.44
36.34
33.03
82.80

39.89
38.75
36.66
32.98
32.95

32.93
83.86
26.60
16.54
17.09

32.16
85.48
27.53
17.12
17.02

29.17
37.99
27.04
17.65
17.41

28.75
88.68
27.36
17.51
16.09

29.89
36.99
29.96
18.84
14.86

28.83
37.69
29.01
19.23
15.01

30.07
37.34
29.69
18.80
15.63

29.73
37.62
31.79
19.44
15.30

80.95
35.42
31.83
20.83
15.27

16.68
15.28
16.56
20.41

16.97
14.80
16.82
20.10

1S.10 16.17 15.98 15.78 16.25 16.16 15.88


18,87 18.61

15.11
15.93
15.69
21.22

June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.


- --.-- -- - - - -- -- - - - . - --

15.21
1'5.78
17.16
20.83

15.85
15.66
17.45
20.82

40.0~;

38.44
37.21
32.91
33.95

40.06
38.16
36.16
32.81
33.45

39.61
37.52
36.8E
88.2
32.7

31.84
83.14
32.69
22.89
15.86

32.12
34.88
32.78
23.08
16.06

31.6
34.5
32.4
23.5
15.5

17.20 17.73 18.81 19.28 18.62 16.57 15.49


14.91 14.98 15.10 15.70 15.40 15.57 15.41l

17.70 15.14 12.830 14.65 15.27

tJ
I\:l

C"t-

s:o

>

Series App. 27.-COMMERCIAL PAPER RATES IN NEW YORK CITY: 1857 TO 1945

t:;
~

[ In percent I

----I~I F'~b.
1945 _____ _
1944 _____ _
1943 _____ _
1942 __ :..:.. __
194L ____ _

0.76
0.75
0.69
0.69
0.81

0.75
0.75
0.69
0.69
0.69

I Mar.
0.75
0.75
0.69
0.69
0.69

I~I~I

June

1~I~Ug. I Sept. I

Oct.

Nov.

Apr.

I May I June .I~I

Aug.

I~I

Oct.

Nov. I Dec.

0.75
0.75
0.75
0.69
0.69

0.75
0.75
0.75
0.69
0.69

0.75
0.75
0.75
0.69
0.69

0.75
0.75
0.75
0.69
0.69

0.81
0.81
0.69
~
1.00
0.75 -.--- - --'- - - ---- .---- --- .-------.------- .-------.- - - ---- ,-- - ----1- ______ 1_______ , _______ , ______ _

1985 _____ _
193L ____ _
1988 _____ _
1982 _____ _
193L ____ _

0.81
0.69
0.88
1.00
0.75

0.81
0.69
0.88
1.00
0.75

0.81
0.69
0.88
1.00
0.75

0.81
0.7.8
0.75
1.00
0.75

0.81
0.78
0.69
1.00
0.75

0.75
1.25
1.38
4.00
2.82

0.81
0.81
0.69
1.00
0.75

0.75
1.22
1.38
3.88
2.50

0.75
1.00
2.78
8.52
2.53

0.75
1.00
2.56
3.38
2.40

0.75
0.90
2.08
3.00
2.12

0.75
0.75
1.69
2.78
2.12

1980_ .. ___ _
1929 _____ _
1928.:.~ ___ _
1927 _____ _
1926 _____ _

0.75
0.75
1.50
2.56
1.95

0.75
0.75
1.50
2.18
1.88

0.75
0.75
1.25
2.12
1.88

0.75
0.75
1.25
1.94
3.86

4.90
5.50
3.88
4.19
4.85

0.75
0.75
1.25
1.74
4.00

4.62
5.56
3.99
4.15

4.10
5.69
4.19
4.00
4.28

3.88
5.88
4.31
4.09
4.19

3.68
6.00
4.55
4.12
4.08

3.44
6.00
4.72
4.12
3.88

1925 _____ _
1924~ ____ _
1923 _____ _
1922 _____ _
192L ____ _

3.15
6.00
5.09
4.06
3.94

3.00
6.08
5.42
3.90
4.22

3.00
6.12
5.59
3.91
4.40

3.00
6.12
5.51
4.00
4.53

2 ..97
5.41
5.38
3.93
4.43

3.62
4.88
4.62
4.91
7.82

3.62
4.78
4.68
4.88
7.75

3.91
4.62
5.03
4.79
7.62

3.93
4.62
5.12
4.56
7.56

3.88
4.19
5.12
4.28
6.93

3.88
3.97
4.91
4.03
6.71

3.90
3.52
4.95
3.94
6.28

1920 _____ _
1919 _____ _
1918 _____ _
1911- ____ _
1916 _____ _

3.97
3.25
5.03
3.88
5.95

4.15
3.12
5.12
4.19
5.88

4.38
3.12
5.12
4.39
5.62

4.38
3.22
5.09
4.61
5.17

6.00
5.25
5.57
3.55
3.12

6.40
5~ 18
5.68
4.09
3.12

6.67
5.38
5.88
4.12
8.12

6.82
5.38
5.91
4.28
3.12

7.16
5.38
5.88
4.83
3.12

7.72
5.53
5.88
5.00
3.62

7.84
5.43
5.88
4.68
3.97

8.00
5.38
5.94
4.79 .
3.72

7.97
5.38

1915 _____ _
1914 _____ _
1913 _____ _
1912 _____ _
191L ____ _

5.18
3.38

8.00
5.38
6.00
5.38
3.38

7.93
5.50
5.97
5.44
8.49

3.85
4.53
4.81
3.90
3.99

3.75
3.85
4.90
3.75
4.06

8.38
3.84
5.76
4.19
3.90

3.66
3.74
5.52
4.14
3.65

3.72
3.88
5.85
4.19
3.62

3.65
3.86
5.88
4.00
3.68

3.25
4.44
6.04
4.52
3.78

1910 _____ _
1909 _____ .
1908 _____ _
190L ____ _
1906 _____ _

3.53
6.34
6.00
5.00
4.19

3.28
6.70
5.81
5.56
4.53

3.22
6.44
5.66
5.93
4.36

2.99
5.50
5.56
5.72
3.94

4.75
3.72
6.47
6.15
5.05

4.44
3.58
5.06
5.94
5.03

4.50
3.50
5.68
6.. 18
5.28

4.75
3.50
4.46
5.94
5.44

4.75 .
3.44
3.94
5.47
5.82

4.92
8.25
3.64
5.44
5.25

1905 _____ _
1904 _____ _
1903 _____ _
1902 _____ _
190L ____ _

5.38
3.38
3.75
5.75
5.46

5.43
4.04
3.60
6.25
5.96

5.53
4.18
3,93
6.81
6.56

5.56
5.08
4.06
7.10
6.80

5.50
5.05
4.03
7.25
6.25

3.97
4.88
5.12
4.50
4.03

3.88
4.78
4.84
4.00
3.69

3.93
4.68
5.61
4.34
3.75

3.97
4.06
5.22
4.48
3.97

3.98
3.92
4.75
4.53
3.97

3.75
8.61
5.08
4.44
3.94

4.12
3.53
5.44
4.62
4.30

1900 _____ _
1899 _____ _
1898 _____ _
1897 _____ _
1896 _____ _

4.20
3.88
5.94
4.84
4.50

4.72
4.31
6.00
5.61
4.94

4.95
4.40
5.84
5.94
4.65

5.58
4.13
5.97
5.75
4.72

4.93
2.90
3.25

4.40
3.05
3.12
3.00
5.81

4.88
3.86
4.65
3.33
5.22

4.25
3.69
5.75
8.58
5.27

3.70
3.60
4.65
3.53
4.53

3.68
. 3.31
8.24
3.12
4.25

4.03
8.66
8.66
3.40
5.05

4.19
4.35
3.64
3.72
7.81

'4.34
4.94

4.11

4.10
8.80

5.05
5.19
3.41
4.19
8.36

4 ..40
5.42
3.30
3.38
5.84

3.62

8.91
3.08
6.80
3.98
5.25

3.97
3.10
5.76
3,47
5.08

2.77
2.93
6.69
3.16
6.38

2.62
2.91
8.47
2.95
5.50

2.94
8.00
10.88
8.47
5.60

8.47
3.07
10.60
3.96
6.76

4.03
8.28
8.28
4.71
5.78

4.78
2.76
5.91
5.16
5.58

4.13
2.79
4.38
5.14
5.06

4.97
3,69
5.00

~I~I

0.75
0.75
0.75
0.69
0.69

0.81
0.69
0.88
1.00
0.75

3.SO

Jan.

0.75
0.75
0.75
0.69
0.69

0.81
0.69
0.88
1.00
0.75

3.10
3.48
5.10
4.16
5.88

0.75
0.75
0.70
0.69
0.69

0.81
0.69
1.00
0.83
0.75

6.00

Dec.

'?

0.75
0.75
0.69
0.69
0.69

0.81
0.69
1.06
0.75
0.75

3.31

DATA

0.75
0.75
0.69
9.69
0.69

0.81
0.69
1.00
0.76
0.75

3.91

'T;S

AD~STED

SEASONALLY

1940 _____ _
1939 _____ _
1938 _____ _
1981- ____ _
1936 _____ _

1895 __ ~ __ _
1894 _____ _
1893;.. ____ _
1892 _____ _
189L ____ _

ORIGINAL DATA

YEAR

--- -.- -- -- -

-.- -

-- -

-1- - - - - - -.- -- - - _

--._-- --- -

- - - - - -1- - - - - -

-._-- -- -

,--- -- -

-.- -

-'- -- -

-- --'_ -

-. _

- - ____ _______ _______ 1 _______ 1 _______ _______ ' ______ _

-. --- -- -- ._-- -

___ _______ ,

--.- -

_______ I

___ -1 _____ -

-- -- -

-- -

--- -- -

-. -- --- -

-. -- -

-._-- -

._-- -- --.- -

--. -

-- -

,-- -

- - - - 1 - _ _ _ ... _

-- -

- - ,-- -

______ _

1 _______ _______ _______ ' ______ _

-, _______ _______ 1 _______ _______ 1 _______ , ______ _

- - - --1- - - - - - - ' - - _____ 1 _______ _______ _______ 1 _______ , _______ _______ , ______ _

- - - , - - - - - - - , - - - - - - - . _ - - - - - - 1 - _ - - - - - ' - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 __ .:.. _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

- - - - - - - , - - - - - __ 1 ______ - . - - - - - - - . _______

_. _______ , _______ '

_______ _______ _______ J _______ , ___ _

- -- - -- -.- - - - -- _1_ -- _ -- -. _ -- _ -- _ '- -- ____ , _______ _______ _______


-

6~00

------ -.- -- -

-.- -

- - -- -

-- - - - - -

_______ , _______ _______ 1 _______ _______ _______ ______ _

-.- -

--- -

-. -

-- --. -

-- -

- 1 - _ _ -, _ _ _ , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ' ._ _ _ _ _ _ _

-----. __ 1___ ----1-------1--. -----1---.----1-------1-------1-------1-------1- ------1-------1------1

0.75 ___________________________________________________________________________________ _
0.7.5.
1.41
1.37
1.39
2.75
2.53
2.12
1.76
1.56
1.55
1.24
1.20
1.20
1.37
3.96
3.92
3.49
8.35
3.06
2.90
2.67
2.25
2.10
1.87
1.67
1.47
1.51
4.00
2.79
2.58
2.50
2.38
2.16
2.21
2.03
1.94
1. 86
3.22
3.85
3.88
2.85
4.85
4.67
4.06
8.84
3.76
3.58
3.28
3.09
2.97
5.00
5.45
2.88
5.62
2.86
5.63
2.77
5.82
6.12
6.25
6.25
6.27
6.06
5.44
3.84
5.88
4.03
5.20
4.15
4.85
4.27
4.64
4.92
5.30
5.59
5.53
3.97
4.15
5.30
3.95
5.17
3.96
5.28
4.05
4.20
4.29
4.23
4.02
3.87
4.40
4.81
3.85
4.19
3.78
4.24
3.85
4.15
4.11
4.04
4.10
4.35
4.36
4.36
4.26
4.27
4.38
3.58
3.66
8.87
3.89
3.96
4.04
4.06
4.09
4.11
3.55
4.83
4.21
4.21
4.83
4.25
4.57
4.57
4.28
4.14
3.67
3.35
3.09
4.88
4.57
3.00
3.10
4.73
3.45
4.98
5.07
5.22
5.11
5.16
5.19
5.07
4.62
4.86
4.92
4.89
4.93
4.74
4.74
4.51
4.37
4.20
4.10
4.00
4.15
5.12
7.82
4.22
4.43
7.67
4.49
7.70
7.49
6.73
6.51
6.28
6.01
6.00
5.79
5.28
5.12
7.88
6.00
6.34
6.74
6.75
6.95
7.50
7.84
8.08
8.13
8.25
5.88
5.25
8.09
5.13
7.88
5.43
5.33
5.22
5.37
5.43
5.48
5.49
5.55
5.81
5.57
5.61
5.62
5.88
5.94
5.85
5.71
5.71
5.88
6.00
6.12
5.50
3.55
6.19
6.09
4.05
5.81
4.16
4.24
4.69
4.85
4.68
4.84
5.29
5.55
3.12
3.91
5.55
3.09
5.50
3.15
3.09
3.03
3.51
3.97
3.76
3.45
3.48
3.56
3.91
3.09
3.85
3.71
3.41
3.62
3
..
61
3.54
3.25
3.57
3.35
3.32
4.35
5.09
3.05
4.94
3.09'
4.80
4.68
4.85
4.82
4.62
5.28
5.36
4.84
5.69
5.12
4.33
5.57
3.92
6.47
6.20
6.01
6.61
6.16
5.41
5.10
4.80
6.00
4.15
4.83
4.26
5.37'
4.71
4.65
4.71
4.49
4.61
4.50
4.88
5.03
4.62
4.24
4.97
4.61
5.6H
4.38
4.10
4.07
4.13
3.86
3.77
3.97
3.69
3.43
4.36;
4.66
5.05
5.05
5.06
5.34
5.34
5.53
5.49
4.89
4.85
4.71
5.11
3.96
4.78
4.01
4 .. 40
8.93
3.93
3.87
3.65
3.45
3.64
3.67
4.26
3.85
5.83
4.39
4.91
4.82:
5.31
4.69
4.33
4.23
4.17
3.83
3.78
3.87
7.83
5.54
3.80
5.77
3.5B
5.78
6.25
6.01
6.33
6.39
6.65
6.55
6.76
6.25
4.55
6.84
4.88
7.18
4.93
5.73
5.85
6.10
6.07
6.34
6.31
6.00
5.90
5.73
5.81
3.58
8.72
3;67
4.18
4.37
4.36
4.58
4.47
4.54
4.71
4.28
4.40
5.26
4.64
5.3B
4.37
4.27
4.31
4.20
3.92
4.13
4.14
4,19
5.85
3.90
5.12
3.9~:
5.38
5.84
5.55
5.34
5.84
5.85
6.06
5.45
5.12
6.00
5.33
4.50
4.44
5.00
4.52
4.77
5.09
5.10
4.97
4.94
5.10
5.21
4.94
5.13
4.03
5.HI
4.10
3.91
4.22
4.46
4.58
4.62
4.59
4.49
4.08
4.21
4.2~~
4.75
4.93
4.89
5.08
4.52
4.16
4.23
4.33
4.28
3.95
5.88
4.43
3.93
4.0{;
2.90
8.39
4.02
3.93
4.04
3.80
8.94
4.44
4.49
4.55
3.03
4.84
3.65
5.03
3.55
4.56
5.18
4.95
8.95
3.98
3.19
3.24
3.02
8.42
3.47
3.2{;
8.72
3.41
3.26
3.18
8.76
3.80.
3.70
3.26
3.23
3.71
3.56
3.73
6.74
3.68
6.60
5.12
4.75
4.82
5.18
5.49
6.85
6.54
.7.40
5.62
4.01
4.75
3.48
4.11
3.83
3.58
2.95
3.20
3.20
8.04
3.17
4.23
2.88
4.35
3.91
5.11
3.75
2.97
2.79
3.12
3.55
3.26
2.69
2.58
2.44
3.66
2.94
5.73
3.10
5.65
6.67
5.18
7.12 10.33 11.83
9.30
6.52
5.23
5.50
4.61
4.16
3.94
4.10
4.15
8.65
3.47
3.39
3.81
3.84
4.28
4.57
4.83
4.63
5.83
4.82
5.56
5.47
5.35
5.91
6.32
6.15
5.58
5.25
4.94
4.56
4.24

~
~
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1-1

Z
t1
1-1
o

>

Senes App. 27.-COMMERCIAL PAPER RATES IN NEW YORK CITY: 1857 TO 1945-Con.

t~

( In percent )
ORIGINAL DA'rA

YEAR

Jan.

,....

Feb.

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED DATA

---

Mar.

1890 ______
1889 ______
1888 ______
1887 ______
1886 ___ ~ __

5.35
4.65
5.60
5.50
4.31

5.03
4.25.
4.85
4.81
8.90

5.50
4.50
5.22
5.35
3.87

1885 ______
1884 ______
1883 ______
1882 ______
188L _____

4.69
4.89
5.50
5.50
5.25

4.50
4.75
5.38
5.47
5.38

1880_ ~ ____
1879 ______
1878 ______
1877 ______
1876 ______

5.38
4.33
5.85
5.55
6.44

1875 ______
1874 ______
1873 ______
1872 ______
187L _____

Apr.

May

June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
--- --- ----- --- --- - - ---

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr,

May

--- --- --- ---

---

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

5.56
4.23
5.30
5.73
4.46

5.75
4.46
4.89
5.90
4.43

5.55
4.84
4.48
6.80
4.83

5.43
5.01
4.23
6.17
5.04

5.23
4.80
4.80
6.31
5.28

5.22
5.81
4.49
5.65
5.86

6.08
5.41
4.28
5.18
5.83

6.43
5.34
4.36
5.26

3.97
4.72
5.81
5.06
5.19

4.18
5.69
6.01
5.45
4.56

4.23
6.85
6.55
6.10
4.17

4.27
7.26
5.83
5.63
4.88

3.57
5.34
5.45
5.49
4.81

3.44
5.05
5.50
6.19
5.22

3.54
4.87
5.31
5.90
5.53

4.00
4.68
5.13
5.86
5.68

4.17
4.63
5.09
5.44
5.79

5.50.
5.06
5.12
4.44
5.44

5.50
5.45
5.36
4.38
5.45

5.83
4.99
5.09
4.49
5.87

5.42
5.06
4.54
4.83
6.17

5.41
4.76
4.39
5.05
4.59

4.88
5.40
3.70
5.48
4.04

4.82
5.30
4.24
5,85
4.61

4.53
5.26
4.82
6.42
4.85,

4.90
5.63
4.61
5,58
4.32

5.58
6.45
10.54
8.31
7.12

5.56
5.51
4.69
5.20
4.82

5.96
6.20
10.33
8.71
6.31

5.39
6.19
11.18
8.57
6.71

5.30
6.58
10.41
8.78
6.40

5.91
7.22
10.67
8.57
6.57

5.19
6.76
8.82
8.27
5.90

5.55
6.11
8.51
8.89
6.20

5.72
6.07
13.60
9.62
6.47

8.65
7.99
6.79
7.40
7.37

5.39
4.97'
12.9!J1
8.85
8.51'

7.94
8.27
6.99
7.13
7.35

5.07
4.46
10.28
8.67
7.37

5.42
4.92
7.26
8.40
8.15

7.58
9.49
7.75
7.34
7.47

7.12
9.78
7.92
7.32
6.83

7.42
9.08
7.70
7.25
6.58

7.09
12.53
7.43
8.02
6.04

7.69
12.35
7.83
7.12
6.40

8.07
10.74
7.44
6.70
6.07

7.04
10.62
6.55
7.12
5.25

6.2~~
8.8~r

7.8
7.8
6.8
5.5
7.0

6.3E;
7.85
5.0!)

8.00
7.30
5.30
5.29
6.72

5.75
9.48
7.94
7.51
5.87

8.59
6.57
5.76
5.73
7.09

9.18
5.71
5.41
. 6.56
6.35

7.17
8.34
6.76
7.15
6.20

8.67
6.84
5.41
6.49
6.60

7.83
7.50
5.65
5.21
8.44

7.28
7.39
5.87
4.89
7.07

7.93
7.07
6.09
5.98
5.98

7.94
7.94
5.46
4.64
6.70

12.9
6.75
4.62
8.00

7.10
9.00
5.60
4.95
6.24

6.72
3.88
6.30
7.40

7.10
8.60
5.3a
4.3'1
6.6ill

6.89
5.34
5.58
8.55

7.02
7.28
5.79
4.80
6.43

6.15
5.39
5.73
9.64

7.03
7.03
6.13
4.95
6.31

5.96
5.62
5.52
9.57

6.04
6.74
3.79
8.53

5.98
7.49
4.68
8.59

5.87
7.20
4.03
9.24

6.29
7.26
4.18
10.31

6"'1 6.60

11.33
6.32
4.79
11.73

11.62
6.08
4.16
7.21

5.11
4.29
5.40
5.38
4.25

5.06
8.85
4.82
5.21
4.06

5.00
3.88
4.25
5.18
3.85

5.05
4.40
4.08
6.19
3.94

5.59
5.16
4.36
6.85
5.19

5.75
5.28
5.28
6.94
5.81

5.90
6.00
5.07
6.38
6.06

6.75
6.00
. 4.75
5.75
5.92

4.47
4 .. 62
6.38
5.64
5.55

7.33
6.09
4.97
6.00
5.97

3.97
4.72
5.81
5.06
5.19

5.35
4.65
5.60
5.50
4.81

8.68
5.06
5.85
4.85
4.06

5.59
4.72
5.89
5.84
4.33

3.55
5.75
5.50
5.12
3.50

5.73
4.69
5.44
5.57
4.03

3.50
5.95
4.78
4.62
4.00

5.38
4.52
.5.68
5,66
4.47

3.68
5.50
5.61
5.65
4.95

3.75
5.50
6.00
6.75
5.69

4.00
5.50
6.00
6.67
6.25

5.31
3.81
5.31
4.50
5.33

4.44
5.19
5.69
6.50
6.30

5.50
5.06
5.12
4.44
5.39

4.50
5.00
5.50
5.88
6.25

5.50
5.45
5.86
4.38
5.50

4.55
4.75
5.84
5.34
5.10

5.19
4.44
4.53
4.00
5.05

4.59
4.85
5.49
5.58
5.49

4.55
4.25
3.81
4.06
4.75

4.47
4.62
6.38
5.64
5.55

4.44
3.90
3.60
4.14
3.81

5.03
5,56
3.81
5.64
3.60

5.25
5.78
4.62
6.38
4.75

5.25
7.44
9.28
8.30
7.22

5.12
5.94
5.45
7.25
5.67

5.19
6.00
9.38
7.56
6.62

5.44
6.25
5.12
6.19
5.44

5.90
6.14
10.12
8.62
6.25

6.00
5.95
5.06
5.62
5.88

5.44
6.25
11.40
8.66
6.78

5.22
4.20
5.68
5.89
6.19

5.42
3.89
5.42
4.59
5.73

4.56
5.66
8.12
7.20
5.50

1870 ______
1869 ______
1868 ______
1867 ______
1866 ______

4.55
5.56
6.83
6.00
5.06

4.31
5.61
6.44
6.45
4.90

4.94
5.44
7.06
7.56
5.52

5.89
6.25
14.28
10.00
6.66

9.00
8.31
7.06
7.40
7.37

6.31
5.81
16.50
10.80
10.03

7.38
7.69
6.50
7.06
7.28

6.39
5.62
14.50
11.62
9.28

7.50
9.40
7.67
7.19
7.32

6.61
6.00
9.80
10.83
9.94

7.19
9.88
8.00
7.17
6.69

5.05
7.15
8.75
7.90
6.94

6.38
7.81
(;..62
6.67
6.05

1865 ______
1864 ______
1863 ______
1862 ______
186L _____

5.46
9.65
5.72
7.38
5.56

6.38
10.25
6.50
6.55
5.89

7.18
9.56
6.62
6.50
5.89

7.25
10.94
6.75
7.12
5.25

7:28
10.38
7.44
8.40
5.45

8.0
7.8
5.3
6.3
8.0

7,25
11.94
10.00
8.56
6.69

8.5
6.5
5.7
.5.9
7.3

9.0
5.6
5.3
6.3
6.1

8.75
10.17
8.25
7.94
6.88

8.5
6.7
5.3
6.1
6.2

7<2
6.9
5.2
5.0
8.1

6.7
6.8
5.4
4.5
6.5

7.3
6.5
5.6
5.5
5.5

7.7
7.7
5.3
4.5
6.5

7.1
!).O
5.6
5.0
6.3

8.0
4.62
7.50
8.81

7.6
9.2
5.7
4.5
6.8

8.0
8.3
6.6
4.7
6.3

7.1
5.50
5.75
8.81

5.9
5.17
5.50
9.25

5.6
5.28
5.19
9.00

5.8
6.47
3.64
8.19

5.5
6.89
4 .. 31
7.90

5.4
6.62
3.71
8.50

6.1
7.04
4.05
10.00

7.0
6.54
4.44
18.00

6.8
6.75
4.40
24.00

11.1
6.19
4.69
11.50

1860 ______
1859 ______
1858 ______
1857 ______

6.48
4.40
17.82

6.65
4.27
23.30

5.~

is::

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t'
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~
~

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~

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~

rJ

Series App. 28.~CORPORATE BOND YIELDS: 1919 TO 1945


[ Percent yield. Original data 1
YEAR

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

2.65
2.74
2.77
2.85
2.78

2.62
2.74
2.76
2.86
2.80

2.61
2.74
2.76
2.83
2.82

2.62
2.73
2.74
2.85
2.81

2.61
2.73
2.72
2.85
2.77

2.60
2.72
2.69
2.83
2.74

2.61
2.71
2.69
2:81
2.74

2.62
2.72
2.69
2.80
2.75

2.62
2.62
2.72
2.72
2.70 . 2.71
2.80
2.79
2.73
2.72

2.61
2.70
2.74
2.81
2.80

May
June
July
- - - --- --- ----- ---

Aug.

Sept.
Oct.
--- -----

Nov.

Dec.

1946 ______
1944 ______
1948 ______
1942 ______
194L _____

2.69
2.72
2.79
2.83
2.75

1940 ______
1939 ______
1988 ______
1981- _____
1986 ______

2.88
3.01
3.17
8.10
3.37

2.86
3.00
3.20
3.22
3.32

2.84
2.99
3.22
8.82
3.29

2.82
3.02
3.30
8.42
3.29

2.93
2.97
3.22
8.38
3.27

1985 ______
1934 ______
1983 ______
1982 ______

2.96
2.92
3.26
3.28
3.24

2.88
2.89
8.22
3.25
3.28

2.85
2.93
3.18
3.24
3.21

2.82
3.25
3.21
3.28
3.18

2.79
3.15
3.15
3.27
3.18

8.77
4.85
4.44

8.69
4.20.

2.75
3.00
3.10
3.24
8.15

2.71
2.94
8.08
3.21
3.10

3.67

8.66
4.07.
4.78
6.17

3.65
4.01
4..63
5.36

3.61

3.56

8.60

3.59

8.52
3.90.
4.84
4.64

8.47
3.86
4..54
4.63

3.44
3.81
4.50
4.69

5.20.

4.48
5.28

4.18
4.68
4..98

8.93
4.46

5.41

8.89

(.86
6.26

8.98

4.80
4.91

8.96

4.86
4.'70

YEAR

1931 _______

Jan.

Feb.

Mar. Apr.
- --- -

May

June

July

Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.


- -- --- ----- -- -

4.42

4.43

4.89

4.40

4.37

4.36

4.36

1930 _______
1929 _______
1928 _______
1927 _______
1926 _______

4.40

4.55

~b.99

4.66
4.62
4,.46
4.66
4.82

4.94

4.69
4.66
4.46
4.67
4.77

5.32

4.62
4.70
4.46
4.62
4.79

4.60
4.69
4.46
4.58
4.74

4.60
4.70
4.49
4.57
4.71

4.57
4.77
4.57
4.58
4.72

1925 _______
1924 _______
1923 _______
1922 _______
192L __ , ___

4.52
4.77
4.61
4.60
4.71

4.47
4.79
4.64
4.56
4.72

4.42
4.80
4.61
4.54
4.72

4b.42
<1.77
4.61
4.51
4.71

4.47
4.76
4.58
4.49
4.68

4.95
5.09
5.04
5.34
6.14

4.52
4.67
4.61
4.46
4.68

4.96
5.09
5.07
5.29
6.08

4.91
5.10
5.18
5.23
6.08

4.87
5.08
5.22
5.15
6.06

4.83
5.04
5.16
5.13
6.11

4.83
4.99
5.15
5.08

6.18

4.90
4.95
5.08
4.96

5.99

4.87
4.95
5.12
4.93

'1.85
4.92
5.11
4.97

4.84
4.94
5.09
5.09

5.84

4.85
4.95
5.09
5.08

1920 _______
1919 _______ 5.75
5.86

4.87
4.95
5.14
5.00
6.12

5.86
5.35

5.60

5.50

5.92
5.39

6.0.4
5.44

6.25
5.39

6.38
5.40

6.34
5.44

6,80
5.56

6.05
1).64

6.08
1>.66

6.26
5.73

5.93
6.22
5.60

'1:

;:

Series App. 29.-RAILROAD BOND YIELDS: 1857 TO 1936


OJ

*"'
.
00

I~I~

I May

3.312
3.488
3.996
4.173
4.793
4.083

I~I

July

3.360
5.523
4.084
4.174
4.735
4.078

3.251
3.409
3.926
4.337
4.691
4.095

3.245
8.411
3.865
4.515
4.837
4.081

3.215
8.438
3.812
4.357
4.848
4.002

1930 ______
1929 ______
1928 ______
1927 ______
1926 ______

3.200
3.417
3.728
4.205
4.898
4.016

3.220
3.397
3.721
4.128
4.798
4.009

4386
4.393
4.049
4.251
4.395

4.375
4.434
4.073
4.253
4.364

4.300
4.464
4.082
4.217
4.372

4.352
4.460
4.104
4.168
4.318

4.319
4.477
4.151
4.165
4.285

1925 ______
1924 ______
1923 ______
1922 ______
192L _____

4.287
4.520
4.249
4.200
4.288

4.478
4.586
4.431
4.506
4.974

4.466
4.606
4.467
4.513
4.997

4.452
4.613
4.595
4.475
5.057

4.440
4.584
4.625
4.393
5.091

4.390
4.538
4.555
4.372
5.109

1920 ______
1919 ______
1918 ______
1911- _____
1916 ______

4.907
4.527
4.661
3.923
4.032

5.073
4.570
4.612
3.988
4.019

5.073
4.625
4.676
4.026
4.032

5.265
4.669
4.732
4.121
4.047

1915 ______
1914 ______
1913 ______
1912 ______
191L _____

4.166
4.062
3.916
8.846
3.823

4.158
3.998
3.930
3.837
3.827

4.187
4.016
3.992
3.852
3.842

1910 ______
1909 ______
1908 ______
1907 ______
1906 ______

3.732
3.625
3.820
3.602
3.482

3.739
3.605
3.810
3.621
3.499

1905 _____
1904 _____ -1903 _____ _
1902 _____ _
190L ____ _
1900 _____ _
1899 _____ _
1898 _____ _
1897 _____ _
1896 _____ _

3.'449
3.537
3.362
3.198
3.152
3.197
3 :127
3.228
3.413
3.515

Mar.

Apr.

tl

[ Percent yield. Original data 1

1936_ ____ _
1935 ______
1934 ______
1933 ______
1932 ______
193L _____

YEAR

Aug. I Sept. I Oct.


-------_.3.240 3.211 3.200

M-

Nov.

Pee.

YEAR

1895 _______
1894 _______
1893 _______
1892 _______
189L ______

I Jan.
3
8 .520
3 .727
3 .726
.749
3.747

1890 _______
1889 _______
1888 _______
1887 _______
1886 _______

3.584
3.599
3.742
3.703
3.768

3.451
3.771
4.076
4.540
4.056

3.467
3.826
4.100
4.456
4.120

3.479
3.762
4.111
4.456
4.350

3.170
3.443
3.680
4.240
4.488
4.492 -

3.125
3.414
3.611
4.200
4.375
4.736

4.237
4.546
4.317
4.209
4.315

4.176
4.512
4.377
4.174
4.331

4.116
4.575
4.329
4.143
4.329

4.096
4.540
4.325
4.101
4.325

4.138
4.445
4.287
4.057
4.289

4.200
4.398
4.360
4.040
4.278

4.396
4.475
4.576
4.370
5.238

4.444
4.422
4.590
4.291
5.103

4.500
4.463
4.568
4.251
5.021

4.462
4.461
4.610
4.242
4.949

4.479
4.440
4.633
4.355
4.933

4.465
4.448
4.605
4.439
4.726

5.487
4.620
4.664
4.236
4.055

5.443
4.617
4.718
4.282
4.060

5.411
4.676
4.773
4.322
4.070

5.247
4.837
4.773
4.354
4.086

5:063
4.874
4.824
4.440
4.074

4.905
4.746
4.705
4.486
4.020

4.987
4.869
4.422
4.615
3.984

4;145
4.014
4.037
3.860
3.840

4.152
4.012
4.083
3.865
3.829

4.182
4.000
4.127
3.876
3.839

4.243
4.041
4.124
3.885
3.844

4.274

4.285

4.192

4.064

4.083
3.905
3.857

4.045
3.923
3.873

4.078
3.919
3.866

4.128
3.917
3.847

3.761
3.620
3.841
3.683
3.529

3.804
3.627
3.814
3.681
3.545

3.824
3.628
3.779
3.700
3.559

3.842
3.648
3.777
3.745
3.547

3.866
3.648
3.757
3.742
3.558

3.863
3.662
3.720
3.791
3.576

3.820
3.685
3.693
3.840
3.600

3.801
3.702
3.686
3.909
3.588

3.441
3.550
3.380
3.197
3.140

3.830
3.719
3.657
4.062
3.581

3.453
3.565
3.427
3.201
3.141

3.461
3.549
3.462
3.200
3.151

3.467
3.539
3.4.51
3.217
3.178

3.464
3.522
3.486
3.234
3.172

3.455
3.491
3.532
3.252
3.190

3.458
3.484
3.578
3.271
3.208

3.459
3.490
3.586
3.290
3.217

3.460
3.487
3.554
3.325
3.219

3.172
3.132
3.233
3.389
3.475

3.483
3.480
3.530
3.339
3.200

3.164
3.134
3.308
3.342
3.479 .

3.150
3.103
3.386
3.350
3.475

3.178
3.078
3.351
3.338
3.456

3.192
3.071
3.302
3.308
3.44Ei

3.192
3.089
3.262
3.279
3.521

3.194
3.107
3.238
3.296
3.687

3.199
3.138
3.254
3.304
3.622

(1)

(I)

(1)

3.202
3.170
3.229
3.305
3.587

I\'

(I)

3.183
3.190
3.197
3.289
3.499

New York Stock Exchange closed.

Feb.

Mar.

May June July Aug. Sept.


Nov.
- - - 3Apr.
-- -- - - - - - - -Oct.- 3 .551 3 .562 .566 3

Dec.

3 .467

3.648
3.727
3.734
3.800

3 .606
3 .731
3 .720
3 .816

.519
3 .607
3 .775
3 .701
3.849

3 .462
3 .611
3 .836
3 .689
3 .901

3 .435
3 .623
3 .962
3 .679
3 .899

3 .392
3 .602
4 .056
3 .687
3 .901

3 .396
3 .576
3 .930
3 .725
3 .883

3 .404
3 .542
3 .878
3 .724
3 .848

3 .418
3 .516
3 .791
3 .732
3 .823

3.588
3.555
3.716
3.710
3.703

3.607
3.565
3.732
3.725
3.690

3.611
3.557
3.731
3.729
3.700

3.613
3.516
3.712
3.715
3.697

3.632
3.476
3.690
3.718
3.667

3.645
3.496
3.644
3.735
3.638

3 .681
3.506
3.637
3.765
3.648

3.705
3.512
3.664
3.835
3.703

3.733
3.551
:t.671
3.859
3.703

3.784
3.583
3.655
3.821
3.702

3.8:3:2
3.597
3.64,3
3.803
3.72:6

4.042
4.087
4.234
4.236
4.224

4.033
4.063
4.216
4.192
4.209

4.017
4.140
4.213
4.170
4.099

3.967
4.239
4.211
4.174
4.036

3.939
4.252
4.210
4.159
4.038

3.931
4.187
4.243
4.190
4.071

3.918
4.195
4.249
4.208
4.147

3.880
4.190
4.240
4.200
4.189

3.853
4.196
4.210
4.221
4.168

3.8:3:3
4.Hi9
4.219
4.192

4.571
4.869
5.156
5.247
5.152

4.580
4.870
5.157
5.260
5.177

4.572
4.758
5.127
5.220
5.204

4.535
4.715
5.069
5.159
5.178

4.463
4.673
5.069
5.112
5.117

4.417
4.668
5.105
5.143
5.089

4.486
4.751
5.103
5.164
5.169

4.344
4.739
5.079
5.193
5.175

4.243
4.720
5.043
5.182
5.165

4.176
4.685
5.026
5.1409
5.Hi5

5.573
5.966
6.170
6.213
6.369

5.499
5.943
6.187
6.199
6.355

5.458
5.985
6.160
6.196
6.312

5.480
5.927
6.118
6.155
6.307

5.425
5.921
6.062
6.074
6.301

5.410
5.906
6.062
6.131
6.270

5.369
5.872
6.166
6.189
6.250

5.400
5.809
6.486
6.224
6.368

5.360
5.720
6.497
6.262
6.412

5.299
5.703
6.304
6.2H6
6.3fi9

6.371
6.494
6.216
6.317
6.607

6.403
6.518
6.245
6.364
6.558

6.350
6.428
6.199
6.380
6,434

6.304
6.418
6.176
6.375
6.400

6.297
6.483
6.169
6.259
6.311

6.368
6.471
6.183
6.245
6.259

6.394
6.545
6.245
6.257
6.222

6.412
6.639
6.308
6.330
6.197

6.431
6.676
6.380
6.390
6.160

6.4H8
6.717
6.4H7
6.4Jl5
6.21;9

t1
to

5.860
4.917
4.510
5.959
6.101

5.957
4.734
4.721
5.920
6.160

5.935
4.724
4.730
5.621
6.492

6.190
4.642
4.785
5.476
6.449

6.086
4.363
4.835
5.525
6.. 285

6.121
4.379
4.866
5.414
6.310

6.166
4.710
4.863
5.244
6.415

6.247
5.089
4.828
5.045
6.482

6.353
5.045
4.935
4.939
6.442

6.408
5.U'4
5.0H2
4.981
6.4.lQ

~
~
l:r:j

6.156
6.105
6.595
6.592

6.084
6.086
6.566
6.619

5.973
6.202
6.500
6.696

5.872
6.368
6.467
6.849

5.828
6.364
6.425
6.882

5.812
6.323
6.427
6.952

5.828
6.199
6.356
7.674

5.875
6.240
6.192
8.230

6.163
6.275
6.122
7.668

6.4,lQ
6.21;5
6.107
7.31)7

1885 _______
4.079
4.432 . 1884 _______ 4.113
4.163 4.120
4.484 1883 _______ 4.185 4.217
4.623 1882 _______ 4.187 4.214
4.429 188L ______ 4.137 .4.181
4.591
1880 _______ 4.643
4.585
5.149 1879 _______ 4.922 4.789
4.927 1878 _______ 5.152 5.149
4.440 1871- ______ 5.135 5.172
4.695 1876 _______ 5.243 5.188
3.985
1875 _______ 5.631
5.595
4.048 187L ______ 6.080 5.979
4.225 1873 _______ 6.190 6.166
4.138 1872 _______ 6.174 6.139
3.931 187L ______ 6.418 6.383
3.853
1870 _______ 6.651 6.451
3.829 1869 _______ 6.439 6.449
3.727 1868 _______ 6.312 6.239
3.643 1867 ______ _ 6.288 6.307
3.959 1866 ______ _ 6.491 6.534
3.594
1865 ______ _ 5.401
5.562
3.491 1864 ______ _ 5.107 5.076
3.473 1863 ______ _ 4.585 4.440
3.542 1862 ______ _ 6.136 5.902
3.364 186L _____ _ 6.210 6.153
3.205
1860 ______ _ 6.247
6.206
3.160 1859 ______ _ 6.111 6.101
3.226 1858 ______ _ 7.175 6~820
3.168 1857 ______ _ 6.621 6.577
3.247
3.456

3 .514
3 .7:3:4
3 .74,6
3 .789

Mar.

Apr.

May

June
-----1945 ______
5.88
1.56
3.88
0.98
2.21
1944 ______
3.20
1.71
3.11
1.46
3.52
2.70
1943 ______
1.85
5.52
4.16
7.28
3.52
2.55
1942 ______ 9.92
6.08
9.63 12.01
9.28
9.84
194L _____ 11.89 13.48
9.91
13.44 13.83 10.07
9.45
1940 ______ 15.3
13.5
11.7
16.2
13.1
13.7
1939 1 ___ -- 20.8
13.6
19.0
15.9
12.6
- - - - - - - - -18.6
1939 ______ 19.1
12.8
17.9
17.4
14.7
11.5
1938 ______ 21.4
21.0
40.3
21.1
19.1
1937 ______ 12.0
15.9
14.0
22.6
12.9
13.1
1936 ______ 21.4
12.8
22.5
20.0
20.8
20.5
1935 ______ 25.8
21.4
23.2
29.7
32.2
27.3
26.0
1934 2 _____
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 39.6

July

Aug.

----3.66

Sept.

3.56
3.60
8.55
13.42
16.2
15.0

1.17
1.05
2.90
6.78
11.13
13.0
12.6

1.66
4.06
1.49
5.47
9.39
11.4
10.5

14.1
14.8
12.8
14.3
24.6
34.6

11.3
16.4
15.0
10.0
19.3
29.3

9.4
14.3
9.8
12.9
28.2
24.9

Nov.

Dec.

3.11
3.82
3.78
7.18
7.33
12.7
17.5

1.27
3.01
.2.40
5.24
9.20
16.6
13.2

1.82
1.80
2.06
6.95
13.47
13.3
13.2

5.82
1.69
5.47
9.82
11.8
15.1
20.6

1.61
3.21
4.29
9.93
13.9
13.9
14.0

12.1
36.5
27.8
13.3
23.0
45.2

16.9
18.9
10.. 6
18.9
22 8

12.8
21.0
14.0
22.5
23.2

--- --.- --- --- - - - - - - - - - - - - ---

16.1
11.9
13.2
12.3
14.1
16.4
10.0
16.1
30.7
20.6
24.8
22.0
1 Revision beginning in 1939 due to more complete coverage of vohmtary discontinuances.
' Rtlvision
.Tune 1934 due to inclusion of certain corporate reorganization cases as provided in

bennin~

-------

3.26
1.23
6.12
10.09
11.3
9.8
16.0

0.86
3.09
3.09
8.14
12.1
14.2
16.3

37.3
20.9
18.5
27.5

15.8
19.2
11.7
18.9
29.3

-----.
16.6

------- ------- -------

IS::
Z

::r:
~
>
Z

1-4

tl

1-4

>
~
o

U1

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED DATA

Oct.

Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
- - - - - - - - - --- - - --- ---

ORIGINAL DATA

Feb.

I
c:,.:.

4.1~12

[In millions of dollars]


Jan.

'?

3 .681
3 .697
3 .726
3.750

Series App. 30.-LIABILITIES OF 'BUSINESS FAILURES: 1875 TO 1945


YEAR

>

'C

May

June

July

2.33
2.84
2.68
10.36
10.6
13.8
16.7

3.14
1.81
5.96
9.72
9.2
13.4
12.4

3.18
3.10
3.13
7.43
11.7
14.1
13.0

1.50
1.35
3.72
8.69
14.2
16.7
16.2

2.21
5.41
1.99
7.29
12.5
15.2
14.0

2.70
3.32
3.29
6.24
6.3
11.0
15.2

11.3
15.6
12.5
21.0
25.5
38.8

14.8
15.6
13.5
15.1
25.9
36.4

12.2
17.6
16.1
10.8
20.8
81.5

11.8
17.9
12.2
16.1
35.2
31.1

17.1
14.0
15.0
10.6
32.7
26.4

Sept.
Oct.
- - - - - - --- -Aug.
--------

14.6
18.9
13.0
20.3
27.0
-------

Section 77B of the National Bankruptcy Act.

Nov.

Dec.

3.24
2.58
5.63
9.9
17.8
14.2

1.ll0'
1.88
2.Jl5
7.24
14.]l
13.9
13.8

13.4
13.8
18.4
18.1
23.1
24.9

10.5
31.'/
24.2
11.6
20.0
39.3

---1.37

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --.

Series App. 30.-LIABILITIES OF BUSINESS FAILURES: 1875 TO 1945-Con.


[ In millions of dollars]

.
ORIGINAL DATA

YEAR

SEASONALLY

Jan.
1935 ______
1934 ______
1933 ______
1932 ______
.1931. _____

14.6
29.0
77.1
96.9
94.6

1930 ______
1929 ______
1928 ______
1927 ______
1926 ______

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

- - - --- --- --- - - - - - - --- - - - - - -

Dec.

14.4
14.4
21.2
53.6
60.7

15.7
17.0
21.9
64.2
73.2

12.9
25.7
68.2
85.8
64.4

15.2
16.8
63.7
84.9
53.7

14.3
22.2
41.5
86.9
58.6

15.0
20.8
45.0
91.9
54.1

14.2
20.6
43.1
83.0
54.5

12.6
20.2
31.1
75.4
56.2

17.4
17.5
24.2
91.8
74.4

68.6
34.1
37.7
43.7
37.2

Sept.

Oct.

14.3
16.9
40.1
82.8
60.2

21.2
19.5
20.9
70.1
60.6

18.3
18.1
29.0
56.3
82.2

16.2
16.2
23.8
60.2
62.6

13.7
14.8
19.0
55.8
59.0

48.5
39.5
34.4
50.1
34.5

55.9
38.3
61.3
41.3
29.6

60.1
43.7
43.0
41.5
38.0

65.5
36.4
39.3
40.7
37.3

57.0
53.6
40.2
35.7
32.4

67.5
54.4
32.4
40.6
36.2

46.5
43.2
36.3
48.4
43.8

40.1
42.8
41.5
46.5
49.8

39.2
58.1
36.1
42.4
45.2

38.9
43.4
36.3
46.7
46.8

33.1
40.6
89.1
38.9
59.7

35.5
30.8
49.8
39.9
53.0

29.0
36.0
41.0
46.1
69.4

11 .. 6
12.4
13.5
12.6
20.1

41.8
10.7
11.9
20.3
13.4

25.5
6.3
11.3
19.8
13.3

29.9
5.8
7.9
17.9
19.9

37.4
9.6
18.9
12.9
12.6

43.7
7.7
15.6
14.2
12.0

30.5
9.2
13.8
13.6
14.1

46.7
7.8
11.5
13.2
15.8

45.3
21.6
19.4
17.8
17.8

21.8
28.9
20.9
18.9
16.7

20.6
68.9
24.8
15.2
16.3

21.7
23.7
23.6
18.7
14.2

17.5
51.8
24.8
19.3
13.2

17.6
26.4
26.1
15.3
13.7

28.3
30.6
20.8
16.3
19.9

15.7
28.3
26.9
17.3
17.0

18.4
28.3
28.9
16.7
16.2

12.1
13.8
21.7
8.3
11.0

18.7
15.0
18.1
9.9
7.2

11.9
15.8
14.9
11.0
14.3

14.0
13.1
15.3
17.1
8.2

16.0
11.0
16.5
14.3
8.0

14.8
12.2
26.2
16.7
9.7

18.2
8.9
18.4
20.1
6.7

19.6
11.5
14.6
25.1
9.7

12.6
11.1
14.3
20.0
13.6

15.6
13.5
13.1
33.6
11.1

8.7
14.8
10.2
10.6
10.6

10.1
13.3
10.1
7.8
8.8

7.2
14.1
12.7
8.0
6.0

9.8
9.8
12.3
9.1
8.0

9.2
9.9
9.7
11.9
12.2

7.1
10.9
20.7
8.5
8.6

6.7
11.8
12.2
9.1
10.7

8.5
14.5
8.1
11.2
9.3

6.2
10.4
18.2
10.8
10.6

10.1
8.9
17.1
9.7
9.5

10.0
10.4
14.6
9.2
9.8

8.3
6.1
8.3
14.5
17.1

9.3
9.7
10.2
14.7
14.1

12.3
8.1
10.1
12.4
17.5

10.5
6.5
10.6
19.8
14.0

23.8
4.6
13.5
13.8
15.0

9.5
4.6
12.2
12.9
13.7

12.1
6.6
13.6
9.6
20.9

8.2
8.1
8.5
11.4
38.9

11.2
9.3
11.9
13.1
39.7

9.0
5.8
14.4
9.8
15.2

12.8
9.5
9.6
13.8
15.1

11.8
10.8
9.8
9.8
16.9

12'.0
25.4 .

12.9
15.9

15.9
13.3

12.4
14.9

12.4
12.1

17.2
12.5

14.1
13.9

15.0
15.7

14.7
10.4

15.7
10.9

14.5
12.1

15.2
14.1

15.4
24.0
44.8
93.8
60.4

16.5
22.9
49.5
101.1
50.9

14.3
20.8
43.5
83.8
53.4

12.9
39.6
31.7
76.9
51.7

16.5
16.6
23.0
87.2
61.0

13.3
15.7
37.3
77.0
53.0

17.0
15.6
16.7
56.1
47.3

17.2
17.0
27.3
52.9
70.7

61.2
53.9
47.6
51.3
43.7

51.3
34.0
45.1
46.9
34.2

56.8
36.4
54.8
59.9
30.6

49.1
35.3
38.0
53.2
38.5

55.5
41.2
36.1
37.8
33.5

63.1
31.4
29.8
34.5
29.4

49.2
33.7
58.2
39.2
28.1

46.9
34.1
3<\'.0
32.8
30.0

56.3
31.3
35.0
36.2
33.2

55.3
52.0
40.6
36.1
32.7

54.4
51.3
49.2
73.8
52.1

83.7
67.5
40.8
51.1
45.6

40.1
35.9
40.6
72.6
60.9

41.6
36.7
39.3
42.4
36.1

34.0
97.7
48.4
71.6
67.4

46.2
30.6
44.2
46.0
33.5

37.2
48.9
51.5
73.1
38.6

55.1
35.3
43.5
47.5
24.3

52.2
37.6

1925 ______
1924 ______
1923 ______
1922 ______
1921. _____

39.8
32.4
29.6
43.1
29.7

37.0
36.6
41.0
44.4
57.1

51.2
37.0

36.7
34.1
28.7
38.2
34.6

56.6
42.0
38.8
40.6
36.0

1920 ______
1919 ______
1918 ______
1917 ______
1916 ______

34.5
36.8
35.7
40.0
42.8

37.2
55.2
34.3
40.3
42.9

30.7
34.3
28.7
36.9
37.0

29.5
36.1
79.3
34.6
53.1

35.9
31.1
50.3
40.3
53.5

7.2
10.7
19.3
18.3
25.9

36.5
45.3
51.6
58.1
87.5

9.8
11.5
12.8
16.6
18.7

45.0
42.4
40.7
61.0
.43.1

12.7
13.6
17.7
17.4
16.9

39.3
35.2
39.8
71.2
59.7

13.2
11.5
14.3
12.6
18.4

27.0
77.5
38.4
56.8
53.5

10.8
12.0
13.1
11.8
19.5

35.8
47.0
49.5
70.3
37.1

1915 ______
1914. _____
1913 ______
1912 ______
1911. _____

33.0
9.5
10.6
18.1
11.9

39.8
39.4
44.1
47.7
61.4

21.9
5.5
9.8
17.2
11.6

28.4
5.9
8.0
18.1
20.1

29.6
8.8
17.4
11.9
11.6

38.9
6.9
14.0
.12.8
10.8

30.8
9.2
13.8
13.6
14.1

49.6
39.4
23.0
19.8
24.1

58.9
8.3
12.2
14.0
16.7

32.4
22.4
28.1
21.5
17.1

6.0
8.1
14.6
13.9
19.6

23.7
21.5
25.7
21.8
18.5

9.6
11.6
12.9
16.8
18.9

43.5
20.5
18.4
16.9
16.9

10.1
12.4
16.1
15.8
15.4

21.1
23.4
16.9
15.3
13.5

12.7
12.0
14.9
13.1
19.2

1910 ______
1909_~ ____
1908 ______
1907 ______
1906 ______

18.3
57.9
20.8
12.8
13.7

18.9
20.4
20.3
16.1
12.2

17.7
43.5
20.8
16.2
11.1

16.2
23.0
22.7
13.3
11.9

25.5
15.7
29.7
25.5
20.2 . 24.2
15.8
15.6
19.3
15.3

32.0
14.0
27.1
13.6
12.0

19.6
30.9
31.5
18.2
17.7

27.4
16.7
27.1
10.3
10.9

37.6
27.2
15.9
13.7
16.6

32.7
17.2
21.6
16.5
13.2

13.6
13.7
21.5
8.2
10.9

21. 5
19.2
22.9
19.5
16.5

17.8
16.8
20.3
11.1
8.1

9.6
14.4
13.6
10.0
13.0

1905 ______
1904 ______
1903 ______
1902 ______
1901. _____

11.8
12.6
14.7
16.4
7.9

13.8
9.5
14.2
12.3
6.9

12.4
11.1
23.8
15.2
8.8

15.9
8.4
17.3
18.9
6.3

19.0
12.5
15.9
27.4
10.6

11.3
9.8
12.6
17.6
12.0

10.4
18.5
13.0
14.3
11.2

17.0
14.6
14.1
36.3
12.0

22.1
12.3
23.8
11.9
10.5

9.8
15.8
10.9
11.3
11.3

21.1
14'S
24.0
9.1
9.6

10.0
13.8
10.5
8.1
9.2

8.1
13.1
11.8
7.4
5.6

8.9
9.8
12.3
9.1
8.0

8.8
8.5
8.3
10.2
10.5

1900 ______
1899 ______
1898 ______
1897 ______
1896 ______

6.1
8.8
16.8
6.9
7.0

6.1
10.5
10.9
8.1
9.5

8.0
12.9
7.2
10.0
8.3

6.8
10.5
18.4
10.9
10.7

8.9
8.5
16.4
9.3
9.1

10.8
13.5
19.0
11.9
12.8

10.3
7.7
10.5
18.4
21.7

9.1
14.9
10.5
11.5
9.0

9.9
9.0
9.5
13.7
13.1

12.8
10.4
13.0
16.0
22.6

9.8
5.8
9.4
17.6
12.5

23.8
3.8
11.1
11.3
12.3

1895 ______
1894 ______

8.2
5.3
14.0
14.8
15.7

9.8
4.9
10.1
7.1
15.5

7.3
5.8
6.1
8.2
28.0

10.0
7.0
8.9
10.3
29.8

9.1
5.7
14.1
9.6
14.9

12.3
8.0
8.1
11.6
12.7

15.3
17.5
15.9
15.9
27.4

15.3
32.3

12.0
14.8

20.5
17.1

11.0
13.3

10.2
9.9

19.8
14.:4

10.4
10.3

10.8
11.3

11.0
7.8

15.4
10.7

12.2
10.2

24.7
22.9

36~5

SEASONALLY

64.1
37.6
29.4
43.8
1884

C>:I
tP-~

First. _____
Second ____
Third _____
Fourth ____

Nov.
Dec.
- - - ---------

ttl

UJ.

t.:I:j
UJ.
UJ.

r:2

1-4

8l;d
t.:I:j
UJ.

ORIGINAL DATA

1894

First ______
Second ____
Third _____
Fourth ____

DATA

Feb.
Apr.
May
July
Aug.
- - - - - - -Jan.
- - - - - -Mar.
- - - - - - - - -June
--------

15.2
16.8
63.7
84.9
59.6

QUARTER

AD~STED

Nov.

40.2
84.2
56.6
45.3

1893
47.3
121.5
82.5
95.4
1883
38.4
27.8
52.1
54.S

1892
39.3
23.0
18.7
33.1
1882
33.3
17.2
18.9
32.0

1891
42.2
50.2
44.3
53.1
1881
24.4
16.5
10.1
30.. 1

1890
37.9
27.5
35.5
89.1
1880
12.8
20.1
12.1
20.7

1889
43.0
22.9
39.2
43.7
1879
43.1
22.7
15.3
17.1

1888

1887

38.9
29.2
22.1
33.6

32.2
23.0
73.0
39.4

1886

1885

29.7
20.8
27.2
37.0

46.1
28.6
23.9
25.6

---------

--------1878
1877
1876
- - - - - - --82.1
48.8
66.4
37.2

54.5
45.1
42.3
48.7

64.6
43.8
47.9
34.8

1875
48.2
33.7
54.3
70.9

1894
54.8
47.6
32.3
38.8
1884
36.2
99.1
55.5
44.4

1893

1892

1891

AD~STED

1890

DATA

1889

40.4
153.8
90.7
84.4

33.6
29.1
20.5
29.3

36.1
63.5
48.7
47.0

32.4
34.8
39.0
78.8

36.8
29.0
43.1
38.7

1883

1882

1881

1880

1879

34.6
32.7
51.1
53.5

80.0
20.2
18.5
31.4

22.0
19.4
9.9
29.5

11.5
28.6
11.9
20.3

88.8
26.7
15.0
16.8

1888

1887

33.2
37.0
24.3
29.7

27.5
29.1
80.2
34.9

1885
- - - - - - -1886
- - --25.4
26.3
29.9
32.7

89.4
36.2
26.3
22.7

-1878
----------1877
1875
- - - --- - 1876
----74.0
57.4
65.1
36.5

49.1
53.1
41.5
47.7

.58.2
51.5
47.0
34.1

tJ

C"I-

38.9

39.6
53.2
69.5

'Q

'?
c:.:

Appendix II. Statement of Basic Premises


marine statistics separately for each coast and for inland
As an initial step leading to the compilation of this volume, a
waters.
working outline and a statement of basic premises were prepared
2. Where data in the subject field cannot (by definition)
to place the various parts of the task in appropriate perspective,
be summarized effectively for continental United States,
and to serve as operating guides. These documents were sent to
such as internal migration data.
3. Where summary data for a given subarea or market
each agency or individual consultant requested to review, suggest,
are indicative of general trend or level, such as prices on the
or provide statistical or text materials for inclusion in the edition.
New York Stock Exchange or cattle prices at Chicago.
This procedure was designed to insure maximum uniformity in
4. Where data for a given area effectively represent the
treatment, section to section, and to provide both the editorial
national picture because of concentration of production,
etc., as Pennsylvania anthracite.
staff in the Bureau of the Census and each contributing or review5. Where the only available data include figures for one
ing agency or person with the basic framework within which all
or more of the territories and possessions, or the data are
contributions should fit, in order that the work of many hands
more meaningful with such inclusion, such as statistics on
result in a fairly balanced product.
certain mineral products and fisheries.
6. Where data are available for only a given area as in
The original working outline of subject material was necessarily
the case of many series concerned with early American hisaltered considerably in the process of review and compilation. The
tory which are limited to the Atlantic seaboard.
statement of basic premises for data selection was not altered. to
. any material extent, but deviations from the. standards set forth,
Time coverage-General. Normally present only those series
or implied in it, became necessary. The original statement of basic which conform to all three of the following requirements: Annual
premises is reproduced here without significant change. It may or census-period data; cover at least 20 years; begin not later than
be considered as representing the standards proposed for the forth- 1920.
coming revision of the volume; comments and criticisms of it by
Variations from the general premises as to time coverage should
users of the present edition will be appreciated.
be considered primarily in the case of newly-developed series of
basic importance, particularly when presented in conjunction
with traditional series in the same field, such as "Man-days idle"
Basic Premises for Data Selection
in work stoppages.
A. GENERAL
Note: A special appendix will be included which will show turnThis statement is designed to provide specific information as ing points of business cycles and will contain a few illustrati'v
to the considerations involved in the selection and review of time- series of basic significance presented on a monthly or quarterly
series data included in the preliminary edition of Historical Std- basis. The existence of this appendix, however, should not be
tistics of the United States. This volume is being prepared by the counted upon to round out a subject or time-period presentation
Bureau' of the Census with the advice and assistance of the Social in the main part of the volume.
Science Research Council. Summary social, economic, and politiTime coverage-Lapsed series. The general requirements as to
cal statistics, carried back in time, will be presented, accompanied time coverage are specifically designed to permit inclusion of
by descriptive and qualifying notes.
"lapsed" series; that is, series of statistics which both begin and
terminate in past time, particularly those covering periods during
Purpose of volume. The purpose of the volume is two-fold:
the nineteenth century.
1. To provide a convenient source of reference for technicians who need information outside their immediate field
These series are of paramount importance ill interpreting the
of specialization, teachers and students of the social sciences
past. In general, they have lapsed either because the phenomena
and related subjects, librarians, and others who may wish
measured no longer exist (slave population, 1790 to 1860); or beto make direct use of the materials presented.
cause
more precise means of measurement have superseded them
2. To provide more intensive students with a summary
(thus early and modern series of statistics on manufactures are
guide ,to the more important time-series data available (for
various periods of time) and the principal qualifications as
not strictly comparable).
to interrelationship of such series. Also, it should provide
Failure to include series of these types would leave unreprespecific indications of the sources which may be referred to
sented
major fields of interest during various phases of American
for additional data and for more detailed discussion.
historical development. Furthermore, such data are not only
Selection problem. The selection problem is crucial since the scarce; they frequently are located in out-of-print books and docuvolume is to comprise only about 3,000 series of statistics out of ments, governmental and private, available in few libraries.
the scores of thousands of series available which have a duration
In order to insure more fully the inclusion of "lapsed" series,
of 20 years or more. About one page of descriptive text will be the following two paragraphs should be noted particularly:
shown for each page of statistics although this ratio may vary
1. Review in terms of broad periods. Since the comparconsiderably from chapter to chapter.
ative wealth cif data available for the recent period may
tend to distract attention from the need for data for earlier
B. OPERATING PREMISES
times, it is suggested that the consultant, at some point,
review the presentation in terms of several broad historical
In order that all consultants may review the materials with a
periods appropriate to the given field. Thus, one arbitrary
common frame of reference, certain operating premises have been
division of time might be 1790-1860; 1860-1900; 1900-1945.
established. These premises comprise broad statements as to covEach such period should be represented, as far as possible, in
erage in terms of area, time, subject detail, and the presentation
the selection of data. This type of review will help to insure a cross-section of available data for major past segof absolute as compared with derived data.
ments of time.
Area coverage. Confine presentation to data for continental
2. Problem of comparability with modern data. ObviousUnited States as a whole. wherever reasonable. Variations may
ly, few historical series, or fragments, of the "lapsed" type
be warrantedare strictly comparable with modern series in the same
field; nor are the basic definitions or collection methods
1. Where regional statistics are essential for correct inon a comparable technical level. However, identical standterpretation of data, such as presentation of merchant350

BASIC PREMISES

ards of technical adequacy should not be applied when considering series representing different broad periods of history.
An important feature of the descriptive text should be the
provision of appropriate warnings as to the reliability and
general limitations of the data presented.
'
Subject detail. Confine presentation to series that are regarded
as of major importance in each field; limitations on space make
this essential. The criteria of selection must vary broadly depending upon the subject; Within each subfield, the amount of subject
detail should be held to a minimum. Broad considerations are as
follows:
1. Show summary data or measures, primarily.
2. Any subseries should be of major significance in itself since it must compete for space with major series in the
same and other fields.
3. Avoid detailed cross-classification of data. Where
subclassifications are shown, they should not ordinarily be
crossed with one another, because of space limitations.
}resentation of absolute rather than derived data. Concentrate
largely on absolute figures rather than on derived data since the
absolute figures offer somewhat greater flexibility to the user of
the volume. The major exception should be the presentation of
index numbers in general use. Several general points are:
1. Avoid presenting percentage distributions of absolute data already shown. Other percentage data, and averages, medians, ratios, and rates should be introduced only
(a)"where they result in a significant economy in space; or
(b) where, in the case of a series of major importance, the
derived measure greatly facilitates interpretation.
2. Differences in base periods employed for various
series, or segments of the same series, should not, in themselves, militate against presentation of index numbers.
In general, no attempt will be made to convert various

series of index numbers to a common base year or period.


This decision is based on a number of factors, of which two
may be mentioned: (a) Treatment in Historical Statistics of
the United States similar to that in the original source is
important since the user may wish to refer to an original
source for additional detail; and (b) use of any simple conversion factor would result, in som~ cases, in conversions
of doubtful usefulness.
'
3. Adjusted" data should be included if deemed more
useful than unadjusted data. However, adjusted series
should be accompanied, where possible, by a notation as to
adjustment method, as well as a footnote stating that the
adjustment has been made. By an "adjusted series" is
meant one which incorporates modifications designed to
improve the original data, or to make it more useful.
C. FLEXIBILITY OF SELECTION PREMISES

Dangers to be avoided. In applying the basic premises outlined above, two dangers should be avoided;
1. Excessive rigidity. Rigid adherence to the premises
will have a straight-jacket effect. Differences inherent in
subject material, the needs of the users, availability of
data, and recency of subject-development, should all be
taken into account and the premises applied accordingly.
2. Excessive flexibility. Casual disregard of these premises will mean, at best, uneveness in development within
and between subject fields; at worst, it may result in presentation of a miscellany of data.
General rule in applying premises. In general, the relaxing of
one broad premise should be accompanied by a tightening of the
others. Example: If data are to be shown by geographic region
(rather than merely for continental United States as a whole),
the subject coverage should be limited and only those series presented which have a long duration in time.

351

Time-Period and Alphabetical


Subject Indexes

353

~c

r1qqe

Fe?, (eJ}

bfp 1/c, cit)

Before 1890

INDEX

TIl\1:E .. PERIOD INDEX


[Entries' are series numbers. Each statistical series has been allocated to the period of time for which the earliest figure in the series appears. For most series, an entry
for a given time period means that the figures are presented for that and all later time periods. Series numbers in italics (A 234) are those for which the entire
presentation is confined to decennial data; most of the remaining series present annual statistics 1
TIME PERIOD FOR WHICH EARLIEST FIGURE APPEARS FOR INDICATED SERIES
CHAPTER

Before 1800
(197 series)
A 1, A 154-164

B. Population characteristics and migration

B 2, B 12, B 13, B 1618, B 21-f8, B 25,


" B 26-90, B 31, B 41
43, B 48-50, B 52- - B
53, B 60-62, B 6465, B 76, B 126,
B 129, B 145-146,
B 151-159,
B 171-173

D. Labor force, wages, and


working conditions

1840-1859
(199 series)

.................... . A 2, A 100

A. Wealth and income

C. Vital statistics, health,


C 14-21, C 118
and nutrition

1820-1839
(181 series)

1800-1819
(66 series)

24, B 54~56, B 5859, B 75, B 77,


B 127-128, B 180139, B 149-150

1860-1879
(327 series)

.....................

B 14-15, B 72-74,
B 19-20, B 66-68,
B 78-80, B 96-110,
B 70-71, B 81-95,
B 134-138, B 140B 111-125, B 182143, B 147-148,
190, B 198-194,
B 304-311, B 818B 279-285, B 287317, B 819, B 321291, B 298, B 296826, B 380, B 381300, B 303

386

....................

C 22, C 82

.................... ................... .

C 23, C 79, C 83-84,


C 148-149

D 1-7, D 47-48, D 51 ':" D 49-50, D 53-60

52, D 61

1880-1889

(185 series)

8 A 3-26, A 80--41, A 42,


A 145-153, A 165-16 , A 44, A 46-50, A 52,
A 169-175, A 198A 54, A 63, A 69,
207
A 73-74
B 23, B 40, B 44-46,
B 51, B 57, B 63,
B 69, B 191-192,
B 195-204, B 205214, B 286, B 292,
B 301-302, B 312,
B 318, B 320,

B 1, B 5-6

C 53-55, C 62-64,
C 77-78, C 152

C 80-81

.D 90-106,

D 215, D 224-225,
D 230-238, D 235238

B 327-329

D 107-110,
D 172.,..176

E 64-68, E 117-126,
E 153, E 155, E 157,
E 160-161, E 165,
E 181, E 184, E 186, E 19-24, E 154,
E 189, E 196, E 199- E 204, E 231,
E 234, E 236
200, E 203, E 212,
E 214, E 216-217,
E 220, E 222, E 225,
E 227-228, E 230

E. Agriculture

E 218

. ....................

E 166, E 182, E 187,


E 197, E 201

E 1-3, E 4, E 105,
E 111-114, E 152,
E 156, E 158-159,
E 162-163, E 205,
E 226, E 229

F. Land, forestry, and


fisheries

F 1-7, F 109-111

F 19, F 164

F 20, F 22-24

F 21,F 25-29, F 31,


F33

F 10-11, F 14, F 16,


F 162

F 9, F 15~ F 30, F 32,


F 34-36, F 160,
F 165, F 166-167,
F 169-176, F 178181, F 186

G 13, G 16, G 96
G 114

G 120, G 163-166

G 93, G 145, G 148149, G 151-152,


G 57-58, G 102-103,
G 112, G 119, G 121 G 159, G 161,
G 167-168

G 1-5, G 48, G 46,


G 49-54, G 65-70,
G 74, G 76, G 7786, G 89-90, G 104,
G 106-107, G 113,
G 115-117, G 128,
G 125-128, G 153,
G 170

H22

....................

H 74-76

H 36-37, H 49-50,
H 77-79

J 1, J 4, J 7-10,
J 179-180

J 14, J 97-111, J 113115, J 117-123,


J 127, J 154-161,
J 126, J 128-132,
J 163, J 170-171,
J 134-139, J 141,
J 174
J 143-148, J 165169, J 172-173

G. Minerals and power

G 118

H. Construction and housH 27-28, H 30, H 32


ing

J.

Manufactures

..................... .................... ....................

.....................

K. Transpartation

K 95, K 97, K 101-104,


K 119-120, K 122,
K 146-148, K 158161, K 163-166,
K 172, K 174

K 96, K 105-107,
K 110, K 112-115,
K 2-9, K 13, K 22,
K 18-21, K 23-24,
K 1, K 108, K 116,
K 10-12, K 14-17,
K 118, K 121,
K 124c, K 127-128,
K 25-27, K 94,
K 124-124b, K 125- ' K 152-154, K 170K 149-151, K 155K 98, K 123, K 162, K 99-100
171, K 173
126, K 129-131,
157, K 168-169
K 167
K 176

L. Price indexes

L 1-11, L 13-14

L 15

L 36-37

M. Balance of payments
and foreign trade

M 51-55

....................

M I, M 9, M 14-16,
M 42-50, M 56-67,
M 18-20, M 22-27, M 2-5, M 10, M 13,
M 68-74, M 75-78,
M 32-38, M 41,
M 28, M 103-112
M 80, M 82-86,
M 79, M 81
M 87-102

N. Banking and :finance

N 1-2, N 4-11, N 16,


N 13-15,N 17,N 179- N 18, N 148-149,
N 3, N 12, N 19-26,
182, N 184
N 107-108, N 183
N 151

N 87, N 201-202

N 27-34, N 35-42,
N 43-46, N 60,
N 65-67, N 135-137,
N 152-155, N 157- N 61-64, N 86, N 88
158, N 161, N 163165, N 206-210,
N 215-219

P. Government

P 1-16, P 27-30, P 3234, P 36, P 40-41,


P 43-49, P 50-51,
P 53-54, P 56, P 57- P
17-19, P 35 P 62
61, P 89-90, P 9298, P 99-105, P 107,
P 132, P 165-168,
P 176

P 37, P 106, P 133134, P 136-137,


P 169, P 178, P 181

P 38-39,
115, P
131, P
P 182,

Appendix I. Monthly and


quarterly indicators of
business conditions

..................... ................... ....................

App. 14, App. 24,


App. 26, App. 27,
App.29

App. 10, App. 12,


App.15, App.18-19, A pp.4
App. 25, App. 30

354

P 20-26, P 31, P 42,


P 52, P 55, P 177,
P 179-180

L 12, L 26, L 28-35,


L 88

L 27, L 52

....................
.,

........ , .........

P 91, P 109120, P 130- P 65-68, P 116, P 140HI, P 183...,.184


135, P 175,
P 185

INDEX

1890 to 1945

TIME-PERIOD INDEX-Con.
[Entries are series numbers. Each statistical series has been allocated to the period of time for which the earliest figure in the series appears. For most series, an entry
for a given time period means that the figures are presented for that and all later time periods. Series numbers in italics (A 234) are those for which the entire
presentation is confined to decennial data; most of the remaining series present annual statistics 1

TIME PERIOD FOR WHICH EARLIEST FIGURE APPEARS FOR INDICATED SERIES
CHAPTER

1890-1899
(331 series)

1910-1919
(551 series)

1900-1909
(392 series)

1920-1929
(454 series)

1930-1945
(90 series)

. ...................

A. Wealth and incqme

A 27-29, A 51, A 53, A 66

A 43, A 45, A 55-57, A 59,


A 61-62, A 64-65, A 67-68,
A 70-71

A 58, A 176-194, A 195197

A 60, A 72, A 75-99, A 101116, A 117-133, A 134-144

B. Population character-

B 160-164, B 174-181,
B 215-230, B 251,
B 258-264

B 3-4, B 7-8, B 10-11, B 3239, B 252-253, B 337-339,


B 350-352

B 9, B 47, B 165, B 168,


B 231, B 294-295

B 166-16f, B 169-170, B 232235, B 237-250, B 254-2.5 7, B 236


B 265-278, B 340-349

Istics and migration

C I, C 4-5, C 6-13, C 45-52,


C 56-61, C 65-76, C 92-93, C 2-3, C 24-37, C 39-44,
C 102, C 120-127, C 135-144,
C 85-90, C 119, C 132
C 150-151, C 153, C 155

C. Vital statistics, health, C 128-131, C 133-134,


C 147
and nutrition

C 38, C 91, C 94-101, C 103,


G 104-117, C 145-146,
C 154

D. Labor force. wages, and


working conditions

D 8-10, D 32-46, D 111 - D 62-74, D 76, D 117-119,


116, D 121-133, D 134D 139-140, D 145-147,
138, D 141-144, D 218D 152-157, D 160-163,
220, D 223, D 226
D 213, D 217

D 77-89, D 120, D 148-151,


D 158-159, D 164-171,
D 177-188, D 189-200, D 227-229, D 234
D 201-212. D 214, D 216

E. Agriculture

E 31-35, E 37-41, E 43-52,


E 54-59, E 61-63, E 69, E 72
E 75, E 78, E 115-116, E 127: E 5, E 17~Us, E 70-71,
E 6-16, E 36, E 42, E 53.
E 73, E 80, E -82-86,
E 130-132, E 137-138, E 140E 25-30, E 76-77, E 136,
E 60, E 74, E 79, E 81,
E 88-104, E 106, E 108
141, E 143-145, E 148-149,
E 139, E 142, E 146E 107, E 135, E 185,
E
128-129,
E
133110,
E 151, E 167-168, E 170,
E
147, E 150, E 238,
190-194, E 208-210,
134, E 169, E 177, E 224
E 171-176, E 183, E 188,
E 256-257
E
239, E 260-264, E 267E
237,
E
244-255,
E 198, E 202, E 206-207,
269
E 258'-259
E 211, E 213, E 215, E 219,
E 221, E 223, E 233, E 235,
E 240-243

F. Land, forestry, and


fisheries

F $6, F 58, F 60...61,


F 8, F 69-70, F 74-75, F 88-91, F 17-18, F 57, F 71-73,
F 92-93, F 96, F 105,
F 132-138, F 140-141,
F 97-102, F 103-104, F 112F 107, F 139, F 142,
F 161, F 177, F 182122, F 123-124, F 126...131,
185, F 187-188,
F 151-153, F 197-198,
F 143-144, F 163
F 216-217,.F 218-219
F 193-196

G. Minerals and power

G .9-12, G 14-15, G 1718, G 19-29, G 33-39,


G 44-45, G 47-48,
G 55, G 91-92, G 147,
G 150, G 160, G 162

H. Construction ;lnd hous- H 48, H 89-11ft


ing

J.

Manufactures

G 31, G 56, G 59':'61, G 71-72,


G 105, G 108-109, G 171,
G 175, G 179, G 183-187,
G 190, G 191-193, G 200,
G 204, G 205-216, G 217221, G 224, G 225-227

J 3, J 5-6, J 11-12, J 13,


J 15-24, J 26-27, J 29,
J 2, J 125, J 140
J 112, J 116, J 124,
J 152, J 177-178

D 11-31, D 75, D 221222

F 12-13, F 37-51, F 52-54,


F 76, F 78-87, F 94-95,
F 106, F 125, F 147-150,
F 154, F 155-159, F 168,
. F 189:..192, F 199~ F 200211, F 212-215

G 6, G 32, G 40";41, G 6264, G 73, G 75, G 87-88,


G 94-95, G 97-101,
G 7-8, G 30, G 42, G 122,
G 110-111, G 129-130,
G 124, G 188-189,
G 131-143, G 144, G 146,
G 194-199, G 201-203,
G 154-158, G 169, G 172G 222-223
174, G 176-178, G 180182, G 228~233
H 7-8, H 17-18, H 33-85,
H 43-46, H 51-57, H 80,
H 113-117, H 119-124,
H 126-127, H 128-133,
H 135

H 31, H 38-39, H 40-42, H 47, H 1-6, H 9-15, H 19-23,


H 25-26, H 64-73
H 58-'-63, H 81-83, H 84-88

.....................

J 30-32, J 37-41, J 43, J 49- J 25, J 28, J 33-36, J 44-48,


96, J 133, J 142, J 149J 164, J 176
151, J 153, J 162, J 175

E 87, E 164, E 178180, E 195, E 232,


E 265-266

F 55, F 59, F 62~68,


F 77, F 108, F 145146

....................

H 16, If 24, H 118,


H 125, H 134

J 42

K. Transportation

K 68-70, K 92-93, K 132145, K 177-178, K 181-188,


K 189, K 193, K 195-198, K 179-180, K 209,
K 28-34, K 36-37, K 39K 203, K 205-208, K 210K 216, K 220,
l!12, K 43-48, K 50-51, K 35, K 38, K 49, K 75, K 109, K 52-59, K 61, K 190-191b,
214, K 215, K 217-219,
K 237a-238b, K 248
K 60, K 62-67, K 71KIll, K 117, K 175,
K 194, K 199-202,
K 221-224, K 231, K 236K 253-254, K 256,
74, K 76-81, K 82-91,
K 225-230, K 232
K 233-235, K 239-245
236b, K 246-247, K 249K 258, K 261,
K 204
252, K 255, K 257, K 259K 268-269, K273
260, K 262-264, K 265-267,
K 270-272

L. Price indexes

L 16-25, L 39, L 48

M. Balance of paYments
and foreign trade

M 6-7, M 17, M 29-30

L 49

L 40-47, L 50-51

".

............. ................

M 8, M 11-12, M 21,
M 31, M 39

M 40

..... , .. . ...................

N. Banking and finance

N 47-48, N 138, N 156, N 90-98, N 159, N 196-200,


N 172-178, N 185-187
N211, N 228

N 49-59, N 68-75, N 76-85,


N 100, N 102-106,
N 109-113, N 114-123,
N 124-128, N 130,
N 89, N 99, N 101, N 139N 131-134, N 150, N 160,
140, N 141-147, N 188N 162, N 166-171,
191, N 203-205
N 192-195, N 212-214,
N 220, N 221-223,
N 224-227, N 229-232

P.

P 152-153, P 155-157, P 160,


P 17D, P 188-190, P 192,
P 171, P 174, P 191, P 197,
P 195-196, P 198-199,
P 200, P 212-215, P 216-223,
P 201, P 202-208,
P 250-253, P 256-257, P 259P 210-211
264, P 265-268, P 272, P 274,
P 276

P 63-64, P 108, P 117-119,;


P 121-123, P 125-127,
P 138, P 142, P 144-149, P
P 154, P 158, P 161-162,
P 173, P 209, P 224-234,
P 236, P 238, P 240-242,
P 245-246, P 249, P 258,
P 269-271, P 273, P 275,
P 277

Government

Appendix 1. Monthly and


quarterly indicators of A pp. 21, App. 23
business conditions

App. 5

69, P 71-73, P 75-76, P 7879, P 81-88, P 128, P 143.


P 150-151, P 159, P 163164, P 172, P 186-187

App. 3, App. 6, App. 7,


App. 8, App. 9, App. 13, A
pp. 1, App. 2, App. 11
App. 16-17, App. 20,
App. 22, App. 28

. ......................

N 129

P 70, P 74, P 77, P 80,


P 124, P 129, P 139,
P 193-194, P 235,
P 237, P 239, P 243244, P 247-248,
P 254-255

.....................

355

ALPHABETICAL SUBJECT INDEX


Series No.

Accidents and fatalities:


Air transport ......................... K 265-273
Coal mines ........................... G 144-153
Mines (except coal) .................... G 133-136
Quarries and related ip.dustries .......... G 140-143
Railroads ............................. ; . K 84-93
Accountants, bookkeepers, and cashiers ......... D 93
Acid fS.uJPhuric), physical output. .......'to J 156
AcqUlsItlOn, U. S. terrItory ........... B 24-25, F 1-7
Acreage, farm:
52 crops, combined ...................... E 74-75
Crops, by kind ...................... E 181-191,
E 196-208, E 211-217, E 225-228
Irrigated land ............................. '. F 59
Tenure of operator ...................... E 31-36
Utilization .............................. F 28-32
Acreage, land:
Land utilization ........................ F 25-36,
F 37-51, F 52-61, F 62-68
Public lands ........... ~ .... F 8-17, F 19, F 20-24
U. S. total and public domain ............... F 1-7

Series No.

Anthracite coal-Continued
Production ............................. G 16-18
Apparel:
Consumers' prices, index .......... " ........ L 43
Manufacture, value of output .......... J 60, J 108
Wholesale prices, index ...................... L 29
Apples, production and returns ............ E 231-233
Appliances, manufacture:
Cooking and heating apparatus ... '...... J 67, J 115
Electrical .............. J 71 72, J 85, J 116, J 134
Household, including mechanical refrigerators .. J 68
Office and store ................ J 87-88, J 136-137
Ophthalmic products and surgical and orthopedic J 81
Radio apparatus ............................ J 72
Apportionment of congressional representation P 57-61
Appropriations (see also various series on
government receipts and expenditures):
Congressional bills vetoed ................... P 38
Public Health Service ...................... C 118
Area (see also Acreage):
Continental United States .................. B 25,
B 26-28, F 1-3, F 25-27
Land ownership ........................ F 37-51
Land utilization ......................... F 25-36
National forests ......................... F 69-70
National parks .......... ; .................. F 17
Public domain (original) .................... F 4-7
Public lands ................ F 8-16, F 19, F 20-24
Territories and l?ossessions ................... B 25
Artificial limbs and ophthalmic products ........ J 129
Automobiles. See Motor vehicles.

Series No.
Books, printing and publishing, value of
output ............................. J 75 ,3 122
Bookkeepers, accountants, and cashiers ......... D 93
Branch banking ......................... ,.. N 90-98
Brick (common), physical output. ......... '" .J 163
Brickmasons, stonemasons, and tile setters ..... D 103
Building and Loan Association failures ..... H 133-135
Building materials:
Construction materials .... H 49-50, J 96, J 146-148
Nonmetals ............................. G 65-76
Wholesale prices, indexes .......... L 10, L 22, L 32
Building permit indexes ............ ~ ....... H 74-79
Monthly data, value ............. ; .. App. 20-21
Building trades (see also Construction):
A verage wages, hours, and earnings,
indexes .................... D 110, D 114-116
Hours, wages and earnings ....... D 109, D 125-126
Union wage rates and hours, indexes .... D 152-157
Buildings. See Construction industry,
Dwelling units, Farms, etc.
Business activity, physical volume,
monthly index .......................... App. I)
Business conditions, indicators of .......... App. 1-30
Turning points of business cycles ......... Page 920
Business failures, liabilities .................. App. 30
Business vehicles (see also Motor vehicles),
'
manufacture .................... J 91. J 140-141
Busses (motor), registrations .................. K 231
Butter (see also Dairy products):
Consumption per capita for farm and

Acreage, national forest areas............... F 69-70


Forest fires, area burned ov.er ........... F 144-150
Purchases ................................. F 71
Admissions tax, internal revenue ... ~ . '......... P 119
Age classification:
Birth rates by age of mother .............. C 27-36
Children (number) under 5 yearsold,rate .. C 22-23
Citizenship status ..................... B 237-278
Death rates ............................. C 65-76
Farm tenants ........................... E 25-30
Labor force, by sex ...................... D 32-46
Price~.e.~~~?:::::::::::::::::::::::: :E' i6~-f:~
Life expectation .......................... C 6-21
Production ........................... E 156-158
Immigrants .......................... B 333-336 Balance of international payments .. Page 237, M 1-41 Butterfat in cream, prices ................... E 168
Median age, by color and sex ............. B 72-80 Bankruptcy cases, farmers ............... E 256-257
Median age, heads of families ............... B 181 Banks and bankers taxes, internal revenue ...... P 131 Call 'loans, interest rates, New York City .... N 187
Population .................... B 36-39, B 81-144 Banks (see also Colonial and State, United States
Calories. See Nutrition.
Agricultural implements and machinery:
Calves (see also Cattle and Cows):
Bank (Second), National, Savings, ComEquipment, value ...................... A 5, A 48
Price, veal calves per cwt............. E 129, E 148
mercial, State, Private, Federal Reserve,
Farmers' expenditures for .............. E 108-110
etc., banks):
Production, dressed weight ................ E 142
Manufacture, value ............. J 86, J 133, J 135
Assets and liabilities ........... N 1-59, N 114-123
Slaughtered ........................ ; .. E 140-141
National wealth components .. A 5, A 48, A 50, A 79
Branch banking .......................... N 90-98 Canals and rivers (New York State), tonSales of equipment, machinery, and parts .... E 107
Clearings at principal cities .............. N 86-89
mileage ............................. K 168
Tractors on farms, number ................ E 106
Monthly data ...................... App. 14-15 Canals and roads, federal expenditures ........ K 176
Value, inventory .......................... E 105
Commercial and customer bank loan rates N 188-195 Canals (see'also Shipping and water traffic):
Boats and barges, tons ............. K 98, K 123
Debits ................................. N 76-83
Agricultural land utilization program, etc.... F 62-68
Land grants to aid in construction of ......... F 23
Monthly' data ............... ; ...... App. 16-17
Agricultural products. See Crops, Farms, and
New York State canals, tonnage moved .. K 170-171
Deposit turnover ....................... ;N 81-85
individual products.
Deposits of country banks, indexes ...... E 267-269 Candidates, presidential, popular and
Agriculture (see also listings under specific entries,
electoral vote .......................... P 27-31
Earnings and expenses ................. N 124-130
as Farms, Credit, Crops, Livestock, etc.):
.
Suspensions,
by type of bank, number
Canned goods:

Credit ............................... E 244-269


Consumption per capita, by kind ..... ~ .. G 137-141
and deposits ...................... N 135-147
Crop statistics ........................ E 181-:243
Production,
fishery
products
......
F 157, F 200-211
Barbers,
beauticians,
and
manicurists
.........
D
96
Dairying and poultry .... ; ............. E 152-180
Employment, wages, productivity ......... E 61-75 Barges and boats (canal) ............... K98, K 123 Capital accounts, banks ............ N 8, N 14, N 24,
N
32,
N
40, N 54, N 123
Barite
...................................
G
77-78
Farm real estate and tenure ............... E 1-60
Fertilizer consumption ................. E 111-116 Barley for grain ..... : ................... E 200-203 Capital and property investment,
railroads
....................
K
18-22, K 60-67
Bauxite
................................
G
127-128
Livestock and meat .................... E 117-151
Machinery and equipment .............. E 105-110 Beacons, buoys, light stations, etc............. K 172 \ Capital expenditures and outlays:
Beans.
See
Drybeans
and
Soybeans.
National income .................... A 145, A 155
Additions and betterments, railways .... , .. K 68-70
National wealth components (value) ......... A 3-5 Beauticians, manicurists, and barbers ........... D 96
City and village streets .................... K 2?2
Products on hand (value) .............. A 64, A 92 Beds, hospital. See Hospitals and beds.
County and local rural roads ............... K 211
Products, revenue freight, tonnage ............ K 54 Beef and veal, consumption per capita ......... C 129
Manufacturing plant and equipment ..... J 149-151
Beef,
slaughtering,
production,
and
prices
..
E
136-139
Taxes, insurance, and income ............ E 76-104
Municipalities ......, .................... H 58-63
Air transport; .......................... K 239-273 Beverages (see also Alcoholic beverages, Liquors,
State and local governments ............... P 198,
etc.), index of physical output .............. J 17
Aircraft:
P 224-234, P 265-277
Manufacture ......................... J 92, J 142 Bicycles and motorcycles ................. J 79, J 127 Capital formation (gross and net), national
Production and exports ................ K 239-245 Birth rates (birth-registration States):
product
.................
: ......... A 199-201i
Age of mother .......................... C 27-36 Capital isSues ...........................
Service, number in ........................ K 247
N 221-227
Gross reproduction rates .................... C 37 Capital movements, international transU. S. civil, total ........................... K 259
Race ................................... C 24-26
Airports and landing fields ............... K 257-258
actions
~ .......... ; .......... M 1-13; M 20-40
Stillbirth ratios ............................ C 38 Capital stocks (see also Common stock, Preferred
Alaska:
Birth-registration area, growth ................ C 1-3
stock, and Stocks) :
Accession, area, and population ....... B 6, B 24-25
Railroads .................... K 20, K 22, K 63-67
Catch of fishery products and salmon .... F 189-192 Bituminous coal (see also Anthracite coal,
Taxes, internal revenue ..................... P 126
Alcoholic beverages (see also Beverages, Liquors, etc.):
Coal, etc.):
Carpenters .................................. D 95
Manufacturing production, indexes ............ J 42
Cut, stripped, loaded, cleaned ............ G 29-32 Carpenters' and mechanics' tools .......... J 94, J 144
State revenue from sales and licenses ......... P 240
Employment ...................... G 19, G 24-26 Cars. See Motor vehicles, Locomotives and
Aliens (see also Citizenship status, Foreign
Fatalities in mines ..................... G 148-150
railroad cars, Railroad cars, etc.
born, and Immigration):
Hours and earnings .................... D 145-147
Admitted ...................... B 304-332, B 350
Mines, number and capacity .............. G 20-23 Cashiers, bookkeepers, and accountants ........ D 93
Departed ............................. B 351-352
Output per man ......................... G 27-28 Castings. See Iron and steel and products.
Naturalization ........................ B 337-349
Production and value .................... G 13-15 Cattle (see also Calves and Cows):
Sex and age ..... , .......... B 241-242, B 247-248,
National forest grazing ...................... F 74
Strikes, days lost ...................... '.. G 25-26
On farms and value per head ........... E 117-118
B 255-256, B 262-263, B 269-270, B 276-277 Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling
Alloying metals (production), by kind ...... G 104-111
Price .............................. E 128, E 139
mills, hours and earnings ............. D 164-171
Aluminum production ................... G 125-126 Boarding house and lodginghollile keepers ...... D 105
Production .. ' ....................... E 127, E 138
American Federation of Labor, membership D 219-220 Boats and barges (canal) .' .............. K 98, K 123
Slaughtered ........................ , .. E 136-137
American Samoa, accession and area ......... B 24-25 Boats and ships, manufacture ........... ,J 90, J 139 Cement (hydraulic) ........................ G 65-66
Animal products. See Meat and individual products.
Certifications and patents, public lands ... , ...... F 13
Bonds:
Animals and products, revenue freight tonnage ... K 55
Federal (U. S. savings, other), public
Cheese:
Animals, domestic. See Livestock, Poultry, and
debt component ................... P 139-140
Consumption ............................. C 148
individual classes.
'
Yields, prices, issues, and sales ......... N 196-200,
Production ........................... E 159-160
N
201-204,
N
212-214,
N
225-226,
N
229-232
Wholesale
prices ......... , ................. E 165
Anthracite coal (see also Bituminous, Coal, and
Corporate and railroad bond yields,
Chemicals and allied products:
Coal mines):
monthly
data
..............
App.
28-29
Production,
indexes .................... J 23, J 47
Consumption ......................... ' ..... G 35
Wholesale prices, indexes .......... L 11, L 23, L 33
Cut, stripped, loaded .................... G 40-42
Chickens
(see
also
Poultry), production,
Book
and
job
printing,
indexes
of
wage
Employment,.,; ........................ G 36-37
value, and prices .................... E 171-174
rates and hours ..................... D 160-161
Energy from, ., ........................... G 166
Children
(number)
under 5 years old, rate .... C 22-23
Book
paper,
physical
output
..................
J
155
Fatalities in mines ..................... G 151-153
China and household utensils ............. J 70, J 119
Foreign trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. G 33-34 Books, pamphlets, and contributions,
number
in
United States .............. B 45
Chinese,
copyrights. , ........................ P 171-173
Output per man ........................ ,G 38-39

356

Chromite

SUBJECT INDEX

EI ectricians

Series No.
Series No.
S~ries No.
Debt-Continued
,
Chromite ............................... G 106-107 Construction-Continued
Materials, value of output .. H 49-50, J 96, J 146-148
Federal government ....... P 102, P 108, P 132-143
Cigarettes and cigars. See Tobacco.
National
income
components
.........
A
148,
A
159
Railroads
............................
K
21,
K
65
gti~~tion of money .............. N 151, N 152-165
Roads and trails in national forests, miles F 76, F 78
Interest on funded debt ............. K 27, K 81
Shipbuilding ......... K 107, K 119-123, K 127-131
State and local governments ......... P 194, P 201,
Bank clearings .......................... N 87-89
State highways, expenditures ............... K 200
P 212-215, P 255,P 259-261
Monthly data ...................... App. 14-15
State highway, outstanding ................. K 204
Bank debits ........................... -. N 76-79
Demand deposits, banks .. N 83-85, N 131-133, N 175
Monthly data ...................... App. 16-17 Consumers:
Durable commodities, manufacture ........ J 65-82, Dental schools. See Schools.
Capital outlays in 145 municipalities ...... H 58-63
J 113-130 Dentists ..................................... C 82
Commercial and customer bank loan rates.N 188-195
Electric
utilities, sales to ............... G 225-233 Department stores sales, monthly index ...... App. 13
E}ectric utilities owned by ............ G 187, G 221
Flow of goods to, value .............. A 198, A 203 Depositors:
Fmances .................. P 188-211, P 250-277
Price indexes (major product groups) .... ,.L 40-47
Losses from bank suspension ........... ' ... N 147
Streets, funds for and disbursements ..... K 215-224
Postal Savings System .... , ................ N 110
Citizens (American) born abroad or at sea ...... B 192 Consumption (see also individual commodities):
Foods,
by
kind,
consumption
per
capita
..
C
128-155
Savings banks ............... ' ... N 99-102, N 107
Citizenship status of the population (see
Index .................................. C 121
also Naturalization) ................. B 237-278
Personal consumption expenditures ...... A 102-105 Deposits:
Civil service, Federal. ...................... P 65-68
Adjusted
deposits of banks ............. N 172-177
Continental and colonial periods. See Colonia!.
Clay products. See Stone, clay, etc., industry.
All banks .................................. N 26
Contracts, construction:
Bank debits and deposit turnover ......... N 76-85
Clearings (bank) at principal cities .......... N 86-89
Floor space of buildings .................. H 55-57
Branch banking ......................... N 96-98
Monthly data ........................ App. 14-15
Value .................................. H 51-54
Colonial and State banks .................... N 16
Clerks and kindred workers, number.: .......... D 83
Monthly data ............. , ......... ; . App. 22
Country banks, indexes .. , ... '" '" .... E 267-269
Earnings, manufacturing and steam railroad .. D 142 Cooking and heating apparatus, etc........ J 67, J 115
Federal Reserve banks; ................ N 119-121
Clocks, jewelry, silverware;and watches ... J 74, J 121 Copper ................................. G 112-113
Clothing. See Apparel.
Federal Reserve member banks .............. N 55
Copyright registrations ................... P 170-175
Reserve requirements ................ N 131-134
Coal and petroleum production, indexes .... J 24, J 46 Corn ................................... E 181-185
National banks .............. , ............. N 34
Coal (see also Anthracite, Bituminous, and
Corporations:
Coal mines) :
Nonmember (Federal Reserve) commercial
Bond sales on New York Stock Exchange .... N 230
banks ... , .... , ............ ; ........... N 59
Annual supply of energy from .......... G 164-166
Bond yields .......................... N 196-200
Nonnational banks ......................... N 42
Common stock yields and prices, indexes. N 210, N 219
Monthly data ................... , ..... App. 28
Postal Savings System ............... '" " .N 111
Consumption by electric utilities ............ G 197
Capital issues ......... , ............... N 224-227
Savings banks .................. N 103-106, N 108
Production ... ; ........... G 13, G 16, ,G 154-155
Dividends paid ..................... P 159, P 163
Suspended banks, by type of bank ...... N 141-147
Retail prices; indexes ..................... L 50-51
Income taxes, internal revenue
United States Bank (Second) ................ N 10
Value ................. ' ... , ....... ' ...... G 14-18
collections ........................ P 121-124 Designers and draftsmen ..................... D 104
Value of output for fuel and lighting .......... J 57
Income taxes, State revenue collections ....... P 244 Diseases (see also Death rates, by causes),
Cl1al mines (see also Coal and Coke):
Income tax returns .................... P 152-164
Earnings, coal miners (all mines) ............ D 143
annual rate per 100,000 population ...... C 85-91
Profits, national income component .... '.. A 129-131
Fatalities, all mines ................... G 144-153
Dividends:
Production and employment, all mines ... G 154-158 Correction, expenditures, State and local
Banks ........................ N 66, N 74, N 127
governments ................ P 207, P 231, P 273
Coastwise and internal traffic:
Corporations ........................ P 159, P 163
Cost indexes, construction .................. H 64-73
Income payments ......................... A 172
Domestic commerce ................... K 139-145 Cost of living indexes (see also Consumers'
Personal income component ................ A 138
Vessels documented for .............. " .... K 102
price indexes) ......................... L 36-39
Cod and mackerel fisheries, vessel tonnage ...... K 104 Cotton acreage, production, prices, and
:.:::::::: :: ::: :.': :: :
Cod catch ............................ F 165, F 170
stocks .............................. E 217-221
Documented merchant vessels .... Page 192, K 94-131
Coffee, consumption ......................... C 155 Cotton manufactures:
Coinage (gold, silver, and minor coin) ...... N 179-182
Consumed in manufacturing ................. J 179 Domestic commerce. See Commerce.
Coke (see also Coal) ....................... G 43-56
Hours and earnings ......... D 177-179, D 201-212 Domestic investment, groBs private ........ A 106-111
Colonial and Continental periods (scattered dates):
Spindles consuming cotton, active number .... J 180 Domestic service workers ... ,............. D 58, D 89
Draftsmen and designers ............ " '" .... D 104
Banks ............. " ............ N 13-15, N 17
Drainage and irrigation enterprises .......... F 52-61
National wealth ..........' ................... A 1 Cottonseed:
Oil production ............................. J 175 Drug, toilet, and household preparations ... J 54, J 102
Population ................................ B 12
Production and prices .................. E ,222-224 Drugs and chemicals, wholesale_price
Prices ............. " .................... L 2-14
indexes ....................... L 11, L 23, L 33
Territory, area ............................ F 1-6 Country banks:
Demand deposits, reserve requirements ...... N 133 Dry goods and notions ................. , . J 59, J 107
Colonial and State banks (see a.1so Colonial
Deposits, indexes ...................... E 267-269 Drybeans, consumption per capita ............. C 144
and Continental, and State banks) ...... N 13-18
Country of birth, foreign-born population. .B 279-303
Color. See Race.
Durable goods and industries:
Commerce:
'
Country of destination and origin, foreign
Consumers', manufacture ....... J 65-82, J 113-130
trade ............................... M 87-102
Domestic, by water .................... K 139-145
Manufacturing production, indexes J 25-29, J 31-37
Country of origin, immigration ............ B 304.-330
Foreign. See Foreign trade.
Monthly data ......................... App. 7
County and local rural roads, funds for .... K 205-214
Personal consumption expenditures .......... A 103
Commercial airplane pilots ................... K 262 County governments, finances ............. P 188-211
Producers'
equipment, private domestic
Commercial banks (see also National, State,
Cows (see also Calves and "Cat~le), number
etc. banks):
investment ........................... A 110
and value per head .................. E 152-153
Producers', manufacture ........ J 83-95, J 131-145
Bank debits and deposit turnover ......... N 80-85 Crabs, catch ................................ F 177
Semi-durable, manufacture ...... J 58-64, J 106-112
Branch banking ......................... N 90-98 Craft (pleasure) ........................ J 80, J 128
Duties on imports ...................... M 71, M 74
Farm-mortgage debt held ................. , .E 147 Credit:
Loan rates ........................... N 188-191
Bankruptcy cases filed by farmers ....... E 256-257 Dwelling units (see also Construction
industry and Housing):
Nonmember, Federal Reserve: Number,
Farm-mortgage debt, loans, and interest.. E 244-255
Construction, started in nonfarm areas ..... H 40-47
loans, investments, and deposits. " ...... N 56-59
Nonfarm housing ..................... H 113-135
Demolished
.......................... H 48, H 88
State: Number, and assets or liabilities.... N 45-46
N on-real-estate agricultural loans and
Farm construction cost, index ....... " ... , ... H 71
Commercial paper rates, New York City ....... N 186
discounts ........................... E 258-266
Number ................ H 81, H 84-87, H 89-105
Monthly data ................. " ........ App. 27
Tenure of homes ..... , ................. H 92-112
Commercial prints and labels, copyrights ....... P 175 Cropland (see also Crops):
Common stock:
Acreage ........................... F 29, F 38-48
Drainage .................................. F 55
Priees, indexes ........................ N 215-220
Managed by agencies, associations, etc..... F 64-65 Earnings and expenses, banks .... N 60-75, N 124-130
Railroads .................. '................. K 63
Earnings, wages, and hours of labor (see also
Yields, indexes ........................ N 206-211 Crops (see also Cropland a,nd. individual crops) :
Salaries and wages, Wages, etc., and
52 crops, aggregate acreage ............... E 74-75
Cemmunications. See Telephone and telegraph.
individual industries) ................ D 107-212
Acreage harvested, production, prices,
Compensation of employees (see also Earnings,
.
and stocks, by kind ..... " ......... E 181-217 Education (see also Schools):
Buildings, construction expenditures .......... H 17
wages, etc., Salaries and wages, and Wages):
Cash receipts from farm marketings .......... E 89
Capital outlays in 145 municipalities ....... H 60
Income payments ......................... A 169
Loans, emergency crop and feed ......... E 259-260
Gainful
workers in ......................... D 56
National income components. . .. . .... A 118-123
Prices received by farmers, indexes ........... E 96
Railroads ................................. K 83 Currency:
Teachers .................................. D 92
Eggs:
Condensed and evaporated milk ............... E 161
Outside banks ............................ N 178
Congress of Industrial Organizations,
Consumption per <:Rpita .................... C 150
Stock and in circulation ............ " .. N 148-165
ProductlOn and pnces .................. E 175-176
membership ........................ D 221-222 Customer bank loan rates ................ N 192-195
Congressional activity:
Customs districts, imports and exports .... M 103-112 Elections and politics ....................... P 1-61
Apportionment of Representatives ......... P 57-61 Customs receipts ............................. P 90 Electors, presidential:
Electoral vote for president .................. P 30
Bills, acts, and resolutions ................ P 40-49 Cycles, business .......................... Page 320
Bills vetoed ... , ............. '............ P 32-39
Methods of electing ....................... P 1-26
Electric light and power, gas, and oil pipePolitical party affiliations ................ P 50-55
Dairy cows .. '" .... " .................. E 152-153
lines, cons~ruction expenditures ............ H 11
Conservation and development (see also AgriDairy products (see also individual products):
cultural land utilization, and Irrigation
Consumption per capita, by kind ........ C 145-149 Electric light and power (see also Energy,
and drainage), public construction
Utilities, etc.):
Prices received by farmers .............. E 167-170
expenditures ............................. H 22
Central stations (privately owned), value. A 62, A 91
Production ........................... E 154-164
Construction
cost (plants), indexes ........... H 69
Construction (see also Building trade, Dwelling
Wholesale prices ................ E 165-166, E 169
Consumption of fuels ............... " . G 194-199
units, and Housing):
Death and gift taxes, State revenue ........... ,p 246
Death
rates:
Earnings
...........................
, ..... D 141
Building permits, indexes ................ H 74-79
Energy production .......... G 175-179, G 184-189
Age-adjusted death rates ................... C 52
, Monthly data, value .... '" ......... App. 20-21
Generating plants, number ............. G 200-203
Age at death. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. C 65-76
Capital outlays in 145 municipalities ...... H 58-63
Installed generating capacity .... G 204, G 209-212,
Causes of death ......................... C 56-64
Contracts .............................. H 51-57
G 218-223
Infant, by race .......................... C 39-41
Monthly data ........................ App. 22
Land, improvements, and equipment, value A _27-29
Maternal, by race ....................... C 42-44
Cost indexes ........................... H 64-73
National
income
..........................
A 157
Sex and race (death-registration States) .. , . C 45-51
Dwelling units started and demolished .... H 40-48,
National wealth components ... A 27-29, A 62, A 91
Sex (Massachusetts) ..................... C 53-55
H 88
Output per man-hour, index ................ D 216
Employment .............................. H 80 Death-registration States, growth ......... C-l, C 4-5
Sales to ultimate consumers ............ G 225-233
Expenditures ....................... H 1-39 ,H 47 Debits, bank ............................. N 76-83
Monthly data .................. , ... App. 16-17 Electric utilities. See Electric light and
Federal (public works) ................. H 27-35
power industry.
Highway ...................... K 184-188, K 190 Debt:
County and local rural roads, debt retirement K 213 Electrical appliances ....... J 71-72, J 85, J 116, J 134
Investments, private domestic .......... A 107-109
Farm-mortgage ....................... E 244-249 Electricians and power-station operators ........ D 99
Labor force .............. D 52, D 70, D 95, D 103

Di~~:~eo~~:~:.'.':.'::

~ .~~'. ~ ~g

357

Electricity

SUBJECT INDEX

Gold

__ _ _
Series No. I
Series No. Foreign trade:
Series :t{ o.
Electricity, fuel, and ice, consumers' price
Farms-Continued
Aircraft exports, number and value ..... K 243-245
. indexes: ................................. L 45
Livestock, meat, dairying, and poultry ... E 117-180
Balance of international payments. Page 237, M 1-41
EmIgrant alIens departing .................... B 352
Machinery and equipment, value,
Cargo tonnage, waterborne, summary .... K 184-138
Emigration. See Immigration and emigration.
sales, etc............................ E 105-110
Customs districts ..................... M 108-112
Employees. See Labor force and Wage earners.
Number ..... ................. E 1, E 19, E 43-60
Destination
and origin ................. M 87-102
Emp.loyers ~nd officers (salaried), manufacturing
Color of operator ....................... E 43-60
Economic classes ............... M 56-67, M 76-86
Tenure of operator ............ E 19-24, E 48-60
mdustrIes ......... , ....................... J 3
Entrance
and
clearance of vessels ....... K 146-157
Employment (see also Labor force and individual
With irrigated land .................. F 58, F 61
Gold ............................ M 45-47, N 169
industries or occupations):
Ownership (real estate), changes ............ E 6-18
Imports,
free
and
dutiable .............. M 68-86
Factory, monthly index ................ App. 3-4
Population ......................... B 165, B 231
Nationality of carrier ....... K 146-157, K 159-166
Status of labor force ............ D 14-31, D 64-65
Movement of. ...................... B 231-236
Pennsylvania
anthracite
.................. G 88-84
Urban and rural. .................... B 166-167
Taxes, internal revenue .. , ................. P 129
R;eexports of foreign merchandise ........... M 53
Prices: .... : ............... E 128-151, E 167-243
Energy. (s~e also Electric light and power,
SIlver
.......................
.......... :M 48-50
Utilittes, etc.):
ParIty ratIo ............................. E 104
Value of imports and exports .K 158-167, M 42-1l2~
Annual supply ........................ G 159-170
Received and paid, indexes ..... E 95-100 E 103
Monthly
data
......................
App. 18-19
Industrial use ......................... G 191-193
Wholesale .......................... E i65-166
Vessels documented for ................... K 101
Production ........................... G 171-190
Wholesale, indexes ........... L 4, L 16, L 26-27
Vessels entered and cleared ............. K 146-157
Enterprises and trust funds, contributions
Production indexes. C 120, D 217, E 70-71, E 72-73
Products, revenue freight tonnage .......... K 54 Foremen and skilled workers ................... D 84
.to, State and local governments ..... P 200, P 258
EqUIpment:
. .
Real estate .............................. E 1-18 Forest and woodland (see also Forestry),
Manufacturing capital expenditures .......... J 151
Taxes levied .......................... E 76-78
acreage .................... F 81, F 35, F 40-50
National ,;"ealth components ............... A 5-41
Taxes .................................. E 76-81
Managed by Soil Conservation Service ........ F 66
Index .................................. E 102 Forest fires ............................. F 148-154
Producers dUrable, private domestic
inves.tment ............................. A 110
Tenure ............................ : ... E 19-60 Forestry (see also Forest and woodland):
ProfesslOnal and scientific .............. J 93, J 143
Value:
.. .
Forest trees planted on farm lands ......... F 84-87
Railroad .......... K 4-8, K 18, K 34-38, K 60-69
Land and buildings .............. E 3-4, E 37-42
Labor force (forestry and fisheries) ...... D 49, D 67
Transportation, production indexes ....... J 29,_J 34
Per acre, index ........................... E 5
Lumber
production .................... F 109-111
. ,
Property (selected items), total value.. . .. . E 2
National forest areas, purchases, grazing,
Wages ...... D 132-188, D 144, D 172-175 E' 65-69
EqUIpment, machJnery, etc.:.
timber
cut, receipts, etc....... , ....... F 89-108
Farm ...... A 48, A 50, A 79, E 105-110, J 86, J 135
Index numbers ................. D i76, E 64
Products ............................. F 123-142
IndustrIal, manufacture ................ J 84, J 132
Physical
output, indexes .................. J 26
Manufacturing, value .................. A 51, A 80 Fatalities. See Accidents.
Revenue freight tonnage ................ K 57
Office and misc., .manufacture ........... J 87, J 136 Fats. See Lard, Margarine and Oils.
log,
and lumber prices ........ F 112-122
Stumpage,
Estate taxes, internal revenue ............ , .... P 127 Federal government:
Estate, trust, and individual income tax
Bank deposits ......................... N 176 Forests, national:
Allotments to forest service ............. F 106-108
returns ..............................p 144-151
Electric utilitie~ <?'YDed by ._... """'..... G 188, G 222
Areas and purchases ..................... F 69";73
Evaporated and condensed milk ............... E 161
Employment, cIVllianr ~jP.i:62-68, P 71-72
Livestock grazing ........................ F 74-75
Expenditures. See Expenditures, ~eral.
Excess profits taxes ...... ; ............. P 123, P 158
Payments and receipts .................. F 99-105
Executive branch (Federal), civilian
Finances ....... , .... '.' ............... P 89-169
Roads and trails .................. F 76-79, F 107
employment ..................... P 62-64, P 71
Forest fires (federal lands) ............. F 143-146
Timber
cut ... , ..................... F 88-98
Expectation of life. See Life expectation.
Hospitals and beds ............... .'... C 106-1(17
Visits ............................. " .F 80-83
Expenditures:
.
Pay rolls, civilian employment ............. P 82-83
Construction ....................... H 1-39,.H 47
Purchases of goods and services ...... ; ...... A 114 Frame spinners, hours and earnings ....... D 189-194,
Farm ...................... E 69, E 108'-115, H 9 Federal intermediate credit banks, non-real..
D 201-206
Forest fire control on State and private
estate agricultural loans and discounts.E 261-2.66 Free colored. Se6 Negro.
lands .............................. F 151-154 Federal land banks and FFMC, farm-mortgage
Free
merchandise
imports
......
M
69,
M
72,
M 75-85
Forest trees planted on farm lands ......... F 85-87
debt and loans closed ............. E 245, E 260 Freight service:
Manufacturing plant and eqUipment,
Federal Reserve banks:
Air transport, ton-miles .. : .............. K 255
capital. ........................ , .. J 149-151
Assets and liabilities ................... N 114-123
Freight-train cars, number .............. K 7, K 87
Earnings and expenses ................. N 124-130
Personal consumption expenditures ...... A 102-105
Average capacity, tons ............. " ... K 38
Member bank deposit reserve
.
Railroads, capital for additions and

Railroad freight ton-miles, monthly


requirements ........................ N 181-134
betterments ........................ K 68-70
data ............................. App. 11-12
Money held by banks ...................... N 150
Railroad
statistics,
before
1890
............
K
1-3-17
Expenditures, Federal government:
Federal Reserve notes and bank notes in
Railroad statistics, 1890 to 1945 .......... K 43-59
City and village streets, federal workcirculation ................ N 122, N 160, N 162 Fruits
and vegetables (see also Fruits,
relief funds (mainly WPA) ............. K 220 Federal Reserve System member banks:
Vegetables, and individual commodities),
Cost of planting forest trees on farm land ..... F 86
Assets and liabilities ..................... N 49-55
acreage,
production, and prices ........ E 225-243
County and local rural roads ............... K 209
Earnings and expenses ................... N 69-75 Fruits, consumption:
Forest fire control on State and private lands .F 152
Deposit reserve requirements ........... N 131-134
Fresh
(total,
citrus) ............... ; .... C 185-136
Forest payments and allotments ......... F 103-108
Number ................................... N 68
Processed (canned and dried fruit,
Forest purchases ................... ; .... F 72-73
Suspensions, number and deposits .... N 139, N 145
canned
juice)
..................... C 187-139
Highways ......................... K 191a, K 194 Feed and crop emergency loans ........... E 259-260
Light stations, beacons, etc................ K 172 Feldspar .......... , ...................... G 79-80 Fuel and lighting products:
Postal. .................................. P 166 Ferro-alloys ............................. G 99-101
Manufactured and nonmanufactured ...... J 56-57,
Public debt ............... P 102, P 108, P 132-143 Ferrous metals, by kind .................. G 93-101
J 104-105
Public Health Service ...................... C 119 Fertilizer:
Wholesale prices, indexes ........... L 8, L 20, L 80
Public works (public buildings, reclamaConsumption .... .- ........................ E 111 Fuel, electricty, and ice, consumers' price indexes L 45
tion, etc.), construction ................ H 27-35
Nutrients contained .................. E 112-114 Fuel oil:
Rivers, harbors, etc.................. H 29, K 173
Production and value ................... G 87-90
-Annual supply of energy from ........... G 168-169
Roads and canals .......................... K 176 Fertilizer and lime, farmers' expenditures ....... E 115
Consumption by electric utilities.- .......... G 198
Roads and trails, national forests ............. F 79 Fire Insurance, Farmers' MutuaL ........... E 82-87
Physical output ................... , ...... J 160
Treasury expenditures, by major
.
Fish and marine oils ..................... F 214-215
classification ......................... P 99-108 Fish scrap and meal ..................... F 212-213 Fuel (see also individual classes):
Expenditures, State and local governAnnual supply of energy from ........... G 163-170
ments ..... .- ... P 193-200, P 202-215, P 221-234, fisheries (see also individual species):
Coal industries .......................... G 13-42
.
P 254-258, P 265-277
Coke industry ........................... G 43-56
Catch ............................... F 160-192
Expenses (see also Earnings and expenses):
Consumption
by electric utilities ....... G 194-199
Fur seals .............................. F 218-219
Railroads, operating expenses. K 24, K 72-74, K 79
Consumption by motor vehicles ......... K 233-235
Labor force (forestry and fisheries) ..... D 49, D 67
Export~. See Foreign trade.
Natural
gas
and
gasoline production ....... G 59-64
Landings ........ ; .................... F 193-198
Petroleum production .................... G 57-58
Products ... , ......................... F 199-215
Production, indexes .................... G 8, G 11
Sponges .............................. F 216-217
Failures:
Retail prices (gas and coal), 'indexes ........ L 49-51
Vessels engaged ....................... K 103-104
Bank suspensions .............. , ...... N 135-147
State motor fuel taxes paid by farmers ........ E 81
Yield and disposition .................. F 155-159
Bankruptcy cases, farmers .............. E 256-257
State
revenue from motor vehicle fuels sales .. P 238
Flaxseed
...............................
E
204-207
Building and loan associations .......... H 133-135
Value .................... G 4, G 14-18, G 58";56,
Business, liabilities of .................... App. 30 Flood control, rivers, and harbors,
G 58, G 60-61, G 63-64
Families:
federal expenditures ..................... H 29
Age of head (median) and sex ........... B 179-181 Floor coverings .............................. J 117 Fur seals ............................... F 218-219
Farm and nonfarm ..... B 174-175, H 82, H 89-105 Flounder catc.h .............................. F 171
Number and size ...................... B 171-173 Foods and foodstuffs (see also indil1idual
Games, toys, and sporting goods .......... J 63, JIll
commodities) :
Gas:
Race ................................. B 176-178
Consumers' prices, indexes ................... L 42
Annual supply of energy from ............... G 170
Ratio of families to available housing units .... H 83
Consumption, indexes ...................... C 121
Consumption by electric utilities ............ G 199
Farm machinery. See Agricultural implements, etc.'
Farm and manufacturing production, indexes. C 120
Plants, construction cost indexes ...... , ...... H 68
Farms (see also Acreage, farm,
.
E 72-73, J 16, J 41
Prices, indexes ............................. L 49
Agriculture, etc.):
FOreIgn trade .................. M 58-65, M 79-82
Production and value ................... G 59-61
Cash receipts from marketings ............ E 88-90
Nutrition, selected foods, consumption ... C 128-155 Gas, electric light and power, and oil
Oonstruction costs, index ................. H 71-72
Output value ................... J 51-52, J 99-100
pipelines, construction expenditures ........ H 11
Construction expenditures .................... H 9
Prices, indexes ............... L 5, L 17, L 28, L 48 Gasoline (natural) ......................... G 62-64
Credit ................................ E 244-269
General Land Office, cash receipts of ......... , ... F 9
Crops, by kind ....... , ........ E 74-75, E 181-224 Foreclosures:
Generators. See Power.
Farm real estate ....................... E 9, E 18 Gift and death taxes, State revenue ............ P 246
Employment ....... D 5, D 7, D 23-25, D 48, D 66,
Nonfarm homes " ........................ H 127 Gift taxes, internal revenue ................... P 128
D 80, D 87, D 90-91, E 61-63
Expenditures ................ E 69, E 108-115, H 9 Foreign born:
Glass products. See Stone, clay, etc., industry.
Citizenship status, by sex, all ages ....... B 239-271 Goats and sheep, national forest grazing ......... F 75
Families ........................... B 174, H 105
21 years old and over ................ B 246-278
Fertilizer consumption ................. E 111-116
Country of birth ...................... B 279-303 Gold:
Forest trees planted ...................... F 84-87
Number in the population ............ B 193, B 239
Coin and certificates in circulation.... , .. N 152-153
Fruits and vegetables, by kind .......... E 225-243
Coined ................................... N 180
Age and sex ........................ B 239-274
Housing .............................. H 105-112
Percent of total population ............... B 194
Earmarked for foreign account .......... N 170-171
Income ................................ E 91-94
Foreign trade ................... M 45-47, N 169
White .................................... B 20
Insurance .............................. E 82-87
Gold stock, changes in ..... '" ... M 38, N 166-171
Interest payable, indexes ............. E 101, E 255 Foreign investments, international transactions ... ; .... A 112, M 9-13, M 22, M 31, M 40
Production and value ........... G 118-119, N 168
Irrigated land ..................... F 58-59, F 61
Ratio of silver to .......................... N 184
Land utilization ........................ ; F 28-32 Foreign, State, and municipal bond sales ....... N 232
358

SUBJECT INDEX

Geld and silver

Series No.
Gold and silver coin and bullion .......... A 74, A 99
Goods:
Flow to consumers .................. A 198, A 203
Stocks on hand, national wealth
components ................ A 63-68, A 92-97
Goods and service:
Government purchases ................. A 113-116
International transactions ..... '.... ,M 15-27, M 84
Government (see also Federal and State
governments, and Cities)!
National income .......................... A 152
Purchases of goods and services .. , ...... A 113-116
Wages and salaries (civilian) ........ A 122, P 81-88

Life expectation

Series No.

Immigration and emigration-Continued


Immigrants-Continued
Country ........ , ................... B 304-330
Male, percent ........................... B 332
Nonimmigrant aliens admitted ........ , ..... B 350
Imports. See Foreign trade.
Improvements, Federal-aid highway ...... K 189-191b
Improvements (real estate), value (see also
Real property and improvements):
}~ational wealth components;, by class .... ... A 4-41
Taxable and tax exempt, by class .......... A 4-41
Improvements (river), land grants to
aid in construction of; .................... F 24

Series No.

International trade. See Foreign trade.


International transactions ......... Page !t37, M 1-41
Interregional movement, population ....... B 215-230
Interstate movement, population .......... B 183-192
Inventions, patents .................... P 177, P 182
Inventory valuation adjustment, national
income component ...................... A 132
Investments:
Banks ...................... N 52, N 58, N 96-98
Foreign, net ..... ". "". "............ " ..... "A. 112
Income on American investments abroad ... ; . M 17
Income on foreign investments in
United States ............................ M 26
International investment position, U. S..... M 1-13
Private domestic, gross ................. A 106-111
Railroads, capital and property .. K 18-22, K 60-67
Iron and steel and products:
Iron ore production ...................... G 93-95
Manufacturing production, indexes. " .... J 27, J 32
Pig iron production ...... , ............... G 96-98
Monthly data ......................... App. 10
Rolled iron and steel production ............. J 170
Steel ingots and castings production ...... J 165-169
Irrigation and drainage enterprises ........... F 52-61

Income or revenue (see also Receipts):


Grain (see also individual commodities),
Air transport, avg. passenger revenue ........ K 249
acreage, production, prices, and stocks,
Corporations filing income-tax
by kind ............................ E 181-207
returns ..................... P 154-155, P 161
Grapefruit .............................. E 242-248
Electric utilities ....................... G 227-233
Grapes ........ c E 288-289
Farm .................................. E 91-94
Gravel and sand .......................... G 71-72
Income payments A 145-153, A 169-175, A 195-197
Grazing and pasture land, acreage ........ , ..... F 80,
F 34, F 39-49
National income or product. A 101-133, A 145-168,
A 176-194, A 198-207
Managed by agencies, associations, etc; ........ F 63
On American investments abroad ............ M 17
Great Lakes ports:
Domestic commerce .................. K 142-143
On foreign investments in United States ...... M 26
Foreign commerce ..................... K 137-188
Personal income .... ',' ................. A 184-144
Guam, accession and area ................. ; B 24-25
onthly ~d quarterly data ........... App. 1-2 Janitors and sextons ......................... D 97
Gum and wood naval stores .............. F 137-142
RaIlroads .. '.' .......... K 9-16, K 23, K 25, K 89, Japanese, number in the United States .......... B 46
K 42, K 43-51, K 71-79 Jewelry, silverware, clocks, and watches,
Gypsum ....... , .......................... G 67-68
manufacture .......... '" ........... J 74, J 121
Income payments ... A 145-153, A 169-175, A 195-197
Joint-stock land banks, farm-mortgage
Haddock catch ........................ F 160, F 167 Income tax, federal:
debt and loans closed .............. E 248, E 251
Harbors, rivers, etc.,
Corporation .................... P 121-124,P 157
federal expenditures ................ H29, K 173
Indiyidual. ............................... P 125 Labels and prints (commercial), copyrights ..... P 175
Hardwoods ............................. F 111-122
Summary (income and profits taxes) .... P 91, P 120 Labor force ............................... D 1-106
Hawaii Territory, area and population ... B 7, B 24-25 Income-tax returns:
Age distribution ......................... D 32-46
Hay:
Corporation ........................... P 152-164
Armed forces included ................... D 11-13
Acreage, production, and prices ......... E 211-216
Individual, estate, and trust ............ P 144-151
Civilian, by sex ......................... D 14-28
Land managed by Soil Conservation Service ... F 65 Income tax, State ....................... P242-244
Employment status ............. D 14-28, D 64-65
Health:
Index numbers. See resplletilie subjects.
Farm
................... D 5, D 7, D 23-25, D 48,
Dentists and dental schools .......... , .... C 82-84 Indians:
.
D 66, D 80, D 87, D 90-91, E 61-63
Diseases, selected reportable ............. C 85~91
Federal expenditures ....................... P 104
Hours,
wages, and earnings ............ D 107-212
Expenditures, State and
Number ................................... B 44
Industrial distribution, employed .......... D 62-76
local governments .................. P 206-207, Indicators of business conditions ........... App. 1-30
Industrial distribution, gainful workers .... D 47-61
P 228-229, P 269-271
Turning points of business cycles ......... Page 820
Occupation .... D 2-7, D 20-25, D 47-61, D 66-106
Hospitals and beds ..................... C 92-117 Individual, estate, and trust income
Persons
not in labor force ................ D 29-31
Physicians and medical schools ............ C 79-81
tax returns ......................... P 144-151
Productivity, indexes, selected
Public Health Service, United States..... C 118-119 Individual income taxes:
industries
.......................... D 213-217
Heating and cooking apparatus, etc........ J 67, J 115
Internal revenue ........................... P 125
Sex .................................... D 11-46
Herring (sea) catch .......................... F 169
State revenue ............................. P 243
Social-economic
groups .................. D 77-89
Hides and leather products, price indexes .... L 6, L 18
Unemployed ...................... D 26-28. D 6.5
Industrial common stock, indexes ....... N207, N 216
Highways, roads, and streets,
Women
in
labor
force ..................... D 8..,.10
Industrial construction, expenditures ....... H 6, H 16
construction expenditures ................ H 20 Industrial machinery and equipment ...... J 84, J 132
Work stoppages ..................... , .D 224-238
Highways (sell also Roads and Streets) ;
Industrial production, monthly index ......... App. 6
Capital outlays in 145 municipalities .......... H 59 Industrial use of electric energy ........... G 191-193 La:bor union membership ................. D 218-223
Construction cost, index .................... H 70 Industrial1l, utilities, and railroads,
Laborers, number .................. ;D 87-88, D 91
Expenditures, State and
Hours, wages, and earnings ............ D 127-133,
monthly index ......................... App. 25
local governments ........... P 205, P 227, P 268 Industries (see also Nonagricultural
D 144, D 167-176
Improvements, federal-aid ............. K 189-191b
Union wage rates and hours,
employment and indiflidual industries):
Motor fuel usage .......................... K 234
trades,
indexes
..............
D 156-157
building
Electric energy production by industrial
State control. ........................ K 178-188
establishments ................ G 179-182, G 190 Lamb and mutton (see also Sheep):
State highways finances ................ K 193-204
Consumption
per
cspita
....................
C 181
Electric energy used .. : ................ G 191-193
Hogs:
Price of lambs per cwt............... E 134, E 151
Installed generating capacity ..... G 213-216, G 224
Dressed Weight, production and price .... E 146-147
Production,
dressed
weight
.........
"
'"
...
E
150
National income ...................... A 154-164
Live-weight, production and price ....... E 130-131
Slaughtered (lambs and sbeep) .......... E 148-149
National wealth components ......... A 3-14, A 38
Number on farms and value per head .... E 119-120
Land,
public:
.
Productivity, indexes,
Slaughtered ........................... E 144-145
Acquisition and extent of territory and
selected industries ................... D 213-217
HomeOwners' Loan Corporation, nonfarm
public domain ................... " .... F 1-7
Value of land, real estate
home mortgage loans made and
Disposal of ...................... F 9-16 F 19-24
improvements, and equipment ........... A 3-14
outstanding ...................... H 118, H 125
Grants to aid in construction of
Homestead entries of public land ............ F 14-16 Infant mortality rates ..................... C 39-41
railroads, canals, etc.................. F 20-24
National Park System ........... '" ...... F 17-18
Inheritance, legacies, and successions, taxes ..... P 130
Horses, cattle, and swine,
Public and private land ownership
Injuries. Sell Accidents.
national forests grazing .................... F 74 Institutions and hospitals, expenditures,
by major uses ...................... ;F 37-51
Horses, on farms, number and value ...... E 123-124
Receipts from sale of ........................ P 94
State governments ....................... P 229
Hosiery and underwear industries,
Sales, acres ................................ F 19
Instruments (musical) ................... J 78, J 120
hours and earnings .................. D 183-185 Insurance, Farmers' Mutual Fire ............ E 82-87
Vacant lands ..................... '" " ...... F 8
Hospitals and beds ....................... C 92-117 Insurance (life) companies:
Beds per 1,000 population .............. C 102-103
Land (see also Acreage, Farms, and Land,
Farm-mOltgage
debt
held
..................
E
246
Ownership or control (federal,
public):
Nonfarm home mortgage 10ans ....... H 115, H 122
local, church, etc.) ................... C 104-117
Acquisition of land and water
Type of service (general, mental, etc.) ..... C 92-101 Interest:
areas ........................ B 24 ....25, F 1-7
City and village streets, payments ........... K 224
Hospitals, expenditures, State and
Allotments for the acquisition of lands ....... F 108
County and local rural roads, payments ...... K 214
local governments ........... P 207, P 229, P 271
Area of United States (acres) ........ F 2, F 7, F 26
Farm mortgages, charges (amt.) ............. E 254
Hours, wages, and earnings of labor (see also
Area of United States (square miles) .......... B 27
Index of interest charges per acre .. E 101, E 255
Salaries and wages, Wages, etc.,
Drainage and irrigation .................. F 52-61
Federal public debt .............. P 102, P 186-143
and individual industries) ............. D 107-212
Farm and nonfarm ...................... F 28-86
Income
payments
.........................
A
173
Indexes .......... D 108, D 110, D 111-116, D 120
Farm
land and buildings, value ........ E 3-4, E 87
National income component. ............... A 133
Indexes of union wage rates and hours ... D 152-163
Tenure of operator .................... E 37-42
Personal income component ................ A 139
Forest
trees planted on farm land ......... F 84-87
Railroads, on funded debts .. " ......... K 27, K 81
Housefurnishings:
Managed by agencies, assoCiations, etc ...... F 62-68
State and local governments,
Consumers' prices, index .................... L 46
Utilization
.............................. F 25-68
payments ...................... P 199, P 257
Manufacture, selected commodities ........ J 62-72,
State highway, on obligations ............... K 203 I,and value, national wealth component:
.
J 110-119
Industrial,
by type, and taxable ............ A 3-30
Physical output (refrigerators) ............... J 164 Interest rates:
Nonresidential (taxable and tax exempt) .... A 3-38
Wholesale prices, indexes .......... L 12, L 24, L 84
Commercial
and
customer
bank
loan
rates
N
188-195
Residential
............................. " .A 86
Household, drug, and toilet
Farm mortgages ....................... E 252-253 Landing fields and airports ............... K 257-258
preparations ........................ J 54, J 102
Federal
public
debt
........................
P
138
Lard,
consumption
per capita ................. C HI3
House keepers (boarding and lodging) .......... D 105
Open-market rates in New York City .... N 185-187
Housing (see also Construction and
Lead,
smelter
production
................. G 114-115
Internal
migration:
Dwelling units):
East-west movement, native population .. B 195-204 Leather and leather products (see alsr> Shoes
Demolished units ..................... H 48, H 88
and other footwear industry):
Farm
population
movement
............
B
281-236
Existent units ........................ H 81-112
Prices (hides and leather), indexes ........ L 6, L 18
Interregional movement ............... B 215-280
Nonfarm credit ....................... H 113-135
Interstate movement, foreign born ....... B 198-194
Production, indexes .................... J 20, J 40
Native population ................... B 183-192 Legacies, successions, and inherita.nce taxes ..... P 130
Liabilities of business failures ............... App. 30
Ice cream ................................ E 162
N orth"South movement, native
Ice, fuel, and electricity, consumers'
population ........................ B 205-214 Libraries, expenditures, State and local
price indexes ............................. L 45
governments ...................... P 209, P 275
State of birth ......................... B 185-189
Licenses and sales (alcoholic beverages),
r lluminating oils ............ , ................ J 159 Internal revenue (see also Income tax, federal):
State revenue ........................... P 240
Collections, by tax sources ............. oP 109-131
I mmigration and emigration:
Aliens departing ....................... B 851-352
Licenses (motor vehicle and operators),
Immigrants, number ...... , .. '....... B 304, B 831 In~e~~i~:t~r' i;aflic. 'S~e' C"a"~~i~~ 8:~d"" .P 91-92
State revenue ........................... P 241
Life expectation ............................ C 6-21
Age .................. , .............. B 333-336
internal traffic.

359

Life insurance

SUBJECT INDEX
Series No.

Negro
Series No.

Series No.

Life insurance companies:


Manufacturing industry-Continued
M~ni~g-:.Continued
~
~ ~
Farm-mortgage debt held ................... E 246
Hours, wages, and earnings~. D 117-119, D 128-124,
Lapor rorce ............ , ........ .u 50, D 08, lJ 94
Nonfarm home mortgage loans ...... , H 115, H 122
D 136, D 177-212, J 7
Land, improvements, and equipment, value ... A 6-8
Light stations, beacons, etc., federal
Labor force .................... D 51, D 69, J 2-4
National income .................... A 146, A 156
expenditures, .... ; ..................... K 172
Land, improvements, and equipment, value .. A 9-11
National wealth components ............... A 6-8,
Machinery, tools, and equipment, value .. A 51, A 80
A 45-46, A 68, A 94
Light-weight metals, by kind ............. G 125-130
National income ............... ..... A 147, A 158
Output per man-hour, index ................ D 215
Lighting and fuel products:
National wealth components ......... A 9-11, A 51,
Physical output, indexes ................. G 9-12
Manufactured and nonA 65-66, A 80. A 93
Power ........................ , .......... G 193
'manufactured ............... J 56-57, J 104-105
Output per mall-hour, indexes, ............. D 213
Products on hand, value ............... A 68, A 94
Power ............................ G 192, J 11-12
Price indexes ..................... L 8, L 20, L 30
Products, revenue freight tonnage ............ K 56
Production, indexes ..... , ................ J 13-4R
Lignite mining. See Bituminous coal industry.
Real property and improvements, value ... ,A 45-46
Production-worker pay rolis, indexes ......... D 120 Molybdenum ........................... G 110-111
Lime:
Summary statistics (Census) ............... J 1-12 Money rates and security markets ......... N 185-232
Con!lumed on farms ........................ E 116
Farmers' expenditures (lime and fertilizer) .... E 115
Wages, hours, and earnings, indexes ..... D 111-113 Money (see also Banks) :
Sold by producers ....................... G 69-70
Held in Treasury and by Federal Reserve
Margarine, consumption per capita ............ C 134
Liquors, fermented and distilled (see alBa
banks ............................ N 149-150
Marine and fish oils .................... , .F 214-215
Alcoholic beverages):
Stock and in circulation. , .............. N 148-165
Price indexes (spirits) ....................... L 13 Marine, merchant. See Merchant fleet.
Production ............................ J 172-173 Markets, security ....................... N 196-232 Monuments and tombstones .............. J 82, J 130
Taxes, internal revenue ................ P 110-112 Marriage rate .... '...... , ..................... C 77 Morbidity rates. See Diseases. '
Married women in the labor force ............ D 9-10 Mortality rates. See Death rates.
Livestock and farm machinery, tools, and
equipment value ........................ A 48 Massachusetts:
Mortgages, farm and other real estate (see alBa
Death rates:
Loans):
Livestock (see also individual classes):
Cause
of
death
..................
,
.....
C
62-64
Cash recloipts, farm marketings ............... E 90
Farm-mortgage credit .... ; ............. E 244-25
Sex .................................. 053-55
Inspected, slaughtered, production
Interest payable on farm
Life expectation, by sex .................. C 14-21
(dressed weight), and prices ... ; ...... E 136-151
mortgages .................. E 101, E 252-255
National wealth components .... , .... A 48-49, A 78 Maternal mortality rates ......... , ......... C 42-44
Loans made and outstanding on one-to-fourMeal
and scrap (fish) .................... F 212-213
Number permitted to graze in
family nonfarm homes ... H 113-126, H 130-131
national forests ...................... F 74-75 Measures introduced and passed in Congress .. P 40-49
N on-real-estate agricultural loans to
Meats (see also individual kinds) :
Number, value per head, production (live
farmers .. , .................... , .. E 258-266
Consumption per capita, by kind ........ C 128-131 Motor and steam vessels, tons ...... " ... K 96, K 121
weight), and prices ............... E 117-134
Slaughtering, prodUction, and prices ..... E 136-151 Motor fuel:
Prices received by farmers, indexes ............ E 97
Workstock 2 years old and over on farms ..... E 135 Mechanics' and carpenters' tools .......... J 94; J 144
Consumed by motor vehicles ..... " .... K 233-235
Medical schools. See Schools.
Loans (see also Mortgages, farm, etc.):
State motor fuel taxes paid by farmers ..... , .. E 81
Agricultural (non-real-estate) loans
State revenue from motor vehicle fuel sales ... P 238
and discounts .................... E 258-266 Menhaden received .......... , ............... F 162 Motor vehicle and operators licenses, and
Bank loan rates ............ : .......... N 188-195 Merchandise:
motor fuel taxes, State revenue ..... P 238, P 241
Foreign trade .......................... M 51-112 Motor vehicles, machinery, and equipment,
Bank 10ans .......... N 1, N 18, N 21; N 29, N 37,
Stocks of imported goods, value ............... A 67
N 51, N 57, N 96-98, N 115
farmers' expenditures .................... E 108
Farm-mortgage loans closed ............ E 250-251 Merchant fleet, documented ...... Page' 192, K 94-131
Changes in fleet (built, lost, sold, etc.) ... K 105-118 Motor vehicles (see also individuaZ type oj
Nonfarm home mortgage loans made and
Major class (steam and motor, sailing
veMcles):
outstanding .............. H 113-126, H 130-131
etc.) ...................... K 96-98, K 121-123
Farmers' expenditures ...................... E 109
Savings and loan
Material
(metal,
wood)
of
which
built
.....
K
99--100
Manufacture
.............. J 77, J 91, J 124, J 140
associations ........... H 114, H 121, H 128"-132
Type of trade in which engaged ......... K 101-104
Motor fuel usage ... " ................ K 233-235
Time and renewal call, interest rates .. N 185, N 187
Vessels built, U. S. and by
National wealth components ........... A 72,'A 98
regions ............... K 119-123, K 127-131
Parts and accessories, manufacture ...... J 78, J 125
Lobster catch ...... ) ........................ F 172
Vessels, number and gross tonnage,
Production ........................... K 225-228
Local governments (see also State and local
U. S. and by region ....... K 94-95, K 124~126
Registrations .................... , .... K 229-232
governments) :
State automotive taxes paid by farmers .... E 80-81
Finances ................... P 188-223, P 250-277 Mercury (quicksilver) .................... G 102-103
Travel, vehicle-miles ................. K 236-238b
Hospitals and bed9 ................... ClIO-Ill Metals and metal products:
Alloying, by kind ...................... G 104-111 Motorcycles and bicycles ................ J 79, J 127
Lockouts. See Work stoppages.
Ferrous, by kind ....................... G 93-101 Mules .. " .............................. E 125-126
Locomotives and railroad cars,
Light-weight, by kind., ................ G 125-130 Municipal high-grade bond yields ........... " N 204
manufacture ........................ J 89, J 138
Manufacturing production, indexes ....... J 28, J 35 Municipal, State, and foreign bond sales ....... N 232
Locomotives, number .................... K 4, K 34
Nonferrous, by kind ......... G 102-103, G 112-117 Municipalities. See Cities.
Average, tractive effort ...................... K 35
Precious, by kind ...................... G 118-124 Musical compositions, copyrights .... " .. , ..... P 174
Lodginghouse and boarding house keepers ...... D 105
Prices, indexes ....... '............. L 9, L 21, L 31 Musical instruments ..................... J 73, J 120
Log prices ............................. F 116-119
Production, indexes .................... G 7, G 10 Musicians and music teachel'R ................. D 102
Lubricating oils, physical output ............... J 161
Mutton. See Lamb and mutton.
.
Luggage ............................... J 76, J 123
Mutual savings banks, depositors and
Lumber and building materials, price indexes .... L 32 Migration. See Internal migration, Immigration
and
emigration,
Naturalization
and
deposits
.........................
N
100,
N 104
Lumber and products (see also TimJ>er):
Citizenship status.
Production and prices ........ F 109411, F 120-122
Mileage
(route
miles,
passenger
miles,
ton
Production index, .......................... J 36
Natality rates. See Birth rates.
miles, etc.):
Air transport ........ K 248-256, K 264, K 268-273 National banks (see also Nonnational banks):
Assets and liabilities ..................... N 27-34
New York State canals, rivers and
Machinery, equipment, etc.:
Branch banking ................... _..... N 91c97
railroads ......................... K 168-169
Farm .. ... A 48, A 50, A 79, E 105-110, J 86, J 135
Earnings
and expenses .. _................ N 61-67
Public
roads
...............
K
174-175,
K
177-190
Indufltrial, manufacture ............... J 84, J 132
Notes in circulation ....................... N 165
Railroads ......................... K 1-3, K 11,
Manufacturing, value ........... ; ...... A 51, A 80
Number
...................................
N 60
29-41,
K
46-50,
J
169
K
Office and misc., manufar.ture ......... J 87, J 136
Savings and other time deposits, and
Freight ton-miles, monthly data ...... App. 11-12
Machinery (see also Agricultural implements etc.,
depositors
.......
,
....
,
..
,
.....
,
.N
102,
N
106
Travel by motor vehicles .............. K 236-238b
Equipment, and other respp.ctive subjects),
Suspensions, number and deposits .... N 136, N 142
production index .......................... J 33 Military and naval, etc., services (see aZso
National
forests.
See
Forests,
national.
Military,
U.
S,):
Mackerel and cod fisheries, vessel tonnage. , .... K 104
Abroad, population .......................... B 3 National income or product .... A 101-133, A 145-207
Mackerel catch ....................... F 164, F 183
Federal expenditures for construction ...... H 28-29 National Park System ..................... F 17-18
Magnesite ................................ G 91-92
Treasury expenditures ................. P 100-101 National wealth estimates:
Magnesium .... _........................ G 129-130
Before 1880 .................. ; ... Page 1-12, A 1-2
Military, U. S. (see also Military and
Mail:
Components .................... A 42-74, A 75-99
naval, etc.):
Air transport, ton-miles flown ............... K 256
Manhattan
Island, value of land and
Aircraft production ........................ K 240
Railroad revenue cars (number) for
buildings .................. _ .......... A 100
Wages and salaries, national income
baggage, mail, and express ................. K 8
Total
national
wealth .. Page 1-2, A 1-2, A 42" A 75
component ........................... A 121
Maintenance, etc.:
Value of land, real estate improvements,
Construction expenditures ......... , ......... H 25
Milk
(see
also
Dairy
products):
and
equipment
...................... A 3-41
Public roads, disbursements ... K 201, K 212, K 223
Consumption per capita, by kind ........ C 145-147
Railroads, operating expenses ............. K 73-74
Evaporated and condensed, production ....... E 161 Native population, total ............... B 183, B 238
21 years old and over ...................... B 245
Milk equivalent of manufactured dairy
Malt liquorR, fermented (see also Liquors, etc.):
Internal migration ..... , .... B 183-192, B 195-230
products ......................... E 163-164
;Physical output ............................ J 172
Percent of total population ................. B 184
Prices received by farmers .............. E 169-170
Taxes, internal revenue .................... P 112
Sex .................................. B 252-273
Production on farms ....................... E 154
Managers, proprietors, and officials .......... D 79-82
White ..................................... B 19
Sold from farms ........................... E 155
Manganese ore .......................... G 104-105
Natural gas:
Manhattan Island, value of land and buildings .. A 100 Mills (rolling) blast furnaces, and steel
Annual
supply of energy from ............. G 170
works, hours and earnings ............ D 164-171
Manicurists, barbers, and beauticians ........... D 96
Production and value .............. , .... G'S9-61
Mineral (food). See Nutrition.
Manufactured products (see also individual
Natural
gasoline
.......................... G 62-64
Minerals and mineral products (see also
products):
Natural resources, expenditures, State
Mining and each mineral):
Construction materials, value ....... J 96, J 146-148
governments
............................ P 233
Fuels, by kind .......................... G 13-64
Finished products or commodities,
Annual supply of energy from ......... G 163-170 Naturalization:
value ........................ J 49-95, J 97-145
Aliens
naturalized
............. B 240, B 247, B 339
Consumption by electric utilities ...... G 194-199
Foreign trade ..... , ............ M 59-67, M 81-86
Former allegiance ..................... B 234-349
Metals, by kind ........................ G 93-130
Physical output, sele('ted commodities ... J 152-180
Sex
....................
, ... B 254-275, B 340-341
Nonmetals, by kind ..................... G 65-92
Reven ue freight tonnage ........... ' ........ K 58
Declarations of intention ........... , ....... B 337
Production, indexes ....................... G 6-12
Stocks of goods, value .............. A 65-66, A 93
Petitions
filed
.............................
B 338
Monthly data .......................... App. 9
Manufactures, etc., excise taxes ............... P 115
Revenue freight tonnage .................... K 56 Naval services. See Military and naval.
Naval
stores,
gum
and
wood
..........
,
...
F
137-142
Manufacturing industry (see also Nonagricultural
Value of products ......................... G 1-5
Navy Department, expenditures for ... , ....... P 101
employment and individual industries):
Navy (U. S.) ships, value, national wealth
Mining (see also Minerals and mineral products
Capital expenditures for plant and
components ........... , ............ A 58, A 89
and each mineral) :
equipment ............. ' ........... J 149-151
Coal, by kind ........................... G 13-42 Negro (see also Race and color):
Durable and nondurable, monthly
.,
Children under 5 years old, rate ............. . 023
Coke industry .......................... G 43-56
indexes ................ , ........... App. 7-8
Employment and injuries.G 19, G 36-37, G 131-158
Population ..... " ................ , ... B 21, B 41
Employment, factory, monthly indexes .... App. 3-4
Age groups ............... B 111-125, B 134-144
Hours and earnings, coal miners .. D 143, D 145-147
Establishments, number ...................... J 1

360

SUBJECT INDEX

Negro

Series No.

N egro--Continued
Population-Colltinued
Families .......... '" ' ... '" ............ B 177
Free colored and slaves ........... B 22, B 42-43,
B 50-71,B 134-144
New York City:
Bank clearings ...... " ............. N 87, App. 14
~an~ ~ebits ...................... "~T 7.7"!nAt>p'..!~
!:SallK lOan rates .................... N HS:1, l'{ .1:10
Commercial paper rates ............ N 186, App. 27
Stock Exchange time and calI loans ... N 185, N 187
Stock Exchange, volume of sales ........ N 228-232
New York State:
Canals, tonnage ....................... K 170-171
Canals and rivers, and railroads (tonmileage) ......................... K 168-169

Public civilian

Series No.

Pamphlets, books, and contributions,


copyrights .......................... P 171-173
Panama Canal Zone, accession, area, and
population ...................... ,B 9, B 24-25
Paper and products:
Manufacture ......................... J 55, J 103
Physical output (book paper and newsprint and similar papers) ............ , . J 154-155
Production and consumption (paper and
paperboard) ...................... F 134-136
Production, indexes .................... J 21, J 44
Paperboard. See Paper and products.
Park System, National. .................... F 17-18
Parties, political. .................... P 29, P 50-56
Passenger service .statistics:
Air transport .................... , .... K 249-254
Motor vehicles ..... , ..... K 225-226, K 237a-237b
Railroads, before 1890, .............. , .... K 9-12
Railroads, 1890 to 1945 .................. K 39-42
Accidents and fatalities ............... , K 86-87

Series No.

Population-Continued
Urban and rural .............. B 16-17, B 145-170
Vital statistics of. See Vital statistics.
Pork:
Consumption per capita .................... C 130
Slaughtering, production, and prices ..... E 144-147
Ports, commerce of principaL ............ K 132-157
Possessions, United States. See Territories
and possessions.
Postal Savings System ................... N 109-113
Postal service:
Grants from Treasury to cover postal
deficiencies ..................... P 106, P 169
Receipts and expenditures .............. P 165-167
Surplus revenue paid into Treasury ..... P 95, P 168
Potash:
.
In commercial fertilizer, ....... : ........... E 114
Sold by producers, and value ........... , . G 87-88
Potatoes (see also Sweet potatoes) :
Acreage, production, and price .......... E 225-227
Consumption per capita ............. , ...... C 142

Newspaper printing, wage rates and


hours, indexes ...................... D 162-163
Newsprint and similar papers, physical
output .................................. J 154
Passenger vehicles, motor except as noted
Nonagricultural employment:
Poultry (chickens and turkeys):
(see also Motor vehicles):
Hours, wages, and earnings ...... , ...... D 107-108
Consumption per capita .................... C 151
Horsedrawn and' accessories, .manUfacture, , ... J 126
Labor force, total .............. D 4, D 6, D 20-22
Number on farms and value ............ E 171-180
Manufacture ......................... J 77, J 124
Nondurable goods and industries:
Parts and accessories ...... , ......... J 78, J 125 Power:
Nondurable manufactures, indexes ......... J 38-48
Energy production and use ............. G 159-199
Production, number and value .......... K 225-226
Monthly data .......................... App. 8
Generating plants and capacity ......... G 200-224
Railroad cars .......................... K 6, K 36
Perishable and semidurable finished
Sales to ultimate consumers .... , ....... G 225-233
Travel, vehicle-miles .. , ............. K 237a-237b
commodities, value .......... J 50-64, J 98-112
Personal consumption expenditures .......... A 104 Pasture and grazing land, acreage.F 30, F 34, F 39-49 Power plants. See Electric light and power industry.
Managed by Soil Conservation Service ....... F 63 Precious metals, by kind ................. G 118-124
Production, indexes ............. '. J 16-24, J 38-48
Patents and certifications, public lands .......... F 13 Preferred stock:
Nonfarm:
Railroads .................................. K 64
Patents (inventions, design, reissue, etc.):
Yields ................. '.................. N 205
Construction expenditures ........ H 4-26, H 27-32
Applications .......................... P 181-184
Dwelling units or housing ............... H 40-48,
Granted .............................. P 176-180 Presidential elections ........... " ........... P 1-31
Party affiliation of the President ............. P 56
H 81-88, H 97-104 Payments. See Income payments, International
Families, number ............... B 175, H 82, H 97
transactions, and Transfer payments.
Prices:
Housing credit .......... '.............. H 113-135 Pay rolls. See Wages.
Bonds ............................... N 212-214
Land, by major uses ..................... F 33-36 Peaches ..... ,........................... E 234-235
Consumers' price indexes (major product
Population, urban and rural ............ B 168-170 Peanuts, consumption per capita .............. C 154
groups) ............................. L 40-47
Nonferrous metals and products (see also
Cost-of-living
indexes .................... L 36-39
Pears .................................. E 236-,237
individual kinds):
Farm.
See Farms.
Production and value, by kind .......... G 102-103, Pennsylvania anthracite. See Anthracite coal.
General
price
index
.......................... L 1
G 112-117 Pensions ("veterans'), federal expenditures ....... P 105
National forest purchases (prices per acre) .. F 72-73
Production, indexes .................... J 28, J 35 Perishable goods, commodities ...... J 50-57, J 98-105
Retail
price
indexes
(food, rent, and (uel) ... L 48-52
Nonimmigrant aliens .................... B 350-351 Personal consumption expenditures ........ A 102-105
Silver ................................ N 183-184
Personal furnishings and clothing ......... J 60, J 108
Nonmetals (see also individual kinds):
Stock
(common)
price
indexes ........... N 215-220
Building materials, by kind ...... ~ ........ G 65-76 Personal income ......................... A 134-144
Stock price indexes, monthly data ...... App. 25-26
Monthly and quarterly data ............. App. 1-2
Chemical materials, by kind .............. G 77-86
Stumpage,
log,
and
lumber
" ........... F 112-122
Fertilizer materials, by kind .............. G 87-90 Personal property:
Wholesale price indexes .......... Page 227, L 2~35
National wealth components ......... , .... A 69-70
Fuels, by kind .......................... G 13-64
Monthly
data
......................
App. 23-24
Taxes levied on farm ....................... E 79
Magnesite (crude, mined) ................ G 91-92
movers. See Power.
Physical output (fuel, other), indexes ...... G 11-12 Personal service workers ...................... D 59 Prime
Printing
and
publishing:
Production (fuels), index ..................... G 8 Petitions tiled for naturalization ............... B 338
Production, indexes .................... J 22, J 45
Value (total. fuels, other) ................... G 3-5 Petroleum and coal products, production
Value of output (books) ............... J 75, J 122
indexes ............................. J 24, J 46
Nonnational banks, as!jets and liabilities ..... N 35-42 Petroleum and products:
Printing trades, wage rates and hours,
Annual supply of energy from .......... G 168-169
Nonresidential:
indexes ............................ D 158-163
For fuel and lighting ........................ J 56 Prints and labels (commercial), copyrights ...... P 175
Building permits, index .................... H 76
Physical output (refined products) ....... J 158-161 Private acts and resolutions passed by
Construction contracts awarded ......... H 53, H 57
Production and value .................... G 57-58
Construction expenditures ................. H 5-18
Congress ............................. P 47-49
Land, improvements (real estate), and
Private banks:
equipment, value ...................... A 3-40 Philippine Islands, population .................. B 4
Number, and total assets or liabilities ...... N 47-48
Phosphate rock ........................... G 89-90
Nonwhite population statistics. See Race
Suspensions, number and deposits .... N 138, N 144
Physicians and surgeons ................ C 79, D 101 Private construction (new), expenditures'...... H 3-12
or individual color.
,Notions and dry goods ................. J 59, J 107 Pig iron ...... , ........................... G 96-98 Private domestic investment, gross .... , ... A 106-111
Monthly
data
...........................
App.
10
Nurses ............................... D 98, D 106
Private wages and salaries, national
Pilchard or sardine:
Nutrition:
income component ..................... , .A 120
Canned .............................. F 204-207 Privately owned electric utilities:
Agricultural production volume, indexes ... E 72-73
Catch ................................ " .. F 182
Available per capita per day (ascorbic
, Electric energy production ................. G 185
Pilots,
certificated
airplane
...............
K
260-263
acid, calcium, etc.) .......... , ..... C 122-127
Installed generating capacity .............. G 219
Pipelines (0iJ), gas, and electric light and
Contained in fertilizer (nitrogen,
power, construction expenditures ........... H 11 Producers:
phosphoric acid, potash) ........... E 112-114
Durable
commodities, manufacture ......... J 83-95,
Food consumption per capita, index ...... : .. C 121 Pipelines, national wealth components ..... A 60, A 87
J 131-145
Food production volume, index .............. C 120 Platinum ............................... G 122-124
Durable equipment, private domestic
Playing cards and stamp taxes, internal revenue.P 113
Foods,. by kind, consumption per
investment. , ... '................. '" .A 110
Pleasure
craft
..........................
J
80,
J
128
capita ............................ C 128-155
Plumbers, and gas and steam fitters ........... D 100 Product, national. See National income or product.
Politics and elections ....................... P 1-61 Production. See individual commodities and industries.
Oats for grain ........................... E 196.-199 Popular vote for president, by political party .... P 31 Productivity:
Occupations (see also individual occupations
Output per man-hour, selected industries,
Population:
and industries):
indexes ........................... D 213-216
Age distribution ............... B 36-39, B 81-144
Hours, wages, and earnings ............. D 107-212
Output per worker in agriculture,
Median age, by color and sex ........... B 72-80
Labor force ............................ D 1-106
indexes ................... '" .. D 217, E 70-71
Median age of head of families .......... .. B 181 Products. See respective subjects or individual products.
Office and store appliances, etc..... J 87-88, J 136-137
Citizenship status, by sex .............. B 237-278 Professional and scientific equipment ...... J 93, J 143
Office buildings, warehouses, etc.,
Colonial period, estimated .............. , .... B 12 Professional persons .................. D 56-57, D 78
construction expenditures ........... " ..... H 7
Families .............................. B 171-181 Profits:
Officers and employers (salaried),
Farm .................... B 165-167, B 174, B 231
manufacturing industries .................... J 8
Banks (capital. surplus, and net unMovement of ....................... B 231-236
Officials, proprietors, and managers .......... D 79-82
divided profits) .......... N 24, N 32, N 40, N 54
Foreign born .......... B 20, B 193-194, B 239-303
Oil, cottonseed ............................... J 175
Banks, net profits and ratio to
Internal migration ..................... B 182-236
Oil pipelines, electric light and power, and
capital accounts ......... N 65, N 67, N 73, N 75
Labor force of. See Labor force.
gas, construction expenditures ............. H 11
Corporate, national income component ... A 129-131
Military and naval, etc., services abroad ....... B 3
Oils and fats (edible), consumption per
'
Native ......................... B 19, B 183-192, Profits and income taxes, summary ....... P 91, P 120
capita, by kind ...................... C 132-134
Corporation, excess profits tax ........ :p 123, P 158
B 195-230, B 238-273
Oils (fish and marine) .................... F 214-215
Nonfarm ............. , ......... B 168-170, B 175 Property and capital investment,
Oils, fuel:
railroads ..................... K 18-22, K 60-67
Per occupied dwelling unit or family .......... H 91
Annual supply of energy from ........... G 168-169
Per sq. mile of land area .................... B 30 Property taxes, State and lo.cal governConsumption by electric utilities ............ G 198
ments ...... Page 287, P 189, P 245, P 251, P 262
Philippine Islands ........................... B 4
Physical output ............................ J 160
Race or color .................. B 18-23, B 34-35, Property valuations, real and personal.
Oils (illuminating), physical output ............. J 159
See National wealth.
B 40-47, B 81-144
Oils (lubricating), physical output .............. J 161
Families ............................ B 176-178 Proprietors and firm members,
manufacturing industries ................... J 2
Oleomargarine taxes, internal revenue ...... " .. P 116
Median age, by sex .................... B 72-80
Operation expenditures, State and local
Regional distribution .................. B 48-71 Proprietors' and rental income:
National income component ............ A 124-127
governments ................. P 196, P 202-211,
Sex ..... ....................... B 14-15, B 32-33
Personal income component ................. A 137
P 224-234, P 265-277
Families by sex of head .............. B 179-180
Ophthalmic products and artificial limbs ........ J 129
Median age, by color .................. B 72-80 Propriet,ors, managers, and officials .......... D 79-82
Ophthalmic products and surgical and
Territories and possessions ................. B 5-10 Public acts and resolutions passed by Congress. P 44-46
Public buildings, federal construction
United States aggregate, including and
orthopedic ap.pliances ...................... J 81
expenditures ................. " .......... H 30
excluding Philippine Islands ......... B 1, B 11
Oranges ................................ E 240-241
United States, continental ........ B 2, B 13, B 29, Public civilian employees (federal, State
Oregon, accession and area ................. B 24-25
B 31, B 182, B 237
and 10cal) .................... P 62-64, P 69-80
Oysters, catch ......................... F 174, F 176

361

SUBJECT INDEX

Public construction

State baRks

Series No.

Series No.

Public construction (new), expenditures ..... H 13-23


PubHc debt. See Debt.
Public Health Service, U. S., appropriations
and expenditur.es .................... C 118-119
Public lands. See Land, public.
Public roads. See Highways, Roads, and Streets.
Public safety, expenditures, State and local
governments ............... P 204, P 226, P 267
Public utilities (see also individual utilities):
Construction cost, indexes ................ H 68-69
Labor force .......................... D 53, D 72
National wealth components ........ A'15-32, A 39,
A 52-62, A 81-91
Taxable land, real estate improvements,
and equipment ................... A 15-32, A 39
Public welfare, expenditures, State and
local governments ........... P 207, P 230, P 272

Reexports of foreign merchandise ...... , ...... M 53


Refrigerators (household), physical output ...... J 164
Registration areas for births and deaths. See
'
Birth rates and Death rates.
Registrations, motor vehicles ............ K 229-232
Renewal call loans, interest rates, New York City. N 187
Rent (see also Proprietors' and rental income) :
Consumers' prices, indexes. " ................ L 44
Income payments .......................... A 174
Rents in 5 large cities, indexes ............... L 52
Repairs and maintenance, construction
expenditures .............. '............... H 25
Repairs, federal construction expenditures ....... H 35
Representatives (congressional), apportionment among the States ................. P 57-61
Residential (see also Housing and Dwelling units):
Building permits, index ..................... H 75
Construction contracts ................ H 52, H 56
Construction cost, index .................... H 66
Construction expenditures ......... H 4, H 14, R 47
Credit, nonfarm housing ............... H 113-135
Electric utiiities, sales to consumers ..... G 228-230
Existent housing units .................. R 81-112
Private domestic investment, new nonfarm
construction .......................... A 108
Property, value .................... A 36-37, A 41
Resolutions, Congressional .......... P 42, P 46, P 49
Resources (natural), expenditures, State gov't .. P 2-33
Retail price indexes of food, rent, and fuel .... L 48-52

Public works and utilities, construction contracts.H 54


Public works, federal construction expenditures. H 27-35
Publicly owned electric utilities:
Electric energy production .............. G 186-189
Installed generating capacity ........... G 220-223
Publishing industry. See Printing and publishing.
Puerto Rico, accession, area, and
'
population ............. , .........R 8, B 24-25
Pullman and other cars not owned by
railroads ........................... A59, A 86
Pulp. See Wood pulp.
Pulpwood consumption ....................... F 132
Pyrites ................................... G 85-86

Series No.

Schools (see also Education) :


Dentai, number and graduates ........ '.~ .. C 83-84
Expenditures, State and local governments ................... P 208, P 232, P 274
Medical, number and graduates ........... C 80-81
State and local employment and pay rolls. P 75, P 85
Scientific and professional equipment ..... J 93, J 143
Scrap and meal (fish) ..................... F 212-213
Seals, Pribilaf herd and skins obtained ..... F 218-219
Securities:
Holdings of banks ........ N 22, N 30,N 38, N 118
Yields, prices, issues, and sales .......... N 196-232
Monthly data ...................... App. 25-29
Semi-skilled workers .......................... D 85
Servants. See Domestic service workers.
Services:
Labor force .................... D 56-59, D 74-75
National income .................... A 151, A 162
Personal consumption expenditures .......... A 105
Services and goods:
Government purchases ................. A 118-116
International transactions .......... M 15..,.27, M 34
Severance taxes, State revenue ............... P 247
Sewage system. See Waterworks.
Sex distribution:
Aliens naturalized .................... ,B 340-341
Citizenship status of the population
(age and nativity) ................. B 237-278
Death rates ............................. C 46-55
Frame spinners, hours and
earnings ............... D 189-194, D 201-206
Immigrants, percent male ....... , .......... B 332
Labor force ... , ......................... D 11-46
Life expectation ....................... , ., C 6-21
Population, annual summary ........ ' .... B 32-33
Decennial summary .......... , ......... B 14-16
Families, by sex of helld ............. ,B 179-180
Median age, by color .................. B 72-80
Weavers, hours and earnings.D 195-200, D 207:"'212
Sextons and janitors ..... : .................... D 97
Shad catch ................................. F 161
Sheep (see also Lamb and mutton):
National forest grazing (sheep and goat) ...... F 71)
On farms and value per head ........... E 121-122
Production (live weight) and price ....... E 132-138
Slaughtered (lambs and sheep) .......... E 148-149

Retail trade:
Dealers, wholesale and retail. ................ D 81
Department store sales, indexes,
monthly data ......................... App. 13
Stocks of goods in hands of retailers, value .... A 96
Stock yields and prices, indexes ...... N 211, N 220
Race ,and color (see alBo individual race or color) :
Birth rates by race ...................... C 24-26 Revenue. Sec Income or revenue, Internal
revenue, and Receipts.
Death rates by race ............. C 39-44, C 45-51
Families, by race ...................... B 176-178 Rivers:
Federal expenditures (rivers, harbors, etc.)iH 29, K 173
Population, by race or color ...... B 18-23, B 34-35
Improvements, land grants to aid in
Age groups ......................... B 81-144
construction of. ..... '..................... F 24
Median age, by sex .................... B 72-80
New
York State canals and rivers, ton-mileage.K 168
Regional distribution .................. B 48-71
Roads and canals, federal expenditures ........ K 176
White and nonwhite:
Roads
and
trails in national forests,
Farm tenure .......................... E 43-60
allotments and expenditures ......... F 79, F 107
Interregional movement .............. B 215-230
Roads,
highways,
and streets, construction
Life expectation (white population) ....... C 6-13
expenditures ............... , .' ............ H 20 Shellflsh (canned) ........................ F 210-211
Native and foreign-born, white .......... B 19-20
Shipbuilding:
Nonwhite, by kind .................... B 40-47 Roads (see also Highways and Streets) :
Merchant vessels built and documented in
Radio apparatus and equipment ................ J 72
U. S. and by regions .... K 119-123, K 127-131
Construction and betterment in national
Railroad cars and locomotives, manufacture.J 89, J 138
Ships and boats, manufacture .......... J 90, J 139
forests, miles ........................ F 76-77
Motor vehicle statistics ............... K 225-238b Shipping and water traffic (.ee also
Railroad cars, by kind ............... K 5-8, K 36-37
Canals, Merchant fleet, etc.):
Public (mileage, finances, etc.) ........... K 174-224
Average capacity of freight cars .............. K 38
Land, improvements, and equipment (shipping
Wagon, land grants to aid in construction of. . F 22
Railroads, industrials, and utilities,
and canals), value ................... A 24-26
Rolled
iron
and
steel
production
...............
J
170
stock prices, monthly index ............. App. 25
Light stations, etc., and rivers and
Rolling mills, blast furnaces, and steel
Railroads, steam (see alBo Locomotives,
harbors,
federal expenditures ....... K 172-173
works,
hours
and
earnings
............
D
164-171
Railroad cars, Railways, street, etc.);
Merchant fleet ............... Page 19J, K 94-131
Bond yields ........................... N 201-202 Rosefish catch ............................... F 168
National
wealth
component .............. A 24-26,
..................................
F
140-142
Rosin
Monthly data ......................... App. 29
A 57-58, A 88-89
Capital and property investment .K 18-22, K 60-70 Rubber products, index ........................ J 48
New
York
State
canals, rivers, and
See
Floor
coverings.
Rugs.
Construction cost, total road, index ........... H 67
railroads, tonnage and ton-mileage .. K 168-171,
Construction expenditures (inc. local transit) .. H 10 Rural:
Value of merchandise carried in
Dwelling units started .................... , . H 42
Employment ............................... K 82
foreign trade ... , ...... '. ; K 108-167, M 42-112
Population ...................... B 17, B 159-160
Freight service ................. K 13-17, K 43-59
Monthly data ...................... App. 18-19
Farm
and
nonfarm
................
B
167,
B
170
Freight ton-miles, monthly data .. : ..... App. 11-12
Vessels entered and cleared in foreign
Rural incorporated places ............ B 161-164
Hours and earnings ....... D 137, D 148-151, K 83
trade, tons ....................... K 146-157
Roads, mileage and finances .......... .. K 177-183,
Income and expenses ............ K 23-25, K 71-79
Waterborne commerce of U. S., tons ..... K 132-145
K 205-214, K 216
Interest and dividends .......... K 26-27, K 80-81
Ships,
U.
S.Navy, value .......... , ..... A 58, A 89
Travel
by
motor
vehicles
..
"
.........
K
236b-238b
Land grants to aid in construction of ......... F 21
Land, improvements, and equipment, value. A 15-17
Shoes and other footwear industry:
Mileage, equipment, services, finances, etc.. K 1-93 Safety. See Public safety.
Hours and earnings (boot and shoe
National wealth component ......... A 15-17, A 52, Sailing vessels ......................... K 97, K 122
industry) ......................... D 186-188
A 59, A 81, A 86 Salaried officers and employers, manufacturing .... J 3
Manufacture ......................... J 61, J 109
New York State, ton-mileage ............... K 169 Salaries and wages (see also Wages and
Production (men's and women's leather
Operating railways, number ................. K 28
shoes) ............................ J 177-178
individual industries):
Output per man-hour in railroad
Manufacturing industries ................... J 5-7 Shrimp, catch ............................... F 179
transportation, indexes ................. D 214
National income component ............ A 119-:-122 Silver:
Passenger service ................ K 9-12, K 39-42
Coined ................................. , .N 181
Personal income component ................ A 135
Accidents and fatalities ................ K 86-87 Sales:
Dollars, certificates, and subsidiary
Pullman and other cars not owned by
silver in circulation ................ N 154-158
Department store sales, monthly index ..... App. 13
railroads, value ..................... A 59, A 86
Foreign trade ........................... N 48-50
Electric utilities (number of customers,
Railroads and their equipment, value .... A 52, A 81
Prices; ............................... N 183-184
kilowatt-hours, and revenues) ....... G 225-233
Stock yields and price:,!, indexes ...... N 208, N 217
Production and value .................. G 120-121
Farm equipment, machinery, and parts (value).E 107
Monthly data ........................ App. 26
Silver and gold coin and bullion, value ..... A 74, A 99
Farms (voluntary, forced, etc.), number
Silverware,
jewelry, clocks, and watches .... J 74, J 121
and percent .......................... E 6-18
Railways, street (see also Railroads, steam):
Public land, acres and receipts .......... F 19, P 94 Skilled workers and foremen ................... D 84
Earnings ................................. D 138
Slate.
...................................
G 73-14
Stocks and bonds ..................... N 228-232
Land, improvements, and equipment, value. A 18-20
Timber cut ............................. F 88-98 Slaughtering. See Meat and individual animals.
National wealth component .... A 18-20, A 53, A 82
Negro.
.
Slaves.
See
Rayon yarns ................................ J 153 Sales tax, specified commodities, State
revenue ............................ P 237-240 Soda ash .................................... J 157
Real estate (see also Farms, etc.),
Softwoods ........... : .................. F 110-121
Manhattan\Island, value of land and buildings.A 100 Salmon:
Soil conservation, ......................... F 62-68
Real property and improvements, value,
Canned .............................. F 202-203
National wealth component (taxed and
Catch .......................... F 184, F 191-192 Soybeans for beans ...................... E 208-210
tax exempt). '" .............. A 43-47, A 76-77 Salt ..................................... G 81-82 Spindles consuming cotton .................... J 180
Receipts (see also Customs receipts and
Sand and gravel. .......................... G 71-72 Spinners (frame), hours and earnings ...... D 189-194,
Income or revenue):
D 201-206
Sanitation, expenditures, State and local
Allocated to State highway purposes .. , .. K 193-198
governments ................ P 206, P 228, P 269 Sponges ................................ F 216-217
Cash receipts from farm marketings ....... E 88-90 Sardines. See Pilchard or sardine.
Sporting goods, toys, and games .......... J 63, J 111
'
Cash receipts of the General Land Office ....... F 9 Savings and loan associations:
Stamp taxes (including playing cards),
Federal Treasury .............. P 89-98, P 109-131
internal revenue ......................... P 113
Financial items ................. , ..... H 129-132
International transactions ....... M 14-22, M 32-36
Nonfarm home mortgage loans ....... H 114, H 121 State and local governments (8ee also Local
National forests ................ , ....... F 99-102
governments and State government) :
Number .................................. H 128
Postal. ..................... , .P 95, P 165, P 168 Savings and savings banks:
Employment and pay rolls ....... P 73-80, P 84-88
State and local governments ............ P 188-192,
Finances .................... Page !t87, P 188-277
Banks, number, assets and liabilities ....... N 43-44
P 212-220, P 235-253
Purchases of goods and services ............. A 116
Deposits and depositors, bank ........... N 99-108
Wage and salary, personal income component.A 135
Personal savings ........................... A 144 State automotive taxes paid by farmers ...... E 80-81
Postal Savings System ................. N 109-113 State banks (see also Colonial and State Banks):
Reclamation, federal expenditures .............. H 31
Branch banking ......................... N 92-98
U. S. bonds ............................... P 139
Recreation, expenditures, State and local
Notes in circulation .......... , ............ N 157
governments ...................... P 210, P 276 School districts, townships, and special
Number, and total assets or liabilities, ..... N 45-46
districts, finances ... , ................ P 188-215
Recreation resources in national forests, visitors. F 80-83
Quarries and related industries (see also
Mining), employment and injuries ..... G 137-143
Quicksilver. See Mercury.

362

SUBJECT INDEX

State banks

Series No.
State banks-Continued
Savings and other time deposits and
depositors, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ...... N 101, N 105
SUSpensions.", .... , .. ,', .. , .... N 137, N 143
St.ate government (see also State and local
governments) :
Cost of planting forest trees on farm land ... , . F 87
Finances ............. , ..... P 188-211, P 224-249
Fo..!,est fir~s (Sta~ arid :priyate lands) .. , .. ~ !.~~-H~
ExpendItures lor COntrOl. " . , , .... , ... .L' "'''U-.LU'Z
Hospitals and beds ...... , .. , .. , ....... C 108-109
Public roads (administered, finances, etc.) K 178-188,
K 191b, K 193-204, K 208, K 219
State, municipal, and foreign bond sales ........ N 232
State of birth of the population .... , , ..... B 185-189
State tax collections, by sources ...... , .... P 235-249
Steam and motor vessels ................ K 96, K 121
Steam railroads. See Railroads, steam.
Steel ingots and castings, production ....... J 165-169
Steel works, blast furnaces, and rolling
mills, hours and earnings .... , ........ D 164-171
Stock Exchange. See New York City.
Stocks (see also individual kinds of stocks),
yields, prices, issues, and sales ....... N 204-211,
N 214-220, N 227-228
Price indexes, monthly data .. , ..... , ... App. 25-26

Zinc

Series No.
Tombstones and monuments ............. J 82, J 130
Tonnage. See Shipping and water traffic,
Merchant fieet, Railto~ds, and Foreign trade.
Tools (carpenters' and mecnanics'),
manufacture ........................ J 94, J 144
Tools, equipment, and machinery
(manufacturing), value ............... A 51, A 80
Tools, machinery, and equipment (farm),
and livestock, value ....... ~ . " ............ A 48
Townships, school districts, and special
districts, finances .................... P 188-215
Toys, games, and sporting goods .......... J 63, J 111
Tractors:
Manufacture ..................... , ....... J 133
Number on farms ..... ,., .. , ........... E 106
Trade, business (see also Retail trade,
Wholesale trade, Foreign trade, etc.):
Labor force ...... , ................... D 54, D 73
National income ......... , ................. A 150
Stocks of goods in hands of dealers ..... , .. A 95-96
Trade-marks registered ... , , , ...
P 185-187
Trails and roads in national forests,
mileage, expenditures .................. F 78-79

Series No.

Vessels. See Merchant fleet, Foreign trade


Navy (U. S.) ships, etc.
'
Veterans'. pensions, fe,deral expenditures. . ...... P 105
V~toed bIlls, .congrE!l!sIOnal. ....
P 32-39
Village and CIty streets, funds foi' .. , ...... K 215-224
0

V!r~ Islan~. accession and area ........... B 24-25


VISItors, national parks and national
Vita{~~~~tti~~; ............
F 18, F 80-83
0

Birth- and death-registration States, growth C 1-5


Birth rates (birth-registration States) ...... C' 24.,.38
Children, number under 5 years old, rate ... C 22-23
D.eath rates. : ........................... C 39-76
Life ~xpectatIOl!' ..
C 6-21
MarrIage and divorce rates ............... C 77-78
Massachusetts, data for. C 14-21, C 53-55 C 62-64
Voters, potential. See Citizenship status.
'
Votes, electoral and popular for president
by political party ................. .' .. " P 27-31
0

Wage earners (see also individual industries


or occupations):
Consumers' price indexes ................. L 40-47
Factory
employment, indexes, monthly .... App. 3-4
Transfer payments, personal income component. A 140
Wbor force, selected industries ....
D 1-106
Transfers (unilateral), international
Stone, clay, and glass products:
age
or
salary income ................. A 119-122
transactions .............
M 19, M 28, M 35
Production, indexes ........... , ....... J 25, J 37 Transportation
Work
stoppages,
workers
involved
.......
D
25-238
(see also individual kinds
Stone, sold or used by producers .......... G 75-76
Wages (see also Salaries and wages and
of transportation) :
Stonemasons, brickmasons, and tile setters. . ... D 103
individual
industries)
:
Air transport ....... , ............. , ... K 239-273
Si;reet railways. See Railways, street.
Building trades~ ................
D 126
Federal expenditures for light stations,
Streets (city and village), finances (see also
Average wages and earnings, indexes .. '" D 110,
etc., and rivers and harbors ........ K 172-173
Highways and Roads) ........ K 197, K 215-224
.
.
D
114,
D
116
Foreign trade, carriage of ... 0, K 146-167
Streets, highways, and roads, construction
Umon wage rates and hours, indexes ... D 152-157
Labor force .......................... D 53, D 71
expenditures. , ........ , .................. H 20
Farm.",
...
D
132-133,
D
144,
D
172-175,
E
65-69
Merchant ffeet ......................... K 94-131
Stumpage prices ... : ........ , ..
F 112-115
Index numbers ...........
D 176. E 64
Motor vehicles ...................... , K 225-238b
Strikes. See Work stoppages.
Manufa,cturing industries,
n 117, D 119,
National income ... " ............... A 149, A 160
,Successions, legacies, and inheritance taxes ..... P 130
. D 124, D 136, D 177-212, J 7
New York State canals, rivers, and
Sugar (cane and beet, refined), CO)1Sumption
Indexes of average wages and earnings .... DIll,
railroads ........................ oK 168-171
per capita ....
C 152
Railroads
........
,
................
K
1-93,
K
169
Printing trades, union wage rates and D 113, D 120
Sulfur ................. , ................. G 83-84
Roads, public ........ ,.
K 174-224
Sulphuric acid ............... , ............... J 156
hours, indexes ....
D 158-163
Taxes, internal revenue, ...... , ........
P 118
Surgeons, See Physicians and surgeons.
Public
Pl:!:y rolls (federal, State and local) .. P 81-88
Waterborne commerce of United States .. K 132-145
Surplus, capital, and net undivided profits,
Selected
Industries
..
,
.......
D
128-131,
D
187-148,
banks ...... , ........ N 24, N 32, N 40, N 54 Transportation equipment, production
D 145-151, D 164-171, K 83
indexes. , .
J 29, J 34
Suspensions, bank ....................... N 135.-147
W~rlt stoppages (wages and hours, major
Sweetpotatoes (see also Potatoes):
Travel by motor vehicles .... , ...... , . K 236-238b
Issue) ...... , .................... n 231, D 236
Acreage, production, and price .......... E 228-230 Treasury bills, etc. (Federal), public debt
Consumption per capita, ....... ' .......... ,C 143
component ........................ , ..... P 141 Wagon roads. See Roads.
War Department (incl. rivers and harbors and
Swine, cattle, and horses, national forests
Treasury (Federal), receipt and
Panama Canal), expenditures for ... :. . . . P 10{)
grazing .......... " ........ , ...... '.. F 74
expenditures ............... P 89-108, P 168-169
..
Treasury notes of 1890 in cireulation .......... N 156 Warehouses, office buildings, etc.,
construction expenditures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H 7
Trucks, motor:
.
Taxation:
:;:~~~s~
jewelry,
silverware,
and
clocks
...
J
74:'J
121
Production
...........................
K
227-228
Corporate profits ............. , ....... A 130-131
Registrations .. , ........... ' ............... K 2g2
Corporation taxes, internal revenue ...... P 121-124,
Acquisition
of
land
and
water
areas.
,B
24-25
F
1-7
Travel
(trucks
and
combinations)
...
K
238a,
K
238b
P 152-164
Area of United States ... , ..... B 28, F 3, F 1; F 27
Corporation taxes, State ......... " ......... P 244 Trust, estate, and individual income tax
'
returns ..................
P 144-151 Water traffic. See Shipping and water traffic.
Customs ....................
P 90
Waterborne commerce of United States .... K 132-145
Farm property .......................... E 76-79 Trust funds and enterprises, contributions
Waterworks:
to,
State
and
local
governments
.....
P
200,
P
258
Forced sales ......... , .. , ................ E 10
Annual supply of energy from
Taxes payable per acre, index ..... , ....... E 102 Tubes. See Tires and tubes.
.water power ...................... G 161-162
Internal revenue, selected items .. ' ....... , P 91-92, Tuna and tunalike fishes:
CapItal ol!tlays (waterworks and sewer) ....... H 61
Canned ............................... F 208-209
P 109.-129
Construction
expenditures (sewage disposal
Income tax returns .................. P 144-164
. and water supply systems) ........... , .. H 21
Personal income ................. , . , ...... A 141
PrIvately
owned,
national wealth component,
Property, taxable and tax exempt, value .... A 3-41 ~rkeys. (see also Poultry) ................ E 177-180
urpentme ............................. F 137-139 Wealtb~a~:N~ti~~alw~~itl;.'" ........ A 61, A 90
Railroads, tax accruals ..................
K 76
Real property and improvements, tax and, tax
Weavers, hours and earnings ... D 195-200, D 207-212
exempt, value ............ " .. A 43-47, A 76-77 Underwear and hosiery industries, hours
and earnings ............. , , ......... D 183-185 Welfare. See Public welfare.
State and local governments revenue
from ..... ' ..... P 189-190.. P 235-249, P 251-252 Unemployment ................ , ..... D 26-28, D 65 Whale fisheries, vessel tonnage ............... K 108
State automotive taxes paid oy farmers .... E 80-81 Unemployment compensation, State tax
~:~~~ killed ............................. , " F 168
State property, highway-user, etc. taxes,
used for highway purposes .......... K 193-198 Unil!::r~l~~~~~ie~~; i~t~r~;ati~~~i ............. P 248
Acreage, production, prices, and stock .... E 186-190
transactions ............
M 19, M 28, M 35
Off-farm positions, bushels .............. E 191-195
Teachers .. , ................ , ................ D 92 Union membership, labor ................. D 218-223
Wheat
ffour:
Teachers (music) and musicians ............. , . D 102 Union wage rates and hours, indexes ....... D 152-163
Consumption per capita .................... C 153
Telegraph systems. See Telephone and
United States Bank, Second, assets and
Physical
output ............. , ...... ','" .... J 152
telegraph systems.
liabilities .............................. N 1-12 White population statistics. See Race.
Telephone and telegraph systems:
United States government. See Federal government.
Wholesale
prices:
Construction expenditures., .............. , .. H 12 United States investments, international
Cheese and butter ..................... E 165-166
Earnings ............................. D 139-140
transactions .......... M 4-8, M 21, M 30, M 89
Indexes ........................ Page $27, L 2-35
Lan? improvement, and equipment, value .. A 21-23 United States notes in circulation .......... : .. N 164
Who~':i;hilag::ta ...................... App. 23-24
NatIOnal wealth components ............. A 21-23, United States securities:
.
A 54-56, A 83-85
Bond yields, prices, and sales. , N 203, N 212, N 231
Dealers, wholesale and retail .....
D 81
Taxes, Ulternal revenue ..........
P 117
Held by banks ..... , ..... N 22, N 30, N 38, N 118
Stocks of goods in hands of wholesalers, value .. A 95
Tenure. See Dwelling units and Farms.
Unjust enrichment tax. , . , ............ , ..... P 124 Wood and gum naval stores production .... F 137-142
Territories and possessions:
Wood products (crossties, piles, poles,
Accession, dates of ..................... ; .... B 24 Urban:
etc.) treated with preservatives ........ F 128-181
Dwelling units started ...................... H 41
Areas, gross ................. , .............. B 25
Population,
totaL.,
...........
,
......
B
16,
B
146
Native population born in ..... , . , .......... B 191
Woodland and forest land (see also Forestry),
Farm and nonfarm ................ B 166, B 169
Population ...........................
B 5-10
acreage .................... F 31, F 35, F 40-50
In groups of places .................. B 145-158
Textiles and products:
Managed by Soil Conservation Service. , ...... F 66
Revenue of places, for streets. . . . . . . . . . .. ., K 217 Wood-pulp
Prices, indexes ................... , ..... L 7, L 19
production .......... , ............ F 133
Travel
by
motor
vehicles
....
,
........
K
236a-238a
Production, indexes .................... J 19, J 39
Wool consumed in manufacturing ............. , J 176
Ut!!!lsils (china and household) , ........ , . J 70, J 119 Woolen and worsted goods manufactures,
Tile setters, stonemasons, and brickmasons ..... D 103 UtilIties, industrials, and railroads,
and earnings ........ D 180-182, D 189-200
Timber (see also Lumber and products), cut
stock prices, monthly index ............. App. 25 Workhours
relief:
Ti from national forests ................. , . F 88-98 Utilities (see also Electric light and power
Construction
expenditures ................... H 24
-.n:e deposi!B ........................ N 134, N 177
industry and Public utilities) :
Federal funds (mainly WPA) for streets .... , ,K220
Construction contracts awarded (combined
Tire: !~dcit~~~rest rates .................... N 185
Work stoppages:
with public works) . , ................... H 54
Days lost (coal mining) .................. G 25-26
Manufacture ....
J 64, J 112
Stock yields and prices, indexes ...... N 209, N 218
Workers involved, man-days idle, major
To~~~~~~on ... ; ............... , ............ J 162 Utilization, land ........ , .................. F 25-68
issues, and average duration ........ D 224-238
Workers. See Employment, Labor force, and
t~r~~~venu~ ............ : ...... , ....... P 114 Valuation. See National wealth.
Wage eal;Ders.
med In manufacturIng ............. J 171 Veal and beef, consumption per capita ......... C 129 Workstock, animals on farms .......... , ...... E 135
Manufacture (cigars, cigarettes, and
Veal, slaughtering, production, and prices... E 140-143
P dtob~cco)., ................ , ...... ,J 53, J 101 Vegetables, canned and fresh (see also
Yams. See SWeetpotatoel>.
product!on (~Igarettes) ....... , .... ,., ...... J 174
Fruits and vegetables and indiflidual
commodities), consumption per capita .. C 140-141 Yarns. See Rayon yarns.
S ro uctlOn, mdexes ................... J 18, J 43
.tate revenue ....................... , ..... P 289 Vehicles. See Motor vehicles and
TOIlet, drug, and household preparations ... J 54, J 102
individ1J,al classes oj fJehicles:.
Zinc ................................... G 116-117
0

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U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, 1948_748105

363

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