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s r e e MATHEMATICS-I n i g n E O o D a a F

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CONTENTS
Ordinary Differential Equations of First Order and First Degree Linear Differential Equations of Second and Higher Order Mean Value Theorems Functions of Several Variables Curvature, Evolutes and Envelopes Curve Tracing Applications of Integration Multiple Integrals Series and Sequences Vector Differentiation and Vector Operators Vector Integration Vector Integral Theorems Laplace transforms

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TEXT BOOKS
A text book of Engineering Mathematics, Vol-I T.K.V.Iyengar, B.Krishna Gandhi and Others, S.Chand & Company A text book of Engineering Mathematics, C.Sankaraiah, V.G.S.Book Links A text book of Engineering Mathematics, Shahnaz A Bathul, Right Publishers A text book of Engineering Mathematics, P.Nageshwara Rao, Y.Narasimhulu & N.Prabhakar Rao, Deepthi Publications

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REFERENCES
A text book of Engineering Mathematics, m o c B.V.Raman, Tata Mc Graw Hill . s r e Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Irvin e in Ltd. Kreyszig, Wiley Indiag Pvt. n E A text Book of O Engineering Mathematics, o Thamson Book D collection

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UNIT-VII ee

n E CHAPTER-I:VECTOR DIFFERENTIATION O AND VECTOR OPERATORS o D CHAPTER-II:VECTOR INTEGRATION a a INTEGRAL F CHAPTER-III:VECTOR THEOREMS

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UNIT HEADER
Name of the Course: B.Tech m o c . Code No:07A1BS02 s r e Year/Branch: Ie Year n i CSE,IT,ECE,EEE,ME,CIVIL,AERO g n E Unit No: VII O o aD No. of slides:23

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UNIT INDEX UNIT-VII S. No. 1 Module Introduction, Gradient, D.D, Solenoidal and irrotational vectors Vector integration, Line, Surface and Volume integrals Vector integral theorems Lecture No. L1-5 PPT Slide No.

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16-19

L11-13

20-23

Lecture-1 INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, vector differential calculus is m o c considered, which extends the basic concepts . s r of differential calculus, such e as, continuity and e n differentiability to vector functions in a simple i g n and natural way. Also, the new concepts of E O gradient, divergence and curl are introducted. o D a Example a : i,j,k are unit vectors.

VECTOR DIFFERENTIAL OPERATOR

The vector differential operator is defined as m o c =i /x + j /y + k /z. This operator . s r possesses properties analogous to those of e e n ordinary vectors as well as differentiation i / g n now some quantities operator. We will E define O known as gradient, divergence and curl o D operator. a involving this a

Lecture-2 GRADIENT
Let f(x,y,z) be a scalar point function of m o c position defined in some region of. space. Then s r gradient of f is denoted by grad f or f and is e e n defined as i g n grad f=if/x + j f/y + k f/z E O o Example: If f=2x+3y+5z then grad D a a f= 2i+3j+5k F

Lecture-3 DIRECTIONAL DERIVATIVE

The directional derivative of a scalar point m o c function f at a point P(x,y,z) in the. direction of s r g at P and is defined as grad g/|grad g|.grad f e e n i Example: The directional derivative of g n f=xy+yz+zx in the direction of the vector E O opoint (1,2,0) is 10/3 i+2j+2k atD the

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Lecture-4 DIVERGENCE OF A VECTOR

Let f be any continuously differentiable vector m o c point function. Then divergence of f and is . s r written as div f and is defined as e e n i Div f = f1/x + j f2/y + k f3/z g n E Example 1: The divergence of a vector O o 2xi+3yj+5zk is 10 D a a Example 2: The divergence of a vector F f=xy2i+2x2yzj-3yz2k at (1,-1,1) is 9

SOLENOIDAL VECTOR
A vector point function f is said to be m o c solenoidal vector if its divergent is equal to . s r zero i.e., div f=0 e e n i Example 1: The vector g n f=(x+3y)i+(y-2z)j+(x-2z)k is solenoidal vector. E O o 4z2i+z3x2j-3x2y2k Example 2: The vector f=3y D a a is solenoidl F vector.

Lecture-5 CURL OF A VECTOR

Let f be any continuously differentiable vector m o c point function. Then the vector function curl of . s r f is denoted by curl f and is defined as e e n curl f= ixf/x + jxf/y + kxf/z i g n 2 Example 1: If f=xy i +2x2yzj-3yz2k then curl f E O at (1,-1,1) D is o i-2k a a Example F 2: If r=xi+yj+zk then curl r is 0

Lecture-6 IRROTATIONAL VECTOR

Any motion in which curl of the velocity m o c vector is a null vector i.e., curl v=0 is said to . s r be irrotational. If f is irrotational, there will e e n always exist a scalar function f(x,y,z) such that i g n f=grad g. This g is called scalar potential of f. E O o Example: The vector D a f=(2x+3y+2z)i+(3x+2y+3z)j+(2x+3y+3z)k is a F irrotational vector.

Lecture-7 VECTOR INTEGRATION

INTRODUCTION: In this chapter we shall m o c define line, surface and volume integrals . s r which occur frequently in connection with e e n physical and engineering problems. The i g n concept of a line integral is a natural E O generalization of the concept of a definite o D a integral of f(x) exists for all x in the interval a [a,b]F

WORK DONE BY A FORCE

If F represents the force vector acting on a m o particle moving along an arc AB, then the c . s work done during a small displacement F.dr. r e e Hence the total work done by F during n i g displacement from A to B is given by the line n integral F.dr OE o 2+6y)i-14yzj+20xz2k along Example: If f=(3x D a a the lines from (0,0,0) to (1,0,0) then to (1,1,0) F and then to (1,1,1) is 23/3

Lecture-8 SURFACE INTEGRALS

The surface integral of a vector point function F expresses the normal flux through a surface. If F represents the velocity vector of a fluid then the surface integral F.n dS over a closed surface S represents the rate of flow of fluid through the surface. Example:The value of F.n dS where F=18zi-12j+3yk and S is the part of the surface of the plane 2x+3y+6z=12 located in the first octant is 24.

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Lecture-9 VOLUME INTEGRAL

Let f (r) = f1i+f2j+f3k where f1,f2,f3 are m o c functions of x,y,z. We know that dv=dxdydz. . s r The volume integral is givene by e n f dv=(f1i+f2j+f3k)dxdydz i g n 2k then the value of Example: If F=2xzi-xj+y E O o f dv where v is the region bounded by the D a surfaces x=0,x=2,y=0,y=6,z=x2,z=4 is128ia F 24j-384k

Lecture-10 VECTOR INTEGRAL THEOREMS

In this chapter we discuss three important m o c vector integral theorems. . s r e 1)Gauss divergence theorem e n i 2)Greens theorem ng E 3)Stokes theorem O

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Lecture-11 GAUSS DIVERGENCE THEOREM

This theorem is the transformation between m o c surface integral and volume integral. Let S be . s r a closed surface enclosing a volume v. If f is a e e n continuously differentiable vector point i g function, then En O o div f dv=f.n dS D a a Where F n is the outward drawn normal vector at any point of S.

Lecture-12 GREENS THEOREM

This theorem is transformation between line m o c integral and double integral. If S is a closed . s r region in xy plane bounded by a simple closed e e n continuous curve C and in M and g Niare n functions of x and y having continuous E O derivatives in R, then o D a Mdx+Ndy=(N/x - M/y)dxdy a

Lecture-13 STOKES THEOREM

This theorem is the transformation between m o line integral and surface integral. Let S be a c . s r open surface bounded by a closed, none e n intersecting curve C. If F is any differentiable i g n vector point function then E O F.dr=Curl F.n o ds

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