Benefits of Butadiene Rubber

in Natural Rubber-based
Truck Tread and Sidewall

India Rubber Exposition & Conference

19th – 22nd January 2011
Chennai, Tamil Nadu

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 1

Business Unit - Performance Butadiene Rubbers

Production Sites

Port Jerome
Nd- + Li-BR
SSBR

Dormagen
Nd-BR

Orange
Co- + Nd-+ Li-BR Cabo
(SSBR) Li- + Nd-BR
SSBR
Caxias
Triunfo ESBR
ESBR

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 2

Business Unit - Performance Butadiene Rubbers BR Product Range
Solution
Cat- Mooney Vinyl Content Oil Content
Location Grade Application Viscosity
System Viscosity [%] [phr]
[m Pas]
Buna CB 21 Tyre / TRP / Golf 73 600 <1 0
Buna CB 22 Tyre / TRP / Golf 63 400 <1 0
(Buna CB 23) Golf / TRP 51 250-350 <1 0
Dorm agen
Nd Buna CB 24 Tyre / TRP 44 165 <1 0
Germ any
Buna CB 25 Tyre / TRP 44 145 <1 0
Buna CB 29 MES Tyre / TRP 37 --- <1 37.5 (MES)
PBR 4008 Tyre / TRP 37 --- <1 37.5 (TDAE)
Buna CB 22 Tyre / TRP / Golf 63 400 <1 0
Nd
Buna CB 24 Tyre / TRP 44 165 <1 0
Port Jerom e
Buna CB 55 NF Tyre / TRP 55 175 11 0
France
Li (Buna CB 45 NF) Tyre / TRP 45 130 11 0
Buna CB 60 Tyre / TRP 60 44 10 0
Buna CB 22 Tyre / TRP / Golf 63 400 <1 0
Nd Buna CB 23 Golf / TRP 51 250-350 <1 0
Buna CB 24 Tyre / TRP 44 165 <1 0
Orange Buna CB 1220 Tyre / TRP / Golf 40 --- ~2 0
USA Co Buna CB 1221 Tyre / TRP / Golf 53 --- ~2 0
Buna CB 1203 Tyre / TRP / Golf 43 --- ~2 0
Buna CB 45 Tyre / TRP 45 --- 11 0
Li
(Buna CB 55) Tyre / TRP 53 --- 11 0
Buna CB Nd 60 Tyre / TRP 63 1000 <1 0
Nd
Buna CB Nd 40 Tyre / TRP 42 400 <1 0
Cabo Buna CB 70B Tyre / TRP 70 --- 11 0
Brazil Buna CB 55H Tyre / TRP 54 --- 11 0
Li
Buna CB 55L Tyre / TRP 49,5 --- 11 0
Buna CB 45B Tyre / TRP 45 --- 11

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 4

A little explanation about Butadiene Rubber …

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 5

 Polymer Analyticals.

TAKTENE 1203
TAKTENE 220
1 01

BUNA CB 25

BUNA CB 22
BR 1208
7,0

NiBR - 301
NiBR -BR

-2

Cisamer
Kumho

NiBR
6,0

Polydispersity (Mn / Mw)

LG
Ni Ni Ni Co Co Nd Nd 5,0
1.4-cis % 96,4 97,6 96,8 96,5 98,0 97,5 98,3
1.2-vinyl % 1,2 1,5 1,7 2,5 1,3 0,6 0,5 4,0
ML´4 MU 46 45 43 39 44 47 64
MSR MU/sec 0,34 0,69 0,41 0,37 0,42 0,53 0,68 3,0
Relax 30 % 19,7 5,37 14,35 14,5 13,79 7,91 5,5
Mn kg/mol 79 118 87 91 169 183 233 2,0
Mw kg/mol 458 453 460 327 472 372 471
PDI 5,8 3,8 5,3 3,6 2,8 2,0 2,0 1,0
0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0
ML´4 / SV * 10 4,7 1,4 2,4 7,3 4,8 2,0 1,5
SV mPas 98 312 177 54 91 234 420 1.2-vinyl [% ]

NiBR -BR
Kumho 1 01
NiBR – 1 NdBR with NiBR
LG BR-1208
2
highly branched with Mooney Jump Cisamer
NiBR - 301
very broad PDI NiBR – 2 TAKTENE 220
linear with TAKTENE 1203
broad PDI BUNA CB 25
NiBR – 3
branched with BUNA CB 22
very broad PDI

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 6

 MSR and Branching.
Branching Index and MSR
99 Solution viscosity Index
Branching (Mooney Visc. / SV)
88
Nd-BR Æ chemical branching
77 Kumho
NiBR –BR
1 01
Æ Polydispersity
Branching Index

Co-BR LG BR–1208
NiBR 2
(ML / SV * 10)

66
M V /S V *1 0

Cisamer
NiBR – 301 Mooney Stress Relaxation
55
TAKTENE 220 (MSR)
44
TAKTENE 1203 Æ chemical branching
33
BUNA CB 25 Æ physical entanglements
22 BUNA CB 22
Higher 11
linearity
00
0,3
0,3 0,4
0,4 0,5
0,5 0,6
0,6 0,7
0,7 0,8
0,8
MSR
MSR
Higher linearity

Æ MSR value = best differentiation for polymer branching with both low and high PDI
Æ“branched” NdBR is more linear than “linear” CoBR
Æ NiBR grades have different branching degrees between linear and highly branched

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 7

 GPC-Malls

GPC - MALLS Analysis

1,4

1,2
Differential Weight Fraction

1,0 NiBR
NiBR Kumho
–1 BR 01
NiBR
NiBR LG
– 2 BR 1208
0,8
NiBR
NiBR Cisamer-01
–3
Taktene 220
0,6
Taktene 1203
0,4 BUNA CB25
BUNA CB22
0,2

0,0
1.000 10.000 100.000 1.000.000 10.000.000
Molecular weight [ g / mol ]

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 8

 Polymer chain ends
500 Polymer chain length
450
• numeric molecular weight Mn
400 Kumho
NiBR –BR
1 01 • branching degree MSR
Molecular weight
Mn & Mw [kg/mol]

350 LG BR –1208
NiBR 2
(number of ends per molecule)
300 Cisamer
NiBR – 301
250 TAKTENE 220
Factor for polymer chain length
200 TAKTENE 1203
= [Mn] x [MSR]
150 BUNA CB 25
100 BUNA CB 22
50
0 180

Index polymer chain length

30 40 50 60 70 160

Mn [kg/mol] * MSR [MU/s]

140 Kumho
NiBR –BR
1 01
Mooney ML1+4 [MU] LG BR–1208
120 NiBR 2
Cisamer
NiBR – 301
100
TAKTENE 220
80
TAKTENE 1203
60
BUNA CB 25
Theory: 40 BUNA CB 22
Hysteresis (energy dissipation) 20

= number of free polymer chain ends 0

30 40 50 60 70
Mooney ML1+4 [MU]

LANXESS Nd-BR with high polymer chain length = less chain ends !!

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 9

 Truck Tread Compounding

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 10

 Butadiene Rubber Characteristics

BUNA BUNA BUNA Cobalt Cobalt Cobalt Nickel BUNA

CB 24 CB 22 CB 1203 BR #1 BR #3 BR #2 BR #1 CB 55

ML´4 [MU] 43.4 65.4 44.1 42.9 41.6 42.0 46.6 54.5
MSR [MU/sec] 0.616 0.733 0.409 0.582 0.518 0.349 0.391 0.722
Relax 30s [%] 5.53 4.74 13.38 5.59 9.62 18.33 14.81 4.04
LV [mPas] 183.5 450 102 108.5 188 47 101 167
1,4-cis [%] 96.7 97.9 98.2 96.0 96.2 95.1 95.0 37.2
1,4-trans [%] 2.8 1.7 0.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 3.4 50.7
1,2-vinyl [%] 0.5 0.4 1.2 2.4 2.0 3.2 1.6 12.1
Mn [g/mol] 186400 222900 137300 154000 122000 99600 96820 140700
Mw [g/mol] 365600 482400 453600 355900 555800 399800 499300 265300
Mw/Mn 2.21 2.16 2.30 2.31 4.55 4.01 5.16 1.89

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 11

 Test Formulations

BUNA BUNA BUNA Cobalt Cobalt Cobalt Nickel BUNA

CB 24 CB 22 CB 1203 BR #1 BR #3 BR #2 BR #1 CB 55 NR
TSR 10 75 75 50 75 50 75 75 75 100
CORAX N 220 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
NYTEX 8450 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
EDENOR C 18 98-100 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
ZINKWEISS ROTSIEGEL 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
ANTILUX 654 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
VULKANOX 4020/LG 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
VULKANOX HS/LG 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
VULKACIT CZ/EGC 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25
MAHLSCHWEFEL 90/95 CHAN 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
BUNA CB 24 25
BUNA CB 22 25
Buna CB 1203 25
Cobalt BR #1 25
Cobalt BR #2 25
Cobalt BR #3 25
Nickel BR #1 25
BUNA CB 55 NF 25

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 12

 Unvulcanised Properties & Rheometry

Mooney - Viskosität GL00000142230010

120

100
BUNA CB 24
BUNA CB 22
Mooney-Viskosität [ME]

80 Cobalt-BR #1
Nickel-BR #1
60 BUNA CB 55 NF
Cobalt-BR #2

40 Cobalt-BR #3
Buna CB 1203
NR
20

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Zeit [s]

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 13

 Unvulcanised Properties & Rheometry
Mooney - Anvulkanisation GL00000142230010

45

40

35 BUNA CB 24
BUNA CB 22
Mooney-Viskosität [ME]

30
Cobalt-BR #1
25 Nickel-BR #1
BUNA CB 55 NF
20 Cobalt-BR #2
Cobalt-BR #3
15
Buna CB 1203
10 NR

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Zeit [s]

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 14

 Unvulcanised Properties & Rheometry

BUNA BUNA BUNA Cobalt Cobalt Cobalt Nickel BUNA

CB 24 CB 22 CB 1203 BR #1 BR #3 BR #2 BR #1 CB 55 NR
Compound Mooney - Viscosity ML1+4/100
ML 1+4 [MU] 63.3 69.6 62.0 63.3 61.3 57.4 60.8 67.9 58.7
MSR [MU/sec] 0.474 0.454 0.45 0.457 0.468 0.475 0.46 0.492 0.482
Relax 30s % 10.42 11.75 11.74 11.4 11.06 10.65 11.37 9.99 10.51

Delta ML Compound-Polymer
19.9 4.2 17.9 20.4 19.7 15.4 14.2 13.4

MS-t5 ( seconds ) 1639 1637 1652.8 1677.8 1700 1771 1682.8 1681.4 1404.4

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 15

 Unvulcanised Properties & Rheometry

Monsanto - MDR GL00000142230010

18

16

14 BUNA CB 24
BUNA CB 22
12 Cobalt-BR #01
Nickel-BR #1
S' [dNm]

10
BUNA CB 55 NF
8 Cobalt-BR #2

6 Cobalt-BR #3
Buna CB 1203
4 NR
Nd-BR provides the highest level of crosslinking !!
2

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Zeit [s]

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 16

 Unvulcanised Properties & Rheometry

BUNA BUNA BUNA Cobalt Cobalt Cobalt Nickel BUNA

CB 24 CB 22 CB 1203 BR #1 BR #3 BR #2 BR #1 CB 55 NR
S' min [dNm] 2.51 2.72 2.54 2.59 2.53 2.40 2.53 2.62 2.27
S' max [dNm] 15.0 15.4 14.2 14.3 14.0 13.4 13.6 14.2 13.6
S' final dNm 13.4 13.6 12.3 12.7 12.1 11.5 11.8 13.0 11.9
Delta S' dNm 12.5 12.7 11.6 11.7 11.5 11.0 11.0 11.5 11.4
TS1 s 127 128 133 133 137 139 137 136 107
TS2 s 154 156 157 158 162 165 161 163 127
Time 10% s 137 140 139 140 143 144 141 142 111
Time 25% s 163 167 165 167 170 172 168 171 133
Time 30% s 168 171 169 171 174 176 172 176 136
Time 50% s 186 189 184 189 190 192 188 194 152
Time 70% s 215 215 208 215 214 217 213 222 175
Time 80% s 240 237 227 239 234 237 233 246 193
Time 90% s 286 278 263 284 270 274 270 291 225
Time 95% s 333 318 299 330 306 310 306 338 258
S' @ 90% dNm 13.8 14.1 13.0 13.1 12.8 12.3 12.5 13.0 12.5
Time for S'max s 534 487 443 538 455 457 464 535 384

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 17

 Vulcanizate Dynamic Properties
Dyn. Dämpfung Temp.-abhängig GL00000142230010

0.9

0.8 BUNA CB 24

0.7 BUNA CB 22
Cobalt-BR #1
0.6
Tan Delta

Nickel-BR #1
0.5 BUNA CB 55 NF
Cobalt-BR #2
0.4
Cobalt-BR #3
0.3
Buna CB 1203
0.2 NR

0.1

0
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150
Tem peratur [°C]

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 18

 Vulcanizate Dynamic Properties
Dyn. Dämpfung Temp.-abhängig GL00000142230010

0.14

0.13 BUNA CB 24
BUNA CB 22
Cobalt-BR #1
0.12
Tan Delta

Nickel-BR #1
BUNA CB 55 NF
Cobalt-BR #2
0.11
Cobalt-BR #3
Buna CB24 Buna CB 1203
0.1 NR
Buna CB22
Nd-BR provides the lowest Rolling Resistance !!
0.09
40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Tem peratur [°C]

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 19

 Vulcanizate Dynamic Properties
MTS Standard-Programm GL00000142230010

0.23

Tan δ maximum confirms low hysteresis of Nd-BRs !!

0.22
BUNA CB 24
0.21 BUNA CB 22
Cobalt-BR #1
Tan Delta

0.2 Nickel-BR #1
BUNA CB 55 NF
0.19 Cobalt-BR #2
Cobalt-BR #3
0.18 Buna CB 1203
NR
0.17

0.16
1 10
Dehnung [m m /m m ]

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 20

 Zugversuch Stab S2 RT
GL00000142230010
Vulcanizate Properties
35

30

BUNA CB 24
25
BUNA CB 22
Spannung [MPa]

Cobalt-BR #1
20 Nickel-BR #1
BUNA CB 55 NF
15 Cobalt-BR #2
Cobalt-BR #3
Buna Cb 1203
10
NR

0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Dehnung [%]

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 21

 Vulcanizate Properties

BUNA BUNA BUNA Cobalt Cobalt Cobalt Nickel BUNA

CB 24 CB 22 CB 1203 BR #1 BR #3 BR #2 BR #1 CB 55 NR

Rebound @ 23°C % 47.8 50.8 47.7 48.4 45.7 42.7 44.3 47.8 42.6
Rebound @ 60°C % 51.2 54.7 54.7 56.2 52.6 51.0 50.2 51.1 52.0
Hardness @ 60°C Shore A 52.0 53.3 52.3 52.5 51.0 51.0 50.7 52.0 51.8
Hardness @ 23°C Shore A 59.1 59.2 56.4 57.9 56.8 57.1 56.6 57.2 58.9

Modulus @ 23 °C
S10 MPa 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6
S25 MPa 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8
S50 MPa 1.1 1.1 1.2 1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1
S100 MPa 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8
S300 MPa 8.4 9 7.9 8.1 8.1 8 8.7 8.3 9.8
Elongation % 677 683 654 698 681 690 694 672 635
Tensile Strength MPa 28.5 30.2 27 27.9 27.5 27.3 28.1 27.3 28.5

Abrasion Loss mm³ 50 43 49 38 44 51 27

57 16 122

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 22

Truck Sidewall Compounding

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 23

 Test Formulations

Cobalt Cobalt BUNA BUNA BUNA BUNA Neodymium

BR #1 BR #2 CB 25 CB 1203 CB 24 CB 22 BR #1
BR1220 BR-01 LXS LXS LXS LXS Non-LXS

TSR / RSS DEFO 1000 55.00 55.00 55.00 55.00 55.00 55.00 55.00
CORAX N 550/30 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00
STATEX N 330 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00
NYTEX 8450 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00
EDENOR C 18 98-100 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25
ZINKWEISS ROTSIEGEL 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50
ANTILUX 654 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50
VULKANOX 4020/LG 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
VULKANOX HS/LG 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50
VULKACIT CZ/EGC 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50
MAHLSCHWEFEL 90/95 CHANCEL 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
BR-1220 45.00
BR-01 45.00
Buna CB 25 45.00
Buna CB 1203 45.00
Buna CB 24 45.00
Buna CB 22 45.00
Nd-BR #1 45.00

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 24

 CompoundMooney - Viskosität
Viscosity GL00000154890010
tested at ML1+4@100°C
90

80

70
BR-1220
Mooney-Viskosität [ME]

60 BR-01

50 CB 25
CB 1203
40 CB 24

30 CB 22
Nd-BR
20

10

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Zeit [s]

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 25

 Mooney Scorch tested
Mooney - Anvulkanisation at 125°C
GL00000154890010

40

35

30
BR-1220
Mooney-Viskosität [ME]

25 BR-01
CB 25
20 CB 1203
CB 24
15 CB 22
Nd-BR
10

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Zeit [s]

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 26

 Unvulcanised Properties
Cobalt Cobalt BUNA BUNA BUNA BUNA Neodymium
BR #1 BR #2 CB 25 CB 1203 CB 24 CB 22 BR #1
BR1220 BR-01 LXS LXS LXS LXS Non-LXS

Mooney - Viskosität ML1+4/100

ML 1+1 49.3 51.9 58.8 53.1 60.3 70.5 59.3

ML 1+4 43.5 46.5 51.3 47.0 53.0 62.5 52.8
MSR 0.483 0.526 0.53 0.483 0.515 0.507 0.494
Rel. decay @ 30 s 10.06 8.58 8.51 10.29 9.07 9.61 9.77

MS-t3 1626.8 1606.8 1573.0 1567.8 1550.8 1680.0 1599.8

MS-t5 1677.0 1660.0 1623.8 1616.0 1609.0 1740.8 1654.0

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 27

 Rheometry Curves tested at 160°C for 30 minutes

Monsanto - MDR GL00000154890010

16

14

12
BR-1220

10 BR-01
CB 25
S' [dNm]

8 CB 1203
CB 24
6
CB 22
Nd-BR
4

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Zeit [s]

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 28

 Compound Rheometry

Cobalt Cobalt BUNA BUNA BUNA BUNA Neodymium

BR #1 BR #2 CB 25 CB 1203 CB 24 CB 22 BR #1
BR1220 BR-01 LXS LXS LXS LXS Non-LXS

Monsanto - MDR

Minimum Torque, ML 1.71 1.70 1.79 1.69 1.86 2.19 1.84

Maximum Torque, MH 12.43 13.11 14.77 13.51 14.97 14.66 14.66
Drehmomentendwert 10.79 11.47 13.13 11.66 13.34 13.19 12.90
Delta Torque, MH-ML 10.72 11.41 12.98 11.82 13.11 12.47 12.82
Scorch Safety Time TS1 170.4 178.8 168.0 172.8 172.2 178.8 173.4
Anstiegszeit TS2 188.4 197.4 187.8 189.0 192.0 201.0 192.6
Time to percent cure 10% 172.6 182.7 176.6 177.4 180.0 186.2 180.4
Umsatzzeit 25% 194.1 204.3 198.6 195.7 202.7 212.3 202.2
Umsatzzeit 30% 198.0 208.2 202.8 199.3 206.9 217.1 206.2
Umsatzzeit 50% 212.7 223.1 218.8 213.4 223.0 235.1 221.3
Umsatzzeit 70% 235.1 245.8 243.0 235.1 247.0 261.1 244.0
Umsatzzeit 80% 255.9 266.8 265.3 254.6 268.6 284.3 264.9
Umsatzzeit 90% 296.6 308.3 308.5 292.4 311.3 328.4 305.3
Umsatzzeit 95% 339.2 349.8 352.3 330.0 354.9 374.2 347.9
S' bei 90% Umsatz 11.36 11.97 13.47 12.33 13.66 13.41 13.38
Zeit für S'max 511.8 522.6 531.6 481.8 536.4 574.2 519.6

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 29

 Tangent Delta
Dyn. Däm Curves
pfung Tem versus
p.-abhängig Temperature
GL00000154890010

0.9

0.8

0.7
BR-1220
0.6 BR-01
Tan Delta

0.5 CB 25
CB 1203
0.4 CB 24

0.3 CB 22
Nd-BR
0.2

0.1

0
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150
Tem peratur [°C]

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 30

 Tangent
Dyn. Delta
Däm pfung Tem values
p.-abhängig at 60 °C
GL00000154890010

0.105

0.1

0.095
BR-1220
0.09 BR-01
Tan Delta

0.085 CB 25
CB 1203
0.08 CB 24

0.075 CB 22
Nd-BR
0.07

0.065

0.06
45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85
Tem peratur [°C]

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 31

 Vulcanizate Dynamic Properties

Cobalt Cobalt BUNA BUNA BUNA BUNA Neodymium

BR #1 BR #2 CB 25 CB 1203 CB 24 CB 22 BR #1
BR1220 BR-01 LXS LXS LXS LXS Non-LXS

Dyn. Dämpfung DIN 53513

E'(0 °C) 11.05 11.94 11.51 10.67 11.64 11.33 11.39

E''(0 °C) 1.42 1.59 1.38 1.38 1.39 1.50 1.36
E*(0 °C) 11.14 12.05 11.59 10.76 11.72 11.43 11.47
tan d (0°C) 0.129 0.133 0.120 0.129 0.119 0.132 0.120
E' (23 °C) 8.71 9.57 9.41 8.67 9.65 8.97 9.23
E'' (23 °C) 0.98 1.10 0.93 0.95 0.93 0.93 0.90
E* (23 °C) 8.77 9.64 9.46 8.73 9.69 9.02 9.27
tan d (23 °C) 0.112 0.114 0.099 0.110 0.096 0.104 0.098
E' (60 °C) 5.99 6.69 6.65 6.05 6.86 6.42 6.71
E'' (60 °C) 0.56 0.63 0.48 0.51 0.49 0.49 0.51
E* (60 °C) 6.02 6.72 6.67 6.07 6.88 6.44 6.73
tan d (60 °C) 0.093 0.094 0.072 0.084 0.071 0.076 0.075

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 32

 MTS Standard-Program m GL00000154890010

1.8

1.6

1.4
BR-1220
1.2 BR-01
CB 25
G' [MPa]

1
CB 1203
0.8 CB 24

0.6 CB 22
Nd-BR
0.4

0.2

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Dehnung [%]

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 33

 Tangent Delta usingmMTS
MTS Standard-Program versus Strain
GL00000154890010

0.18

0.16

0.14
BR-1220
0.12 BR-01
Tan Delta

0.1 CB 25
CB 1203
0.08 CB 24

0.06 CB 22
Nd-BR
0.04

0.02

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Dehnung [%]

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 34

 MTS Visco-Dynamic Test Data

Cobalt Cobalt BUNA BUNA BUNA BUNA Neodymium

BR #1 BR #2 CB 25 CB 1203 CB 24 CB 22 BR #1
BR1220 BR-01 LXS LXS LXS LXS Non-LXS

Probekörper : MTS-Probe
MTS Amplitudensweep

G* (0,5%) 1.Messung 1.33 1.36 1.55 1.30 1.31 1.46 1.35

G* (0,5%) 2.Messung 1.24 1.25 1.45 1.22 1.25 1.37 1.27
G* (0,5%) 3.Messung 1.24 1.26 1.45 1.22 1.25 1.36 1.28
G* (15%) 1.Messung 0.78 0.80 0.93 0.81 0.87 0.91 0.87
G* (15%) 2.Messung 0.76 0.78 0.91 0.80 0.85 0.89 0.85
G* (15%) 3.Messung 0.76 0.78 0.91 0.80 0.85 0.89 0.85
tan d (max.) 1.Messung 0.153 0.148 0.131 0.136 0.118 0.128 0.125
tan d (max.) 2.Messung 0.159 0.153 0.136 0.139 0.120 0.132 0.128
tan d (max.) 3.Messung 0.160 0.153 0.136 0.139 0.120 0.133 0.129

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 35

 StressStab
Zugversuch versus
S2 RT Strain Chart
GL00000154890010

30

25

20 BR-1220
BR-01
Spannung [MPa]

CB 25
15 CB 1203
CB 24
CB 22
10 Nd-BR

0
-100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Dehnung [%]

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 36

 Vulcanizate Properties
Cobalt Cobalt BUNA BUNA BUNA BUNA Neodymium
BR #1 BR #2 CB 25 CB 1203 CB 24 CB 22 BR #1
BR1220 BR-01 LXS LXS LXS LXS Non-LXS

Temperature : 23 °C
Average Rebound 52.03 54.26 58.88 54.7 57.57 58.48 57.62

Temperature : 60 °C
Average Rebound 58.85 61.46 64.71 61.83 64.06 64.04 63.61

Temperature 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Average Shore-A Hardness 46.5 48.0 50.0 48.2 51.5 51.0 50.5

Temperature 23 23 23 23 23 23 23
Average Shore-A Hardness 51.9 52.8 54.3 52.1 55.0 54.5 53.8

S10 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4

S25 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8
S50 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1
S100 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8
S300 8.1 8.2 9.5 8.9 9.7 9.1 9.2
D Median 633 673 612 622 612 613 605
F Median 23.7 25.2 25.6 25.2 25.8 26.5 26.0

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 37

 Summary
1. Nd-BR has the lowest vinyl content besides being very linear.

2. Nd-BR provides the highest level of croslinking

3. Owing to its microstructure/macrostructure, Nd-BR provides

the lowest level of rolling resistance available to the compounds

4. The addition of BR to the NR-based compound helps to provide

some additional scorch safety time besides improvements for
abrasion loss, lower rolling resistance and lower heat build-up.

5. Overall, the addition of BR helps to improve the end properties of

NR-based compounds with Nd-BR being the best choice.

6. To attain much lower rolling resistance and heat build-up, it may

be necessary to blend silica into the formulation with the black.

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 38

 Thank you
for your attention

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 42